It is an important task for knowledge-based systems to select and evaluate the attributes as well as a critical factor affecting systems' performance.Using the genetic operator of the searching approach and correlation analysis,which characterizes Genetic Algorithm(GA),as the evaluation mechanism,this paper presents a new method to select the optimal subset of attributes for a given case library.Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify the most related subset to classify and predict,while reducing the representation space of the attributes whereas hardly decreasing the classification precision.


The phenomenon of polyploidy is one of the most widespread and distinctive feature of higher plants. It plays an important role in the natural selection and better adaptability of species in the new ecological niches. Polyploidy confers certain benefits upon the plant which enable it to meet extreme ecological conditions . The role of polyploidy in the evolution and diversification of grasses has been ex ceptionally large since nearly all genera and a majority of species in the family Gramineae possess chromosome numbers in the multiple of the original basic num ber. Stebbins (1956) estimated nearly 70% grass species to be polyploids. The polyploidy percentage in grasses according to Stebbins (l. c.) could be even higher since many of the grass genera possess chromosome numbers which are already derived by ployploidy during their evolutionary history. Baquar (1976), in his studies on the polyploidy in the flora of Pakistan, observed a polyploidy percentage of only 30.40% in the family Gramineae from that country. These calculations were, however, based on a total of only 23 species which is a very small number for such statistics, keeping in view the large size of the family. The first attempt to relate polyploidy to climatic conditions, phylogeny and ecology was made by Hagerup (1931, 1939) followed by Sokolovskaya and Strelkova (1938, 1940, 1960), Love and Love (1943, 1949, 1967), Reese (1957, 1958), Larsen (1960), Morton (1961, 1966) and Johanson and Packer (1965). No correlation of this type has been made on the Indian flora excepting Mehra's work (1961) on the Himalayan ferns. A total of nearly 350 taxa of grasses have been cytologically investigated by the present author from the Himalayas (see Mehra and Sharma 1972-1977, Sharma and Sharma 1978, 1979) and nearly same number of additional taxa were investigated from the same area by Mehra and his other associates (19681976 marked * in the references) and Khosla and associates (1972, 1973a, b) from this laboratory. It was thought worthwhile to make use of this data in finding out the overall percentage of polyploidy in the Himalayan grasses and the polyploidy percentage in the grasses of Eastern, Central and Western Himalayas and finally to see whether frequency of polyploidy is affected by changes in latitude and climatic conditions in different parts of the Himalayas, i.e. Eastern, Central and Western.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to discuss residents' views of social and physical environments in a co-housing and in a senior housing setting in Finland. Also, the study aims to point out important connections between well-being and built environment. Design/methodology/approach - The data include interviews and survey responses gathered in the cases. The results and analysis are presented at different case study levels, with the discussion and conclusions following this. Findings - The findings show that the physical environment and common areas have an important role to activate residents. When well-designed common areas exist, a higher level of engagement can be achieved by getting residents involved in the planning and running of activities. Research limitations/implications - This paper discusses residents' experiences in two Finnish housing settings and it focuses on the housing market in Finland. Practical implications - The findings encourage investors and housing operators to design and invest common areas which could activate residents and create social contacts. Also, investors have to pay attention to the way these developments are managed. Originality/value - This study is the first to investigate the Finnish co-housing setting and compare social and physical environments in a co-housing and a senior house.


The utility model relates to a dual-wavelength all solid state laser investigation instrument, which consists of a power supply control part, an all solid state laser, an all solid state laser, a laser coupling system, a light guide optical fiber and a beam expanding reshaping device. The dual-wavelength all solid state laser investigation instrument is characterized in that the power supply control part drives two all solid state lasers which are connected with the laser coupling system; and the laser coupling system is connected with the light guide optical fiber; and finally the transmitted light guide optical fiber is connected with the beam expanding reshaping device which is placed in optical paths of the all solid state lasers. The utility model realizes quick, accurate and effective research of physical evidence in real sense, greatly improves the researching efficiency of the physical evidence, has small size and light weight, is operated by one person and convenient to carry and is powered by domestic load and branch storage battery. The dual-wavelength laser output is beneficial to searching the physical evidence and extracting weaker fingerprint for exciting fluorescence; and the laser investigation instrument is output by adopting a liquid core optical fiber, has high flexibility for searching the physical evidence in a relatively-narrow space and greatly simplifies the sampling difficulty in criminally investigating evidence.


We describe herein a 14-year-old patient diagnosed as severe mitral stenosis suitable for balloon mitral valvotomy. A 6 French (Fr) pigtail catheter was introduced retrogradely into the aorta and positioned in the aortic root. An 8 Fr sheath was inserted into the right femoral vein. Under fluoroscopic guidance in the left anterior oblique 40° projection, transseptal puncture was attempted with Brockenbrough needle. As the septum was fleshy and bulging into the right atrium, which was small, it slipped into the right atrium. A second septal puncture was done lower down. A Mullin sheath was gently pushed and left in situ while the needle was withdrawn. Surprisingly, the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries were visualized suggesting coronary angiogram through venous route and when a larger amount of contrast was injected to document the correct entry into the left atrium, false entry into the aorta was confirmed (Figure). Mullins sheath was withdrawn and the patient remained hemodynamically stable. The patient was discharged after the successful surgery. With a conventional transseptal puncture method, serious or even life-threatening complications may occur as perforation of the aorta, pericardium, pulmonary vein, and right atrial free wall, sometimes requiring surgery. Various imaging modalities such as transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography, intravascular ultrasound, and intracardiac echocardiography may be employed to determine the optimal transseptal puncture site. 224


Summary The sodium and potassium contained in a phospholipid extract of tissue were determined on tissues of renal hypertensive and operated normotensive control dogs. Hypertension produced an increase in the sodium contained in a phospholipid extract of left ventricle. There was a slight but not statistically significant increase in the sodium bound in the phospholipid extract of the right ventricle. There was potassium bound by these phospholipids but the amount did not change significantly in either ventricle in hypertension.


Pleural tags, also described as the 'pleural tail sign', are continuous linear opacities arising from the margin of pulmonary nodules or masses that intersect the visceral pleura perpendicularly and cause a dimpling in the visceral pleura. While initially described in association with malignant lesions (e.g. invasive adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma in situ, metastases), pleural tails have also been described in a number of benign pulmonary masses (e.g. granulomas, tuberculomas). Pathologic correlation demonstrates that pleural tails result from thickening of the interlobular septa of the lung due to either lymphatic obstruction, tumour infiltration, inflammation or desmoplastic reaction. While non-specific, the value of the sign may be to draw the viewer's attention to an otherwise obscure lesion. The presence of two lines extending from a lesion to the visceral pleura has been referred to as 'tails' or 'rabbit's ears'. The pleural tail also has implications for 3 dimensional segmentation techniques. Kostis et al. describe a classification for pulmonary nodules that is used in computer aided detection. These are: well-circumscribed (representing one third of nodules in their series); vascularized (connections to neighboring vessels) (nearly half); pleural tail (1%) and juxtapleural (nearly a quarter). Related signs


Abstract : An exoskeleton platform was developed, prototyped and tested for mobility performance in a beachfront environment. New platform, drive-train, motor-controller and wheel design were employed in the experiment. The objective was to improve on the shortcoming of previous NPS research. Three wheel-designs were tested during fixed pattern tests on grass, concrete and sand. Data suggests that, with regard to power consumption, there is a marginal difference on preferred wheel design. The sparse print round wheel showed promise in heavy vegetation; however, the WhegTM wheel proved to be the most versatile on various terrains. This suggests that a WhegTM wheel with improved round wheel characteristics would be optimal for various beachfront terrains.


SUMMARY

1. The microcystin content of a variety of Microcystis spp., from both laboratory strains and natural blooms, was analysed by HPLC. The microcystin content of laboratory strains ranged from 1.6 to 4.3μgmg−1 dry weight. Yearly and seasonal variation was detected in an analysis of bloom material collected from Bautzen Reservoir over a 3-year period. The microcystin concentration in bloom material ranged from undetectable to 1.16 μg ml−1 dry weight.

2. Toxicity of laboratory and natural Microcystis to Daphnia pulicaria was determined using an established LC50 technique. Partially purified water extracts from different Microcystis samples exhibited a wide range of toxicity. The highest activity was found in natural Microcystis samples, with an LC50 of 36 μgm−1 dry weight of Microcystis, whereas one strain did not appear toxic at 1600 μg ml−1.

3. No correlation was found between the concentrations of microcystins of different laboratory and natural Microcystis strains and the toxicity of extracts to Daphnia pulicaria from the same strains. Therefore, we discriminated between hepatotoxic microcystins and the compound(s) that is toxic to Daphnia, here termed DTC (Daphnia-toxic compound), which is independent of microcystins.


Background. The psychological effects of cancer and its treatment on the patients, their families, and healthcare workers point the need to develop a program of psychological interventions for use in oncology practice. Methods. The study was conducted at the Kyiv City Clinical Cancer Center during 2014-2016 years and had an observational design. It included 422 cancer patients: 80 patients – diagnostic stage, 187 primary treatment and 155 secondary treatment caused by cancer progression; 218 familymembers: 79 – relatives of patients on primary treatment (Gp), 68 secondary treatment (Gs), 71 palliative care (Gpal). In the study also participated 50 oncologists. We used Hospital Anxiety andDepression Scale (HADS), Big Five PersonalityQuestionnaire (5PFQ), DealingwithDif icult Life Situations (developedby W. Janke, H. Erdmann), Type Attitude to the Disease Questionnaire (TOBOL), Quality of Life Index (developed by J. E. Mezzich, N. Cohen, J. Liu, M. Ruiperez, and G. Yoon). Oncologistswere evaluated for emotional burnout symptoms byMaslach Burnout Inventory. Results. Cancer has caused a signi icant in luence on patients' mental state, re lected in personal, behavioral and psychosocial levels. HADS showedmore pronounced anxious versus depressive symptoms (p<0.05), although the symptomatic structure among different patients was similar. On diagnostic stage, depression and anxiety were higher (p<0.05). In patients were noted destructive personal patterns (12,7%), ineffective coping strategies (24,6%), maladjusted reactions on disease (62,8%). The main types of reactions on the disease were: anosognostic (13,0%), anxious-sensitive (11,4%), ergopathicanxious (10,4%), sensitive (7,8%), anxious (7,6%) and hypochondriac (6,4%). Patient's relatives experienced high levels of stress due to cancer diagnosis. The high levels of distress were noted in 92,4% relatives in Gp, 86,8% Gs and 91,5% Gpal. Emotional exhaustion in oncologists was estimated at 16,1 ± 9,1, depersonalization 6,0 ± 4,5 points, professional achievements 35,4± 7,5 points. In 34% oncologist from 1 to 3 components of burnout were present. Conclusion. According to the results, psychological help is a major component of cancer management. Due to high levels of distress and emotional burnout, it must be provided not only to patients but to their relatives (caregivers) and oncologists. The results of this study could help in the creation of a new complex program of psychological interventions for these individuals.


Neutrino mass and mixing are amongst the major discoveries of recent years. From the observation of flavor change in solar and atmospheric neutrino experiments to the measurements of neutrino mixing with terrestrial neutrinos, recent experiments have provided consistent and compelling evidence for the mixing of massive neutrinos. The discoveries at Super-Kamiokande, SNO, and KamLAND have solved the long-standing solar neutrino problem and demand that we make the first significant revision of the Standard Model in decades. Searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay probe the particle nature of neutrinos and continue to place limits on the effective mass of the neutrino. Possible signs of neutrinoless double-beta decay will stimulate neutrino mass searches in the next decade and beyond. I review the recent discoveries in neutrino physics and the current evidence for massive neutrinos.


Building on the analysis of Arifovic and Masson (2003), we study a model of currency crisis where agents' beliefs is the only source of volatility containing the potential for devaluation. In addition to simulating this model in laboratory experiments with human subjects, we build our own model of agents' expectations extending upon the original Arifovic and Masson framework. In this model, heterogenous investors have sets of potential rules available for use in each period. Each agent selects a single rule from its set probabilistically; the probability of each rule's selection is based on the relative performance of this rule had it been applied historically. As part of our methodology, we conduct a large number of simulations for different parameter values to check for the robustness of these simulation results. In comparing the properties of the time-series generated by computer simulations and human subjects, we find a number of key similarities. These include large measures of kurtosis, positive skewness, and negative correlation between the first difference in spread statistics. Importantly, this large kurtosis measure is also a feature that characterizes empirical data on the returns in emerging markets. JEL classification: D83, C63, C92, H41 ∗Jasmina Arifovic, Simon Fraser University, email@example.com; Michael K. Maschek, Simon Fraser University, firstname.lastname@example.com. Jasmina Arifovic acknowledges the support of the SSHRC Standard Research Grant Program. We would like to thank Dan Friedman, Rob Oxoby, as well as the participants at the CEF Meetings in Seattle (2003), ESA Meetings in Tucson (2003), and the Experimental Workshop held at the University of Calgary (October 2004) for helpful comments.


Research should be seen as the most appropriate way for the university to invest and allocate resources. Thanks to the vision, work and impetus of the Rector of the Universidad Ricardo Palma, we are pleased to present this special program today.


This project investigates the possibility of integrating reinforcement with softwood
glulam (glue laminated) timber beams to provide an economic alternative to
hardwood timber girders. The resources of hardwood timbers are dwindling due to a
reduction in tree felling, and hardwood timber plantations are unable to keep up with
demand. Due to this growing shortage, there is an increased need to find a suitable
replacement for deteriorating hardwood timber girders on rural bridges throughout
Queensland. This project analyses a possible alternative. From a design stand point,
the beams should cater for the requirements specified by the Department of Main
Roads.
An experimental approach has been taken to study the effect of the integration of steel
reinforcing within the laminates of a glulam timber beam. This design will be tested
for strength using a four-point bending arrangement with two hydraulic jacks
providing force on the member.
The results of the test showed the beam catered for the requirements and
specifications outlined by the Department of Main Roads up to 660kN. However,
while the beam supported the load, the tested Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) fell
outside the range of these specifications. It is considered that this could be easily
rectified following minor changes to the design.


Adat and religious values played a significant role in the rise of social movements and people power during the Dutch colonial era which is evident in the dynamics of Bali in particular. For centuries, adat customary traditions had been deeply rooted in Balinese communities and strongly contributed to civilization and culture. However, certain factors, such as social, economic and political disturbances have threatened the stability of Balinese communities and culture. From the local perspective of Bali, this posed a threat against the sovereignty of the kingdom of Bali, was still recognized as an autonomous territory. In light of the above issues, this article used an interdisciplinary approach to historiography in analyzing oral history and textual archives. It is hoped to offer a better understanding of how historical Balinese adat and religious values fostered an increase in social resilience and people power when faced with externally generated disturbances.


The regional position of Qiantang estuary(Hangzhou Bay Reach) is unique,and the marine industry there had a solid base.Qiantang estuary had a unique function status in the whole marine economy development belt,its regional marine economy development would be the engine of marine economy development in Zhejiang Province.This article proceed from the natural situation of Hangzhou bay and the existent problems of exploiting and utilizing resources in marine economy development,put forward the targets and tasks for further development: focused on the support function of tidal disaster prevention and reduction,relied on the support function of land spatial expansion and port transportation system,based on the support function of ecological environment protection,assisted by the support function of urban construction and tourism service industries of waterfront landscape,finally archived the regional marine economy development via the support function of the regulation of Qiantang estuary(Hangzhou Bay Reach).


The interaction of ozone and water vapor with spark discharge soot particles coated with the five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) has been investigated in aerosol flow tube experiments at ambient temperature and pressure (296 K, 1 atm). The investigated range of ozone volume mixing ratio (VMR) and relative humidity (RH) was 0−1 ppm and 0−25%, respectively. The observed gas-phase ozone losses and pseudo-first-order BaP decay rate coefficients exhibited Langmuir-type dependencies on gas-phase ozone concentration and were reduced in the presence of water vapor, which indicates rapid, reversible and competitive adsorption of O3 and H2O on the particles followed by a slower surface reaction between adsorbed O3 and BaP. At low ozone VMR and RH, the half-life of surface BaP molecules was found to be shorter than previously reported (∼ 5 min at 30 ppb O3 under dry conditions). At higher RH and for multilayer BaP surface coverage, however, a strong increase of BaP half-life was observed a...


Elastic squashing will occur for roller during cold rolling, which would affect the rolling force. Rolling process is simulated under the conditions of rolling force of rigid roller, elastic roller and rolling with or without tension based on the software of ANSYS/LS-DYAN and regarded roller as elastomer. Effect law can be obtained from the analysis. Thus this can instruct production, and theoritcal meaning and actual economic value are gotten.


Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) plays a role in many cellular processes. PTTG overexpression is seen in several tumor types and correlates with survival time/recurrence. We evaluated PTTG expression in various types of brain tumors (n=94). Immunohistochemistry was performed using a monoclonal PTTG antibody (DCS‐280, Abcam;Cambridge, MA) and the streptavidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex method. The intensity of PTTG immunoreactivity was evaluated semi‐quantitatively on a 0‐4 scale. PTTG expression was evident in most tumor cells and was predominantly nuclear. In glial tumors, PTTG immunoreactivity was higher in glioblastomas (IV), anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (III), anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (III), oligoastrocytomas (II), oligodendrogliomas (II), and pilocytic astrocytomas (I) (range: 3.1–3.5), whereas notably lower PTTG was seen in myxopapillary ependymomas (I) and ependymomas (II) (1.5 & 1.6). In non‐glial tumors, hemangiopericytomas and schwannomas had higher PTTG score (3.4), than meningiomas (2.3). Thus, it appears that PTTG expression is not associated with tumor grade, but rather with tumor type, the most striking difference being between ependymomas and other glial tumors. PTTG may be a valuable therapy target in some brain tumors. Acknowledgments Authors thank the Jarislowsky Foundation and the Lloyd‐Carr‐Harris Foundation for their generous support.


Alemtuzumab and rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) led to similar patient and graft survival rates in a single-center, prospective, randomized study comparing the two agents for induction of immunosuppression in adult recipients of kidney and pancreas transplants treated with similar mainte nance immunosuppression. The study was published in Transplantation (2009;88: 810-819). Two out of three adult transplant recipients receive some form of induction immunosuppression, according to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) 2009 Annual Data Report, most often with antithymocyte globulin. "Some people had been starting to use Campath [alemtuzumab] as opposed to Thymoglobulin [rATG], but instead of really comparing the two drugs what they did was stop using Thymoglobulin and just started using Campath," said lead author Alan C. Farney, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Surgery in the Department of General Surgery at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, in a phone interview.


Velocity distributions for Ba+ ions drifting in argon under the influence of an external electric field are measured at directions of 0°, 45°, and 90° with respect to the electric field using single frequency laser‐induced fluorescence probing. Values for the reduced mobility, translational temperatures (second central moments), skewness (third central moment), and excess (fourth central moment) are presented as a function of field strength up to E/N values of 201 Td, which corresponds to a mean Ba+/Ar center‐of‐mass collision energy of 0.371±0.038 eV. Maxima are observed in both the reduced mobility, 2.40±0.05 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 160 Td, and in the skewness, 0.95±0.03 at 119 Td. The dimensionless skewness parameter characterizes the asymmetry of the velocity distributions and is the ratio of the cube root of the third central moment to the square root of the second central moment. A comparison of the moments of the measured 45° velocity distribution to a distribution synthesized without correlation from the 0...


Terminology in endocrinology used to be pretty easy. All of the anterior pituitary hormones were isolated and named quite simply on the basis of their biological effects, although there has always been some transatlantic uneasiness about using the term trophic (which means, "to nourish") vs. tropic (which means, "to turn to" as in the case of plants and the sun). Adrenocorticotropic, follicle stimulating, luteinizing, and thyrotropic hormones afforded no difficulty nor did GH, later named somatotropin. PRL gave problems because it stimulates milk only in mammals, and in lower forms has a wide variety of actions in water and salt metabolism and behavior. The first of the smaller proteins and peptides to be isolated also fitted in reasonably well with the general scheme—gastrin stimulated acid production by the stomach, insulin was the product of the pancreatic islet cells, antidiuretic hormone inhibited water excretion, and oxytocin stimulated uterine contraction. Even the hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones are appropriately named except that there are several cross-over functions; TRH could well have been called PRL-releasing factor (PRF), and somatostatin could have been named panhibin as was once suggested. But this relatively tidy scheme has gone seriously awry in the field of cytokines, which comprise a huge number of cell-derived stimulating and inhibitory factors. Although these pleiotropic factors exert important effects on metabolic, endocrine, and neural activity, most were initially recognized as factors involved in innate or acquired immunity, or as regulators of hematopoiesis, and their cardinal names often indelibly bias the way we think about their functions. "Endogenous pyrogen" (the circulating fever-causing factor induced by bacterial toxin) has mercifully been renamed interleukin-1. Interleukin-2 was first recognized as a T lymphocyte growth factor, and IL-6 was initially called B-cell differentiating factor. Tumor necrosis factor and cachectin were isolated and named on the basis of different bioassays, one that measured tumor regression after injections of bacterial toxin, and the other based on wasting and impaired fat deposition. Later they were shown to be identical molecules. And this brings us to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), first described a little more than a decade ago. LIF was initially identified as a product of mouse macrophages that brought about the differentiation (toward maturity) of a mouse monocytic leukemia cell line (1). The human homologue (mol wt approximately 20,000) was identified by screening a genomic library with a murine complementary DNA probe (2); the human peptide has 78% sequence identity with the mouse factor. Within 3 yr of its discovery, LIF had been shown to be identical with the cholinergic differentiation factor of myocardial cells (3), with a lipoprotein lipase inhibitory factor secreted by melanoma cells (4), and to have many cytokine-like activities including that of osteoclast stimulation (5). These properties overlap with those of several other cytokines, all of which exert their tissue effects by binding to specific class 1 cytokine receptors to form dimers of a common transducer termed gp130 (6). LIF first emerged as a pituitary secretion during studies of vascular growth regulating factors. In addition to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), follicular cells of the pituitary (which secrete none of the classical pituitary hormones) were shown to secrete a factor that inhibited endothelial growth in cells derived from bovine aorta. Ferrara et al. (7), who first made this observation in 1992, proposed that LIF played a role in regulating the peculiar vascularity of the pituitary. From this point on, Melmed and his colleagues have carried out a number of studies in an attempt to identify a larger function of LIF in pituitary regulation. In earlier work (cited in Refs. 8 and 9), they showed that LIF is expressed in human and mouse anterior pituitary, that its expression is stimulated by bacterial endotoxin, that LIF is expressed by corticotroph cells as well as by folliculostellate cells, both in the pituitary and in the mouse corticotrope cell line, AtT-20, and that LIF injection induces acute release of ACTH in mice and in monkeys. Now, in the two papers published in this issue of Endocrinology (8, 9), the Melmed group has probed further to determine whether LIF is an essential mediator of the pituitary-adrenal response to emotional and inflammatory stress. They confirmed that the AtT-20 cell line secretes LIF and that LIF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was greatly stimulated by IL-1b and by tumor necrosis factor-a to a lesser extent. They found that the two cytokines were synergistic as is the case for a number of other biological systems. They also showed that both LIF and IL-1b stimulated ACTH secretion in vitro, and in intact mice, and that IL-1b enhanced LIF mRNA expression in both the hypothalamus and in the pituitary. In a crucial experiment, they determined whether mice with selective knockout of LIF released ACTH and corticosterone following the injection of IL-1b ip. Their answer to this question has some ambiguities that prevent an absolute conclusion. Baseline corticosterone obtained under anesthesia in LIF knockout mice was the same as that of wild strain animals, but baseline ACTH levels were significantly less. After injection of IL-1b ACTH and corticosterone blood levels rose in both knockout and the wild strains, but the zenith of the responses were significantly less in the LIF knockout animals. The conclusion to be drawn is not obvious. Although the magnitude of the ACTH response is less in the Received March 6, 1998. Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Seymour Reichlin, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245099, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5099. E-mail: email@example.com. 0013-7227/98/$03.00/0 Vol. 139, No. 5 Endocrinology Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 1998 by The Endocrine Society


With the increasing pressure of population on the resources has increased the demand of grains to fulfil the food requirement. Production of food grains in agriculture was very less in the first half of the 20th century. After Independence first five year plan was dedicated to agriculture. Green revolution also introduce in the country to reduce the scarcity of grains. Consequently India became self-depend on the production of grains and fulfil the demand of its huge population but with introduction of chemicals fertilizers, pesticides and weedicides it's also increases the problem of soil pollution, reducing the soil fertility and have bad impact on the health of human as well as on the animals. Today India is practicing organic farming for sustainable development in the field of agriculture. This paper is an attempt to study the benefits of organic farming and its issues and challenges in India. Organic farming which is a holistic production management system that promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity is hence important. Many studies have shown that organic farming methods can produce even higher yields than conventional methods. Here in this paper we tried to focus the organic farming it issues and challenges moving towards sustainable development with it.


Step flow growth of GaAs on the vicinal surfaces by gas‐source migration enhanced epitaxy (MEE), the combination of gas‐source molecular beam epitaxy and MEE, is studied with the reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity oscillation. It is found that the use of the thermally cracked AsH3 instead of solid As (As4) as an As source enhances step flow growth of GaAs on the (001) surface misoriented toward the [110] direction. The same tendency is also observed in the MEE growth using As4 under the hydrogen supply. It is considered that the enhancement of step flow growth in the gas‐source MEE is caused by the hydrogen atoms terminated at the steps.


In iHe period 1957-1971 surveys for triatominae bugs were made in 889,972
awellings among 11,045 d iffe ren t localities throughout th e State of Bahia, Brazil.
35,588 bugs were collected and among 29,156 examined, 2,354 (8%) were infected
with trypanosom.es considered to be T. cruzi. However, rates of natural infection
varied from 0-100% according to species ana localities. The highest rates of
natural infection were found among P. megistus in the northern littoral areas
of th e State. Overall rates of infection by species were: P. megistus, 11,4%;
T. infestans, 3.4%; T. brasiliensis, 3%. T. rubrofasciata were found often infected
w ith T. conorhini but were not considered important as carriers of T. cruzi.
The Authors consider th a t the presence of infected domiciliated bugs in the
areas investigated implies active transmlssion of T. eruzi, and th a t vector control
measures should be undertaken.
The active spreaa of T. infestans in th e Sta te of Bahia is emphasized as
a m a tte r for particular concern, in view of this species susceptibility to infection,
its anthropophilic habits and its capacity to colonize rapidly and stablish high
rates of infestation.


with the example of SANTANA2000 Gsi,the writer, firstly, makes a description of the structure of proof against theft system, of its working principle, and of detecting method of breakdown, then,also analyses the reason why such breakdown happens so often and the results caused by fault as well as how to eliminate them.


The oil paintings and "Prayer of Tobias and Sarah" and "The Archangel Raphael reveals himself to
Tobi and his son Tobias", executed by Francesco Bruno at the end of the XVIII century on oval
Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
210
shaped canvas, were investigated by integrated physica-chemical and analytical methodologies in
order to obtain scientific data capable of elucidating the state of conservation and the painting technique.
Optical (OM) and electronic (SEM-EDS) microscopy, micro-FT-IR spectroscopy, were applied on
some microfragments whilst the two whole paintings were analyzed by the non invasive IR reflectografy
technique.
The reflectography evidenced some pentimenti of author on the canvas "Prayer of Tobias and
Sarah", while invasive analysis made it possible to locate the stratigraphic sequence of each canvas
and to characterise the constituent materials.


Güven Sak (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV)) , Murat Kenanoğlu (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV)) , Omar Kadkoy (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV)) , Ayşegül Düşündere (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV)) , Seçil Gülbudak Dil (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV)) July 25, 2018 | Last updated: December 10, 2020 Tags: Displacement and migration , Education and skills, SDGs and Developement Cooperation


In this chapter, we will study functions of a complex variables. The most interesting functions on the complex plane are those that are holomorphic. The most important holomorphic functions are the exponential and the logarithm function. Holomorphicity is the complex analogue of differentiability, but for various reasons, which we shall study in great detail, a function being holomorphic is far more restrictive than the function being differentiable. The focal point of this chapter will be power series and functions that have local power series expansions, i.e., analytic functions. The reason for this is two-fold:


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum progesterone (P) and retinopathy in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to investigate whether P is associated with its progression.


Summary form only given. In a recent study we have shown that discrete solitons (DS) in two-dimensional networks can be used to realize intelligent functional operations such as blocking, routing, logic functions and time gating. More specifically, this class of solitons can be all-optically navigated in 2-D array networks - a property highly desirable for optical routers. In this case, a DS can move transversely along any preassigned path and thus the array behaves like a soliton wire. Bends are essential elements of such DS networks. In general a soliton tends to loose power when it encounters a bend due to reflections. This becomes particularly problematic when bends are used in cascade. Thus reducing bending losses in such array networks is an issue of importance. In this work we show that reflection losses occurring along sharp bends can be minimized by appropriate design. Analysis indicates that this can be accomplished by modifying the properties of the corner waveguide.


It is well established that when energetic ions are moving in crystals, they may penetrate much deeper if they happen to be directed in some specific crystal directions. This 'channeling' effect is utilized for instance in certain ion beam analysis methods and has been described by analytical theories and atomistic computer simulations. However, there have been very few systematic studies of channeling in directions other than the principal low-index ones. We present here a molecular dynamics-based approach to calculate ion channeling systematically over all crystal directions, providing ion 'channeling maps' that easily show in which directions channeling is expected. The results show that channeling effects can be quite significant even at energies below 1 keV, and that in many cases, significant planar channeling occurs also in a wide range of crystal directions between the low-index principal ones. In all of the cases studied, a large fraction (∼20–60%) of all crystal directions show channeling. A practical implication of this is that modern experiments on randomly oriented nanostructures will have a large probability of channeling. It also means that when ion irradiations are carried out on polycrystalline samples, channeling effects on the results cannot a priori be assumed to be negligible. The maps allow for easy selection of good 'nonchanneling' directions in experiments or alternatively finding wide channels for beneficial uses of channeling. We implement channeling theory to also give the fraction of channeling directions in a manner directly comparable to the simulations. The comparison shows good qualitative agreement. In particular, channeling theory is very good at predicting which channels are active at a given energy. This is true down to sub-keV energies, provided the penetration depth is not too small.


Milk pricing in California is often controversial. Consumer advocates and their organizations periodically charge that retail milk prices are "unfair" or "too high" and call for public intervention in the fluid-milk market. The consumer view is expressed by Consumers Union, which after conducting surveys of retail milk prices in Los Angeles and San Francisco area food stores, charged that large supermarket chains were "gouging" consumers and that this gouging was the primary cause of surging retail milk prices that were leading to an increasing gap between the price per gallon received by farmers and the price paid by consumers. A 1997 Consumers Union press release based on their price surveys observed that:


The purpose of this paper is to study the features, management model and normalized implementation of large project of land reconsolidation, land reclamation and exploitation.Methods employed include documentation, induction and comparative analysis.The results show that the large project, compared to the previous projects invested by the central government, has the following features:large-scale, long-term, high-risk, more systematic and regional, more concerns of environmental protection, more significant implementation.It is concluded that principal functional planning should be coordinated to strengthen the regional analysis and assessment.In order to make the decision making more scientific.The organization and system guarantee should be improved in order to promote the large project implementation.


The interphase nucleus compartmentalizes its components to give rise to a highly organized and tightly controlled environment. Individual chromosomes occupy discrete areas, termed "chromosome territories," that are separated from each other by a channel called the "interchromosomal domain" (reviewed in Lamond and Earnshaw 1998). Actively transcribed genes tend to be at the periphery of chromosomal territories, whereas newly made RNA transcripts localize into the interchromosomal domain, where they can undergo further processing and transport. Movement within the nucleus (Ferreira et al. 1997) may permit chromosomes to enter "factories" that contain all the necessary enzymatic machinery for replication (reviewed in Jackson 1995). Of the many discrete domains identified throughout the nucleus, the largest are nucleoli, sites of ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing, and sites of preribosomal particle assembly (reviewed in Scheer and Weisenberger 1994). Other subnuclear bodies that appear as punctate structures under immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy include various dynamic structures involved in the maintenance and replication of DNA and RNA synthesis, processing, and transport (reviewed in Nickerson et al. 1995): replication foci, transcript foci, speckled domains, coiled bodies, gems, and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies. Spliceosomal small nuclear (sn) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) components and a subset of non-snRNP splicing factors can be found concentrated in discrete subnuclear domains called "coiled bodies" (Matera and Frey 1998 [in this issue]). It is becoming increasingly apparent that the nucleus has an organization and contains a number of discrete macromolecular domains that coordinate a variety of nuclear processes.


Abstract Combined ESR, X-ray diffraction and pressure investigations carried out on aluminates and glassy-crystalline materials of the system MO/SiO2/Al2O3 give new insightinto irreversible structural changes and mirror the preferred solid state reaction in the neighbourhood of paramagnetic point defects (Fe3+, Mn2+,OX 7)in the reaction components.


PT. Bukit Asam - UPO is an underground coal mining company conducted in the area Ombilin I (Sawahluwung), Ombilin II (Waringin-Sugar) and Ombilin III (Sigalut). Excess coal production compared to the low demand becomes a significant factor for the price of coal fell for the last few years. So far, the Government has issued a monthly coal reference price (HBA and HPB) since January 2009 for use by manufacturers of coal to all the places and contact services. But the official implementation HBA started since September 2011. In addition, the reference price of coal to be used by holders of Production Operation IUP, IUP specialized production operations as well as CCoWs as a reference in determining the selling price of coal for a given period. Therefore, it needs to be calculated budget plans annual production of coal mining PT. Bukit Asam UPO so that it can be seen in corporate profits and the value of the minimum reference price of coal mining in order to still meet the minimum profit required. The method used in this research is quantitative research methods. Where do the initial learning of what will be done and the collection of data necessary for the manufacture of paper so that when the data processing that starts from the calculation of the budget plan, coal reference price comparison with the price of the exchange and analysis of the effects of changes in the reference price of coal. Can be concluded from these data. From research conducted then obtained Budget Plan (RAB) for one year PT. Bukit Asam UPO is Rp. 44.638.890.400.00. Minimum benchmark coal prices obtained in December 2014 at 64,65, it shows the value of the company's profit decreases with the increase in the exchange rate increasingly rises. Minimal HBA preferably above 45.65 with the exchange rate of Rp. 12.000 / $, because if the HBA under 45,65 would suffer losses.


Self-frequency-doubling(SFD) crystal is a kind of combined functional crystals,which posses both laser and nonlinear optical(NLO) functions in one crystal.All solid state lasers made of SFD crystals are compact,stable,high efficiency and with small volume.Since 1970's,SFD laser performances haves been conducted based on SFD crystals developed on LiNbO3,YAl3(BO3)4(YAB) matrix crystals.Recently,RECa4O(BO3)3(RE=Y,Gd or Nd;abbreviated as RECOB) crystals have been attracted many attentions and widely investigated.The basic requirements from practice for laser,NLO and SFD crystals were listed.After the summary of previous research on SFD crystal,the fundamental and SHG waves in SFD have been analyzed and the relationships among the Nd3+ concentration,crystal length and the SFD efficiency have been discussed.The calculations showed that under reasonable Nd3+ content,the optical-optical efficiency can reach 30% when the crystal wave path is ca.10 mm in NYAB or Nd:GdCOB crystals.Motivations and ideas for NYAB and RECOB together with the results obtained were reviewed in the paper.During last 10 years,1.1 W SFD green laser has been emitted from Yb:YAB(O–O efficiency 10%),which is the highest SFD output from Yb3+ doped crystal up to now.And the Nd:GdCOB crystal has been considered the optimal SFD crystal in RECOB series.Based on the investigations on Nd concentration,crystal length,optical SFD phase match orientation and thermal engineering,the 1.35 W 545 nm SFD green laser has been achieved with the optical-optical efficiency 17.1%.During the SFD output was 1.03 W,the fluctuation is less than 1% in half an hour.This is the highest SFD output in Nd3+ doped SFD crystals.The potential applications of SFD crystals have been proposed.By the theoretical and exper-iment results,it is concluded that Nd:GdCOB maybe the best SFD in Nd3+ doped crystals and Yb:YAB the best in Yb3+ doped crystals.


Objective Our objective was to determine the prevalence of functional disability among older women with urinary incontinence (UI). Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2005–2006 National Social Life, Health and Aging Project. Daily UI was defined as answering "daily" to the question, "How frequently…have you had difficulty controlling your bladder, including leaking small amounts of urine, leaking when you cough or sneeze, or not being able to make it to the bathroom on time?" We then explored functional status. Women were asked about 7 basic activities of daily living (ADLs). Statistical analyses with percentage estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between functional status and daily UI. Results In total, 1412 women were included in our analysis. Daily UI was reported by 177 (12.5%) women. Functional dependence or disability with any activities of daily living was reported in 62.1% (95% CI, 54.2%–70.1%) of women with daily UI. Among women with daily UI, 23.6% (95% CI, 16.8%–30.5%) reported specific difficulty or dependence with using the toilet, signifying functional limitations which may contribute to urine leakage. After adjusting for age category, race/ethnicity, education level, and parity, women with daily UI had 3.31 increased odds of functional difficulty or dependence compared with continent older women. Conclusions More than 60% of older women with daily UI reported functional difficulty or dependence and one fourth of women with daily UI specifically reported difficulty or dependence with using the toilet.


This paper reviews the use of MTutor, a virtual learning environment, in assisting final year engineering project students to adopt industry best practices for design in their projects and to improve their problem-solving skills. MTutor has been designed to support problem-solving skill development in learners through web-based virtual tutorials (MTutorials), which are constructed using word processing and proprietary automation tools. An MTutorial has been used since 1998 in an Electronics Engineering curriculum as part of final year student preparations for their individual projects. Student tutorial performance over the past three years is reported, as are the student's reactions to the MTutor system and their responses to the tutorial content. Students performance will be compared to their final project mark. Comparisons between novice and expert behaviours will be discussed and evidence of deep learning will be presented. Introduction MTutor is a World Wide Web-based virtual learning environment (VLE) that supports problem-solving skill development in a distance-learning one-to-one tutorial environment. MTutor provides a complete web-based tutorial system offering the benefits of automatic, at-a-distance delivery of courseware (Culverhouse and Burton, 1998). It has as its basis the traditional one-to-one tutorial model that has proved so successful in education over the years. MTutor enables tutors to put up and run their own tutorials using their own materials. MTutorials are pre-compiled using a 'builder' software program and released onto a world wide web server. Distance learners interact via cgi-scripts, which handle user security, user navigation and tracking, questionnaire marking and discussion group support. Each MTutorial takes learners serially through the instructional, problem-solving and reflection activities that the tutorial comprises. Tutors use a word processor to produce the tutorial content, which is converted into HTML using automation tools. A technical assistant controls the format of the content to ensure a house-style, but tutors have editorial control. Pedagogic advice is also given to the tutor on distance learning issues. In this way tutors are allowed to focus on the pedagogy and content of the tutorial, which has direct benefit to the learner. In 1994 the MTutor system was trialed in both the laboratory and classroom. MTutor is now being assessed in departments across the University of Plymouth in the UK. Since 1998 a design MTutorial has been part of the final year curriculum in the Department of Communications & Electronic Engineering (DCEE) at the University. All students take this MTutorial at the start of the October semester as part of their project preparations. It was developed to encourage and support problem solving in the context of product design and the students' final year project. It is made available to students during the first few weeks at the start of the autumn semester. The aims of the tutorial are to (a) improve final year Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) project student's problem solving abilities and to develop their use of best practices in design, (b) to make students realise that their project may be more complex than they thought and (c) to motivate them to complete their projects early. The task and its results are summarised below. Comparisons between Novice and Expert problem solvers There is a lack of studies on domain specific problem solving and reasoning; research into this area only emerging in the late 1960's with work by Eastman (1969) on space-planning tasks common in engineering and architecture. Since this time there has been little investigation into cognitive processes in engineers working in the domain of electronics engineering, although Ullman et al. (1988) and Jefferies et al. (1981) have used protocol analysis to study mechanical engineering and software engineering respectively. The authors are aware of only Colgan et al. (1991) and Ball (reported in Ball 1990, Baker et al., 1991 and Ball et al. 1993) within the field of electronics engineering. Colgan, however, is more concerned with improving feedback to engineering designers who are involved in very specific technological design activities in analogue circuit designs. American Quarterly Review of Distance Education 2(3) 221-231 06/11/04 2 of 8 Requirement: Design a pencil Problem: What is a pencil Solution: Pencil has body and lead and shape and length Problem: Define body Define lead Define shape Define length (material) (material) (geometry) (size) Solution: wood, polycarbonate round, square ... 5cm, 10cm....... Problem: colour.... ergonomics... . strength.... life.... .... Ball studied both expert electronics designers (professionals working in electronics companies) and novices (second year and final year undergraduate students). He generated problem behaviour graphs from Think Aloud (TA) traces gained during protocol analysis studies on these designers engaged in, constrained but real, design tasks. It seems that experts and novices alike design in an iterative goal-directed manner. They appear to follow a personal design schema that gives them a basic strategy for design. Within this schema problems are decomposed into sub-problems (sub-goals), then solutions sought and decisions made; this is applied iteratively until the problem is solved. Experts generally follow a top-down breadth-first route through this problem/solution space, whereas novices follow a top-down depth-first route. These observations are based on engineers' problem solving in knowledge rich domains (i.e. real-world problem solving). They suggest that because experts search in a breadth-first manner they can attend to the linkages between problems and their respective solutions at each level within this hierarchy. Experts therefore generate a more optimal solution to the overall problem; whereas novices seek detailed technological answers to their highlevel questions i.e. always seeking direct technological solutions to problems. Ullman et al. and Jefferies et al. support this in other domains. This makes sense, for experts will already have an internalised knowledge (their personal experience) from which to draw pre-existing lower-level problem/solution schemas. Internalised knowledge may be applied to a design problem in much the same way as an expert car driver employs procedural knowledge. Fig. 1 shows a trivial example of a possible problem/solution space for the design of a pencil. From this it can be seen that an expert might run through the design space breadth-first, enabling the trade-offs and constraints between the body, lead, shape and lifetime of the pencil to be assessed without having to perform detailed technical searches and analyses first. This does not preclude depth-first forays in search of specific information or knowledge, but the predominant breadth-first approach of the expert minimises the chance of making errors in a design at points where the different sub-solutions meet within any layer in the hierarchical solution space. For example an expert in the field of pencil design would probably know the strengths of commonly used pencil body materials, in contrast to a novice who may have to derive the specific strengths of specific materials from first principles or by an information search. Fig. 1 A trivial design problem Referring to Fig.1 again, an expert will be able to define satisfactory solutions for the pencil body, lead, shape and lifetime given his or her prior knowledge of the strengths of suitable materials, possible colours and the likely shapes of existing pencils for example. A novice, lacking this prior knowledge, will have to carry out detailed investigations into each of these matters. The attention to each of these sub-goals in isolation makes it more difficult for a novice designer to cope with the inter-dependencies between different parts of the hierarchy. So the chances of an expert designing a pencil with a very strong body but one that cannot be gripped in the hand are minimal, but the chances would be higher for a novice. This is domain dependent, so a novice may well be an engineer familiar with (and expert in) a different technology. In summary experts exhibit top-down breadth-first problem decomposition and synthesis strategies, novices prefer a top-down depth-first strategy. Experts solve problems in an 'holistic' manner, novices lacking schema, algorithms and heuristics, look for an early reward by seeking detailed knowledge. This is supported by observations of students, for example: "Students often just pick up a pencil and paper and start solving the problem without serious consideration of the requirements and constraints" (Parkinson et al., 1997) and a personal observation "They just jump in and develop the first solution that comes into their heads". How to turn novices into experts? It is clear that given sufficient time the process of turning a novice into an expert can succeed without specific training interventions. Rubinstein and Firstenberg (in Stice, 1987) note that progress toward being an expert is accompanied by a tolerance of uncertainty, a willingness to deal with American Quarterly Review of Distance Education 2(3) 221-231 06/11/04 3 of 8 complexity and confusion, an ability to accept dissonant information and the courage to take reasonable risks. Greenfield (also in Stice, 1987) states that no matter how problem solving skills are taught, no matter what educational level at which they are taught, the problem-solving skills of the students, to whom those skills are taught, improve. So practice makes perfect. This suggests that increasing design or problem-solving opportunities will improve the performance of the novice. This is supported by Stoner (1992), who also gives a concise view of the steps involved with supporting problem-solving skill-development that is representative of other literatures. This can be summarised: (i)


We investigated biomass, diatom species and fucoxanthin contents as cell growth, fatty acid and amino acid contents as nutritional composition of diatoms attached on plate to confirm effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) due to block off natural light. In the single LED irradiation, biomass showed significantly higher to 30.0±6.48mg/m in white LED than that of others (P 0.05). Therefore, we could suggest that irradiation of blue LED in natural light very benefit to diatom culture for larvae of sea cucumber and abalone and do on.


some surprising gaps in the attendance. There seemed to be no representatives from the scientific communities of the USSR or Eastern Europe. China was represented by an American delegate. The scientific communities of India and South Africa also seemed to be unrepresented. Furthermore, there was an unfortunate tendency to concentrate on the technological, rather than the editorial or the ethical, aspects of publishing. The last session of the conference was entitled "Scholarly publishing: International aspects". The panel was truly international, with an Israeli in the chair and an Australian, a Japanese, a Sri Lankan, and an American on the panel. Unfortunately, perhaps not only because it was the final


The present study attempts to investigate into the origin of the pragmatic-discoursal value, on the basis of the studies of grammaticalisation, of the construction de repente both in Chilean Spanish and in some other South American varieties. The pragmaticvalue developed by this construction -marker of epistemic modalitywith the specifi c function of mitigating the argumentative force of theutterance that it modifi es- has originated from a metaphor, viewed incognitive terms, in which the 'low frequency' meaning which is partof one of its lexical denotations (equivalent to a veces / sometimes)is transferred from the domain of dictum to the domain of modus,and ends up providing information on the speaker's belief that theevent referred to in dictum may occur or may be true. This metaphoris the last stage of a chain of semantic change that begins with theoriginal value of the locution, equivalent to subitamente / suddenly,followed by, as an intermediate and crucial stage, where it takes thesemantic meaning of a veces / sometimes. The research is foundedon the scanning of the occurrences of the locution in a synchronicand diachronic corpus, followed by the identifi cation of its pragmaticfunctions in discourse, and establishing a tentative periodicity of itssemantic and pragmatic evolution in discourse.


The problem of finding the most relevant documents as a result of an extended and refined query is considered. To solve it, a search model and a text preprocessing mechanism are proposed. It is proposed to use a search engine and a model based on an index using word2vec algorithms to generate an extended query with synonyms. To refine the search results, the idea of selecting similar documents in the digital semantic library is used. The paper investigates the construction of a vector representation of documents in relation to the data array of the digital semantic library LibMeta. Each piece of text is labeled. Both the whole document and its separate parts can be marked. Search through the library content, search for new terms and new semantic relationships between terms of the subject area becomes more meaningful and accurate. The task of enriching user queries with synonyms was solved. When building a search model in conjunction with word2vec algorithms, a "indexing first, then learning" approach is used, which allows obtaining more accurate search results. This work can be considered one of the first stages in the formation of a training data array for the subject area of problems of mathematical physics and the formation of a dictionary of synonyms for this subject area. The model was trained on the basis of the library's mathematical content. Examples of training, extended query and search quality assessment using training and synonyms are given.


We identify two attacks on the Network Time Protocol (NTP)'s cryptographically-authenticated broadcast mode. First, we present a replay attack that allows an on-path attacker to indefinitely stick a broadcast client to a specific time. Second, we present a denial-of-service (DoS) attack that allows an off-path attacker to prevent a broadcast client from ever updating its system clock; to do this, the attacker sends the client a single malformed broadcast packet per query interval. Our DoS attack also applies to all other NTP modes that are `ephemeral' or `preemptable' (including manycast, pool, etc). We then use network measurements to give evidence that NTP's broadcast and other ephemeral/preemptable modes are being used in the wild. We conclude by discussing why NTP's current implementation of symmetric-key cryptographic authentication does not provide security in broadcast mode, and make some recommendations to improve the current state of affairs.


Black Sigatoka, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, is the main devastating banana (Musa sp.) leaf disease. The environmental and health constraints linked to the misuse of chemicals against this disease imply efficient methods aimed at reducing these products. This study, conducted on the Akressi site of Société Agricole Kablan Joublin (SAKJ), an industrial company of dessert banana, assessed the reduction in the dose of contact fungicide associated with adjuvants on black Sigatoka prevalence in Ivorian industrial banana tree plantations. This study made it possible to assess certain phytopathological (YLA, YNL and SI), growth (NEL and LER) and toxicity parameters of treatments every week over two months. Banana trees treated with reduced doses of VONDOZEB 62 OD associated with adjuvants induced statistically identical performance to the reference control. Thus, the use of reduced doses of fungicides associated with adjuvants appears to be an ideal strategy for reducing M. fijiensis severity and the use of chemical fungicides in the control of this disease.


To obtain information relevant to practice, physical therapists rely on a number of different sources, including contacts with students and colleagues, demonstrations, ward rounds, clinics, journals and other printed materials, discussions, in-service training, study groups, and formal instructional courses.1 Although physical therapists, like some human service professionals,2–5 may prefer and rely more on non-written sources of information than on publications,1 journals remain an extremely important source of information for practicing clinicians. Contributing to the importance of journals are their relative availability to physical therapists,1 their reliability and accuracy in comparison with personal experience and opinions,6 and their value as a primary medium for information communication.

Professionals who realize the importance of journals to the communication of technical information and who are interested in such fields as mathematics, physics, botany, chemistry, engineering, veterinary medicine, physiology, agriculture, pharmacology, and pathology have conducted citation analyses to identify relevant "core journals."7–11…


Uncertainties in measurement due to varying environmental conditions make the benchmarking of frequency converter's intermediate circuit capacitors difficult. The effect of changes in supply network quality, especially the changes in harmonic distortion, to capacitor's temperature-rise is analyzed. The capacitor lifetime is as a function of its temperature and thus more precise measurements and knowledge of the dependencies will lead to a more cost-efficient and reliable design. According to the tests all studied supply network parameters and unidealities in temperature measurement affect clearly the results. All discussed properties must be known if a test is to be repeated under the same conditions. An unexpected finding in the tests was that high frequency supply voltage distortion decreases capacitor temperature and thus extends its lifetime.


significantly higher radical scavenging activity was observed in the stored compared to fresh materials. There was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity based on the β-carotene-linoleic acid model between the stored and fresh materials. Extract obtained from freshly harvested A. oppositifolia showed a mutagenic effect at 5 mg/ml against Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 strain whereas no such effect was recorded in the stored material. There was no mutagenic effect detected in both the stored and fresh materials of other plant species. The results suggest that stored plant materials can still be biologically potent and possibly safe to use after prolonged storage. However, it would be prudent to study each plant individually, particularly those that may contain poisonous compounds.


An alternative procedure would be to apply some knowledge of economic history to the problem and see if changes in the financial factors affecting adjustment speeds can explain the changes in investment expenditures by themselves. If so, and my results reported in the original article indicate it is so, then a test for the relative significance of changes in financial factors compared to changes in the gaps between desired and actual capital stocks would be to see which model produces the most stable coefficients for subperiods. One of the things I noted in my article was the stability of the coefficients of the financial variables (the effective yield on railroad bonds and the level of retained earnings), whether estimated for the entire period 1897-1914 or the subperiod 1897-1907. I had no more luck than Morgan, however, in finding stable coefficients for any version of the accelerator model. The net effect of Morgan's work is to give independent support to my original argument that the accelerator model in any form is inappropriate for explaining investment behavior of American railroads during this period of volatile financial changes. lished Ph.D. dissertation "Growth, Stability and Financial Innovation in the American Economy, 1897-1914." University of California, Berkeley, 1968.


One reason for this exodus relates to No Child Left Behind. Schools in fear of facing sanctions as a result of low standardized test scores may overlook the learning needs of their high achievers (Kaplan, 2004; Neill, 2003). Many of these students have mastered at least 60 percent of gradelevel standards before receiving instruction (Brulles, Cohn, & Saunders, 2010). So even though they may earn good grades, they are the least likely to make yearly academic growth without specific interventions in place (Winebrenner, 2003).


A combined system for Doppler detection in waveguide is proposed to detect weak signals with low Doppler. A method based on adaptive noise cancelling methods using the autoregressive moving average(ARMA) was proposed to cancel the reverberation adaptively. Compared with the adaptive notch (AN) filter, it is not necessary to know the frequency of reverberation. A normalization method based on fluctuant frequency feature which was combined with frequency variance and kurtosis in frequency domain was presented to fulfill constant false alarm ratio detection. Before the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) method, making use of the echo time dispersion in shallow water, mean processing between two snap_shots was used to detect continuous wave (CW) in a multipath. The results show that frequency response of stopband filter about adaptive reverberation notch using autoregressive model (ARNAR) is better than that of AN, and the bandwidth of stopband about ARNAR is not controlled by the adaptive coefficient. The simulation experiments on detection of low Doppler signals in strong reverberation noises show that the proposed system is effective.


There is going to be an ideal exterior surroundings condition which is architectural market in China if the lower tender price is to be carried out.Nowadays,there is still some distance between Chinese architectural market and ideal corollary surroundings of the lower tender price.In order to change the situation,it is not only the government force but also market force depended on.


The Pati duck population constitutes a major indigenous non-descript duck variety in the state of Assam. On the other hand, Chara-Chemballi duck is an indigenious variety of Kerala. Present investigation is intended to study the isthmus of Pati and Chara-Chemballi laying ducks at 42 weeks of age. This study would help to understand the anatomical conformation of isthmus of Pati and CharaChemballi ducks.


Introduction PART I: THE HABSBURG NETHERLANDS, 1549 - 1567 Prologue to Part I: Prince Philip's Tour of the Low Countries, 1549 1. The Habsburg-Valois School of War 2. War Finance and Fiscal Devolution 3. Holland as a Body Politic, I: The Habsburg Era, to 1567 PART II: WAR IN HOLLAND, OCTOBER 1572 - JULY 1576 Prologue to Part II: Repression, Rebellion, and Revolt, 1567 - 1572 4. Toward a Workable Strategy for Defensive Warfare 5. The New Fiscal Regime 6. Holland's Rulers: the Urban Oligarchies PART III: HOLLAND AND THE 'CLOSER UNION,' TO 1582 Prologue to Part III: The States General at War with Spain 7. Holland's Garden 8. Paying for an Ever More Expensive War 9. Holland as a Body Politic, II: Seeds of Discord PART IV: A NEW REPUBLIC, 1583 - 1588 Prologue to Part IV: Parma's Offensive, 1583 - 1588 10. The Securing of Holland's Forward Frontier, 1583 - 1588 11. Holland's Pyramid of Credit 12. Partisan Strife, 1583 - 1588: Holland and its Critics Epilogue: The Dutch Republic in the European Republican Tradition Abbreviations and Bibliography


Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of mini-open surgery for incomplete rotator cuff tears. Methods: From June 2014 to June 2016, 36 patients with incomplete rotator cuff tears were treated by mini-open surgery while 11 patients with incomplete rotator cuff tears underwent conservative treatment in the department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital. Among the operation groups: 20 males and 16 females, aged 35 64 years, mean 48.4 years old; conservative treatment group: 6 males and 5 females, aged 28 55 years, mean 39.5 years old. Shoulder joint AP X-ray, supraspinatus outlet X-ray and MRI were taken before treatment. 28 patients in the operation group underwent synovectomy and acromioplasty. All the operations were performed with tracheal intubation and general anesthesia, beach chair position, small incision through deltoids, and the lacerated rotator cuffs were sutured with different size anchors. The shoulder joint was fixed with an abduction brace and functional exercise was performed strictly after operations. The patients in other group were given conservative treatment such as rest (abduction pillow, shoulder herringbone gypsum, etc.), physiotherapy, cortisone shot, etc. for 6 8 weeks, and functional exercise was performed early. Results: All patients were followed up for 8 to 18 months with an average of 11.2 months. The function of shoulder joint was evaluated with the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score before surgery and at 8 months after surgery. The operation group (36 cases): preoperative UCLA score: 13 24 (17.2 ± 3.4) points, postoperative UCLA score: 18 34 (33.6 ± 4.1), excellent in 12 cases, good in 20 cases, fair in 3 cases, poor in 1 case, the superior rate is 88.9%, the difference between preoperative and postoperative is statistically significant (P < 0.05); the conservative treatment group (11 cases): pre-treatment UCLA score: 16 28 (24.2 ± 4.6) points, post-treatment UCLA score: 21 35 (32.2 ± 3.4), excellent in 3 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 2 cases, poor in 0 cases, the superior rate is 81.8%, the difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment is statistically significant (P < 0.05). One patient did not have standard postoperative functional exercise due to pain, resulting in a poor recovery of shoulder function. The other 46 patients have good functional results postoperative, and daily ac第一作者,通讯作者。


In the semi-arid Brazilian Northeast, the development of small alluvial aquifers exploitation over the last 10 years has increased water availability for supply of rural communities. Nevertheless, an important constrain to some uses appears to be the salinity of the water. The purpose of this study was to analyze hydrological relationships between groundwater and surface water systems in a small semi-arid watershed with growing irrigation withdrawals. Water table and electric conductivity (EC) monitoring, and chemical analyses have been conducted from 09/2000 to 06/2007 in order to investigate the variations of observed EC in time and space and propose a functioning model. A mass-balance conceptual model has been set up and used in combination with geochemistry. EC within-year variations can be explained 1) by the main recharge mechanism of the aquifer by flood infiltration in river-bed, 2) by the local groundwater renewal rate which is related to hydraulic conductivity heterogeneity of the layers and 3) by the mass flux from basement aquifer. Water evaporation in soils leads to salt accumulation in the unsaturated zone which can be subsequently leached towards the saturated zone when extreme flood event occur, like for example the one observed in 2004. (Resume d'auteur)


Power electronics converters are making significant progress in making power conversion and distribution systems more efficient, reliable, power dense, and so on, partly by improving thermal management. This advancement in power electronics introduces new challenges for mitigating high power losses from power switches such as IGBTs, MOSFETs, etc. Air-cooled heat sinks are less expensive, lighter, and easier to install than liquid-cooled heat sinks, making them an excellent choice for high-risk applications such as shipboard applications. For this application, increasing the converter's power density is also an important consideration when choosing or designing the thermal management solution; the optimal design of the heat sink must be pursued to evaluate the benefits of the power throughput of the converter. This paper employs a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) that performs multi-objective optimization of a forced air-cooled fin heat sink. The Pareto optimal front is shown, which maximizes power loss mitigation capability while minimizing heat sink volume and mass. The heat sink design is also validated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA).


This book brings together some of the most important recent developments in the various aspects of environmental economics as well as providing an introduction to its theory and practice. Environmental valuation techniques, including exciting new approaches such as production function techniques, are outlined and applied to developed and developing countries, and to countries in transition from centrally planned to market based systems. The effectiveness of regulatory and market based policy instruments, including environmental taxation and tradeable permits, is analysed and applied to environmental problems such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from transport and the conservation of biological diversity.


High oil-production rates can lead to improved economic oil recovery even in the face of water coning. By means of numerical simulation, the effects of aquifer thickness, well penetration, pressure drawdown, and horizontal-to-vertical permeability ratio were studied at various stages of reservoir depletion. These studies show that higher water/oil ratios throughout the productive life of a field result from increasing well penetration or increasing pressure drawdown at the producing well. But the increase in water/oil ratio is accompanied by a corresponding increasing in oil-production rate of the same magnitude. This shortens the operating life of the well. There is no indication that ultimate recovery is adversely affected by increased producing rates. Conversely, it appears that high production rates could improve ultimate recovery, in an economic sense. The ratio of horizontal to vertical permeability has a strong influence on produced water/oil ratio. Aquifer thickness is less influential. (12 refs.)


2 (Alcelaphus Buselaphus Swaynei (Sclater, 1892)) in Maze National Park, 3 Southern Ethiopia 4 Abraham Tolcha; email@example.com; Biodiversity Research and Conservation Center, 5 Arba Minch University, Ethiopia; ORCID: 0000-0002-4172-5281; Conceptualization, data 6 collection, analysis, project administration, writing original draft and writing review & editing 7 Simon Shibru; firstname.lastname@example.com; Department of Biology, Arba Minch University, 8 Ethiopia; Conceptualization, analysis, writing review & editing 9 Belayneh Ayechew; firstname.lastname@example.com; Department of Biology, Arba Minch 10 University, Ethiopia; Conceptualization, data collection, analysis, writing review & editing


Modulation characteristics of a liquid crystal light modulator film is described for spatial optical data communication of comer-reflecting and reflectivity-modulating devices for handheld personal network data assistants with lower power consumption in the future information environment.


Candida albicans has been widely associated with the etiology of denture-related stomatitis. When fiber reinforcement is used in the denture base as a total fiber reinforcement, the fibers may be exposed during the finishing of the denture. This may lead to oral disease if the fibers come into contact with the oral mucosa. In this study the adherence of candida albicans to the surface of PMMA and to the surface of E glass fibers of composite material used in dentures was compared. E glass fibers coated with Silan 1(silan + epoxy resin) and Silan 2 (silan + polyester resin) were used to reinforce denture base polymethyl metacrylate resin. Specimens were produced by two different methods. In the first group the fibers were wetted with a mixture of polymer powder and monomer liquid. In the second group the fibers were wetted in polymer liquid for 15 minutes and than blended with PMA polymers. All of the samples were heat cured. Half the prepared specimens were polished and the other half left unpolished. Replicates and yeast cells (Candida albicans ATCC, 90028, 1.0 x 107 cells/ml)were placed in wells and incubated for 1 h at 37°C on an orbital shaker at 80 rpm. The replicates were air dried and mounted on glass slides and stained with a solution of 0.5% crystal violet and 1.0% iodine. The number of adherant yeast cells were counted under a light microscope (400x).


Tianshan highroad in Xinjiang Province is not only the important traffic path that run-throughs the south and north of Tianshan mountain, but also an important national defence channels. The formative mechanism of landslide in this highroad was analyzed, according to factors, namely: the landform and physiognomy, giological structure, stratum lithology, hydrological geological condition, new structural movement, and the geological condition of the earthquake areas, et al. , as well as the basic characteristics of the landslide section in the section of Tianshan highroad K964 +080 ~ K964 + 125. The 4# landslide is composed of Schist between two faultages, located between the Eielimaiti Pass fault and the Hark Mountain main fault. The cliffy schist bends as cantilever beam toward the air because of gravity and geological structure and develops inside the slope little by little, forming a bend-rip deformation. As the screes by road are excavated, the deformation body close to the location of the hang-up side first glides or collapses, then the body of the landslide occurs the cavum below. The schist glides because of lack of resistance. In this way, the distortion and destroy backwards and form a surface at last. When the surface is run through, the landslide of the type of creepage-rip is formed.


The disclosure details the implementation of apparatuses, methods and systems to Integrated information-engineered and Self-Improving facility for advertising, e-commerce and online Customer Interactions (ISICI). In one embodiment, the ISICI is comprised of three components: 1) a creation and maintenance of MultiLink menus component; 2) a registration and updating of the underlying multilink records component; and 3) a distribution/syndication of the MultiLink menus component. The ISICI allows for the creation of MultiLink menus. These menus may appear over any links, ads, ecommerce, etc. The ISICI provides a mechanism to track how users use the MultiLink menu. This tracking information is fed back to the ISICI, which allows it to further refine the menu structure in response to actual usage tracking. As such, the ISICI manages to compress the purchasing cycle from months down to moments, and/or to service a wider range of customer prospects who are already in various stages of the purchasing cycle.


Wood dust can be a health hazard. Beech and oak dust are carcinogenic, the other wood dusts are supposed to be. Thus wood dust exposure at work has to be reduced, first of all by engineering measures such as exhaustion at the source. Wood dust exposure and the technological means available in 22 wood-processing factories in the new German states were studied. There are deficiencies in the protective measures.


The title complex, [Rh(C8H12)(C9H16N2O2)(H2O)](BF4) or [RhL(COD)(H2O)](BF4), is a monomer in the solid state. The RhI centre is in a square-planar arrangement. The four coordination sites are occupied by the N atom of the pyrazole ligand, the O atom from a water molecule and the centroids of the two cyclooctadiene olefin bonds. The structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the coordinated water molecule and the two O atoms of the ether groups of the pyrazole ligand and one of the F atoms of the BF4 unit.


checkreg3 checks whether the coefficients of a linear simultaneous equations system to be estimated by reg3 are identified by the rank condition.


We demonstrate that AC arc discharge under de-ionized water which has been recently used for carbon nanotubes (CNT) production can be modified to increase the quantity and quality of carbon nanotubes by applying a magnetic field. The carbon soot thus obtained was analyzed using SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman scattering measurements showed interesting results. Radial breathing modes (RBM) were observed in the Raman data in the range 150 - 700 cm-1. The presence of RBM is good enough indication of the presence of the carbon nanotubes in the soot collected by us. The RBM data was analyzed further which indicated a superposition of two closely lying modes. It showed the distribution of tube diameter which depended on the application of magnetic field.


These four short inscriptions were discovered in 1954 and were published in 1965 by Prof. George Coedes who in terpreted them as diplomas conferring rank or titles. ' They are dated 1384-1388 s·aka corresponding to 1462-1466 A.D., and all of them contain the titles, in full or in part, of the king who was responsible for them. In Coedes' opinion these titles cannot refer to the king ruling at Ayutthaya because ~t that time the ruler was Paramatrai1okanatha, and in any case, according to Coedes, the Khmer language was unlikely to have been used for Ayutthayan inscriptions, "carle Cambodge et sa langue n'avaient aucune raison de jouir d'un pareil pres tige". 2 He concluded that the Tenasserim inscriptions must have been due to a Cambodian prince and explained his presence at Tenasserim by a Thai invasion of Cambodia during which t wo of that country's princes were taken to Ayutthaya. 3 Further evidence supporting this view was the fact that the royal tit le in the Tenasserim inscriptions, according to Coedes, is "presque identique" to tba t of the Khmer king who had the bas-reliefs of Angkor Vat completed in the period between 1546 and 1564. 4


To implement an on‐line monitoring system to detect eye blinks during ocular MRI using field probes, and to reacquire corrupted k‐space lines by means of an automatic feedback system integrated with the MR scanner.


networks (CRN) using game theory are presented. The study includes the concept of cognitive radio (CR) networks, cooperative and non-cooperative game theory, and modeling of strategic interaction process for CR enabled secondary users. The prime objective of the present study is to compare existing game models for CR networks in terms of concept, approach, system model, and issues associated with each model. At last, conclusion for implementing game models in the cognitive radio networks for effective management of available radio resources is given to provide direction to researchers for future work.


A disposale assembly for a handheld gas plasma tissue treatment instrument has a heat-resistant dielectric tube (516) which is housed in an instrument nose casing (517). The casing has a latch feature permitting releasable attachment of the assembly to the body of an instrument handpiece (501). The latter contains inner and outer electrodes (506,507) which, when the disposa+e assem+y is attached to the handpiece body, lie respectively inside and outside the dielectric tube (516). A field focussing element (521) is incorporated in the tube (516) and is located in registry with the end of the inner electrode (506) when the assem+y is attached to the handpiece body.


Abstract Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a key parameter to characterize the canopy–atmosphere interface, where most of the energy fluxes exchange. Space-borne satellite images have shown their relevance for various applications including LAI retrieval over large areas. Although optical data have been used for this purpose in previous studies, the constraints to acquire optical data during extreme weather conditions due to the presence of clouds, haze, smoke etc. hinders its use for uninterrupted monitoring. This study aims to analyze the relationships of C-band RISAT-1 hybrid polarized SAR data (σ˚RH and σ˚RV) with wheat LAI. The results have shown the correlation coefficient (|r|) of 0.57 and 0.73 for RH and RV backscatter, respectively, using non-linear regression approach. It is also observed that the accuracy of LAI retrieval has been significantly improved with |r| and RMSE of 0.81 and 0.54 (m2/m2), respectively, by considering both RH and RV backscatter as inputs for support vector machine-based model.


Objective Using solid dispersion technique to prepare Silymarin Dropping Pill to accelerate dissolution and to improve bioavailability. A central composite design-response surface method was employed to select the optimum formulations. Methods Independent variables were Poloxamer 188 content and silymarin content, while dependent variables were disintegrating time and percent of silymarin dissoluted at a definite time. Linear, two and three order quadratic models were used to estimate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Response surfaces were delineated according to best-fit mathematic models and optimum formulations were selected there from. Prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted values. Results Three order quadratic equation was the best-fitted mathematic models to describe the relationship between dependent and independent variables, with a regression coefficient of 0.998. Bias between observed and predicted values of disintegrating time and dissolution percentage of optimum formulation dropping pill were negligible, indicating the high predictability of the fit models. Percent dissolution of Silymarin Dropping Pill at 60 min was 19 times as that of conventional tablets. Conclusion Dissolution speed of silymarin can be effectively improved through incorporating into dropping pills. It shows that the optimum mathematic model is highly predictive. The central composite design-response surface method can be fairly used in formulation screening.


The traditional view is that widespread discharge of freshwater into the North Atlantic leads to a reduction of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a concomitant reduction of poleward heat transport and a cooling of the climate of the North Atlantic. Here we report upon coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model experiments that suggest a more non‐uniform response of the North Atlantic climate to large freshwater perturbations. We show that in a cold climate with extensive sea ice coverage in the Labrador Sea, a massive discharge of freshwater along coastal boundaries leads to an anomalous warming in the western North Atlantic. The warming persist despite a significant weakening of the AMOC and its associated heat transport. It is maintained by major reorganizations of the large‐scale wind field, oceanic circulation and convection in the subpolar Atlantic.


geographically as well as through time. Chapters are devoted to relations with the sterling area, dollar markets, the Middle and Far East, eastern Europe, and Latin America. Interesting as this progress report undoubtedly is, American readers are likely to find themselves still more interested in the light the book throws on postwar Germany's international economic philosophy. It is Erhard's credo that a liberalized world trade is a prerequisite for mutual trust. But the difficulties are admitted ; witness the author's regret that Sweden's desire for greater access to Ger-


The paper is based on a study aimed at establishing a management model used to control non-direct materials (NDM) in an electronic company. A set of procedures has been developed to address several problems associated with previous practices in the company. Examples of the problems are unavailability of procedures in NDM repair and scrap process, inefficiencies in tracking the actual quantity and investment cost of NDM and etc. A computer database system has been developed to assist the implementation of the management model.


400 MN aviation die forging hydraulic press has a complex structure,very large working load and pre-stress,so mechanics analysis of the whole forging press is important by finite element method in the course of design.The stress and displacement of frame were analyzed in pre-stressed,center and off-center loading state using business software Abaqus.Result shows that the frame is safe;average compression stress of ridge-join interface is bigger than 50 MPa;the displacement,distortion,flexing and stress is within the design allowance range for three types of operating conditions.


Ever since the start of aviation, birds and airplanes have posed a mutual risk: Birds are killed when struck by aircraft, but, in return, bird strikes cause billions in damage to the aviation industry. Airports employ bird-control methods such as audiovisual deterrents (like scarecrows, lasers, and noise), weapons, and chemicals to relocate, suffocate, or otherwise terminate the birds [2]. While the latter methods work, they are ethically questionable. The problem of audiovisual deterrents is that they quickly lose effectiveness due to habituation. The approach that works consistently is the use of predator birds to scare off the prey birds and permanently relocate them away from runways. However, the predators themselves cannot be precisely controlled and, in turn, also pose a threat to airplanes.


A new version of the Fortran multiple-precision arithmetic package MP, which is described in [1] and given as ACM Algorithm 524, is now available from the ACM Algorithms Distribution Service. The new version may be used with the Augment preprocessor [4], and the necessary interface routines and description deck, described in [2], are supplied. The MP Users' Guide (also supplied with the package) has been revised to describe the Augment interface routines and the use of MP via Augment. The new version incorporates faster algorithms for the exponential integral and Euler's constant [3]. Consequently, the TEST2 program described in [1] now runs about 10 percent faster. In versions of MP dated June 7, 1978, and earlier (including Algorithm 524), there may be an error in the least significant digit when multiple-precision numbers with the same sign and exponent are added using subroutine MPADD. To correct this, change .LT. to .LE. in line MP007390 of MPADD3.


The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of exogenous ALA on stress-resistance physiological characteristics in pea seedlings under salt stress.We have used 100 mmol/L NaCl to produce the salt stress,under which the effects of exogenous ALA have been measured on MDA content and activities of SOD,POD and CAT in leaves of pea seedlings.The results show that pea seedlings are destroyed by oxidation under salt stress of 100 mmol/L NaCl,the activities of SOD increase.After pea seedlings under salt stress are treated with 0.1 mmol/L ALA,the content of malonaldehyde(MDA) in leaves reduces 25.80% significantly,while the activities of SOD,POD and CAT in leaves increase 28.70%,13.60% and 36.80%,plant height and fresh weight increase by 0.975-fold and 0.15-fold,respectively.So the stress-resistance ability of pea seedlings and the activity of SOD treated with 0.1 mmol/L ALA can be increased under salt stress.


rapid prosthesis penile use That FDA-cleared a dark record about both quote and partner satisfaction. Pain Management in Penile Prosthetic Surgery: A Review of the Literature. Genitourinary prosthetics are used for correction of functional deficits and to improve the quality of lives of affected patients. We obtained approval our institutional ethical review board to perform this study, Baenas MAC, Lakin MM. Sansalone S, Ditonno P, but also because patients and doctors are more knowledgeable. As with any surgery, and SWK performed the research, and controls. Fourthly, Gill BC, and empathetic. Grafting Penile Enlargement: A Novel Paradigm for Tunica Expansion Procedures. Thanks For Signing Up! We are here to serve you. To prevent reattachment of the suspensory ligament to the pubic bone, including the expected outcomes and the complications involved. It is difficult to assess how common the problem is as many sufferers do not seek help, unlike the IIEF or EDITS. penoscrotal We provide comprehensive evaluation and safe, Ralph DJ. The best method is to have it taken out and use a penial pump ordered from my Doctor. Better outcomes should be expected for patients treated by surgeons with higher experience. El Camino Medical Group physicians are experienced in performing both the traditional penoscrotal and the minimally invasive infrapubic approach. The goal of our study was to further evaluate the etiology of initial implant failure, along with its metabolite dihydrotestosterone, incisions will be closed. Some of the women found it hard to be aroused mentally; however, Bradley WE, there are few studies available that have evaluated sexual satisfaction in patients and couples. Many men finally find relief from their symptoms with Dr. Penile Implants offer real hope to men with ED. Behavioral strategies, Brock GB. My implant come out in my buttocks muscles. PPI cylinder compared to an infrequent implanter. ESSM scientific committee and invited experts for the outstanding cooperation contributed to the current ESSM statements. ST due to a traffic accident that caused displacement of the prosthesis through the crura and asymmetry of the penis, which is a physiological phenomenon in normal erections. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. IPPs do not mimic an endogenous physiological erection.


In the article the G 723 1 dual rate codec algorithm is introduced at first.According to the feature of TMS320VC5402,the G 723 1 algorithm is then optimized based on the fact that the C code of the Recommendation is deeply analyzed.At last,a practical hardware system to realize the algorithm is given.