Pyrenophora graminea is the seed-borne pathogen causal agent of barley leaf stripe disease. In this work, we screened a collection of 206 spring two-row barley cultivars from Europe for their resistance to the fungal pathogen. Artificial inoculation with the highly virulent isolate Dg2 revealed a continuous variation for the incidence of infection, with few highly resistant or highly susceptible genotypes. On average, old cultivars showed higher resistance than the more modern ones. Genome-Wide Association Scan was performed by exploiting available molecular data for >4000 SNP markers and revealed a single, highly significant association on the short arm of chromosome 6H, in a genomic position where quantitative trait loci (QTL) for barley resistance to P. graminea were not detected before. Based on the last version of the reference barley genome, genes encoding for proteins with a kinase domain were suggested as candidates for the locus.


The research aims to analyze the effect of split squat jump practice and lateral jump practice on jump height and leg muscle power. Besides, it is to analyze the most influencing practice between split squat jump practice and lateral jump practice on jump height and led power muscle. The method used in the research is quantitative using the quasi-experimental method. The research design used is pretest and posttest which are divided into three groups, group I as split squat jump, group II as lateral jump, and control group. The data analysis is ANOVA. The data collection is done by testing jump height using vertical jump test and limb muscle power test using jump MD tool while pretest and posttest. The data is analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 series. The result of Paired sample T-test shows that each variable is obtained sig 0,000<0,05 from the jump height and paired sample T-test of limb muscle power. It indicates that there is a significant effect or differences of pretest and posttest from the dependent variable between jump height and limb muscle power. The ANOVA result of strength and limb muscle power shows the jump height, F: 3,874, sig 0,040, power F: 4,829, sig 0,017. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the result of jump height and limb muscle power in three different groups which is sig <0,05.


The accumulation of phenols in lesions h a s been shown to accompany injury by Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Chitwood g: Oteifa in roots of a number of plant species (1, 4, 6). T h e presence of these compounds is thought to influence the activity of nearby ceils in the root cortex and endodermis as well as to inhibi t nematode activity (6). Investigations into the physiology of nematode-infected plants have been directed almost exclusively toward the metabolic changes occurring in the infected root system. So far, little a t tent ion has been given to the metabolic changes occurring above the crown when nematodes are infecting roots. In this study, the possibility that altered phenol metabolism occurred in the leaves of tomato plants infected with P. penetrans was investigated. Toma to (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) culitvars used in this project were 'Manalucie', 'Rutgers' (suitable hosts of P. penetrans), and 'Valiant' (poor host of P. penetrans). Pratylenchus penetrans w a s cultured aseptically in alfalfa callus tissue grown ia nut r ient agar containing 2, 4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (5). Greenhouse-grown plants of each tomato cultivar were inoculated, after the appearance of the second set of true leaves, by pipett ing a suspension of nematodes into the root zone. Noninoculated plants served a s controls. Four grams fresh weight of leaf tissue were added to 200 ml of distilled water, boiled for 20 mln, and the suspension filtered through Wha tman No. 41 filter paper. Free phenols were extracted with 100 ml of ethyl acetate (reagent) by continuous shaking for 1 h. T h e water layer was then removed, acidified to p H 2.0 with ] N HC1,


Bristows LLP, 100 Victoria Embankment, London EC4Y 0DH, UK *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +44 (0)207 400 8425 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The legal regime relating to supplementary protection certificates (SPCs) [1] is itself a maze, but add to the labyrinth the 6‐month SPC extension provided for under the Pediatric Regulation [2] as a reward for pediatric research, and the complexi‐ ties multiply. Navigating this maze is of crucial importance to the pharmaceutical industry; indeed, the stakes are very high because of the significant value of the reward. This article discusses the complex interaction between the SPC Regulation and the Pediatric Regulation, which is illustrated by the recent case before the High Court of England and Wales regarding the 6‐month extension of the SPC for Pfiz‐ er's medicinal product atorvastatin [3]. The legal issues surrounding the pediatric extension are also discussed more broadly within the context of the maximization of IP/regulatory rights. These issues are highly topical; indeed, we can expect more litigation due to the uncertainties and complexities inherent in the law.


Abstract The aim was to determine the absence of gluten in pet food samples marked as 'grain-free' and 'gluten-free' diets, to assess the reliability of manufacturer labelling of such products. A total of 15 diets labelled as grain- or gluten-free and 2 commercial diets containing wheat were sampled. An analytical procedure using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with high power of resolution was developed and applied to determine specific markers of wheat gluten. The results are expressed as mg of wheat flour type '00' present in 1 g of feed. The quantification limit (LOQ) obtained in the flour for ion m/z 894.5043, z = 2, is 4 mg of flour per gram. In 14 out of the 15 samples from a grain- or gluten-free diet the quantifier ion signal was < LOQ, while in 1 out of the 15 samples 10 mg of flour/g feed were measured. Highlights Adverse reaction to gluten in dogs have been documented in certain breeds Gluten is tricky to detect and measure in pet food Contamination of gluten in pet food samples marked as 'grain-free' and 'gluten-free' diets An analytical procedure was developed using HPLC coupled with HRMS


This article reprints a paper presented at the Canadian Engineering Centennial Convention held in Montreal in May 1987 and reviews some of the major technological challenges and opportunities that Canadian marine engineers have faced in dealing with the operational environments confronting them--for example, with ice covered and Arctic waters. A number of uniquely Canadian projects are discussed and the major Canadian agencies involved in marine research are identified. After covering such matters as Arctic marine transportation, icebreaking vessels, fishing vessel design and the design of lakers, the authors conclude with a brief look at future research trends.


This research addresses the issue of energy retrofitting of 1970s social housing stock in northern Italy, still existing estates of multi-storey, concrete prefabricated developments, constructed in diverse Italian cities. The research identifies environmental advantages and limitations in the additional sunspace for the Italian climatic "zone E". Moving from knowledge gained through the analysis of existing examples of solar buildings developed under the U.P.S.E. European demonstration Project (1979-1983), the research explores technological aspects and amenity values of passive solar systems, paying particular attention to maintenance and management aspects which have resulted over time. The methodology framework is based on an analysis, consisting of in-situ fieldwork and thermal simulation of a case study building model, the Orbassano Solar Tower. Using the Energy Indexes reported in the official UPSE documentation, a performance reference level has been set as the basis for retrofitting analysis. Several alternative retrofitting solutions are evaluated and compared to cost effectiveness parameters.


Hopefully, this defect will be remedied in a later edition. This book can be recommended for readers whose background would enable them to read the more mathematical texts, both because of the many psychological examples and because of the wealth of material of general mathematical importance. The less advanced reader will find that it opens an area of mathematics with important applications in psychology.


Publicly traded companies distribute cash to shareholders either through dividends or through anonymous repurchases of the companies' own stock on the open market. Companies must announce a repurchase authorization but do not actually have to repurchase any stock, and until recently companies did not have to disclose whether or not they were in fact repurchasing any stock. Scholars and regulators noticed that companies frequently announced repurchases but then appeared not to complete them. They feared that such announcements might be used by insiders to exploit public investors. To reduce opportunities for exploitive behavior, the SEC required that companies disclose their repurchase activity in their quarterly filings beginning in January 2004. This Article tracks 365 repurchase programs announced in 2004 and finds that, since the SEC disclosure requirement went into effect, companies are more likely to complete their announced repurchases and do so within a shorter time period after the repurchase announcement. Michael Simkovic will be a professor at Seton Hall Law School starting in Fall 2010. He authored this article as a John M. Olin Fellow in Law and Economics at Harvard Law School. He thanks the School's John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business for its generous support. He also thanks his faculty advisor, Guhan Subramanian, for his guidance. Finally, he thanks his research assistants, Victoria Salisbury, Laura Dauban, Ian J. Pohl, Yifei Chen, Joshua Reilly, and Winnie Nip for their assistance gathering and coding data. The views expressed are those of Michael Simkovic and do not reflect the views of Harvard Law School, the Olin Center, or any other organization. Email: email@example.com. Mobile Phone: 516-423-9187. Effect of Mandatory Disclosure on Open-Market Stock Repurchases


This preview article introduces the second installment of a double special issue on "Sustainability as Megatrend" and presents a summary of the research. Connections are made with the first special issue published in September 2014, and the authors conclude with a special thank you to the authors, reviewers, and Editor-in-Chief for their roles in the preparation of the two special issues.


Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of electrical stunning duration on poultry breast meat postmortem biochemistry and texture. Broilers were stunned with 100 V AC for 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 s, killed by conventional neck cut, and bled for 180 s to determine percentage blood loss. Breast fillets were removed from the carcass immediately after picking or following 24 h of aging in an ice-water bath. R-values and pH were determined at both deboning times and Allo-Kramer shear values were recorded after holding the samples for 48 h at 2 C. Stunning durations of 10, 20 and 40 s resulted in lower (P < 0.05) blood losses than birds stunned for 0 or 5 s. Stunning inhibited postmortem glycolysis as indicated by higher (P < 0.05) pH values and lower R-values at 15 min postmortem, but not after 24 h. Stunning had no effect on Allo-Kramer shear values. Stunning durations from 5 to 40 s at 100 V AC had no significant effect on postmortem rigor development, or meat quality.


The web is a vast repository of information. Most of the information on the web is meant for human consumption. Extracting structured information from the web can enable several applications like advanced ranking, semantic search, etc. In this talk, we first list different types of content available on the web, survey known techniques for extracting information from them, present the architecture of Vertex information extraction system developed at Yahoo, and discuss in detail a new technique for information extraction leveraging content redundancy.


Nonspecific protection against infectious aerosols ofinfluenza A virus was obtained inSwissmiceafter vaccination byaerosols ofbacterial ribosomes together withmembranal glycoproteins extracted fromKlebsiella pneumoniae astheadjuvant. Itwas shownthatrepeated stimulant aerosols were necessaryto obtain this protection. Routine estimation ofserum interferon levels after administration oftheassociation ofribosomes plusmembranal glycoproteins tothe animals byaerosol or intravenous routeshowedthatthere was no correlation between protection andthepresenceofserum interferon. Itwas shownthatthe serum interferon-inducer activity was duetoribosomes. Noinduction ofserum interferon was obtained withmembranal glycoproteins usedseparately. Local liberation ofinterferon inthemucous membraneoftheupper respiratory tract was notinvestigated. Numerous studies havedemonstrated thevaccinating powerofbacterial ribosomes (R.Fontanges, D.Robert, Y.Content, andG.Nis, Arzeim. Forsch., inpress) against homologous infections; others haveemphasized theuniquely specific protective powerofthesepreparations (1, 6,27,40). However, these preparations may also haveanonspecific immunostimulant effect, aswehaveshownpreviously (12, 20,39). Inthis newstudy, itwassought todetermine theroleofseruminterferon intheprotection obtained fromacombination ofbacterial ribosomestogether withmembranal glycoproteins astheadjuvant against experimental infection withinfluenza A virus. Theseruminterferoninducing powerwasalso studied separately for ribosomes andformembranal glycoproteins.


ABSTRACT: This study assesses economic and environmental impacts of uses of woody draws, small natural drainage areas covered by trees and shrubs in agricultural landscapes. Three agricultural uses and four alternative uses are evaluated. A net present value approach is used to compare economic impacts of uses of draws and APEX is used to evaluate the interaction between a woody draw and the contributing upland area and simulate the environmental impacts of uses of draws in the field. The study shows that relative to agricultural uses, alternative uses of draws have significant environmental benefits in terms of reducing surface runoff and sediment and associated pollutants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticides. Agricultural uses of draws are not always the most profitable option. Certain alternatives, such as curly willow and the mixed buffer, are highly profitable. Agricultural landscapes could be differentially managed to achieve both economic variability and environmental benefits. Government support is necessary to promote alternative uses of woody draws. The support can be in the form of CRP payments or market development of buffer products. Farmers and resource managers can use study results to manage woody draws and evaluate the merits of alternative policies for managing woody draws.


We have observed various spectra of stimulated Raman scattering (STRS) in a-LiI03 crystal in different scattering geometries under irradiation of an electro-optically Q-switched second harmonic YAG laser. It is shown experimentally that more multi-mode lattice vibrations .can be excited by extra-ordinary incident photons than by ordi-nary ones. We have also observed the first and second order Stokes and anti-Stokes scat-tering lines of E1 mode, which are strong in intensity. The first, second and third order polariton Stokes and anti-Stokes lines are observed, as well as a new spectral line with a frequency shift of 496 cm-1 in anti-Stokes frequency region, which may be attributed to interactions among polaritons with various modes.
Fatigue phenomena of Raman activation for the crystal have also been indicated experimentally.


With the rapid development of China's real estate industry, customers demand for real estate products has changed from the satisfaction of one single criteria to a much more diverse and individualized developmental orientation. But the value evaluation for real estate products varies from person to person, which leads to different customer value. In our country, as one branch market of the real estate industry, the green real estate market should get a thoroughly understanding about the composition of customer value, identify the target customer demand, provide more innovative value for customers, inspire and guide the customer purchasing behavior. This paper, through an analysis of the composition and affected factors of the customer value in green real estate enterprise, aims to conclude the methods for the optimization and innovation of the customer value in green real estate enterprise.


Carpenter, Aaron, "The Advantage of Wealth: How partisan success is affected by rising income inequality in the United States" Abstract: After the end of the Second World War, the United States when through a period of great growth. As the economy grew, income inequality also grew within the country. Parallel to this, as income inequality increased, Republicans began to break the stronghold of Democratic congressional control. This begs the question, what happens to politics as income inequality increases in the United States? Can Republican success be explained by increased inequality? In order to answer this question, I theorize that income inequality increases the power of the Republican core support base, while it mitigates the power of the Democratic support base leading to better election results for Republicans. To test to see if income inequality actually increases the success of Republican candidates, I look at congressional districts from the years of 2006-2010 to see if Republicans do better in one election to the next in districts with high-income inequality. I find that Republicans do, in fact, do better in places with high income inequality but only about seven percent better, which is not a substantial amount. I conclude that income inequality might be a small explication to Republican success. Since the end of World War II, the United States has experienced phenomenal economic growth. However, it seems the wealth of such growth has not been shared equally across classes. According to McCarty, Poole, and Rosenthal (2006), a household within the 95th percentile of the income distribution had six times the income to someone 2 in the 25th percentile in 1967. In 2003, however, this number swelled to around eight times that amount (McCarty, Poole, and Rosenthal 2006). With rising income disparity, it is important to ask, how will increased income inequality affect politics or political institutions within the United States? When looking at American politics after World War II, another interesting phenomenon occurs almost parallel to the rising inequality within America. Since World War II, Democrats have had a stark advantage in winning seats in Congress. From 1945 (79th Congress) until today (114th Congress), Republicans have held control of both the show that the Gini index of family income within the United States has been rising since around 1969. Before 1969, the index shows much more variation. Democrats held a majority in Congress, uninterrupted from the 84th Congress all the way …


Article history: Received 13 March 2019 Received in revised form 20 July 2019 Accepted 20 July 2019 Continuous value delivery (CVD) is the practice to ensure the delivery of user and business value via a fast, reliable, and repeatable process. The change management lies at the core of CVD as the adjustments in value propositions often take place. Review meetings play an important role in change management because the review is a formal assessment with the intention of instituting change, if necessary. A thorough discussion of different agile methods in terms of review meetings as needed. Different papers were studied to extract the data regarding these meetings. It is observed that the sprint review meeting is important to the development team as it is an opportunity for the team to show its work explicitly and get appreciated. Development team spirits are increased by such environments. The sprint review establishes a firm level of sociable comparative competition between scrum teams that keeps everyone focused. It is actually equivalent to a user acceptance test. This paper discusses the importance of review meetings and their impact on CVD in well-known agile methods and using a structured review methodology. It evaluates the processes of review meetings such as planning, adaptability, integration in increment and reevaluation in wellknown agile methods in order to find their effectiveness towards achieving CVD. It is found that Scrumban when strengthened with the EVO's increment inspection process, can help in achieving CVD.


a multitude of uniform, unidentifiable houses, lined up inflexibly, at uniform distances, on uniform roads, in a treeless communal waste, inhabited by people of the same class, the same income, the same age group, witnessing the same television performances, eating the same tasteless pre-fabricated foods, from the same freezers, conforming in every outward and inward respect to a common mold, manufactured in the central metropolis. (Mumford, 1961, p. 486)


This research empirically analyzes, from an ecological perspective, whether socio-economic factors of the regions in which the elderly live have any actual influence on thoughts of suicide on the part of the elderly. Microscopic data either included outliers in part of the variables, including income and other variables of that type, from among source data from investigations into actual conditions of the elderly in 2014. Regarding macroscopic data, the indices that represent social and economic situations in each region, which were provided by KOSIS, were selected. Regarding the method of analysis, hierarchical or multi-level analysis models were applied by considering special hierarchical characteristics and heterogeneity at the personal and regional levels. The analyses showed that the following had statistically significant influences: 1. the cost-of-living index and the national basic supply and demand rate of the region; 2. the extent of natural disaster damage; and 3. the number of leisure and welfare facilities for the elderly, compared to the elderly population. Based on the results, proposals are made for systematic and practical endeavors in the community.


Wetting phenomena play important roles in several technological applications and in many physical and biological thin‐film phenomena, such as wetting, adhesion and friction. One of key issues of these studies is to control the surface energy (or wettability) dynamically for liquid transportation. We have developed a liquid crystal (LC) surface for use as a transport substrate since we expected that the surface energy of an LC surface can be controlled rapidly using an electric field. The rapid control of the polarisability (or wettability) of a liquid crystalline surface by an electric field has been demonstrated, together with the transportation of a liquid microdroplet.


This paper shows the tested in jaw crusher weight loss in plate due to impact, abrasive material and combination of both using stone. The wear rate is determined by weight reducing in the specimen of jaw plate. Total plate is running near about 5 months which wear more 40%. After testing it is found that wear in stationary jaw plate and moving jaw plate is different in wear. The stationary plate is more wear than moving plate. The different wear rate for stationary jaw plate and moving jaw plate is based on work hardening effect during running-in period and to the different wear micromechanism acting on the jaw surfaces.


Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is approved in the USA for the treatment of selected patients with acute ischaemic stroke within 3 hours of symptom onset. In Europe, rtPA was approved sub conditione in 2002 pending the results of a phase IV monitoring study, designed in order to demonstrate that efficacy and safety shown in clinical trials can be replicated in clinical practice in centres inexperienced in thrombolytic treatment. NINDS trial results show that rtPA prevents one death or dependency each 7 treated patients. In order to monitor the effects of treatment and the potential complications, a stroke team and a stroke unit are needed. The last Cochrane Library meta-analysis points out that thrombolytic therapy, administered within 6 hours of stroke, reduces death and dependency at 3 months. This effect seems to be present in spite of an increasing early and late fatality rate, mainly attributable to intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). But while rtPA use is associated with less damage and a greater benefit, "... the optimum criteria to identify the patients most likely to benefit, the latest time window, and the potential risk of prior aspirin use, increasing age, stroke severity, dose, and route of administration are not clear" (Davalos, 2005). Analysis of pooled data from the ATLANTIS, ECASS and NINDS trials demonstrated that the sooner rtPA is administered, the greater the benefit will be (greatest if treatment is started within 90 min.). Moreover, the results suggested a potential benefit beyond 3 hours with a slightly significant advantage until 4.5 hours (as the recent ECASS III trial outlooked). Beyond this interval of time, treatment was associated with increased mortality (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.02-2.07). The ICH rate is related to age and rtPA administration, but does not seem to be related either to interval between onset and treatment, or to stroke severity (NIHSS score). Therefore, the apparent reduction of benefit in the late time window does not seem to be the result of an increased ICH rate. Data from open use in routine clinical practice, after rtPA approval, suggest that a low platelet count and increased blood glucose values are risk factors for a symptomatic ICH. High blood glucose values seem to be crucial for the outcome of thrombolysed patients. Several authors and datasets have shown that increased blood glucose is related to a neurological worsening, or lack of improvement. The benefits of recanalisation are abolished in patients with blood glucose > 140 mg/dl before treatment. Conversely, there is no doubt that early hypodensity on CT predicts haemorrhagic transformation in patients treated with rtPA. Clinical trial findings show a 2-5 fold increase in symptomatic ICH risk. The risk is marked mainly when early ischaemic signs occur in more than 1/3 of the MCA territory. The ASPECTS method, a system evaluating 10 different areas in two examination planes of unenhanced brain CT, demonstrated that a score ≤ 7 correlates with a high rate of symptomatic ICH (14%) and a lower rate of clinical recovery (5%). However, the ASPECTS system has not been validated prospectively and clinical trials found that, within 3 hours of symptom onset, the benefit of rtPA over placebo is significant even in patients with early signs of infarction. Although the uncertainty remains, the general recommendation is: do not treat patients with clear hypodensity of ≥ 1/3 of MCA territory. Since 2003, rtPA has been widely used in Europe, even though the rate of treated patients is still low. Most treated patients were included and followed up in a prospective registry, designed to monitor the efficacy and safety of rtPA in comparison with randomised trial findings. Currently around 3,000 patients from more than 230 centres have been registered in SITS-MOST. About half of these patients were treated in hospitals without previous experience in the use of rtPA. Overall mortality (13%) and independence (52%) at 3 months were similar to RCT data and the symptomatic ICH rate


The environment quality is decided by the consumption of energy in some degree. In order to improve air quality, the energy structure must be optimized . In this research by the analysis of the situation of energy consumption structure and air environmental quality in Lanzhou city, several potential schemes to improve air environmental quality in energy structure and these environmental benefits were discussed.It was predicted that the air environmental quality of Lanzhou city can reach the national standard by functional region in 2005.


The article examines the problem of patriotic education of young people by means of such a type of artistic activity as vocal performance. The ideas of domestic teachers about the influence of artistic and musical activities on the formation of patriotic feelings of the younger generation are revealed. Such forms of patriotic education as festivals and competitions are considered. One of these contests is the festival "... We Can Serve Russia", which is traditional, and since 2021 is held on the basis of the All-Russian multifunctional civil-patriotic online platform "Living History". The results of the questionnaire survey of the participants of the festival, who expressed their opinions on its organization and possibilities in the matter of patriotic education of youth, are presented. Based on the responses to the questionnaire, it is concluded that young performers show interest in the patriotic song of the past and present. "Bottlenecks" are also revealed in the process of introducing the younger generation to the national song culture, in particular, insufficient knowledge of the history of the creation of songs taken by the performer into the repertoire, as well as about the work of famous performers of patriotic Soviet songs of the past, which poses a question for teachers, teachers of additional education more active introduction to the traditions and history of Russian song culture in the process of music lessons and extracurricular activities. Based on the answers of the festival participants, a conclusion is formulated that it is necessary to include a patriotic song in the repertoire of a pop singer, which makes it possible to represent the "living history" of our Fatherland through the song. The article is intended for higher school teachers, teachers of secondary vocational education institutions, teachers and school teachers who are interested in finding effective means of patriotic education of the younger generation.


Silicon photonics interposers enable low power, high bandwidth signal transfer between CMOS chips. Optical wave guides transfer the optical signal that carries the information. Optical modulator and detectors realize the optical to electrical signal transfer and vice versa. These components could be facing ESD stress during assembly. This work presents an in-depth study the self-protecting capabilities of these components and provides an ESD protection solution to increase the ESD robustness.


Nine documents from the Duke Papyrus Archive reveal much about the careers of two high-ranking officials and their activities in the Herakleopolite nome during the late second century B.C.: Ariston, ton proton philon, strategos, nomarches and epi ton prosodon, and Lochos, ton proton philon and possibly the well-known strategos of the Thebaid.


Despite extensive research on ICT integration among teachers, limited knowledge was given to understand the successful integration of ICT among teachers. For those purposes, a single-case study aimed to explain the successful integration of ICT by teachers into teaching in one national primary school in Malaysia. Data were collected using multi-method of data collection including in-depth interviews, non-participants observations, and document analysis. The results discovered three models that lead to teachers' successful ICT integration in teaching, explaining how the interactions between the contradictions, causes of contradictions, and resolutions of contradictions have hindered or influenced the teachers to integrate ICT in their teaching. The findings indicate the activity system of department and school (prior activities) influencing activity system of the classroom (recent activity), led to the successful integration of ICT by teachers in teaching.


The timing and process of exhumation of the subcontinental peridotites of the Gibraltar Arc (Ronda, Beni Bousera) have been discussed extensively over the last decades. In this work, we contribute to this debate through the first mapping, structural and petrological analyses, and SHRIMP U-Th-Pb dating of high-grade marbles that crop out around the Beni Bousera antiform of the Alpujarrides-Sebtides units of northern Rif (Morocco). These marbles, here termed the Beni Bousera marbles (BBMs), instead of being intercalations in the granulitic envelope (kinzigites) of the Beni Bousera peridotites, as previously described, form minor, dismembered units within a ∼30 to 300 m thick mylonitic contact between the kinzigites and the overlying gneisses of the Filali Unit (Filali–Beni Bousera Shear Zone, FBBSZ). They display silicate-rich dolomitic marbles, sandy-conglomeratic calcareous marbles and thinly bedded marble with interleaved biotite-rich schists. An unconformable contact, either of stratigraphic or tectonic origin, with the underlying kinzigites, is observed locally. Pebbles or detrital grains include K-feldspar, quartz, almandine garnet and zircon. Peak mineral assemblages consist of forsterite, Mg-Al-spinel, geikielite (MgTiO3), phlogopite and accessory zirconolite, baddeleyite and srilankite in dolomite marble, as well as K-feldspar, scapolite, diopside, titanite and accessory graphite and zircon in calcite marble. These assemblages characterize peak HT-LP metamorphic conditions close to 700–750 °C, ≤4.5 kbar. The FBBSZ includes minor ductile thrusts that determine kinzigite horses or slivers carried NW-ward over the marbles. Within the latter, NNE-trending folds are conspicuous. Brittle, northward-dipping normal faults crosscut the FBBSZ ductile structures. Detrital cores of zircon from the BBMs yield two U-Th-Pb age clusters of ∼270 Ma and ∼340 Ma, whereas their rims yield ∼21 Ma ages. Correlations with comparable settings in other West Mediterranean Alpine belts are discussed. The BBMs compare with the Triassic carbonates deposited over the crustal units of the Alpujarrides-Sebtides. The assumed Triassic protoliths may have been deposited onto the kinzigites or carried as extensional allochthons over a detachment in the Early Jurassic during the incipient formation of the Alboran Domain continental margin. Thus, it is concluded that the Beni Bousera mantle rocks were exhumed to a shallow depth during early rifting events responsible for the birth of the Maghrebian Tethys.


Abstract : A comparative study of polystyrene (PS) with bis(perfluorophenyl) azides 1-2 and the corresponding non-fluorinated bisazides 3-4 as deep-UV resists is reported. Inclusion of as low as 1.2 wt-% of 1 in PS led to 70% retention of film thickness after photolysis and development. PS containing 2.4 wt-% of 1 is > 100 times more sensitive as a deep-UV negative resist than PS itself. The presence of 1 in PS also increased the contrast of the resist. On a molar basis, 1 was about 10 times as effective as non-fluorinated bisazide 3 in cross-linking PS while 2 was about 6 times as effective as 4. PS containing 2.4 wt-% of 1 was found to have a deep-UV sensitivity of 5-10 mJ/sq cm and resolution of about 0.5 micrometer. Polymers, Deep-UV negative resists, Cross-linking.


The paper presents research results into quantities of branches and tree tops forming logging residues as well as the calorific value, moisture and ash contents of chips burned in a fluidal boiler. The results showed that logging residues make up 17% of the above ground tree biomass, which gives about 52.8 t/ha. The calorific value of the wood chips was 7.8 MJ/kg for fresh material, 12.9 MJ/kg for chips after 4 month storage time and 16.2 MJ/kg after storing the chips for 8 months. The ash from chips burned in a boiler with a fluidised bed contained 62% of silicon dioxide, resulting from the filling role of sand in the fluidal bed. The share of CaO was 6%, MgO – 2.8% and N2O – 0.4%.


The reflection properties of thin slabs based on artificial materials is studied. The slabs are assumed to have different values of permeability (mu) and permittivity (epsiv) in the x and y directions, and arbitrary variation in the z direction. Analytical formulas are developed for the design of anisotropic thin slabs including appropriate values for the spacer materials in between. It will be demonstrated that the thin slabs with anisotropic material is usable to control a frequency bandwidth and direction of reflected wave. To evaluate the analytical method, the numerical calculation by use of EM field simulation is carried out and the result is compared to the analytical result.


Background Significant morbidity and mortality are associated with poor asthma control. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with poor control and referral to specialist secondary care services. Methods We used primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum (CPRD) linked with Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) records from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2019. We selected patients aged 6–17 years old. Poor control was defined as six or more prescriptions of short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) inhalers, two or more courses of oral corticosteroids (OCS), an Asthma Control test (ACT) or childhood ACT <20, one hospital admission for asthma, or one visit to Accident & Emergency (A&E) department for asthma-related episodes in the 12 months following asthma diagnosis. Asthma severity was defined following GINA guidelines 2021. Results About 17.6% of children aged between 6 and 17 years with active asthma had poor control. Severe asthma, eczema, food allergies, increased BMI and living in deprived areas were identified as risk factors for poor control. Among those with poor control, referral rates to specialist care were extremely low, only 2% overall. Those with severe asthma were three-times more likely to be referred than those with mild-to-moderate asthma [HRcrude = 4.04 (95% CI, 3.35–4.87); HRadj = 2.72 (95% CI: 2.13–3.49)]. Other factors associated with referral were food allergy and living in a more deprived area. Conclusion Around 1 in 6 children and adolescents with active asthma are not achieving adequate control of their symptoms. Among the subset of 6–17-year olds with poorly controlled asthma, timely referral for specialist advice in secondary care is rare, especially in those with so-called mild asthma who nevertheless are at significant risk for poor asthma outcomes.


The study was conducted to establish the duplex Real-time PCR assay for detecting both duck tembusu virus(DTMUV)and duck plague virus(DPV).According to the sequences of DTMUV Egene and DPVUL6gene in GenBank, two sets of specific oligonucleotide primers for DTMUV and DPV along with two TaqMan probes were designed.The duplex Real-time PCR assay was developed through optimization of reaction conditions and validation of specificity,sensitivity and repetitiveness of the method.The sensitivity of the assay were both 100template copies for DTMUV and DPV.There was no specific bands of the same sizes were amplified from other duck pathogens,such as duck Newcastle disease virus,duck hepatitis virus,muscovy duck parvovirus,duck circovirus,H9subtype avian influenza virus,egg drop syndrome virus.This duplex Real-time RT-PCR assay is a sensitive,quick,specific and quantitative test for detection of DTMUV and DPV,and will be useful for the control of these viruses in ducks.


Members of the editorial board weigh in on new directions in the historical discipline, the 21st century journal landscape and Historia's place therein.


This paper is written for the purpose of enhancing the mutual understanding and learning among the four regions of Fujian,Taiwan,Hong Kong and Macao and for offering some valuable experiences for the optimization of the P.E.curriculum design in universities of Fujian Province.The authors have made a comparative analysis of curriculum objectives,curriculum design,credit arrangement and curriculum development for college P.E.in Fujian Province,Taiwan,Hong Kong and Macao by means of literature review,on-the-spot investigation,comparative analysis,case study and logical analysis.The conclusions are as follow:(1)in recent years,college P.E.in the four regions is intensified and the reformation of the P.E.curriculum is deepened;(2)judging by the formulation of the curriculum objectives,attention in the four regions is mainly focused on students,physical and psychological health and the learning of sports skills,but each with different characteristics and styles;(3)in curriculum design and credit requirement,there are concrete requirements for universities in Fujian Province and Taiwan,while universities in Hong Kong and Macao have made some alterations after their return to China;(4)in curriculum development,the courses are classified as ball games,body-building and dance,wushu,outdoor sports and civil sports in the four regions;(5)in curriculum developing items,the college curriculum in Fujian Province and Taiwan is rich and diversified,while the curriculum items developed in Hong Kong and Macao give prominence to the trait of social and regional culture.


good ceramic photochromic pigments were found,the best ones were determined by orthogonal design method,excellent pigments are more superior than origin ones,test the effect of the ceramic photochromic pigments in the glaze.


: Chemical compositions of fog and rain water were measured between July 2017 and 28 September 2018 at Sejila Mountain, Cl - > Na + > SO 42- > Mg 2+ > NH 4+ >K + > NO 3- whereas an order of Ca 2+ > Na + > Cl - > 34 Mg 2+ > SO 42- > NO 3- > K + > NH 4+ was observed for rain water. All ion concentrations 35 were higher in fog water than in rain water. Additionally, Ca 2+ was the dominant 36 cation in both fog and rain samples, accounting for more than half of all measured 37 cations. NH 4+ and SO 42- concentrations were notable for being higher in fog than rain 38 water when compared with other ions. For trace elements, Al, As, Mn and Se were the 39 most abundant elements in fog water; only Al and As were detected in rain water. 40 Seventy-two hour back-trajectory analysis showed that air masses during fog and/or 41 rain events mainly came from the south of Sejila Mountain. Spearman correlation 42 analysis and source contribution calculations indicated that both marine and terrestrial 43 sources contributed to the observed ion concentrations. Considering the higher 44 concentrations of NH 4+ and higher ratio of NH 4+ /NO 3- measured in fog than in rain, 45 we suggest that quantification of fog nitrogen deposition and its ecological effect in 46 this area should be given more attention.


Charities are often complex and networked, and face an increasingly demanding environment. Providing stakeholders with timely and adequate information on activities and impact is therefore challenging. Based on case studies of six UK charities, this paper finds that small/medium charities can use Enterprise Performance (EPM) systems to support providing such information, despite some challenges to their use of IT. There is an increasing awareness in charities of the importance of data, though technical aspects of data management are taxing for them. Compared to SMEs, charities share many of the challenges for IT-enhancement, but benefit from additional encouraging factors. EPM thinking, which is the ability to use an integrated and strategic approach to IT-support for EPM, is extant in charities' Leadership and Business Systems Thinking capabilities. Necessary capabilities related to IT sourcing are much weaker and need external support. The study identified two different approaches to data integration and business process modelling in EPM: the first focuses on standardising performance measures across activities and projects, the second on standardising reporting processes while allowing for diversity of measures. The use of BI is largely unsophisticated, though improving, and may need enhancing to address the increasingly complex internal and external need for information.


In this thesis we will see the difficulties of setting up a FAIR Data Point in LIACS within a relative short period of time. First of all, we will set up two softwares both published by the DTL FAIR Data team. The first one is called the FAIRifier, which is supposed to make raw data FAIR and to measure the FAIRness of data. The second software, the one on which the emphasis is in this article, is called the FAIR Data Point, abbreviated FDP. Secondly we will try to gain insight into the demand and acceptance of an FDP within the potential group of users. We will do so by conducting a survey among a select group of students.


NP-Complete (Non-deterministic Polynomial Complete) problem is a famous mathematical problem, here we choose the Hamiltonian Path problem as the sample of the NP-Complete problems and put forward a method to solve it using optical fibernetwork. Instead of finding the path itself, the point of our solution is proving whether there exists such a Hamiltonian path which can travel all of the cities only once. We use optical fiberas information carriers and whether the time delay of passing through the system is equal to the sum of each node decides the existence of the Hamiltonian path. Because light has advantages of high speed of travelling and massive parallelism, utilizing this method to solve the Hamiltonian Path problem is faster than other common algorithms.


The effect of soil naphthaline pollution on growth of maize seedlings was investigated in this paper.We found that the influence of soil naphthaline pollution stress on content of Chlorophyll was not obvious, but the negative influence on Chlorophyll b was stronger than on Chlorophyll a.The inhibition on photosynthetic rate by soil naphthaline pollution was much stronger than on the content of Chlorophyll.We found that both the upper and under-ground parts of maize plants were sensitive to soil naphthaline pollution.At a lower concentration(50 mg·kg-1), the pollution stimulated growth of both the above-ground plants and their roots, though this stimulating effect diminished and followed by inhibiting effect after a longer treatment.At higher concentrations(100~150 mg·kg-1), the soil naphthaline pollution still exhibited a stimulating effect on the growth and development of the maize seedlings in first week, but became inhibitory starting from the second week.When the concentration was above 200 mg·kg-1, the soil naphthaline pollution seriously restrained maize development, probably due to accumulating of a large amount of reactive oxygen and superoxide radicals.Reactive oxygen and superoxide radicals might damage the panniculus adiposus and proteases that were essential for normal metabolism.Thus, our results indicated that the second week was the key period for physiologic accommodation and adaptation of the maize seedlings to soil naphthaline pollution.


In this paper,we present a method for solving a class of singular second order two-point boundary value problems.First we apply Green's functions in special solution,simplifying the second order problems to the first order integral formulation,then we deal with its numerical solution by the compound trapezoidal formula.This method could be used in some linear and nonlinear problems,and we get their maximum absolute error estimates easily.


Providing an external inspection apparatus perimeter line for the weld. The apparatus comprises a radiation source (5) and the radiation detector (3). About two units may be controlled in the drive belt or track (7) moves, the drive belt or track (7) fitted around the perimeter of the weld. In order to align the source and the detector, the source and the detector relative to each other about the original position clockwise and counterclockwise movement, while the detected radiation at a plurality of sampling positions. Then determining the position of the maximum intensity of the detected radiation signals, the radiation source may be positioned such that the center point. Subsequently subjecting the source and the detector substantially aligned with each other and provided that the source and the detector move circumferentially around the weld seam while maintaining means substantially aligned.


This paper on the basis of fuzzy sets introduced by L.A Zadeh , we first gave  the definition of  - fuzzy set and then defined -fuzzy subgroups and - fuzzy normal subgroups and finally, defined quotient group of the - fuzzy cosets of an -fuzzy normal subgroup. This paper, we introduce the concepts of Q-fuzzy normal sub groups and Q-fuzzy cosets and discussed some of its properties.


: Medicinal plants serve as the therapeutic alternatives, safer choices or in some cases as the only effective treatment. In the present investigation, the serum collected from normal control mice (without treatment) administered with rheumatoid antigen was treated with agglutination reaction and it showed positive result. The butanol extracts of Capsicum annum treated mice suppressed swelling of the mice paws and the recovery effect was good compared to other extracts treated mice of Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens. The production of antinuclear antibody was reduced in C.annum treated animal compared to the C.frutescens treated animal. The butanol extract of Capsicum annum produced profound enhancement in the production of CRP. The extracts of hexane, ethanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Capsicum annum slightly enhanced the production of CRP of the mice. therapeutics effects


Thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems have presented an ongoing design issue in bids to improve the lifespan of coatings. A TBC can support an extended lifespan by repairing cracks between interfacial layers during high thermal exposure while at the same time increasing coating thickness. Two deposition techniques, atmospheric plasma spray and water-stabilized plasma spray (WSP), have been distinguished to understand mechanical and thermal performance based on their contrasting torch systems and microstructural characterization. This insight paper will underline the superiority of WSP coating and the need to leverage existing technology by optimizing better deposition parameters for future fatigue-resistant TBC production.


The title reaction proceeds under ambient temperature and low catalyst loading with excellent chemo- and site-selectivities for a broad substrate scope.


Abstract : A conference was organized that brought together 110 research scientists of diverse specialities to address a comprehensive review of the relationship of cybernetics to relevant disciplines, including biochemistry, physiology, chemistry and information sciences, and to relevant conceptual areas, including interactive training, organizational autonomy, and policy methodology. Additional keywords: Expert systems, and Decision making. (Author)


Rice blast disease is the most common disease in rice-growing areas in the world, and it is the most serious in India. Rice is threatened by a number of illnesses. For precise disease prevention and control, it is critical to establish rapid and accurate identification of rice plant illnesses. Many rice explosion organization methods necessitate the expertise of experienced agriculturalists. Keeping a watch on the farm for signs and symptoms of contamination takes a lot of time and work. To detect rice plant illnesses, current techniques investigation use snap shots or non-photo hyper spectral statistics, which necessitate human strategies to obtain the snap photos or data for evaluation. Rice blast detection is based on a non-photograph IoT sensor-based IoT infrastructure for soil cultivation. Unlike image-based fully plant disease detection systems, our agricultural sensors generate quasi information that can be routinely taught and analyzed by the AI mechanism in real time. This research proposes RBD-AIIoT method for detecting rice plant ailments that combines AI and IoT tools. RBD-AIIoT provides agriculture sensors generate non-image facts that AI can robotically analyses and study, unlike photo-based solutions for plant disease forecasting and also this proposed system sense Temperature, Humanity, Soil, Rain and Pressure of the environment to detect the rice blasts.


ABSTRACT This essay begins with the assumption that "allies" can be and do more than that which is normatively pre-determined by institutionalized definitions of "allies." As a result, this essay implicates ally subjectivity in relational terms. Specifically, we turn to developments in queer relationality to reconceptualize of "ally" beyond the narrow confines binaristic mimesis demands. We argue normative framings of "ally" as an exclusively cisheterosexual identity modifier effectively dismiss the ways intersecting oppressions function. In turn, we articulate "ally" as a praxis-oriented posture that desires critical cultural communicative means of belonging across intersections of difference. The result is a heuristic framework used to focus relational forces animating "allies" for their potential in enacting queer worlds in and through what we term "praxis-oriented ally subjectivity."


Homomorphic encryption (HE) has broad application prospects in the cloud computing security field. Efficient homomorphic computations of primitive circuits are critical for the applications of HE. However, existing implementation methods over plaintext do not fit well with those over ciphertext. To address this issue, a concise evaluation model is proposed to compare different implementation methods, using weighted computational complexity (WCC). The number, depth, and distribution of homomorphic multiplications are considered together in the model for the first time. In addition, two primitive binary circuits on homomorphically encrypted data are optimized by using a unit called dot multiplication (DotMC). A novel comparison circuit based on DotMC is presented, and the number of homomorphic multiplications is reduced from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${O}(n {\mathrm{ log}} ~n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${O}({n})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> without increasing the multiplicative depth compared with the logarithm comparison, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the bit length of the operand. The WCC of comparison is reduced from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${O}(n({\mathrm{ log}}~n)^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${O}({n}({\mathrm{ log}} ~{n}))$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The carry-lookahead adder is optimized by moving some DotMCs to levels with smaller weight, which reflects the effect of the distribution of homomorphic multiplications on performance. Finally, the proposed DotMC is accelerated with a single-instruction-multiple-data approach for even one operation; the number of homomorphic multiplication is reduced from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${O}({n})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${O}({\mathrm{ log}}~n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared with other comparison with the same strategy. Various circuits with the size from 4 to 2048 b are implemented with HElib to prove the optimization for comparison and addition, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed model.


Reperfusion after global brain ischemia results initially in a widespread suppression of protein synthesis in neurons, which persists in vulnerable neurons, that is caused by the inhibition of translation initiation as a result of the phosphorylation of the a-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2a). To identify kinases responsible for eIF2a phosphorylation [eIF2a(P)] during brain reperfusion, we induced ischemia by bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by post-ischemic assessment of brain eIF2a(P) in mice with homozygous functional knockouts in the genes encoding the heme-regulated eIF2a kinase (HRI), or the amino acidregulated eIF2a kinase (GCN2). A 10-fold increase in eIF2a(P) was observed in reperfused wild-type mice and in the HRI‐/‐ or GCN2‐/‐ mice. However, in all reperfused groups, the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum eIF2a kinase (PERK) exhibited an isoform mobility shift on SDS‐PAGE, consistent with the activation of the kinase. These data indicate that neither HRI nor GCN2 are required for the large increase in post-ischemic brain eIF2a(P), and in conjunction with our previous report that eIF2a(P) is produced in the brain of reperfused PKR‐/‐ mice, provides evidence that PERK is the kinase responsible for eIF2a phosphorylation in the early post-ischemic brain.


Large-scale field-programmable analog arrays (FPAA) have the potential to handle machine inference and learning applications with significantly low energy requirements, potentially alleviating the high cost of these processes today, even in cloud-based systems. FPAA devices enable embedded machine learning, one form of physical mixed-signal computing, enabling machine learning and inference on low-power embedded platforms, particularly edge platforms. This discussion reviews the current capabilities of large-scale field-programmable analog arrays (FPAA), as well as considering the future potential of these SoC FPAA devices, including questions that enable ubiquitous use of FPAA devices similar to FPGA devices. Today's FPAA devices include integrated analog and digital fabric, as well as specialized processors and infrastructure, becoming a platform of mixed-signal development and analog-enabled computing. We address and show that next-generation FPAAs can handle the required load of 10,000–10,000,000,000 PMAC, required for present and future large fielded applications, at orders of magnitude of lower energy levels than those expected by current technology, motivating the need to develop these new generations of FPAA devices.


Based on pickle beef with capsicum of Sichuan flavor,The test studied the processing technology and quality indicator of Soft-packing,and ensured the fundamental parameters of industrial production of pickle beef.Consequently, the technicalization and industrialization for pickle beef with capsicum of Sichuan flavor were preliminarily studied.It also can be a technical reference for the industrialized process of the similar Chinese cooked meats.


The world population is exploding and is estimated to reach 9.8 billion within the next 10 years (Gerland et al. 2014). Desire for more convenient lifestyles is not likely to be satisfied (United Nations 2009). Such lifestyles entail the unsustainable exploitation of water resources and the environment (Vitousek et al. 1997). Advanced technology and transportation systems have enabled the transfer of goods across the world and, eventually, also the water that is used to produce them. This means that luxurious lifestyles on one side of the planet can cause water and food scarcity on the other side (Hoekstra & Mekonnen 2012). We are also witnessing drastic global climate change: sea levels are rising, and droughts and floods have become more intense. These have exacerbated the global water and food crises (Vorosmarty et al. 2000; Hanjra & Qureshi 2010). Our generation's water challenge is no longer a local or isolated issue. It must be recognized, understood, and analyzed from a holistic and global perspective (Wagener et al. 2010). As such, the growing complexity of global water challenges requires better collection and analysis of ever increasing data with equipping …


INTRODUCTION Holocene earthquakes of magnitude >5 sometimes cause deformation in unlithified sediment, creating water escape structures, neptunian dikes, sedimentary breccias, recumbent folds, sand blows, ball-and-pillow structures, and convolute bedding (Tuttle and Seeber, 1991; Pope et al., 1997). These syndepositional and early postdepositional, seismically induced liquefaction features are known as "primary seismites." Primary seismites are sedimentary layers deformed in situ by a seismic event; secondary seismites are reworkings of older primary seismite deposits (Pope et al., 1997). Many of the same features diagnostic of primary seismites are, however, also produced by "soft sediment" deformation caused by slumping or loading of unlithified sediment (Mills, 1983). Deformed beds are obvious in the upper Fairview Formation (Upper Ordovician) near Maysville, Kentucky, and have been described by others (e.g., Pope et al., 1997). However, new exposures are now found in recent road cuts which have not yet been described. This paper describes these beds and compares them to descriptions of purported seismites of different ages and locations. These include locally common features such as ball-and-pillow beds, slumps, and convolute bedding, as well as rarer features including folded bedding, centimeterto meter-scale slides, and flame structures. This study investigated 1) relationships between lithologies and structures and 2) the possibility that these features are not seismites but are instead soft sediment deformation structures.


The aim of spatial sound or spatial audio is to reproduce the spatial information of sound, so as to recreate the desired spatial auditory events or perceptions. Recently, spatial sound becomes a hot topic in the fields of acoustics, signal processing, and communication. A series of spatial sound techniques have been developed and applied to a wide area of scientific research, engineering, and amusement. The history, principle, progress and applications of spatial sound technique are comprehensively reviewed in this article. Especially, spatial sound techniques based on different principles are united within the framework of spatial sampling and reconstruction theorem of sound field. The challenges and prospects of spatial sound are also addressed.


Diabetes affects a large and growing number of individuals in industrialized countries worldwide; in the USA, over 16 million people suffer from diabetes, and even more show clinical features associated with prediabetic states (1). Vascular diseases represent an important cause of the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes, and a very large body of experimental work has sought to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie this important pathophysiological process. One of the hallmarks of diabetic vascular disease is endothelial dysfunction, which may be functionally defined as the failure of the vascular endothelium to subserve its normal role in vasodilation and/or vascular homeostasis.


ZnO/ZnO @ carbon dot was hydrothermally synthesized and deposited on indium tin oxide coated glass substrate by doctor blade method for application as working electrode in dye sensitized solar cell. Environment friendly natural dye extracted from Lawsonia inermis leaves was used as photosensitizer to fabricate DSSC. Structural and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were studied by X-Ray, UV-Vis, FT-IR and PL spectroscopy. The photovoltaic properties of the cell have been studied and the best solar energy conversion efficiency was obtained.


Purpose: This research aims to provide knowledge about qawa'id al-fiqhiyyah Hambali sect thought and its application in sharia economic law seen of the four popular rules of jurisprudenceDesign/Method/Approach: This research is library research, using documentation data collection techniques, and data analysis using content analysisFindings: Results showed that qawaid fiqiyyah dissect Hambali's for bidden right speed before the time, over the main push of the lift, badal (substitute) is positioned mubdal (replaced), and the latter considered common practice, while rare, and there is no law to him. The fourth method is able to address the problem Kulli (general), and in particular the problems of legal jurisprudence of Islam among the modern economy, which in this case study can not be separated from AL Quran and Hadits.Originality/Values: The main contribution of this research is to fill the gap in how the implementation of qawa'id al-fiqhiyyah mazhab hambali in Islamic economic law.


Halolysins are Tat‐dependent extracellular subtilases of haloarchaea. Whether halolysins can be activated before transport across the cytoplasmic membrane in a folded state and how haloarchaea minimize the risk of intracellular activation of halolysins and proteolysis of cellular proteins are unknown. Here, we report that both the precursor and proform of halolysin SptA from Natrinema sp. J7‐2 mature autocatalytically, and the SptA maturation proceeds less efficiently in the presence of KCl than NaCl. When produced in Haloferax volcanii, most SptA molecules are secreted into the culture medium, but a small number of molecules can be activated intracellularly, affecting the cell's growth. Furthermore, retardation of SptA secretion in Hfx. volcanii via mutation of the Tat signal peptide leads to intracellular accumulation of the active enzyme and subsequent cell death. Although the Sec signal peptide can mediate SptA secretion in Hfx. volcanii, the secreted protein undergoes proteolysis. In Natrinema sp. J7‐2, SptA is secreted primarily during stationary phase, and the intracellular accumulation of mature enzyme occurs during the stationary and death phases. The growth phase‐dependent synthesis of SptA, highly efficient secretion system, and high intracellular KCl concentration, contribute to the suppression of premature activation of this enzyme in Natrinema sp. J7‐2.


Azithromycin is highly effective against trachoma, but the practical difficulties of community-wide distribution often leave many individuals untreated. We demonstrate, after mass azithromycin treatment of a population in Ethiopia, an indirect protective effect that occurred among untreated children who resided in villages in which most individuals had been treated. Similarities with the indirect protection within a treated community (i.e., "herd protection") that has been observed in vaccination programs are discussed.


COX‐1 and COX‐2 are membrane‐associated heme‐containing homodimers that generate prostaglandin H2 from arachidonic acid(AA) in the committed step of prostaglandin and thromboxane biogenesis and are the targets for nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Both isoforms behave as heterodimers during catalysis, exhibiting half‐of‐sites reactivity. To elucidate the atomic level interactions that are involved with binding and conformational positioning of substrates for catalysis, we determined the X‐ray crystal structures of AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1‐arachidonoylglycerol (1‐AG) bound to murine COX‐2 to 2.1–2.4Å resolution. AA, EPA, and 1‐AG bind in different conformations in each monomer constituting the homodimer in their respective structures, such that one monomer exhibits nonproductive binding and the other productive binding of the substrate in the cyclooxygenase active site. Comparison of COX crystal structures revealed the involvement of Leu‐531 in allowing for these novel substrate conformations in COX‐2, but mutagenesis of Leu‐531 did not result in a significant decrease in Vmax or Km, in contrast to similar studies with COX‐1. We conclude that the mobility of Leu‐531 increases the accessible volume at the opening of the cyclooxygenase active site, and contributes to the observed ability of COX‐2 to oxygenate a broader spectrum of substrates compared to COX‐1. This work was supported by NIH grant R01 GM077176 from the NIGMS and by an Arthritis Investigator Award from the Arthritis Foundation as part of the Segal Osteoarthritis Initiative.


Automobile transmission gearbox,one of the major components,which will inevitably bring about the vibration of automobile vehicle vibration and noise impacts on vehicle performance cars.Articles by heavy vehicle gear-box as the object of study,application of PRO/E software to establish the three-dimensional solid model box,and use the software ANSYS finite element model to establish box,complete box of finite element modal analysis.Analysis results can be generated to find a gear-box vibration sensitive parts and cabinet provide the basis for design of structural optimization.


Construction of hydropower project will cause variation of flow and sediment in downstream river channel,especially,the sediment retaining of hydropower project will break the balance of original relative balance of downstream rive channel.In order to adapt to new flow-sediment condition,the scouring and silting of rive channel will be adjusted,resulting in variation of downstream river regime and types,influencing the flood control and navigation of downstream river channel.We analyze the characteristics flow-sediment variation and scouring and silting of downstream river channel and the change of river regime and types after construction of typical hydropower projects at abroad.The analysis results show that the downstream river channel is generally scoured,and the variation of scouring and stilting downstream river channel and the change of river regime and type related with composition of river bank and bed,river plane form and reservoir operation mode etc.


The usage of a proper HR Information System (HRIS) has always been an important contribution for the HR (HR) operation in any organisation to work effectively. HR is one of the important functions of any industry. Hence it is important to keep this function equally efficient and effective compared to other operations in an organisation. One of the factors which contribute to the proper functioning of HR operation is data. Storing, analysing, processing and retrieving of data for decision making become necessary in this context. In the current study, the existing manual systems and processes in the HR department has been studied and observed. By studying the various processes with the help of tools like flow charts, use cases and data flow diagrams various parameters has been analysed. The HRIS has been designed using object oriented analysis and design methodology along with PHP version 5.0 for the front end and MySQL as backend database. Various forms like employee information, leave approval has been designed. Partial implementation of HRIS with Leave Management System as one of the modules has been carried out. Various reports like new and existing employees, leave pending/approval has been created. The HRIS has been implemented against the existing system on internal server with Windows operating system which reduced 49.24% of time compared to the existing system. The developed HRIS will help the organisation to effectively store employee data more securely and accurately. This study can be further extended in implementation of other modules of HRIS like recruitment, training and development, compensation, benefits and payroll.


Cast polyurethane (PU) elastomers have been widely used in dynamic applications, such as rollers and wheels, where a low heat buildup, high-loading resistance, and good cut-growth resistance are desired. Because of their different molecular structure, cast PU elastomers do not perform in the same way in highly demanding dynamic applications. Small variations in the viscoelastic properties can result in significant differences in the longevity of the wheels and rollers that are subjected to a large number of cyclic compressive deformations. Therefore, it is of great interest to understand dynamic performance of urethane elastomers based on various backbones. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is commonly used to differentiate the dynamic performance of elastomers, but it only provides characterization of the dynamic behavior of a given elastomer at small deformation in the linear viscoelastic regime, where information such as the heat buildup and load-bearing capability of elastomers cannot be obtained. As such, we developed a stress-controlled flexometer on the basis of the ISO4666/4 method that enabled measurement of the heat buildup and load-bearing capabilities of urethane elastomers in a large dynamic deformation environment. Moreover, a dynamometer was constructed to evaluate wheels based on different urethane elastomers under load at various speeds; this allowed close simulation of the urethane elastomers in a real application environment. In this article, the viscoelastic properties of cast urethane elastomers based on different backbones were studied by DMA. The heat buildup and load-bearing capabilities of the elastomers were investigated via the stress-controlled flexometer, and the performance of the wheels based on various prepolymer systems were evaluated with the dynamometer. Correlations between the material viscoelastic behavior and the heat buildup were established. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


The m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) oxidation of dihydrodioxins affords, in high yield, ethylene glycol dibenzoates, via unstable epoxy diethers. These elusive intermediates have been characterized chemically and by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. In contrast, the MCPBA oxidation of 2,3,5,6-tetraphenyl-p-dioxin fails to give the corresponding (Z)-stilbenediol dibenzoate but yields instead benzil


The utility model relates to a barcode scanning system comprising a handheld reader and a remote terminal, in particular to a handheld wireless barcode no-storage scanning system, which is characterized in that the handheld wireless barcode no-storage scanning system comprises a handheld reader, wherein the handheld reader is connected with an upper computer through a wireless mode, the handheld reader comprises a microprocessor, the microprocessor is respectively electrically connected with a barcode scanning module, a display screen with a Chinese character library and a wireless transceiver module, and the upper computer is a computer with the wireless transceiver module. The barcode scanning system comprises a handheld reader and a remote upper mechanism, because the handheld reader does not store any barcode information content in advance and the reading function of barcode content can be completed only by using a liquid crystal display module with the Chinese character library, providing an application project with lowest cost for a handheld wireless barcode reader.


Let r be a natural number. A subgroup H of a finite group G is called an I-minimal subgroup of G if there is a chain of subgroups 1 = H,I IfI 5 ..a I H, = H with each Hi is maximal in Hi+ ]. Naturally an r-minimal subgroup H of G can bt also an nj-minimal subgroup for m#r. In [l], N.S. Narasimha and W.E. Deskins said that a group G is a PN-r group if each r-minimal subgroup of G is normal. They showed that PN-r groups are solvable of fitting length at most r for 4'12 and 3. They also obtained results about PN-4 groups. Let G be a finite group of even order. Then by definition


Results of a previous comparison study [KUMA87] between a conventional transaction manager and an operating system (OS) transaction manager have indicated that the OS transaction manager incurs a severe performance penalty and appears to be feasible only in special circumstances. The present study considers two approaches for enhancing the OS transaction manager performance. The first strategy is to enhance OS performance by reducing the cost of lock acquisition and by compressing the log. The second strategy explores the possibility of still further improvements by using additional semantics. The results of this study show that the OS will have to implement essentially all of the special ized tactics for transaction management that are currently used by a database manage ment system (DBMS) in order to match DBMS performance.


BACKGROUND & AIMS
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the key transcriptional regulator during adaptation to hypoxia. Recent studies provide evidence for HIF-1 activation during bacterial infections. However, molecular details of how bacteria activate HIF-1 remain unclear. Here, we pursued the role of bacterial siderophores in HIF-1 activation during infection with Enterobacteriaceae.

METHODS
In vivo, HIF-1 activation and HIF-1-dependent gene induction in Peyer's patches were analyzed after orogastric infection with Yersinia enterocolitica. The course of an orogastric Y enterocolitica infection was determined using mice with a deletion of HIF-1alpha in the intestine. In vitro, the mechanism of HIF-1 activation was analyzed in infections with Y enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica subsp enterica, and Enterobacter aerogenes.

RESULTS
Infection of mice with Y enterocolitica led to functional activation of HIF-1 in Peyer's patches. Because mice with deletion of HIF-1alpha in the intestinal epithelium showed a significantly higher susceptibility to orogastric Y enterocolitica infections, bacterial HIF-1 activation appears to represent a host defense mechanism. Additional studies with Y enterocolitica, S enterica subsp enterica, or E aerogenes, and, moreover, application of their siderophores (yersiniabactin, salmochelin, aerobactin) caused a robust, dose-dependent HIF-1 response in human epithelia and endothelia, independent of cellular hypoxia. HIF-1 activation occurs most likely because of inhibition of prolylhydroxylase activity and is abolished upon infection with siderophore uptake deficient bacteria.

CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, this study reveals what we believe to be a previously unrecognized role of bacterial siderophores for hypoxia-independent activation of HIF-1 during infection with human pathogenic bacteria.


Research from the early days of Russian democratization has suggested that political tolerance among the mass public was in terribly short sup ply Several questions remain, however. Has intolerance persisted since the late 1980s and early 1990s? Further, how intolerant are the Russians when compared with the mass publics of other Central and Eastern Eu ropean democratizing countries; how intolerant are the Russians when compared with Western Europeans and Americans? Most importantly, is Russian intolerance likely to become pernicious? That is, does it have the attributes that make it likely to result in political repression? I answer these questions by theoretically specifying and investigating empirically four attributes of Russian public opinion that presage whether political consequences are likely to flow from political intolerance. My overriding conclusion is that Russian intolerance has several traits that may indeed make it pernicious, especially for unpopular political minorities.


Abrupt attacks of neurologic deficit, lasting a few seconds or minutes and sometimes recurring many times daily, are a relatively infrequent but wellrecognized feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and often the cause of relevant disturbing and suffering (1, 2). Paroxysmal symptoms are often treated by antiepileptic drugs such as carbamezapine and phenytoin and diazepam. Nevertheless, these medications may not be effective or tolerated because of their adverse effects (3, 4). We investigated the potential role of a well-tolerated antiepileptic drug; gabapentin in the treatment of paroxysmal syndromes secondary to MS in an prospective, open-labeled study. Twenty-five patients (14 women and 11 men) with clinically definite MS and refractory paroxysmal symptoms including paresthetic or dysesthetic symptoms (12), trigeminal neuralgia (six), painful tonic spasms (six) and episodic itching (one) were evaluated. The average age was 39.4 years (range 26–49). The mean duration of disease process was 9,2 years (range 4–12). Paroxysmal attacks had been present from 1 to 6 years (mean 3.6 years) and were resistant to treatment with a variety of drugs. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year after initiation of treatment with gabapentin. Pain level and frequency of attacks were assessed by the same examining physician at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months according to three-point scale, as follows: 0: No pain, no attack. 1: Mild pain or discomfort. Does not seriously interfere with facial or other movements and is restricted to a limited area, present only during waking hours, and lasts for a limited time. 2: Intermediate pain or discomfort. In trigeminal neuralgia, pain is easily evoked by facial movements or light touch and spreads to more than one division. In paroxysmal symptoms, duration, frequency, and degree of discomfort moderately interferes with daily activities. 3: Severe pain. In trigeminal neuralgia, significantly interferes with eating or speaking and is severe enough to awaken the individual; intensity or frequency of symptoms seriously limits normal daily activity. Gabapentin (300 mg) was administrated in increasing doses until the patients obtained a satisfactory response, but not over 1600 mg/day in four administrations and no concomitant medications were needed during the study. The differences of score were analyzed using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. On follow-up 6 months later, the effect of gabapentin on paroxysmal symptoms was maintained. Daily oral dose of (600–1600 mg) gabapentin in divided doses provided a consistent amelioration of symptoms (seven patients at 600 mg/day, seven patients at 900 mg/day, 10 patients at 1200 mg/day, and one patient at 1600 mg/day). No patients withdrew


The invention discloses a right-angle turning mechanism of a conveyer belt. The right-angle turning mechanism comprises a first conveyer belt and a second conveyer belt which are crossed in a right angle, wherein a rack is arranged at the crossed part of the first conveyer belt and the second conveyer belt; a roller set is arranged on the rack; the rolling direction of the roller set is the same as the conveying direction of the first conveyer belt; the roller set is arranged on the rack in a hoisting manner; a transferring belt is arranged between adjacent rollers; the conveying direction of the transferring belt is the same as the conveying direction of the second conveyer belt; the transferring belt is driven by a belt wheel arranged in the rack; the transferring belt is lower than the roller set when being initially set; a product enters the roller set from the first conveyer belt and then the roller set descends so that the transferring belt is higher than the roller set; the product is conveyed to the second conveyer belt along the transferring belt. By the aid of the right-angle turning mechanism, automatic right-angle line switching of the product can be realized or the right-angle line switching is realized after the product is automatically arrayed, so that manual line switching is replaced; the labor intensity of workers can be alleviated and the automatic line connection production can be realized.


The purposes of this study are: 1) To analyze the influence of learning achievement of computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation partially to the work readiness. 2) To study the influence of learning achievement computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation simultaneously to the work readiness. The samples in this study were the students of class XII Accounting skill program of SMK Negeri 1 Suboh Situbondo which amounted to 55 people. This research includes the type of explanatory research. Independent variables of this study are learning achievement of computer accounting subject (PB), career guidance (BK) and work motivation (MK) while dependent variable is work readiness (KK). Data analysis used is test of validity and reliability, multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test and hypothesis test. Regression analysis results obtained equation of regression line. This can be seen from the linear regression equation as follows KK = 20,774 + 0,505 PB + 0,344 BK + 0,283 MK. The equation indicates that readiness of work influenced by learning achievement of computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation. The conclusions are: 1) learning achievement of computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation partially significant effect on the work readiness of class XII students accounting skill program in SMK Negeri 1 Suboh Situbondo. 2). Learning achievement of computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation simultaneously have a significant effect on the work readiness of class XII students accounting skill program at SMK Negeri 1 Suboh Situbondo.


Textural information can efficiently describe the content of a remote sensing image. In this paper we present the characterization of textures via a conditional probability model for the magnitudes of the wavelet coefficients. We select the optimal model complexity using the Bayesian formalism. The order of the model and the associated model parameters can be used for texture segmentation and classification, or as an index in an image database for content-based retrieval.


For researching the roles and characteristic of the staple yarn hairiness,based on the test of fiber length distribution,the density function of the fiber length distribution is got with nonparametric kernel estimation method,and the array of fibers in the yarn is simulated by Monte-Carlo method,and the density function of hairiness length distribution on the surface of yarn is analyzed and carried out.Using these results,based on setting the parameters related to hairiness quantity and length,the hairiness of the cotton ring spun yarn is simulated by geometric probability method.The result shows that the simulation data are in accordance with the experimental data.


CFD technology is applied to simulate the separation process of gas-liquid in a new gas-liquid cyclone separator designed.The results showed that gas-liquid material moves along spiral lines and rapidly separates each other under the centrifugal force,gravity and buoyancy after entering the cyclone separator from the oblique entry.There is a "U" shaped transition zone of the density field and the distributions of volume fractions of gas and liquid on the axis plane of the cyclone.The simulation results indicate that the liquid phase medium can be well separated from natural gas by the newly designed column gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone.


The paper presents a methodological system for working with professional foreign language texts. The system includes the objectives, the principles for selecting the content, the sequence for using active teaching methods, and a special diagnostic toolkit. The results of initial testing of the proposed methodological system confirm its developmental effect


Clustering of Random data is one of the essential task in data mining. Uptill now most of the research is done on methods which deals with clustering of certain data. Clustering is nothing but grouping data objects. Data objects in one clusters are same where as data object in different clusters are not. Less research is done on methods that can be used for clustering of random data. Random data is data which is unstructured or data which does not have any proper arrangement. Today, there is huge amount of data available but to mine useful information from such data is difficult task. This paper dicuss some algorithm which can be used for clustering of Random data. Keywords— Uncertain data, Probabilistic Clustering, Partitioning method.


Using the EPR spin trapping technique, we prove that simultaneous reactions take place in illuminated suspensions of TiO_2 in aqueous carbonate solutions (pH ≈ 7). The adsorbed HCO_3^− is reduced to formate as directly made evident by the detection of formate radicals (˙CO_2^−). In addition, the amount of OH˙ radicals from the photo-oxidation of water shows a linear dependence on the concentration of bicarbonate, indicating that electron scavenging by HCO_3^− increases the lifetime of holes. In a weakly alkaline medium, photo-oxidation of HCO_3^−/CO_3^2− to ˙CO_3^− interferes with the oxidation of water. A comparative analysis of different TiO_2 samples shows that formation of ˙CO_2^− is influenced by factors related to the nature of the surface, once expected surface area effects are accounted for. Modification of the TiO_2 surface with noble metal nanoparticles does not have unequivocal benefits: the overall activity improves with Pd and Rh but not with Ru, which favours HCO_3^− photo-oxidation even at pH = 7. In general, identification of radical intermediates of oxidation and reduction reactions can provide useful mechanistic information that may be used in the development of photocatalytic systems for the reduction of CO_2 also stored in the form of carbonates.


A platoon of Oompa-Loompas from Harrogate's Army Foundation College won two prizes at the dragon boat races held on the River Ouse in York on Sunday.


This study investigates the relation between static and dynamic discomfort glare, as experienced by drivers, in a laboratory experiment with a panel of 32 participants. It provides a model to estimate an overall glare level from successive static glare levels. This model integrates a temporal decay of the glare level memory.


This article analyzes the determinant attributes valued by the retail consumer of construction materials in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, using a survey with 450 consumers from two large retail networks of construction materials in three Brazilian cities testing two hypotheses regarding the differences in attributes valued by the consumes when choosing a point of sale. The Correspondence Analysis (CA) was used to examine relationships of the valued attributes from one city to another. The results showed that there are 45 determinant attributes valued by the consumer, classified into 9 categories (relationship, service, convenience, pricing policy, point of sale, product, services, promotion and brand). The categorization proved to that some categories, for example, convenience, have different meanings in cities with different profiles. Other attributes appreciated by customers were product variety, location of store, personalized service, price, quality of products, and store image. The results of the study contribute to the field by enhancing knowledge of determinant attributes valued in construction materials retail, helping store managers to shape their marketing strategies.


masses in the tonsils caused more suffering than perhaps any other one thing connected with the pharynx. A positive indication of trouble in the tonsil was indicated by a red ring around the tonsil involving the anterior pillar. His plan was to open the crypts, and to use chromic acid or a strong solution of nitrate of silver (4ogrs. to 8ogrs. to oz.), or with the galvano-cautery he would operate upon two or three crypts at a time, laying the crypt open and healing from the bottom.


Strategies that seek to enhance musculoskeletal tissue regeneration and repair by modulating the biologic microenvironment at the site of injury have considerable therapeutic potential. Current and emerging biologic approaches include the use of growth factors, platelet-rich plasma, stem cell therapy, and scaffolds. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons hosted a research symposium in November 2015 to review the current state-of-the-art biologic treatments of articular cartilage, muscle, tendon, and bone injuries and identify knowledge gaps related to these emerging treatments. This review outlines the findings of the symposium and summarizes the consensus reached on how best to advance research on biologic treatment of orthopaedic injuries. Biologic approaches to the treatment of orthopaedic injuries aim to optimize clinical outcomes by improving musculoskeletal tissue healing. Despite considerable research effort,1,2 biologic approaches have not yet achieved a sufficient evidence base to warrant widespread clinical application. In 2015, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) held a symposium to identify knowledge gaps related to biologic treatment of orthopaedic injury (BTOI) and to establish some consensus on how future research might be best directed. The experts who participated in the symposium were in universal agreement that the most effective way to achieve meaningful translation of therapies into clinical practice is to use a systematic translational approach based on sound scientific evidence and greater integration between investigators, regulators, and industry. Consensus was reached in the areas of working with regulatory bodies and industry, the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cell therapy, augmentation of soft-tissue healing, and the use of scaffolds. The symposium participants identified fundamental changes in approach that will be necessary to expedite clinical translation of biologic therapies and recommended a framework for future research. Systematic Approach to Research Researchers have initiated .500 clinical trials evaluating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and .180 trials evaluating PRP (see clinicaltrials.gov) in a wide range of applications, demonstrating widespread interest in the advancement of biologic treatment approaches. However, many of these studies were initiated without sufficient understanding of the disease process being targeted or even of the attributes of the biologic therapy being evaluated. Hurried translation of new therapies Robert F. LaPrade, MD, PhD


The specific interest in soil survey in Switzerland began in the early 1950s in connection with academic training and teaching in agricultural chemistry at the Department of Agriculture of the Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich. It also originated from the agronomic research performed in various Experimental Stations and Schools of Agriculture. No soil survey as such had previously been carried out in Switzerland.


Language samples (picture description) produced by moderately dysarthric speakers with ALS were compared with those of gender- and age-matched controls. Results indicated that dysarthric speakers p...


Though widely and justly praised by reviewers and critics as a major film by a major new director, The Deer Hunter has suffered a good deal of criticism, particularly from intellectuals and ideologues of the left. Because the agrarian war scenes image the Vietnamese as violent, desperate guerillas, noticeably lacking in sweetness and light, the film has been called "racist." And because Michael (the Deer Hunter) Vronsky and his American compatriots are not overtly condemned as brutal or despicable, the film has been called "politically naive," "fascist," "pro-American." This intellectualist/ideological criticism merely illustrates that the knee jerk is quicker than the eye and will get in the way of open, valid perception every time. A close look at The Deer Hunter reveals it to be extremely sensitive to the problem of Vietnamese identity and acutely aware of the irreparable damage the Vietnam war has done to the people of Vietnam, Moreover, the film as a whole, viewed with even a modicum of sensitivity to narrative and cinematic value, makes inescapably clear that Michael is not a "hero" in any other than a stereotypical and self-destructive sense. Though it does so with empathy (one of the many qualities that differentiate art from political harangue), the film reveals without compromise the spiritual bankruptcy attendant upon Michael's actions. The morality of The Deer Hunter is not one of invective or belittlement; it's one of process, consequence, "poetic justice." The characters get precisely what their actions merit, and what they get is the full and final measure of the morality of their actions- and of a world that dictates those actions.1 Vietnam, Imperialism, and "Ethnocide" From its opening scene- the deafening assault of a tanker-truck on the movie frame, then on the sleeping town of Clairton- The Deer Hunter embraces as its principal topic invasion and the consequences of invasion. In particular, it focusses on imperialism and the rootlessness, alienation, and identity-loss that imperialism inevitably promotes. The title of the film establishes this focus with great subtlety. By alluding to James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Deerslayer and to the Indian hero of that novel, the film includes within its moral scope the first American victim of invasion and imperialism: the American Indian. More precisely, it makes the American Indian conspicuous by his absence from the film's action- thus drawing attention to the obliteration of the Indian and his culture at the hands of invasive, imperialist white society. The radical divorce between the American present and the Indian pasthence the inevitable rootlessness of contemporaryAmericais made explicit the one time Indians are even so much as mentioned in the movie: when Michael refers unfeelingly to sun dogs as "an old Indian thing."2 Within the contemporary American world, the problems of imperialism and rootlessness are most clearly illuminated through the ethnic heritage of the main characters. As Ukrainians, they are doubly uprooted. Not only have their land, language, and culture been imperialized by the Russians; but they have been forced to abandon their homeland for the identity-dissolving melting pot of the United States. Moreover, their patriotism as Americans makes them resolute enemies of the Soviet Union- which may satisfy their urge for vengeance against their former oppressors but which, paradoxically, makes them enemies of a homeland that now lies within the Soviet Union. The destruction of Ukrainian identity within Clairton is imaged principally through the church where Stevie and Angela are married- and from which Nicky is eventually buried. On the one hand, the church is set up as the repository of Ukrainian ritual and tradition- the closest thing to an ethnic center in the town. On the other hand, it's named Russian rather than Ukrainian Orthodox, and both its rituals and its pastor are blatantly irrelevant to the lives of the main characters. …


Highlight Rice exposed to a toxic cadmium concentration recovers from toxicity symptoms after supplementation of the medium with silicon, and transcript levels of marker genes are readjusted to that in unstressed conditions.