It is inevitable that a gain medium exists always in a practical laser resonator. Moreover, it is impossible to ensure the pump light intensity distribution in the laser medium is uniform. The inhomogeneous distribution of gain coefficient is inevitable because of the inhomogeneous distribution of pump light intensity in laser medium. So it is necessary to include gain coefficient distribution in the resolution of the self-reproducing field pattern. This paper provides math formulas and several instances of models of gain coefficient distribution to validate the feasibility and rationality of this approach to the resolution of self-reproducing field pattern of laser active resonator.


The exocyst subunit EXO70B1 is recruited to the plasma membrane by the immunity-related RIN4 protein and this change in localization is manipulated by a Pseudomonas syringae effector possibly to inhibit PAMP-triggered immunity.


This study demonstrates the potential use of recycled powder glass as cement replacement to prepare durable concrete and avoid infrastructure corrosion in tropical marine environments using limestone as fine and coarse aggregates. Samples for corrosion measurements were prepared with #3 (∼9.5 mm) bars and without reinforcement for carbonation, chloride penetration, and mechanical strength tests. Powder glass was used as partial cement replacement by 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % (weight percent). Over two years, the corrosion behavior of rebars was recorded through corrosion potential measurements and linear polarization resistance. In addition, carbonation depth and chloride penetration were analyzed from samples that were not reinforced. Results showed that replacing cement with glass does not change the mechanical strength at 28 days, but after 90 days of curing showed an increment as a function of time and recycled glass powder amount. The chloride penetration and the carbonation front are reduced substantially. Consequently, a moderate corrosion level was observed when the corrosion onset was established. Excellent corrosion protection was identified for a 0.70 water to cement ratio and 5 % cement replacement.


Compliant Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) or Gap pads are an important material set in many applications including automotive electronics. Commercially available Compliant TIMs exhibit significant time-dependent deformation under compression limiting their utility. While these materials are expected to enhance thermal transport by filling gaps, their (often viscoelastic) mechanical behavior is not well understood. Present work is aimed at the development of test procedures to identify time-dependent viscoelastic behavior of compliant TIMs and to correlate the mechanical response of the materials to experimentally measured effective thermal conductivity. Towards this end, a commercially available compliant TIM using dynamic mechanical tests on a specially constructed low-load mechanical tester at 25°C and 75°C. Sinusoidal displacement profiles are applied at frequencies ranging from 0.1/hr to 10/hr. The change in response as a result of cyclic loading, or softening due to cycling, is quantified over a period of 500 cycles. The eventual goal is to study the stresses transmitted to the solder joints through the TIMs as a result of applied pressures during heatsink assembly.


Reinterpretation of existing data and introduction of new evidence appear to indicate that this controversial muscle might better be treated as two muscles. Anatomically the lateral pterygoid in man and in the rhesus macaque has two distinct heads, superior and inferior. Biomechanically, the two heads posses different properties: the superior head has a closing moment (or perhaps no moment) while the inferior head has an opening moment. The findings are similar in the two species. Electromyographically the two heads show different activity patterns: the superior head is active during various jaw-closing movements only, while the inferior head is active during jaw-opening and protrusion only. Functionally, therefore, the lateral pterygoid of man and rhesus macaque appears to be two muscles.


: Rainfall and runoff erosivity factor (R) is a key input parameter to the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and many other models (RUSLE – Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, USPED – Unit Stream Power based Erosion/Deposition) There is still no precise characteristic of rainfall erosivity in Poland Local R factor values, according to Wischmeier and Smith procedure (1965, 1978) were calculated only for 13 meteorological stations The main aim of the paper is to estimate rainfall and runoff erosivity factor (R) for the Carpathian Foothills climatic region on the basis of 1987–2008 rainfall data for Łazy near Bochnia meteorological station (Wiśnicz Foothills) The average rainfall and runoff factor (R) for Łazy calculated for the years 1987–2008 equalled 106 6 MJ cm ha –1 h –1 This value was bigger in comparison with the values for other locations in western (Wrocław-Swojec), northern (Elbląg) northeastern (Suwałki) or central Poland (Otwock, Sandomierz, Puczniew) and similar to the values for the Carpathians (Lesko, Lima- nowa, Szymbark) The annual values of R factor for Łazy ranged between 27 7 in 1993 and 455 9 MJ cm ha –1 h –1 in 2006 Maximum monthly values of rainfall factor R r in a year varied from 6 1 in July (1993) to 428 7 MJ cm ha –1 h –1 in June (2006) The most intensive potential soil erosion by water due to erosivity of rains is likely to happen in June, July, May and August


Crud formation during reactive extraction hinders phase separation and makes the application of conventional extraction equipment more challenging. This study investigates the influence of amines a...


The recent variety of an employment status(condition) was begun with a change of an industrial structure. The beginning of Korea's key industries was with fiber, steel, shipbuilding, petrochemistry and so on. But it changed into IT. The change of an industrial structure resulted in a variety of an employment status, a working condition on the position of an employee. It is desirable for employees to work for a specific hour from the viewpoint of a production efficiency in the manufacturing business. But it is not good for an eating-out industry. In this kind of an industry, a working amount is changed by a specific time. Therefore, it depends on irregular workers such as part-time or dispatched workers.
The change of an employment status as well as an industrial structure altered a view of working and life, too. The society in which life(existence) itself was a goal in the past wants make a good living now. The workers of the highest education level in the world are trying to find the jobs that offer their social activity, self-development, leisure, free-time and they want to be the main group of working time and tasks.
This change of an employment status is caused by a social existence form. In an information communication society, now, going to the office, r attendanceJ is not the only labor-means any longer. The security of communication facilities makes workers work in the place near and far. Also some industries which have no regard for working time and place except for the sufficiency of economical efficiency and working's have appeared recently. Therefore, we can find that an employment status is varied. An employment of the temporary works such as part-time workers, dispatched workers, contract-workers, commission workers, subcontract workers, daily workers are preferred to regular workers nowadays and their percentage rapidly increased. but, in the society that attachs importance to an industrial structure, a corporate strategy and subjectivity of employees, this type of employment status will bring about a labor problem. This is an big issue between an employer and an employee and will keep on.
This paper investigates the main reason of a variety of an employment status varied by a corporate strategy as well as the change of an industrial structure and a view of working and life and finds the problems raised by them, and then views a labor market in the future.


The number of spina bifida (SB) patients reaching adulthood has significantly increased. Nonetheless, their transition to adolescence and independent life still carries major challenges. Many of these patients are required to adhere to several daily self-care tasks to maintain health. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate an educational program that promotes functional independence and self-management competencies in SB patients. Fifty-six adolescents with SB, aged 10 to 18 years, attending a summer camp experience were enrolled in a 7-sessions program based in psycho-educational strategies (problem solving; role playing; action plan, modeling). A before (T1) and after (T2 and follow-up T3) design was used to assess the impact of the program on functional independence, self-concept and selfesteem. The analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 21 (IBM). The adolescents achieved statistically significant gains in functionality, cognitive and motor domains with moderate to high effect sizes observed. Concerning the motor domain, improvement in self-care and bowel and bladder emptying activities were the most evident. The program had greatest impact in the motor domain of functionality (self-care, elimination, transfers), which remained six months later (follow up study). The program produced better effects in young patients aged 10 and 12 years without previous summer camps experience on camps, regardless of gender, level of injury, presence of hydrocephalus or type of mobility devices they used. In general, the results identify an improvement in self-management competences and functionality of young SB patients suggesting that the program was highly effective.


University (Greensboro). Data analysis and interpretation were also supported by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (Project No. 5641). The opinions expressed are those of the authors.


A Boolean function is called correlation-immune of degree n m if it takes the value 1 the same number of times for each m-dimensional face of the hypercube. Balanced correlationimmune function is called resilient. The almost balanced (or almost resilient) Boolean function is defined as a function taking values 1 in a half or in a half plus or minus one of vertices in each face. Here, some constructions of almost balanced functions are proposed, some properties and a low bound for the number of these functions are established.


In this talk I present my personal summary of the progress on the determination of the masses of the neutrinos and of the leptonic flavour mixing from the combined analysis of the experimental results.


Abstract Stenotheca cornu Wiman, 1903, from the Lower Cambrian of the South Bothnian area (southernmost Gulf of Bothnia), is redescribed and referred to the genus Lapworthella Cobbold, 1921. It is a small, cornute, phosphatic fossil with pronounced growth ridges crested with denticles, about 10–20 per mm. It differs from the Siberian L. dentata Missarzhevskij, 1969, in having less densely spaced denticles. The specimens described as L. dentata from the Strenuella Limestone at Comley, England, should be referred to L. cornu.


This note presents images of three dynamically different regions in the ocean to demonstrate the variety of mesoscale variabilities detected by the SEASAT synthetic-aperture radar (SAR). South of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, a cold eddy is observed to form as the result of the southward intrusion of Labrador Sea water, perhaps having led to the birth of a Gulf Stream extension ring. Off the northern coast of California, features resulting from the offshore intrusions of cold upwelling water are observed. Two topographically generated eddies are detected near Misteriosa Bank on the Cayman Ridge in the northwestern Caribbean. Comparisons are made with concurrent NOAA-5 infrared images whenever the eddies have thermal signatures.


According to the fidelity requirements of the ship driving simulator's simulation,this article mainly studies the dynamic response of the ship to the steering.First,establish the dynamic model of the ship under the influence of the wind and flow.The mathematical model belongs to the dynamic response of the linear type.Second,use the known ship's parameters to calculate the related values.Third,establish a simulation model based on Simulink to simulate the influence of the wind and flow on the ship maneuvering capability,in the meantime simulate the associated tests.We simulate the test of the ship rotation and the impact tests of ship handling performance under the wind flow influence.So that it can make the operator better understand the characteristics of the ship rotation and the wind flow's influence on the ship track.The combination of the model with driving simulator is mainly used to simulate the visual simulation after steering through the ship simulator,thus the users feel more realistic about its handling characteristics.


It is a pleasure to be here. Who wouldn't want to be in Paris – anytime – let alone in September? My comments today will focus on how over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives reform fits in with the broader financial reform agenda and those aspects of the reform effort in OTC derivatives that could potentially fall short relative to those broader objectives. My short answer, which I will elaborate on in my remarks, is that the OTC derivatives reform effort fits in very well with the broader reform agenda, but there are significant risks that we will fall short in this arena relative to what we are likely to achieve elsewhere.


We study the boundedness of the Hausdorff operator in various types of Lebesgue spaces, e.g. weighted spaces, variable exponent and grand Lebesgue spaces. The results are illustrated by a number of examples. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 28C99, 46E30, 47G10.


Oestrogen hormones play key roles in the human body, are involved in complex mechanisms, both beneficial and unwanted. Because semisynthetic oestrogens are commonly used today in various hormonal therapies, they has inevitably been linked to the appearance of certain carcinogenic processes, which are primarily based on oestrogen-based drugs, either as initiators or promoters. A promising alternative that can help reduce unwanted effects is to capture the active substance in a polymeric matrix that is capable of retaining its biological activity. In this study, activity on the viability of breast cancer cells with expressed oestrogen receptors of a polymeric formulation with ethinylestradiol and polylactic acid was evaluated.


Tsai et al make a strong case for total neoadjuvant therapy in the treatment of patients with clearly resectable cancer. They enumerate the advantages (guaranteed treatment of micrometastatic disease and early discovery of resection-obviating chemoresistant disease) and mention most of the disadvantages (rare local tumor progression, biliary stent, and difficulties with travel to a tertiary center) of this sequencing approach. Besides treating micrometastatic disease, it also allows the physician to select out from surgery those patients who have metastatic disease unresponsive to chemotherapy.


Economic analysis traditionally has treated the firm as a single decision-making center, as if one mind were absorbing all relevant data and making all decisions on the basis of well-formulated objectives. In fact, decision making is decentralized within firms, and the decisions reached can be colored by the structure of internal organization chosen by the firm and the incentives and resources that it provides to its various groups of functional specialists. This coloration arises from precisely the costs of information and transactions discussed in Chapter 1. The multinational enterprise (MNE) enjoys certain advantages over the arm's-length market, but they must trade against the organizational costs and constraints that the firm encounters in coordinating multinational operations. Therefore, an examination of the MNE's internal structure is a logical extension of the transaction-cost model of the MNE's underlying rationale. This should aid understanding of how the firm will respond to both market stimuli and public policies. Expansion of the Firm An apt starting point is the process of the growth of the firm, as it pertains to the MNE. We can link the transaction-cost model of the MNE to constraints on the firm's process of growth and adjustment and to evidence on riskiness and turnover in multinational activities. Adjustment Costs in Expansion of the MNE The transaction-cost approach to the MNE can explain the course of the firm's development over time, as well as its pattern of activities at a given time.


A rapid method of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric(HPLC-ESI MS/MS) with isotope dilution was developed for the simultaneous determination of residual mebendazole(MBZ) and its metabolites e.g.hydroxy-mebendazole(MBZ-OH) and amino-menbendazole(MBZ-NH2) in fishery products.The sample,after adding disodium phosphate,was extracted with ethyl acetate.The extract was evaporated to dryness under nitrogen,and redissolved in 2 mL methanol-0.1% formic acid(1 ∶1,by volume).The solution was defatted with n-hexane.The targeted compouds were seperated on Hypersil GOLD C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm i.d.,3 μm) using methanol-0.1% formic acid as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min,and analyzed by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with a heated electrospray ionization source(HESI) and selected reaction monitoring(SRM).The standard curves were linear in the range of 0.5-100 μg/L for three analyzed drugs with correlation coefficient(r2) not less than 0.999 2.At spiked levels of 1-40 μg/kg in grass carp,crayfish and soft shelled turtle blank muscle sample,the average recoveries of MBZ,MBZ-OH and MBZ-NH2 ranged from 91% to 112% with their relative standard deviations(RSDs) of 1.5%-10.7%.The detection limits for all the target compounds were 0.5 μg/kg and the quantitation limits were 1.0 μg/kg.The results showed that the method was simple,sensitive and accu-rate,and was suitable for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative confirmations of menbendazole and its metabolites residues in fishery products.


A collection of papers, which was subjected to strict peer-review by 2 to 4 expert referees, that aims to collect together the advances in, and applications of, traditional constructional materials, advanced constructional materials and green building materials.


The hydrolysis of chitosan by snail enzymes was investigated with orthogonal test in factors of temperature,enzyme concentration and pH.SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the hydrolysates for preparing chitooligosaccharides with biological functions.With different concentrations of chitooligosaccharide processing of human hepatoma HepG2 cells,morphological changes were observed,the proliferation activity by MTT assay and changes of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis were detected,and following flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate(AR).The results showed that polymerization degree of the major hydrolysis products was above 4.The optimal conditions for chitosan hydrolysis were as follows:pH 4.0,temperature 40 ℃,the ratio of enzyme to substrate 8∶100.When chitooligosaccharide concentration was 2~4 mg/mL,it affected HepG2 cell proliferation.After treating HepG2 cells with chitoosligoaccharide about 48 h,the cells began to vacuolization and DNA ladder strip appear distinctly,AR was higher than control.Chitosan was hydrolyzed by snail enzyme under the optimal condition on a certain concentration,and chitooligosaccharide inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells.


English as the  main contact language during the  last three decades has affected Latvian word-formation patterns, patterns of use and patterns of convention. This is pattern borrowing, in addition to phonological borrowing which is also rife. Part of this contact-induced change can be viewed as structural impact, part as a shift in conventions. Previously rare stylistic means – idiom transformations, nonce compounding, conversion, derivative adjectives and new linguo-stylistic devices, such as native blends or compound phrases – have proliferated. These imported patterns have found a  niche in the  Latvian linguistic system and are now used in various speech domains. They have become part of the  Latvian language and usage. In general we can view these shifts as an  enhancement of Latvian's inherent linguistic potential rather than the contact-induced change of traditional patterns.


Facile unequivocal syntheses of the title compounds are reported via "in situ" cyclization of the non‐isolable adducts 2a‐d with α‐halogenated electrophilic compounds. Chemical and spectroscopic evidences for the structures of the new compounds are described.


Supervision is the key aspect in the personal data protection regime. The issues related to the control over the keeping of the regulation in the sphere of personal data protection have been gaining momentum over the past years. This circumstance hails from the fact that the globally changing social and economic conditions and the enhanced introduction of new technologies predetermine a more intense information flow, including personal data and a growing number of cross-border data transfers. One of the negative consequences of this impact is the infringement of the inviolability of the individual and personal privacy through unauthorised collecting, processing and storing of personal data, which also exists in Bulgaria. That is why the efficiency of the control exercised by the supervisory authority influences the protection of natural persons in cases of illegal processing and its relegation to the relevant legislation. This survey analyses the supervising activities of the inspectorate to the supreme judicial council as a legally appointed authority within the judiciary, guaranteeing the compliance with the regulations for personal data protection when they are being processed for the purposes of court proceedings. Focus is put on the current and complex changes in the legislation introduced by Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data1, Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data. On the grounds of the analysis conclusions are drawn on the application of the new regulations on personal data protection.


J. Leray gave the existence theorem for Cauchy problem of very general hyperbolic differential equations, but his work is not so simple to be followed easily in detail [1. K. Friedrichs reduced the hyperbolic differential equations of second order to a symmetric system of differential equations of first order and solved the Cauchy problem in a lens-shaped domain _2. He proved the existence of extended solutions by Hilbert space method, but showed the differentiability of solutions by somewhat complicated calculations of difference equations. P. Lax represented an elegant method which offers both the existence and the differentiability of solutions at once for the symmetric hyperbolic system of equations 3. He reduced the problem to the case that all functions are periodic in every independent variables, but it seems me not so adequate to obtain solutions in the whole space. The object of this paper is to give an existence theorem for Cauchy problem in the whole space and in such an abstract form that it may cover a general class of hyperbolic systems, even parabolic equations. In this note we state only the main results and related lemmas without proof. All details will be published later. Our main idea owes to Lax. Our investigation is also much stimulated by the conversations with Dr. T. Shirota and Prof. K. Yosida 4_. Especially I owe to Shirota the generalization of the operator A such as (3), to make it suitable to a wide class of equations 5.


We consider the role of tax havens when a large number of revenue maximizing jurisdictions compete for the real investment and pro…ts of a multinational corporation. Initially, we analyze the interaction between N identical countries (i.e. absence of tax havens) and …nd that pro…t shifting may occur in equilibrium when countries group themselves into low-tax and high-tax countries. Essentially, the interesting possibility of asymmetrical equilibrium arises because the sensitivity of the tax base is much larger in low-tax countries where tax cuts work to attract pro…ts from all high-tax countries ("aggressive tax competition") than in hightax countries where tax cuts merely work to reduce the erosion of their own tax base ("defensive tax competition"). Subsequently, we analyze the


Teaching is often described as a job where every day is different. Indeed, the job involves various goals and demands, which in fact even at times contradict each other. In addition, the pupils are ...


The problem of economic development during the Middle Ages in Serbia remains underexplored, particularly by archaeology. Nevertheless, even the relatively scant evidence collected to date affords a general indication of how economic life was organised during the Middle Ages in this region. Particular importance is found in historical studies which allow insight into the development of the economy and economic activity in Serbia during the Middle Ages.


Objective: To investigate the underlying morphology and pathology of severe hematuria in recurrent prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: We reviewed records for 801 primary BPH patients and 57 recurrent BPH patients. We collected prostate tissues from 29 patients who accepted TURP twice for BPH and collected intraoperative images to compare the proportion of the prostatic epithelium, glandular lumen, smooth muscle and micro-vessel density between primary and recurrent BPH tissues. Results: Severe hematuria is the main reason for hospitalization in patients with recurrent BPH, accounting for approximately 45.61%. In the primary BPH group, the average proportions of the prostatic epithelium, glandular lumen, and smooth muscle were 18.4% ± 13.2%, 9.3% ± 3.5%, and 35.7% ± 15.2%, respectively, and the average proportions of those in the recurrent BPH group were 16.4% ± 8.5%, 8.6% ± 3.3%, and 29.7% ± 12.2%. The proportion of smooth muscle was lower than that of the primary BPH group (P<0.05). The MVD value was higher in the recurrent BPH group than in the primary BPH group (27.5 ± 9.3) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The general appearance of the recurrent hyperplastic prostate was irregular nodular hyperplasia, and the surface bled easily. Recurrent hyperplastic adenomas with a higher MVD and thinner blood vessel walls may also be more likely to bleed.


Monoclonal antibodies represent an attractive approach for treatment of cancer. Phage display is a very powerful technique to display large antibody libraries, which can be used to isolate therapeutic antibodies. Panning of phage display libraries against cells generates complex antibody pools, and direct screening of such pools typically identifies high-frequent antibodies against highly expressed cell surface proteins. To be able to identify also low-frequent clones binding lower expressed proteins, different deep mining techniques are needed. In this study, we evaluated three deep mining techniques, with the aim to find new antibody/target combinations from a complex antibody pool raised against primary CLL cells. These techniques involved selection on recombinant proteins (Fishing) but also selection on cells blocked with antibodies in IgG format, previously isolated from the pool (Blocking) and pre-selection against proteins identified as targets for these IgGs (Protein Depletion). Fishing selections generated antibodies against three new targets, not previously discovered using direct screening. We also found that Blocking and Protein Depletion generated antibodies against new targets (not yet deconvoluted) on CLL cells. Taken together, these results show that antibodies with new specificities can be isolated from an antibody pool by going beyond direct screening using deep mining techniques to reach deeper down in the pool. These techniques can hopefully be used to find new antibody/target combinations with clinical relevance in many drug discovery programs. (Less)


Distal migration of the femoral component of a total hip replacement by as little as 0.33 mm during the first 6 postoperative months is predictive of the need for revision many years later. Because the fate of the prostheses is defined so early, it is unlikely that wear particles initiate loosening.


Overheating of a reactor in a converter for outputting a boosted battery voltage being prevented. A temperature range usable for boosting being expanded. Motor torque shocks due to overheat-prevention/protection operations being prevented. While a temperature of a reactor is not lower than a first specified value Th, ON/OFF of a booster switch element (3) is restricted. That is, in the converter comprising; a converter circuit (1) comprising boosted power supply means (3, 6) outputting a battery power as a secondary voltage Vuc after boosting the battery power by the reactor (2) connected to a battery (18) and by ON/OFF switching of a booster switch element (3) connected thereto; and controlling means (30v, 20v) for implementing a PWM control for ON/OFF of the booster switch element so as to make the secondary voltage match a target voltage Vuc*, the converter comprises a reactor temperature sensor (7), and the controlling means (30v, 20v) restricts boosting ON/OFF operations of the booster switch element when the reactor temperature rises to the first specified value or higher.


AIMS
To examine changes from 2017 to 2018 in e-cigarette use and ever marijuana use with e-cigarettes among US adolescents.

DESIGN
Analysis of data from the 2017 and 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), cross-sectional surveys of US middle school (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students.

SETTING
USA PARTICIPANTS: US adolescent population from middle school, with mean age 12.7 (SD:1.0) years, and high school, with mean age 16.1 (SD:1.3) years.

MEASUREMENTS
Analysis of e-cigarette use and ever use of marijuana with e-cigarettes according to frequency of use and smoking status, comparing 2017 with 2018. Frequent smoking and e-cigarette use was defined as use for ≥ 20 of the past 30 days.

FINDINGS
Past 30 days e-cigarette use was reported by 33.1% (95% CI 29.1-37.4%) of ever/no past 30 days smokers, 68.6% (95%CI:64.1-72.7%) of past 30 days smokers and 7.2% (95% CI:6.3-8.2%) of never smokers in 2018, and by 19.3% (95%CI:16.1-23.1%), 53.0% (95% CI:46.9-58.9%) and 3.3% (95%CI:2.7-4.4%) in 2017, respectively (all P<0.001). Prevalence of past 30 days e-cigarette use was higher among frequent smokers (69.8%, 95%CI:62.3-76.5% in 2018; 53.8%, 95%CI:44.1-63.2% in 2017, P<0.001) and lower among never smokers. Most of the latter were infrequent users while frequent and daily e-cigarette use was 18 and 24-fold lower compared with ever smokers, respectively. Approximately half of past 30 days and 70% of frequent e-cigarette users reported ever marijuana use with e-cigarettes in both years. Past 30 days smokers were more likely to report past 30 days e-cigarette use (OR:15.78, 95%CI:12.58-19.83 in 2018; OR:16.11, 95%CI:12.44-20.86 in 2017) compared with adolescents reporting no past 30 days smoking.

CONCLUSIONS
Among US adolescents, e-cigarette use increased in all smoking groups in 2018 compared with 2017. Frequent and daily e-cigarette use was by far lower in never-smokers compared with ever-smokers. High prevalence of ever marijuana use with e-cigarettes was observed.


Inadequate policies and technologies have contributed to the economic, social, and environmental unsustainability of agriculture and livestock production worldwide. Through a review of prior literature, this study analyses the silvopastoral systems (SPS) - an association of trees, forage, and animals - as a tool to attain sustainable animal production in the contexts of increasing populations, crescent demand for food, and environmental impacts. This review covers major SPS advantages, such as environmental services, as well as disadvantages, such as a lack of information and cost of implementation. Recommendations for the adoption of public policies and tools for monitoring environmental impacts are also suggested herein.


Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause lower respiratory infection in infants and young children. There are no vaccines for these pathogens, and existing treatments have limited or questionable efficacy. Infection by HPIV3 or RSV requires fusion of the viral and cell membranes, a process mediated by a trimeric fusion glycoprotein (F) displayed on the viral envelope. Once triggered, the pre-fusion form of F undergoes a series of conformational changes that first extend the molecule to allow for insertion of the hydrophobic fusion peptide into the target cell membrane and then refold the trimeric assembly into an energetically stable post-fusion state, a process that drives the merger of the viral and host cell membranes. Peptides derived from defined regions of HPIV3 F inhibit infection by HPIV3 by interfering with the structural transitions of the trimeric F assembly. Here we describe lipopeptides derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (HRC) domain of HPIV3 F th...


With the return of a hot takeover market amidst a shareholder population in which institutional shareholders have a dominant role there has been renewed discussion of the role of shareholders in corporate decision-making and for takeovers in particular. This article takes the author's suggested structure as to what shareholders do (they vote, sell or sue, all in limited doses) and examines the contrasting lines of Delaware law as to permissible limits on director action to limit shareholder selling (see Unocal & Unitrin) and permissible limits on director actions to limit shareholder voting (see Blasius). The article examines reasons that might explain a difference in the two contexts and argues for a unified approach that would preserve space for shareholder decision-making.


In the process of birth, very complex circulatory changes occur during the transition from fetal to neonatal states. Because of the rapidity of these important changes and the dangers involved in their study, observations of the human infant have been limited. Studies of some of the physiologic changes that occur at birth of the newborn lamb have been performed by Barcroft, 1 Barron, 2 Dawes, 3-11 Born, 12-15 and others. 16-18 The findings of these workers have provided insight into the circulatory changes at birth of the human infant. In their investigations, sequential observations of the birth of the unanesthetized lamb have been few. It is the purpose of


The process of maritime delimitation is a relatively new phenomenon. Prior to the possibility for coastal States to claim extended maritime zones in the late fifties, States were only concerned with the delimitation of a relatively narrow territorial sea. The study of what maritime zones an island or rock can generate is important when studying the effect of islands in maritime delimitation. The land, through the coastal front land/sea interface gives realisation to the extent of dominance of that land front as it extends seawards. The Caribbean is a complex combination of mainland and island States surrounding a semi-enclosed sea. The progress of delimiting this area during the last three decades during a time of considerable development within international maritime law is impressive. Keywords: Caribbean Sea; coastal States; international maritime law; island States; mainland States; maritime delimitation; territorial sea


A method of manufacturing fermented soybean powder by addition of Phellinus linteus fruit bodies, Hovenia dulcis, mulberry leaves and pine needles to soaked soybeans is provided. The food product has the efficacy of medicinal herbs while retaining characteristic taste and flavor of fermented soybeans. First, soybeans are immersed in water for 20 to 40hr. Second, 90 to 95% by weight of immersed soybeans are mixed with 1 to 3% by weight of Phellinus linteus fruit body powder, 1 to 3% by weight of Hovenia dulcis powder, 1 to 3% by weight of mulberry leaf powder and 1 to 3% by weight of pine needle powder, steamed at 90 to 100deg.C for 3 to 5hr and taken out at 75 to 80deg.C. Finally, the heated mixture is fermented at 35 to 45deg.C for 68 to 72hr, dried at 40 to 50deg.C for 20 to 24hr and ground. The Phellinus linteus fruit body powder, Hovenia dulcis powder and mulberry leaf powder are obtained by drying and grinding. In case of pine needle powder, pine needles are heated in boiling water at 95 to 100deg.C for 10 to 15sec, dried and ground.


Within the Semi Additive Process (SAP) it is common for the Process's Copper seed layer to be only chemically cleaned before dry film lamination and imaging. While this has been historically acceptable, as imaging requirements increase, it is now beginning to reach its limitations. Two methods to resolve this exist; the one being pursued by dry film manufacturers is to increase the flow and adhesion properties of the dry films themselves, while the other solution is to treat the available Copper surface so that its own adhesive properties increase. Atotech's ResistAssistreg IC process is a novel non-etching chemistry that actively increases dry film adhesion without any effect on track geometry or subsequent processing steps. This paper discusses the development and latest results achieved with this process. Test methods centre on adhesion of fine line dry films to surfaces treated with the ResistAssistreg IC chemistry, and then subjected to further tape testing. For comparison, the relative performance to surfaces treated with acid cleaning only is also reported. The summary of this work is that this novel approach offers yield improvements over a current acid clean process, or potentially an increase in fine line capability with the same dry film.


The aim of this research was to determine the toxic effect of Anredera cordifolia leaf extract on the Cavia cobaya liver which was evaluated by the histopathological examination of liver tissue. The materials used were 8 female guinea pigs 2.5 months old that were divided into 4 groups by simple random sampling, each treatment was given to 2 female C. cobaya. Treatments given were 0, 10, 50 and 90 mg of A. cordifolia leaf extract/head, designated as T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Materials were given treatment daily as long as 10 days prepartum. All of the guinea pigs were slaughtered at day 11, and the liver were taken to examined their histopathological changes. Each of the liver tissues were processed by paraffin block-embedded and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining method. The results of this study indicate the presence of albuminosa degeneration or mild degeneration (DH +) from group control and hydropic degeneration or moderate degeneration (DH ++) in all treatment groups and the weight of C. cobaya liver which was given an extract of A. cordifolia 50 mg/head was not significantly different from the control but was significantly different from 10 and 90 mg/head. The conclusion was Binahong's (A. cordifolia) leaves extract up to the dosage 90 mg/head had no significantly toxicity effect on the liver of guinea pigs (C. cobaya).


Test pieces of a tetragonal zirconia polycrystal containing 3mol% yttria were deformed in tension under superplastic conditions in air to pre-determined nominal strains ranging from 0.0 to 200%. The X-ray diffraction experiments were conducted on surface regions of gauge sections of the deformed test pieces to investigate phase transformation and domain switching behaviors that might occur during the superplastic deformation. The measured X-ray patterns were analyzed using a Rietveld refinement method. As a result: (i) Reflections from monoclinic (m) phase were not observed in the X-ray patterns, indicating that tetragonal (t) to m phase transformation might not occur during superplastic deformation under the above condition. Meanwhile, the fraction of cubic (c) phase seemed to decrease with increasing strain. (ii) Traces of ferroelastic domain switching were observed in the X-ray patterns of the deformed specimens. The switching amount was found to depend on flow stress and deformation amount. The tetragonal axis ratio (c/a) along the scattering vector used in this study was found to decrease with increasing the switching amount.


Abstract Background COVID-19 vaccines are implemented worldwide in efforts to curb the pandemic. This study investigates the risk of a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test following BNT162b2 vaccination in a large real-life population in Denmark. Methods Vaccination status and positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results from adults in the Capital Region of Denmark (n=1,549,488) were obtained from national registries. PCR testing was free and widely available. The number of positive PCR tests per individual at risk were calculated as weekly rates. Time to positive PCR test was modelled using Kaplan-Meier methods and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox regression. Results 1,119,574 individuals received first dose of BNT162b2 and 1,088,879 received a second dose of BNT162b2. Individuals were followed up to 8.7 months after first dose (median: 5.5 months, IQR:4.1-8.7). Rates of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection two to four months after the second dose were 0.21, 0.33 and 0.36 per 1000 individuals per week at risk for July, August and September, respectively. Four or more months after the second dose, the rates were 0.56, 0.76 and 0.53 per 1000 individuals per week at risk for July, August and September, respectively. HR of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the second dose was 0.2 (95% CI: 0.05-0.48, p=0.001) for individuals with eight months follow-up. Conclusion Individuals who received two doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine had a low risk of breakthrough-infection after up to 8 months of follow-up. However, there was a tendency towards higher rates with longer follow-up.


The present invention relates to the use of those suitable for inhibiting curing of the silicone elastomer precursor silicone composition obtained by the inhibiting compound, in particular hydrosilylation reactions.


The hulexer is published Iwiee yearly, in April and October. We welcome reports of research or personal experience in indexing, and comments on indexes. Contributions should be sent to the editor as early as possible, mid must be received before:


The authors describe the development and implementation of a group employment-counseling training program that is being used by the Canadian Employment and Immigration Commission.


The method of a 1/sup st/ order long-term predictor (LTP) filter, using a sub-sample resolution delay, is extended to a multi-tap LTP filter, or, equivalently, the conventional integer-sample resolution multi-tap LTP filter is extended to use sub-sample resolution delay. Defining the delay with sub-sample resolution enables this novel multi-tap LTP filter to explicitly model delay values that have a fractional component. The filter coefficients, largely freed from implicitly modeling the effect of delays that have a fractional component, seek to maximize the prediction gain of the LTP filter by modeling the frequency dependent gain. This is in contrast to a conventional multitap LTP filter, which applies a single model to tackle the dual tasks of representing the non-integer valued delays and the frequency dependent gain. Experimental results are presented for narrowband and wideband speech. This technique is part of the 3GPP2 source-controlled variable-rate multimode wideband speech codec (VMR-WB) rate set 1 standard.


This work considers an NP-Hard scheduling problem that is fundamental to the production planning of flexible machines, to cutting pattern industries and also to the design of VLSI circuits. A new asynchronous collective search model is proposed, exploring the search space in a manner that concentrates effort onto those areas of higher perceived potential. This is done with the use of a coordination policy which enables the processes with greatest performance to act as 'attractors' to those processes trapped in areas of worse perceived potential. Numerical results are obtained for problems of realistic industrial size, and those results are compared to previously published optimal solutions. This comparison demonstrates the effectiveness of the method, as in 276 problems out of a set of 280 we are able to match previously reported optimal results.


Modeling of elastic thin-walled beams, plates and shells as 1D-and 2D- boundary value problems is valid in undisturbed subdomains. Disturbances near supports and free edges, in the vicinity of concentrated loads and at thickness jumps cannot be describe in a sufficient way by 1D- and 2D-BVP's. In these disturbed subdomains dimensional (d)-adaptivity and model (m-)adaptivity have to be performed coupled with h- and/or p-adaptivity using hierarchically ezpanded test spaces in order to guarantee reliable and efficient overall results. Using local residual error estimators of the primal problem in the energy norm by solving Dirichlet-problems on element patches an efficient integrated adaptive calculation of the discretization- and the dimensional error is possible and reasonable. We present an error estimator of the dual problem, namely a posterior equilibrium method (PEM) for calculation of the interface tractions on local patches with Neumann boundary conditions, using orthogonality conditions. These tractions are equilibrated with respect to the global equilibrium condition of the nodal forces. An important advantage of PEM is the coupled computation of local discretization, dimensional- and model errors in an additive split.


DOI: 10.25200/BJR.v16n2.2020.1257 ABSTRACT – The native digital newspaper Nexo is the empirical object of analysis of this study that aims to understand how its journalistic information is structured in terms of sections, themes, web potential, modalities, genres, and journalistic formats. The theoretical framework consists of the scenario of journalistic convergence, the structural changes and innovations associated with this convergence, and understanding the newspaper as a device, paying attention to the characteristics of cyberjournalism and how the newspaper was formed. The methodological procedures adopted are bibliographic and documentary researches and content analysis, which operationalize the evaluation of the corpus composed of materials collected in five spaces between September 11 and 24, 2017 sections of the website, home page, Facebook page, newsletters and articles. There is a new proposal for framing sections and themes; distinct approaches to periodicity, topicality, universality and advertising; multiplatform articulation; exploration of different modalities, formats and genres; adoption of hypertextuality and memory for explanatory journalism; and the use of multimedia and interactivity as alternatives for editorial innovation.


The introduction of collisions and of a thermal distribution for the atomic momentum in the model for the Collective Atomic Recoil Laser (CARL) is at the origin of important modifications in the interpretation of the mechanisms that give rise to the amplification of the backreflected wave. It is shown that the atomic density grating, considered to be the cause of gain in CARL, disappears in the presence of collisions, while other gratings—in population and polarization phase—survive. While the population grating appears to be merely a consequence of the collective interaction, the latter is the likely cause for the instability. Finally, simulations show that models that make use of an exponential relaxation mechanism for the atomic momentum,rather than accounting for collisions explicitly, largely overestimate the strength of the interaction.


The Camelfield gold deposit occurs in the east of Huanggangliang to Ganzhuermiao mineralization belt,and is the only deposit which dominated by gold,but associates Ag,Cu in the midsouth of Daxinganling.There are 3 industrial orebodies has been outlined in the area,the orebodies occur in the dioritebody of Indosinian and controlled by NWW fault structures,its altered rock type gold deposit occurs in fracture zones.Alteration includes silicification,sericitization,chloritization,epidotization,kaolintization and carbonatization, metal mineralization includes pyritization,chalcopyritization,magnetitization,bornitization,limonitization and malachitization. The average grade of gold is 526×10-6~1248×10-6,the associated Ag is 2898×10-6~8090×10-6 and Cu is 050%~331%. The metallogenic type is magmatic hydrothermal fillreplacementing type gold deposit that related to medium ultrabasic invade rock.


Visual dysfunctions have previously been reported in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea. To further characterize the pathophysiology of vision in basal ganglion diseases, we studied visual functions in focal dystonic syndromes. Colour discrimination and visual contrast perception were investigated in 37 patients with focal idiopathic dystonia (ID; 20 spasmodic torticollis, 17 blepharospasm) and in age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test and stationary contrast targets (Vistech plates). The mean total error score as well as the partial scores for the 'red-green' and the 'blue-yellow' axes in the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test of the patients with ID were significantly elevated as compared to controls (spasmodic torticollis mean total error score 90.9 ± 67.6, controls: 16.6 ± 10.2; blepharospasm mean total error score 119.4 ± 78.6, controls: 22.7 ± 7.9). Additionally, the spatial contrast sensitivity was impaired in patients as compared to controls. The results indicate that the visual system is affected in ID. The visual disorder may be related to an imbalance of certain neurotransmitters in the visual system of patients, e.g. in the catecholaminergic pathways.


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The yields from batch preparation of Factor VIII concentrates can be substantially improved by collecting the blood into heparin rather than into CPD as anticoagulant. The resultant cryoprecipitate contains 78 ± 9% of the original plasma activity if 20 mls of supernatant per litre of starting plasma are left with the cryoprecipitate to maintain heparin levels. This cryoprecipitate was further purified by solubilization at 37°C for 5 minutes using 40 cc of saline per litre of starting plasma. This preparation was adjusted to pH 6.3 and 4.5% PEG 4000. Then, after removal of the precipitate by centrifugaron, the 4.5% PEG supernatant is adjusted to pH 6.0 and 11% PEG. The 11% PEG precipitate obtained after centrifugation is resolubilized in 1/100th the original plasma volume with buffer (0.1 M glycine, 20 mM citrate, 0.15 H saline) containing 1 unit of heparin per ml. Experiments using plasma pools containing 1-15 donor units gave yields ranging from 390-490 plasma Factor VIII equivalents per litre of the starting plasma. The final product retains an average of 90% of the initial Factor VIII activity after 24 hours at 22°C. It is believed that the present method could substantially reduce the cost of producing Factor VIII concentrates.


We review the results of simultaneous two-frequency imaging observations of solar microwave bursts with the Very Large Array. Simultaneous 2 and 6 cm observations have been made of bursts which are optically thin at both frequencies, or optically thick at the lower frequency. In the latter case the source structure may differ at the two frequencies, but the two sources usually seem to be related. However, this is not always true of simultaneous 6 and 20 cm observations. The results have implications for the analysis of non-imaging radio data of solar and stellar flares.


Rock outcrops on spurs and summits on Wilson's Promontory tend to be more prevalent on hot dry slopes than cool moist ones. In this comparatively moist climate, the rock outcrop vegetation can be grouped into high altitude, low altitude and coastal types. The surrounding rock-heath is characterized below 400–500 m by Kunzea ambigua and above this altitude by Callistemon pallidus. Moss aprons of Campylopus bicolor on rock faces are often held in place by roots of surrounding shrubs on slopes up to 20°. Bryophyte and lichen communities vary with altitude, and annuals and geophytes are common. Fire may result in retrogression if forests and shrub zones are destroyed and humic top soil burnt or eroded away. Fossil root-grooves occur in granite on the summit of Mt Latrobe and are the legacy of a cloud forest of Nothofagus cunninghamii. The rock-heath species are more drought resistant than the'climax'tree species and may develop very low water potentials. The rate of succession may be correlated with the highly variable rate of decay of each individual block of granite.

The soils of the early successional stages are veneers of humic sands enriched with hill-wash, whilst the soils of the forest stages vary from duplex podzols to gradational podzolic soils of much greater moisture storage. Woody plant establishment is mostly initiated along rock joints: the rock surfaces and boulders so by-passed are colonized by more mesic species. Many zonations appear to be static since advances are cancelled by retreats.

The rate of succession on bare granite is controlled by local climate, altitude, slope, fire and macro-and micro-jointing patterns. In general, the early stages bear strong similarities over a relatively wide range of climate. The so-called climaxes which have developed represent a continuum in response to the complex environments found on Wilson's Promontory.


Establishing mathematical model of friction sheet′s wear volume,this paper draws out solution problem of stochastic coefficient linear equations.Through analyzing its solution's statistical distribution,a relative theorem is given,which expounds that its distribution is the symmetrical distribution and its positive component appearing probability is bigger than zero.Thus for discussing this class of equations′ solution problem provides statistical analysis basis.At the same time,using optimized thought discusses positive solution of the stochastic coefficient linear equations.Under the reductive gradient method,an example of numerical approximate solution of the positive solution is given.


This program will support the sustainable management of coastal ecosystems of the Great Sea Reef (GSR) to maintain and enhance the climate resiliency benefits they provide, especially for the benefit of vulnerable coastal communities as well as protection of valuable coastal infrastructure - including for the tourism industry.


The secreted or plasma form of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), also known as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) or phospholipase A2 group 7 (PLA2G7), is a member of the PLA2 superfamily of enzymes that circulates in blood in association with lipoproteins, and is found in atherosclerotic lesions [reviewed in (2, 3)]. This enzyme was discovered in the early 1980s based on its ability to hydrolyze the pro-inflammatory glycerophospholipid PAF, and was thus proposed to have anti-inflammatory properties. In subsequent years, it was recognized that PAF-AH hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids containing short and/or oxidized functionalities at the sn-2 position, with no preference for the type of linkage at the sn-1 position, i.e., alkyl versus acyl. Substrate hydrolysis catalyzed by PAF-AH generates lysoPAF/lyso phosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) and short and/or oxidized fatty acids, many of which also have been reported to have pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative activities (4). These observations fueled multiple investigations that led to controversial views regarding the role of PAF-AH in human physiology and disease (1, 4–6). Notably, the hypothesis that PAF-AH might actively contribute to vascular inflammation during atherogenesis owing to its ability to generate pro-inflammatory substances (7) led to the proposition that inhibition of the activity could offer vascular protection in addition to that afforded by cholesterol lowering agents. A number of reversible PAF-AH inhibitors were developed in the pharmaceutical industry and one of them, darapladib, has been extensively tested in vitro and in vivo (8–14). Moreover, GlaxoSmithKline sponsored three darapladib clinical trials that yielded relatively consistent results (11, 15–20).


In this session, we consider five issues. We outline the extent of informal work and settlements, showing that rather than being an aberration, informality is the norm. The current governance context suggests significant dissonance between city aspirations and planning systems and pervasive informality, resulting in widespread exclusionary practices. Drawing on cases studies of inclusive planning, we highlight conventional wisdoms in planning that need to be challenged. We consider implications for planning practise and finally areas for future research.


The concept of budget deficit has become a major social and political issue. Fiscal policy and its indicators play an important role in the design and execution of fiscal policies by the government of many countries. The main purpose of the study is to find out the impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth in Sri Lankan perspective. Data on the Fiscal deficit and economic growth from the year 1970 to 2010 were collected for the study purpose. The results revealed that, there is no significant impact of fiscal deficit on the economic growth. And also, there is no significant relationship between fiscal deficit and economic growth in the Sri Lankan economic perspective. Finally, we have suggested that, government of Sri Lanka should heavily focus on the infrastructure development to enhance the economic growth level through the effective fiscal policy frame work.


The paper points out the current problems about new countryside plan of Laoshan District of Qingdao City from the viewpoint of present situation in this district.Firstly,the local characteristic and industrial structure were analyzed from the whole point of view of ecology.Secondly,advice was proposed from the viewpoint of finding the characteristics to guide development,using many kinds of patterns to strengthen the development,and protecting characteristics from different angles in order to give some suggestions about new countryside construction in Laoshan District of Qingdao City.


A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a cerebral neurological disease comprising cord blood or umbilical cord blood-derived cells expressing or secreting PCNT as an active ingredient, a composition for diagnosing cerebral neurological diseases including an agent for measuring the level of PCNT protein, Kit, a method for analyzing information necessary for diagnosing brain nervous system disease using PCNT protein, and a method for screening candidates for therapeutic agent for cranial neurological disease. Use of a composition comprising cord blood or cord blood-derived cells expressing or secreting PCNT according to one aspect can effectively prevent or treat cranial nerve system diseases. In addition, the PCNT protein can be used as a target to diagnose the brain nervous system disease early and to develop a therapeutic agent for the brain nervous system disease.


The total pressure of aqueous solutions of chlorophenols was determined by a ebulliometric total pressure method for the aqueous solutions of phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol in the temperature range from 40 to 90 °C. The activity coefficients at infinite dilution and the Henry constants were derived.


An integrated optical system that produces a flat-phase output wavefront, independent of phase and power variations along the input wavefront, is proposed for use at GaAs laser wavelengths. A basic module of this system is shown in Fig. 1. Development of optical antennas for efficient input and output coupling is in progress.1 We report here the performance of the interferometer/phase-modulator feedback loop used to measure and correct the phase difference between adjacent outputs.


A study to quantify at grade railroad crossing closure times at selected sites in Northwest Indiana was conducted for the Rail Vision Working Group of the Northwest Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Using a framework established by the Illinois Commerce Commission, the study was able to provide gate down time and vehicle delay data for sites of interest to the Working Group. A violation prediction model was also created to predict the number of vehicles that would drive around closed (level) gates. Collectively, the sites studied were found to contribute over 24 hours of vehicle delay to the Northwest Indiana region, that effected in excess of 16,000 minutes of delay to motorists incurred each day, and the variable with the strongest statistical significance for providing violations was shown to be the amount of advanced warning time provided to motorists.


The field of workplace learning lacks empirical studies that view workplace practices as places for learning and see these practices in a critical light. Accordingly, the aim of this study is, first, to describe examples of everyday shared practice and consider what kinds of various conflicting aims and demands exist in it. Second, the purpose is to explore what and how it is possible to learn through these shared practices in the area of design and development work. The empirical material consists of ethnographic observations made in two organizations in Finland. Three thematic lines were extracted from field notes and transcribed work talk on the basis of ethnographic and adapted membership categorization analysis. They suggest that the maintenance of a good atmosphere was an important component of shared practice and learning through it. Shared practice was also found to be situated and open‐ended and it contained conflicts and contradictory aims. The findings reported here suggest that to survive, everyday work involves doing and learning, and sometimes disagreeing. Conflicts seem to strengthen a team's ability to co‐operate and to sustain functional social relations. Attention should thus be paid to the constantly changing processes of work and to situational analyses of the different options within practice provided by the various aims of the work itself and the tasks done in accordance with those aims.


Abstract Over the past couple of decades, the US construction industry has experienced an increasing shortage of craft workers, mainly among highly skilled trades, such as pipefitters and electricians. Multiskilling is one workforce strategy that has been traditionally proposed as a pathway to retain the current workforce. This study aims to understand the changes in multiskilling and the influence of race on multiskilling patterns. While many demographic populations of the US construction workforce have declined, the Hispanics population has actually grown. Unfortunately, the growth of the Hispanic workforce has primarily occurred in low-skilled construction trades. While the study finds that there are significant differences in formal training between Hispanic and non-Hispanic workers that possess only a single skill, there are no statistical differences in the formal training between multi-skilled Hispanic and non-Hispanic construction craft workers. Further, there are no difference between Hispanic and non-Hispanic trade patterns among craft workers with dual-skills, but differences were found in multiskilling combinations between craft workers with more than two skills. Hence when afforded the same access to education and training, the findings suggest that differences in career progression, as measured by skill attainment across multiple trades, lessen between Hispanics and non-Hispanic construction workers.


Services that are said to be excellent are services provided by public service providers, namely the government in an effort to meet the needs of people who receive services and are carried out in accordance with the law. The low quality of services provided to the community certainly has an impact on decreasing public trust in the government. The purpose of this study is to build a decision support system using the Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP) method to measure the level of public service satisfaction in the range sub-district area. In building this system, we apply the waterfall model with stages of analysis, design, implementation, and testing. Analysis is carried out to collect the needs in building this system and analysis using the MFEP method. The criteria used to measure service satisfaction are five criteria, namely certainty of time, comfort, loyalty, responsibility, and task completion. The design of the system we built, consists of use case diagrams and flowcharts. At the implementation stage, a system is made using the web-based MFEP method. Meanwhile, testing on this system uses a black-box to see the functionality of the product. Our findings are in the form of a system that can provide decisions to determine the level of public satisfaction. The results of the analysis showed that the service section was selected as an assessment of the level of public satisfaction with a value of 3,766. In addition, the results of black-box testing show that this system is functioning properly without any errors.


Quantum diffusion studies of hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) inside and on the surfaces of transition metals indicate that both H and D may occupy wave-like band states (H and D ion band states) analogous to the electron band states that are responsible for making metals conductors. When these wave-like ion band states become occupied, fusion involving D+D—> 4 He without emission of gamma rays or other high energy by-products can occur, provided a number of conditions are met. We have previously identified and used these conditions to predict a number of important experimental results that were subsequently observed. In part 1 we examine the underlying justification for believing that ion band state occupation can lead to nuclear reaction. We show that under suitable conditions associated with the underlying electronic structure, ion band state occupation may lead to wave function overlap between a small number of indistinguishable D. These conditions appear to be met as x-+ 1 in PdD x. Then, ion-ion correlation effects that result from coulomb repulsion, which normally inhibit overlap, are not present in the ground state wave function, provided the number of indistinguishable ion band state deuterons is very much less than the total number (Nceii) of unit cells in the crystal, and the crystal is sufficiently large : Nceii > 108 . In part 2, we examine the implications of the ion band state fusion scenario, including a summary of important selection rules and reactions which follow as a result of the restrictions that are implied by the physical limit in which the theory applies. hdroduction Acceptance of cold fusion as a real phenomenon by the mainstream physics community has been delayed mainly for two reasons: 1) a refusal of physicists to believe that the coulomb barrier that normally prevents nuclear reactions at room temperature can be overcome in the solid state environment, and 2) a belief that y -ray and high energy particle emission must inevitably accompany the release of nuclear energy. The cold fusion community for the most part bases its belief in cold fusion on the evidence for the reality of the cold fusion heat effect. Nonetheless, it shares with the larger physics community a belief that mainstream physics cannot overcome the coulomb barrier problem and cannot provide radiationless emission. This paper presents an alternate view, based on ordinary quantum mechanics, that


Documents and related information are the essential basis for communication in the public sector, irrespective of whether they are digital or paper based. Neither e-government nor electronic data processing performs the integrated handling of both types of documents. By contrast, document logistics, as a cross-sectional concept, covers the entire flow of documents, from the source to the recipient, regardless of whether they are digital or paper based. The aim of this paper is, first, to investigate the present state of document logistics in the public sector and, second, to identify current needs and potential trends for the near future by using a quantitative prestudy. Following this, a qualitative approach is chosen to further examine the findings of the prestudy and to gain greater insight by conducting a case study with the administration of the federal state of Bremen, Germany.


Objective: The objective of the study was to observe the effect of lipid loweringtherapy on homocysteine and TXA2 concentration in obese hyperlipidemic Sprague Dawleyrats. Design: Randomized Control Trial (RCT). Place and Duration of study: The study wasconducted in Department of Physiology and Centre for Research in Experimental and AppliedMedicine (CREAM), Army Medical College, Rawalpindi; and National Institute of Health (NIH)Islamabad over a period of 12 months. Methodology: Ninety healthy Sprague Dawley ratsdivided into three equal groups. Group I (n=30) were healthy controls, group II (n=30) weremade obese and group III (n=30) were obese treated (atorvastatin 10 mg/kg/day orally bygavage method for three weeks). Body weight was recorded thrice weekly, lipid profile wasmeasured by colorimetric method on microlab and homocysteine and TXA2 were measuredby Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Results: Serum low density lipoproteins and TXA2decreased after three weeks of atorvastatin administration, elevated HCY concentration in obesehyperlipidemic rats however was not significantly affected. Conclusion: Atorvastatin apart fromlowering lipid levels in the body also reduces TXA2 concentration which is a vasoprotective.Elevated HCY concentration which is deleterious to the endothelium however is not affected.


Ground acceleration records obtained from instruments in the field are often filtered to reduce noise in both low and high frequency bands before being used for structural response analyses. The structural analysis using a filtered acceleration record may elongate the fundamental period of a structure which will potentially lead to an underestimation of the nonlinear response. The nonlinear response of single-degree-of-freedom systems to low-cut filtered ground acceleration records is investigated. Based on the results of this study, a simple criterion for selecting ground acceleration records for seismic response analyses is proposed to avoid underestimating the nonlinear structural response.


The epididymis is the primary site for sperm maturation and storage. Fully differentiated testicular sperm reside in convoluted epididymal tubule, constantly interacting with the epididymal epithelium and their secretions. Epididymal secretions contain a large pool of proteins and molecules that can modify the sperm membrane surface. Quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 2 (QSOX2), an epididymaland seminal vesicle-enriched secre-tory protein, catalyzes the oxida-tion of thiol group into stable disulfi de bonds. This enzyme affects protein folding and modi-fi es the compositions of the extracellular matrix. Detailed analysis of QSOX2 function indicates that it participates in the preejaculate selection of sperm cells by regulating sperm aggregation and tyrosine phosphorylation.


Background and aims Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki-67 antigen are contributing factors in this process cell proliferation and new blood vessels formation in tumor progression. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the expression of VEGF and Ki-67 and gender and age of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and methods Twenty-three archival samples of well-differentiated OSCC were examined immunohisto-chemically and assessed by obtaining Total Score (TS = proportion score × staining index). For statistical analysis, t-test and Pearson's correlation were employed. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The differences in VEGF expression between males and females (P = 0.43) and different ages (P = 0.88) were not significant. The differences in Ki-67 expression was between males and females (P = 0.67) and different ages (P = 0.88) were also not significant. A positive correlation of VEGF and Ki-67 expression was observed in males and females in addi-tion to ≤ 60 years age group (r = 0.22, r = 0.008, and r = 0.58, respectively; P < 0.05). The expression of VEGF had a nega-tive relation to Ki-67 in > 60 years group (r = −0.48, P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression of VEGF and Ki-67 between males and females and different ages were not significant among oral squamous cell carcinoma cases evaluated.


The Russian spring_summer encephalitis virus(RSSEV) of Yunnan was investigated in 1988~1994 in Gaoligongshan mountain,Yunnan.Its main vector is ixodex ovatus.Its main host is rodents.The main symptom of RSSEV is hige_fever、rash and so on.The toxicity of the RSSEV is lower than the virus of northeast in China.The RSSEV's symptom for some animals is similar with the northeast RSSEV,but the RSSEV of Yunnan has haemorrhage symptom,such as rash.Their red cells agglutinated pH are similar.there are a bit different in the polipeptide analysis between the RSSEV and the northeast RSSEV.The antibodies against the RSSEV are positive in the most areas of Yunnan.


Autism is currently defined in terms of a core set of behaviours, including difficulties in social reciprocity and communication, and limitations in behavioural flexibility. In the past three decades, considerable efforts have been directed towards understanding the neurocognitive atypicalities that underlie these core behaviours. This chapter provides an overview of the major theoretical accounts of autism, especially the theory of mind hypothesis, the executive dysfunction hypothesis, and weak central coherence theory, each of which has aimed to explain autism in terms of a single underlying cognitive atypicality. Some of the reasons why researchers have become dissatisfied with these so-called 'single-deficit' accounts as explanatory models of autism will be analysed, before turning to more recent 'multiple-deficits' models to begin the task of outlining the additional challenges faced by such models. The chapter concludes by stressing the need to situate explanatory accounts of autism – single or multiple-deficit models – within a developmental context. Introduction Since the seminal experimental work of psychologists such as Hermelin and O'Connor (1970) and Frith (1970, 1972), considerable research efforts have been directed towards elucidating the psychological mechanisms underpinning the behavioural manifestations of autism spectrum disorder (hereafter 'autism'), including the often profound difficulties in social reciprocity and communication, and stereotyped, repetitive interests and activities. Historically, in the interests of parsimony, researchers focused their efforts on isolating a single primary cognitive deficit that could provide a unifying explanation for the constellation of symptoms that are unlikely to co-occur by chance (Morton and Frith, 1995) (see also Rutter, 1968; 1983).


To develop a multislice, first‐pass perfusion imaging sequence for increasing the effective dynamic range of the contrast‐enhanced blood signal and the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of myocardial wall enhancement.


Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute has conducted investigations with the aim of assessing the susceptibility to icing on various pavements in wintertime and the influence on deicing measure. Conventional wearing courses, dense asphalt concrete and surface dressings, as well as less common wearing courses, porous asphalt, RUBIT rubber asphalt and Verglimit were included. Skid resistance measurements and visual observations have been performed in varying weather and road surface conditions for several winters. The studies reported here have shown: - a coarse texture is in many cases favorable from the point of view of skid resistance in wintertime. - porous asphalt pavements are generally somewhat less skid-resistant and require more extensive de-icing measures than conventional dense asphalt concrete. - Verglimit and RUBIT have shown to have a skid-preventive effect in some situations, these situations were however relatively few.


Introducing the princess and the mage. He doesn't do well with people. She isn't so good with tact. But to survive an imperial invasion the wild, beautiful, fragile desert of Hethria will need them both.

She knows about tactics. He understands reality. They both love Hethria. But what if, to save something you love, you have to change yourself? Some wars you just can't win alone.

The Red Country is the third book in the Chronicles of Rihannar, successor to Everrran's Bane and The Moving Water, praised by reviewers for the depth of their world-building and attractive characters. In this vividly realized high fantasy, love and magic are tested to the utmost in the struggle for a land whose spell, once experienced, is impossible to escape.


Summary (1) In a study of the susceptibility of 115 strains of staphylococci to penicillin 16 or 13.9% were found to be resistant. (2) All strains resistant to penicillin produced penicillinase; none of the susceptible strains had this property. (3) Many of the penicillinase-producing staphylococci produce coagulase indicating the importance of the former in infection. (4) Staphylococci naturally resistant to penicillin appear to be resistant as a result of their ability to produce penicillinase.


Benzophenone has been found to be a suitable fixed phase for gas-liquid chromato-graphy of methylchlorosilanes.Good separation of methyhrichlorosilane,dimethyldichlorosi-lane,trimethylchlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride was obtained at 52℃.


Introduction Human Health Risk Assessment Ecological Risk Assessment Reviewing a Human Health Risk Assessment Report Reviewing an Ecological Risk Assessment Legal Context for Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Scoping the Risk Assessment Risk Assessment Contract Formation Risk Assessment Report Work Plans A Practical Guide to Managing and Producing A Risk Assessment Report: Risk Assessment A-Z MEDIA-SPECIFIC OF RISK ASSESSMENT Groundwater and Risk Assessment Air Toxics CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT Pesticide Risk Assessment Radiation Risk Assessment SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES FOR RISK ASSESSMENT Remediation Risk Assessment Facility Risk Assessment CERCLA and RCRA Risk Assessment International Health Risk Assessment - Approaches for Pesticides PRODUCT PRIMERS Environmental Chemistry Environmental Sampling Design Sampling for Ecological Risk Assessments Toxicity Testing in Risk Assessment Epidemiology and Health Risk Assessment Surface Water Modeling Ground Water Modeling in Health Risk Assessment Air Toxics Modeling Uncertainty Analysis Analytical Quality Assurance/Quality Control for Environmental Samples Used in Risk Assessment Scientific Library Risk Research for Risk Assessment Historical Toxicology and Risk Assessment PROCESS PRIMERS Cost Benefit Analysis Site Safety Team Work Clear Communication in Risk Assessment Writing Risk Communication


Experiments on pool boiling of water were performed under decompression. Temperature fluctuation measured with 3 thermocouples which were equipped on copper block surface by plating. Rapid temperature drops in this fluctuation arise at same times. This shows the existence of evaporation of microlayer under bubbles. The evaluation of this evaporation of the microlayer and rapid temperature drops showed the existence of a new evaporation factor in obedience to the liquid surface overheating. Temperature drops have two types at decompression. One is rapid drop due to the cavity existence and the other is slow drop due to the generation in the superheated bulk liquid on the mirror surface. This rapid temperature drop have gradual drop at first stage. For verification of gradual drops, we introduced a equation concerned micro film thickness under the bubble on the basis of the viscosity and the preservation of momentum. This equation has exponential factor about microfilms. Numerical calculations showed a good agreement with the experimental data.


Competition and transition of the dominated mechanisms for proton acceleration were investigated in experiments by optically tuning the preplasma density profile using an additional femtosecond pre-ablation laser beam. Two groups of proton beams with angular separation were measured along the laser propagation axis and target normal direction from a vacuum-gapped double-foil target. A transition of proton acceleration from a target normal sheath acceleration regime to relativistically induced transparency (RIT) domination was observed when increasing the prepulse intensity. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations qualitatively verify the experimental observations that a proton component along the laser axis is mainly generated by the RIT induced breakout afterburner from the tailored pre-expanded ultrathin front-layer foil with spatial-intensity distribution improvement by the second-layer foil. Our method can be popularized in manipulating the laser-driven proton acceleration and beam spatial quality for wide applications.


An expanding number of human activities are contributing to the rising levels of aromatic compounds, which pose a major threat to the ecosystem. However, readily available microbial enzymes might be used to remediate contaminated wastewater in an economical and environmentally benign manner. In this study, an efficient method of laccase-oriented immobilization on modified Immobead 150P was proposed. The oriented immobilization technique using aminated laccase exceeds in both protein loading onto the carrier (4.26 mg/g) and immobilization yield (93.57%) due to the availability of more active sites. The oriented aminated laccase preserves 100% and 95% of its original activity after six and ten cycles of operation, respectively. The thermal stability performance of the oriented enzyme was the best among both free and random immobilized forms, since it was able to conserve 79% and 44% of its initial activity after 6 h at 50 °C and 60 °C, respectively. The ideal pH of oriented immobilized laccase was altered from 3.0 to 4.0, and it was more stable than both free and random immobilized laccases at pH 7.0. Finally, the integration of the adsorption capacity of Immobead 150P and the biodegradation ability of laccase promises the efficient removal of aqueous phenolics. Oriented immobilized laccase may provide a significant new approach for wastewater treatment, according to these findings.


Civilian protection sites created by the United Nations house large numbers of internally displaced people in crowded conditions, making them vulnerable to illness from COVID-19. Advice for residents to go home or physically distance is not only impossible but distracts from more useful measures which, argues Naomi Pendle, must draw on local leadership.


The schizogonic rhythm of rodent malarias in the blood of mice varies from one species or subspecies to the other. Synchronous strains enable a precise study of the sensitive stage of the parasite to antimalarial drugs. Asynchronous strains are less sensitive than synchronous strains because of the delayed penetration of merozoites into red blood cells.


This paper describes the results of the first quantitative examination of ink flight peculiar to the electrically extracted ink jet method using dielectric ink. In the state of ink flight determined by this method, a continuous cylindrical liquid thread is formed at the nozzle tip, then the ink at the thread end turns into corpuscles and spreads out in mist. The author has already reported the method used for observation and the recording method for tone reproduction.

In this paper, an examination was made of the details of average and instantaneous structures of the state of ink flight, covering the wide area from the nozzle tip to the area past the electrodes, and the effect of the state of ink flight on the recording for tone reproduction was studied on the basis of the examination results. Detailed examinations were made of differences in tone, density distribution, and the relation of nozzle diameter to liquid thread diameter and to corpuscle diameter by varying the applied voltages and ink pressures. The results indicate that the ink jet which scatters in an atomized state from the liquid thread is effective in application to a high-quality recording for tone reproduction. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 120(1): 55–61, 1997


A method for simultaneous determination for 23 volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons and benzene series in soil samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) with purge and trap pretreatment is introduced.The conditions of purge and trap,the qualification of GC-MS,and the centrifuge are confirmed.Under the best conditions,the liner range of the standard curve is 0.32-200.0 μg/kg.The detection limits range of the method for the 23 volatile organic compounds are 0.077-0.69 μg/kg.The average recoveries are 86.5% to 117.5%,with precision of 1.6%-8.2%(n = 7).This fast and accurate method can be applied to determinate the 23 volatile organic compounds in batch soil samples with satisfactory results.


Presently, the adoption of laparoscopic hepatectomy is rapidly increasingly worldwide. However, the application of robotic hepatectomy (RH) remains limited and its role remains undefined today.


Nanometer and picometer laser metrology is an important part of optical technology. It is also required in the space gravitational wave detection experiments. Deep modulation has been developed and demonstrated for this purpose in experiments of increasing complexity in Hannover,it also served as a fallback option for LISA,Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear fitting algorithm has been used for data reduction. Two new improved fitting algorithms are presented and explored for Hannover deep internal phase modulation interferometers. The first one employs appropriate and simple functional relationship to fit the demodulated phase in two stages:firstly,it determines the modulation depth and the modulation phase; secondly,it fits the demodulated phase together with the amplitudes. The other one,which applies a Discrete Fourier Transform at first,determines modulation phase at the first stage,then uses a Gauss-Newton Method to fit the modulation depth,the demodulation phase and the amplitudes linearly. Using the first method,the RMS residuals for measurement in the air are demonstrated to be 0.24 nm,and the second method 0.19 nm,about 5 to 6 times better than the old one.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how investor sentiment, proxied by Michigan consumer confidence index, affects the choice of defined benefit pension plan discount rates.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use multivariate analysis to test our hypotheses. The dependent variable is defined pension plan discount rate and the testing variables are investor sentiment and a dummy variable representing underfunded status.

Findings
The authors find a negative and significant relation between investor sentiment and pension plan discount rate. During high (low) sentiment periods, pension discount rate tends to be adjusted downward (upward) discretionarily. Further analysis indicates the relationship between pension discount rate and investor sentiment is more pronounced for firms with underfunded pension plans. The results can be explained by limited attention effects, capital budgeting strategy and earning smoothing.

Practical implications
The empirical results of this study have important implications for corporate governance and regulation. Specifically, the results suggest the need for increased attention from boards of directors, auditors and regulators to reported pension liabilities, especially during periods of high investor sentiment when pension plan sponsors are more likely to adjust down pension discount rate and accordingly to increase pension liabilities.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the extant literature by identifying investor sentiment as a new incentive of pension discount rate manipulation. The empirical results of this study also have important implications for corporate governance and regulation.


This work is part of problematic of enhancing the oily extracts of Ocimum basilicum leaves by studying their antifungal and antioxidant activities. The extraction of the oil is carried out by hydro distillation, and the yield obtained is 1.06 ± 0.1. Antifungal test of the essential oil were operated on four fungal strains; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum and Fusarium oxysporum f.s albidinis by the method of evaluation of radical growth. The results show that the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum showed a strong antifungal action against Fusarium oxysporum f.s albidinis wi antifungal index of 100% at 20μl whereas the three other strains studied were inhibited at 40μl. The results of the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity have shown that the reducing power of DPPH is remarkable in the essential oil or the recorded EC50 is 2,180 μl / ml.


Acute decompensated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by rapid worsening of clinical signs of right heart failure (RHF) with subsequent congestion and systemic circulatory insufficiency that can lead to multisystem organ failure [1–3]. Short-term outcomes of acute decompensated RHF are very poor and it remains the primary cause of mortality in PAH [4, 5]. Intensive care of acute decompensated PAH is based on treatment of triggering factors, careful fluid management, and strategies to improve cardiac function and reduce right ventricular afterload [1]. However, this medical strategy is not always sufficient to restore a long-lasting balance between the afterload imposed on the right ventricle and its capacity for compensation. In case of refractory RHF despite maximal medical treatment, the use of mechanical support should now be considered in selected candidates for lung transplantation, or less commonly as a bridge to recovery in patients with a treatable cause of right-sided heart failure [1]. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is currently the most widely used strategy to support the right ventricle in PAH patients. This strategy, combined with changes in organ allocation rules to prioritise patients with a short-term life-threatening condition, should contribute to the improved survival of eligible patients with end-stage PAH [6]. However, long-term survival of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe acute RHF management has not been studied extensively in the modern management era of mechanical support and high-priority lung transplantation. Novel medical, instrumental and surgical management of right heart failure translate to improvements in long-term survival of the youngest patients with acute decompensated PAH https://bit.ly/34CyJLF


This thesis is a dialogue between John Dewey's philosophy of education and Christian theology. The study employs Dewey's educational work as a means of developing pedagogical strands inherent within Christian theology. By using Dewey's pedagogical texts as a heuristic device, the research highlights the pedagogically-laden nature of theology. The research opens up new space for dialogue between Dewey Studies and Religious Studies. The research is primarily concerned with Dewey's educational texts, particularly "Interest in Relation to Training of the Will," "My Pedagogic Creed," The School and Society, The Child and the Curriculum, Democracy and Education, and Experience and Education; Dewey's works on religion are secondary to this study. The methodological approach includes hermeneutics, mutually critical correlation, and pragmatism. Following the lead of Dewey scholar James Garrison, the study has three main parts: the seeds of experience and creation, the stem of knowledge and action, and the fruit of learning and revelation. Part 1 addresses the seeds, or starting point, of both education and theology. Experience is the starting point of Deweyan pedagogy, but given the amorphousness of this concept, "experience" is explored in terms of Dewey's doctrine of interest, his emphasis on practical needs, and the naturalistic basis of learning. In the sections of theological dialogue, it is shown that Dewey's concepts of experience are useful in establishing a doctrine of creation that is not eclipsed by the doctrine of redemption. Dewey also helps establish strong links between divine creation and human creativity (Chapter 3). Dewey's ideas on experience are not as smoothly correlated with Friedrich Schleiermacher's notion of religious experience, primarily because of Dewey's naturalism (Chapter 4). Part 2, the stem, is dedicated to the relationship of knowledge to action. The Deweyan topics addressed here are Dewey's attitude toward dualisms, the nature of educational method, Dewey's notion of habit, and the school curriculum. In Chapter 5 the theological dialogue partners are a range of contemporary theologians who have attempted to rethink the role of practice, especially in relationship to doctrine. This discussion progresses into Chapter 6 where likenesses between Dewey's curriculum and the Rule of Saint Benedict are established. Part 3 concentrates on the fruit of education. The Deweyan topics are the two-sided nature of learning (active/passive), the experiential continuum, and the reconstruction of experience. All these themes have a common concern for the recreation of existing experience into a blooming, fecund experience. In Chapter 7 the theological theme is revelation; in Chapter 8 the topic is Rowan Williams' doctrine of revelation. In both chapters it is shown that viewing revelation as education emphasises human agency while allowing space for discontinuities in human experience. Broadly speaking, the intended readers can be divided into two categories. One group is theologians specialising in theological education (including Christian education, religious education, and inter-religious education), practical theology, and spiritual formation. The other group is Dewey scholars and other educational researchers interested in spirituality and religion. Through a correlation of theology and education, this study contributes to both fields of research and to dialogue between the fields. John Dewey has sometimes been characterised as anti-Christian. Occasionally this is due to Dewey's rhetorical excesses towards theological straw-men; other times this is due to interpreters' fixation on A Common Faith and their consequent failure to understand Dewey's overall project. But, as this thesis shows, Dewey's pedagogical work is a resource rich in theological potential.