Probiotics have become, in recent years, interesting and increasingly popular as nutritional supplements, especially for reducing gastrointestinal complaints and common infectious diseases. In sporting practice, there is evidence of the potential of probiotics to reduce the incidence and severity of respiratory tract infections. In view of this, the present study aims to conduct a systematic review of studies involving probiotic supplementation and its effects on parameters related to health and training in athletes and physical exercise practitioners. The search was performed in the databases Scielo and Pubmed and the period considered for the review was from 2008 to 2018. Articles were considered English and Portuguese. The descriptors used for the search of the articles were: probiotic, exercise and sports performance. In total, fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Treatment with probiotic indicates positive clinical effects and evidence for potential supplementation in exercise. The studies provided results that corroborate the performance of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections, as well as the incidence, severity and duration of symptoms. Regarding performance, some isolated benefits were reported, mainly attenuation of muscle damage, muscle recovery and improvement in potency. Therefore, the benefits of probiotics in upper respiratory tract infections and immune system in physical exercise were satisfactory, although, in terms of performance, the results are inconclusive.


In this lecture, J. Michael Dash explores Haiti's symbolic destiny, in an effort to "free" Haiti from being relegated symbolically to the margins of world history. He argues for an understanding of the Haitian Revolution as both a foundational moment in modern universalist thought and a point of origin for postcolonial Caribbean societies, one which privileges global interaction and transcends ethnocentric models of nation, race, and identity. In the spirited question period, also captured here, the circumstances of former President Aristide's recent departure from office, the complexities of internal Haitian politics, and the regional and international context are debated.


According to sequence analysis, the spo IV-locus of Bacillus megaterium DSM319 is 1,185 bp long; it is the second gene of a sporulation operon, which altogether contains three open reading frames. The ORF preceding spo IV encodes a putative polypeptide with 94 amino acids; the 3rd ORF of the operon has 972 bp corresponding to 324 amino acids. The operon is flanked on both sides by palin-dromic sequences, probably representing Rho-independent terminators. A primer extension analysis revealed that mRNA synthesis starts immediately downstream of a promoter, which is similar to the consensus sequence of Bacillus subtilis ss E dependent promoters. Both the (cid:1) 35 and the (cid:1) 10 region are within the terminator region of the preceding operon. Gene knockout experiments and reporter gene assays with a newly developed system based on the heterologous Paenibacillus macerans glucanase gene ( bgl ) confirmed ss E -dependent transcription. Two open reading frames of a further upstream operon were also identified. Northern analysis revealed that transcription of these ORFs comes about in late sporulation phases. The genetic organization of the spo IV comprising operon and adjacent loci clearly resembles that of the B. subtilis yqf a- pho H gene cluster. Thus our findings are of general significance for endospore-forming bacteria.


The paper presents basic information of relatively new, modern and high efficiency welding process, STT process. This welding process is successfully used for performing of root passes at thick pipes, steam-boilers and chambers. The STT welding process is suitable for welding of thin plates, also. Very low heat input affect on residual stresses and deformations reduction point of view. The root pass is high quality and lack of fusion or other discontinuities are reduced to minimum.


The authors have already established a bi univocal correspondence between Riemann zeta functions and dynamic processes under the control of integro-differential operator of non-integer complex order. We recall that the Riemann zeta function can then be related to hyperbolic geodesics whose angles at the boundary are determined by the real part of the power laws that define the Riemann series. It is suggested that Riemann's conjecture can be reduced to a geometrical phase transition with a reduction of the parameter of order resulting from the combination of a pair symmetries associated with a quasi-self similarity of geodetics. The well-known relationship with the set of prime numbers must be considered as the result of the local existence of stationary 'state' in the dynamics. The work is focused on the 'non stationary' behaviour of Riemann zeta function. It is shown that the main characteristic of the dynamics of complex systems may be associated to a hybridizing between a pair of states and/or processes able to give a geometrical status to the concept of the time and equally to the concept of energy. It is based on the mirror properties of complementary zeta function. It is shown also that the set of prime numbers, which controls the transitions between 'states', is the simplest form of the complexity. This analysis suggests the existence of a mathematical relationship between Riemann's and Goldbach's hypothesis. Such relationship would be the base of an extension of the principles of the science for the analysis of the complexity. According to previous proposal we name this extension that enlarges the principles of the science : sciance with 'a'.


We study the effects of acceleration on fermionic Gaussian states of localized modes of a Dirac field. We consider two wave packets in a Gaussian state and transform these to an accelerated frame of reference. In particular, we formulate the action of this transformation as a fermionic quantum channel. Having developed the general framework for fermions, we then investigate the entanglement of the vacuum, as well as the entanglement in Bell states. We find that with increasing acceleration vacuum entanglement increases, while the entanglement of Bell states decreases. Notably, our results have an immediate operational meaning given the localization of the modes.


Land that was managed by intensively will effect decreasing soil fertility. This condition happened in the rice fields in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency. This study aims to determine the fertile of paddy soil, and the soil chemical criteria in the village have been carried out. This study uses a survey method, which is to determine the soil sample taken using the purposive sampling method. With this method obtained 13 research sites. Soil sampling in this study using soil samples that operated. And the replaced variables are C-Organic, available K, total P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and Base Saturation (KB). The results showed, the C-Organic variable in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, is classified as low, K as moderate, P-total as high, CEC is moderate, and Saturation of Bases as moderate. From the results of soil fertility analysis, the criteria for soil fertility in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency is low with a C-Organic limiting factor.


The toxicity to larvae of Musca domestica L., Fannia pusio (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (F.), and Parasarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy) of droppings from chicks administered 12 insecticides was determined. Bidrin® (3-hydroxy- N,N -dimethyl- cis -croton-amide dimethyl phosphate), N-2404 ( O - (2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl) O -isopropyl ethylphosphonothioate), and N-2788 ( O -ethyl S-p -tolyl ethylphosphonodithioate) were highly toxic to the larvae of the 4 fly species at concentrations in the feed between 50 and 100 ppm. At this concentration range, R-3413 ( S - (4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl) O,O -diethyl phosphorodithioate) was highly toxic to M. domestica, F. pusio , and C. megacephala while N-3051 ( S-p - tert -butylphenyl O -ethyl ethylphosphonodithioate) was highly toxic to M. domestica and C. megacephala . Larval mortality was determined also in droppings inoculated directly with the insecticides. N-2404 was more toxic after passage through the chick than when directly inoculated into the droppings. Ciodrin® (α-methylbenzyl 3-hydroxycrotonate dimethyl phosphate) was less toxic to the larvae after passage through the chick.


This paper presents a parametric design method of the cam profile curve with UG NX, created the cam curves with law of the curve command, conducted curve continuity analysis with Curve Continuity Analysis command, and the results show that all adjacent curves are tangent continuous. This ensures the design accuracy. The velocity curve and the displacement curve were got through the cam motion simulation, and the motion analysis is consistent with the results of theoretical design. Expressions were changed, and the motion analysis show that the parametric design of the cam contour is reasonable.


We define the notion of "projective" multiresolution analyses, for which, by definition, the initial space corresponds to a finitely generated projective module over the algebra $C(\btn)$ of continuous complex-valued functions on an $n$-torus. The case of ordinary multi-wavelets is that in which the projective module is actually free. We discuss the properties of projective multiresolution analyses, including the frames which they provide for $L^2(\brn)$. Then we show how to construct examples for the case of any diagonal $2 \times 2$ dilation matrix with integer entries, with initial module specified to be any fixed finitely generated projective $C(\mathbb T^2)$-module. We compute the isomorphism classes of the corresponding wavelet modules.


Domino-processes between palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions - Heck-reaction and Enyne-Cycloisomerization - followed by Diels-Alder-reactions have been studied. The palladium-catalyzed domino-type reactions which lead to a considerable increase in molecular complexity in a single operation, have become a versatile method for the formation of bicyclic and tricyclic systems. The use of in situ generated iminium ions as heterodienophiles lead to nitrogen containing heterocycles. In another attempt the cyclization of heteroatom containing precursors have been testet. Another part of this work deals with palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution-reactions with 1-chloro-1-ethenylcyclopropanes. Sodium formate and n-butyl zinc chloride were used as nucleophiles.


Efficient removal of impulsive noise (IN) from received signal is essential in many communication applications. In this paper, we propose a two stage IN mitigation approach for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based communication systems. In the first stage, a deep neural network (DNN) is used to detect the instances of impulsivity. Then, the detected IN is blanked in the suppression stage to alleviate the harmful effects of outliers. Simulation results demonstrate the superior bit error rate (BER) performance of this approach relative to classic approaches such as blanking and clipping that use threshold to detect the IN. We demonstrate the robustness of the DNN-based approach under (i) mismatch between IN models considered for training and testing, and (ii) bursty impulsive environment when the receiver is empowered with interleaving techniques.


Its points out that the community project is a colony of many monomer projects,the project scale is big and always several times or even several dozens times of monomer project.This article unifies a certain community project to introduce the earlier period preparation of project,the quality and security civilization construct,and the management of progress,cost and risk control in construction stage,consequently to ensure engineering quality.


Background and purpose: Sleep plays a major role in maintaining health and improving academic performance and behavior in adolescents. Studies on the relationship between diet and sleep quality are not consistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between sleep quality and consumption of macronutrients and micronutrients in adolescents. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 319 individuals (10-18 years of age) selected by multistage random cluster sampling in Minoodar district, Qazvin, Iran 2010-2011 . Dietary pattern was assessed using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and information on food intake was obtained using Nutrition 4, Version 3.5.2. Sleep quality was assessed by BEARS questionnaire. Data analysis was performed applying T-test. Results: The research population included 162 (50.8%) females. The mean age of the participants was 15±2.43 years. Amon the cases studied 302 were found with low-quality sleep. There was no significant relationship between sleep quality and calorie, and intake of micronutrients and macronutrient (P>0.05). The mean intake of omega-3 fatty acids in subjects with good-quality sleep was higher than that in the subjects with low-quality sleep (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Appropriate intake of omega-3 fatty acid was associated with high-quality sleep. There was no relationship between sleep quality and consumption of micronutrients and macronutrients.


By ICP-MS with the third-generation Collision Cell Technology(CCT),trace selenium(Se)in natural mineral water for drinking was determined and analyzed.The internal standard was added online to correct the matrix effects and interface effects,and the Collision Cell Technology(CCT)was applied through the apparatus to eliminate the number of elements in the quality of interference.The calibration curve correlation coefficient was greater than 0.9995,the detection limit was 0.069 μg.L-1,the recovery was 94.5%-108.0%,and the relative standard deviation less than 10%(n=12.)


countries in the teaching of reading. Limited information on this subject has been available in sparse literature references, reports of brief visits to model classes, and some discussions with Chinese educators and educa tional planners, but little detail has been available about developmental reading methodology. In this article, I will discuss Chinese reading meth ods by describing a reading primer


Compaction quality control technology of high filled soil-stone embankment in hilly area is introduced.Relationships between number of rolling,compactness and rolling settlement are analyzed.In the end practical measures are proposed for compactness control based upon number of rolling,compactness and rolling settlement.


The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of job satisfaction and the mental health of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 498 health professionals participated on a voluntary basis. The variables investigated were: socio-demographic variables, work characteristics ((non-)change of job during the pandemic, (non-)stay in self-isolation, and working hours), and personal characteristics of the employees (resilience, burnout, mental health, job satisfaction, and (non-)change of job satisfaction during the pandemic). The results indicate that job satisfaction and mental health cannot be explained by the change in working conditions during the pandemic. Exhaustion was a negative predictor of job satisfaction and mental health, while the dimension of disengagement was a negative predictor of job satisfaction, and resilience was a positive predictor of mental health. The respondents whose job satisfaction increased during the pandemic had the longest working hours and worked more often with COVID-positive and suspicious patients. Respondents whose job satisfaction decreased during the pandemic had lower resilience, mental health and higher levels of burnout compared with those whose job satisfaction remained the same or increased.


Malaysian early education authorities have advocated for play-based learning in Malaysian classrooms in recent years. However, there is minimal recorded evidence of the state of play-based learning implementation in preschools. This study seeks to investigate the practice of play-based learning by three Chinese-ethnic teachers in a preschool. The choice of a case study is to enable a detailed examination of the intertwining relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice of play-based learning among the case study teachers. The findings obtained from three sets of self-report rating and observation point to a stronger influence of knowledge than attitude on the teachers' practice of play-based learning. Improved knowledge about play-based learning is critical for the Malaysian preschool teachers to apply play-based learning in their teaching practice. Without adequate knowledge in play-based learning, there is the risk that teachers will continue to perceive "play" and "learning" as two separate entities, and correspondingly believe that play has an adverse effect on learning.


An overview of the research activities of a university simulation laboratory is presented. The mission of the laboratory is to anticipate the design and to support the evaluation process of urban design projects from a perceptual viewpoint through the use of digital and physical models. We have research and educational purposes. Founded five years ago, the laboratory has implemented different simulation tools, often combining existing techniques and finding new applications of existing ones. In particular, we focused our interest on visual perception tools, investigating the use of physical models and digital ones, and combining them in different ways in order to enhance the experience offered by the perceptual simulation.


This chapter starts with an overview of the formation of scientific literacy historically and its relation to the concept of Bildung. A critical background is given of the main arguments and definitions of scientific literacy over the years. The review covers three main themes that have emerged more recently in Europe and internationally in discussions of a scientific literacy that transcends the learning merely of scientific concepts and scientific inquiry methods. These themes are 1) the dimension of normativity in human lives and the significance of values in learning science, (2) approaching science content primarily through various activities and learning science as the transformation of actions and habits, and 3) the significance of language use and communication in learning for a transcending science subject.


KonTraG and Basel II explicitly require enterprises to implement a risk management system including a forewarn function. Monitoring systems for technical infrastructure deliver basic data in the sense of this function, that can be used for IT-risk management. Yet, this data has to be processed and selected appropriately, in order to be applied for usage as risk indicators in a risk management system. On the basis of system monitoring this paper introduces a bottom-up approach, on which an IT-risk management system can be implemented. INTRODUCTION On May 1, 1998 a new German law called KonTraG became effective. The law was the response of the German legislator to numerous insolvencies worldwide, enforcing German executives ́ responsibility to take care of an adequate risk management system (BMJ 1997). Without defining specifically, how the risk management system should be designed, the minimum requirement is that risks are identified early enough, so action can be taken to avoid impending bankruptcy. Additionally, the risk management discussion is intensified through Basel II. Basel II, an internationally accepted board to develop directives for the banking industry, currently reforms the directives of risk provision. Therefore, banks will have to go beyond the perspective of credit risks, adding operative risks to the risk management portfolio (Basel II 2003, p. 10). Operative risks are defined as risks due to inadequacy or failure of internal procedures, human error, system breakdown or external events (Basel II 2003, p. 10). The basis to this paper is the assumption, that the methods for treatment of operative risks will develop rapidly (Basel II 2003, p. 10). Due to the common use of information systems to support business processes it becomes apparent that business informatics can contribute to the Basel II motivated discussion about treatment of operational risk. Since enterprises are increasingly dependent upon their technical information infrastructure, it is the task of business informatics to deliver the part of a risk management system which deals with accompanying IT-risks. FROM RISK TO RISK MANAGEMENT Objective and Risk Dimensions The term risk is defined diversely in literature (Wolf et al. 2001, p.22 et seq.). A common classification differentiates extensive-, decisionand information oriented definitions (Imboden 1983, p. 41). The extensive definitions see risk as the possible failure of an effort. Decision oriented definitions focus on whether a wrong decision imposes a risk to an enterprise, while information based approaches postulate that uncertainty, indeterminacy and incompleteness are responsible for arising risks. Extensive risk definitions serve as a basis for further examinations of the correlation between IT-risk indicators and the business processes supported by information systems. Zellmer defines risk as the possibility of not achieving objectives and such gives an apparent example of an extensive risk definition (Zellmer 1990, p. 12). The correlation between objectives and risks is visualized in fig. 1. Derived from the concept of the management pyramid (Horvath 1982, p. 368), the entrepreneurial objectives can be divided into strategic-, tacticaland operative ones. Strategic goals are of middleand long term orientation, are of little detail and form the superior objectives of an enterprise. Tactical objectives are of middlethrough short term orientation and provide a more detailed perspective (Staehle 1990, p. 72), whereas operative objectives give short term, specific and detailed instructions. It becomes apparent, that subordinate objectives help to achieve the superior objectives (Braun et al. 1999, p. 233). Objectives standing on the same level come in conflict or stand in complementaryor indifferent relation to one another. The correlation between objectives and risks is shown in fig. 1 and can be marked as symmetric in structure. Viewed as reversed image, the strategic-, tacticaland operative objectives are endangered by the corresponding risk dimensions. Strategies dealing with risks and their impacts respectively, can be of preventive or reactive nature. The earlier actions to cope with risks are taken, the lower is the effort needed to smooth a loss and the more options remain to influence the risk potential (BME 2000, p. 8). The concept of the risk reduction stairway categorizes the strategies (Gaulke 2000, p. 68 et seq.): Risk prevention means to avoid or to reduce activity to a minimum that carries a risk potential. Risk reduction tries to lower the likelihood of a damage or loss in terms of preventive steps. Risk restriction caps the possible impact of a loss. By insuring a risk or by outsourcing a service, Figure 1. Symmetry Between Objectives and Risks 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITP5206 IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This paper appears in Managing Modern Organizations Through Information Technology, Proceedings of the 2005 Information Resources Management Association International Conference, edited by Mehdi Khosrow-Pour. Copyright 2005, Idea Group Inc. Managing Modern Organizations With Information Technology 381 Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. risk is being relocated. The final strategy is to take on all residing risks in the cases, where they do not impose an existential risk to the enterprise. These strategies require that risks are known and weighted in accordance with their loss potential, so that preventive action is being coordinated in a balanced cost-/benefit ratio. Finally, adequate indicators have to be assigned in order to be able to early identify the risk potential. Business sciences summarize the steps of risk identification, measurement and treatment in a risk management circuit. The following section introduces selective steps within the risk management circuit, so the model to follow can be appropriately classified. Selective Parts of the Risk Management Circuit Risk Identification The aim of the risk identification step is to detect risks completely, quickly and at an early stage (Zellmer 1990, p. 26 et seq.). Additionally, risk identification has to be aligned with the objectives of an enterprise (KPMG 2000, p. 21). The specification, scale, description and timeframe more specifically describe an objective (see fig. 1). The individual dimension of an objective is opposed by a corresponding risk dimension (see fig. 1). If the dimensions, risk and objective are inscribed into a matrix, an overview is given which entrepreneurial objective is endangered by which risk (see fig. 2). Risk Treatment with Indicators The main task of risk controlling is to supply management information on present and potential risk (Lück 1998, p. 1929). By appointing indicators to risks, the task of alerting risk management in advance can be accomplished (Schmitting et al. 2003, p. 537). The relation between risk and indicator is suggested to be a 1:n relation (Schmitting 2003, p. 534). Thus, each risk may have one or more indicators. If more than one indicator is appointed to a risk this constellation is called indicator bundling. Within IT, n:m relationships between risks and indicators seem apparent, i.e., through indicator bundling one indicator is suitable for monitoring several risks. Indicators have to meet certain quality criteria, which are summarized in fig. 3. In addition, indicators have to be valid and reliable, demanding that they firstly measure the right values and secondly do so in an accurate manner. In order to be able to efficiently control risks, a target value and a corresponding tolerance has to be assigned to an indicator. This proceeding is derived from the controlling circuit (Horvath 1998, p. 12), where target and actual values are analyzed. If the actual value leaves the permitted corridor, action has to be taken to bring the system back onto path (Kütz 2003, p. 2 et seq.). Taking indicator bundling into consideration, the tolerated bandwidth has to be defined for the combination of different indicators. The limit can be exceeded if one, the majority or all indicators measure a critical value. Having focused on the general risk management process so far, the perspective is narrowed in order to explore, if IT-indicators derived from the monitoring of base and application systems are suitable for controlling IT-supported business processes. Basel II defines IT-risks being part of operative risks (see fig. 1). Thus, the next section will pick up the basics of IT-monitoring in order to be able to build a model for the risk management of IT-supported business processes. IT-MONITORING SUPPLYING INDICATORS Monitoring Concept and Objective Risk identification and treatment are the steps from the risk management circuit, to which monitoring of IT-systems can be assigned. Detecting critical system behavior in advance require for specific signaling indicators (Zimmermann 2003, p. 10). The increasing complexity demands to make use of monitoring tools, i.e., software which assists in monitoring the information systems. Monitoring Characteristics Monitoring methods can be separated into real-time and historical methods. Real-time monitoring, which is also referred to as event/fault monitoring, reports actual states. Service or system failure can be detected and reported (Clauß et al. 2003, p. 247). Historical monitoring generates statistics of system characteristics, like availability, utilization and operational capacity (Clauß et al. 2003, p. 246). A special form of real-time monitoring is the so called approximate real-time monitoring. The object is not being observed continually, but in certain time intervals (Zimmermann 2003, p. 11). This method is of advantage, if the observed object changes slowly over time. Monitoring Objects Hardware, software and


The existence of MSMEs has an influence on improving people's welfare which can provide many business opportunities for the community. However, MSMEs currently have weaknesses in marketing their products, moreover they are still carrying out a manual marketing strategy using the method of making brochures, pamphlets and promoting their products in several stores. At the present time it is not easy to do marketing, the lack of the role of internet technology which can hinder MSMEs in terms of marketing their products. So that the business can develop and get maximum results, of course the role of internet technology is also very important for MSMEs in developing their business products. One way is to build an information system with PHP and MySQL programming as database storage. The end result of this research is the advantage of an information system that is useful for the long term with the aim of facilitating online marketing and sales to be able to expand market reach.


In this thesis we discuss a framework for life-cycle construction. For the construction of life-cycles we use mean-variance optimization. Mean-variance optimization is a portfolio selection method used to find a combination of asset classes that has an optimal risk-return trade-off. We choose the replacement ratio, the pension income as fraction of labour income, as the quantity to be optimized. We find that using mean-variance optimization for the construction of deterministic life-cycles yields results that contradict conventional investment wisdom. It is mean-variance optimal to increase risk-taking as time passes, whereas conventional investment wisdom states that risk should decrease as time goes by. We introduce dynamic mean-variance optimization, where the asset allocation can adapt to changing circumstances, as an alternative to deterministic mean-variance optimization. We introduce an algorithm for dynamic mean-variance optimization of the replacement ratio, an extension of the dynamic mean-variance algorithm by Cong and Oosterlee. We show that dynamic mean-variance optimization can be used for life-cycle construction and that dynamic life-cycles outperform deterministic ones.


This letter proposes the multiscale domain gradient boosting-based approach for the automated recognition of imagined vowels using the multichannel electroencephalogram (MCEEG) signals. The multiscale analysis of the MCEEG signals is performed using multivariate automatic singular spectrum analysis and multivariate fast and adaptive empirical mode decomposition methods. The features such as bubble entropy, energy, slope domain entropy, sample entropy, and L1-norm are evaluated from the multiscale domain modes of the MCEEG signals. The extreme gradient boosting and light gradient boosting machine models are employed for imagined vowel recognition task as //a// versus //e// versus //i// versus //o// versus //u// using the multiscale domain features of the MCEEG signals. A publicly available MCEEG database has been used to test the performance of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach has achieved an overall accuracy of 51.47%, which is higher as compared to other imagined vowel recognition methods using the same database comprising the MCEEG signals.


Traces the ontogenetic development of some 15 species of fossil echinoids, giving the details of the various stages of growth.


Particle science and technology evolve toward ever increasing complexity with respect to the multidimensional particle properties of size, shape, surface, internal structure, and composition. In this study, the theoretical background is elaborated for multidimensional particle size distributions (PSDs) by transferring the concepts known from 1D size distributions to anisotropic particles comprising at least two different length dimensions, e.g., nanorods and platelets. After introducing 2D PSDs, the calculation of differently weighted probability density functions including their interconversion is presented. This is necessary in order to compare data resulting from different measurement techniques which probe different physical properties and thus provide differently weighted PSDs. In addition, it is shown how 1D distributions with reduced content of information can be deduced from 2D PSDs. As a proof‐of‐concept and for illustration purposes, this approach is applied to a 2D Gaussian size distribution. Furthermore, a generalized scheme is suggested which outlines the conversion of number, surface, and volume weighted densities within the 2D space. The application of these methods to the more general n‐dimensional case is straightforward.


Increased plastic pollution has begun to affect aquatic environments from oceans to freshwater streams with little signs of it slowing down since plastics are a cheap and durable resource to use for manufacturing. Due to increased plastic material waste in natural aquatic ecosystems, fish are threatened by the natural break down of these plastics into sizes and molecules that can be easily ingested and absorbed by tissue. When plastics are broken down and are present in the water, the absorption of these molecules becomes less regulated by tissue. Most of the studies regarding plastic effects at this point in time on aquatic organisms are focused on the transfer of plastic particles through generation. We hypothesized that polystyrene nanoplastic (PS NP) particles on Carassius auratus are incorporated through the nose to the brain, dampening olfaction and compromising several physiological responses associated with the sense of smell. We analyzed the physiological effect PS NPs have on the brain and olfactory system of C. auratus. After the fish were exposed to Nanocs 20 nm Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled PS NPs in water for 24 hours in a dark aquarium, or injected directly in the nose, several organs were dissected. The brain, nose, intestines, kidney, liver, and gills were all snap frozen, mounted in OCT and immediately cut at 20 μm on a cryotome before organs were viewed with fluorescent microscopy. PS NP fluorescence was observed mainly in the nose, brain and intestines while the other organs are still in the process of being analyzed. Accumulation of nanoparticles in the brain was stronger in hypothalamic and olfactory bulb areas. Behavioral and electrophysiology studies of olfactory function after nanoplastic exposure are under development to more closely look at the direct possible effects that nanoplastic materials in the brain might have on behavior. The observed fluorescence supported the existence and ability of PS NPs to infiltrate nervous tissues in C. auratus and points to a possible interference with the sense of smell.


quasi-linear equations of evolution in nonreflexive Banach spaces Nobuhiro SANEKATA (Received January 20, 1988) Introduction In [7] T. Kato established the existence of classical solutions to the abstract quasi-linear equations of the form du(t)/dt + A{t, u(t))u(t) = /(ί, u(ή), 0 < t < Γ, I L i J and applied his theory to a wide variety of problems from mathematical physics. In his theory two reflexive Banach spaces X and Y are used in such a way that Y is continuously and densely embedded in X, the solution u(t) of (CP) lies in some open subset W of Y and du(t)/dt is found in X. The reflexivity of X (and hence that of Y) is essential for the theory, and it is important from the theoretical point of view to eliminate this restriction for the spaces X and Y. Furthermore, in order to apply the theory to partial differential equations in suitable function spaces, it is required to extend this theory to the case of nonreflexive Banach spaces. The first purpose of the present paper is to establish an existence theorem for the classical solutions of (CP) in a pair of general Banach spaces X =D Y. We shall show that the solutions are continuous in 7-norm and continuously differentiable in X. In order to construct such solutions, we employ the following type of difference approximation of (CP): Uk + A(tk,uk)uAt) = f(tk,uk), ί k < ί < ί k + 1 , 0 < f c < N l , where A:0 = t0 < ίx < ••• < tN = T is a partition of the interval [0, T] and uk = uΛ(tk). This approach is one of the main features of our argument. In case the operators A(t, w) and /(ί, w) are independent of t and of the form A(w) and /(w), it was proved in [14] that for any initial value aeW, one finds a T > 0 such that the solution uΔ of (D) exists in W, and that {uΔ} converges in X to a unique weak solution (in the sense of [13]) of (CP) as \Δ\ = max (tk — ffc.J-^O. In this ί-independent case the proof of the convergence of {uΛ(t)}


ObjectiveTo evaluate the significance of p16,CDK4,cyclinD1 protein expression and their relationship in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesion.MethodsThe S-P immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of p16,CDK4,cyclinD1 in gastric carcinoma,atypical hyperplasia,chronic superficial gastritis and normal gastric mucosa.ResultsThe positive expression rate of p16 protein in gastric carcinoma was 52.7%,which was significantly lower than those in normal gastric mucosa,chronic superficial gastritis and atypical hyperplasia (P0.01).In contrast,the positive expression rates of CDK4 and cyclinD1 protein in gastric carcinoma were 61.8% and 47.3% respectively,which were significantly higher than those in normal gastric mucosa,chronic superficial gastritis and mild atypical hyperplasia(P0.01).The positive expression rates of CDK4 and cyclinD1 protein had no difference between gastric carcinoma and moderate-severe atypical hyperplasia.There was a negative relationship between p16 and cyclinD1(P0.05),but a positive between CDK4 and cyclinD1(P0.01).ConclusionAbnormality of many genes in the regulatory pathway of p16,CDK4,cyclinD1 may be involved in the molecular mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis and related to the Lauren′s types,the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis.The over expression of CDK4 and cyclinD1 may be a early molecular event in gastric carcinogenesis.


The invention provides a method for controlling the sedimentation of ground outside a foundation pit through horizontal grouting. According to the method, horizontal sealed tubes are embedded in a diaphragm wall in advance when the diaphragm wall is constructed; during the foundation pit excavation process, when the ground sediments greatly, in the positions, where the sealed tubes are embedded in advance or in the preset grouting positions of support pile seams, a grouting pipe is horizontally embedded in soil in an active region, and then horizontal grouting is performed from the interior of the foundation pit to the soil in the active region outside the foundation pit. According to the invention, horizontal grouting is performed from inside to outside of the foundation pit, so that ground loss of the active region can be compensated, and the sedimentation of soil outside the foundation pit can be reduced; in addition, the horizontal pipes are embedded in advance, and real-time and layered horizontal grouting can be performed according to the conditions of sedimentation of the soil outside the foundation pit and the foundation pit excavation working condition, so that the sedimentation of ground outside the foundation pit can be effectively controlled in real time.


Abstract To study the effect of tuned head group polarity on physicochemical properties of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide has been studied by conductance, surface tension and viscosity measurements. The critical micelle concentration was determined by conductance and surface tension measurements. Conductance measurement data was used to compute critical micelle concentration, average degree of micelle ionization and thermodynamic parameter of micellization. Surface tension data were further used to determine the surface excess concentration, minimum area per molecule at air-water interface. The decrease in effective Gibb's free energy with increase in head group polarity indicates that the micellization process is more favored over adsorption at the air-water interface. The intrinsic viscosity and hydration of micelle were observed to increase with increase in head group polarity and decrease with increase in temperature.


The contractile response to endothelin has been examined in cerebral arteries from rats subjected to a prior subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and compared with saline injected controls. Endothelin elicited strong concentration-dependent contraction of rat basilar artery segments. The response was slow in onset and long lasting. The endothelin-induced contraction was much stronger in the SAH compared to control animals. Our findings suggest a role of the peptide in the pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm.


To investigate the fundamental principles of H2 formation in a giant molecular cloud, we derive the H i and H2 surface density (ΣH i and ΣH2) images of the Perseus molecular cloud on sub-pc scales (∼0.4 pc). We use the far-infrared data from the Improved Reprocessing of the IRAS Survey and the V-band extinction image provided by the COMPLETE Survey to estimate the dust column density image of Perseus. In combination with the H i data from the Galactic Arecibo L-band Feed Array H i Survey and an estimate of the local dust-to-gas ratio, we then derive the ΣH2 distribution across Perseus. We find a relatively uniform ΣH i∼ 6–8 M☉ pc−2 for both dark and star-forming regions, suggesting a minimum H i surface density required to shield H2 against photodissociation. As a result, a remarkably tight and consistent relation is found between ΣH2/ΣH i and ΣH i + ΣH2. The transition between the H i- and H2-dominated regions occurs at N(H i) + 2N(H2) ∼ (8–14) × 1020 cm−2. Our findings are consistent with predictions for H2 formation in equilibrium, suggesting that turbulence may not be of primary importance for H2 formation. However, the importance of a warm neutral medium for H2 shielding, an internal radiation field, and the timescale of H2 formation still remain as open questions. We also compare H2 and CO distributions and estimate the fraction of "CO-dark" gas, fDG ∼ 0.3. While significant spatial variations of fDG are found, we do not find a clear correlation with the mean V-band extinction.


Objective: To analyze nurses' conceptions of primary care management. Methodology: This is a descriptive exploratory field study with a qualitative approach, aiming to contemplate the objectives presented in this research. It was held in the city of Uiraúna-PB with five nurses who work in the Family Health Strategy. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire containing questions of characterization of professionals and specific questions about their knowledge about management in primary care. Data interpretation and analysis followed a qualitative content analysis procedure, according to Bardin's content analysis technique. The research met the criteria of Resolution 410/2012, which deals with studies involving beings and the Santa Maria College Ethics and Research Committee, approved with CAAE n ° 25008619.7.0000.5180. Results: It was evidenced that primary care professionals have a foundation scientific knowledge and prior knowledge on the subject of management in Primary Care, but the divergence of definitions and opinions which makes the work performed differently by each professional. Conclusion: Professionals were very accessible and knowledgeable about the issue in question. , recognize that it is not an easy function and that much remains to be done, there are still many impasses that insist on perpetuating over the years, either structural, or professional training and commitment. One of the challenges of nursing is to reconcile humanized care with management functions, as they must walk together and associated to provide quality service to users.


A method for the breakaway support post fence, the column comprising a column member and the lower member. The upper column member and the lower column member stacked and arranged so that the axis about the axial impact in a direction extending from the upper column member and the lower column member non-rotatably with respect to each other. In one embodiment, the tension fasteners extending in the axial direction of the impact, and connecting the superimposed portions on the post member and the pillar member. Shear fasteners extend in the transverse direction of the axial impact in another embodiment, and the column is the only connection between the member and the pillar member. In yet another aspect, when the fence assembly comprises a first section and a second cross bar cross bar section, wherein when the first section of the cross bar with respect to the second cross bar section is moved so that the deformation member a first cross bar section deformed. The present invention further provides a method of assembling and using the fence assembly.


This paper presents an improved version of bit-interleaved turbo-coded modulation (BITCM) scheme designed for bandwidth efficient transmission over wireless channels. The proposed scheme consists to apply signal space diversity (SSD) to conventional BITCM and a rotated modulation. At the receiver side, an iterative demapping and decoding is proposed in order to optimize the error performance. Simulation results carried out on 2 bit/s/Hz 64QAM BITCM indicate that is possible to obtain a gain exceeding 0.5 dB at a BER = 10 compared to the classical 64-QAM BITCM scheme. It is also shown that, the error floor can be significantly lowered using SSD technique at a little cost in terms of system's complexity. [Afshin Shaabany, Fatemeh Jamshidi. Bit-Interleaved Turbo-Coded over Wireless Channels. Journal of American Science 2011;7(3):533-537]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.


The survey and development tendency of shoe-used adhesive were summarized,and the research,production and application situation of shoe-used polyurethane(PU) adhesive were described mainly.


Two ways have been explored to impart to nanosize self-assembled colloidal particles the ability to assemble further into clusters: the first one relies on coordination chemistry and the second relies on non-uniform charge distribution. Scattering experiments have been analyzed either in terms of effective potential to determine the amplitude and range the short range attractive contribution, or in terms of aggregation number of the resulting clusters. Mixed surfactant micelles have been functionalized by chelating groups, using specifically designed complexing surfactants. Functionnalizing the micelles in such a way first enhances the repulsive interactions, but those are switched to attractive ones in the presence of coordination centers such as aluminum cations. This is revealed by the strong increase of scattering intensity at low q. A square well potential allows accounting for the structure factor of such systems. The range of attractive interaction depends solely on the molecular size of the complexing surfactant, while the concentration of coordination centers and the pH determine the depth of the well, probably through the condensation state of the polycations. Increassing attraction leads to clusters with aggregation numbers up to 12, before reaching the stability limit of the system.Patchy charged nano-sized particles have been designed by doping initially neutral micro-emulsion droplets by gemini type cationic surfactants. Three-charge and four-charge surfactants with either linear or branched polar backbone have been used as dopants. Bromide specific potentiometry reveals higher counter-ions condensation on patchy charged colloids. The structure factors of these patchy charged micro-emulsions suggest that peculiar distributions of charges induce short range attraction inducing clustering with aggregation number up to 6 with monovalent couter-ions but that could be increase using divalent ones.Both approaches show that supracolloidal colloidal clusters are certainly accessible through assembling strategies at equilibrium, but it certainly requires fine control on the antagonistic interactions involved.


With the early maturing japonica rice cultivar and post-expansion of the area with an increase in fat,especially in direct seeding rice,seeding with machine and etc.The rapid development of Yangzhou City in rice delayed maturity,harvest Tengcha growing late,late sowing of wheat growing area,to bring certain impact on wheat production.In recent years,through the night to track wheat stubble field surveys and studies,the initial formation of 450 kg/667 m2 of high-yielding cultivation techniques.


This work is concerned with accurate and precise long-range depth estimation by filtering sequences of images. We investigate the problem with both stationary and mobile cameras. We find that with normally distributed sensor noise the non-linear properties of stereo triangulation, either from a motion baseline or from a stereo rig, can lead to statistically biased range estimates. In the static camera case we develop two novel filters to overcome this: a second order Gauss-Newton filter, and an Iterated Sigma Point Kalman filter. For the moving sensor case we develop a sliding window filter for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping that concentrates computational resources on accurately estimating the immediate spatial surroundings by using a sliding time window of the most recent sensor measurements. The sliding window method exhibits many interesting properties, like reversible data association, constant time complexity during exploration, and robust estimation across multiple timesteps. Importantly, the sliding window filter has the potential to approximate the batch estimator in terms of optimality and efficiency. To this end we demonstrate convergence results using real and simulated image data.


In this article, we describe a lesson study process aimed at examining and refining division of fractions experiences with pre-service teachers. Through a deliberate, research-based design process, the authors constructed a lesson focused on explicating the nature and mechanics of the traditional fraction division algorithm; however, implementation revealed unexpected yet powerful mathematical experiences that existed aside from the primary lesson goals. Specifically, pre-service teachers experienced significant disequilibrium regarding the shifting nature of "the whole" when working on a particular subset of lesson tasks. The authors describe their design process, implementation, and present several conclusions gleaned from this experience.


Titanium and its alloys have excellent specific strength and corrosion resistance. However, they have a high initial cost and high machining cost, and poor wear resistance. Therefore, both factors should be considered in order to reduce the cost and improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy parts. Powder metallurgy (PM) has been taken into account for lowering the their costs. Titanium alloys reinforced with ceramic particle improves their wear resistance and hardness. In this study, we focus on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of TiC or B4C reinforced Ti-6Al-4V composites by using spark plasma sintering. The volume fraction of the reinforcement from 0 to 19.9 vol. %. The tensile strength of TiC/ and B4C/Ti-6Al-4V had 1058MPa (14.9 vol. % TiC) and 1095MPa (1.7 vol. % B4C), respectively. Vickers harnesses of TiC/ and B4C/Ti-6Al-4V increased with increase in the volume fraction of the reinforcement. The wear resistance of B4C/Ti-6Al-4V exhibited superior to that of TiC/Ti-6Al-4V.


Objective: To study the treatment strategies of the pineal region tumors.Methods: Fifty-eight cases of pineal region tumors treated from December 2003 to December 2007 were divided into two groups according to the tumor markers(α-fetoprotein,AFP and β human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG-β) and a retrospective analysis was performed on clinical feature,methods and efficacy of treatments.Results:There were 36 patients without elevations of AFP and hCG-β serum levels.Of these patients,27 cases were treated by surgery and 9 treated by γ-knife surgery(GKS)[5 of them were given ventriculoperitoneal iv-β shunts].Four patients who were germinomas underwent GKS as a adjuvant treatment.3 were given V-P shunt because of postoperative obstructive hydrocephalus.Twenty-two patients with AFP or hCG-β elevated were treated by GKS(17 cases were shunted).After GKS,3 patients underwent open surgery due to the symptoms unchanged.In our series,transcallosal interforniceal approaches were proformed in 24 patients,occipital transtentorial approaches on 4 patients and the infratentorial supracerebellar approaches in 2 patients.A total tumor removal of the tumors were achieved in 24 operations,subtotal in 5 and partial in 1.One patient died after the operation in the period of hospitalization.Histologically they belonged to eight groups of tumors:the germinoma-14,teratoma-5,central neurocytoma-4,ependymocytoma-2,epidermoid cyst-2,meningioma-1,glioma-1 and dermoid cyst-1.After radiation therapy,28 patients improved obviously in clinical symptoms in three months later and 4 patients remained kept the tumors unchanged and 3 were enlarged in the follow-up period.In 2 cases,a spread of tumor to the saddle area developed despite the radiation therapy was given to the pineal lesions.Conclusion:Pineal tumors have a varying histology,a rational therapeutic regimen should be chosen as soon as possible after a histologic verification of the tumor was identified.


This Director of Public Health report focuses on the key public health challenges within our population and the priority actions to address these challenges.


Abstract Pectic polysaccharides (HP, RP) were extracted from Mongolia hawthorn berries and from rhubarb stalks by hot aqueous oxalic acid treatment. Both polysaccharides contained approximately 78% of galacturonate. HP displayed a low degree of esterification (DE) and arabinose/galactose molar ratio 1.7:1. RP was higher in DE and contained these sugars in a molar ratio 0.5:1. Rhamnose, fucose, xylose, glucose, mannose, 2-O-methylxylose, and 2-O-methylfucose were found in lower amounts. Results from 13C NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis indicated the presence of branched arabinans, (1−>4)-and (1−>3,6)-linked galactans and hemicelluloses of the xylan and glucan types. The pectins differed in theirmolecular properties. HP exhibited a low molecular weight (M W = 45,000), whereas RP had a broad M W-distribution with M W= 360,000. Independently of these differences, the binding capacity of both pectins towards divalent cations was influenced by the DE only and increased in the order: Ca2+ < Cd2+ < Pb2+ ...


Hong Lei, Lian‐Ze Wang and Zi‐Niu Wu presented new simple and convenient solutions of the magnetic field for an arbitrary geometry coil with rectangular cross section. They treated two types of basic forms: the trapezoidal prism segment and curved prism segment. The curved prism segment has been divided into a series of small trapezoidal prism segments with the same cross section and its magnetic field is a vector sum of the individual fields created by each small trapezoidal prism conductor. For one trapezoidal prism conductor the magnetic field is obtained by 1‐D integrals using Romberg numerical integration. In this paper, we give a completely analytical solution of these 1‐D integrals that considerably saves the computational time especially in the computation of the magnetic field nearby the conductor surface, at the conductor surface and inside the conductor. From obtained analytical expressions the treatment of singularities can be easily done. Also, we tested four types of numerical integration (Gaussian, Romberg, Simpson and Lobatto) to find the most convenient singularity treatment of 1‐D integrals. These obtained results are compared with those obtained analytically so that one can understand the advantage of the proposed approach. The paper points out on the accuracy and the computational cost. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article presents the technology of education of emotional sympathy of the younger students: objectives, which must be solved by technology; pedagogical result, which is supposed to be received; step-by-step activity of students; stages of pedagogical support the activities of the students.


1. Formation Unit and Research of Biological Sciences, Departement of Animal Biology, University Péléforo Gon Coulibaly of Korhogo BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire. 2. University Nangui Abrogoua, Formation Unit and Research of Nature Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Animal Cytology, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 31 October 2020 Final Accepted: 30 November 2020 Published: December 2020


Evaluation of: Kanasaki K, Palmsten K, Sugimoto H et al. Deficiency in catechol-O-methyltransferase and 2-methoxyoestradiol is associated with pre-eclampsia. Nature 453 (7198), 1117–1121 (2008).Despite recent advances in the understanding of dysregulation of placenta-derived anti-angiogenic factors in preeclampsia, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disorder remain elusive. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) generates 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) in the human placenta and has been shown to have decreased activity in the placenta in severe preeclampsia. Kanasaki and colleagues performed a series of experiments in a Comt-/- mouse model, showing that decreased COMT activity and subsequent decreased 2-ME levels resulted in the clinical, histologic and molecular changes characteristic of preeclampsia. Furthermore, both the preeclampsia-like clinical features and characteristic angiogenic abnormalities completely resolved in rescue experiments with 2-ME. In addition, circulating levels of 2-ME were lower in ei...


The effect of pressure on the protein aggregation is shown in this paper. Deposition of insoluble protein aggregates is one of the key factors in the conformational diseases. Pressure counteracts the formation of intermolecular g -structure. Already slight pressurization to typically 2-3 kbar can destabilize aggregates of apo-horseradish peroxidase. On the other hand, the chaperone proteins, which prevent aggregation of damaged proteins exist in big oligomers. We show that pressure treatment of these aggregates changes the chaperone activity.


The newly discovered excited states of Li/sup -/ are examined from a many-body point of view. Our result for the /sup 5/S/sup o/ lifetime includes the contribution of radiative autoionization. This removes one-third of the previous discrepancy between theory (our value = 2.7 ns) and experiment ( = 2.3 ns). The first predictions of the hyperfine structures (hfs) of the Li/sup -/ /sup 5/S/sup o/ and /sup 5/P states are made, and the change in the hfs parameters as p electrons are removed is studied.


Beams of alkali metal atoms and ozone molecules at high dilution in argon were condensed on a tilted copper wedge at 16°K and were examined by argon and krypton plasma laser excitation. Very intense bands shifted 1010 cm−1 below the exciting lines showed small alkali metal effects and appropriate oxygen‐18 shifts for assignment to the v1 symmetric oxygen‐oxygen mode of the ozonide ion in the M+O3− species. The intense fundamental and a regular progression of overtones out to 4v1 suggest that these spectra are probably due to the resonance Raman effect. Vibrational analysis for six isotopic ozonide species produced the oxygen‐oxygen force constant 4.18 ± 0.11 mdyn/A. The spectroscopic value for the heat of atomization of the ozonide ion calculated from the vibrational constants ω1 = 1028.2 cm−1 and X11 = 4.95 cm−1 for Cs+O3− is 153 kcal/mole, which agrees well with the thermodynamic value.


The Freedom of Contract Law enacted on April 10, 1834, was the first free market law enacted in Venezuela, by the conservative government of Jose Antonio Paez and repealed under the liberal influence of the government of Jose Tadeo Monagas. This law affected interests and privileges of the power groups, although it had positive effects, increasing the supply of funds and reducing the market interest rate, as a result of free competition. This law was repealed by the effects of the negative shock on international coffee prices, which resulted in an inability of exporters to pay for debt and risk, among other consequences. The objective of this work is to analyze the Law of April 10, 1834 and its effects on the economic and political reality of Venezuela.


A LIGBT (lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor) structure, called the segmented-anode LIGBT, is presented and analyzed. The anode structure responsible for the injection of minority carriers for conductivity modulation is implemented using segments of p/sup +/ and n/sup +/ diffusion along the device width. This minimizes the forward bias of the p/sup +/ injector during device turn-off, resulting in higher switching speed compared to the shorted-anode LIGBT. Since the n/sup +/ region required for electron extraction is implemented along the device width and consumes only a small amount of area, a reduction in device size is also achieved. The switching speed and reduced device size result in better tradeoff between on-resistance and turn-off time compared with other LIGBTs. Two-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the operation and characteristics of the structure, and the experimental inductive and resistive switching characteristics of the structure are discussed. >


This article explores the relationship between optimal control and Cosserat beam theory from the perspective of solving the forward and inverse dynamics (and statics as a subcase) of continuous manipulators and snake-like bioinspired locomotors. By invoking the principle of minimum potential energy and the Gauss principle of least constraint, it is shown that the quasi-static and dynamic evolutions of these robots are the solutions of optimal control problems in the space variable, which can be solved at each step (of loading or time) of a simulation with the shooting method. In addition to offering an alternative viewpoint on several simulation approaches proposed in the recent past, the optimal control viewpoint allows us to improve some of them while providing a better understanding of their numerical properties. The approach and its properties are illustrated through a set of numerical examples validated against a reference simulator.


The Fermilab electron cooling project requires low transverse electron velocities (both coherent and incoherent) in the solenoidal cooling section. One of the possible reasons for an increase of these velocities is aberrations introduced by optical elements in the axially symmetric portion of the beam channel (first of all, in the acceleration tube) preceding the cooling section. Most of these optical elements can be treated as thin lenses so that the aberrations can be characterized by an increase of an effective beam emittance as a function of the beam radius in this element. The goal of this note is to formulate a method that would allow to correctly estimate these aberrations in the presence of linear coupling and a non-zero longitudinal magnetic field at the cathode. This is of particular interest for electron beam simulation programs that are employed to optimize beam transport in the presence of a varying longitudinal magnet field.


In this paper we study the interplay existing between completeness of financial markets with infinitely many risky assets and extremality of equivalent martingale measures. In particular, we obtain a version of the Douglas- Naimark Theorem for a dual system ‹X, Y› of locally convex topological real vector spaces equipped with the weak topology σ(X, Y), and we apply it to the space L∞ with the topology σ(L∞, Lp) for p≥1. Thanks to these results, we obtain a condition equivalent to the market completeness and based on the notion of extremality of measures, which allows us to give new and simpler proofs of the second fundamental theorems of asset pricing. Finally, we discuss also the completeness of a slight generalization of the Artzner and Heath example.


He also agreed that Government policy in regard to automation should be a selective one and should ensure social good." Members are aware of the various steps taken since August 1964 to allay the fears of the employees and I would not recount them again. I would add that though recently I have made it known to the employees that if they continue to have any doubt on the assurance about no retrenchment which has been repeatedly given to them, the Corporation would be prepared to enter into with them a legally enforceable agreement to assure that there would be no retrenchment. The broad procedure suggested by the Indian Labour Conference to smoothen the progress of rationalisation implies the acceptance of the decision to rationalise and to jointly implement step by FOLLOWING is the text of the speech given by Shri M R Ruia at the Ninth Annual General Meeting of the Company hold on 31st August.


A theoretical investigation on acoustic wave propagation in a periodically stubbed waveguide is reported. In general the waveguide segments and stubs are made of different materials. The acoustic wave in such a system has two independent polarizations: out‐of‐plane and in‐plane modes. The band structure and transmission spectrum are studied for diverse geometries using a simple and efficient version of the transfer‐matrix method. For the same material between the waveguide and symmetric stubs the width of some gaps can change, upon varying the stub length or width, by more than one order of magnitude. A further modulation can be achieved for different material between the stubs and the main waveguide or if the stubs are asymmetric. The gaps in the band structure of an infinitely long system correspond to those in the transmission spectrum of the same system but with finite number n of units. For n finite (i) there exist pseudogaps that gradually turn into complete gaps with increasing n and (ii) the intro...


The technical developments of marine diesel engine during more than 20 years are summarized.The affecting factors,significant technologies and developing trend for marine diesel engine are described.Some suggestions are made for developing marine diesel engine in China.


In order to achieve shockless grid connection of the wind generator with high-capacity,the article presents double integral sliding mode control strategy based on the reference value of the current of the rotor.This is done by analyzing the operation behavior of variable speed constant frequency(VSCF) wind power generation based on doubly fed induction generator.This control strategy has quickly dynamic response and strong robustness for grid voltage fluctuation and the variation of motor parameters.Also,the control strategy avoids the impact to the grid caused by the inaccurate stator flux linkage testing.The results of the study show that the method in this paper is effective.


The internal bremsstrahlung spectrum which accompanies the electron capture decay of {sup 139}Ce to the first excited state of {sup 139}La has been measured in coincidence with the nuclear gamma ray which deexcites that state. The measured intensity above 42 keV is found to be (1.070{plus_minus}0.024) times that predicted by the recent calculations of Suri{acute c} {ital et} {ital al}. The {ital Q}{sub EC} value is found to be 264.6{plus_minus}2.0 keV. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Title: High performance management and their impact on business results: the case of Uruguay and Argentina The main objective of the study is to identify which high-performance management practices have the greatest impact on business results. Using de Waal model, 56 executives from Uruguayan and 30 Argentine companies were interviewed, analyzing which practices prioritize, the progress in their implementation and their results. It is found that, regardless of the country, the characteristics of the company and of the executive, the practices related to continuous improvement and renewal have a greater impact on the essential results (profitability, income, growth). It is verified that, although the more a practice is prioritized, the better it is implemented, the results are significantly related to the progress in the implementation reaffirming the importance of the execution capacity.


Background & Objectives: Endotracheal intubation (ETI) in usually required during general anesthesia, but has some complications associated with it. Prevention of these complications is essential for patient satisfaction. This study aimed to compare the effects of topical lidocaine gel and tramadol gel on complications of ETI. Methodology: In this clinical trial, 200 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into five groups. The endotracheal tube cuffs were applied different gels in the following order: Group P with 1 ml of a neutral gel, Group T1 with 1 ml of 2.5% tramadol gel, Group T2 with 1 ml of 5% tramadol gel, and Group L with 1 ml of 2% lidocaine gel. In the fifth group (Group C) no gel was used. At the end of the anesthesia, the incidence of bucking, coughing, laryngospasm and/or bronchospasm, and the intensity of sore throat were recorded and compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and Chi-square, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The significance level of tests was considered as p < 0.05. Results: The use of 5% tramadol gel and lidocaine gel reduced the incidence of coughing (p = 0.004), but there was no significant difference between these two kinds of gels (p = 0.108). No cases of laryngospasm were observed. There was no significant difference between the incidence of sore throat, bucking, and bronchospasm in five groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that 5% tramadol gel decreases the incidence of coughing caused by the ETI and its impact rate is the same as with 2% lidocaine gel. But both gels don't have a significant effect on the incidence of bucking, sore throat, and bronchospasm.


The growing complexity of optimization problems in distributed systems (DSs) has motivated computer scientists to strive for efficient approaches. This paper presents a novel cooperative algorithm inspired by chaos–order transition in a chaotic ant swarm (CAS). This work analyzes the basic dynamic characteristics of a DS in light of a networked multiagent system at microlevel and models a mapping from state set to self-organization mechanism set under the guide of system theory at macrolevel. A collaborative optimization algorithm (COA) in DS based on the chaos–order transition of CAS is then devised. To verify the validity of the proposed model and algorithm, we solve a locality-based task allocation in a networked multiagent system that uses COA. Simulations show that our algorithm is feasible and effective compared with previous task allocation approaches, thereby illustrating that our design ideas are correct.


The double space vector modulation of matrix converter was expounded in this paper, and the detailed mathematical derivation of the method was carried on. Double space vector modulation improvement strategy was proposed so the modulation process was optimized. Finally using Matlab/Simulink software verified the validity and feasibility of the improvement strategy. It's very helpful to the realization of matrix converter prototype.


The Drainage Integrated Analytical Framework (DRAINFRAME) was developed by the World Bank's Agriculture and Rural Development Department to look at and act upon agricultural drainage from an integrated natural resources management perspective. The approach has been field‐tested in three World Bank‐funded projects: an irrigation improvement project in Egypt, a problems and opportunities assessment in relation to Pakistan's national drainage master plan, and a strategic assessment of a public–private partnership project for surface water supply to a desert region in Egypt. The latter study paved the way for a fully fledged environmental and social impact assessment. The cases provide useful lessons on the proper timing of the DRAINFRAME assessment, the role of public participation, and the influence that a proper and timely assessment can have on further development of water resources management plans. The paper links the DRAINFRAME approach to Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), an increasingly common tool to assess the potential social, economic and environmental consequences of policies, plans and programmes in an early and more effective manner. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Isabella Nova is Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Department of Energy, Politecnico of Milan, Italy. Isabella Nova's research work is focused on the study of environmental catalytic processes, including Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by NH3 and Diesel Particulate filters for the removal of soot, and on new processes for the production of clean energy, such as the photocatalytic water splitting. She has co-authored over 100 publications on national and international journals in the fields of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Heterogeneous Catalysis, and has three national and international patents.


Cervical facet fracture-dislocations can be challenging to treat. If not treated appropriately or timely or if a fracture is missed, instability and further neurologic compromise may occur. This article reviews the most recent literature on the treatment of these injuries, examining the newest in imaging and up-to-date recommendations on reduction and stabilization.


Conventional antenna charging theory predicts that the net current drawn from a plasma glow discharge is proportional to the charge collecting area of the antenna. However, by correlating straightforward oxide breakdown statistics with typical yield data of antenna testers, we reveal a much weaker than proportional Antenna Ratio (AR) dependence. We observe this anomalous dependence both in our own as well as in yield data published by others. The data are originating from various process modules and plasma sources, from technologies with gate oxide thickness ranging from 8 nm down to 2.8 nm. The less than proportional AR dependence implies that extrapolation of large AR test structure results to predict small AR circuit behavior is not as straight-forward as previously thought.


Contrary to popular belief, generators can fail - not only from short circuits - but also from abnormal electrical conditions such as overexcitation, overvoltage, loss-of-field, and unbalanced currents. When subjected to these abnormal conditions, damage or complete failure of the generator can occur within seconds. In many cases, these failures can be prevented by proper generator protection.


The X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus. X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis device according to the invention is, X- ray generating the X- ray generation unit, rotatably installed to the specimen provided analysis chamber, generated by the X- ray generation unit that is within the X- by converting the collimating the X- ray to be installed to enable positioning and rotation along the line collimator for collimating an emitting direction of the line of the X- X- ray single wavelength monochromator for reflecting toward the sample, the and a detector for detecting energy which has passed through the Analyzer and the Analyzer energy for measuring the kinetic energy of a given electron emitted from the specimen by the X- ray of a single electron wave.


This new commission serve as a resource for the faculty, staff and students in their respective responsibilities to meet the college's goal to be inclusive


Nowadays in Ukraine there are a lot of grades of gasoline fuels of premium class. Appearance and development of such fuels is characterized by such reasons as: increase service life of engines, improvement of fuel properties, decrease fuel consumption, decrease harmful emissions in atmosphere.


Dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, thymol and thymoquinone, compounds derived from N. sativa seeds, were investigated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities using cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2) assays. Our results show that all substances tested possess significant inhibitory activity against at least one COX form at concentrations comparable to the active one of indomethacin. Thymol was the most active against COX-1 with an IC (50) value of 0.2 microM while thymohydroquinone and thymoquinone exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on COX-2 with IC (50) values of 0.1 and 0.3 microM, respectively. Moreover, dithymoquinone and thymoquinone showed a limited COX-2-specific inhibition. We conclude that dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, thymol and thymoquinone can participate in the general anti-inflammatory activity of N. sativa and suggest that these agents should be further studied for possible use as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.


Processing fruits become candied is an attempt to improve the shelf life on the fruit, because a lot of fruit in a time of save suffered damage or corruption. The purpose of this research was to know there is a difference between vitamin C levels of fresh fruit that have not been processed and once processed into candied wet.
This research uses the 3 variations of the concentration of sugar solution 30%, 40% and 50%. Average levels of vitamin C in this study were analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry at 265 nm wavelength. Average levels of vitamin C were obtained were analyzed using Anova test and T test (Paired sample t-test).
Based on the results of the examination of the levels of vitamin C in fruit fresh papaya, mango, kedondong and salak has been obtained that the average levels of vitamin C in a row is 7.33 mg/100 g; 3.54 mg/100 g; 3.32 mg/100 g; and 2.20 mg/100 g. Average levels of vitamin C are still approaching the levels of vitamin C in fresh fruit soaking in sugar solution 30% in a row of 5.48 mg/100 g; 3.24 mg/100 g; 2.65 mg/100 g; and 1.56 mg/100 g. Conclusions is there a difference between the levels of vitamin C before it is processed and fresh fruit after processed into candied wet.
Keywords : Candied wet, spectrophotometer UV-Vis, vitamin C.


This paper discusses the inter-relationship between strategic planning, business process reengineering (BPR) and the management of technology. Using BPR as an intermediary approach, an IDEFO model is illustrated to link business strategy and technology strategies in a firm.


The goal of this paper is to use string edit distance to describe the synchronic relationship between the Tibetan speech varieties located on the Northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. String edit distance provides a statistical way to compare a large number of linguistic features, in essence producing a statistical bundle of isoglosses. In this way, it can be used as a tool in dialect mapping and synchronic clustering. In this paper, the aggregate distance matrix produced by string edit distance reveals that the great degree of phonetic continuity on the grasslands of the northeastern edge of the plateau is matched by an equal degree of phonetic discontinuity in the mountains forming the eastern border of the plateau. While the dialects located on the grasslands can be grouped together into one cluster, the dialects in the mountains can be grouped together into six clusters.


This paper develops a methodology for the design of a hydrodynamic ship tank model and its main components considering the current and projected needs of the maritime and river industry of Colombia. Besides allowing resistance, seakeeping, and maneuvering model tests with international standards.


The use of the vernacular is usually considered the most obvious and noticeable of the liturgical reforms to appear after the Second Vatican Council in the implementation of the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium. But just as significant and noticeable was the permission to say the Eucharistic prayer in a clear and audible voice, a permission that was soon followed by the explicit expectation that the canon be said in a voice that is audible to the faithful.1 Strangely, in spite of this clarity, the sacramentaries and missals approved for use in the United States of America contained a rubric for over forty years that appears to give official sanction to the recitation of the canon in the so-


In this paper, based on word-serial pipeline architecture, a new efficient distributed arithmetic (NEDA) technique is introduced. This architecture increases the speed and reduced the time of 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In this design, word-serial pipeline architecture able to compute a complete 2-D discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) binary tree in an on-line fashion, and easily configurable in order to compute any required 2-D DWT sub tree is proposed. In this architecture, free of ROM, multiplication and subtraction, 9 high-pass and 7 low-pass NEDA techniques are used concurrently. The proposed NEDA architecture is 30% faster than compare the exiting architecture and 27% reduced the area. The word-serial pipelines architecture has 100% hardware utilization efficiency.


We present a method that finds locomanipulation plans that perform simultaneous locomotion and manipulation of objects for a desired end-effector trajectory. Key to our approach is to consider an injective locomotion constraint manifold that defines the locomotion scheme of the robot and then using this constraint manifold to search for admissible manipulation trajectories. The problem is formulated as a weighted-A* graph search whose planner output is a sequence of contact transitions and a path progression trajectory to construct the whole-body kinodynamic locomanipulation plan. We also provide a method for computing, visualizing, and learning the locomanipulability region, which is used to efficiently evaluate the edge transition feasibility during the graph search. Numerical simulations are performed with the NASA Valkyrie robot platform that utilizes a dynamic locomotion approach, called the divergent-component-of-motion (DCM), on two example locomanipulation scenarios.


The issue of forest destruction in the North Buton region lately should have received serious attention from all parties. The nature reserve is one of the protected areas that have the function of conservation, sustainable use of biological natural resources and its ecosystem. One of them is the Wildlife Reserve Forest in Ronta Village, West Kulisusu District and Limited Production Forest in Kambowa, Torombia, Wantulasi, Korolabu and Bira Villages, North Kulisusu District, North Buton Regency. The objectives of this study are (1) To determine the role of the Forestry Police in the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction Based on Law Number 18 of 2013 in North Buton Regency; (2) To determine the inhibiting factors of North Buton District Forestry Police in taking measures to Prevent and Eradicate Forest Destruction Based on Law Number 18 of 2013 in North Buton Regency. The method in this study is juridical empirical with the number of respondents from this study were 6 (six) members of the North Buton District Forestry Police. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that: (1) The forest area of North Buton Regency is 135,362.38 Ha or 72% of the total area of North Buton Regency, which consists of: Ordinary Production Forests covering an area of 6,521.03 Ha, Limited Production Forests covering an area of 10,535.16 Ha, Production Forests that can be converted are 33,331.71 Ha, Protected Forests are 9,463.72 Ha and Wildlife Reserve Forests are 75,528.26 Ha. In these forest areas, there are several types of wood that have high economic value both for trade within the district and outside the North Buton Regency. Apart from wood, there are also other forest assets such as rattan, dammar, mace and others.(2) Factors that hinder the task of the Forestry Police in the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction in North Buton Regency are: (a) Lack of public knowledge about forest functions, as well as applicable laws and regulations concerning forestry; (b) Lack of Forestry Police personnel; (c) Lack of budget; (d) Communities still consider forest as their main livelihood; (e) Lack of supervision from the competent agencies and related agencies; (f) The involvement of officers who back up the perpetrators of illegal logging.


1. Introductory.—When a steady electric current is passed through a drop of pond scum rich in animal and vegetable organisms, two opposite move ments of migration of the living cells will in general be observed. Diatoms and unicellular algae, for example, move towards the negative pole, amoeboid animal organisms to the positive. The clearness of the effect is often confused by the presence of anchored and skeleton cells of either kind, and the case of pond scum is only given because the effect to be described was first observed in this way. Early in 1904 it was desired to find an indicator for the qualitative detection of voltage gradient in liquids in fields of microscopic dimensions. The orientation of long diatoms into line with the current was anticipated from the known behaviour* of bacteria in an alternating field, and found to occur. In steady, that is unidirectional, fields they not only orientate but move along the line of current-flow to the negative pole. They therefore serve in two ways to indicate the presence of a steady current in the liquid. At the first, and in all subsequent trials, the movement of migration of the diatoms was accompanied by one in the same direction of portions of most of the vegetable matter free to move, and a simultaneous movement in the reverse direction of the free animal forms, provided that the motile activity of the latter did not overpower the mechanical influence of the field. The movement was quite dead-beat, reversing instantly with the reversal of polarity, and since the only mechanical force an electric field can exert is upon an electric charge it was concluded that the -opposite movement of the cells indicated that they carried opposite charges, the animal cells being negatively electrified, the vegetable cells positively. 2. Method of Experiment.—To observe the movement it is well to have the field as strong as possible; it was found that 75 volts per centimetre was the highest which could be conveniently used. This is much greater than that employed by previous workers, which rarely exceeded 10 volts per centimetre. To avoid trouble by liberation of gas at the electrodes with this high


Even though physical activity is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease, long-term endurance exercise increases the risk of AF in middle-aged and older men, and has been linked to cardiac structural changes mimicking arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy on susceptible individuals. Healthy younger athletes adapt to the increased demands of exercise with symmetric enlargement of the cardiac chambers with preserved functional properties. Data describing cardiac structure and function in older veteran athletes after decades of performing endurance exercise are scarce and add essential information when wanting to discern physiological from pathological remodeling in this group.

 To investigate cardiac structural and functional remodeling in relation to long-term endurance exercise in veteran athletes.

 To cover the entire range of physical activity in the population, the study comprised two independent cohorts; Veteran male athletes who had participated in the annual 54 km Birkebeiner cross-country ski race and men who had participated in a population-based health survey. Individuals with a history of cardiac arrhythmias were excluded. Regular endurance exercise was defined as exercise for ≥30 minutes at least three times weekly with the purpose of increasing physical endurance capacity and self-reported as categories of years of regular endurance exercise. All participants underwent a resting echocardiographic examination. A One-way ANOVA with polynomial contrasts was conducted to explore the effect of years of endurance exercise on cardiac size and function.

 178 men with a mean age of 70.9±6.5 years were included in the study, 89 veteran athletes, who had practiced regular endurance exercise for an average of 40–50 years, and completed an average of 19 annual Birkebeiner ski races and 89 individuals from the general population. Fifty-seven had never performed regular endurance exercise, 29 1–20 years of exercise, 25 20–40 years of exercise, and 67 >40 years of endurance exercise.
 Left atrial, left ventricular, right atrial, and right ventricular dimensions increased with cumulative years of exercise (p<0.001), while function remained similar in all cardiac chambers.

 Atrial and ventricular dimensions increased with cumulative years of endurance exercise. Atrial and ventricular function assessed by strain, however, seemed to be unaffected by long-term exposure to exercise. These results suggest recreational endurance athletes preserve normal cardiac function despite athletic remodeling.

 Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): A Ph.D. grant from the DAM foundationA grant from the Raagholt foundation


the status quo in favour of a different alternative. In his essay on urban possibilities, Bauder (2016) argues that 'utopia' always contains a certain impossibility of practical implementation. However, he suggests that a key function of utopian imaginaries is their criticisms of existing social relations and orders. This chimes with how my interlocutor Markus Bayer expressed support for the utopian ideal of free movement, knowing full well that it might not be practicable yet still seeing it as a means to achieve a 'better' alternative.


Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hearing impairment, depressive symptoms, and social participation in older adults. Methods The study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2013 and 2018, which included 3,980 samples. The analysis was conducted using cross-lagged structural equation modeling with SPSS 23.0 and Mplus 7.4. Results The findings show that from 2013 to 2018, older people had significantly more hearing impairment and depressive symptoms and significantly less social participation. Hearing impairment was a significant negative predictor of social participation, and older adults with hearing impairment were less likely to participate in social activities. In addition, there may be a bidirectional relationship between hearing impairment and depressive symptoms, with both being positive predictors of each other. Finally, the study found that social participation played an important mediating role in the relationship between hearing impairment and depressive symptoms. Conclusion The study's findings highlight the complex interplay between hearing impairment, social participation, and depressive symptoms in older adults. Therefore, it is important to intervene promptly when hearing impairment is detected in the elderly; pay attention to patient guidance and comfort for the elderly with hearing impairment, give them positive psychological support, encourage them to get out of the house and participate in more social activities to avoid depressive symptoms. The study's results may inform the development of targeted interventions to address the mental health needs of older adults with hearing impairment.


The aim of this work was to study the elimination of magnesium from recycled molten aluminum by chlorine injection. The tests were carried out using different kinds of nozzles. A laboratory apparatus was assembled to simulate chlorine and inert gas injection through a 1.5% magnesium aluminum molten bath. In the test where inert gas was purged promoted a magnesium removal due to the breakdown of the protective slag layer while in the tests where chlorine was purged, it was observed a critical concentration of magnesium. Below this critical concentration there is an aluminum chloride emission. The critical magnesium concentration is influenced by bubble diameter. When the aluminum chloride has enough time to react with the magnesium, magnesium removal rate is linear. This behavior occurs above critical magnesium concentration. When this condition is not found it was observed an exponential rate.


The Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, David Davis, has described his plans for a future trading arrangement with the EU as 'Canada plus plus plus'. But what precisely does this expression mean, if anything, and what are the trade and political implications? Andrew Blick (KCL and the Federal Trust) explains.


Abstract— A character matrix of 39 characters for 14 supregeneric categories of living and extinct turtles was examined using PAUP 2.41 and 3.0L. The Branch and Bound algorithm found a single most parsimonious cladogram of 55 steps, consistency index of 0.709, retention index of 0.848 and a rescaled consistency index of 0.601. The cladogram is identical to that proposed by Gaffney and Meylan (1988). The Pleurodira and Cryptodira are each shown to be monophyletic and are supported by synapomorphies involving complex structures of the basicranium and adductor musculature. These synapomorphies are judged to be relatively well‐tested homologies. A paraphyletic Cryptodira occurs in 18% of 38 equally parsimonious trees 57 steps in length, but these trees are based on characters, such as absence of pterygoid teeth, that are susceptible to homoplasy in amniotes. We re‐iterate the notion that it is better to choose fewer, well‐analysed characters than large numbers of poorly analysed characters.


We report the first on-line measurements of quadrupole-interaction-resolved nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented nuclei. The 10-min {sup 186}Au activity was obtained as daughter after cold implantation of mass-separated {sup 186}Hg into a hcp Co single crystal at the NICOLE facility at ISOLDE-3 (CERN). The quadrupole interaction of {sup 186}Au{ital Co}(hcp) was fully resolved, and the spectroscopic quadrupole moment of {sup 186}Au was determined to be {ital Q}=+3.12(20) b. This implies {beta}{sub 2}=+0.246(16), proving the large prolate deformation of the {sup 186}Au ground state.


Objective  To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a breast cancer prevention decision aid for women aged 50 and older at higher risk of breast cancer.


The invention relates to a parallel type single-line addressing lighting device. The lighting device comprises a microprocessing unit and two or more lighting groups, wherein the microprocessing unit is provided with an addressing transmission line and a data transmission line, and is used for outputting an addressing set signal and a data control signal; each lighting group consists of a controldrive unit and at least one light group electrically connected with the control drive unit; the control drive units are connected with the microprocessing unit in parallel by the addressing transmission line and the data transmission line, and receives the addressing set signal and the data control signal outputted by the microprocessing unit; by the addressing transmission line of the microprocessing unit, the addressing set signal for addressing each lighting group is transmitted to the control drive unit; and by the data transmission line of the microprocessing unit, the data control signal for controlling the lighting change of the lighting groups is outputted to the control drive unit. The lighting device has the advantages of simplifying lines, being easily manufactured and loweringcost.


The present study describes the improvement of a thermophilic fungal strain Humicola insolens for cellulase production. H. insolens TAS-13 has the potential to produce 1.00 U/ml/min CMC-ase, 0.43 U/ml/min FP-ase and 0.30 U/ml/min β-glucosidase, which was improved through UV and chemical mutagenesis like N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), nitrous acid (HNO2), ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) or Ethidium bromide (EtBr). Two alternative mutation steps were carried out and mutants were screened for cellulase production. After first step mutation, 26 mutants were isolated and among them 5 best mutants (TASUV-4, TASNG-7, TASHN-4, TASEB-2 and TASEMS-1) were further screened on the basis of hypercellulolytic ability. These mutants gave 17.36, 41.17, 5.25, 23.07 & 29.07% CMC-ase, 18.87, 30.64, 6.52, 10.41 & 17.30% FP-ase and 19, 61.54, 62.02, 14.28 & 23.07% β-glucosidase, respectively more than their wild strain H. insolens TAS-13. When these mutant were further mutated alternatively with the same mutagens under the same conditions, a total of 33 mutants were picked up as second generation mutants. Among these, a mutant strain TAS-13UV-4 proved to be the best mutant, which produced 43.19% CMC-ase, 60.15% FP-ase and 59.78% β-glucosidase more than the first generation mutant TAS-13UV-4. Furthermore, this mutant was highly stable upto many generations possessing cellulolytic ability.


Free states for electrons, positron and photons are studied. The notions developed in the previous chapter are then applied to this more intricate situation. The ensuing computations yield propagators for the involved particles.


A turbocharged diesel engine is used to conduct experiment under Oxygen-enriched intake air,in this paper,the formation mechanism and the influence factors of PM and NOx are introduced,moreover,change of smoke and NOx is studied under variational oxygen concentration.The results showed that Oxygen-enriched intake air could observably decrease smoke,but following a sharp rise of NOx at the same time,so it is prerequisite to take measures to solve the problem.


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