We introduce a novel, two-mass system that slides up an inclined plane while its center of mass moves down. The system consists of two identical masses connected by an ideal string symmetrically placed over a corner-shaped support. This system is similar to a double-cone that rolls up an inclined set of V-shaped rails. We find the double-cone's motion easy to demonstrate but difficult to analyze. Our example here is more straightforward to follow, and the experimental observations are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.


There are quite a lot of problems faced by this nation in creating a just legal system regarding minor crimes (tipiring), this is because a legal system adopted by Indonesia today is a Dutch colonial heritage that is not in accordance with Indonesian cultural values, not to mention the problems The current legal system is based on the origin of written legality which is very rigid, causing the values that live in society to be increasingly eroded. For this reason, there is a need for a policy in criminal law reform in the future that is fair and Indonesian, so that the use of criminal sanctions is more appropriate and efficient in tackling crime.


Background: Katphala bark of Myrica nagi Hook.f.non-Thumb. is a potent drug used in Indian system of medicine at many therapeutic conditions. As the tree is grown only at northern parts of India, market sample found adulterated with many other bark samples. Hence standard authentication features are found necessary for proper identification of the raw drug. Materials and methods: Bark sample collected from Shimla, cleaned properly and authenticated. Macro-microscopic study, physico-chemical standards and preliminary phytochemical study of test drug carried out as per standard methodology. Results: Longitudinally and transversely fissured, rough bark piece were the naked eye observations made from the raw drug. Multi layered cork with a wide zone of secondary cortex are found as two distinct characteristics in TS bark. Polygonal parenchymatous cells filled with tannin, and stone cells in secondary cortex region and phloem in the inner bark region are other diagnostic microscopic features. Physico-chemical standards measured in this test can be used as measure of purity of this drug. Alcoholic extract of bark sample has shown the presence of alkaloids, protein, phenol and tannin as secondary moieties.


Objective: To investigate nurses' mental experience during group emergency care.Methods: It was a qualitative study using the phenomenological method.9 nurses who took part in the group emergency care were interviewed.Results: Five themes regarding mental reaction were identified: nervousness and fear,grief,responsibility and anger,uncontrollability,post-traumatic stress reaction.The cope method was looking for effective release and evade ways.Conclusion: It is important to provide psychological guidance to nurses during group emergency care.Managers should prepare enough materials.


The aim was to study the prevalence, documentation, and patient involvement in treatment limitations (TLs) in two Swedish intensive care units (ICUs). All patients admitted to the ICUs of two Swedish regional hospitals in 2019 were screened for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included postanesthesia care <24 h. Patients were identified using the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR) and data were extracted from SIR and hospital charts. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic analysis was performed to investigate associations with the presence of TLs. A total of 3090 patients were admitted to the two ICUs in 2019. After exclusion, 1019 patients were included in the study. 45.5% were women and the mean age was 62.9 years. 26.5% of the patients had one or several TLs. Age (OR 1.04 per one year increase 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.05), SAPS3‐score (OR 1.08 per one unit increase 95% CI 1.06–1.09) and ICU length of stay (OR 1.11 per one day increase 95% CI 1.05–1.17) were independently associated with an increased likelihood of receiving a TL. 17% of the patients were involved in the decision‐making process and in >30% of cases neither the patient nor next‐of‐kin were informed. Women were to a larger extent involved in the decision process than men (24.5 vs. 12.5% p < .05). When the intensivist documented why a TL was established, patient autonomy was four times more commonly stated as the motivation for the TL among women compared to men (15.5% vs. 3.8% p < .05). TLs were common in two Swedish ICUs but a substantial number of patients and next‐of‐kin were not involved in the decision‐making process or informed of the decision. Women were more often than men engaged in the decision to establish a TL.


Starting from analysis of human being's living conditions and the nature of iearning and various learning theories, this article concludes that learning is the integrity of all the activities in which human beings link up the internal and external world. The integrity consisting of two linking-up processes: external to internal and vice versa. The former shows that learning is diligence, comprehension and accumulation. The latter reflects that learning is problem discovery, mental thinking and ideological materialization process, which is the nature and complete connotations of learning.


The Tiwag – Tiroler Wasserkraft AG – is replacing the entire fall to the powerhouse at the Kaunertal power station, which has been in operation for about 50 years, in 2012 to 2015. The new facilities are being constructed entirely underground in unusually difficult geology for high‐pressure systems. Works to construct the 4,000 m of tunnels and shafts started in March 2012 and were completed by the middle of June 2013. Part of the construction work is based on the proven NATM and part is based on the modern technology of mechanised tunnelling. After the completion of the caverns, the core of the new system, the 1,430 m long penstock, will be lined with thick‐walled steel armouring and backfilled with concrete.


Effective algorithms of physical media numerical modeling problems' solution are discussed. The computation rate of such problems is limited by memory bandwidth if implemented with traditional algorithms. The numerical solution of the wave equation is considered. A finite difference scheme with a cross stencil and a high order of approximation is used. The DiamondTorre algorithm is constructed, with regard to the specifics of the GPGPU's (general purpose graphical processing unit) memory hierarchy and parallelism. The advantages of these algorithms are a high level of data localization, as well as the property of asynchrony, which allows one to effectively utilize all levels of GPGPU parallelism. The computational intensity of the algorithm is greater than the one for the best traditional algorithms with stepwise synchronization. As a consequence, it becomes possible to overcome the above-mentioned limitation. The algorithm is implemented with CUDA. For the scheme with the second order of approximation, the calculation performance of 50 billion cells per second is achieved. This exceeds the result of the best traditional algorithm by a factor of five.


There is no doubt that partnering between the various disciplines of a manufacturing organization contributes to improving competitiveness. Why not consider customers themselves as key partners? Would we not be more successful if we integrated into our activities the voice of our customers: their needs, their satisfaction level on current products, in one word, their feedback? The purpose of this paper is to share with you the approach of the French Manufacturing Operation of Hewlett-Packard, where a Customer Focus Systems model aims at integrating the customer's voice into the various activities of the organization. We will see how collecting their needs allows us to better plan or adapt products and services, how tracking their satisfaction level helps us validate the work done, and finally how taking into account their complaints or defect reports leads us to more accurate product and process improvements. We will look into some examples of feedback channels and highlight the benefits of using the outputs to reassemble the various partners around a common goal: to satisfy our customers.


This paper deals with the problem of active uncertainty attenuation control for the electric power stage in Fuel Cell Supercapacitor (FC-SC) hybrid electric vehicles subject to components uncertainties and load variations. A composite control strategy is adopted to estimate and compensate the mismatched lumped disturbances via a nonlinear disturbance observer. An active uncertainty attenuation controller is constructed by means of the backstepping recursive design method combined with Lyapunov stability theory to control the DC bus voltage. The rigorous stability analysis and numerical simulation results demonstrate that the DC bus voltage can track its desired value in a satisfactory precision and will perform a strong robustness against the involved parameters variations.


Abstract Near infrared dust extinction mapping is opening a new window on molecular cloud research. Applying a straightforward technique to near infrared large scale data of nearby molecular complexes one can easily construct density maps with dynamic ranges in column density covering, 3σ~ 0.5 < AV< 50 mag or 1021<N<1023 cm−2. These maps are unique in capturing the low column density distribution of gas in molecular cloud complexes, where most of the mass resides, and at the same time allow the identification of dense cores (n~104cm−3) which are the precursors of stars. For example, the application of this technique to the nearby Pipe Nebula complex revealed the presence of 159 dense cores (the largest sample of such object in one single complex) whose mass spectrum presents the first robust evidence for a departure from a single power-law. The form of this mass function is surprisingly similar in shape to the stellar IMF but scaled to a higher mass by a factor of about 3. This suggests that the distribution of stellar birth masses (IMF) is the direct product of the dense core mass function and a uniform star formation efficiency of 30%±10%, and that the stellar IMF may already be fixed during or before the earliest stages of core evolution. We are now extending this technique to extra-galactic mapping of Giant molecular Clouds (GMCs), and although a much less straightforward task, preliminary results indicate that the GMC mass spectrum in M83 and Centaurus A is a power-law characterized by α~−2 unlike CO results which suggest α~−1.


The following important reference was omitted from this article. [4] Long G J, Hautot D, Grandjean F, Isnard O and Miraglia S 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Matter. 202 100


There has been an increasing attempt on the part of investigators to explore changes in the relative distribution of metabolites in the cells of different zones of the shoot apex during onto geny and to correlate the results with anatomical and histological changes. Sharma et al. (1986) suggested the importance of histochemical analysis of zonation studying the shoot apical organization in Acacia. The shoot apex showed different zonation patterns with histochemical and normal anatomical stains. The data on distribution patterns of RNA, DNA, total pro teins and insoluble polysaccharides in different zones of the shoot apex from embryonal to fl owering stages in Raphanus sativus Linn. are reported here.


The widening gap between classes has led to an increasing consumer division among different social classes which has also been reflected in sports consumption. Based on this,the paper analyzes the different sports consumption characteristics of different classes from the perspective of consumer economics,with the result indicating that upper classes pay more attention to the identity of sports consumption its social interaction value. Middle classes pay more attention to the experiences of sports consumption and its value on entertainment. Lower classes focus more on the practicality of sports consumption and its value on physical fitness. This also requires market organizations to develop participatory,material and spectator- sports consumption based on the different sports consumption characteristics of different classes.


This special issue results from procedures developed during an Austrian nationwide workshop " What knowledge for development? Transdisciplinary approaches to global change " on January 13, 2012 in Graz, Austria[1]. The meeting comprised three tracks[2] which are all reflected by this present special issue of METJ: 1. Presentation of the new multicultural and developmental Master's curriculum " Global Studies " (GS) to the Austrian public; its main course is attended by 200 students annually. Statements and standpoints of student representatives, the historical founder of the initiatives, of members of the curricula commission and cooperating institutes drew a picture of genesis and aims of this initiative that addresses the complexities of cultural diversity and embarks on inclusive education for peaceful and sustainable management of global change. The motto of Global Studies is: " pedagogy of equity in discourse ". 2. Presentation of the completed pan-Austrian project on " network of developmental research " (EnFoNet[3]) designed to map the hundreds of actors in diverse institutions with a target to foster their collaboration across multiple cultures of scientific, political and practical emphases. This study has used guided interviews, statistical analyses of publications and answers to questionnaires to draw a landscape of well-structured " knowledge alliances " , interwoven into the social fabric of universities, institutions and transnational communities tackling the most significant socioeconomic challenges of this decade. 3. Presentation of concrete multicultural and educational projects and public pre-review discussion of submissions to METJ. The first " Global Studies " alumni and elected student representatives reflected targets of the curriculum and day-today practice with a view to future improvements of this unique Master's program that might serve as a template for similar worldwide initiatives. The concrete formation of " knowledge alliances " for the target of inclusive education in a Viennese, Serbian and Turkish school proved the enormous potential of addressing exclusion and inequality through inclusion and pedagogic innovation. In the articles in this special issue, Lena Bader and Victoria Zotter analyse managed learning environments meeting the learning styles of the first multiethnic and multidisciplinary cohort of GS students; Andreas Novy studies the socio-cultural impact of international education on understanding multicultural behaviour in the context of teacher-learner equity. Rosa Enn inquires how autochthonous learners may collaborate more effectively across ethnic, cultural and linguistic lines to secure their human rights and develop economically, socially and environmentally compatible living in a multilingual environment; Salifu Mahama Kantafe …


High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used for skin tightening. However, there is a rising concern of irreversible adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate the depth of thermal injury zone after HIFU energy passes through different condition.


For the high resolution radar (HRR), the problem of detecting the extended target is considered in this paper. Based on a single observation, a new two-step detection based on sparse representation (TSDSR) method is proposed to detect the extended target in the presence of Gaussian noise with unknown covariance. In the new method, the Sinc dictionary is introduced to sparsely represent the high resolution range profile (HRRP). Meanwhile, adaptive subspace pursuit (ASP) is presented to recover the HRRP embedded in the Gaussian noise and estimate the noise covariance matrix. Based on the Sinc dictionary and the estimated noise covariance matrix, one step subspace detector (OSSD) for the first-order Gaussian (FOG) model without secondary data is adopted to realise the extended target detection. Finally, the proposed TSDSR method is applied to raw HRR data. Experimental results demonstrate that HRRPs of different targets can be sparsely represented very well with the Sinc dictionary. Moreover, the new method can estimate the noise power with tiny errors and have a good detection performance.


Abrahams, I., Reiss, M. J., and Sharpe, R. M. (2013). The assessment of practical work in school science. Studies in Science Education, 49(2), 209–251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057267.2013.858496

When the above article was first published online, the penultimate sentence of the abstract read as follows:

Countries vary greatly in the extent to which they employ what we term 'direct a of practical skills' or 'indirect assessment of practical skills'.

This sentence should read:

Countries vary greatly in the extent to which they employ what we term 'Direct Assessment of Practical Skills' (DAPS) or 'Indirect Assessment of Practical Skills' (IAPS).

Taylor & Francis apologises for this error.


This is Article 1 of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizenship, which was written by the French women's rights activist Olympe de Gouges in 1791, and was one of the reasons for driving her to the guillotine, where she was killed. The struggle for gender equality had started long before Olympe de Gouges's Declaration, and continued after it. It knew milestones and witnessed many successes and achievements, as well as many failures and frustrations until women attained what they have obtained so far.


Many tropical sugarcane clones (Saccharum spp. hybrids) are unavailable for hybridization because of poor flowering. Methods are required to improve the flowering of such clones. This study was conducted to determine whether far-red radiation (> 700 nm) at endofday would improve flowering. Three treatments in a photoperiod facility (PPF) were compared to an external control (EC) under natural photoperiod. A basic treatment known as modified Florida (MF) was used in all PPF treatments and served as the internal control. This was altered to provide a far-red (FR) treatment, by addition of either 5 or 10 min of far-red radiation at end-of-day, and a day interrupt (DI) treatment, by imposition of 2 hr of darkness in mid afternoon. Percent flowering as harvested panicles was 21.0, 24.2, 24.6, and 9.5 for FR, DI, MF, and EC, respectively. Total flowering was 23.4, 28.9, 27.0, and 10.7, respectively. The PPF treatments did not differ significantly for either measure. All were highly significantly greater than EC. The far-red treatments did not differ for harvested panicles. Treatments differed significantly for time of flowering. The flowering sequence was EC, MF, FR, and then DI. There were significant differences among clones in all treatments for emergence day, initiation day, elapsed days, and pollen test. Correlations among these measures were varied, with some being significant. Far red at end-of-day neither stimulated nor inhibited flowering in the PPF treatments. The FR and DI treatments delayed emergence of flowering. Flowering is essential for the production of new improved clones of sugarcane. However, numerous clones desirable as parents either fail to flower or flower so sparsely or late in the season that they cannot be used for breeding. Methods are needed to increase and accelerate the flowering of such clones. The physiology, control, and manipulation of sugarcane flowering have been reviewed by Moore (1985, 1987) and Moore and Nuss (1987). Sugarcane flowering is a day length, or photoperiod, dependent response occurring naturally under the gradually shortening day lengths of autumn. Inductive photoperiods are longest for Saccharum spontaneum and shortest for S. officinarum. Commercial these two species. They are induced photoperiods ranging from 12 hr 48 min to induced at the shorter day lengths often temperatures which occur in late autumn. can be used to create shorter days earlier in the year to advance the flowering of normally late or sparse flowering clones. Research on many species has demonstrated that plants may recognize photoperiod through ratios of alternate forms of the light absorbing pigment phytochrome. Each form has a specific wave length absorption maximum and a specific physiological activity. In a simplified version, phytochrome is postulated to influence flowering as follows. Under high daylight intensities, there is an abundance of red light (660 nm). This is absorbed by the red-absorbing phytochrome (Pr) which is converted to the far-red absorbing form (Pfr). The latter is inhibitory to flowering of short day plants (SDP) and stimulatory to flowering of long day plants (LDP). Far red radiation (730 nm) or darkness converts Pfr back to Pr to cause short SDP flowering. Sugarcane behaves as a SDP in this respect. clones are complex hybrids of to flower by intermediate 12 hr 12 min. Clones that are are inhibited by cooler night Photoperiod facilities (PPF) Borthwick et a1. (1952) hypothesized that a drop in Pfr concentration should promote SDP flowering. They reported that 30 min of far-red (FR) light at the beginning of the dark period shortened the dark requirement for flowering of Xanthium (a SDP) by about 2 hr. Red (R) light lengthened the dark period requirement by about 30 min. Flowering of seedlings of the SDP Pharbitis nil was inhibited by endof-day FR. It was promoted by R previous to a 16 hr inductive dark period (Nakayama et a1., 1960). There was no response to end-of-day FR or R in older plants. King (1974) confirmed these results and showed that FR near the end-of day shortened the critical night, provided the night was preceded by 5 min of R. However , FR lengthened the critical dark period when it was given 9 hr before the onset of 5 min R, followed by darkness. Heide et al. (1986) showed the response of Pharbitis to FR preceding an inductive dark period varied with a 12 hr rhythmicity. The strongest promotion of flowering was when FR followed by 5 min R was near the dark period. In summary, FR could supplement the critical dark period and increase the flowering of Pharbitis but not in the direct method suggested by Borthwick et al. (1952). Stage of plant development and precision of timing due to a rhythmic sensitivity are apparently crucial. Williams and Morgan (1979) found that end-of-day FR promoted flowering of sorghum, another SDP, without the requirement for 5 min R. The response was common to all cultivars tested. The role of phytochrome in the flowering of sugarcane is not clear. Julien and Soopramanien (1975) used pure light sources of R and FR. They showed that all stages of panicle development from induction to initiation of the spiklet primordia gave expected short-day responses to light interruption of the night. Red light was inhibitory to flowering. Far-red light alone was the same as darkness but could not reverse the inhibitory effect of R. These authors did not test the of-day FR on flowering. Coleman (1960) reported the work of Burr that FR at end-of-day was inhibitory to flowering. However, control data were not given and the light spectra of the FR source was not measured. The FR was obtained by cellophane filtration of incandescent light. Undoubtedly, it contained significant amounts of R which would have been inhibitory. Coleman (1963) concluded that FR during the dark period does not inhibit floral induction but R does. Furthermore, FR did not reverse the effect of R as was reported for several other SDP. Chang (1986) attempted to use FR, R, or both at end-of-day and endof-night to promote flowering of reluctant-flowering clones. He reported that a mixture of FR and R at both ends of the dark period promoted flowering. Spectral data presented showed that the R source contained 50% FR. The treatments should have been nearly the same as FR alone. They were not. The role of phytochrome and the response of many physiological and developmental processes to FR and R is well established. These include flowering, seed germination, cold hardening, etiolation, and gibberellin responsiveness. The conflicting reports of FR and R on flowering may result from species or cultivar differences. They may also result from poor experimental methods such as using light mixtures and variable stages of floral development. Reinvestigation of the effects of FR light is desirable. This may resolve these problems and develop a practical way to increase flowering of reluctantflowering sugarcane clones. In this report we compare the effect of FR MATERIALS AND METHODS Research was conducted at Meringa in the photoperiod facility (PPF). The PPF consists of three chambers each 3 m wide x 15 m deep x 8 m high. Each chamber accommodates a train of four trolleys. Each trolley held 32 53 L black polythene pots in a sheet steel tray 120 mm high that maintained a water table 100 mm deep. The ratio of incandescent to fluorescent light wattage was adjusted to approximately 40:60. This was to achieve a balance between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400 750 nm) and FR/NIR radiation (750 1500 nm). The wattage ratio used was close to the ideal of 30:70. The other major variation was in the configuration of the trolleys in the externally parked position. Previously, the three trains had been parked adjacent to each other on parallel N-S tracks. Immediately before the commencement of the PPF treatments for this research, the configuration was altered so the trolleys were offset when parked externally. All trolleys in each train then received full exposure to the sun from sunrise to sunset. The FR treatments applied to plants in one chamber were compared to treatments in the other two chambers as (EC). The conditions given plants in variations in photoperiod regimes. general modified Florida (MF) photoperiod regime treatment served as the internal PPF control. provided specific conditions for the FR and treatments (Table 1). The DI treatment was suggested as a possible cheaper alternative to FR radiation by Dr L.T. Evans (Division Plant Industry, CSIRO, Canberra). The FR radiation was provided by luminaries of a design by W.A. Bailey (Downs and Hellmers, 1975). The design was expanded to allow treatment of a single PPF trolley of 1.95 m x 3.48 m as a unit. Three well as an external control all chambers were identical except All PPF treatments received a (Table 1). The MF Additional treatments the day interrupt (DI) luminaries were used. Each was a box of aluminium sides and ends of dimensions 660 mm high x 1300 mm wide x 2500 mm long. The top of the box was closed with a lid of aluminium and wood construction that served as a plenum. The exterior aluminium surface supported two high volume centrifugal fans for cooling. Seventy two 150 W incandescent lamps were suspended from the internal plywood surface of the lid in a 6 x 12 pattern at 200 mm spacing in both horizontal dimensions. The bottom of the luminary consisted of a 10 mm perspex sheet sealed into the aluminimum housing. This seal was watertight to allow the use of water as a filter to remove long wave (> 1000 nm) radiation. Westlake FRF 700 filter sheets (Westlake Plastic Co. Lenni, Pennsylvania) 3.2 mm thick were fixed 25 mm below the perspex bottom. The luminary construction was light proof so no unfiltered light escaped. The luminaries were suspended from industrial scaffolding above the trolley track into one chamber of the PPF. The bottom of the luminaries was 3.54 m above the pot surface. At the commencement of


This study aims to evaluate the optimum duration of flushing dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) dental polyclinics for removal of heterotrophic bacteria. Water samples were obtained from triple air syringes at each dental chair from oral surgery clinic, outpatient clinic and polyclinic 17 at Faculty of Dentistry, USIM after 16 and 64 hours of not operating the dental units as baseline samples. This is followed by sampling after continuous flushing at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes of flushing duration. The levels of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) for each flushing duration were determined by quantification of colony forming units (CFUs) after cultivation of samples on plate count agar (PCA), R2A agar and 5% sheep blood agar (SBA). Statistically, there was no significant reduction in CFUs of HPC for all flushing duration compared to baseline (P > 0.05) with the most notable HPC reducing level after 1 minute and 3 minutes of flushing DUWLs. However, HPC level at USIM dental clinics is still exceeding the recommendation by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which should be less than 500 CFU/mL. The existing method of controlling DUWLs contamination in USIM dental clinics is only by flushing DUWLs 1 minute every morning prior to dental treatment as recommended by Malaysian Dental Council (MDC) without the use of chemical germicides. Thus, the flushing method alone is not reliable to reduce the number of microorganisms in the DUWLs.


The diseases and disorders associated with excessive alcohol consumption impact every developmental state and stage of life. The promiscuous pharmacology of alcohol (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) contributes to its broad effects on every organ system in the body (for review see [1]). The brain, however, is a particular target of its detrimental effects, whether exposure is from an individual's consumption of alcoholic beverages or via exposure in the womb, as is the case in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Alcohol, as a small, lipid soluble agent distributes widely across the body and crosses the blood brain barrier to cause brain alcohol levels similar to that in the blood [2]. Although it has relatively low potency, alcohol has a wealth of direct and indirect effects on neurotransmitter and cell signaling systems [3]. As such, alcohol exposure impacts multiple aspects of neural plasticity from the level of the synapse through to the various forms of structural plasticity. This special issue on Alcohol and Neural Plasticity provides new discoveries on various derangements in the different aspects of plasticity by alcohol as well as timely, insightful reviews. The loss of control over alcohol intake concurrent with excessive consumption of alcohol are hallmarks of an alcohol use disorder (AUD), commonly referred


One of the important extensions of SVM is TWSVM which uses two hyperplanes to classify two classes of data. Since one hyperplane cannot efficiently model one class of data so the better choice is employing one hypersphere which covers as many data points in the corresponding class as possible and can better depict the characteristics of that class. Quarter sphere SVM uses a minimum radius centered hypersphere to describe data points such that it covers the majority of data and makes the outliers lied out of this hypersphere. In this paper inspired by the merit of QSSVM algorithm, we proposed a new two independent quarter sphere SVM (TI-QSSVM) to classify two classes of data. TI-QSSVM generates two quarter sphere with the minimum radiuses for two classes such that each one centered at the mean point of the corresponding class and covers as many data points in that class as possible. TI-QSSVM obtains these two quarter sphere by solving two linear programming problems. As can be seen in the experiment section, TI-QSSVM has significant advantages in terms of the learning speed and generalization performance compared with the other algorithms.


To research the mechanical behavior,failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity of steel truss- trough girder composite truss joints,the monotonous static horizontal load was applied to the model gradually whose reduced- scale was 1 ∶ 3. The design of model,loading process and arrangements of measuring points were described in the first part of the thesis. The ultimate bearing capacity of the external node was calculated by analyzing the load- displacement curve of the free terminal of the concrete chord midpoint obtained by the measured displacement. Simultaneously,the aim is to find out the weak part of the node by contrasting the results obtained from the finite element analysis and propose appropriate improvements. The results indicate that the bearing capacity of node can meet the requirement of bearing capacity,and the PBL connector holds a good capability to transmit force. When the reduced- scale remains unchanged,adding a 12- millimeter- thick stiffener can effectively improve the stability of the belly bar and the ultimate bearing capacity of the node. The research results can provide help for the later theoretical research and practical engineering design.


This paper focuses particularly on pests of edible fungi in Fujian Province.Based on the experiments and investigations conducted both in the field and in the laboratory,the total collection includes Insecta,Arachnoidea and harmful animal.Insecta contains 50 species,belonging 30 families, 7 orders.Diptera pests are of the largest number.The harm of the main pests is describled.Stenolophus connotatus(Bates) and Euagoras plagiatus(Burmeister) are found to be predators,and reported firstly in China.Some controlling measures for pests of edible fungi are suggested.


© Appl. Rheol. 12 (2002) 174-181 Abstract: The structural development undergoing during the cure of a latex polymer is accompanied by viscoelastic changes, so that this process can be investigated using a rheological approach. We present in this paper the results of a study carried out on one of the most widely used chemical binders in the field of textile nonwovens: acrylic latexes. The rheological measurements have been performed on the latex films in a rectangular torsion and dynamic oscillatory mode, and the observations are discussed in terms of crosslinking. The results obtained show that the zone where crosslinking occurs in the polymer can be clearly identified by the investigation method used.


This work describe the expansion of the nursing, characterizing your tendency of moving of the preventive area goes the healing, with consequent alteration of the male nurse functions in order to assist the demand existent. The object of our concern the reflection concerning the reality and possible functions of the nursing tends the point of reference to the prevention and the cure.


He died alone and almost penniless in a New York hotel room, yet he made a series of inventions that changed the world. Nikola Tesla, who was born 150 years ago this month, pioneered the alternating-current technology that remains at the heart of electricity generation to this day, and was instrumental in the development of radio. Keen to revive the memory of the Serbian scientist and inventor that they believe has been overlooked by historians, Tesla enthusiasts are holding a series of events around the world to mark this anniversary.


Usage of Image has been increasing and used in many applications. Some applications such as the transmission of images in computer and mobile environments cannot use images directly due to the large amount of memory space needed to store these images. Image compression has a very important role in digital image processing and for effective transmission and storing of digital images. There are various techniques that can be used in image compression. Today JPEG algorithm has become the de facto standard in image compression. The source of its excellent compression ability is the quantization table which determine which frequency components of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) will be neglected. The JPEG default quantization table is generated from a series psycho-visual experiments from several angle points of experimental views. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a biologically-inspired optimization algorithm and has been experimentally demonstrated to perform excellent to solve many optimization problems by finding out the global best solution in a complicated search space. In this paper, to enhance the accuracy of the JPEG image compression algorithm, the PSO algorithm has been used to search the optimum quantization table. Simulation results show that the performance of the standard JPEG method can be improved by the proposed method in terms of PSNR and MSE. The proposed color image compression method has produced an average PSNR gain of 69.874 % compared with the standard JPEG color image compression method.


Utilization of the parameters involved in the system under consideration leads to a unitary operator formalism for dealing with eigenvalue problems. The existence of a unitary linear operator which transfers a known function, being predetermined for a special choice of the parameter, to the general eigenfunction is demonstrated and its properties are discussed. The related hypervirial theorems for variational Hellmann—Feynman wavefunction are discussed. The scaling problem and virial theorem are treated in some detail by means of the unitary operator techniques.


By using an organic framework to fabricate functional biomaterials, novel design and advanced biomedical applications of polymeric microbubbles for in vivo targeting and disease-oriented imaging of tumor vascularization can be developed. The present study describes novel synthetic
 protocols to fabricate RGD (Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic)-tagged αvβ3-targeted ultrasound microbubbles. The microbubbles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization techniques. Two types of microbubbles (MBs-1 and MBs-2) were obtained via biotin-streptavidin conjugation
 to poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) microbubbles (MBs-0) obtained by one-step synthesis in reverse order. The size distributions and surface zeta potentials were characterized. The results showed that the sizes of the MBs-2 were larger than that those of the MBs-1, and the MBs-2 showed decreased
 charge compared to MBs-1. In cell targeting studies, MBs-2 exhibited relatively stronger targeting affinity for αvβ3 integrins, while MBs-1 showed weaker targeting capability. Furthermore, in vivo mice imaging using MBs-2 for intravenous injection exhibited
 an obvious and sustained signal increase, which revealed the accumulative of MBs-2 anchoring in tumor. Hence, MBs-2 have been proven to be a promising candidate for using as ultrasound contrast agents for the early diagnosis of αvβ3-overexpressing malignant tumors,
 including breast cancer.


We show that a micromaser can work as an effective source of highly correlated atoms. We consider a one-photon micromaser pumped by a Poissonian beam of atomic pairs. We show that the atoms forming the pairs leave the micromaser's cavity in entangled states and that they can violate the Bell inequality. We consider two aspects of the violation of the Bell inequality: we study the maximal value B m a x of an expression appearing in the Bell inequality and we evaluate a vector-dependent B(a,a',b,b') depending upon experimental setup. We calculate the entanglement of the formation of states of the atomic pairs. We show that the pairs of atoms, which fly out from the micromaser cavity, are entangled for almost all values of control parameters characterizing the considered two-atom micromaser. This happens even if they do not violate the Bell inequality.


Based upon the closed form of the Humbert confluent hypergeometric function ) , ; , ; , ( ' 1 z w c c b a Ψ , the properties of Gauss hypergeometric function 1 2 F and the Pochhammer's symbol, we investigate some transformation and representation formulas associated with 1 Ψ . Several equations are deduced in the present study. These results can be used in many physical areas, particularly in the description of the donut laser beams.


OBJECTIVES 1. To describe the location of the heart within the thoracic cavity, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity. 2. Identify and name the 2 serous membranes associated with the heart, and the 3 wall layers of the heart. 3. Name and locate the 4 chambers, the 4 valves, the major vessels entering and exiting from the heart, and associated structures on human models and pig hearts. 4. To trace the path of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood through the heart. 5. To differentiate between the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit, and be able to locate these areas on a model. 6. Name and locate the blood supply to/from the heart muscle--cardiac v., coronary a., coronary sinus. 7. To identify the histology of the cardiac muscle, and recognize key features.


The efficiency of the compound enzyme application in the feathermeal degradation was studied in the paper.The physical and enzymolysis technique were found applicable in the process,which the feathermeal was hydrolyzed by compound enzyme with different concentration and different time after the feathermeal was dealt in high temperature and high pressure.In order to explore the efficiency of the keratin degradation,it is necessary to attain the character of product including protein solubility and pepsin digestion rate.In addition,polypeptide and free amino acid in the supernatant were primarily investigated.The results showed,on this condition the keratin decomposed effectively into polypeptides? oligopeptides and free amino acids,and most fraction of molecular weight distribution in the supernatant were below 6kDa.


Thank you for downloading guide to kansas architecture. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this guide to kansas architecture, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer. guide to kansas architecture is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the guide to kansas architecture is universally compatible with any devices to read.


For the purpose of outdoor advertising market researching, AD images are recaptured and uploaded everyday for statistics. But the quality of the recaptured advertising images are often affected by conditions such as angle, distance, and light during the shooting process, which consequently reduce either the speed or the accuracy of the retrieving algorithm. In this paper, we proposed a hash retrieval method based on convolutional neural networks for recaptured images. The basic idea is to add a hash layer to the convolutional neural network and then extract the binary hash code output by the hash layer to perform image retrieval in lowdimensional Hamming space. Experimental results show that the retrieval performance is improved compared with the current commonly used hash retrieval methods.


In Colombia, yam (Dioscorea spp) is grown and is very important to be staple food for the inhabitants of the Caribbean Region. Viral diseases cause losses in production and are essential to identify the vectors involved in their dispersion. The aim of this study was to detect Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) in symptomatic samples of Dioscorea rotundata Poir, in weed Rhynchosia minima L. and adult leafhooppers associated with yam crops. Leaf samples of R. minima and D. rotundata cv. "Boton" and leafhoppers were collected. The YMMV


The hydrodynamic model of ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions is used to show that the dependence of the thermal emission of dileptons and of the evaporation of hadrons with high transverse momenta on hadron multiplicity in the central rapidity region can be used as an indication of the presence of mixed-phase QCD matter.


Intelligent network is the basic network of modern telecommunications.This paper presents voice services of the intelligent network's services in China analyses the implementation characteristics and the use range of all servicesand from several sidespresents the existing kinds and the trend of development about the voice services of the city's intelligent network in China.


Abstract The continuing increases in the numbers of people in prison because they have been refused bail, together with the differential rates at which people in the various Australian jurisdictions are remanded in custody, raise urgent questions about the use of custodial remand. Traditionally, such questions have been addressed by a focus on judicial decision-making. This article takes a step back from this rather narrow perspective and focuses, rather, on the purposes and outcomes of custodial remand in terms of justice policy. It explores desired policy goals and objectives, implementation systems and indicators of bail policies by a measure of their 'effectiveness'. Remand in custody and its alternative, bail, are conceptualised in this paper as strategies. The article explores the purposes for which remand strategies are utilised, the effect of competing goals on remand decision-makers, and how achievements of the goals of custodial remand (and its alternatives) could be better measured.


During solar cell firing, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and a small number of metal particles were removed using the gas flow. When the gas flow was disturbed by the thermal field of infrared belt furnace and structure, the metal particles in the discharging gas flow randomly adhered to the surface of solar cell, possibly causing contamination. Meanwhile, the gas flow also affected the thermal uniformity of the solar cell. In this paper, the heating mechanism of the solar cell caused by radiation, convection, and conduction during firing was analyzed. Afterward, four 2-dimensional (2D) models of the furnace were proposed. The transient thermal fields with different gas inlets, outlets, and internal structures were simulated. The thermal fields and the temperature of the solar cell could remain stable and uniform when the gas outlets were installed at the ends and in the middle of the furnace, with the gas inlets being distributed evenly. To verify the results, we produced four types of furnaces according to the four simulated results. The experimental results indicated that the thermal distribution of the furnace and the characteristics of the solar cells were consistent with the simulation. These experiments improved the efficiency of the solar cells while optimizing the solar cell manufacturing equipment.


In this paper, the computer-generated binary phase hologram to control l0×10 spots is designed using simple Genetic Algorithm(sGA). GA is a random search algorithm based on the mechanism of natural selection and natural genetic, it is robust and efficient schema. sGA for a change of phase is applied to minimize a difference between Fourier transform result and desired pattern. A designed hologram using a several parameter has a 74.4[%] high efficiency and a 1.61×10-¹ uniformity quantitatively.


Objective To discuss the motivated interview type health education on the treatment compliance of elderly patients with high blood pressure.Methods Totals of 80 cases of elderly patients with hypertension randomly divided into control group and observation group with each forty cases.Control group received traditional health education,while observation group received the motivated interview type health education on the basis of traditional health education.The treatment compliance of two groups after 3 months they discharged from hospital were observed.Results Medical behavior at each index reasonable food,medicine,law science movement,regular blood pressure monitoring in observation group [(8.0 ± 3.2),(7.3 ± 3.5),(7.1 ± 4.5),(7.5 ± 2.6)] were higher those that in control group [(5.3 ± 1.1),(4.9 ±2.4),(4.3 ± 3.1),(3.3 ± 3.7)],and the differences were statistically significance (t =5.61,4.42,4.77,3.96 ;P < 0.01).Conclusions Motivated interview type health education can effectively promote the elderly hypertensive patients behavior change and improve their quality of life at the medical behavior and.

Key words:
Hypertension; Elderly; Motivation interview; Health education; Treatment compliance


Lin'an county has a lot of conditions conducive to developing an ancient road economy.The development helps the county integrates its tourist resources,enhance the tourist grade,promote cultural prosperity and the coordinated development of the regional economy.So,it is necessary to take measures to protect and make full use of resources through the government's guidance and planning,be active in increasing the number of exploration projects,and integrate and upgrade industries in order to promote the development of the ancient road economy in Lin' an county.


Chapter 6 offers a philosophical interpretation of Nicolas Baier's experimental digital photography. Approaching Baier's work through Alfred North Whitehead's concept of "prehension," Bernard Stiegler's account of "the default of origin," and C.S. Peirce's concept of the index, I theorize the retentional exactitude of his digital transformations of physical objects. The chapter intervenes in debates in media philosophy while offering a reading of Baier's work that is both poetic and conceptually rigorous. The chapter concludes by positioning my reading in relation to Bachelard's theory of the "transmutation of epistemological values."


In this article, the author argues that the concept of 'judicial independence" has served more as an object of rhetoric than it has of sustained study. He views the scholarly literatures that treat it as ships passing in the night, each subject to weaknesses that reflect the needs and fashions of the discipline, but all tending to ignore courts other than the Supreme Court of the United States. Seeking both greater rigor and greater flexibility than one usuallyfinds in public policy debates about, and in the legal and political science literatures on, judicial independence, the author attributes much of the difficulty to three fundamental shortcomings, the failure to recognize that (l)judicial independence is not an end ofgovernment but a means to an end (or ends), (2)judicial independence andjudicial accountability are not discrete concepts at war with one another, but rather complementary concepts that can and should be regarded as allies, and (3)judicial independence is not a monolith. The author shows how the instrumental approach key to recognizing the first shortcoming also helps to grasp the second and third, and he explores the implications of each for the additional research that judicial independence needs and deserves. That research, he argues, should no longer ignore state courts or lower federal courts, and neither should it ignore changes in attitudes towards, or in the practical circumstances of contemporary law and lawmaking. Recognizing that attention to the different functions that courts perform, even within the same system, may lead one to consider whether they should be subject to different arrangements concerningjudicial independence (and accountability), the author suggests a number of inquiries that might profitably inform the answers to such questions.


We present a density functional theory study of the first step of CH4 adsorption on the Ni(111) surface, dissociation into adsorbed CH3 and H. The rupture of the C–H bond occurs preferentially on top of a Ni atom, with a dissociation barrier of about 100 kJ/mol (including zero point corrections). The transition state involves considerable internal excitation of the molecule. The active C–H bond is both stretched to 1.6 A and tilted relative to the methyl group. A normal mode analysis shows that the reaction coordinate is mainly a C–H stretch, while the orientation of the C–H bond relative to the surface is responsible for the highest real mode. Alloying the surface with gold also affects the reactivity of the Ni atoms on adjacent surface sites. The dissociation barrier is increased by 16 and 38 kJ/mol for a Ni atom with one or two gold neighbors, respectively. We attribute these changes to a shift in the local density of d states at the nickel atoms in the neighborhood of gold.


The ability to speak English in the era of Fourth Industrial Revolution is necessary for learners. However Gaining the ability of speaking English is still challenging for a lot of learners who live in English as Foreign Language countries.  Most of learners find it difficult to speak English due to some barriers. The objective of this study is to explore English speaking's barriers which face by foreign learners. The method used in this study is literature research method.  To collect the data the writer used some references from articles, book, e book, and all the data related to this study. Based on the result and discussion, the writer concluded that the way of students gaining their speaking skill through learning, the exposure to English, the differences in grammar and phonology, anxiety, and motivation are some of barriers that foreign learners face in speaking English.


Pyrolytic carbon (PyC) has excellent biocompatibility, strength-to-weight ratio, and unique directional thermal properties. It finds application in biomedical implants like finger prosthesis, heart valves, and some thermonuclear components. Recently, engineered features have been demonstrated to improve the hemodynamics of heart valves. These features need to be machined on PyC which is a brittle anisotropic material and its machining characteristics are different than standard isotropic materials. Very little work has been done in PyC machining; consequently, this study is aimed at creating the manufacturing knowledge base to generate engineered surfaces in pyrolytic carbon bio-implants. A full factorial experimental design has been used in this article to investigate the effect of micromachining process parameters (rake angle, depth of cut, tool width, and cutting speed) on the response variables. Experiments were conducted in the AB plane (parallel to the layers) and the C plane (normal to the layers) to capture the effect of anisotropy in pyrolytic carbon. The process responses studied were: cutting/thrust forces, surface roughness, surface morphology, and chip morphology. The mean cutting and thrust forces increased by 118% and 88%, respectively, and the surface roughness increased multifold when the cutting plane was changed from AB to C.


The purpose of this brief communiqué is to report the temporal pattern of adult emergence of the orchid bee, Eufriesea surinamensis (L.), in a small sample of aggregated nest (brood) cells from Costa Rica. It is well documented that Eufriesea females build nests of mud, resin and flaky bark chips in aggregations of varying size and generally concealed in sheltered substrates (e.g., Sakagami and Michener, 1965; Dodson, 1966; Zucchi et. al., 1969; Myers and Loveless, 1976; Kimsey, 1987). The genus Eufriesea replaces Euplusia in the systematics literature (Kimsey, 1987). While it is generally known that the sex ratio of emerging adult euglossine bees is 1:1 (e.g., Ackerman and Montalvo, 1985), little is known in particular about the temporal pattern of Eufriesea emergence within an aggregation of brood cells. A series of E. surinamensis nest cells (N 5 112) were collected from under a railroad trestle bridge between Finca Experimental La Lola, a cacao research station operated by CATIE (Center for Tropical Agricultural Research and Education), and the town of Madre de Dios (near Siquirres, Limon Province, Costa Rica), in early July 1987. This site of aggregated E. surinamensis nest cells is approximately one km from where a single nest of Euglossa turbinefex was previously discovered and studied (Young, 1985). The nest cells in the present study were gathered in large clear plastic bags and transported legally to the Milwaukee Public Museum to observe adult bee emergences. Only a relatively small portion of the total number of nests present beneath the bridge was collected. At the museum, the nest cells were kept in plastic bags on top of hallway cabinets and examined every one to four days to detect bee emergences. Once it was determined that no additional bees would be emerging, many of the nest cells were opened and examined for additional information on contents. A small sample of nest cells was measured for their size. Emerging bees were collected and identified to sex according to the condition of the hindleg tibia (convex in males; concave in females) in relation to orchid pollen collecting by male euglossines (Kimsey, 1978; M.W. Whitten, pers. comm.). The nest cells were collected in the field as five distinct, large clusters with individual clusters containing 15, 17, 19, 25 and 36 cells respectively (for the total of 112 cells examined). Of the 112 nest cells collected, 28 or 25% yielded bees in this brief study between July 1987 and December 1988 (Table 1). For overall bee emergences 25 bees emerged between July and September 1987 (82%). Based on examining all nest cells, 78% of bees (87 out of 112 nests) or other insects emerged prior to July 1987 when the nest cells were collected in Costa Rica. One emptied nest cell yielded one individual of the hunting wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) dubium Coville 1982 (Sphecidae). The emergence data (Table 1) confirms an almost 1:1 sex ratio but with a greater number of males emerging for the period July–September 1987 than females (14 versus 9) (Table 1). A study of Eufriesea violacea in Brazil revealed, however, a sex ratio skewed towards a greater number of males emerging from nest cells within a thirteen-day period (Peruquetti and Campos, 1997). Average nest cell size was 23 mm (length) by 14 mm (width). The majority of nest cells examined other than the ones yielding bees in this study were either empty or contained fragments of insect exoskeleton. Some sealed nest cells were also seemingly devoid of contents. Myers and Loveless (1976) found that E. surinamensis on the Osa Peninsula in Costa Rica not only nest in aggregations, but also reuse old nest cells. This observation is consistent with the perception that E. surinamensis females reuse the same nesting sites over and over as indicated by the large accumulation of nests at the La Lola/Madre de Dios bridge site in the present study. Nest cell reuse in E. surinamensis likely increases the efficiency of egg laying, especially when nests are highly aggregated (Myers and Loveless, 1976). That the majority of nest cells observed in the present study were already empty is further evidence of considerable nest reuse at this site. However, an abundance of empty nest cells in a protected place means that the bees perhaps emerged earlier and these cells have not yet deteriorated due to their sheltered


This assessment includes records of a variety of methods for analysing gestational diabetes as well as professional guidance from a few organizations. This article discusses the consequences of gestational diabetes on both the mother and the child .The authors explain methods for self-monitoring blood sugar levels and taking remedial action with food, oral medicine, and insulin injections. The difficult job of glucose metabolism and postpartum length are reviewed, as well as a method for assessing timing and manner of transfer. ).According to a direct comparison of the two standard units using the unique O'Sullivan and Mahan technique against Carpenter and Coustan (C&C) plasma containing glucose oxidase standards 95 percent of cases p of the unique levels' self-confidence limits. The National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG), on other hand, had a self-confidence of over 95%. In each of the three examples, the NDDG was over the 95 percent self-confidence threshold after exposure to the dimension. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) eventually recognized the C&C criteria, and they retained the ADA's suggested clinical limits until 2011, when the ADA established a new range of diagnostic standards. These final values were raised by more than 14% to allow for such excess serum to whole. Two threshold units the terms "NDDG" and "Carpenter and Coustan" were taken from the O'Sullivan and Mahan standards (C&C). Both have been authorized by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).According to a direct comparison of the two standard units using the unique O'Sullivan and Mahan technique against C&C plasma containing glucose oxidase standards 95 percent of cases p of the unique levels' self-confidence limits.


Introduction: Standardized patient simulation can be an effective strategy to foster cultural competence education. Methodology: Guided by the Cultural Competence and Confidence Model, this grant-funded, longitudinal, one-group, pretest and posttest study used the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool (TSET) to examine the effect of the Diverse Standardized Patient Simulation (DSPS) cultural competence education strategy on students' (n = 53) transcultural self-efficacy. Developed by following recommended guidelines and standards, the DSPS had content validity review. It aimed to improve students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes with regard to providing culturally competent nursing care. The statistical methods included t-tests, McNemar's test, correlation analyses, and Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: The DSPS influenced statistically significant changes (increase) in students' transcultural self-efficacy perceptions (p < .05). All students regardless of background benefited from formalized cultural competence education. Discussion: Evidence-based strategies such as the DSPS can offer a valuable guide for educators to foster cultural competence education.


s presented. Comparing the same period, after 2000 (Florida), an average of 535 were presented, an average significant higher than that of approximately 275 abstracts observed in the preceding congresses. 1 Except data for 1968 (International Citrus Symposium). Table 1. The International Citrus Congresses around the world and correspondent number of delegates, abstracts presented and ISC members # Year Country City Delegates Abstracts ISC Members -1968 USA* Riverside 754 235 1 1973 Spain Murcia/Valencia 700 226 670 2 1977 USA Orlando 875 290 ? 3 1978 Australia Sydney 341 102 645 4 1981 Japan Tokyo 350 341 525 5 1984 Brazil Sao Paulo 424 285 512 6 1988 Israel Tel-Aviv 584 229 421 7 1992 Italy Acireale 886 469 501 8 1996 South Africa Sun City 545 299 567 9 2000 USA Orlando 1.015 508 526 1


Excavation and survey activities at Cootes Paradise during 1995 and 1996 offer new insights into the early Late Woodland occupations of this important wetland area. Survey on the north shore of Cootes Paradise relocated the Bull's Point site (AhGx-9), a Princess Point component originally found by David Stothers in 1969, and discovered five additional sites. Two of the new sites, Bull's Cove (AhGx-365) and Cootes 1 (AhGx-366), produced small amounts of Late Woodland pottery. The three other new sites yielded only non diagnostic chert flakes. Bull's Point produced Princess Point and later, possibly Early Iroquoian, pottery, a full suite of chipped lithic artifacts, and maize kernel fragments; almost no bone was recovered. Post moulds and features uncovered at this site are evidence for a small structure. The Bull's Cove site, initially thought to be Princess Point but now classed as Early Iroquoian, underwent limited test excavation. Both Bull's Point and Bull's Cove are small sites situated in the bottoms of ravines at the present water's edge, a type of site location unique to Cootes Paradise. They are interpreted as warm-weather, single family camp sites occupied on a short-term basis for the exploitation of seasonal resources.


We start by citing the first page of the Cameron and Truran (1977) paper on "The Supernova Trigger for Formation of the Solar System": "We have found it to be a common reaction for people to ask: Is it not highly unlikely that a supernova should have gone off close to a region of formation of the solar system within a few million years of the time the event occurred?" The proposed solution to this problem was the idea that the formation of the solar system was triggered by the shock wave from a nearby supernova. The cause of its formation would then necessarily provide the presence of radioactive nuclei. The supernova trigger theory was based on two main premises: (1) the radioactive nuclei observed in the ESS could be made by a SNII, and (2) supernova ejecta could trigger the collapse of a nearby molecular cloud, thus plausibly initiating the formation of many protostars. An AGB star can also satisfy the requirements needed to be considered a possible source for the SLN in the ESS in a trigger scenario: (1) nucleosynthesis in AGB stars can produce the needed abundances of SLN, as demonstrated by this work and that of Wasserburg and collaborators (Wasserburg et al. 1994, 2006), and (2) shock waves from AGB winds may be capable of triggering the collapse of the proto-solar cloud, as demonstrated by hydrodynamic simulations of a low-speed shock front (Boss 1995). This latter study, however, should be updated in the light of the resolution criteria proposed by Truelove et al. (1997). Also, this result does not necessarily confirm the AGB trigger scenario because these kinds of shocks are produced in star-forming regions by proto-stellar outflows. In any case, the idea of an AGB star trigger was favored for some time (Cameron 1984, 1993). Subsequently, the AGB scenario was dismissed, primarily because Kastner and Myers (1994), using observational data, estimated that any giant molecular cloud (MC) located within 1 kpc of the Sun (from the list of Dame et al. 1987), has only about a 1% probability of encountering an AGB star in a 1 Myr period, which implies that AGB stars are relatively rare near star-forming regions today. As discussed by Kastner and Myers (1994), the probability of AGB-MC encounters would increase by an order of magnitude at the time of the formation of the solar system when using the bimodal initial mass function (IMF) proposed by Wyse and Silk (1987). However, galactic chemical evolution models no longer need this kind of IMF, because dual-infall models (e.g., Fenner and Gibson 2003) can generally account for observables (e.g., the so-called G-dwarf problem) that were once problematic. Kastner and Myers (1994) also state that "There is a significant (∼70%) probability at the present epoch for a given cloud to be visited by an AGB star in ∼108 yr". If this encounter "triggers multiple star formation, then AGB-induced proto-stars should exist in every molecular cloud" (Boss 1995). This probability would be lower when only considering massive AGB stars of ∼4–8 M , however, a detailed re-analysis of this point is needed because the statistics of Kastner and Myers (1994) are very poor and completely dominated by only two stars. These authors concentrated on stars in the solar neighborhood, and noted that the extension to a larger volume in the galactic disk would give a better estimation. A revised estimate (which is out of the scope of this work) should take into account the following:


The synthesis of extremely short chain basket handle porphyrins is described. These molecules are derived from 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine bearing alkoxy chains (handles) of 4-, 5-, and 6-carbon atoms covalently attached at the o-phenyl positions. For the n = 5 and 6 free base porphyrins three different isomers are formed: cross-trans-linked (I), adjacent-trans-linked (II) and adjacent-cis-linked (III) isomers. For the butyl-bridged compound only the latter two could be obtained. Attempts to insert zinc(II) ion into the porphinato cores have been successful only for isomers II and III; isomer I could not be metalated. The structural assignment of the three different isomers is based on UV-vis and /sup 1/H NMR spectroscopy as well as on X-ray structure analysis of the Zn(II) complex of the hexyl-bridged isomer II. The Zn hexyl II complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2/sub 1//n, and cell dimensions at 296 K of a = 8.608 (2) A, b = 22.212 (4) A, c = 13.774 (2) A, and ..beta.. = 91.90 (1)/sup 0/ with two molecules per unit cell. The average Zn-N bond distance is 2.031 (3) A with the zinc atom precisely centered in the porphinato plane. On the basis of the spectroscopic and preliminary structuralmore » data, it is shown that the porphyrin ring of isomer I is permanently distorted from planarity. Furthermore, from analysis of spectroscopic data for isomers II and III it appears likely that the porphyrin rings of the butyl-bridged compounds are also distorted significantly, while those of the pentyl- and hexyl-bridged porphyrins are planar.« less


Spherical void dots with a diameter of 1.2–1.8 μm have been generated in a solid polymer material by use of the ultrafast laser driven micro-explosion method. Micron-sized structures with a face-centered cubic lattice stacked in the [100] and [111] directions have been fabricated. Confocal microscopic images show the high uniformity of the fabricated structures. Photonic stopgaps with a suppression rate of approximately 70% as well as the second-order stopgaps have been observed in both directions. It is shown that the dependence of the stopgaps on the illumination angle in the [100] direction is significantly different from that in the [111] direction.


A classification of maars, tuff-rings, tuff-cones, and diatremes is given along with a summary of their lithologic and structural characteristics at the surface and at depth, and their probable manner of formation. Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of fluidization and groundwater.


The technical features of the CPE pipe mill and the mandrel pipe mil are compared and analyzed in case of producing small-sized seamless steel pipes,involving such aspects as manufacturing process,operational tools and equipment configuration. Based on the analysis,it is concluded that with similar pipe types and product quality, the CPE mill,compared with the mandrel pipe mill,is in possession of such advantages as low initial investment, simplified equipment structure and operation procedure,small maintenance amount,and low operation cost,etc., having competitive superiority over the latter.


Microalgae biomass can be used to produce numerous value added products such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, fish feed, animal feed, human food supplements and skin care products. Production of value added products from microalgae biomass requires the growth and recovery of the algae biomass, extraction and downstream processing of the desired product. One of the major obstacles for using microalgae biomass on an industrial-scale, for the production of biodiesel, is the high processing costs. Increasing the lipid recovery efficiency from the microalgae biomass would result in greater product yields (biodiesel). Thus, the aim of this study was to review the current methods used for microalgae pre-treatment and perform a comparative analysis in order to determine the most economically efficient method for large scale use. The effectiveness of the pre-treatment methods investigated was evaluated based on: (a) cell wall disruption efficiency, (b) cost, (c) toxicity (d) suitability for large scale use, (e) time, (f) reusability and (g) maintenance. Different treatment methods included mechanical techniques (shaking vessel and agitated bead mills and horn and bath sonication), thermal methods (steam explosion, freeze drying and autoclave), electromagnetic radiation (microwave) and biological treatments (enzymatic). The results indicated that of the 9 microalgae methods investigated a mechanical, thermal and electromagnetic radiation techniques were suitable. These methods were bath sonication (81), steam explosion (93) and microwave radiation (87). Microwave assisted microalgae pre-treatment technique is rapid, effective in cell wall disruption, non-toxic, can be used for large volumes and the medium maybe reused, but it does however suffer from high maintenance costs. Bath sonication technique is effective in the degradation of cell wall, nontoxic, rapid technique with minimal maintenance required, but suffers from high costs and difficulty in scale up for industrial use. Steam explosion pre-treatment is effective in degrading microalgae cell wall, releasing intracellular components, rapid, reusable, relatively low in costs, environmentally friendly and reusable, but is species specific. Overall, the negative aspects of these three techniques are outweighed by their effectiveness, rapidness and relatively low costs when compared to other pre-treatment techniques. Other mechanical extraction methods suffer from high operational costs, lengthy treatment times, high maintenance costs and the scale up difficulty. Freeze drying and autoclave techniques were deemed unsuitable microalgae pre-treatment techniques because of the high costs, scale up difficulty and long processing times associated. Biological pre-treatment technique were deemed unsuitable as a result of high costs associated with purchasing of enzymes, difficulty in recovery/separation after treatment, long treatment time, and high maintenance required for high efficiency.


The goal for this master thesis is to develop a prototype that uses ultra-wideband (UWB) communications to wirelessly transfer electrocardiogram (ECG) data from an ECG measurement unit to an Androi ...


Compared to the massive literatures on leadership theories, behaviors, concepts, frameworks, and skills, scant attention has been paid to why leaders often learn little from their experiences and h...


Chiral ensembles were spontaneously formed in solution through boronate esterification of structurally defined di(boronic acid)-appended tetraphenylethylene (DB-TPE) and commercially available l- or d-tartaric acid, showing enantioselective aggregation behavior for chiral diamines as well as cinchona alkaloids enabling the fluorescent recognition of their chirality.


(57) Abstract: having a sealing casing 12, a household, and similar closed cooling compressor for cooling equipment, the bottom 10 of the casing forms a sump for the lubricating oil 14, housing and both of the compressor body and the drive motor 16 to associated therewith to share, and a pump means 34 and 36 connected to lubricating oil to the lower end portion of the crank shaft a hollow crankshaft 20 rotating about a vertical axis to. It said pump means comprises a sleeve 34 which is fixed to the lower end of the crankshaft 20, the piston member 36 to float freely in the sleeve is elastically connected to the stator 22 of the motor 16.


Eliminating the noise and protecting the details in the image are the purpose of the noise reduction. The theory based on grey prediction model introduces a nonlinear filter, which is used to improve the quality of the image denoising and meanwhile keep the image details. The basic theory and the method of grey prediction model are introduced. The improved algorithm can detect and obtain more precise edge pixels without noise. The experiment results and the analysis of Signal-to-Noise show that when the noise property reaches to 40%, the PSNR with the new algorithm is always better than the original algorithm and conventional median filtering. The successful algorithm indicates that it is feasible and effective to use grey prediction model to process the image.


The purpose of this study is to explore the forms and characteristics of reflection crack in asphalt overlay of old cement pavement, so as to provide reference for effective prevention and treatment of reflection crack.By means of ANSYS finite element software, considering the coupling effect of temperature and vehicle in different working conditions, the influence of cooling on asphalt overlay was analyzed, and the location and form of crack were discussed.The analysis results show that tensile crack and shear crack are more likely to occur near the joint of old cement pavement, and shear crack is more likely to occur in areas outside the joint, about 1/2 wheel length from the joint of cement pavement.The prevention and treatment of crack at different locations should be carried out according to different working conditions.


In this paper, it is shown that the sectoral structure of the interplanetary magnetic field might be caused by the largo-scale spiral waves on the equatorial plane, The equatorial plane is a neutral sheet for the fundamental solar dipolar field. The magnetic induction on it approximates zero. However, if a spiral wave is excited in the equatorial plane, the sectoral structure with all the observed basic features would occur. Indeed, we can show the possible existence of spiral waves rotating rigidly with the sun. By using a simple model in which the viscosity and thermal conductivity are neglected, it is easy to prove that the stability of the spiral wave is neutral. According to this theory, the sectoral structure is not a matter flow but a density wave. Theoretical estimates about the wave length and pitch angle agree roughly with many of the properties of the interplanetary magnetic field obtained from space observation.


ing away from specific di¤erences among the Minimalist approaches to Tagalog case and word order, all recent accounts have in common the proposal that arguments are base merged in their thematic positions and the external argument asymmetrically c-commands internal arguments within the vP (Richards 2000; Rackoski 2002; Rackowski and Richards 2005; Aldridge 2004, 2005, 2008, to appear). In Aldridge's approach, genitive case on an external argument is inherent case assigned by transitive v to its specifier, while nominative case is structural case valued on the first DP in the c-command domain of the case-assigning probe, v in a transitive clause1. Verb-initial word order is derived by moving the verb to T or an aspectual projection above vP. 1 Aldridge analyzes Tagalog as an ergative language. Genitive case on external arguments is treated as ergative, and nominative case is taken to be absolutive. Genitive case on non-absolutive objects is treated as inherent case assigned by the lexical verb. See De Guzman (1988), Gerdts (1988), Liao (2004), and Payne (1982) for other ergative analyses of Tagalog. Minimalist questions for the nominalist analysis of Tagalog syntax 57


This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the implementation of agile project management methodologies in the construction industry in the United States. The research utilized a review of literature methodology to examine the benefits, challenges


Background: Online discussions create an opportunity to develop critical thinking skills and self-reflection of knowledge. The FAIMER ML Web discussion is a novel approach which equip the fellows with in depth knowledge and help to acquire better teaching and learning skills.
Objectives: 1. To conduct the Mentor-Learner web discussion with a view to develop capacity building on qualitative research 2. To assess the participation in online learning.
Methods : The study participants were the PSG FAIMER regional institute Fellows of 2013, 2014, 2015 batch, alumni and the faculty co-mentors of multidisciplinary field of Medical, Dental, Nursing and Physiotherapy across the South Asian region of the world.The online capacity building was planned for one month. Then every week the objectives and the activities were posted in the PSG FRI listserve to enhance the online learning by the participants.
Result: During the entire month of discussion more than 200 mails received from the participants. Most of them shared the resources in the mail and in addition to that some shared it as attachments, web link and videos.
Conclusion: Online learning encouraged the participants to share the resources as well as their experience on qualitative research. It was flexible and convenient for the participants.


Summary Thirty normal dogs tested repeatedly with 1:100 tuberculin have given negative reactions. Forty-two dogs with tuberculous lesions have given positive reactions to the intracutaneous injection of tuberculin in doses of 1:100 to 1:10,000. Three dogs gave doubtful or negative reactions; one of these animals has been necropsied and showed no gross evidence of tuberculosis. Six dogs previously positive to tuberculin have given negative or doubtful reactions from 1 to 3 months before death; necropsies invariably revealed extensive tuberculosis. Other than this there has been no apparent correlation between the degree of cutaneous sensitivity and the extent of the tuberculous lesion.


By using of linear trend and moving average analysis methods and GIS spatial analysis technique,the long-term trend of temperature and precipitation and the distibution were analyzed in this paper.The data used in this paper were observed at 38 meteorological stations.The results show that the annual mean precipitation exhibited a decreasing trend while the annual mean temperature exhibited an increasing trend during the past 40 years in Haihe River basin.The annual variation of precipitation was obvious,the annual maximum and minimum proportion of precipitation was 2.31 and the variation coefficient of it was 0.18;while the annual variation of temperature was not clear,the annual maximum and minimum proportion of it was only 1.32 and the variation coefficient was 0.06.The reginal differences were obvious and the trend was that the precipitation decreased from the windward slope of Taihang Moutain and Yanshan Moutain to northwest and southeast of the basin while the temperature decreased from southeast to northwest.


The study is devoted to agricultural use of waste water released into the environment and its impacts on soil and agricultural products that are irrigated with. Mixed domestic and industrial sewage, from an industrial city, are charged on heavy metals, and produce same foods including maize. We have done samples at two soils levels and corn fragments, taken with technical regulations. ICP analyzes have revealed doses of 8 metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn), with disparities between the elements themselves and within the components of each matrix. Some high concentrations are noted, especially in surface soil and maize roots, particularly the iron metal. Received 08 Dec 2015, Revised 22 May 2016, Accepted 02 Jun 2016


The adoption of a product line strategy can bring significant productivity and time to market improvements. However, evolving a product line is risky because it might impact many products and their...


This 2020 we find ourselves, health professionals, health managers, governments and almost all the community in very unexpected and challenging circumstances as we face the COVID-19 pandemic. Millions of people around the world are infected and more than one million have died so far1. The pandemic is presenting many-fold impacts on economy, education and several aspects of our lives. All these impacts added to social distancing, isolation, family and other personal losses and fear of contagion have both activated and intensified mental health problems in many people, being crucial to enhance suicide prevention2,3. All geographical areas are vulnerable to the pandemic and its associated impacts. However, megacities, urban agglomerations surpassing 10 million people, are environments at higher risk4,5. Megacities are very susceptible to public health crises and are currently facing unprecedented challenges to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and alleviate the impacts of the pandemic6,7.


The Logarithm Methodology of Additive Weights (LMAW) method is a very young method and in its basic form is defined for crisp values. In this paper, the LMAW method was improved by being modified with triangular fuzzy numbers. The modification significantly improved the capacity of the LMAW method to consider uncertainty in decision making. The special importance of the method is reflected in a relatively simple mathematical apparatus due to which it is possible to define, with high quality, weight coefficients of criteria and rank alternative solutions in uncertain environments. The method was tested in solving the problem of the location selection for a landing operations point (LOP) in combat operations of the army. The validation of the obtained results was performed: (1) by means of comparison with the Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW) Method, the Fuzzy Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (FMABAC), the fuzzy Višekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (FVIKOR), the fuzzy COmpressed PRoportional ASsessment (FCOPRAS), and the fuzzy Multi Attributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis (FMAIRCA); (2) by means of sensitivity analysis by changing the weight coefficients of criteria; and (3) using simulation software. In comparison with other methods, the quality of the ranking of alternative solutions was confirmed, which highlighted the special importance of the fuzzy LMAW method relative to that of certain standard methods, respectively, the ones that are often used and confirmed in practice. On the other hand, the sensitivity analysis, including the changing of the weight coefficients of criteria, showed that the model could tolerate smaller errors in defining the weight coefficients of criteria, and it provided stable results. Finally, the validation of results achieved with the use of simulation software confirmed the obtained output results. The output results confirmed the quality of the modified method.


Aiming at the the bank system risk problem,the paper presented a model that incorporates the correlation between bank asset volatility. An algorithm of simulation on the bank system risk was proposed in the paper,and then a computer simulation was carried out with the model. The simulation results obtain the probability of banking systemic risk under the condition of different correlated coefficients. The results show that: when the banking system is stable( the fluctuation rate of bank assets is small),bank system risk will rise along with the asset correlation;when the banking system is relatively stable,the systemic risk will decline at first,and then rise,which means that there is not a correlation coefficient of zero makes systemic risk minimum; when the banking system is instable,the systemic risk will first decrease and then increase,but the bank systemic risk is very high. The asset correlation as a measure of systemic risk index can be more effective for monitoring of systemic risk.


Do teachers teach adults differently from pre-adults and, if so, what are these differences and what factors determine their magnitude? To examine these questions, data were collected from 173 public school and college teachers who taught both adults and pre-adults. Hypotheses related to overall magnitude of differences in teaching behavior were tested using multiple regression. As predicted, differences in teaching behavior were related to the relative age of the pre-adult comparison group (i.e., greater for school teachers), the extent to which adults were perceived to differ from pre-adults on learning-related characteristics, and the extent to which teachers subscribed to the belief that groups of students with different characteristics should be taught differently. These variables accounted for 41 percent of the variance in the measure of overall difference in teaching behavior. Secondary hypotheses concerning the direction of specific differences in teaching behaviors and perceptions of student char...


Summary

1
Fabric temperatures and rates of drying have been investigated using "infra-red" heating.

2
Fabrics show two steady temperatures during drying. The lower ocours during the period of the constant drying rate; the higher occurs when the fabrics are dry. The rise, from the lower to the higher temperature occurs at the "critical moisture content".

3
Critical moisture contents are given for a number o8


Tang Taizong,2nd emperor of the Tang Dynasty,was among those famous monarchs who were noted for their taking history as guide for the future.Adopting various measures to promote historiography,he brought its competence into full play.Tang Taizong thus became an honored model for bringing forth Golden Years of Zhenguan. (marked by peace, prosperity, openness, and efficient government). It is also known as a brilliant page in historiography record.


Any visitor to the Middle East will be familiar with the none-too-unattractive ad hoc security measures, usually imposed after a serious security incident; invariably these are incongruous mitigation and worryingly of doubtful efficacy. The current authors believe that in the Middle East there is a lack of knowledge of security risk management and what it offers the built environment. This is illustrated by the fact that security consultants are often appointed almost as an afterthought in many projects. Unfortunately security risk management planning and its associated design and engineering activities have never enjoyed the same obligatory status as those that surround the design of fire prevention and safety. This ignores the potential to develop a risk-led approach offering savings to clients in terms of proportionality, procurement phasing, operational efficacies and, importantly for many clients and their clients, pleasing aesthetics. This article (written'by two experienced Arup security consultant...


Abstract Interferential therapy is a therapeutic modality that has been used for the past several decades, with little empirical evidence to support its continued use within the clinical setting. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss the current clinical application of interferential therapy with reference to its analgesic potential and possible mechanism(s) of action. There is not a large base of literature for interferential therapy (especially compared with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; a modality with similar methods of application), thus it is not possible to provide a systematic review owing to inconsistencies in reported clinical protocols.


The concept of collaboration is simultaneously contested and multifaceted. Its current political and scholarly use has been largely determined by the events of the Second World War. The term has acquired a pejorative and/or polemical connotation signifying primarily the collaboration of native political forces with the Axis occupiers during the Second World War. In its most polemical dimension, the term has become synonymous with treason and the adoption of a Fascist or Nazi ideological position. Yet, from a conceptual perspective, this practice is highly restrictive. To begin with, it is hard to come up with a serious theoretical reason for excluding from the concept practices of collaboration with non-Axis forces, e.g. of German or Japanese elites with the Allied occupation forces following the Axis defeat in 1945. In fact, collaboration as a practice is 'as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory'. The concept of 'indirect rule' so essential for understanding colonisation also requires the use of collaboration. To go even further, it is possible to observe that collaboration is an essential feature of both empire and also state-building processes. In spite of this conceptual minefield, convention forces us to use the term in a way compatible with current practices. Even within this restricted conceptual domain, however, collaboration can be analysed across several dimensions. One dimension refers to the political and legal modalities of collaboration. Did it follow a formal treaty or not? Where those who signed this treaty representative and legitimate political actors? A second dimension refers to the (non-mutually exclusive) policy areas in which collaboration was practised: was it political, military, or economic. A third distinguishes between the primarily political dimension of collaboration and its cultural and social underpinnings. Collaboration by political versus ethnic organisations is a related issue. A fourth dimension entails the study of underlying motivations and distinguishes by forced collaboration (or cooperation), survival-driven collaboration (or attentisme), and collaboration that is chosen given acceptable alternatives. This last category is further distinguished from 'collaborationism' used exclusively for a collaboration based on ideological identification as opposed to state collaboration based on the raison d'Etat. Additionally, it is also possible to disaggregate motivations and dynamics among elites and ordinary citizens. A key issue is understanding whether collaboration is superimposed on pre-existing political cleavages and whether it creates


With their novel, insulin‐independent mechanism, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a major turning point in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. At present, there are several SGLT2 inhibitors available or in development, and these oral anti‐hyperglycaemic agents lower plasma glucose through the inhibition of SGLT2‐mediated reuptake of filtered glucose in the kidney. This unique mechanism of action is also expected to result in other beneficial effects, such as weight loss and blood pressure reduction. In various studies, including randomized controlled trials and real‐world studies, patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors have reported weight loss of around 1 to 3 kg. This review describes the characteristics of weight loss associated with SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, the clinical factors affecting SGLT2 inhibitor‐associated weight loss and the possible underlying mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitor‐associated weight loss, including changes in metabolism and body composition, and the role of a reduction in insulin dose and compensatory hyperphagia. Understanding the weight loss effect of SGLT2 inhibitors, its related factors and underlying mechanisms can aid clinicians in optimal treatment decision‐making, provide valuable insight on both obesity and diabetes management and reveal areas of future research and new therapeutic options.


A group decision process is developed that allocates an available budget to health programs based on program effectiveness. The program effectiveness is measured by comparing alternative programs at various funding levels with respect to the weighted objectives of the health care organization. The organizational objectives are weighted by a constant-sum paired comparisons scaling technique. An integer programming formulation allows the decision makers to maximize program effectiveness within the given budgetary, resource, regulatory, and program structure constraints. The Effectiveness Evaluation-Resource Allocation Process ERAP is validated by actual decision making teams testing four processes for resource allocation. An example from the validation experiment is presented to demonstrate the process.


statistically significant in comparison with P F demonstrated a greater therapeutic efficacy than FCT, with a difference statistically significant, as regards both endoscopic and clinical response. Neverthe-less, further controlled investigations are needed to improve our knowledges about the therapeutic action of antifungal drugs in the treatment of Candida esophagitis in HIV disease.


Reverence for hard work is not simply a decorative gimmick, but core to the WeWork philosophy. The imperative to hustle reflects the way the founders see (and wish to shape) the future of work. Meanwhile, WeWork's popularity is driven—in part—by the increasing atomization of labor, across income brackets. By offering workers an alternative to days spent alone behind a computer, Neumann and McKelvey discovered they could turn a profit by exploiting one of the defining features of work's so-called future: isolation.


Two records of mature female Aulopus filamentosus confirm the presence of the species in Tunisian waters. The specimens were captured in the Gulf of Tunis, that constitutes the northernmost extension range of the species in the area.


The small cytokine/growth factor, migration inhibitory factor(MIF) has recently been found to be a central participant in pro‐growth and metastatic tumor processes. To date, there is only one other known MIF family member, D‐dopachrome tautomerase(D‐DT). Among the many transcriptional targets that we have identified for MIF, one of the most intriguing is the Wnt signaling pathway component,[beta]‐catenin. We now have evidence that suggests that D‐DT functions in a similar manner as MIF and may in fact synergize to enhance MIF's pro‐tumorigenic functions. Because [beta]‐catenin/TCF‐mediated transcription reportedly plays a central role in the development and maintenance of nearly all colorectal carcinomas(CRC), we sought to determine whether D‐DT could influence Wnt signaling in CRC. We now report that forced change of D‐DT in CRC cell lines effects [beta]‐catenin nuclear translocation accompanied by a significant change in cyclooxygenase‐2(Cox‐2) expression. Our studies reveal a novel regulatory role for this new cytokine/growth factor in Wnt signal transduction and the malignant phenotype(s) it promotes.


With the revival of interest in integrative learning approaches in some parts of the world, initiatives in integrating music learning with other art forms or non-arts disciplines are gaining increased attention in Hong Kong schools, whether primary or secondary. The initiatives may be that of the schools (top down), that of the teachers (bottom up), or that of other arts/non-arts organizations (outside-in). Terminology including integrated arts learning, arts education, arts across the curriculum, and cross curriculum arts education may be used to denote these initiatives and all may incorporate elements of music learning. How much value this has to music learning is of interests to music educators. This paper reports on the case studies involving two primary schools which hold different principles in education. In the two school cases, classes which were designed with integrative learning incorporating music, other art form and / or non art subjects were observed to see how arts education across the curriculum has been implemented by music teachers. A questionnaire was administered to all students after they have participated in these classes to retrieve collective quantitative data to see the impact of integrative learning on students. Teachers involved were interviewed to reveal their perspectives regarding pedagogy and values they hold in these initiatives.


Since B-spline has the advantages of compactedness,good smoothness and explicit expression,it is simple to calculate coefficient matrix in the solution of differential equations with B-spline,thus the efficiency of calculation will be improved.Based on above advantages,we construct cubic B-spline basic functions,and solve two-point boundary value problems by finite element thoughts.It is calculated by numerical experiments that cubic B-spline finite element method has third-order convergence precision in H1 semi norm and fourth-order convergence precision in L2 norm.Then it is concluded that cubic B-spline finite element method has optimal L2 convergence order.