109 Witherington's commentary on 1 and 2 Thessalonians is his fourth in a series of socio-rhetorical commentaries on the writings of the New Testament (the others being Mark, Romans and Galatians). The commentary consists of an introduction, a bibliography of previous publications on 1 and 2 Thessalonians (commentaries, seminal monographs and essay collections, sociological and social historical studies in general and those relevant to the Thessalonian correspondences, theological studies, rhetorical resources and articles), and a commentary per se on each letter. It also includes nine "closer looks," in which the author discusses certain topics in more detail (e.g., the fate of the dead, parousia, ancient art and labour). This is a commentary in which the reader cannot simply skip the introduction and dash into the commentary itself. In the introduction, Witherington puts forward his presuppositions and, as such, gives the reader the "keys" to unlock the commentaries that follow. The following points of departure referred to in the introduction are of importance: first, both letters (including 2 Thessalonians) should be ascribed to Paul. 1 Thessalonians was written from Corinth in 51 CE, and the second letter from Ephesus in the latter part of 52 CE or in 53 CE. The two letters were therefore written in close succession, 2 Thessalonians being a follow-up discourse of 1 Thessalonians, inter alia sorting out misunderstandings which may have arisen from the first letter (e.g., eschatology). Secondly, the two letters should not be read as epistles (only the opening and closing greetings in both documents are epistolary in nature), but in terms of the Graeco–Roman rhetorical conventions of Paul's day. As such, 1 Thessalonians is an example of epideictic rhetoric, while the second letter is an example of deliberative rhetoric. Epideictic rhetoric was the rhetoric of display and demonstration, praise and blame, not aimed at a specific action, thesis, argumentation and proof, or decision, but intended to be part of and to inculcate worship – it seeks to enhance knowledge, understanding or belief. 1 Thessalonians reflects no evidence of opponents or a divided congregation and, as such, should be seen as a letter of encouragement, and not as a problem-solving letter. 1 Thessalonians therefore has as its main content narratio (1:4–3:10), wish prayer (3:11–13; 5:23–24) and exhortatio (4:1–5:15). The majority of material in 1 Thessalonians is therefore not parenetic, and it is pastoral only in spiritual ethos or orientation, not in genre or form. 2 Thessalonians, on the other hand, is a problem-solving letter, an example of deliberative discourse. According to Witherington, the relationship between these two letters lies in the answer of the following question: What does a rhetorician do when he discovers that his discourse (1 Thess) was not fully understood, or its implications not fully taken and applied? He (Paul) writes another discourse (2 Thess), this time in a deliberative fashion, amplifying what has been said before and deals with whatever problems may have arisen from the first discourse. 2 Thessalonians, therefore, has as its content no narratio or exhortatio, but propositio (1:11–12), refutatio (2:1–12) and probatio (3:6–12). With regard to the socio-historical background of the two letters and their addressees, Witherington describes Thessalonica in the time of Paul as a large Greek city (part of a senatorial province), and not a Roman colonial city. In terms of location and religion, the city was the key to the whole of Macedonia, and religiously pluralistic (Greek religion and the imperial cult were welcomed). The city also had a large contingent of Jews with their own synagogue. The Thessalonian Christians suffered much at the hands of fellow Gentile Macedonians, most probably by being pressured to conform to various social codes and norms, including support for the emperor's cult. Because the Christians in Thessalonica did not conform to these expectations, they became personae non grata with relatives, neighbours and business associates (e.g., leather-workers). Much can be said on Witherington's defence of Pauline authorship for 2 Thessalonians, and many will disagree. His approach, taking Graeco–Roman rhetoric as cue to argue for Pauline authorship of 2 Thessalonians, as well as a specific relationship between these two letters, is however new and thought-provoking. Any minister will find this commentary helpful for a better understanding of these two letters. New Testament scholars, interested in the Pauline letters in general or the Thessalonian correspondences will also find this volume a good addition to one's personal library. Caution should, however, be taken with regard to the commentary's subtitle. Although the commentary pretends to be socio-rhetorical, it is, in essence, not socio-rhetorical at all. Since 1975 (with the work of Vernon Robbins and later the Context Group) the dictum socio-rhetorical is used to refer to an analysis of the rhetorical and social/cultural dynamics of texts, employing social science models. As such, socio-rhetorical criticism goes beyond the mere description of a possible socio-historical situation of a text, as Witherington has done. The author is, however, still to be complemented on what he has achieved. Ernest van Eck University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa 0002


The photoactivated reaction between monomeric AlCl and acetylene in a solid Ar matrix at 12 K is shown to lead to an insertion product, the acetylide species Cl(H)AlCCH. The compound was characterized by its IR spectrum, taking in the effect of isotopic substitution (H/D), and by quantum-chemical calculations. The other possible isomer, the aluminacyclopropene derivative, is not formed. In agreement with the experimental findings, the aluminacyclopropene isomer is calculated to exhibit an energy about 40 kJ mol-1 higher than that of Cl(H)AlCCH. The discussion includes also a comparison between possible structures of other homologues of group 13 elements, especially ClBC2H2 and ClGaC2H2. While the cyclic structure is stable for XBC2H2 (X = H, halogen), the Al and Ga homologues prefer the acetylide isomeric form. Additional experiments were carried out with 2-butyne. The results show that photoactivated AlCl reacts also with 2-butyne upon photoactivation. However, not one but (at least) two products are for...


Haptic interfaces enhance the learning efficiency in music learning, but most existing studies focus on training motor skills of instrument playing such as finger motions. In this paper, we present a wearable haptic device to guide diaphragmatic breathing, which can be used in vocal training as well as the learning of wind instruments. The device is a wearable strap vest, consisting of a spinal exoskeleton on the back as the inhalation system and an elastic belt around the waist as the exhalation system. We conducted case studies to first assess the convenience and comfortability of wearing the device, and then evaluate the effectiveness of tactile signals on rhythm guidance and respiratory guidance. Results show users' acceptance of the haptic interface and the potential of haptic guidance in vocal training.


An interesting observation reported that the critical micelle concentrations of an ionic amphiphilic block copolymer increased with the salt concentration. Numerical solutions of the Poisson–Boltzm...


Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, MA 02139, USA and National Center for Biological Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India


Musculoskeletal diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are one of the leading causes of long-term pain and physical disability. Traditional treatment methods for promoting healing and repair has always been consider gold standard, But the emergence of new therapeutic approaches aims to regenerate or repair musculoskeletal tissue. The recognition of a regenerative therapy in orthopaedics requires the demonstration of new Bone, Cartilage, ligament, tendons, healing of soft tissues injuries and Overuse conditions like plantar fasciitis or tennis elbow . Regenerative therapy boosts the body's ability to use its repair systems to heal diseased or damaged cells after a severe injury, or other degenerative condition. A diversity of regenerative strategies have been evaluated, including distraction osteogenesis, bone grafts and bone substitute materials, bone matrix proteins, growth/differentiation factors, combined therapies and, more recently, tissue‐engineering approaches. This review aims to evaluate the current status of the therapies available and to discuss the challenges that must be faced in order to achieve predictable orthopaedic  regeneration in clinical practice.


Kafka is a Weird novelist.He described the Great Wall of China and the great empire in that time concretely even though he had never been to China.In his novel When the Great Wall of China is Built,the imperfect Great Wall,auto- cratic empire and ignorant people are the culture"he person"——Estern civilization,in his and other westerners'eyes.This kind of"he person"is a reflection to"myself"from"not myself"and imagination of the empire in that time.The nature is to describe the Austria-hungary in his period.This kind of special novel written by Kafka and his other novels form the spiritual predicament of Kafka.


One-electron transfer reactions involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized and reducd forms (NAD./NADH) were studied by pulse radiolysis in aqueous solutions. One-electron oxidation of NADH by various phenoxyl radicals and phenothiazine cation radicals was found to take place with rate constants in the range of 10/sup 5/ to 10/sup 8/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/, depending on the redox potential of the oxidizing species. In all cases, NAD. is formed quantitatively with no indication for the existence of the protonated form (NADH/sup +/.). The spectrum of NAD., as well as the rates of oxidation of NADH by phenoxyl and by (chlorpromazine)/sup +/. were independent of pH between pH 4.5 and 13.5. Reaction of deuterated NADH indicated only a small kinetic isotope effect. All these findings point to an electron transfer mechanism. On the other hand, attempts to observe the reverse electron transfer, i.e., one-electron reduction of NAD. to NADH by radicals such as semiquinones, showed that k was less than 10/sup 4/ to 10/sup 5/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/, so that it was unobservable. Consequently, it was not possible to achieve equilibrium conditions which would have permitted the direct measurement of the redox potential for NAD./NADH. One-electron reduction of NAD. appearsmore » to be an unlikely process. 1 table.« less


To provide evidence for feasibility analysis of individual co-operative housing mode, basing expounding the mode in Wenzhou, the paper points out it's a cooperative consumption behavior, and there are various of differences when compared with traditional real estate investment.


The cultivation of taro is of great economic and social importance on a global scale. The current orientation towards agricultural production and the serious consequences of the mildew of taro to crops prompts to find alternatives to chemical control. This study aims at selecting in the taro habitat (leaves, rhizosphere) the microorganisms with high antagonistic potential capable of ensuring the biological control of P. colocasiae . Fungus isolated from the taro-infected leaves of the cultivar "Macumba or Ibo coco" from the V8-Agar medium, was kept in pure culture. The different antagonists were obtained by two trapping techniques using P. colocasiae as bait for the associated microorganisms and by the decimal dilution technique. The results reveal fourteen antagonist isolates, including five fungi and two bacteria isolated from the leaves; Against 4 bacteria and 3 fungi at ground level. Identification of the latter identified the presence of Penicillium Sp, Trichoderma Sp, Aspergillus Sp, Pythium Sp., Bacillus Sp, Rhizobium, Streptomyces and seven other unidentified isolates (Ni). The different in vitro tests showed that Rhizobium and Ni4 showed the strongest inhibitions (91.66 and 90.69%). The greenhouse tests showed the high-inhibitory effect of Trichoderma Sp . and Rhizobium, which showed very low foliar alteration percentages (9.65 and 1.86%). These antagonists would be of particular benefit to farmers in the development of biological pesticides.


Yttrium fumaropimarat (YFPA) was synthesized with fumaropimaric acid and yttrium acetate as raw materials. The structure of the product was analyzed and characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDAX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the product was amorphous state, three-dimensional reticulation compound by the ionic bond of COO- and Y3+. The effect of YFPA on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) thermal stability was researched by means of Congo red method and heat oven aging method. The experimental results showed that YFPA was a good long-term PVC thermal stabilizer and could greatly improve PVC thermal stability and initial stage stainability mixing calcium stearate, zinc stearate, and pentaerythrite. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45015.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Hughes, John; Kaeser, Linda A.; Norman, Susan E.; Rinderknecht, Lillian; and Wills, John, "A Demographic study based upon income, age and education variables as related to the willingness or unwillingness to accept foster children" (1970). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 656.


Methods of determination of radon eduction rate in uranium mining and hydrome tallurgy system are discribed.Its influence factors such as precipitation,air pressure,air temperature,ground temperature,and humidity etc.are explored.


Engineering approach of statistics processing is defined for the statistical expert system. First, the engineering approach requirement are conceptualized by using an artificial intelligence in statistics, with the extensions being additional statistical knowlege engineering such as software engineering, optinal relationships, and the generalization abstraction. The methodology produces statistical expert system designes that are not only accurate representations of reality but also enough to accommodate future processing requirements. It also representions of knowledge that must be constructed, using the extended engineering processing model conceptualization and proposed engineering approach of the problem.


Some general properties of recently introduced inputs-output multistructural (overlapping) models are analysed and compared with the properties of the well-known input-output canonical forms. Algorithms for the transformation of a generic input-output model to a multi-structural one and for transformation between ' adjacent' multistructural models are then proposed. The use of the models in on-line multivariate identification is also discussed and a numerical example given.


In 2006 the Records of the Tasmanian Convict Department were inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. This extraordinarily intact collection of records document the lives of 73,000 male and female prisoners transported to Van Diemen's Land. This article examines ways in which this information can be used to explore the impact of forced labour migration on the lives of convicts. It focuses in particular on the assembly of cradle-to-grave datasets. Such longitudinal approaches to the past can be powerful, especially where they involve the analysis of multiple life course events for a large number of individuals. The first part of the article explores ways in which quantitative approaches can be used to reconstruct the circumstances that shaped the creation of record groups. The second part examines the way in which longitudinal analysis can be used to analyse the impact of state action on the lives of convicts.


INTRODUCTION
A variety of NPWT products have become commercially available in the last 30 years. Utilizing advanced wound therapies appropriately can improve patient outcomes and decrease health care expenditures. Due to the increasing number of available product options, Hurd and colleagues published 10 Consensus Statements and a clinical decision tree to provide guidance on how and when to use NPWT and when to transition between device types.

OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the applicability of the consensus panel's statements and the clinical decision tree, 2 clinicians in the United States and Canada explored the benefits of applying these recommendations into their routine wound management practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Case studies were collected and reviewed in accordance with the Consensus Statements and clinical decision tree.

RESULTS
Case presentations illustrate the application of the consensus panel's guidance through the prescribing of the NPWT products utilized as standard of care within both facilities.

CONCLUSION
Utilizing NPWT devices according to the consensus panel recommendations and the clinical decision tree may assist in optimizing care delivery to patients and address logistical and economic efficiencies.


GenomicTuples is an R/Bioconductor package (R Core Team 2016; Wolfgang Huber et al 2015) that defines general purpose containers for storing and manipulating genomic tuples. A genomic tuple of size m is of the form chromosome:strand:{pos_1, pos_2, ..., pos_m} where pos_1 < pos_2 < ... < pos_m are positions along the chromosome. The difference between a genomic tuple and a genomic range/interval is like that of a difference between an ordered set and an interval. For example, the genomic 2-tuple chr3:+:{65, 77} differs from the genomic range chr3:+:[65, 77] by not including any of the intervening loci, chr3:+:66 to chr3:+:76.


Knowledge evolves much faster than nature. It is, however, by definition an inaccurate abstraction (31). Any attempt to describe the ontogeny of mature function is limited by the accuracy of our current abstraction. This review, with the exception of the final section, is therefore biased toward ontogenetic analyses of those physiological processes that we best understand. Space limitations kept many important areas and contributors from being treated. Why study the ontogeny of auditory information processing? One reason is to understand the development of audition, per se, including such phenomena as the endocochlear potential (9) or the ontogeny of the frequency/place principle (74, 110). Another reason is to use unique qualities of the auditory system to approach more general issues of developmental neurobiology (106). Such issues include the demonstration that afferents influence cell death (73) or the ontogenetic elimination of supernumerary inputs in the central nervous system (60). Development can also be used as a tool to further understand the principles underlying adult function. Pujol and his colleagues, for example, have used the fact that inner hair cell differentiation precedes that of outer hair cells to investigate functional differences between these two cell types (18).


Family businesses form the backbone of the SME sector in every country. Those founding a new business entity usually need support from their family members, let it be
their knowledge, money, assets, time, or simply understanding and personal care. Thus,
it is vital to enhance not only the survival, but also the success rate of these firms. This
paper reviews issues that entrepreneurs will face as a top-manager in a family business context. We assess alternatives to common financial accounting and performance
measurement practices and compare adequate financing sources and strategies for
family businesses to practices used by other types of firms.
The paper discusses the different forms of funds that are available to the owners of
these enterprises. We will start with a brief characterization of the ownership structure
of family businesses. Then review the literature on funding resources to family businesses. These different resources are discussed from a family relevant practical point of
view. Finally, some conclusions are presented.


The dendrite segregation in cast H13 steel is weakened with RE modification treatment. Carbide on grain boundary disappeared after quenching, and impact toughness improved greatly. By two dimensional lattice misfitting calculation and analysis by electron probe, it is found that Ce 2O 3 may act as the heterogeneous nuclei of modified cast H13 steel.


According to documentation kept in the city of Calahorra archives there were dramatic representations as early as the end of the XVI century. The importance of the city itself, Episcopal headquarters, besides its strategic location on the valley of the Ebro River, propitiated the performance of "companias de comedias" that, coming from Valencia and Madrid towards Logrono and Pamplona, operated in the North of Spain. In 1672 a "patio de comedias" was built, and the old existing provisional sites were substituted by this new "patio" which was administered by the Church; in this "patio" theatrical performances took place until its disappearance in the 1850's. This "patio de comedias", built by the architecst Santiago Raon and Domingo Usabiaga in ovoid shape, shared architectural characteristics with the most modern models built in the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the XVII century.


This study investigated the influence of time pressure perception and social ties on the supplier selection decisions and performance of public firms in a typically polychronic cultural setting. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 342 senior level personnel in 40 public sector organizations in Nigeria and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. The study's results indicate that while time pressure has no significant influence on supplier selection decision, its impact on performance is significant and negative. The results also show that social ties are significant positive predictors of supplier selection decisions, but their relationship with performance is insignificant. However, the study also found that supplier selection decisions positively influence performance, and supplier selection decisions positively mediates the relationship between social ties and perceived performance. Based on the study's findings and conclusions, important implications for practice and suggestions for further research are discussed.


Full: HTML / PDF (49K) Select Citation Toxicity of Bisabolangelone from Ostericum koreanum Roots to Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) Suk-Woo Kang, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Won-Ja Lee, and Young-Joon Ahn pp 3547 3550; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf060140d Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (46K) Select Citation Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin Oxidation Products from Yellow Onion (Allium cepa) Skin Freddy A. 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Functional Fatty Fish Supplemented with Grape Procyanidins. Antioxidant and Proapoptotic Properties on Colon Cell Lines I. Medina, S. Lois, D. Lizárraga, M. Pazos, S. Touriño, M. Cascante, and J. L. Torres pp 3598 3603; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf0527145 Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (187K) Select Citation Carnobacterium Species: Effect of Metabolic Activity and Interaction with Brochothrix thermosphacta on Sensory Characteristics of Modified Atmosphere Packed Shrimp Birgit Groth Laursen, J rgen Johannes Leisner, and Paw Dalgaard pp 3604 3611; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf053017f Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (88K) COMPOSITION OF FOODS/FEEDS Select Citation Lipid Characterization of a High-Stearic Sunflower Mutant Displaying a Seed Stearic Acid Gradient Valle Fernandez-Moya, Enrique Martínez-Force, and Rafael Garcés pp 3612 3616; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf052501f Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (69K) Select Citation Chemical Composition and in Vitro Antioxidant Evaluation of Commercial WaterSoluble Willow Herb (Epilobium angustifolium L.) Extracts Alexander N. Shikov, Eugeny A. Poltanov, H. J. Damien Dorman, Valery G. Makarov, Vladimir P. 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Christensen pp 3629 3635; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf060422d Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (385K) CROP AND ANIMAL PROTECTION Select Citation Stereoselective Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of (E)-(Methoxyimino) benzeneacetate Derivatives Containing 1,3,5-Substituted Pyrazole Ring Yan Li, Hong-Quan Zhang, Jie Liu, Xiang-Ping Yang, and Zhao-Jie Liu pp 3636 3640; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf060074f Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (88K) Supporting Info Select Citation Photochemical Degradation of Imazamox in Aqueous Solution: Influence of Metal Ions and Anionic Species on the Ultraviolet Photolysis Etienne Quivet, René Faure, Joseph Georges, Jean-Olivier Païssé, Bernard Herbreteau, and Pierre Lantéri pp 3641 3645; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf060097u Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (105K)Full: HTML / PDF (105K) Select Citation Identification of Environmental Factors Limiting Plant Uptake of Metaldehyde Seed Treatments under Field Conditions Louise C. Simms, Julian J. C. Dawson, Graeme I. Paton, and Michael J. Wilson pp 3646 3650; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf060231a Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (78K) ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Select Citation Degradation of Chlorothalonil in Irradiated Water/ Sediment Systems Jeong-Wook Kwon and Kevin L. Armbrust pp 3651 3657; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf052847q Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (140K) Select Citation Page 6 of 10 Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry: Vol.54, Issue 10 (ACS Publications) 17/5/2550 http://pubs3.acs.org/acs/journals/toc.page?incoden=jafcau&indecade=0&involume=54&inis... 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Inhibition of Apple Polyphenol Oxidase Activity by Sodium Chlorite Shengmin Lu, Yaguang Luo, and Hao Feng pp 3693 3696; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf0518103 Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (94K) Select Citation Feruloyl Esterase Utilization for Simultaneous Processing of Nonwood Plants into Phenolic Compounds and Pulp Fibers Sandra Tapin, Jean-Claude Sigoillot, Marcel Asther, and Michel Petit-Conil pp 3697 3703; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf052725y Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (413K) Select Citation Comparison of the Structure and Properties of Liposomes Prepared from Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Soy Phospholipids Abby K. Thompson, Jason P. Hindmarsh, Derek Haisman, Thomas Rades, and Harjinder Singh pp 3704 3711; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf052859b Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (262K) Select Citation Gelatinization and Solubility of Corn Starch during Heating in Excess Water: New Insights Wajira S. Ratnayake and David S. Jackson pp 3712 3716; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf0529114 Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (385K) Select Citation Human Milk Fat Substitutes Containing Omega-3 Fatty Acids Ne e ahín, Casimir C. Akoh, and Artem s Karaalí pp 3717 3722; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/jf053103f Abstract Full: HTML / PDF (164K)


Objective To explore the relationship between microsatellite DNA polymorphism of human adrenomedullin gene and diabetic nephropathy within a Chinese population.Methods Among Han Chinese in Jiangsu province,94 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 77 normal control were collected randomly.Polymorphism of microsatellite markers was detected by performing polymerase chain reaction,polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining,to compare the alleles frequencies and genotype frequencies of AM gene microsatellite(CA)n between diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.Results ①The genotype frequencies and alleles frequencies of AM gene microsatellite(CA)n among the normal control,diabetic patients with normal and abnormal albuminuria were significantly different 44 cases(28.6%),72 cases(46.7%),37 cases(24.0%),1 case(0.6%) vs 28 cases(25.5%),49 cases(44.5%),32 cases(29.1%),1 case(0.9%) vs 18 cases(28.1%),32 cases(50.0%),11 cases(17.2%),3 cases(4.7%) vs 1 case(7.1%),7 cases(50.0%),2 cases(14.2%),4 cases(28.6%)(χ2=61.900,P0.01;χ2=68.926,P0.01).②The alleles frequencies of AM gene microsatellite(CA)n between normal and abnormal albuminuria in diabetic patients were significantly different(χ2=9.276,P=0.026),whereas no significant difference was found in the genotype frequencies.The allele-4 was more common in diabetic patients with abnormal albuminuria(RR=7.660,P0.05).Conclusion Polymorphism of microsatellite markers in AM gene is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Han Chinese.


Abstract : The report considers the stressed state of a spherical shell, weakened by two equal circular holes that are reinforced by identical elastic rings. (Author)


Developing new power converters often requires the measurement of current transients in transistors once they are positioned on its definitive location at the final printed circuit board (PCB) layout. Non-invasive conventional measuring methods such as active current probes or current transformers require a minimum space around the path of the current under measurement, but that space is not always available on definitive PCBs. The Rogowski current transducer is built by a flexible and thin coil, offers low insertion losses and a high bandwidth, so it is commonly used when space restrictions are important. New semiconductors such as SiC MOSFETs allow faster switching transients and therefore higher dv/dt occurs, leading to important perturbations on the Rogowski coil. This letter presents a two-step measurement procedure that allows the rejection of this perturbation. After a first conventional measurement, a second measurement, not encircling the current under study, is performed. During the second measurement the Rogowski coil is located close to the initial position, thus the second measurement records only the dv/dt perturbation. This perturbation can be easily subtracted to the first measurement, and therefore a perturbation-free current evolution is obtained.


Particles in Prague Spoken Corpus. The article deals with particles, usually considered to be a residual part of speech, and strives to come to some general conclusions on occurrence and frequency of particles as well as their function in common spoken language. The basic source is the reference Prague Spoken Corpus (PSC) which is a part of the Czech National Corpus. The fact that particles are after verbs and pronouns the third most frequent word in spoken Czech appears for the first time in the Frequency Dictionary of Spoken Czech based on the PSC. This finding demands new tasks on linguists, especially more detailed description of this so frequently used part of speech, which hasn't been so far thoroughly analyzed on the basis of true authentic data. PSC provides the unique possibility to describe functions and the meaning of particles in the direct authentic context and usage, where they naturally appear. Large contextual scope is the decisive criterion for their identification. Description of particles requires a practical approach and by analyzing their real occurrence and co-occurrence one can prove, deny or change all theoretical premises. What we haven't found in the corpus is also a positive knowledge — the prove that in the corpus with a size of almost three quarter million tokens a particular word didn't appear. The article presents all types of particles which appear in the corpus and provides both its quantitative analyses dealing with original particles as well as with those homonymous with other parts of speech. It also deals with the existing processing of particles in various linguistic manuals. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA /


Over the last several decades, designers have used digital screens to view images of real and simulated spaces and make critical design decisions. Screen technology has improved during this time, as technologies like OLED have replaced legacy displays (CRT, plasma, and LCD). These new screens provide a higher pixel resolution, luminous output and contrast ratio. Immersive head-mounted displays now allow designers to view immersive images, and recent developments in real-time rendering have encouraged the uptake of virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays in mainstream practice and design education. This paper presents an experiment on lighting perception using a series of LED lighting conditions in a real space and a virtual representation of those conditions captured using a 360° high-dynamic-range camera and presented on an HTC Vive Pro HMD. Fifty-three participants were asked to rate each lighting condition by viewing it in a real space (n = 30) or via immersive HDR photographs displayed in a VR HMD (n = 23). The results show that ratings of visual comfort, pleasantness, evenness, contrast and glare are similar between the HTC Vive Pro HMD and our real space when evaluating well-lit scenes, but significant differences emerge in dim and highly contrasted scenes for a number of rating scales.


The engineer Kirillov, an important character in Dostoievskii's Demons, has provoked considerable critical disagreement. In a well-known section of Le Mythe de Sisyphe, Albert Camus describes him as a figure who expresses the theme of 'logical suicide' with 'the most admirable range and depth'. Other commentators have not always been so sanguine, some dismissing Kirillov as a madman in the grip of a mad theory. While dissenting from Camus's analysis in certain respects, this article offers an interpretation consistent with his basic argument. Kirillov's decision to commit suicide is based on a simple, if implacable, logic which convinces him that as long as he kills himself for the right reason, his death will be an act of redemption for all humanity. Kirillov is a wholly 'metaphysical' character – one of the earliest in modern fiction – whose ambition to become the 'man-god' is explored by Dostoievskii to its ultimate, desolate conclusion.


Purpose
This paper aims to propose a normal and tangential contact stiffness model to investigate the contact characteristics between rough surfaces of machined joints based on fractal geometry and contact mechanics theory considering surface asperities interaction.

Design/methodology/approach
The fractal geometry theory describes surface topography and Hertz contact theory derives the asperities elastic, elastic-plastic and plastic contact deformation. The joint normal and tangential contact stiffness are obtained. The experiment method for normal and tangential contact stiffness are introduced.

Findings
The relationship between dimensionless normal contact load and dimensionless normal and tangential contact stiffness are analyzed in different plasticity index. The results show that they are nonlinear relationships. The normal and tangential contact stiffness are obtained based on theoretical and experimental methods for milling and grinding machined specimens. The results indicate that the present model for the normal and tangential contact stiffness are consistent with experimental data, respectively.

Originality/value
The normal and tangential contact stiffness models are constructed by using the fractal geometry and the contact mechanics theory considering surface asperities interaction, which includes fully elastic, elastic-plastic and fully plastic contacts deformation. The present method can generate a more reliable calculation result as compared with the contact model no-considering asperities interaction.


Almost 20 percent of the world's population lacks access to safe drinking water (DW) and basic sanitation. The Target 10 of United Nations Millennium Development Goals is "to reduce by half, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe DW, by 2015". In order to reach the goal, many countries are investing in water treatment systems in a big way. However, it has been proved that household system is more effective than centralized systems as it ensures quality of DW at the point of consumption. The current study compares household level drinking water treatment technologies for urban and rural areas of India using Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP), a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) tool. Traditional and commercial technologies suitable for urban and rural households from the consumer perspective have been considered. Preferences given for the choice of technologies are based on literature review, household level survey, market survey and semi-structured interviews with various governmental and non-governmental officials. The technologies considered for the current study are not only suitable to both urban and rural areas, but affordable (costing up to `10,000 OR $162) to middle and lower middle class households. The technologies selected include alum, boiling, alum-boiling-straining, SODIS, ceramic candle filters, Biosand filters, Terafil filter, Pure it, Tata Swach, and Aquaguard Compact. Boiling and Aquaguard were top ranked for the urban areas whereas SODIS and boiling were ranked high for the rural areas. The ranking has been found to be sensitive to the attributes such as the initial cost, maintenance cost, durability, reliability and the ability to treat contaminants of the candidate technologies. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process 1 Washington, D.C. June 29 – July 2, 2014 IJAHP Article: Yaparla Rao, Rao, / Comparison of Household Level Drinking Water Treatment Technologies using Analytic Hierarchy Process.


Ward and Kellis (Reports, September 5 2012) identify regulatory regions in the human genome exhibiting lineage-specific constraint and estimate the extent of purifying selection. There is no statistical rationale for the examples they highlight, and their estimates of the fraction of the genome under constraint are biased by arbitrary designations of completely constrained regions.


Obesity and diabetes are growing health problems world‐wide. In this study, we tested whether sulforaphane, a compound derived from cruciferous vegetables, has anti‐diabetic action using animal model. One year old male mice were fed either a high‐fat diet (FHD) or HFD supplemented with sulforaphane (0.3 g/kg diet) for 7 weeks. We found that dietary provision of sulforaphane greatly improved fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice fed HFD. Sulforaphane treatment had no effect on body weight gain or body composition of obese mice. In addition, body temperature, energy expenditure, or cage activity of mice were not altered by sulforaphane treatment. These data for the first time suggest that sulforaphane may be a potent natural compound for preventing the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in old adult mice.


After some delay we are happy to continue the publication of Fauna norvegica. A new editor and editorial office has been assigned since the last edition. At the same time, there has also been a change in the editorial policy, to increase the focus on diversity, abundance and faunal changes. We will also focus on taxonomy and systematics, which is often coupled to studies in diversity and biogeography. A closer inspection of our new "Instructions to authors" will reveal that topics covering ecology and ethology have been left out. There are already a number of journals that cover these topics, and we want to emphasise the scope here by considering knowledge on biodiversity. Another change we have made is regarding the main geographic focus area, and we now encourage a wider focus towards the Nordic area. This is not a strict limitation as research dealing with other geographical regions may also be accepted.


The present invention discloses a three-dimensional model of the road, said method comprising the steps of: A) to obtain a two-dimensional course coordinate data; B) to obtain the two-dimensional coordinate data based on road width of the road and the two-dimensional course coordinate data corresponding to the road edge feature points; C) to determine the three-dimensional road surface area according to the road edge feature points; and D) on the grid surface area in order to obtain three-dimensional road model. The present invention can be generated with a high degree of simulation of 3D virtual road model based on two-dimensional road map data in real time dynamically, greatly accelerate the speed of the 3D road model. Therefore, greatly improve the efficiency of the road map can be used roads and 3D modeling.


Friend or foe identification (FFI) is important one of identifying technologies for auto-target in modern battlefield under high technology. The system possessed FFI capability has been become one of basic function cells of digitized system on battlefield in 21 century. At present, target identifying includes feature identification and imaging identification of target, passive detecting identification, lidar identification, millimeter wave identification, data fusion identification of sensors etc. In order that new type FFI system is researched, the problem needed to consider adequately is how to find a new identifying method. Now, radar auto-identifying target is emphases of research, the data fusion technique for multi-sensor system is an effective approach. The new type FFI system in developing consists of the subsystem that user directly identifies targets captured by radar and the subsystem that delivers interrelated information of targets automatically identified by radar for users.


Volatiles of six sweet orange essential oils with different origins were characterized by descriptive sensory analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). Six attributes (green, fruity, peely, fatty, floral and wood) were selected to assess sweet orange essential oils, in which 64 volatile compounds were detected by GC-MS. Monoterpenes constituted the largest chemical group among the volatiles of the essential oils. Thirty-one aroma compounds having more than a 50% detection frequency and large span were selected as major odour active compounds correlated with sensory evaluation assessed by partial least squares regression (PLSR). The correlation result showed α-pinene, sabinene, limonene, δ-terpinolene, hexanal, octanal, decanal and dodecanal were typical aroma compounds, which co-varied with a characteristic aroma of the sweet orange essential oil. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Much safety climate research has focused on the organization as the unit of analysis. However, using the organization as the level of analysis can mask important sub-unit differences. Workgroups in the Australian construction industry have been found to demonstrate significant within group homogeneity and between-group variation in safety climate. In particular, subcontracted work groups are reported to develop unique and variable safety climates. A typology of group-level safety climates is developed, based on the combination of climate level and climate strength.


Towards optimal Newton-type methods for nonconvex smooth optimization Coralia Cartis Coralia.Cartis (at) ed.ac.uk School of Mathematics, Edinburgh University We show that the steepest-descent and Newton methods for unconstrained non-convex optimization, under standard assumptions, may both require a number of iterations and function evaluations arbitrarily close to the steepest-descent's global worst-case complexity bound. This shows that the latter upper bound is essentially tight for steepest descent and that the Newton method may be as slow as the steepest-descent method in the worst case. Next, the cubic regularization of the Newton method (Griewank (1981), Nesterov & Polyak (2006)) is considered and extended to large-scale problems, while preserving the same order of its improved worst-case complexity (by comparison to that of steepest-descent). This improved worst-case bound is also shown to be essentially tight. We further address the optimality of cubic regularization from a worst-case complexity point of view amongst a class of secondorder methods. An extension of cubic regularization to bound-constrained problems will be presented that satisfies the unconstrained function-evaluation complexity bound of cubic regularization. Joint work with Nick Gould (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK) and Philippe Toint (Namur University, Belgium). Convexification of mixed-integer quadratically constrained quadratic programs Laura Galli l.galli (at) unibo.it DEIS, Bologna University In this study we explore when and how one can obtain convex reformulations of mixedinteger quadratically constrained quadratic programs (MIQCQP). In particular, we show that semidefinite programming (SDP) can be used both to guarantee convexity of MIQCQP functions, and to perturb them in such a way that the lower bound obtained from the continuous relaxation of the problem is equal to the SDP bound (sometimes even better). A serious problem is however posed by continuous variables that have quadratic terms in one or more constraints. Such variables can cause convex reformulations to be weak, or even prevent them from existing at all. This is not surprising, however, given that non-convex QCQP, a purely continuous problem, is an NP-hard global optimisation problem. Joint work with Adam Letchford (Lancaster University).


This study uses the analysis of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and NMR relaxation parameters to study the structure and functional group distribution of a fulvic acid and a humic acid. The spectra and relaxation parameters are obtained with a new cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) 13C NMR technique that gives qualitatively and quantitatively accurate results at higher fields. The analysis of the spectra and relaxation parameters indicates that carbohydrate moieties play a major structural role in the fulvic acid studied and contain the major chemical functionality. This analysis also sug gested that the majority of the weakly acid protons may be aliphatic/carbohydrate -OH and not phenolic alcohols, as assigned earlier. Models for the fulvic acid and the humic acid are proposed based on spectra and relaxation parameters obtained. The fulvic acid model consists of three units:  (i) large relatively immobile units that are mainly aliphatic in nature and largely unfunctionalized; (...


We describe a spectral method for the direct numerical calculation of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation described in hyperspherical coordinates. The method is based on the split-step technique where the wavefunction is expanded in the appropriate eigenfunctions for the partial operators, making the time integration efficient, accurate and simple. The fast Fourier transform is applied to produce the expansion in the hyperradial direction, and a general hyperspherical harmonics transformation is applied to create an expansion in the angular directions. The latter transformation is set up by a combination of spherical harmonics and Jacobi polynomials. The method is ideal to describe correlated ionization dynamics of two-electron systems in strong fields and other phenomena where a hyperradial expansion is efficient.


Third-generation CT architectures are approaching fundamental limits. Spatial resolution is limited by the focal spot size and the detector cell size. Temporal resolution is limited by mechanical constraints on gantry rotation speed, and alternative geometries such as electron-beam CT and two-tube-two-detector CT come with severe tradeoffs in terms of image quality, dose-efficiency and complexity. Image noise is fundamentally linked to patient dose, and dose-efficiency is limited by finite detector efficiency and by limited spatio-temporal control over the X-ray flux. Finally, volumetric coverage is limited by detector size, scattered radiation, conebeam artifacts, Heel effect, and helical over-scan. We propose a new concept, multi-source inverse geometry CT, which allows CT to break through several of the above limitations. The proposed architecture has several advantages compared to third-generation CT: the detector is small and can have a high detection efficiency, the optical spot size is more consistent throughout the field-of-view, scatter is minimized even when eliminating the anti-scatter grid, the X-ray flux from each source can be modulated independently to achieve an optimal noise-dose tradeoff, and the geometry offers unlimited coverage without cone-beam artifacts. In this work we demonstrate the advantages of multi-source inverse geometry CT using computer simulations.


As the move to lead-free soldering gathers pace the Ni-modified Sn-Cu eutectic has maintained a very strong position in the global electronics industry as the major alternative and complement to alloys based on the Sn-Ag-Cu system. In wave soldering the number of machines running the alloy in commercial production has increased to over 700 and the use of the alloy in the hot air solder levelling process for the application of a solderable lead-free finish for printed circuit boards is also growing. An unanticipated development has been its increasing use in reflow where peak temperatures in the range 245-255°C can be tolerated. As the same time the limitations of the unmodified Sn-Ag-Cu system as a basis for lead-free solders have become apparent. Fundamental research is starting to elucidate the mechanism by which the Ni addition affects the behaviour of Sn-0.7Cu as a practical solder. In this paper the current understanding of the effect of Ni on the Sn-Cu eutectic system will be reported and the implications for its performance as a lead-free solder discussed.


T H E PRESENCE OF PATCHES and layers in marine pelagic ecosystems may play an important role in providing food for higher trophic levels at concentrations high enough to support the metabolism, growth, and reproduction of the consumers. There has been a persistent enigma of average bulk water prey concentrations frequently being below that necessary for consumer growth, yet the consumer populations are observed to grow and persist (Lasker, 1975: Mullin, 1988). Concentrated patches or layers of prey organisms are not accurately sampled by traditional means such as net tows, bottle sampling, and even standard CTD and in situ fluorescence profiling. The formation of a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) during the late spring and early summer in temperate waters is well established (Steele and Yentsch, 1960). This maximum is most likely caused by the combination of sinking of larger phytoplankton cells from surface waters following nutrient depletion, and the establishment of a seasonal pycnocline within the euphotic zone (Jamart et al., 1977). This combination of biological and physical factors probably controls the composition of the SCM and its vertical extent. In some cases the SCM could be vertically compressed enough to lbrm a thin layer, on the order of several meters thick. It is likely that if such layers are common in the marine environment, consumers have adapted to


Severe hiccup was treated by auriculo-acupuncture plus moxa cone moxibustion,with hydro-acupuncture when the patient was very feeble. The second group was treated by auriculo-acupuncture with gentle moxibustion and the third one, with warm-needling moxibustion. Compari-son made in 138 cases revealed that the first group was very satisfactory, the cured rate being 100%,that of the 2nd and 3rd groups were 91. 3% and 82. 35% respectively. Statistical treatment revealedP 0.05.


Abstract In this article, which is a summary of his presentation at the 38th BIALL Annual Study Conference held in Sheffield in June 2007, James Mullan provides an account of how the Content Team at CMS Cameron McKenna implemented LawPort and the issues they faced from the initial pilot to completion of the project.


We have been developing a system, called Tour Miner, which mines tour plans from SNS. It consists of two functions: mining and smelting. The mining function searches SNS for a given keyword and discovers travel records related to the keyword. The smelting function combines the travel records and extracts tour plans from the combination. In this paper, we elucidate the implementation of the smelting function. It first converts the travel records into a graph by process mining technique, and then gives each path of the graph as a tour route. We also illustrate its usefulness with an application example.


A large number of local German language communities, language islands ( Sprachinseln ), were founded in different parts of Russia between 1765 and the second half of the nineteenth century. The continuity of development in the German-speaking communities was sharply interrupted by the Second World War. As a result, the specific variety of Russlanddeutsch 'Russian German' ( RG ) is in the process of dying out. This study investigates a sample of current spoken German in Eastern Siberia using the digitalized Siberian German Corpus ( SGC ) at the University of Gothenburg. The investigation attempts to establish (i) which word order variants are realized specifically in clauses with the German discourse marker nun 'well' and its Russian counterpart nu 'well', and (ii) what the effect of language contact could be. The results of the analysis show a large variety of word order phenomena in the examples containing Russian nu . Verb-first orders are common in the data investigated. These variants also contain subject pro-drop. Furthermore, it is shown that a high degree of language contact is involved in these word order variants with the Russian nu . Different types of borrowing (including lexical transference) are frequent features of this contact variety.


1 Manifolds.- 2 Tensors and Differential Forms.- 3 Lie Groups.- 4 Integration on Manifolds.- 5 Sheaves, Cohomology, and the de Rham Theorem.- 6 The Hodge Theorem.- Supplement to the Bibliography.- Index of Notation.


This paper presents the stability analyzed results of four permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based offshore wind farms fed to an synchronous generator (SG)-based power system through a line-commutated converter (LCC)-based HVDC link. The damping controller of the inverter station of the HVDC link is designed by using modal control theory to contribute adequate damping to the studied SG-based power system under different operating conditions. A frequency-domain scheme based on eigenvalue analysis and a time-domain method based on nonlinear model simulations are both performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It can be concluded from the simulation results that the proposed LCC-HVDC link combined with the designed damping controller at the inverter station cannot only render adequate damping to the studied SG under various operating conditions but also effectively mitigate inherent SG oscillations under severe disturbance conditions.


At a series of recent workshops, sponsored by the Hastings Center, on the legal and ethical responsibilities of hospital trustees, the moral implications of budget cuts emerged as a serious concern. Trustees are increasingly being forced to make tough resource allocation decisions, which create tensions in their interrelationships with physicians and hospital administrators. It is suggested that none of these groups has had the experience or training needed to balance ethical and economic demands.


The disputes among Chinese governments emerge themselves gradually along with the deepening of reforms,which counteract the cooperation among govemments and have an impact on performance of the joint efforts,causing the irreversible internal trouble and the damage of national overall benefit,inconsistent with the demand of development of the times. The overall government based on the spirit of ruling by law is a good plan to settle conflicts, which focuses on molding the unity image of governments,integrating common objectives to improve the cooperation among govemments,encouraging the competition and cooperation of local governments to integrate strength,and optimizing the allocation of resources to serve the public effectively;Overall government is based on the vision of constitutionalism of fairness and justice,favorable to rebuild the confidence of the masses for government,to dissolve the disputes among governments in sprout state by integrating different strength, eventually to realize the aim to service the masses wholly and cooperatively,and becoming the hopeful way of integrating source and handling disputes among governments.


Amaximal complete sub-graph of G is called a clique of G.If every block of G is a clique of G,then G is called a block graph.The problems of solving the minimum clique transversal set and the maximum clique independence set are called MCTS-Problem and MCIS-Problem respectively.This paper gives a linear-time algorithm of MCTS-Problem and MCIS-Problem in block graphs and proves that the clique transversal number equals the clique independence number in block graphs,that is τC(G)=αC(G).


In order to determine the extent to which fungi might be the causative agents of decline or collapse of avocado trees in California, roots and soil samples have been taken from both healthy and diseased trees in many localities. Pieces of diseased and healthy roots from the individual trees were incised, washed in water, sterilized in 70 percent alcohol to destroy surface contamination, blotted, and placed upon corn meal agar plates. Alter three to six days the plates would be examined for their root fungus populations. In this manner, some conception as to what the possible causative agents are has been obtained.


Mutations in the ubiquitin ligase scaffold protein Cullin 3 (CUL3) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cause vascular dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and severe hypertension. We hypothesized that conditional deletion of CUL3 in SMCs causes severe hypertension through a renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-dependent mechanism. Mice carrying a conditional allele of CUL3 were bred to mice expressing a tamoxifen-inducible CRE-recombinase driven by a smooth muscle promoter (ISM-CRE, control). Tamoxifen was administered to generate smooth muscle CUL3 knockout (S-CUL3KO). Primary aortic SMCs were used to elucidate the contribution of CUL3 to intracellular angiotensin II-mediated calcium flux. Calcium response in SMCs was analyzed via ratiometric confocal fluorescent microscopyS-CUL3KO mice demonstrated hypertension following three weeks of tamoxifen, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 108±1 vs. 140±1 mmHg (ISM-CRE vs. S-CUL3KO). Aorta from S-CUL3KO mice exhibited impaired vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh, max relaxation: 84±4% vs. 16±9%, p<0.05) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, max relaxation: 95±3% vs. 56±9%, p<0.05). Captopril administration (7 days) markedly reduced MAP to 84±0.3 mmHg and improved vasorelaxation in response to both ACh (72±6%) and SNP (91±4%) in S-CUL3KO mice, suggesting RAS-dependency of the hypertension. Additionally, candesartan treatment (7 days) substantially decreased MAP from 138±1 to 96±3 mmHg suggesting that hypertension in S-CUL3KO group is angiotensin type-1 receptor mediated. Q-PCR and RNAScope analyses demonstrated no difference in renin expression in the kidney between the S-CUL3KO and control mice suggesting a blunting of the baroreceptor mechanism regulating renin mRNA expression. Equilibrium angiotensin II plasma levels in both groups were not different (2517±352 and 2379±549 pmol/L, p>0.05). Preliminary data demonstrated that acute application of 10 μM of angiotensin II to S-CUL3KO SMCs resulted in a sustained increase in intracellular calcium which was abolished by a preincubation with 2 μM of candesartan.Our data suggest that CUL3 may play a vital role in baroreceptor mechanism in the kidney and regulate angiotensin II response in SMCs which are essential for responding to changes in perfusion pressure. Ultimately, understanding CUL3 target proteins may benefit the development of novel treatments for hypertension. R35 HL144807 (to CDS). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


We have studied the after shock wave loading on physical and mechanical characteristics of Hadfield steel. We have found a relationship between the parameters of elongation, density, hardness of the depth of strengthening layer.


Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous parasite that infects warm-blooded animals and humans. In humans, T. gondii causes encephalitis in AIDS patients, and there is no drug that can eliminate T. gondii infection. T. gondii specifically manipulates the intermediate host's behaviour favouring its transmission to the definitive feline host. Human T. gondii seropositivity has also been associated with mental disorders. T. gondii has two aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, TgAaaH (1 and 2), that convert phenylalanine to tyrosine, and tyrosine to L- DOPA, the latter being the rate-limiting step of dopamine biosynthesis. Based on this and elevated dopamine levels in brain tissue cysts and infected dopaminergic cells, it has been hypothesised that TgAaaH has a role in altering brain neuromodulation and potentially subsequently in the behavioural changes observed. As TgAaaH genes encode a signal peptide, the location of the enzyme was examined. TgAaaH was localised to outside the parasite both membrane- bound to parasites within the parasitophorous vacuole based on immunofluorescence, fractionation, and trypsin susceptibility of released parasites. Another possible role of TgAaaH in cyst wall generation was examined by testing for dopa-oxidase activity to convert L-DOPA to dopa- quinone. Dopa-oxidase activity was not detectable in infected fibroblasts, yet it remains possible that parasite produced L-DOPA is metabolised to dopaquinone by host cell enzymes such as within feline gut endothelial cells where oocysts are formed. This, and our finding that host cell dopa-decarboxylase is required for dopamine biosynthesis, suggest that the product of parasite-produced L-DOPA may be dependent upon the type of cell infected (ie. dopamine in catecholaminergic cells and dopaquinone in endothelial cells). The limitation of studying the bradyzoite stages of infection due to proliferation of tachyzoite stages was resolved by development of a new culture system with depleted tryptophan. This method was then applied to develop a novel throughput assay to identify bradyzoite inhibitors. The validity of this assay was evaluated using tachyzoite and bradyzoite specific inhibitors. This assay will help in finding an
anti-toxoplasma drug for curing of infection.


Canola seed needs to be stored cool and dry to minimise spoilage of the oil. Excessive moisture levels in stored canola lead to rapid heating and loss of oil quality. The equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) of air surrounding bulk stored canola reaches conditions where heating and spoilage occur at lower grain moisture contents than in cere- als and coarse grains. A moisture isotherm describes the relationship between grain moisture and oil content, and ERH, when water in the air is in equilibrium with water in the grain at different temperatures. Commercial grain handlers can use this to determine safe conditions for long-term storage of canola. In this paper, moisture isotherms are presented for selected current canola varieties at 20 and 30°C. The data were modelled using the enhanced Halsey equation and compared with previously published data on Australian varieties. Conditions suitable for safe long-term storage of canola are discussed.


Gravitropism is an important physiological response and an essential mechanism for plants to maintain the normal growth and development on earth.In the life cycle of higher plants, seed development is a key process,but whether gravity can affect the development of seeds has not been confirmed.In this study,the development of siliques and seeds of Arabidopsis under the 3D clinostat rotated condition was analyzed to examine whether seed development including formation of embryos and the activities of metabolism is affected by the altered gravity condition.Our results showed that in the 3D clinostat rotated treated Arabidopsis plants,the morphology of siliques showed an irregular curvature,and the cell division and elongation of suspensor were inhibited.The content of soluble carbohydrates and starch in the young and mature seeds obviously increased,while the content of salt soluble protein decreased.In addition,developing seeds at globular stage are most sensitive to the 3D clinostat rotated treatment with the inhibition of cell division and elongation of the suspensors.Suspensors are important for the transportation of nutrients into embryos and abnormal development of suspensor under the clinostat rotation condition might cause seed abortion.


(57) Abstract: The multilayer film, N Further, the film is capable of further comprising an opaque property against moisture barrier properties and light, also withstand even abuse, it may be suitable for particular relatively heavy of certain packaging undeveloped photographic film roll. Preferred opaque multilayer film particularly suitable for packaging photosensitive products such as photographic film or paper, comprising an outer sealing layer, inner layer containing at least one carbon black, preferably two carbon black having an inner layer. By one or a plurality of carbon black in the interior layer is present, manufacturing equipment and on the packaging on equipment of the film, and the film of carbon black on the packaged products during can be prevented from rubbing falling from the film . Bag, case, and goods such as pouch can be made from the film.


Contractual Relationships 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is an alternative manufacturing technique that is based on producing a product layer by layer. This technique contrasts with traditional manufacturing techniques, such as milling, forging, and welding. 3D printing has received significant and growing attention in recent years by different countries. President Obama's 2013 State of the Union address (Gross 2013) is perhaps the most prominent one. In addition to the United States, other countries such as Japan, India, France, China, Netherlands and Belgium are investing in 3D printing. Furthermore, prominent manufacturers and manufacturing industries, that have historically utilized traditional manufacturing techniques, are also adopting 3D printing technology. General Electric and Disney are two major instances. Conner et al. (2014) propose a framework that attempts to understand where 3D printing is economically feasible. They explain that the key attributes of a product are its complexity, customizability, and production volume; they unify these three characteristics into a Modified Complexity Factor (MCF). They argue that 3D printing is likely to have a lower unit production cost than traditional manufacturing techniques if the MCF is high, which occurs with high complexity, and/or high customizability, and/or low production volume. Our research is motivated by the products where 3D printing can provide a more economical unit production cost than traditional manufacturing techniques. According to a Gartner poll, 65 percent of supply chain professionals aim to invest in 3D printing during the next five years (Alec 2016). Therefore, in our research we propose and analyze stylized game-theoretic models of a simple manufacturer-retailer supply chain for a single product, where 3D printing is available. We first consider the natural case where the manufacturer may purchase a 3D printer to supplement/replace traditional manufacturing techniques; we show that, if the acquisition cost of the 3D printer is below a threshold, the manufacturer is better off by purchasing the 3D printer. We also introduce a novel arrangement where the retailer may purchase the 3D printer,


Bismuth metal, upon activation by zinc fluoride, can effect the crossed aldol reaction between α-bromocarbonyl compounds and aldehydes in aqueous media. The reaction was found to be regiospecific and syn-diastereoselective.Key words: bismuth, zinc fluoride, aldol reaction, regioselectivity, aqueous media.


The design concept and system operation of an optical profilometer are discussed, and a preliminary evaluation of a breadboard system is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the optical profilometer technique. Measurement results are presented for several test surfaces; and to illustrate a typical application, results are shown for a cleft palate cast used by dental surgeons. Finally, recommendations are made for future development of the optical profilometer technique for specific engineering or scientific applications.


Wherever life flourishes, it leaves a calling card written in organic molecules—and researchers have spent decades hoping to uncover these telltale signatures on Mars. NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has now given those hopes a considerable boost after finding organic deposits trapped in exposed rocks that were formed roughly 3.5 billion years ago (Science 2018, DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9185). The rover's discovery at Gale Crater shows that organic molecules were present when that part of the red planet hosted a potentially habitable lake. It also proves that these traces can survive through the ages, ready to be discovered by robot explorers. "We started this search 40 years ago, and now we finally have a set of organic molecules that tells us this stuff is preserved near the surface," says Jennifer L. Eigenbrode of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, who led the study. Curiosity gathered mudstone samples and gradually heated them to 860 oC,


This study examined factors influencing students' decisions to study abroad and the perceived impact of such experiences. Findings identified intellectual and personal growth, career enhancement potential, ability to graduate on time, cost, and financial aid availability as the most important "program-related" considerations, and exposure to other cultures and desire to live independently as key "non-program" factors. Development of deeper intercultural understanding, sensitivity, global mindedness, interpersonal skills, and tolerance were the key learning. Factor analysis confirmed "Cultural Understanding and Personal Growth" and "Cultural Tolerance" as the top decision criteria. Statistically significant differences were observed with respect to study abroad locations.


The thesis firstly analyses main problems of decentralized construction and management,resources scattered distribution for Guangdong provincial water informatization resources integration and information sharing.According to principle of unification of planning,standards,development process and application,analysis about methods of resources integration and information sharing in promoting infrastructure,information resources and business application are made.The focus of the coming stage is put forward at last to intensify resources integration and information sharing power,and to expand its achievements.


Abstract We describe the case of a 24 year old man with metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumour who presented with hyperthyroidism and gynaecomastia associated with elevated human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG). Following a 3 month history of gynaecomastia, flank pain, nausea and 7kg weight loss, the patient attended the emergency department with persistent vomiting. Initial laboratory investigations reported TSH <0.05mU/L (normal range 0.3-4.3) and free T4 29.5pmol/L (12-22), TPO antibodies negative, FSH <1 and LH 1 U/l, testosterone >52 nmol/L (9-29.0), bioactive prolactin 1048mU/L (63-245), SHBG 110.6 nmol/l (18.3-54.1), and oestradiol 3935pmol/L (<223). Clinical examination revealed bilateral tender gynaecomastia and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Testicular examination identified a left testis irregularity that was confirmed on ultrasound. Chest Radiograph revealed multiple bilateral opacities measuring up to 6 cm. Initial urine HCG was negative when tested on two occasions; however given suspicion for a HCG-secreting tumour, serum HCG was measured and reported as 503,944 IU/ml (<5) and AFP 17.6 IU/ml (0-5.0). The negative urine HCG is believed to be due to "hook effect". CT revealed bulky retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy measuring 13 cm consistent with metastatic spread from the non-seminamatous germ cell tumour of testicular origin. Up front chemotherapy protocol with 4 cycles cisplatin based therapy was initiated given his disease burden and degree of symptoms. Radical orchidectomy was deferred until after chemotherapy - at which time germ cell tumour was only identified on immunohistochemistry staining. Over the 2 months following chemotherapy, all endocrinopathies resolved with corresponding reduction of HCG to 65.0 IU/ml. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism abated with treatment and his TFTs were biochemical normal. Oestrogen level also normalised with treatment. HCG-induced hyperthyroidism is a rare cause of hyperthyroidism. Endocrine manifestations occur in <5% germ cell tumour presentation but should be considered particularly when multiple endocrine abnormalities are present.


STEP is the standard about product data representation and exchanging planned by ISO. The paper introduced the process of building up STEP AP224 feature information model . On the basis of the feature model, we build up the multi-combined CAPP system to automatically implement the process planning. Through the method of interaction between man and machine .It meets the need of information integrating to CAD/CAPP/CAM and provides the condition to build up the AI CAPP system.


Human needs for water is increasing each years along with the increasing of population. Such increase is unfortunately not matched by the availability of water, especially in coastal areas, isolated areas and vulnerable water areas during the dry season. The government, through the Public Works Department, initiates a program called rural water supply system development (Rural SPAM) to fulfill the needs of water, especially for coastal areas, isolated areas and vulnerable water areas. SPAM rural program was carried out at the Sumberarum village, Moyudan district and Sleman Regency. This research focuess on the development process of water facilities, community participation and factors that influence such participation. The research showed that community involvement in the implementation SPAM programs is quite high. All stages of the development of water facilities based to Hofsteede partisipation theory found that the category of the partisipation is good (highest grade). Factors that influence the programs are the benefits of the program that fulfill the people needs of water. Further, such factors also works include: education, occupation and income levels of the people and the government intervention, program implementer and the program itself. This research concluded that rural SPAM programs need to be continued, especially for coastal areas, isolated areas and vulnerable water areas during the dry season.


Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPcCl) is a photoactive compound which has been used as a photosensitizer (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Its spectroscopic properties have been studied in solvents of different polarities (ethanol, acetone, dimethylsulfoxide and chloroform). Its solubility has been found to decrease with increasing solvent polarity, together with full self-aggregation in aqueous solution. The binding of AlPcCl to the copolymer PluronicTM micellar class P-123 and F-127 used as solubilizer/carriers was studied. Greater interaction between the more hydrophobic copolymer P-123 and AlPcCl was observed, besides a complex interaction profile involving different AlPcCl forms (self-aggregate/monomeric form) in the copolymers. Time- and temperature-dependent structural organization of AlPcCl in the copolymers was also observed. Thus, AlPcCl has a strong tendency to self-aggregate with increasing solvent polarity, an effect also observed in micellar media.


UBGVRI photometry for the open cluster NGC 2506 is presented. From comparison of the observed colour-magnitude diagrams with simulations based on stellar evolutionary models we derive in a self consistent way reddening, distance, and age of the cluster: E(B-V)=0-0.07, (m-M)o = 12.6, age = 1.5-2.2 Gyr. The cluster shows a well definite secondary sequence, suggesting that binary systems constitute about 20 % of the cluster members visible in the colour-magnitude diagram.


We propose a method of controlling a table tennis robot so as to return the incoming ball to a desired point on the table with specified flight duration. The proposed method consists of the following three input-output maps implemented by means of locally weighted regression: 1) a map for predicting the impact time of the ball hit by the paddle and the ball position and velocity at that moment according to input vectors describing the state of the incoming ball; 2) a map representing a change in ball velocities before and after impact; and 3) a map giving the relation between the ball velocity just after impact and the landing point and time of the returned ball. We also propose a feed-forward control scheme based on iterative learning control to accurately achieve the stroke movement of the paddle as determined by using these maps. Experimental results including rallies with a human opponent are also reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


This is a collection of the lecture notes of the three authors for a first-year graduate course on control system theory and design (ECE 515 , formerly ECE 415) at the ECE Department of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This is a fundamental course on the modern theory of dynamical systems and their control, and builds on a first-level course in control that emphasizes frequency-domain methods (such as the course ECE 486 , formerly ECE 386, at UIUC ). The emphasis in this graduate course is on state space techniques, and it encompasses modeling , analysis (of structural properties of systems, such as stability, controllability, and observability), synthesis (of observers/compensators and controllers) subject to design specifications, and optimization . Accordingly, this set of lecture notes is organized in four parts, with each part dealing with one of the issues identified above. Concentration is on linear systems , with nonlinear systems covered only in some specific contexts, such as stability and dynamic optimization. Both continuous-time and discrete-time systems are covered, with the former, however, in much greater depth than the latter.
The main objective of this course is to teach the student some fundamental principles within a solid conceptual framework, that will enable her/him to design feedback loops compatible with the information available on the "states" of the system to be controlled, and by taking into account considerations such as stability, performance, energy conservation, and even robustness. A second objective is to familiarize her/him with the available modern computational, simulation, and general software tools that facilitate the design of effective feedback loops


The cheeses with «denominacion de origen» (denomination of origin) «Roncal» and «Idiazabal» are made in the Autonomous Community of Navarra (Spain) from ewe's milk. The aim of this work is to begin to study the fungi flora present in these cheeses throughout the ripening process. The readings obtained are all below 1000 ufc/g in all samples. Nine different genera of mould have been identified: Penicillium, Cephalosporium, Asspergillus, Geotrichum, Pullularia, Mucor, Paecilomyces, Candida and Acremonium.


This article proposes a refined higher order nonlocal strain gradient theory for stresses and deflections of new model of functionally graded (FG) sandwich nanoplates resting on Pasternak elastic foundation. Material properties of the FG layers are supposed to vary continuously through-the-thickness according to a power function or a sigmoid function in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The face layers are made of FG material while the core layer is homogeneous and made of ceramic. In this study, an analytical approach is proposed using the higher-order shear deformation plate theory and nonlocal strain gradient theory with combination of various boundary conditions. Numerical outcomes are reported to display the impact of the material distribution, boundary conditions, elastic foundation parameters and the sandwich nanoplate geometry on the deflections and stresses of FG sandwich nanoplates. The exactness of this theory is determined by comparing it to other published outcomes.


The paper presents a determining and evaluating method from an experimental point of view of the partial discharges level from the insulation of the stator of a synchronous hydro-generator of high power that appear at different temperatures. The temperature is measured directly on the coil with placed thermo-resistant elements between the superior and inferior bars. Also, the level of partial discharges with the coil age in a cold state, at the temperature level of the surrounding environment from within the stator, but also in a warm state at different temperatures, is measured. Through this method there is created the possibility of highlighting some eventual degradations of the coil insulation of a hydro-generator.


"Israel must be liberated from the occupied territories just as France in the early 1960s had to be liberated from the yoke and burden of Algeria. Israel must be liberated from the territories…or it will perish"—Yeshayahu Leibowitz, Professor Emeritus of the Hebrew University


The utility model discloses a fog screen projecting system, module, projection module, control module, invisible light light source and image acquisition device take place including the fog screen, the module takes place and includes product fog unit, leads fog unit, drainage unit, goes out fog mouth, lateral wall for the fog screen, it includes water tank, the integrated atomization plate of ultrasonic wave to produce the fog unit, lead the fog unit including leading nebelwind machine, brattice fan, lead fog pipe, guide duct, guide duct symmetric distribution in the both sides of leading the fog pipe, it can whole co -rotating to lead fog pipe and guide duct, goes out the air velocity transducer that the setting of the fog mouth outside and control module are connected, air velocity transducer detects outside wind speed information, conveys to control module, and control module handles the wind speed data to the rotation angle of fog pipe and guide duct is led in control. According to wind speed information, lead the rotation angle of fog mouth and wind -guiding mouth through controller control, effectively compensated the shape influence factor of wind speed to the fog screen, improve fog screen display and shown the effect, be fit for using in the open air.


A number of methods of calculating reliability figures of merit for generating systems exist, but to date absolute comparisons of the accuracy of the various methods do not seem to have been made. Comparisons of some of these methods are made here, using a typical power system as a test system and results from a digital computer simulation as the basis for comparison. The paper also presents a modified calculation technique that is easy to apply and whose results closely approximate results obtained by system simulation.


A detailed study of the anomalies in the ferromagnetic properties of the RNi4Ga compounds with R = Sm, Gd and Tb. Heat capacity measurement of these samples also show anomalies at low temperatures in addition to the peak corresponding to TC. Other magnetic properties such as magnetisation, coercivity, magnetic anisotropy and magnetic domain walls of the samples were also studied.


loss on the under surface of the penis is also to be expected as the dorsal vein remains intact, having no connexion with the veins of the mediastinum below the urogenital diaphragm. The onset of the gangrene in published cases has been from 12 hours to 15 days, with a maximum occurring at 3 days in 10 out of 40 cases reported by Gibson. This rapid gangrene is comparable to that occurring in a flap of skin and subcutaneous tissue which has become infected and its limited vascular supply destroyed by thrombosis. Gangrene in these cases occurs with extreme rapidity and the loss may be complete in a few hours. Under these circumstances the testes can be expected to escape. Surgical Treatment.I. Allen, reporting cases in 1894, recommended complete castration. This is, of course, quite unnecessary. 2. Since then the usual treatment appears to have been multiple incisions until the slough has separated, with the adjuvant use of anti-gas-gangrene serum, zinc peroxide, etc., according to the views held as to the aetiology. 3. On the basis of the theory postulated in this paper, radical removal of all sloughing areas is advocated not only to save time but to rid the pal.ient of an area which is irretrievably lost. Excision also provides the freest possible drainage. Sulphonamides or penicillin would be useful adjuvants after the bacteriology had been determined. Repair would usually seem to be unnecessary. Mortality.-This in published cases varied between 22 per cent in 36 cases (Whiting, 1905) and in 145 cases (Coenen and Przedborski, I~II), to 31 per cent in 16 examples of this condition out of 147 cases of gangrene of the scrotum in the P'hiladelphia Hospital reported by Randall (1920). Death in most instances has been due to toxaemia. In a few, metatastic phenomena have developed. Bacteriology.-Gibson has collected 206 cases from the published reports, and these he divide!; into two categories : (I) Those with some coincident or antecedent lesion; and (2) Those in which no lesion can be discovered. In the first category are cases which cannot be considered as Fournier's gangrene. These include cases of inguinal adenitis, wounds, and obstruction. Of the second group, in 98 no cause was given as being responsible for the condition and 23 had minor conditions present, of which 11 had given rise to pruritus locally. Of those in group (z), 15 were due to hzemolytic streptococci, 3 to staphylococci, 6 to mixed streptococci and staphylococci, and I each to B. coli, B. fusiformis, and B. Welchii; 5 were infected by bacteria called by a nomenclature which is not standard. I t will thus be seen that the overwhelming number of cases in which the bacteriology has been determined are due either to streptococci or staphylococci or to the two together. Literature.-This has been well summarized by Randal (1920), Gibson (I930), and Browne and Smith (1939). The first two of these authors give a very full bibliography. Since then cases have been reported by Carver (I939), Howard (1940), Lamierre (1940), and Hunter (1930). Some of these papers are not at the moment obtainable.


The utility model discloses a model airplane engine test stand, in order to simultaneously measure rotary speed, thrust force, torque and fuel consumption rate of a model airplane engine and provide fine power test data for small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle research. The utility model is composed of a test stand base fixed on an elevating push vehicle, a suspending platform supported by four support levers and a force transmission shaft rooted on the suspending platform by a stop bearing, the pull (push) force and the torque of the engine can be measured by an electric measuring pull and press sensor and a torque sensor. The characteristics of the rotary speed, the pull (push) force, the torque and the fuel consumption rate of the model airplane engine in the range from an idle speed state to a maximum rotary speed state can be measured by driving for one time and combining with a photo tachometer to measure the engine rotary and a graduation oil tank to measure the engine fuel consumption rate.


This is the final installment of a four-part bibliography that covers North Carolina and United States archives and manuscript collections; personal papers of notable N.C. librarians and library educators; and sources on N.C. and U.S. librarians and library benefactors, public documents, and special collections and private libraries. Part I, which was published in the Spring 2004 issue of North Carolina Libraries, included sources of library history of N.C. public libraries in general, and histories of public libraries in Alamance through Guilford counties. Part II, which was published in the Summer 2004 issue, included the histories of public libraries in Halifax through Yadkin counties. Part III, which was published in the Fall 2004 issue, included sources of library history of N.C. colleges, universities, and community colleges, as well as general sources on N.C. and U.S. library history.


Cooking oil is a basic need for Indonesian people without exception for the people of 4 villages in Sungai Liuk. Cooking oil is widely used in Indonesian food. One of the brands of cooking oil that is widely consumed is Bimoli. In this study to see the effect of celebrity endorsement, brand image and brand trust on purchasing decisions using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 24. The results of this study show that celebrity endorse, brand image and brand trust partially and simultaneously have a significant and positive effect on purchasing decisions for Bimoli cooking oil among consumers in 4 villages in the Sungai Liuk region.


Although restorative justice in African states has gained a significant profile in responding to structural violence, Minorities and Indigenous Peoples (MIP) find themselves at the fringe of its practices. The mainstream practice in criminal justice systems represented here by ICC has also had its shortcomings in addressing issues of MIP. While proponents of MIP rights advocate for appropriate and restorative justice systems, it's important not to idealize them as they also come with a fair share of challenges. The main purpose of this article is to provide an insight into understanding the role Minority and indigenous peoples' rights play in articulating claims for transitional justice. The article also recognizes the fact that the use of both transitional non-judicial methods and criminal prosecutions can help to build peace based on the accommodation of diversity if appropriately employed. The material in this paper is intended to be selective and suggestive, but does not pretend to be complete or authoritative.