The identification of factors underlying complex trait variation is a major goal in the field of genetics. For normally distributed, fully observed trait data there are many well established statistical methods for partitioning phenotypic variation and for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL). Survival or time-to-event traits often follow non-normal distributions and frequently contain partially-known (or censored) trait data. If standard statistical methods are used to analyse age at onset data a bias can be introduced through a failure to account for the non-normal distribution of the data and the presence of censoring. Complex statistical methods have been developed to partition trait variation and map QTL for age at onset or survival traits. In this thesis, the use of these survival analysis methods is compared to more established statistical methods for the analysis of age-at-onset data. A brief introduction to the analysis of human variation and the issues associated with the analysis of age at onset data is given. The methods currently used to partition trait variation and map QTL for survival traits are discussed (Chapter 1). Age-specific penetrances can be used to model the age-at-onset of disease in unaffected individuals. This parametric method is used to identify loci underlying susceptibility to a novel co-morbid psychiatric phenotype (depression and unexplained swelling). The method is compared to a non-parametric variance component (VC) QTL mapping method that does not account for the age at onset of the disease. Parametric linkage analysis identified two suggestive


The overall objective of these experiments is to examine the fracture initiation behavior of various kinds of defects in line pipe by determining the relationship between the size of a given defect and the level of internal pressure at which it will cause a leak or a rupture in the pipe. To date, 278 full-scale pipe tests have been conducted. Of these 86 have been tests of through-wall defects, 45 have been tests of defects partway through the wall, and 147 have been special-purpose tests involving defects such as gouges and dents, corrosion, and others. The diameters of the pipe materials examined have ranged from 6-5/8 inches through 42 inches and the wall thicknesses have ranged from 0.188 inch through 0.875 inch. The materials have ranged in yield strength from about 25,000 psi for API5L Grade A-25 through SLX Grade X-65 and have included some experimental X-100 materials.


Objective A cross sectional investigation for the knowledge of tumors among Tianjin inhabitants was conducted in order to provide basis of cancer prevention and intervention in future Methods Total 744 participants were randomly sampled from a permanent community population aged above 30 years old,and interviewed face to face with the questionnaire on the early symptoms of cancer,knowledge of cancer prevention and breast cancer associated questions Results Through analyzing the factors of age,educational level and occupations,it was indicated that the inhabitants knew something about cancer,but the general ratio of cancer knowledge was low,especially the mean score was rather lower in the age group under 39 years old and above 60 years old. Moreover,the score showed an increasing trend accompanied with educational level,and there is no significant difference between different job groups The findings also revealed that the female was still short of the knowledge about self examination of breast cancer Conclusion We should draw up different strategies to different objectives during cancer prevention and intervention and health education in future,so as to increase the consciousness and levels of early diagnosis and early therapy on cancers Especially,we should actively perform the secondary prevention of breast cancer to improve the female's awareness of cancer prevention


We have undertaken theoretical studies of spin and orbital magnetic moments as well as magnetic anisotropy energies for ${M}_{13}$ $(M=\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})$ and ${M}_{13}{\text{Pt}}_{n}$ $(n=3,4,5,20)$ clusters including the spin-orbit coupling in the framework of density functional theory. For all ${M}_{13}$ clusters considered we find tendencies for small structural distortions which can be characterized by either Jahn-Teller (JT) or Mackay transformations (MT). The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) along with the spin and orbital moments are calculated for ${M}_{13}$ icosahedral clusters and the angle-dependent energy differences are modeled using a N\'eel model with local anisotropies. From our studies, the MAE for JT-distorted ${M}_{13}$ clusters are found to be larger relative to the MT clusters and more than two orders of magnitude larger compared to the corresponding bcc or fcc bulk values. In addition, we demonstrate for one example that Pt capping may further enhance the MAE compared to the uncapped JT- and the Mackay-distorted ${\text{Fe}}_{13}$ cluster.


Background and Objective: Since it is essential for the research policy makers to acquire knowledge about the global ranks of their countries in in Pathology and Forensic Medicine subject areas, scientometrics experts have been always ranking and analyzing countries on the basis of 'total number of papers', 'total number of citations' and 'citations per paper', etc. Materials and Methods: The data in SCImago has been used to analyze and evaluate the global ranks of Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, India, Pakistan, South Korea and South Africa. These countries had a similar growth trend in many indicators of science and technology in the past. Results: This article mainly deals with the extent of presence of these countries in Pathology and Forensic Medicine subject areas, their international global ranks and comparing them with each other. Furthermore, data show that these countries had a different situation considering "citations per Document"; because it did not match with their "number of Document" and "total number of citations" to their papers and did not increase accordingly. "Citations per Document" is considered as one of the most important indicators which show the average number of citations to each document. Conclusion: The situation of Iran under the study seemed to be better in some areas such as 'Cite per Documents' than their situation in other areas; however, this point should be taken into consideration that they did not have an equal presence in all areas.


The aim of this study was to characterize the nuclear atypia of cells for oral cancer in order to establish its new diagnostic criterion from a data analysis point of views, 171 exfoliative normal oral epithelium cells (BEN) from nine cases and 290 exfoliative squamous cell carcinoma cells (MAL) from 15 cases were sampled and examined. After Feulgen staining the nuclear DNA were measured by an autoscanning microphotometer connected to a computer. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to these measurements. The analysis consisted of 1) analyzing the nuclear atypia of MAL from its varied aspects, 2) detecting MAL by using the linear discriminant analysis, and 3) establishing diagnostic criterion of the cases rather than the cells. The atypia scores of the cells were treated in each case and the malignancy score (MGD: the degree of deviation from the barycenter of the normal cases) was calculated and predicted based upon the mean score of one case and the score of the cell with the severest atypia of this case.This method was applied to 24 new cases and the diagnostic results were evaluated 2/3 of the normal cases and 1/2 of the cases of mild dysplasia were evaluated benign, whereas 1/2 of the cases of severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ and 17/17 of invasive carcinoma were evaluated malignant. Satistical study was attempted on the relationship between the diagnostic results obtained by the present method and the following; 1) level of histological differentiation and 2) clinical course. When MGD values of squamous cell carcinoma cases were compared with the calssification of Broders, Broders I group showed a tendency of having a lower value than those of groups II, I, and IV. As for the clinical course of invasive carcinoma cases, a comparison was made of the MGD values of the surviving satisfactory group showing neither recurrence nor metastasis during the follow-up period of more than two years and of those of the unsatisfactory group which died of tumor. The results of this comparison showed that the MGD values of the unsatisfactory group had a tendti to have a higher value than that of the satisfactory group. This approach of cytoanalysis was useful for the diagnosis and the prognostic estimation of oral cancer.


Liver cirrhosis is defined as a diffuse process, which is characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture to abnormal nodules. For the purposes of this paper was used data from the Institute for Public Health in Prilep, Republic of North Macedonia in the period of 2014 to 2018. The data were analyzed and processed epidemiologically, descriptively and statistically. The total number of hospitalized patients in the analyzed period is 107 patients. The highest number of cases was registered in 2015 with 31 patients ie 29% and the lowest number in 2018 with 9 patients or 8%. According to gender, cirrhosis affected men more - 79 patients (74%) than women - 28 patients (26%). According to the age structure, the most of the cases were from 55 to 64 years old – 55 patients (51%). According to the etiological distribution, alcohol is the main cause of cirrhosis in Prilep region - 59 cases (55%). According to the hospitalization ie the number of hospital days, over a period of 5 years the number of hospital days is 432. In other patients the exact cause of cirrhosis has not been established. Analysis shows that the risk and severity of liver complications endanger life and quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality.


Working knowledge of Federal and State Fish and Wildlife regulations and other laws are critical for today's commercial applicator in the vertebrate pest control business. The everchanging focus on environmental protection, endangered species considerations, occupational health and safety, and animal rights have put vertebrate pest control operators in the precarious position of correctly interpreting the steady stream of laws and regulations passed by government. The consequences of failing to stay abreast of these changing regulations and correctly interpreting them can lead to very costly fines and possible imprisonment. Maintaining close contact with the many agencies that regulate the pest control industry and their enforcement personnel is essential to navigating and promoting a successful, long-term business in today's hostile, anti-business environment.


Tests and analyses were conducted to characterize the physical, chemical, exothermic, and leaching properties of solid residues from bubbling bed atmospheric fluidized bed combustion units. The residues were produced during the combustion of eastern Canadian high-sulphur bituminous coals (4–8% sulphur) in a bed of eastern Canadian limestone. The residues were highly buffered and composed primarily of calcium and sulphur salts. They were exothermic and swelled considerably when contacted with water. Leachates generated during 20-cycle serial batch leaching tests were highly alkaline with high total dissolved solids concentrations, primarily calcium and sulphate ions. Column leaching test results and field observations suggest reactions may continue to occur over several months until the residues eventually solidify. The residues have properties that are unique, in comparison with conventional pulverized coal combustion wastes. Key words: fluidized bed combustion, ash, leaching.


Silicon is an important micronutrient associated with the development of bone and connective tissue. This article discusses the properties of silicon, its absorption in the human body and its current and potential use in wound management.


[Minimum deterrence is one of the important ingredients of the deterrent concept associated with nuclear weapons. Although neither the Soviet Union nor the US opted for minimum deterrence during the Cold War era since they were extremely involved in strategic overkill force competition, the concept originated when few critiqued the mad race between the two Cold War rivals and proposed an alternative that could serve the purpose of deterrence without risking nuclear war. This alternative conceptual policy posture paved the way as part of nuclear learning in South Asia where both India and Pakistan opted for minimum deterrence. The conceptualized policy option of minimum deterrence embedded well with the introduction of nuclear weapons in South Asia played an essential role in sustaining deterrence stability between the two countries. However, there is a fear that due to various factors, the contours of minimum deterrence in South Asia might change and minimum may no longer stay the minimum, which in turn could undermine the promising strategic stability passed by the Waltzian teaching of nuclear peace. This article conceptually discusses the changing contours of minimum deterrence in South Asia, its strategic treatment and the factors that could eventually undermine the dynamics of policy option conceptualized earlier. This article concludes that the unjust attitudes of international community favoring one side against the other, the absence of criteria based approach, and the strategic pressure on Pakistan pulling it into arms competition undermine the dynamics of minimum deterrence and strategic stability in South Asia. – Author.]


The representation theory of a semisimple group G, from an algebraic point of view, reduces to determining the fi'nite dimensional representation of the centralizer Ut of the maximal compact subgroup K of G in the universal enveloping algebra U of the Lie algebra g of G. The theory of spherical representations has been determined in this way since by a result of Harish-Chandra Ut modulo a suitable ideal I is isomorphic to the ring of Weyl group W invariants U(a)w in a suitable polynomial ring U(a). To deal with the general case one must determine the image of Ut in U(t) 0 U(a) where f is the Lie algebra of K. We prove that if W is replaced by the KunzeStein intertwining operators W then Ut suitably localized and completed is indeed isomorphic to U(r) e U(a)w suitably localized and completed.


Mao understands capitalism from moral,political and economic point,in which he particularly emphasizes political views to capitalism.In his political point to capitalism,making using of capitalism to develop productive force is the marrow,which has profound meaning.Mao's correct understanding of capitalism is one of the most important results of Marxism applied to China.Mao' s understanding of Chinese capitalism has dual characters,which is interlocked with strategy and tactics.He mainly understands Chinese capita


This paper proposes a method to extend the constant torque speed region of the interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs). For a high power-density and large constant power speed region, IPMSMs utilize both the reluctance and magnetic torques. To generate enough reluctance torque, the input impedance of IPMSMs is inductive. This decreases the power factor of the inverter, so field-weakening current increases at high-speed region. For this reason, the operating area is limited and the conduction loss increases. This paper proposes the impedance cancelling method using a capacitor power network. In this way, the constant torque speed region of IPMSM is extended. So, the maximum output power increases. Also, the conduction loss decreases at the previously field-weakening region when the capacitor network is not used. The principles how the capacitor network operates are explained. To operate with the capacitor network, the design method and the control method are presented. To verify the theoretical results, experimental results are presented.


In this paper, the design and measurement of a broadband TE01 mode input coupler for Ka-band MW-level coaxial gyrotron travelling wave tubes (gyro-TWTs) are presented. The measured results agree well with the simulated results. The measured -10 dB reflection bandwidth is 4.7 GHz (27.5-32.2 GHz), and the transmission is over -0.5 dB in this band.


The invention relates to an organizer for complex categorizations. The development of computer science in general and the Internet in particular has led to an ever-increasing amount of information being made available to a large number of people, many of whom are not computer experts. As a result, new and improved mechanisms are required in order to organize said information and facilitate searches. The invention relates specifically to a type of organization for sets of entities, such as for example, objects, concepts, ideas, terms or other entities, which facilitates the conceptualization of classifications and the implementation of searches. In particular, the invention facilitates the formation of systematic categorizations which contain different criteria for organizing information, as well as facilitating the checking and use thereof by the user.


Purpose:To investigate the prognostic factors f or local-regional control and survival in patients with regional lymph nodes re currence following mastectomy. Methods:Seventy-seven patients with their first recurrences in the regional lymph nodes treated during 1994-2003 were retrospectively analyze d. The recurrence were confined to supraclavicular region in 45 patients, in axi llary nodes in 16 patients, in internal mammary nodes in 6 patients, and with mo re than one lymph node region involved in 10 patients. The median follow-up was 34.4months. All patients were treated with radiotherapy to a total dose ranged from 50-74 Gy with a median dose of 60 Gy. Results:The median survival time was 4.67 years with 2-,5-an d 8- year survival rate of 77.8%,47.4% and 31.5% respectively. Disease-free i nterval, hormonal-receptor status were independent prognostic factors for survi val. Thirty patients had a second recurrence either in the original recurrent si te (4 patients) or in the other local-regional sites (26 patients). Chest-wall was the most frequently involved site for second recurrence, with 18 patients h ad a second recurrence including chest-wall, representing 23% of the whole coho rt. The axillary lymph nodes metastatic status of primary surgery was the only i ndependent prognostic factor for local control. Conclusions:Radiotherapy provides an efficient treatment for re gional lymph nodes recurrence following mastectomy. Twenty-three percent of pat ients present a second recurrence involving chest-wall, which suggests the sign ificance of an elective radiation to the chest-wall, especially in patients wit h 4 or more lymph nodes involved in primary surgery. Sub-group with a disease- free interval of more than 2 years, receptor positive has a better survival. The role of systemic treatment in the regional lymph nodes recurrent patients has n ot been established.


This paper aims at the relations of civilization to wilderness in Wuthering Heights.By centering around the unity of Hareton and young Cathy,we shall argue that civilization is a process of negating wilderness and reconcilement with wildness.This paper is largely a rudimentary step to conclude that wilderness can be tamed,and love can overcome all obstacles and civilization will win at last.


In order to obtain information on the lateral buckling strength of stainless steel I-beams to propose the design formulae for the stability factors, this paper focuses on the overall buckling of laterally-unrestrained stainless steel I-beams. The design methods in current codes are discussed, and the results from these codes are compared with the finite element analysis (FEA) results. The influence from the material property on the overall stability of stainless steel beams is also investigated. Based on the FEA results, the design method on overall buckling strength of steel beams specified in the Chinese standard GB 50017-2003 is modified to calibrate the overall stability of stainless steel bending members with welded I-section. Through the comparison with EC3: 1993-1-4 and the FEA results, the proposed formulae in this paper are proved to be applicable in the design of overall stability of stainless steel bending members.


The possibilities of using public-private partnerships in scientific, technical and innovation spheres in the context of European integration processes have been substantiated. The European experience of using public-private partnership is considered. Four directions of application of public-private partnership are given: strategic cooperation in the spheres of social innovation and high technologies; ensuring interaction between science and business and transfer of technologies to the market turnover; smart support for business entities, private investment in research and innovation through partner financing and risk sharing between public and private partners; cluster-oriented policy.
It is proposed to supplement the public-private partnership with an international component, taking into account the investments of international organizations and international donors, and to introduce the concept of "international-public-private partnership" into scientific and practical circulation, and to introduce the "regime of international-public-private partnership" to stimulate investment attraction. An algorithm for the introduction of a regulatory regime for international-public-private partnership for the creation of an innovative infrastructure and the implementation of innovative projects is proposed.


Polyaniline/SiO2 composites were prepared by the SiO2 particles whose surface character was modified by succinic acid. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy, X–ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results demonstrated that the thermal stability of PANI had improved.


It was proposed in this paper, a new method o f range-measurement based on time-space domain. In this method,the pixel-detec tor is vibrated in high frequency, thus there is time information in the pixel -vibration,that is a transformation from time-domain to time-space domain.Thr ough it the range information could be obtained from the ratio of elementary w ave and secondary wave on the detector. This method is simple in principle, conv enient in operation and has high precision as well.


The chapters contain a critical analysis of behind the scene politics when India was forced to take over Sikkim and India's original plan for Sri Lanka and who changed them and why Operation Blue Star was a blunder who called in the tanks and why were they called in at all.


Analgesics can be administered in combination with caffeine for improved analgesic effectiveness in a process known as synergism. The mechanisms by which these combinations produce synergism are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the administration of diclofenac combined with caffeine produced antinociceptive synergism and whether opioid mechanisms played a role in this event. The formalin model was used to evaluate the antinociception produced by the oral administration of diclofenac, caffeine, or their combination. Opioid involvement was analyzed through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of naloxone followed by the oral administration of the study drugs. Diclofenac presented a dose-dependent effect, with a mean effective dose (ED50) of 6.7 mg/kg. Caffeine presented an analgesic effect with a 17–36% range. The combination of subeffective doses of each of the two drugs presented the greatest synergism with an effect of 57.7 ± 5.6%. The maximal antinociceptive effect was obtained with the combination of 10.0 mg/kg diclofenac and 1.0 mg/kg of caffeine, with an effect of 76.7 ± 5.6%. The i.c.v. administration of naloxone inhibited the effect of diclofenac, both separately and combined. In conclusion, caffeine produces antinociceptive synergism when administered in combination with diclofenac, and this synergism is partially mediated by opioid mechanisms at the central level.


Brain image registration is a key part of brain image processing, so the research of brain image registration technology has important value. This paper proposes a brain MR image registration algorithm based on an improved convolutional neural network (CNN). Firstly, the improved CNN is used to extract the feature points in the brain image. Thereafter, the feature pre-matching is performed by finding the nearest neighbors in the feature space. Finally, the registration result of the brain image is obtained by combining the space transformation and the interpolation function. The extensive experiments show the improved CNN method obtains the better results compared with the classic SIFT algorithm and SURF algorithm. At the same time, compared with the CNN algorithm, the mutual information (MI), normalized cross-correlation coefficient (NCC) and normalized mutual information (NMI) of the improved CNN are improved by 10.55%, 0.62% and 1.84%, respectively, while mean square difference (MSD) decreasing by 0.65%. The results show that the algorithm based on the improved CNN achieves higher quality of registration.


Technologies enabling communication between people and devices in close proximity are required for all modern user friendly gadgets. This paper demonstrates a design and implementation of Human Area Network technology that enables communication through human contact. Communication between mobile terminals and terminals that are embedded in the environment has become important. Use of cables is inconvenient as they can get tangled and are difficult to manage when used in Communication between devices which are in close proximity. When very weak radio signals are used for the communication, data speeds are reduced by packet collision in crowded places such as exhibition sites. There is also security risk from unwanted signal interception. For solving such problems we use body of a person as a signal path for communication. A transmission path is formed automatically when a person comes into contact with a device and communications between mobile terminals begin. The hardware setup for this paper contains Transmitter and Receiver unit. These units contain BT-42, 32 bit ARM 7 TDMI Processor, LM 358 and Power supply.  This platform consumes less power and it is cost effective. This concept will reduce load on other communication channels by introducing new communication mode.


The translations, while mostly accurate, show some mistakes, both semantic and syntactic, and also reflect pro- and anti-Roman intentions on the part of the various translators.


Flow separation control on oscillating airfoils is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of turbine blades. In this study, a genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the configuration of a pure suction jet actuator on an oscillating airfoil at a Reynolds number of 1.35×105. Neural networks based on multilayer perceptrons were used to train the aerodynamic coefficients as functions of the control parameters and reduce the number of simulations. The objective function was the mean performance coefficient, defined as the ratio of the average lift to the average drag during an oscillation period. The control parameters were location, velocity, opening length, and suction jet angle relative to the airfoil surface. The optimal jet had the maximum velocity and opening length and was normal to the airfoil surface. The optimal jet location was near the leading edge vortex (LEV) (between 3% and 6% of the chord). The optimum jet can increase the average performance coefficient (average ratio of lift to drag during a period) by about 24 times. The major part of this improvement is related to reducing drag force. The average lift coefficient increases from about 0.58 to about 0.92 using this jet, while the average drag coefficient decreases from about 0.23 to about 0.02. The optimal jet suppressed the dynamic stall vortex, which resulted from the combination of two clockwise vortices: LEV and turbulent separation vortex. Suppressing this vortex prevented the counterclockwise trailing edge vortex from growing at the end of the airfoil.


A general method of generating optimal trajectories between an initial and a final position of an n degree of freedom manipulator arm with nonlinear equations of motion is proposed. The method is based on the assumption that the time history of each of the coordinates can be expanded in a series of simple time functions. By searching over the coefficients of the terms in the expansion, trajectories which minimize the value of a given cost function can be obtained. The method has been applied to a planar three degree of freedom arm.


Abstract Tail autotomy has clear advantages regarding predator escape, but it also has several associated costs (i.e., impaired locomotion, loss of social status, and reduced growth and reproductive output). We examined the costs of severe autotomy on growth rates of hatchlings of the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus during the first weeks of postnatal development. Hatchlings from two populations in central Spain were autotomized on the fifth day after hatching and kept in common garden conditions for 35 days when they were measured again. Hatchlings from both populations, independently of the autotomy treatment, did not differ in the mass gained during the experiment. However, there were differences in body growth between tailless and tailed hatchlings; tailless hatchlings grew at a slower rate than tailed ones, after controlling for the effects of body condition at the onset of the experiment and the resources assimilated. Moreover, independently of their population of origin, hatchlings that invested more in body growth also invested more in regenerating their tails, and no trade-offs were apparent. Because hatchlings were housed in common garden conditions, this result could be attributable to differences in individual capacity to obtain and assimilate resources.


By the literature method,the research summarized the research achievement and the new trend on the technique of middle-long distance run at home and abroad.The result shows the research of middle-long distance run lacks breakthrough and new ideas recently.The main expression is to explore the kinematic character of even pace thchnique of runners of middle-long distance run from two-dimensional plane,but lacks the study of thress-dimensional space characters of kinematics and kinetics for the even pace technique of runners.On the basis of it,the author looks ahead the research direction of the technique of middle-long distance run.


As we proceed into the 21st century, the science of paleontology has achieved a remarkable prominence and popularity, providing increasingly detailed perspective on critical biological and geological processes. Spectacular new discoveries excite the imagination and spur new investigations, while more abundant fossils studied using new techniques enable more precise interpretations of diversity, variation, changes through time, and responses to geological and climatic factors. Paleontology presently enjoys a new "Golden Age," progressing by leaps while also serving, as always, to inspire young minds to explore science and the natural world. Yet at the outset of the millennium, three interconnected, troubling challenges confront paleontologists: 1) a shrinking job market, 2) diminishing funding sources, and 3) heightened commercial-


The chemical composition of marjoram essential oil (Origanum majorana L.) was determined by GC/FID and GC/MS. As major compounds of the oil terpinen-4-ol (21.3%), trans-sabinene hydrate (15.5%), γ-terpinene (14.0%), and α-terpinene (8.9%) were identified. The odour profile and evaluation of marjoram essential oil was established. Marjoram oil has antiradical activity with regard to DPPH, exceeding that of the phenolic component thymol. The oil exhibited scavenging effect on the hydroxyl radicals (OH•), as well, which substantially exceeded that towards the DPPH radical - the respective concentrations for 50% inhibition of the radicals (IC50) were 0.11μg/mL for OH• and 341.0μg/mL for DPPH. Marjoram essential oil was capable of antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid emulsion model system, where at concentration of 0.05% it inhibited conjugated dienes formation by 50.00% and the generation of linoleic acid secondary oxidized products by 79.85%.


This article has discussed the mapping method from the angle of methodology, and analyzed its actions in solving mathematics problems.


In the treatment of the medial compartment osteoarthritic knee, lateral wedged insoles are prescribed very frequently, but the degree of hardness of the insole is usually determined based on the physician's experience alone. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of differences in the hardness of wedged insoles on the thrust of the knee and on the center of force of the foot on an osteoarthritic knee.We investigated 25 subjects with normal knees demonstrating lateral thrust and wedges of varying hardness were used. We used accelerometric techniques to evaluate the lateral thrust of the knee while walking. We also simultaneously evaluated the center of force of the foot by using the F-scan system.When compared with no insole, the first acceleration peak did not reduce significantly with the use by using an insole made of soft material, but was significantly reduced with an insole made of hard material of used. The center of force of the foot had also was not significantly shifted laterally with an insole of soft material, but was found to have significantly shifted laterally with an insole of made hard material.


Aiming at the Electroencephalogram(EEG) classification,a classification method based on batch incremental support vector machine(BISVM) was proposed in brain computer interfaces(BCIs).All training data were grouped by batch processing and the initial SVM classifier model was set up using the first group.The remaining groups of data were added into the first group orderly as new samples.An incremental learning and decremental learning process was adopted to samples which meet the KKT condition.The initial SVM classifier model was updated by continuously estimating KKT condition,updating the parameters,discarding the error samples.Based on the 2008 BCI Competition Dataset and our experimental EEG data,features were extracted by wavelet packet decomposition(WPD) and common spatial patterns(CSP).The SVM,ISVM and BISVM were used to classify these features.Experimental results show that the average classification accuracy of the BISVM is 3.3% and 0.3% higher than the SVM and ISVM respectively.The average training time of the BISVM is shortened from 1.076 s seconds to 0.073 s seconds compared to the ISVM.The BISVM can not only improve the adaptability of a computer to human brain but also lay the foundation to the realization of a fast,real-time and online BCI system.


Computing a complex dataset analysis is tedious task because distributed resource management is difficult task. Google disperses the registering utilized by BigQuery across process assets powerfully which implies that we don't need to oversee figure asset, for example, bunches, register motor, stockpiling structure. Fighting commitments customarily require custom estimating (and esteeming) of unequivocal procedure gatherings, and this can change after some time which can be trying. Since Google logically assigns resources, costs are dynamic too. Google offers both a compensation all the more just as costs emerge elective where you pay for the data brought into BigQuery and subsequently per question costs. Since BigQuery is a totally managed organization, the backend game plan and tuning is managed by Google. This is much more direct than battling plans that anticipate that you should pick a number and sort of gatherings to make and to administer after some time. BigQuery consequently recreates information between zones to empower high accessibility. It additionally naturally load adjusts to give ideal execution and to limit the effect of any equipment disappointments. So getting benefits of BigQuery we did complex data analysis in huge amount of data set within a friction of second. Our result is showing the capability of our research work in the field of scalable data processing. keyword: BigQuery, ETL(Extraction, Transformation, load), Batch Processing, distributed processing etc.


. The advancement of maltreatment of opiates and unlawful medications in Indonesia is expanding far and wide and shows an increment from one year to another. Accurate data regarding the magnitude of drug abuse in general does not yet exist. However, it is estimated that in recent years the number of cases of drug abuse has increased. In the police there is a classification of light, medium and difficult crimes. However, the problem is that the application of the rules for handling light, medium and difficult cases does not change the form of accountability. What has changed is only a limitation on the use of the budget to handle a case. This means that the determination of the value of light/moderate/severe cases is only an addition to the rules that limit the number of cases handled, not part of the form of accountability as intended. The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the mechanism of budget submission in handling drug cases; (2) Analyzing the form of accountability for the use of funds for the settlement of drug cases to create a clean and transparent professional performance. The method used in this research is normative law, namely by making a classification of written legal.


The perturbation factors and their effect on flow stability tend to be complicated when the liquid films is under the effect of thermal non - equilibrium and shear stress at the interfaces.The theoretical model of sheared liquid films under the thermal non - equilibrium effect was formulated based on the boundary theory.With the integral method including the weakly nonlinear items in boundary model,the integral evolution equation of surface waves was established in present paper,which including the effect of phase change intensity,hear stress,Reynolds number and inclined angle.The present model provides a theoretical method for better understanding for evolution behavior and flow stability under complex boundary conditions.


in February 1968. Hitherto, claims that the film-makers thereby anticipated the cataclysmic Events later in the year have seemed more like ex post facto expressions of solidarity than real intimations of revolution, but that is because we have not looked closely enough or in the right way either at the Events or at the aesthetics of the period. For Higgins, Langlois is exemplary because he knew how to face one way whilst walking in the


A rigorous Lie group analysis is presented for the system of partial differential equations governing the heat and mass transfer in natural convection fluid flow of a non-Newtonian power-law fluid past an inclined surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation and chemical reaction effects. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations by the derived similarity variables. The numerical results are presented using fourth order Runge-Kutta method by MATLAB coding in the graphical form to show the effects of material parameters of the problem on the solution. It is observed that for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid the back flow occurs. Also it is found that the velocity, temperature and concentration become unstable for non-Newtonian fluids.


. e en f a e eeg., of eof a Abstract In today's cellular networks it becomes harder to provide the resources exactly in the place and at the time where and when they are needed. Frequency planning for a hierarchical cellular network, especially to cover hot-spots and indoor areas is a complicated and expensive task. We propose the use of Total Frequency Hopping in combination with Adaptive Frequency Allocation for picocells in a hierarchical GSM network and present an interference analysis that indicates a considerable interference reduction gain by AFA. Moreover, we investigate the optimal number of frequencies to be reused by the picocells in the considered network configurations. Thereby, solely by reusing frequencies that are already allocated to the macroand microcell layers, an existing network can carry an additional indoor traffic of more than 300 Erlang/km 2 in picocells while achieving the same performance like in the macroand microcells without frequency planning.


Shortage of crushed rock as pavement base course for road construction and an increase in fuel cost have prompted the search for alternative materials. In this regard, improvements of the lateritic soil cement (LSC) have been investigated. Many researches have focused on study of the properties of the stabilized soil. However, more researches have to be done in order to explain how soil properties have improved. The production of crushed rock involves drilling, blasting, crushing and transportation, which are the cause of environmental problems. The objective is to use the improved lateritic soil instead of crushed rock as the base course material for highway pavement construction. In order to understand why the LSC has higher strength, microstructure of LSC composite was investigated by X-ray diffraction machine (XRD) and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The improvement of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of LSC composite was also evaluated. As regards the application aspect, the results show that cement mixed lateritic soils are suitable for base course construction. The investigation also shows that increase in UCS was attributed to the cement hydration within soil mass, resulting in the formation of reaction products as analyzed by XRD. It was also found that UCS was proportionally increased with the amount of the major reaction products such as calcium silicate hydrate (CSH).


One reason companies implement internal controls is to reduce the likelihood of unethical behavior. Yet, ego depletion theory suggests that some controls may cause reductions in employees' self-control, which could undermine the ability of controls to reduce unethical behavior. We examine whether various types of controls impact self-control and ethical judgments. Our results show that contrary to the ego depletion hypothesis, we find no significant relation between self-control and internal controls. Furthermore, we find that controls have no effect on ethical judgments or ethical ideology. Thus, our results suggest that internal controls do not differentially impact self-control and ethical decision-making.


We present herein an efficient synthetic protocol involving iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of organolithium compounds with vinyl halides as key coupling partners. More than 30 examples were obtained with moderate to good yields and high stereoselectivities. The practicality of this method is evidenced by a gram-scale synthesis. In addition, a preliminary mechanistic investigation was also performed.


It introduces the single-phase asynchronous motor stator connection with steering problems are discussed,the rotor rotating direction and rotating direction and synthesis of magnetic field were analyzed,discussed the two windings of the magnetic field can be synthesized in counterclockwise direction.


Computers & Engineering could be a leading round the world that concentrate on primarily all the sphere of science. thanks to the recent advances of various associated with careful finding out or deep thinking ways that of doing things applied so as to face with provide chain connected issues, the aim of this work is to check with attention on the availability chain employing a bibliometric approach that may establish the leading general ways that things moving into this space by analysing the foremost vital analysis establishments and countries. The work additionally develops a graphical mapping of the associated with a listing of references material by victimisation the seeing in your mind of things that virtually an equivalent as alternative things, (VOS) viewer software package. With this software package, the study analyses associated with a listing of references coupling, co-event of individuals UN agency work to seek out data and establishments and the way they're connected with each other mathematical relationship-related works through co-citation analysis. The results purpose show that Computers and industrial management has the fourth highest variety of analysis, during this space among leading establishments and individual employees in provide Chain, and China and Asian country the leading countries whereas Taiwan and Singapore have the best per person. that the bibliometric study of contemporary generation in laptop and engineering, to understand the standard of being terribly getting ready to the reality or true variety of round the world required and it's abundantly necessary for each individuals


The principle of "equitable geographical distribution" (EGD) in the UN "family" of organizations appears to derive formally from the Charter of the United Nations itself (which, in turn, follows League of Nations precedent). Article 23 of the Charter specifies that, in electing the ten "other Members" of the Security Council, the General Assembly shall give " ... due regard ... to equitable geographical distribution."l EGD is then a concept for a UN plenary body to keep in mind when it is selecting the members of a subordinate body. Which members should be on the subordinate body and accordingly making a direct input, and which members should not have that direct opportunity becomes a procedural matter of utmost importance. Failure to observe the EGO requirement can be interpreted as an anti-democratic move, a move to protect an "establishment" at the expense of other states. Only EGD provides an impartial basis for membership, one that does not suggest there are "superiors" and "inferiors" or "second-class citizens" in the organization. As Nicholas stated, "A practice so tenaciously retained eVer since 1919 obviously reflects something real, even if it is only, in a great many cases, the reality of group feelings, racial pride or prejudice, regional or cultural tradition."z Whatever meaning EGD had when the UN was first formed in the 1940's appears to be largely irrelevant now. The proliferation of new states in the 1950's and 1960's has meant that EGD is now used to indicate a requirement for representation by the Third World states. The fact that Non-Third World states are also geographically dispersed has been of no consequence to the new pro-EGD voices; a cry for EGD today is a cry for more representation by the Third World. This cry, in turn, usually brings forth denunciations from Non-Third World sources that EGD will result in "ministates" controlling the world forums through majority votes or that the major powers, who make the bulk of the financial contributions, will be largely unable to obtain their wishes. For example, a New York Times' article on the UN Assembly's 24th Session stated that:


Demands of mobile data is ever increasing. To handle these demands operators have to deploy additional base stations such as microcell, picocells and femtocells. Deployment of these low power base stations not only improves network capacity but also improves energy efficiency in a cost effective manner. When multiple base stations are available in the vicinity, mobile users have to associate themselves to one of these base stations. This process of association is commonly known as cell selection scheme. Based on the association, users are assigned transmit power and bandwidth from target base stations. Additionally, the sum traffic passes through the backhaul connecting base station and core network depends upon the users associated with that base station. In this paper, we study the energy efficiency aspect of cell selection schemes for femtocell networks. We also look into the limited femtocell backhaul capacity constraint when user association is done. Obtained results are verified using extensive simulations.


This book is an accessible, but also a scholarly and extremely well-written introduction to the great ideas of modern logic. While the central results are the famed proofs of Gödel, Stillwell does a masterful job of relating that work not only to Gödel's contemporaries, such as Post, Turing, Church, Tarski, Gentzen, and von Neumann, but also to modern researchers in the foundations of mathematics (Friedman, Woodin, and others). Chapter 6 on natural unprovable sentences is a gem: there he discusses the connection between important theorems of graph theory, such as Kruskal's Theorem on trees and the Robertson–Seymour work on graph minors and finite families of forbidden subgraphs for surface embeddings of graphs, and the concept of logical strength. The main point is that these results go beyond Peano arithmetic (PA), which suffices for all of classical graph theory. The last chapter discusses, in a nontechnical way, work involving extending set theory by large cardinal axioms. Here one finds an intriguing result of P. Dehornoy about orderings of braids. That result is not beyond PA, but the motivation for the work came from the study of very large cardinals; Dehornoy believes that this is the natural approach to this finitary topic. The sections are short, allowing focus on a single concept at a time. Now these concepts—such as cut-elimination, proofs of completeness or incompleteness of logical systems, and proofs of consistency or proofs that proofs of consistency do not exist—can be intricate and might be difficult for readers unfamiliar with logic. But for those who have had a course in mathematical logic the book provides a welcome guide to the big picture. Even for difficult concepts, the author has done a remarkable job of distilling the central ideas so that they seem natural. Most of the sections begins with an intriguing quote. For example, the first such is by Herman Melville: "it is hard to be finite upon an infinite subject, and all subjects are infinite." In §4.7 we find an excerpt from a 1956 letter from Gödel to von Neumann where the subject of computational complexity is raised. Gödel talks only about linear or polynomial time, but he is quite close to the central idea of polynomialtime complexity and the question whether the satisfiability problem (the epitome of an NP-complete problem) is solvable in polynomial time. A main focus of the book is the idea of a consistency proof and how, despite the prominence of Gödel's negative results, such proofs are not impossible to find. The seminal work here is due to G. Gentzen, who in 1936 proved that the consistency of Peano's axioms (Con(PA)) can be proved provided one allows induction beyond the finite all the way to ε0, a certain infinite ordinal. This important countable ordinal is the least ordinal greater than each of ω, ω, ω ω , . . . . (ω is the first infinite ordinal:


We present the small-scale (0.01 Mpc < r < 8 h-1 Mpc) projected correlation function wp(rp) and real-space correlation function ξ(r) of 24,520 luminous early-type galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) sample (0.16 < z < 0.36). "Fiber collision" incompleteness of the SDSS spectroscopic sample at scales smaller than 55'' prevents measurements of the correlation function for LRGs on scales smaller than ~0.3 Mpc by the usual methods. In this work, we cross-correlate the spectroscopic sample with the imaging sample, with a weighting scheme to account for the collisions, extensively tested against mock catalogs. We correct for photometric biases in the SDSS imaging of close galaxy pairs. We find that the correlation function ξ(r) is surprisingly close to a r-2 power law over more than 4 orders of magnitude in separation r. This result is too steep at small scales to be explained in current versions of the halo model for galaxy clustering. We infer an LRG-LRG merger rate of ≲0.6 × 104 Gyr-1 Gpc-3 for this sample. This result suggests that the LRG-LRG mergers are not the main mode of mass growth for LRGs at z < 0.36.


IN ENGLAND the legal omnipotence of the King in Parliament means that there is no constitutional impediment to the delegation of legislative and judicial powers to the Executive. In the sixteenth centurya period of rapid social and economic change-Parliament was already conferring sweeping legislative powers upon the Crown. And if by the eighteenth century parliamentary delegation of powers had become much less liberal, the judicial powers bestowed upon the Commissioners of Customs and Excise sufficed to provoke Dr. Johnson into splenetic and immortal protest.1 With the vast extension of the functions of government in the nineteenth century, Parliament was compelled to delegate far-reaching powers to a variety of administrative authorities. This century has seen the legislative output of Parliament easily outstripped in bulk and complexity by subordinate legislation. The present article will deal with the delegation of legislative powers, and it may be useful at the outset to state what the principal forms of delegated legislation are today. Legislative powers may be delegated to the Executive in one of two main forms: His Majesty may be empowered to make Orders in Council for specified purposes; or power to make regulations, rules, schemes, or orders for those purposes may be given to a named Minister. Since the Statutory Instruments Act, 1946,2 came into operation,3 all such Orders in Council and a large proportion of departmental regulations have been classified as "statutory instruments." Orders in Council are made at a formal meeting of the Privy Council. They do not differ in substance from departmental regulations, but it is sometimes appropriate to lend the dignity of an ancient institution to the making of an important legislative instrument. Also, it is usual for two particular types of delegated legislation to be made in Council: first, the fixing of the "appointed


ENDANG GUNAISAH . The penaeid shrimps resources and the prospects develpoment in the South Sorong Regency of West Irian Jaya Province.Supervised SUGENG HARI WISUDO and DOMU SIMBOLON. The South Sorong Regency is a new regency based on the Government Rules No : 26/2002 as a consequence of Sorong Regency expansion. The dominating fishery in this area is shrimps. However, it has not been fully optimized (Fishery Academic Sorong, 2004). The objectives of this study are : (1) To estimate the maximum sustainable yield. (2) To calculate the fishing effort feasibility. (3) To decide the optimum number of fishing unit. (4) To arrange the strategy of sustainable development policy. Swept area method, analysis of effort feasibility, linear goal programming and analytical hierarchy process were used to solve the problem. The result of research show that sustainable stock of penaeid shrimps based on the result analysis, can be concluded that is 12.778,174 ton/year. Shrimp fisheries in South Sorong Regency potential to be developed. To develop shrimp fisheries, the result analysis suggest allocation of fishing gear as below: number of vessel are approximately ketinting (219 units), jolor (217 units), johnson (25 units) and pkp (20 units). The alternative of strategy policy organized by priority as follow : capacity building to fisherman and cooperation with actor, to developed the fishing unit which sustainable of environment, to improve the penaeid shrimps productions, to improve facility and equipments, and to improve the market potency.


Abstract This article presents an edition with introduction and commentary of two unpublished letters that Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff wrote to the art historian and cultural scholar Aby Warburg in the 1920 s. The edition completes a correspondence that includes a letter from Warburg that has already been published several times. The two letters cast light on the hitherto barely known relation of Wilamowitz to Warburg himself and to his Kulturwissenschaftliche Bibliothek in Hamburg. They centre on the Warburg Library's special research interest, namely the influence of the ancient world on later cultural periods, especially the Renaissance.


Introduction: Intra-operative complications like torrential and uncontrollable blood loss are a nightmare for most of the surgeons. Intra-operative installation of topical tranexamic acid reduces the blood loss to a greater extent and decreases the requirement of blood transfusion. The present study is intended to study the effect of topical tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during abdominal hysterectomies. Objectives : To assess the efficacy of topical Tranexamic acid in reducing the perioperative blood loss in abdominal hysterectomy surgeries. Materials and Methods : It is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry. 100 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy where randomly assigned to two groups: 50 patients received 100 ml normal saline IV served as the control group and another 50 patients who received 1 g topical tranexamic acid applied intra abdominally during hysterectomy served as the study group. The primary outcome was to assess intra-operative and postoperative blood loss. Results : The study group (topical tranexamic acid application) showed marked reduction in intra-operative and post-operative blood loss (blood in the intra-abdominal drain) compared with control group (placebo group). Conclusion : Topical Tranexamic acid application helps to prevent blood loss during and after major surgeries. It is safe drug which can be used with acceptable rate of complications. It improves postoperative morbidity and mortality


In the last two decades Indian agriculture sector has been facing major challenges like deceleration in growth rate, inter-sectoral and inter-regional equity, declining input efficiency, degradation of natural resources, etc. with consequent and adverse effects on food and nutritional security, food inflation and poverty reduction. In the span of 11th five year Plan had some remarkable success in reversing and the deceleration of agricultural growth witnessed during the 9th and 10th Plan but food inflation stands as a major concern. The growth in agriculture sector during the 11th Five Year Plan is likely to be around 3.2 percent per year, which is higher than 10th Plan growth rate but lower than the target (4.0%) for 11th Plan. The 12th Plan growth target for the agriculture sector was set as 4 percent with food grains growth at about 2 percent and non-food grains sector growth about 5-6 percent. However, looking at the growth in agriculture sector in general and high-value agriculture, particularly, horticulture, fisheries, dairy and meat sector during the 11th Plan, there is a need to put additional efforts to reach the 4 percent growth in agriculture. The failure to achieve targeted growth in agriculture was a result of due to the inadequacies of the provision of the critical public goods such as research and development, extension services, surface irrigation, rural infrastructure, etc. on which agricultural growth thrives as well as inappropriate policies. In order to achieve the targeted growth in 12th Plan, we need to address some of these inadequacies. The agricultural sector requires substantial raise in investment in both the public and the private sector in agricultural research and development including extension, rural infrastructure, post-harvest and market infrastructure including storage and processing of agricultural products, reforms in laws related to land markets and marketing of agricultural products, and appropriate price policy. The cost of agricultural inputs such as irrigation, electricity for pumping water, fertilizer, etc. needs to be rationalized. The distribution aspects of the agricultural credit including the inter-regional and the inter-class inequalities in access to the credit, decline in rural branches, and declining share of direct credit, etc. must to be addressed. People's participation, which will help in promoting the bottom up of the approach in planning process and also help in the greater and faster diffusion of the technologies and to the best practices among farmers, community based on which actions and participation of disadvantaged sections of the society in developmental process, needs to be strengthened and enlightened.


A direct head of region elections (Pilkada) required accurate voters lists. A research in payakumbuh showed that the office of public registration (Kantor Catatan Sipil) and regional election commitee (KPUD). together with its district level commitee (PKK) and voting committee (PPS) play thier important roles in making voters registrations. The writer describes what factors causes the failure of the bureaucratic machines of the election institutions in doing their jobs to the success, especially, the fairness of the Pilkada. The writer gives some recomendation to solve this problem, for instance, giving the KPUD whole authority to handle the registrations.


For Arendt, science and culture are intimately interwoven. Science is 'anticipated in dreams'; in science-fiction writing, film and vernacular culture. This dreaming provides both the rationale and cultural and cognitive frame(s) in which to situate emerging technologies. Arendt evokes something of Benjamin's sense of the dream-state (see BuckMorss 1989) in which the imaginative and the material are complexly wrapped in the dynamic process of dreaming. Arendt's placement of the Sputnik's orbit in the wider context of popular dreams of space travel and extraterrestrial ism also addresses the temporal development of new science and the emergence of new technologies such as nanotechnology, in which 'dreams' are said to become 'reality'. For Arendt, this dreaming provides the discursive and ideological context in which such developments are positioned. New technologies are firmly rooted in, and yet challenge and potentially transform, 'the human condition'. Recently, the philosopher Jean-Pierre Dupuy (2005) has used Arendt's notion of the 'human condition' in a provocative call for a 'philosophical foundation of nanoethics'. Following Arendt, he suggests that 'men dream science before doing it and that these dreams . . . have a causal effect on the world and transform the human condition' (p. 6). His use of Arendt's notion of the human condition and her socio-political understanding of science and technology allow Dupuy to develop a powerful case for a non-consequential ist 'nano-ethics'. In contrast to existing teleological frameworks, in which ethical analysis is framed simply as a response to the consequences of specific 'techniques' (Luhmann 1992), Dupuy re-directs attention to the transformative potential of new technologies. Dupuy suggests that ethical analysis of new and emerging technologies should not only encompass their technical specificities but also the wider socio-political framing. That is ethical analysis should not simply focus on restricted analyses of individual scientific techniques, but rather on the deontological and normative challenge posed by the potential transformations in the human condition. In this paper I build on and extend Dupuy's account by developing what might be called a 'nonconsequential ist' politics of nanotechnology. That is, I attempt to develop a political rationale for the consideration of the normative and deontological dimensions of nanotechnologies. Despite the lively characterizations of relationship between society and new technologies in contemporary fiction writing, cinema and cultural studies, contemporary political debates concerning competing visions of the relationship between technology and society are typically limited to arguments about very specific technical questions. For example, in recent technological controversies concerning GM foods and civil nuclear power, political debate largely centred on


India has a skewed sex ratio as compared to the global statistics. It is defined as the number of females per 1000 of males, whereas globally it is the number of females per 100 males. According to Sample registration system (SRS) 2011 survey India's sex ratio is 933/1000 males. Review of data over the years has shown worrisome decline in child sex ratio favorable towards the male sex. In the 2011 census, this ratio had declined to 914 per 1000 boys from 927 in 2001. Factors attributed to the decline are increased sex selective female abortions and feticide. One of the most important preventable factors among these is the prevention of sex selective female abortions. The government of India has taken measures to overcome this by introducing the Pre-natal diagnostic techniques act (PNDT) in 1994 that was later amended as Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques act (PCPNDT) in 2002 with the objective of preventing the misuse of diagnostic techniques and sex selection and limits their use for genetic abnormalities, metabolic disorders, chromosomal ABSTRACT


In order to be able to assess the effect of preand postharvest treatments on different potato varieties and tissues, information is needed on the skin architecture of tubers. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) was utilised as an appropriate nondestructive technique due to its high spatial resolution. It uses near-infra-red optical radiation to map the internal structures of semi-transparent samples. Samples in this study were potatoes with known provenance under selected preor postharvest treatment. The study herein aimed to examine the effect of growing environment and a desiccant chemical on skin layer development of several potato varieties and to increase understanding of the variability in skin thickness after application of sprout suppressant. Different thicknesses of the skin layer were found between different farming locations, varieties and spatial positions on individual tubers (60 to 100 μm). In detail, the spatial difference of skin layer thicknesses developed over time. Duration of desiccation and duration of curing did not cause significant differences in skin thickness. However, skin thickness changes were observed during storage and were variety dependant. Chlorpropham treatment did not significantly influence skin layer thickness. Still images recorded by means of OCT were a convenient and nondestructive tool to quantitatively evaluate skin thickness of potatoes. In conclusion, the high resolution of the acquired still images allowed confirmation of tissue identification. It appears that tissue position on the tuber may have a higher influence on phellem thickness than harvest date or curing.


The costumes worn by the king of Siak Sri Indrapura is the manifestation of culture and tradition of Melayu-Riau people. The typical characteristic of the costumes were seen from the movie made of gold thread which was weaved by Siak people. This research was intended to describe the names, forms, placing and motive meanings of costumes of the king of Siak Sri Indrapura in Province Riau. This research applied qualitative method and descriptive approach. The data collected was in the form of primary and secondary data. The primary data was gotten from the visual data of costumes of the king of Siak Sri Indrapura, while the secondary one was gotten from the information given by traditional figures, public figures and library study. The data was gathered through observation, interview and documentation. Kata Kunci: Nama, Bentuk, Penempatan, Makna Motif, Pakaian Raja Kerajaan Siak Sri Indrapura Provinsi Riau


Saline-alkaline soil water retention curves were measured by a pressure drainage method.The results showed that the saline-alkaline soil water potential Absolute value will be increased with the content of soil liquid decrease;the same kind soil of water potential Absolute value will be increased with the mcrease of concentration of soil liquid.


Tonga's economy is supported by remittances from Tongans overseas, but there are indications that the younger gener- ations are unlikely to maintain this level of support. There appears to be a complacent attitude to remittances both within Tonga and in externally produced economic reports, yet if remittance levels drop significantly, the ramifications will be disastrous for Tonga. This paper looks at Tongan transnationalism in the context of the cur- rent situation in Tonga and the wider Pacific, arguing that it will be crucial, yet very difficult, to encourage the 'second generation' overseas to be involved in the process of nation building through transnational engagements. The major obstacles to young people's establishment of transnational ties are examined, and the Tongan situation is compared to U.S. research on second generation trans- nationalism in other migrant groups. Finally, the ways in which transnational engagements could be encouraged are explored, par- ticularly the importance of language learning and developing a sense of 'belonging' to the 'homeland'.


Shopping Cart is the key part of online shop websites,but most shopping cart is goods exhibition before customer commit their orders,customer can not extract the shopping data for further transaction process and decision analysis. XML technology allows data display with different styles according to different requirements of customers,and data can be saved,it meets future processing requirement. the paper build shopping cart system based XML,used JDOM to parse XML data,apply XSLT to make data display and data content depart,combined with MVC mode to development this system,software component-based design enhanced the system scalability.


Natural regeneration of sessile oak forests is a complex process whose final outcome is influenced by numerous factors. The initial phase of development of sessile oak seedlings stands out as the most critical period in the process of natural regeneration of sessile oak forests. As the available light and competition from the accompanying woody species and ground vegetation are some of the main predictors of the success of sessile oak forest regeneration, this paper presents the results of studying the influence of these factors on the regeneration dynamics and development of sessile oak seedlings. The research was conducted in sessile oak forests in northeastern Serbia in the period from 2015 to 2020. At the end of the growing season each year, the following data were collected on 180 smaller sampling plots of 1 m2 in different conditions of canopy openness: the number, height, and root collar diameter of sessile oak seedlings. Also, the percent cover of competing woody species and ground vegetation was estimated on these sample plots. The obtained results indicated that the success of sessile oak forest regeneration largely depends on the initial number of sessile oak seedlings and silvicultural treatments during the rejuvenation period, which determine the microclimatic conditions in the stand and control the competing vegetation. They also indicate that with an increase in the available light, the impact of the competing vegetation on the dynamics of regeneration and development of sessile oak seedlings is less pronounced. Accordingly, as young sessile oak seedlings need a large amount of light for survival and development, it is necessary to increase the available amount of light intensively in a short period of time (six–eight years) by reducing canopy openness and thus providing optimal conditions in which sessile oak seedlings can gain an advantage over the competing vegetation.


Solubility at several ionic strengths (0 to 1.0 M), pH (2 to 13) and gelling capacity of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas muscle proteins were evaluated. Protein recovery was >90% at pH 9–12. Autohydrolysis was evaluated and affected only sarcoplasmic proteins. Folding score was 5 on all gels. Strength was higher for thermal gels prepared from squid fin (50.2 ± 1.2 N) than that prepared from the mantle (23.4 ± 2.5 N). There was no significant difference in gel strengths from previously frozen (46.4 ± 7.5 N) and never-frozen samples (43 ± 5.5 N). Moisture, water drip and water-holding capacity were evaluated on thermal gels. There were significant differences between frozen and never-frozen samples. Results on solubility and gel forming capacity of the proteins from mantle and fin of jumbo squid suggest that these properties can provide additional value to this resource.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Jumbo squid is a rich source of high-quality protein. Obtaining sophisticated products would be an easy way to take advantage of the high-quality proteins in jumbo squid muscle. Knowledge of the functional properties of those proteins is needed to achieve this. The use of such properties, such as gel-forming capacity, which are similar to other proteins used in the food industry, will give jumbo squid added value. The results described here indicate that jumbo squid proteins may be useful as a food ingredient because of their solubility and gel-forming capacity.


Background Increasing use of evidence-based principles By revising SPLH 880 Seminar in Speech Language Pathology: Clinical Treatment of Phonological Disorders, I plan to increase students' usage of evidence-based principles in clinical practice. I have been disappointed in the ability of students to adequately use academic literature without my intervention. They need to increase their own ability to deeply understand professional scholarly research that forms the basis for phonological disorders treatment.


The power transformer is an important equipment in the power system. Its running state is directly related to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The volume fraction of the dissolved gas in the oil of the transformer body and its variation law are closely related to the fault mode of the transformer, therefore, the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) technology in transformer oil is widely used. Actually, the relationship between the volume fraction of the dissolved gas in transformer oil and the time is a multi-dimensional time series. The sequences are arranged in the same time interval or in different time intervals, which contains the external environment of the power transformer, the operation conditions and the inherent relationship between the gas content in the transformer oil. Therefore, the operation status of the power transformer can be revealed by the prediction of the time series. Based on this, the fault type of the transformer can be determined. At present, many literatures have been applied to a single time series forecasting method, such as BP neural network and radial basis function neural network. The single prediction method can obtained certain accuracy by adjusting the weights and thresholds of the network. To further improve the prediction accuracy, a combined forecasting model should be proposed. The research result of this paper is to predict the DGA data of transformer, and has a certain guiding significance to determine the transformer fault types. The proposed method for time series prediction can also be used in other time series prediction of the electric power system.


A theoretical framework is established to show that agricultural credit programs in less developed countries can be used for political purposes because of (a) government-controlled supply; (b) implicit income transfers associated with concessionary interest rates, delinquency, and inflation that can be used as patronage for politically influential borrowers; and (c) ease of implementation under guise of economic objectives. The framework is applied to Bolivia. Within that country's political context, large income transfers to a few influential farmers strongly suggest the importance of political factors in credit allocation with consequent effects on income distribution, development, and debilitation of financial institutions.


Abstract : Transmission electron microscopy revealed b-nanoparticles of 25 to 100 micrometers. The hexagonal network and cluster of these particles are also obtained at higher magnification. Raman spectral analyses of bnanoparticles confirmed the spectral peaks are not from hexane solvent, but from b-nanoparticles in hexane solution.


Grassland accounts for 35% of its total 837 226 hm\+2 land area in the upper region of Minjiang River, Sichuan Province. It is of great importance as the repositories of rich biological diversity and the core part of the "ecological screen" in Western Sichuan. Alpine meadow accounts for 54.8% of the total grassland area, while the sub-alpine meadow ranks the second, accounting for 17.2%. They are also the two major types of grasslands with the highest gross grass production, which account 53.47% and 26.46% respectively. The grassland area in different counties shows a tendency that grassland area is corresponding with vertical changes of vegetation and elevation, so does the proportion of pastoral in gross agricultural output.The problems in pastoralism development are pointed out, i.e. overstocking, genetic degradation of both livestock and forage plants, and low productivity in management. In the light of local special conditions, following measures and thoughts are emphatically disscussed , i.e. to abandon number pastoralism and develop distinctive pastoralism which means higher efficiency and lower pollution; and to develop market-oriented active livestock ; according to "the engineering of protecting natural forest" and "the engineering of restoring forest and grassland that have ever been brougt under cultivation", to develop artificial grassland and forage woods.


According to the actuality of Jiamusi information network, a construction project of Jiamusi information network, without wasting present network resource, is proposed. This project is based on TCP/IP transport protocols and centered on ATM exchangers. This network can provide many services such as WWW, DNS, E-MAIL, FTP, NEWS, PC TO PHONE and so on.


1.1 Theoretical concepts 1.1.1 Historical Understanding the basic strength properties of rock has been a practical pursuit since ancient times, both because of the importance of mining and because rock was the principal building material. The crafting of stone tools required an intuitive grasp of crack propagation, and mining, quarrying, and sculpture are trades that require an intimate knowledge of the mechanical properties of rock. The layout and excavation of quarries, for example, is a centuries-old art that relies on the recognition and exploitation of preferred splitting directions in order to maximize efficiency and yield. One of the principal properties of brittle solids is that their strength in tension is much less than their strength in compression. This led, in architecture, to the development of fully compressional structures through the use of arches, domes, and flying buttresses. Rock was one of the first materials for which strength was studied with scientific scrutiny because of its early importance as an engineering material. By the end of the nineteenth century the macroscopic phenomenology of rock fracture had been put on a scientific basis. Experimentation had been conducted over a variety of conditions up to moderate confining pressures. The Coulomb criterion and the Mohr circle analysis had been developed and applied to rock fracture with sufficient success that they


In an increasingly advanced technological developments, the induction motor can be used in various industries, including in the process of grinding the limestone. In a small scale, induction motor used is a single phase induction motor. To optimize the work of the induction motor in the process of grinding the limestone, can be used fuzzy logic control method to regulate the speed of the motor used to drive the grinding machines. Where the use of fuzzy logic control aims to regulate the motor speed in accordance with the existing load on the motor. In controlling the speed of single phase induction motor, an inverter is used to set the frequency on the load while the output voltage is kept constant at 220 volts. For a 50 Hz motor frequency, motor rotation is achieved close to maximum. With this setting in case of loading, speed of induction motors will drop. Fuzzy logic control will adjust the motor speed when burdened for faster or slower according to the nominal speed at the initial velocity set point.

Key Words : fuzzy logic control, Inverter, Induction Motors, Frequency Settings


The increasing penetration of wind energy into power systems has pushed grid operators to set new requirements for this kind of generating plants in order to keep acceptable and reliable operation of the system. In addition to the low voltage ride through capability, wind farms are required to participate in voltage support, stability enhancement and power quality improvement. This paper presents a solution for wind farms with fixed-speed generators based on the use of STATCOM with braking resistor and additional series impedances, with an adequate control strategy. The focus is put on guaranteeing the grid code compliance when the wind farm faces an extensive series of grid disturbances.


Children in primary schools can be horizontally grouped by ability and achievement, or by random allocation to classes. The present study aimed to explore some noncognitive concomitants of these two methods of school organization specifically in relation to self-esteem, academic self-concept, sociometric choice and attitude to the school environment. A significantly lower self-esteem was found among pupils streamed in lower socio-economic areas, but a higher self-esteem for those in streamed classes in higher status areas. In both of these areas social choices were less widely diffused in streamed than in tracked classes.


The authors discuss the convenience for using ruthenium complexes as potential antitumor drugs, and the considerable importance of these substances in regard to their biological activity. The synthesis of a new drug of the group and the results of its administration to mice bearing Ehrlich ascites cancer are reported.


Electric dust-cleaners are used widely in many fields of industry.On the base of analysis about working process and specialty of electric dust-cleaners,the improve method of the efficiency of electric dust-cleaners is studied,and the applied effect about the methods are discussed.


Copper-deficient, nonstoichiometric copper sulfide (Cu2–xS, x > 0) nanoparticles (NPs) have been explored as an important hole-based plasmonic material because of their size, morphology, carrier density, and crystal-phase-dependent localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties. In synthesis of Cu2–xS NPs, alkyl thiols containing sulfur element such as 1-dodecanethiol, C12H25SH (1-DDT), are well-utilized sulfur sources. In addition to the sulfur element in 1-DDT molecules, soft base S2–, linear hydrocarbon chain CH3(CH2)11–, and the proton in the −SH group may provide unique functions in the synthesis and post-treatment of Cu2–xS NPs. Here, we systematically demonstrate the ability of 1-DDT molecules to act as sulfur source and capping ligand for low-chalcocite Cu2S nanodisks (NDs), and size controller for covellite CuS NDs in the process of synthesis. These CuS NDs can be applied as electron donor and hole acceptor to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. Furthermore, in the post-tre...


This is not so much a review article, as an extended comment on 13 articles—if you include the introduction—by 15 people, most of whom write in the fields of international relations, sociology, and political economy and theory. International relationspundits have been thinking about the future (namely, the title of the collection) since at least 1964, and increasingly so since the Turkish invasion of the island in 1974, when nearly all the Greek Cypriots were hounded out of house and home, and went south, while most of the Turkish Cypriots went north, most of them to occupy GreekCypriot properties. Since then, the occupied zone has transmogrified, with the partial displacement and swamping of the original Turkish Cypriots by immigration from Turkey, in an operation that can be compared with Zionist immigration into Palestine. It is perhaps poignant that as this review article is being written, the European Court of Human Rights has just ordered Turkey to pay compensation of 90,000,000 euros to Greek Cypriots for human rights violations as a result of the invasion. At any rate, the Cyprus saga is indeed an attractive topic for many theoreticians of conflict resolution, providing rich pastures: religion, international law, language, ethnicity, atavism, post-colonialism and—that ugly term—geopolitics. As so often when a joint project such as this book is completed, there is a sense of slight emotion. The acknowledgments end with the words:


Harding concludes the volume with an overview of China's changing role in international politics since 1949, periodizing the history into five eras and observing the changes and continuities in Chinese policy. He argues that in contrast to past cyclical movement between extremes, the current independent, moderate policy will be relatively stable. Together, these essays provide much intellectual stimulation for students and scholars of Chinese foreign policy, and are useful for those seeking a general understanding of Chinese policy. China and the World has more ambitious goals. It tries to approach Chinese foreign policy within the context of political science theory, bringing together the work of China scholars and specialists in international politics. The case studies, however, for the most part fail to incorporate the theoretical or methodological approaches called for in the first part of the book. This weakness underscores the necessity for further work of this kind. The introductory essay by Samuel Kim delineates the various approaches to Chinese foreign policy and points the direction for fruitful research by disaggregating the various aspects of the study of Chinese foreign policy. Essays by Davis B. Bobrow and Steve Chan and by Michael Ng-Quinn argue for methodological rigor and systemic analysis. Ng-Quinn argues that the world is bipolar and that Chinese policy should be viewed from this perspective. Unfortunately, he examines primarily the theoretical merits of bipolarity over multipolarity, giving little attention to actual Chinese policy. Susan Shirk's essay discusses domestic politics and foreign policy. She offers an excellent analysis of the regional, sectoral, and bureaucratic politics of foreign trade policy. Yet this is a unique issue area, and its implications cannot be generalized.


Issue/problem

Physical activity is widely recognized as a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment and control. However most individuals with type 2 diabetes do not engage in physical activity on a regular basis. This work aims to present Diabetes em Movimento® a community-based exercise program for lifestyle intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and the major results of a 4-year experience in Portugal.

Description …


This book is the result of a conference which the editors, with the support of Dutch authorities, organized in October 22-26, 1990, in The Hague between the members of the New York State Organized Crime Task Force and Dutch officials and academics concerned with the topic. The contributors, on the one hand, stress the changing nature of organized crime and the mechanisms it utilizes to control legitimate industries. On the other hand, they emphasize and demonstrate the need for sophisticated pro-active strategies that differ from traditional reactive law enforcement approaches. This book is the first to systematically compare the American situation (New York) and the European situation (Netherlands); two urban areas which show many similarities.


The article indicates the calculation of the relative risk of disease incidence for all types of diseases
on the basis of territorial and temporal analysis of children medical aid appealability.


Writing has been known to be a demanding and difficult skill to teach and master in the ESL secondary school context. Writing intervention modules can be effective add-ons to existing writing lessons to help students who are struggling with writing to cope with the demands of this difficult skill. Despite many writing interventions developed, little has been explored on including self-regulation strategies explicitly into these interventions. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of a self-regulation strategies-based writing instruction module for secondary school students. The writing module adopted the Self-regulation Strategies Development model (SRSD) as its theoretical foundation and utilised a qualitative design through content analysis as data collection method. The six units writing instruction module was developed using the Kemp model as a design framework, including a need analysis, whereas the content validation was done through experts' panel evaluation. The results from the content validation suggest that the module can be used in the classroom to gui de teachers to help them develop their students' self -regulation skills to help them cope with ESL writing. Future research suggestion includes testing the module's usability in real classrooms.


In a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine driving a front final drive unit connected to a pair of front wheels and a pair of rear wheels 21 driven through the rear final drive unit 18 by a longitudinal propshaft 19, the rear final drive unit 18 houses an electric motor/generator (35 see fig 2) which can also drive the rear wheels through an epicyclic reduction gear (39 see fig 4), a pinion shaft (32 see fig 4) having a bevel pinion 31 and a crown wheel and differential. The motor/generator (35) has a rotor (36 see fig 4) fast with a sun gear (37 see fig 4), meshing with planet gears (38 see fig 4) which are each rotatable on a carrier (41 see fig 4). The planet gears (38) also mesh with a ring gear (43 see fig 4). A ratio change clutch (44 see fig 4) has a low ratio position where the ring gear (43) is grounded to the casing (23 see fig 4) and a high ratio position where the ring gear (43) is connected to the pinion shaft (32), thereby providing a reduction ratio and a direct drive. A control clutch 33 controls the connection from the propshaft 19 to the pinion shaft (32) while a disconnect clutch (42 see fig 4) controls the connection from the motor/generator (35) to the pinion shaft (32).


ABSTRACTThe visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has emerged as a rapid and low-cost tool for extensive investigation of soil properties. The objective of this research was to explore how significant the relationship between the soil spectral reflectance and soil organic matter (SOM) content. Some soil samples in Yogyakarta were taken for SOM content and spectroscopy measurement. The SOM was analyzed using Walkley and Black method, while the spectral reflectance was determined using ASD Field-spectrophotometer by scanned the sample with Vis-NIR spectrum. Pearson's coefficient showed that there was a strong negative correlation between SOM and soil spectral of certain wavelengths. Soil with less organic matter content performed high reflectance. Keywords: Soil organic matter; Vis-NIR spectroscopy; soil reflectance; Pearson's correlation coefficient.


The setting of traditional distance zone-II protection is very complicated, which is due to the difficulty in determining the operating mode and its branch coefficient under the cooperation of multiple lines. So this paper proposes a novel simplified setting method of distance backup protection. This method simplifies the calculation of setting value and accelerates the action time of protection device, which makes the distance zone-II protection only cooperate with the protection of zone-I of local line and only consider the sensitivity coefficient. To further ensure the selectivity of relay protection, the paper develops a fault line detection to match the above method based on random matrix spectral analysis, whose matrix formed by the measured lines current. Then the paper designs a feasible simplified setting process of distance zone-II backup protection by integrating the above methods. Finally, the example analysis shows the simplified setting method of distance backup protection can ensure the selectivity of relay protection, correctly identify the faulty line and speed up the action time.


OBJECTIVE To investigate into the effect of the method of clearing up the Ying system and removing obstruction in the vessels on blood rheology and blood platelet aggregation rate in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans. METHOD Patients with thromboangiitis obliterans were treated with modified Qingying Decoction and blood viscosity and blood platelet aggregation rate were determined before and after the treatment, compared with those treated with Tongsaimai Tablet. RESULT Qingying Decoction can markedly reduce whole blood and plasma viscosity (P0.01) and blood platelet aggregation rate (P0.01), with similar effect as Tongsaimai Tablet.CONCLUSION The method of clearing up the Ying system and removing obstruction in the vessels is very effective in the treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans.


The study aimed to describe breakfast habit among teenage girls of vocational high school Bogor. A crosssectional study was conducted and was involving 68 students 14—18 years old from SMK Pelita Ciampea, Bogor District. Breakfast consumption was collected by a 7-day food records. The result showed that there were 45.6% schoolgirls having breakfast regularly. Breakfast frequency per week was associated with BMI and anaemic status (p<0.05). The subject mostly explained that breakfast is eat in the morning. Subjects explained more that breakfast have benefit, consist of a solid food and beverage, and in a medium portion. Types of good food for breakfast were bread and milk. Mother should prepare food for breakfast and it should be done at home before leaving house. The schoolgirls having a good quality breakfast consumed rice, bread, fruit, and milk; and those are having a low quality breakfast consume sweet tea and snack. Mother education and occupation, parents income, and number of family member are significantly related to habitual breakfast (p<0.05). There is significantly association between habitual breakfast and breakfast quality (r=0.539, p<0.05).


Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a wide band gap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.3 eV at room temperature. It has been used considerably for its catalytic, electrical, optoelectronic and photochemical properties. In the present work, zinc citrate, zinc picolinate and zinc palmitate were used as precursor compounds. Combustion at temperatures of 500, 650 and 800 oC resulted in the formation of a pure crystalline ZnO with wurtzitic structure. The Raman spectroscopy showed peaks which usually occur in nanocrystals, and can be attributed to modes of surface vibration phonons. Calculation of the energy gap from the absorption spectra showed no significance difference that the calculation results of the energy gap, showed no significant difference in comparison with the bulk ZnO. The photoluminescence spectra of ZnO produced by combustion showed in some cases significant emission in the blue/green spectral area. The size of the crystallites increases with combustion temperature while morphology is uniform uniform with the exception in the case of zinc palmitate were spherical aggregates were observed. The morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles and nanostructures formed under the combined application of ionic liquids and ultrasounds depend on the process parameters. The effect of the concentration of the precursor ZnCl2 promoted the growth of larger nanoparticles. The increase of the reaction time led to a slight increase in the particle size while promoted the formation of nanocombs and agglomerates in the form of flowers. By increasing the volume of reactants hexagonal nanorods were formed. Finally, the study of the effect of the type of ultrasonic wave radiation (pulsed or continuous) showed that continuous irradiation promoted the formation of 1D nanofibers instead of hexagonal nanorods. Next, ZnO nanorods were modifined by introducing terminal amine groups through APTES and then by the covalent attachment of PEG and finally by loading the anticancer drug paclitaxel. The efficiency of drug encapsulation ranges from 42-60% and from 2.6 to 3.7%. The release studies of paclitaxel in a neutral buffer pH = 7.4, showed low release rate up to 96 hours.


Abstract In a recent paper, Türkoğlu have studied the rings admitting nonzero homomorphisms between any two non-projective modules (property (T)). His work raises the following question: What are the rings with nonzero maps between non-projective right modules and singular simple modules? As a generalization of the property (T), we consider two families of rings: those rings with nonzero maps from any non-projective module to any singular simple module (property (T1)) and those rings with nonzero maps from any singular simple module to any non-projective module (property (T2)). Complete characterizations of both classes of rings are obtained and it is shown, in particular, that the rings satisfying property (T) are precisely those rings satisfying both properties (T1) and (T2). We show that R satisfies (T) if and only if R has a unique singular simple right R-module, and R is either two-sided Artinian hereditary serial or right completely coretractable. Furthermore, we prove that a commutative ring R has the property (T) if and only if there is a ring decomposition , where A is semisimple Artinian and B satisfies one of the following conditions: (1) B is a semi-Artinian max ring with unique singular simple right R-module. (2) B is an Artinian hereditary serial ring with unique singular simple right R-module.


Biomedical research has been undergoing a quasi-revolution with the dawn of the genomics era. The flood of sequence data from the various genome projects, the task of cataloging the entire coding portion of a genome instead of identifying and characterizing individual genes, as well as technical demands accompanying these developments have posed great challenges to the research community. Although the entire human genome sequence has been virtually recorded, fundamental issues remain about the precise number of protein coding genes, as well as their functional