Byline: Kenneth Turner, Jason Campbell, Emma Tevaarwerk, Venkat Chandrasekhar, R.P.H. Chang, Nathan Unterman, and Marcel Grdinic Photo by Nathan Unterman Nanoscience is an extremely relevant topic for today's students. By 2015 it is estimated that 3 million workers will be needed in the nanotech industry (Roco 2002). Nano terms have already infiltrated our daily culture. For example, nano items have appeared in Star Trek and Batman cartoons; the popular Richard Crichton book Prey features nanobots; and many students have Apple's iPod nano (you may have to correct a misconception if students think that the iPod nano is the size of a nanometer.) Furthermore, products that incorporate nanotechnology are already in the marketplace. Nano-Tex fabric, engineered to mimic the fuzz on a peach, features billions of tiny nanowhiskers that force water to bead up and roll off clothing. Carbon-nanotube reinforced tennis racquets are lighter and stronger than conventional racquets, while nano-composite containing tennis balls last longer than conventional products. Ten carbon atoms linked one after another compose roughly a nanometer-so the nanoworld is not quite the same size of atoms, but it is close. The nanoworld is literally not big enough to behave as bulk matter and not small enough to behave as individual atoms. Conventional bulk models fail us, as do atomic ones. This ambiguity leads to a variety of unique and potentially useful mechanical, optical, magnetic, electrical, chemical, thermal, and biological properties of nanoscale materials. Since nano refers to anything nanosized regardless of elemental composition, nanoscience and technology encompasses all areas of science and engineering. Nanoscience refers to the fundamental study of scientific phenomena, which occur at the nanoscale-nanotechnology to the exploitation of novel properties and functions of materials in the sub-100 nm size range (NNI 2006). One of the underlying principles of science is development of models of observed phenomena. In biology, the Hardy-Weinberg principle is a model for predicting alleles. In physics, a particle subject to constant net force is a model in mechanics that governs bidirectional and projectile motion. In chemistry, the particle model for gasses has been used to explain gas behavior. As science teachers, we look for innovative ways to bring a model and its corresponding representations to our students. A concrete and perhaps even tangible representation helps students grasp complex relationships and construct new knowledge. As students are increasing their abilities to understand abstract concepts, it helps them if we can provide some concrete modeling. Such activities help students build their understanding through laboratory experiences and concept construction. Fortunately for science teachers, the same lens that brings clarity to other aspects of the world around us can bring nanoscience into focus as well: the use of macroscopic representations to simplify and explain. To that end, the National Center for Learning and Teaching Nanotechnology (NCLT) based at Northwestern University is developing "nanoconcept" materials to bring nanoscience into the classroom. These materials center around key new concepts in nanoscience, including surface-area-to-volume ratio and the dependence of the nature and properties of matter on size. In this article, we discuss nanoconcept materials developed around a key measurement device of nanoscience, the scanning probe microscope (SPM). Seeing by feeling Traditionally, looking at something small means looking at the object with an optical microscope. However, the size of objects easily resolved with an optical microscope is limited by diffraction to roughly 200 nm. The SPM is like a tiny finger, dragged across the nanolandscape, capable of atomic level resolutions. Just as a student could drag their finger across a surface and tell if it was rough or smooth, hot or cold, firm or gel-like, so the probe of the SPM can be used to tell much about nanosurface characteristics. …


The article is based on the idea that all the various external manifestations of the spiritual essence of a person are complicated by the lack of development of target objects, principles, and potential of cultural-educational and pedagogical means of harmonizing the interaction of people. The first place in it is asserting the dialogic style of life of the subjects involved in the cultural and educational space. The analysis of intercultural education as a social institution and sociocultural space for an individual's socialization has made it possible to suggest that it has the potential to ensure the spiritual security of Ukrainian society, particularly regarding intercultural relations. The authors conclude that dialogue cooperation, as a certain humanitarian technology, should direct all educational discourses into the development of a dialogue of cultures and its orientation towards philosophical reflection in the educational process. Philosophical reflection approximates the notion of "intercultural dialogue" and other terms and even categories that function in scientific and academic life. The article stresses that communication space is often contradictory to determine at least the meaning of these concepts and release them from stereotyped connotations, falsifications and quasi-intellectual layers.


We studied the optimal funding of the public sector for the Hi-Tech industry in the presence of short-term, cyclical, venture capital (VC) funding by constructing a decision-making model that results in the optimal governmental support and a model that accounts for the dynamics of the VC industry. We found that the VC industry is highly correlated with the NASDAQ stock index and that the optimal public policy for funding the Hi-Tech sector should be anti-cyclical, dynamic, and conditioned on the VC investments. The models and their validation are discussed as well as the practical implications for policy and decision makers.


Transmission poles plays a major in the wired telecom communication as well as in the electrical transmission. The wireless communication receivers and antennas are also need poles for holding the antenna and several other peripheral units to its nearby. Most of the transmission poles are kept on the public places for providing a better communication signal and the electric supply. The road side transmission poles are extremely not protected with any safety devices. Those poles are standing on its own strength on the materials used for making the poles. Due to aging and several other factors there are chances for such poles to get damage very easily. Vehicle collision is an important factor in damaging the transmission poles kept near the road side. The proposed method is designed to identify the collision detection on the poles to alert the maintenance team to take immediate action against the faulty poles. It is achieved with the help of IoT technology connecting several peripheral units to a microcontroller.


The authors served as Special Issue Guest Editors for this issue of JPSSM. In this introduction to the Special Issue, they discuss customer relationship management and its relationship to selling, the sales role, and sales organizations. In addition, they provide an overview of the process that led to the creation of this Special Issue and briefly introduce each of the papers contained herein.


In this note we consider the question of stabilizability on Hilbert space of systems governed by abstract stochastic differential equations containing randomly perturbed operators. It is shown that, under certain assumptions, a feedback control law can be found that makes the system exponentially stable in the mean square sense even in the presence of unbounded perturbations of the generator


This report describes the occurrence of calcinosis cutis in two patients with lupus erythematosus. The rarity of this event, in contrast to the relative frequency of this finding in patients with scleroderma or dermatomyositis, is stressed.


The aim of this paper was to model and apply a theoretical concept of acquisition and evolution of scientific and technical human capital of health care workers (graduate nurses). The research, structured as pilot study was carried out in the public health care organization named Orthopaedic Hospital of Valdoltra, Slovenia. We examined the entire population of 29 registered nurses who answered a questionnaire in summer 2005. In order to test the theoretical model (i.e. assumed relations) the correlation analysis was applied. Results: Respondents perceive the process of education and learning as upgrading of basic scientific and expert knowledge, linking it with practice. Also, research indicates that permanent education and learning process enables up-to-down delegation of new duties/work obligation to health care workers, accelerating acquisition and development of new personal and organizational knowledge. Conclusions: The »activation« of health care workers in the process of permanent education and learning discloses a positive correlation between the process of permanent education and learning and the indicators of the successful acquisition and evolution of scientific and technical human capital. The research confirms public health care workers as permanent creators of intellectual capital.


Bacterial meningitis is the 10th most common cause of death worldwide. Early detection and treatment can decrease the mortality and morbidity rates. In this review, the treatment regimen of bacterial meningitis will be discussed in adult patients based on the microorganism. The benefits of the usage of corticosteroid (Dexamethasone in particular) will be elaborated in lowering the rates of death and neurological complications. The results of different studies on patients in developed and developing countries will the presented. Also, meta- analysis studies will review the patients with different ages and those affected with different microorganism to emphasize the benefit of the corticosteroid regimen as a part of the bacterial meningitis treatment.


Measurements of the Hall coefficient, the angular correlation of the positron annihilation, the low-temperature specific heat, and the electrical resistivity are reported for the simple metallic glasses Mg0.7Zn0.3-xGax in the composition range 0<or=x<or=0.2. The Hall coefficient is negative and temperature independent between 78 and 300K. It becomes more negative with increasing Ga concentration, indicating the decrease in the carrier density. This is in contradiction to the free-electron prediction. The one-dimensional Fourier transform of the angular correlation curve for the Mg0.7Zn0.24Ga0.06 alloy also indicates a deviation from the free-electron curve. The electronic specific heat coefficient decreases slightly with increasing Ga content, again being opposite to the trend expected from the free-electron model. All these results are consistent with the departure from the free-electron behaviour when Ga is added to the free-electron-like Mg0.7Zn0.3. The electrical resistivity at 300K, rho 300K, increases from 54 to 94 mu Omega cm when Ga is substituted for Zn up to x=0.2. It is also found that the detailed temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity at low temperatures depends strongly on the magnitude of rho 300K. The electrical resistivity data above 300K, in combination with X-ray diffraction studies, revealed that the addition of Ga changes the crystallisation process drastically and contributes to suppress the formation of the metastable Mg51Zn20 compound.


Due to the increasing wind power penetration, grid codes of system operators require low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability for wind turbines (WT). Additionally the WT has to support the power system stability in LVRT cases by supporting the grid with reactive power. By feeding symmetrical reactive currents in case of asymmetrical grid errors, as required in many actual grid codes, the phase voltage of the undistorted phase will increase above the upper voltage limit. This paper shows a strategy to feed asymmetrical reactive currents into the distorted grid without increasing the phase voltage in the undistorted phase.


A novel method for measuring absolutely calibrated rotation velocities in fusion plasmas by means of passive spectroscopy, using a single plasma view, is presented. The method consists of simultaneously recording the emission lines from the plasma and from a calibration lamp by means of a double fiber-fiber guide. A software simultaneously analyzes the plasma and calibration lines, which are obtained with a high-resolution spectrometer equipped with an intensified linear detector array, and provides absolute rotation measurements. Experimental results of carbon impurity ion rotation measured in the TJ-II stellarator are reported, demonstrating an accuracy of better than 0.3km∕s.


In previous publications (1, 4, 15, 16) we have suggested that endocrine abnormalities may be implicated in the aetiology of cancer of the nasopharynx in African men. The Chinese have the highest world incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer (12, 13). The incidence in Malays, despite gross under -reporting, is also significantly high. The Indians, however, have a low risk, the incidence of this cancer being no higher than in Western populations. In view of certain genetic similarities between the Chinese and the Malays and the fact that it is difficult to conceive of any environmental factor that is shared by these groups but not the Indians in Singapore, genetic factors would appear to be of greater aetiological significance. If genetically -determined endocrine abnormalities are important in the genesis of naso pharyngeal cancer, it might be expected that there would be patent differences in endocrine status between the Chinese and the Malays on the one hand and the Indians on the other. This paper reports an investigation of the levels of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DS), andosterone sulphate (AS), cortisol and transcortin in Chinese, Indian and Malay men in Singapore.


Hinton explores how an ordinary man could commit extraordinary crimes. Far from thinking of him as a monster, Arendt concluded that Eichmann was 'terrifyingly normal'. Similar to Arendt's assessment, Hinton asserts that 'Duch is clearly a thinking man' (p. 295), who 'was not pathological' (p. 289). Yet the carefully chosen title of the book 'Man or Monster?' puts the reader in an uncomfortable situation as he is compelled to take sides and choose between black and white, which as Hinton argues is neither ethical nor desirable or responsible. According to the author, it is wrong to amalgamate man and monster. To do so would be to apply the same destructive categories that Duch used to dehumanise the S-21 victims. He consciously dehumanised his victims, knowing that they would ultimately die. As Hinton writes, the only reason to keep prisoners alive was to coerce them to confess to their alleged crimes. Duch made detailed annotations to the confessions of prisoners and kept meticulous records on every detainee. It did not matter how the prisoner confessions were obtained or whether the confessions were true or fabricated. Duch was also the key person for training torture interrogators. Can such a person 'still be useful to humanity' (p. 222), as defence lawyer Roux asked? Hinton clearly states his stance when he writes that the 'Duch who appeared on stage at the ECCC [Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia] is our double' (p. 296). To put it differently, 'our own biases' (p. 272) determine how we see others. Despite Hinton's brilliant analysis of the fallacies of the monster framing, it should be remembered that Duch refused to admit any criminal intent behind his criminal acts (p. 201) and this limited his criminal liability. Duch's case had its share of dramatic moments, but the most remarkable unfolded in the final hours when Duch's Cambodian lawyer stood up and stunned the court by saying his client should be freed because international law did not apply, and because Duch was only following orders. This is reminiscent of the Eichmann defence strategy in 1961 and the 'cog in the machine' argument. The reader is left to draw his or her own conclusions on the question posed in the title. Patrick Hein (Meiji University, Japan)


This article deals with two prominent versions of externalist account of
 epistemic justification, the reliable indication theory and the reliable
 process theory. According to the reliable indication theory, a belief is
 justified if it provides a reliable indication of the occurence of the state
 of affairs which makes it true. The reliable process theory holds that a
 belief is justified if it has been formed by a reliable cognitive process.
 The main contentions of this two accounts are analyzed and compared in the
 light of three more general and fundamental externalist ideas: (1)
 justification need not be cognitive available to the person whose belief is
 in question; (2) justification should be connected to the truth of the belief
 in such a way that it makes the case that one's epistemically justified
 belief is likely to be true; and (3) justification of one's belief depends on
 the causal history of the belief.


The invention belongs to the technical field of information, and particularly relates to a method and system for controlling playing of audio files and a mobile terminal. The method includes the steps that the mobile terminal displays a CUE track list corresponding to CUE files when the clicking information of a user for the CUE files is received and the CUE files are analyzed, and sends the file route of a CUE audio file to a blue light player when the information of the playing request of the user for the certain CUE audio file in the CUE track list is received; the blue light player obtains and plays the CUE audio file according to the file route of the CUE audio file. The CUE track list is saved through the mobile terminal, the CUE files which have been analyzed do not need to be repeatedly analyzed, the blue light player is controlled by the mobile terminal to play the CUE audio file, and the CUE audio file playing efficiency of the blue light player is greatly improved.


Summary. Rise in price of binders production is based on oil and its derivatives has led to the economic inexpediency of using many traditionally used binder materials. Considerable toughening of ecological requirements to production revealed principal impossibility to use many traditional materials because the products generated using them are toxic. It involves deterioration of labor conditions and destabilization of environment ecological indices. These stipulate the search of acceptable alternatives. One of which may be enlargement of vegetative raw material processing products as binder materials.


Pulse wave velocity has been widely used in the clinical assessment of the elastic properties of arteries. The spectral content of the apparent phase velocity (c/sub app/), however, contains considerably more information of vascular behavior than pulse wave velocity alone. The authors investigated the progressive changes in arterial elasticity and wave reflection during normal aging by obtaining c/sub app/ from the carotid artery to the radial artery. Results show that with increasing age, the overall magnitude of c/sub app/ increases and exhibits greater oscillations at higher frequencies. Both of these findings are associated with increased wave reflections.


Based on thermal analysis, high thermal diffusivity a was recommended for the substrate materials of micro-PCR chips. In the heating process, a micro-PCR chip with isoflux boundary condition is better than that with surface convective condition, and larger heating/cooling surface volume ratio of the system will speed up thermal cycling.


The development of humanities and social sciences has turned to integration after going through the differentiation of disciplines.The birth of discipline integration is mainly initiated by the need of comprehensive knowledge development and social life self-reflection.The process of discipline integration,involves the discipline overlapping,the vanishing of traditional discipline boundary,the booming of comprehensive research projects and interdisciplinary studies,as well as the origination of academic sharing pattern.It is also crucial that the formation of integration of humanities and social sciences rests on a solid theoretical foundation provided by philosophy,sociology and methodology.


This investigation involved the development of a numerical model for the transient simulation of the double-effect, water-lithium bromide absorption cooling machine, and the use of the model to determine the effect of the various design and input variables on the absorption unit performance. The performance parameters considered were coefficient of performance and cooling capacity. The sensitivity analysis was performed by selecting a nominal condition and determining performance sensitivity for each variable with others held constant. The variables considered in the study include source hot water, cooling water, and chilled water temperatures; source hot water, cooling water, and chilled water flow rates; solution circulation rate; heat exchanger areas; pressure drop between evaporator and absorber; solution pump characteristics; and refrigerant flow control methods. The performance sensitivity study indicated in particular that the distribution of heat exchanger area among the various (seven) heat exchange components is a very important design consideration. Moreover, it indicated that the method of flow control of the first effect refrigerant vapor through the second effect is a critical design feature when absorption units operate over a significant range of cooling capacity. The model was used to predict the performance of the Trane absorption unit with fairly good accuracy.more » The dynamic model should be valuable as a design tool for developing new absorption machines or modifying current machines to make them optimal based on current and future energy costs.« less


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate the cross-border acquisition's process through the Fiat-Chrysler case. Many automotive companies have considered cross-border mergers and acquisition (M & A) as a necessary step to face increasing competition and globalization, but only few of them were successful. In particular, some best practices in terms of lessons-learned are highlighted. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on the analysis of a cross-border acquisition: the qualitative approach allows authors to better understand all the dynamics, complexities and problems that characterize companies facing this process (Yin, 1984). Authors used public information, Internet sources and Fiat's documents to gather all the necessary information. Findings – In a cross-border acquisition, compatibility and complementarity of products and markets are fundamentals, whereas unmanaged cultural differences, as well as misunderstanding of the real motivations, are a slow but deadly poison: integrati...


The purpose of this chapter is to present and discuss findings from a study of students' information seeking and use for a learning assignment. The overall interest is to describe the coherence between differences in the quality of students' information seeking and the quality of their learning outcomes and to relate this to issues of information literacy in the Knowledge Society. The study was framed within a sociocultural perspective of learning and adopted an ethnographic approach. Analysis of data resulted in the identification of two major categories of competences related to information seeking and knowledge formation, one of which involves serious shortcomings in meaningful learning through information seeking. There is little evidence that ICT conclusively supports the development of new knowledge in terms of seeing the world differently. Conclusions are that the school system tends to produce 'information illiterates' which may entail unwanted consequences for both individuals and for maintaining a democratic Knowledge Society.


This work consists in a case study developed in the SBC, Lda. The main objective of this study was to analyse the financial and non-financial factors that influence the company's financial performance as measured by return on equity. Using robust regression with the software R it was verified that the change in turnover, customer satisfaction and financial autonomy are positively correlated and statistically significant for a 10% significance level, so it follows that the non financial indicators also may contribute to financial performance.


Computer methods of the conductance study of dispersive-filled polymers are presented in this paper. This methods allows the study of the peculiarities of the conductance formation by the changing characteristics of both the conductive filler and matrix.


These days, the company need for the introduction of the decision-making system that can be analyzed various types of information. Therefore, the IT-based EIS market is growing significantly every year. For SMEs it is necessary to negotiate a new concept of burden of requirements and the level of investment and advanced similar companies Most of the EIS systems are systems for large enterprises and public institutions, such as banks and SMEs are often used lacking. If you can take advantage of valuable data on the production site and management support system for SMEs it would be beneficial to the business strategy. AllFact is combined with collaboration solutions and applications, which is expected to contribute I be competitive SMEs through improved business processes. We will provide dashboard templates that are used primarily to support the existing domestic and international public institutions and large corporations, financial institutions Dashboard build professional system solutions for small businesses and small business owners was used in the decision-making.


An antagonistic bacterium was isolated from infected sclerotium.The identification result showed that the antagonistic bacterium was bacillus and G~-.The antagonistic assay in plates showed that the antagonistic bacterium exhibited in vitro antagonistic activity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the antifungal band with a width of over 10 mm and the inhibitive efficacy maintained stable.Greenhouse experiments showed that the antagonistic bacterium could not inhibit germination of seed,and germination rate in culture liquid of antagonism was 98.6%,97.3% in H_2O,and 93.3% in PS culture liquid respectively. The test also showed that the antagonistic bacterium could promote growth of root,and average root length treated with antagonistic bacterium was 1.8 cm,obviously higher compared to the check(only(1.5 cm)).In addition,the antagonistic bacterium showed significant biological control ability to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at seedling stage in greenhouse experiments,and frequency of seedling emergence reached 75%,significantly higher than that of the check(only 34%).The results indicated that the antifungal bacterium was well worth further study.


Cross correlation is a frequently used technique to obtain the Doppler shifts of digitized celestial spectra. This method, suggested by Tonry & Davis (1979), cross correlates the observed spectrum against an assumed template, and obtains the stellar radial velocity by the location of the correlation maximum (Wyatt 1985). The technique finds the correct radial velocity even for extremely low S/N spectra. Spectra composed of two components present a potential difficulty to this technique. The cross correlation of these spectra usually displays a double peak which can not be resolved whenever the relative velocity of the two components is small. To overcome this difficulty, we developed TODCOR — a new TwO-Dimensional CORrelation algorithm which can simultaneously derive the Doppler shifts of the two components. TODCOR assumes that the observed spectrum is a combination of two known spectra with unknown shifts. Following the one-dimensional technique, the algorithm calculates the correlation of the observed spectrum against a set of combinations of two templates, with all possible shifts. The correlation, thus, is a two-dimensional function, whose two independent variables are the radial velocities of the two components. The location of the maximum of this function corresponds to the actual Doppler shifts of the two components.


This paper work with a new system that provides distance learning and online training engineers. The purpose of this paper is to develop and provide web-based system for the handling and control of remote devices via the Internet. Remote devices are currently the industry or mobile robots [13]. For future product development machine in the factory will be included in the system. This article also discusses the current use of virtual reality tools in the fields of science and engineering education. One programming tool in particular, virtual reality modeling language (VRML) is presented in the light of its applications and capabilities in the development of computer visualization tool for education. One contribution of this paper is to present the software tools and examples that can encourage educators to develop a virtual reality model to improve teaching in their discipline. [12] This paper aims to introduce a software platform, called VALIP where users can build, share, and manipulate 3D content in cooperation with the interaction processes in a 3D context, while participating hardware and software devices can be physical and / or logical distributed and connected together via the Internet. VALIP the integration of virtual laboratories to appropriate partners; therefore, allowing access to all laboratories in any of the partners in the project. VALIP provides advanced laboratory for training and research within robotics and production engineering, and thus, provides a great laboratory facilities with only having to invest a limited amount of resources at the local level to the partner site.


Compound comprising the structure QLY; wherein Q is a peptide glucagon superfamily having agonist activity at the glucagon receptor, the GIP receptor, the receptor GLP-1, or a combination thereof; Y is a steroid that activates a nuclear hormone receptor type I, wherein Y has a molecular weight of 1,000 daltons to about; and L is a linking group or a bond.


The aim of this study is to determine the drought stress index through photochemical analysis in red pepper (Capsiumannuum L.). The photochemical interpretation was performed in the basis of the relation between Kautsky effect and Photosystem II (PSII) following the measurement of chlorophyll, pheophytin contents, and CO₂ assimilation in drought stressed 5-week-old red pepper plants. The CO₂ assimilation rate was severely lowered with almost 77% reduction of chlorophyll and pheophytin contents at four days after non-irrigation. It was clearly observed that the chlorophyll fluorescence intensity rose from a minimum level (the O level), in less than one second, to a maximum level (the P-level) via two intermediate steps labeled J and I (OJIP process). Drought factor index (DFI) was also calculated using measured OJIP parameters. The DFI was -0.22, meaning not only the initial inhibition of PSII but also sequential inhibition of PSI . In real, most of all photochemical parameters such as quantum yield of the electron transport flux from Quinone A (QA) to Quinone B (QB), quantum yield of the electron transport flux until the PSI electron acceptors, quantum yield of the electron transport flux until the PSI electron acceptors, average absorbed photon flux per PSII reaction center, and electron transport flux until PSI acceptors per cross section were profoundly reduced except number of QA reducing reaction centers (RCs) per PSII antenna chlorophyll (RC/ABS). It was illuminated that at least 6 parameters related with quantum yield/efficiency and specific energy fluxes (per active PSII RC) could be applied to be used as the drought stress index. Furthermore, in the combination of parameters, driving forces (DF) for photochemical activity could be deduced from the performance index (PI) for energy conservation from photons absorbed by PSII antenna until the reduction of PSI acceptors. In conclusion, photochemical responses and their related parameters can be used as physiological DFI.


By using XU Guang-xian Rule,a detailed analysis and discussion on two kinds of problems on atomic physics were carried on.One is the division of periodic table of elements;the other is about the judgment of the filling order of outer story electron in atom and atomic energy level's highs and lows.A beneficial conclusion was got.


Learning is a fundamental element of people's everyday lives. Learning experiences can take the form of our interactions with others, through attending an educational establishment, etc. Not everyone learns in the same way, and even people who are considered to have a similar standard of abilities or proficiency will exhibit different learning styles. This does not necessarily mean that some students are better than others; it means that students are different from one another. Adaptive e-learning system should be capable of adapting the content to the user learning style, abilities and knowledge level. In this paper, we investigate the benefits of incorporating learning styles and dyslexia type in adaptive e-learning systems. Adaptivity aspects based on dyslexia type and learning styles enrich each other, enabling systems to provide learners with materials which fit their needs more accurately. Besides, consideration of learning styles and dyslexia type can contribute to more accurate student modelling. In this paper, the relationship between learning styles, the Felder–Silverman learning style model (FSLSM), and dyslexia type, is investigated. These relationships will lead to a more reliable student model.


Ten replicates of 20 taxa of Fraxinus spp. were planted in northeastern Toledo, OH, in 2005. Thirteen North American, three European, and three Asian taxa were evaluated, as was one purported hybrid.


Abstract:Despite increasing numbers of stranding events of sperm whales in the British Isles, to date relatively little is known about the population status of these whales in the North Atlantic. Acoustic surveys of this deep-water species are advantageous over visual surveys as they have a greater detection range, can operate 24 hours a day in most weather conditions and are less affected by observer subjectivity. An acoustic survey to assess potential monitoring sites was carried out on the North Antrim coast of Northern Ireland, where sperm whale clicks were successfully detected and recorded. This study identifies potential for future acoustic monitoring of whales off the north coast of Ireland and highlights the potential value of the technique in population studies.


This paper argues that the provision of public assistance in China was due to the need of the Chinese government to secure a stable society. The introduction of the Minimum Standard of Living Scheme (MSLS) in 1997 for city dwellers was mainly for reducing the dissatisfactions of laid-off workers. The implementation of the rural MSLS in 2007 aimed at minimising conflicts between land-losing farmers and local governments. This type of legitimacy-driven welfare intervention, however, is a key factor contributing to the social exclusion of poor Chinese people. As the main objective of the Chinese government is to secure social stability rather than to promote social justice, a minimal and stigmatised social assistance scheme was created. As a result, some social groups have been excluded from accessing public benefits because of local governments' discriminatory practices; and many MSLS recipients are unable to make ends meet due to an extremely low level of assistance.


Philip Atkinson addresses the key issues that relate to culture change and 'Lean manufacturing.' He discusses the inability of most organisations to create the culture that will sustain Lean and any other programme of organisational improvement. Failing to plan for change equates to planning to fail. Currently, too much attention is focused on the technical aspects of Lean, rather than the ability to create a self-sustaining Lean culture, where change is seen as the norm and where resistance to change is never an option.


The structural and magnetic properties of NiFe/PtMn bilayers with a (Ni81Fe19)100−xCrx seed layer were investigated. It is found that the pinning field Hex of NiFe/PtMn bilayers is very sensitive to the Cr content of the (Ni81Fe19)100−xCrx seed layer, which can effectively influence the grain size, L10 ordering phase transformation and the critical thickness of PtMn as well as the blocking temperature (Tb). When the Cr content is 40 at%, PtMn shows a large grain size, a small critical thickness and a high blocking temperature, but the degree of L10 ordering phase transformation is weak after annealing, which results in a low pinning field Hex. When the Cr content is below 34 at% or above 50 at%, PtMn has a small grain size, a large critical thickness and a low blocking temperature, but the degree of L10 ordering phase transformation is very good after annealing, resulting in a high pinning field Hex. These results indicate that (Ni81Fe19)100−xCrx can be a promising seed layer in spin valves based on Mn-alloyed antiferromagnets.


Postmortem examination was performed on a female western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) stranded at Tomakomai-shi, Hokkaido, Japan in August, 2007, and amphipod whale lice (Cyamus scammoni) and cirripedian epizoites (Cryptolepas rachianecti) were obtained. The histopathological investigation of the epizoites was given.


Throughput at commercial composting facilities greatly impact operational costs and the overall success of the operation.  Throughput  is defined as  the total amount of input  material  that is processed (treated) to a predetermined level of maturity. Increasing throughput involves accelerating the process of degradation thus reducing the total time required to reach the specified maturity level. Numerous factors affect the process of degradation. Some of these are the material's moisture content. initial C:N ratio, porosity, operating temperature, pH and operational factors such as aeration system and frequency of agitation of the bed of compost. Optimal conditions for composting have been studied and defined in the literature for different types of cumposting systems and compostable materials (Haug. 1993).


In this paper a duality relation between the Mane potential and Mather's action functional is derived in the context of convex and state-dependent Hamiltonians. The duality relation is used to obtain min-max representations of viscosity solutions of first order Hamilton-Jacobi equations. These min-max representations naturally suggest classes of subsolutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations that arise in the theory of large deviations. The subsolutions, in turn, are good candidates for designing efficient rare- event simulation algorithms.


There is no general or special equipment suitable for machining circular-distributed ball-pocket.A universal lather is reconstructed to realize turning and grinding of the pocket.A plan about reconstructing of tool post was proposed,and motorized-spindle of corresponding grinding equipment was designed,grinding quality control of ball-pocket is analyzed.


Data from the World Fertility Survey (WFS) were used to compare the covariates of child mortality in the Philippines Indonesia and Pakistan. The research was based on a new procedure for multivariate analysis of demographic processes which is outlined. For all countries age interval of child and the following 8 covariates were included in the multivariate model: mothers education fathers education mothers current residence by region of the country and by urban/rural status time period of the birth of the child mothers age at the time of the birth birth order of the child and sex of the child. In all countries the largest differential effects in the multivariate models were for age interval. As expected the risk of dying declined the longer a child lived. In all 3 countries greater education for either the mother or father was associated with lower mortality of children. Education of mother had the greater effect in Pakistan and the Philippines but education of father was slightly more important in Indonesia. For both education variables the univariate estimates were larger than the estimates from the multivariate models an indication that the education variables capture some of the variation in the other variables. When these other covariates were controlled in the multivariate models the effect of education were reduced. This decline was particularly pronounced for fathers education in the Philippines when the household variables toilet facility and lighting were included. They like education served as indicators of the familys socioeconomic status and their effect on mortality was smaller in the multivariate model in comparison to the univariate model. As expected the presence of electricity substantially reduced mortality. More modern toilet facilities were associated strongly monotonically and negatively with the risk of death. The change in mortality between education categories varied from country to country and by sex of parent. The results confirm the WFS data can provide useful information on the correlates of infant and child mortality.


1.3 mg, 1.3 mg, and 1.5 mg daily respectively. (5) The reason for co-use of AN is use of an ineffective mood stabilizer, unstable episode, or prolongation of a mixed episode. (6) In the case of comorbidity of DM, DM treatment is essential. The D2 agonist may be useful as a new mood stabilizer. We conclude that blood sugar monitoring is necessary in the treatment of BP with or without DM because BP is, in itself, one of the risk factors of DM.


In February 2007, there was an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a group of Townsville-based Australian Regular Army personnel visiting Gallipoli Barracks in Brisbane, Queensland. Of the 23 patients hospitalised, the majority presented with fevers, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhoea. One patient's presentation mimicked acute appendicitis and he underwent appendicectomy. Stool specimens were negative for parasitic and bacterial pathogens; however, two of the later cases were confirmed as having Norovirus infection. The characteristics of the remaining cases were consistent with Norovirus infection. To our knowledge this is the first reported Norovirus outbreak in Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the height gauge used for praziquantel doses estimation. 258 individuals were recruited. The weight and height of each individual were measured and the number of tablets to be administered was calculated based on each parameter. It appeared from the analysis of height doses, 50 cases of overdoses (19.38%), 117 (45.35%) cases under the normal dose and 91 (35.27%) cases of normal dose. Friedman's ANOVA by Ranks showed a significant difference between the two treatment methods (p-value <0.0001). Besides, according to World Health Organization criteria 50.78% of acceptable doses (30-40 mg/Kg), 97.29% of appropriate doses (3060 mg/Kg), 46.51% of optimal doses (40-60 mg/Kg) and 2.71% of inaccurate doses (< 30mg/Kg) were noted.


This paper examines the culture of voluntary social welfare work in twentieth century settler society in Kenya as an aspect of the history of ideas of active citizenship and civil society between Global North and South. After the First World War, significant numbers of British women settled with their families in the 'White Highlands' of Kenya. Many participated in organized and individual voluntary welfare work as a part of daily life: 'do-good' activity performed in an attempt both to benefit neighbors and to create space for themselves as strangers in a new environment. Made possible through the movement of people and ideas within the hierarchies of power and privilege constructed by imperial rule, voluntary activity by white women in colonial Africa could not, as the women themselves supposed, be apolitical. Rather, it was integral to British imperial governance through the construction and operation of colonial difference—in this case through notions of responsibility for social welfare and the appropriate contribution of women in the public sphere. An aspect of the cultural history of the European diaspora in sub-Saharan Africa, this discussion of voluntary work in Kenya also has ongoing implications for perceptions of difference in civil society and social welfare services between Global North and South, as articulated in contemporary international development discourse and practice. Archival sources used in this study include the private archive of the East Africa Women's League, a dominant colonial voluntary organization in Kenya, as well from the Kenya National Archive and The National Archives, Kew.


Review(s) of: Chinese aerospace power: Evolving maritime roles, by Edited by Andrew S. Erickson and Lyle J. Goldstein, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis MD, 2011.


A broadband high gain endfire antenna is presented in this paper. Broad bandwidth is realized by using a planar out-of-phase power divider with ultra-wideband performance and periodic dipole elements. The device uses two substrates with a common ground plane. A coupling between two microstrip lines on the top and bottom substrate layers through a slot in the common ground plane , and a transition from two microstrip lines to a parallel stripline are used to achieve an ultra-wideband operation. The gain enhancement is achieved by loading split-ring resonator (SRR) structure in the endfire direction. The effect of the SRR-shape unit structure on the gain enhancement is investigated. Both SRR-loaded antenna and unloaded one are fabricated to verify the predications. The measurements show that SRR-loaded antenna presents gain of about 7dB-10dB in the whole working band (3.5GHz-11GHz) ,which is about 2dB-4.5dB more than the unloaded one. This antenna can be used in wireless communication systems for its advantages of the broad bandwidth and high gain.


This master's thesis presents specific model of integration between electronic document management system and other systems in a medium-sized company in Slovenia. The introduction part of the thesis begins with theoretical basis of the research, which is the integration of computer systems. The introduction part is folowed by presentation of a concrete electronic document management system EBA DMS. Central part of the master's thesis presents different methods of integration of electronic document system EBA DMS with other systems in company. Thesis is concluded with the presentation of further work in the field of electronic document management in the company.


Caching techniques have attracted extensive attention, which can significantly reduce peak traffic load and access latency, and improve energy efficiency and quality of service. In this paper, we strive to proactively caching the content requested by the user in periods with low traffic to minimize the total energy consumption and a low complexity algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, we also propose an optimal offline transmission strategy. Considering the cache size is large enough, we can obtain the optimal cache size, which can achieve our optimization goal. Numerical and simulation results show that the optimal data transmission algorithm can significantly reduce the global energy consumption of the network compared with the traditional not caching algorithm. As cache size increases, the superiority of the proposed algorithm becomes more obvious.


Interactions of the ions N/sup +/, F/sup +/, and CO/sub 2//sup +/ with H/sub 2/ and/or its isotopes were examined using the crossed-beam technique in the low ( .. NH/sup +/ + H, complex formation dominates up to 1.9 eV and a substantial interaction occurs between all collision partners up to 3.6 eV. The distribution of N/sup +/ scattered nonreactively from H/sub 2/ also showed a long-lived complex channel below 1.9 eV. The reaction F/sup +/(/sup 3/P) + H/sub 2/ ..-->..FH/sup +/ + H proceeded by a direct reaction mechanism at 0.20 to 1.07 eV. The reaction CO/sub 2//sup +/ + D/sub 2/ ..-->.. DCO/sub 2//sup +/ + D gives asymmetric product distributions at 0.27 eV and above, indicating a direct reaction mechanism. Results indicated that there are probably barriers in the exit channels for DCO/sub 2//sup +/, DCO/sup +/, and D/sub 2/O/sup +/ products. The electronic state distributions of the N/sup +/, F/sup +/, and CO/sub 2//sup +/ beams was investigated using beam attenuation and total luminescence techniques.


Conservative bias in rejection of a null hypothesis from using the continuity correction in the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) procedure was examined through simulation in a differential item functioning (DIF) investigation context in which statistical testing uses a prespecified level α for the decision on an item with respect to DIF. The standard MH chi-square test or continuity-corrected MH chi-square test consistently showed a conservative nature across different sample sizes and different significance levels in rejecting the null (No DIF) and non-null (DIF) conditions, especially in small samples. Two alternative testing approaches, the uncorrected MH chi-square and the MH delta-based z test, both showed proper control of Type I error probabilities and better power than the continuity-corrected MH chi-square test. In hypothesis testing for DIF investigations with small sample sizes, either the uncorrected MH chi-square or the MH delta-based z test is recommended rather than the continuity-corrected MH chi-square test.


The aim of this technical report is to provide a large collection of the main thermos-physical properties of various common construction materials and materials composing the elements inside the indoor environment of residential and office buildings. The Excel file enclosed with this document can be easily used to find thermal properties of materials for building energy and indoor environment simulation or to analyze experimental data. Note: A more recent version of that report and database are available at: https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/thermal-properties-of-building-materials-review-and-database


An elevated level of Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for vascular dementia (VA) and stroke. Cysthathionine β Synthase (CBS) gene is involved in the clearance of Hcy. Homozygous individuals for (CBS-/-) dies early but heterozygous (CBS-/+) survive having high Hcy. γ -Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) is present in the central nervous system and functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Hcy competes with GABA at the GABA A receptor and effects the central nervous system regulation. We hypothesize that Hcy causes a decrease in blood flow to the brain due to increased vascular resistance (VR) and remodeling in carotid artery (CA). Blood pressure and blood flow in CA of WT, CBS -/+, CBS-/+ GABA A -/-double knockout, and GABA A -/- was measured. CA was stained with trichrome stain and brain permeability/edema was measured. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), Tissue Inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-3, TIMP-4), Elastin, and Collagen-III expression were measured by real-time PCR. Results showed an increase in VR in CBS-/+/ GABA A -/-double knockout > CBS -/+/ > GABA A -/- compared to WT mice. Reduced cerebral blood flow (ischemic episode) is caused by an increase in VR, leading to edema. Increased MMP-2, MMP-9, Collagen-III and TIMP-3 mRNA levels were found in GABA A -/- , CBS -/+, CBS -/+/ GABA A double knockouts compared to WT. The levels of TIMP-4 and elastin were decreased which indicative of arterial is remodeling. These results suggested that Hcy caused arterial remodeling, in part by increase in collagen/elastin ratio thereby increasing vascular resistance leading to decrease in CA blood flow.


A benzene-heavy water mixture (26.7 at.% deuterium) was irradiated by Co/ sup 60/ gamma rays at 170 r/sec for 250 hours. The obtained data confirmed a previous postulation that the products of benzene radio-oxidation in aqueous solution are produced by the recombination of C/sub 6/H/sub 7/ radicals in C/sub 6/H/sub 6/OH* formed as a result of the attachament of hydrogen atoms and OH radicals to benzene molecules. Moreover. the ratio of deuterimn concentrations in 0 = H- and C -H product bonds is about 2: 1, confirming that C/sub 6/H/sub 6/ OD* radicals form about twice as often as C/sub 6/H/sub 6/D*. (R.V.J.)


The normal way of organising an electric power exchange has been as an integrated part of the national grid company. This approach was selected in the U.K. and Norway. In New Zealand the electric power exchange is independently owned. In Sweden and in the whole of Scandinavia, the question is currently under discussion.


This article focuses on the challenge of pedestrian tracking using camera and millimeter wave (MMW) radar in autonomous driving. Pedestrian tracking using a single sensor has inherent limitations due to the lack of comprehensive dimensionality of tracking information. Meanwhile, the existing multisensor-based tracking algorithms suffer from limited tracking accuracy by applying the fusion of projected positions. To enhance the tracking accuracy and robustness, a multisensor-based tracking algorithm based on fused detection of MMW radar and vision is proposed, which improves the association of detection results from multiple heterogeneous sensors by utilizing newly designed back-projection and undirected graph, and finally improves the fusion detection by simultaneously utilizing a pedestrian's appearance, and local and global location information. Field tests are conducted to produce dataset, and the performance evaluation results based on the self-produced dataset have verified the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the conventional single-sensor-based tracking algorithm and multisensor-based tracking algorithms.


Transformers are very powerful tools for a variety of tasks across domains, from text generation to image captioning. However, transformers require substantial amounts of training data, which is often a challenge in biomedical settings, where high quality labeled data can be challenging or expensive to obtain. This study investigates the efficacy of Compact Convolutional Transformers (CCT) for robust medical image classification with limited data, addressing a key issue faced by conventional Vision Transformers - their requirement for large datasets. A hybrid of transformers and convolutional layers, CCTs demonstrate high accuracy on modestly sized datasets. We employed a benchmark dataset of peripheral blood cell images of eight distinct cell types, each represented by approximately 2,000 low-resolution (28x28x3 pixel) samples. Despite the dataset size being smaller than those typically used with Vision Transformers, we achieved a commendable classification accuracy of 92.49% and a micro-average ROC AUC of 0.9935. The CCT also learned quickly, exceeding 80% validation accuracy after five epochs. Analysis of per-class precision, recall, F1, and ROC showed that performance was strong across cell types. Our findings underscore the robustness of CCTs, indicating their potential as a solution to data scarcity issues prevalent in biomedical imaging. We substantiate the applicability of CCTs in data-constrained areas and encourage further work on CCTs.


(10 pt) In this paper, the nonlinear seismic behavior of three concrete frames with unsymmetrical plan in three, four and five stories are evaluated. The plan configurations of these space frames contain reentrant corners, where both projections of the structure beyond a reentrant corner are greater than 33 percent of the plan dimension of the structure in the given direction. For each of these structures, bare and infilled frames are considered. In the present analysis, three types of infill arrangements and material types (strong and weak) have been considered. The results show that infill walls have generally beneficial effects. In using the weak infill walls, the improvement in the capacity curve is less than 15%. On the other hand, for the strong infill walls considerable increases in the capacity have been observed.


50. Femqvist-Forbes, Wahren J. Hilding A. Brismar K 1994 Circulating epinephrine stimulates the secretion of IGFBP-I in humans. Growth Regul 4(suppl 1):92(abstr 1175) 51. Lindgren BF, lsaksson M. Stem I, Hall K 1993 Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 from Hep G2 cells is potently inhibited by truncated IGF-I analogue des(1-3)IGF-I. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 128:81-87 52. Chernausek SD, Beach DC. Banach W, Sperling MA 1987 Characteristics of hepatic receptors for somatomedin-Uinsulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin in the developing human. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64:737-743 53. Suikkari A-M, Baxter RC 1991 Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein3 in pregnancy serum binds native IGF-I but not iodo-IGF-I. 3 Clin Endocrinol Metab 73: 1377-1379 54. Westgren M. Selbing A. Stangenberg M 1989 Fetal growth and fetal gluwse and C-peptide levels in relation to the degree of anemia in fetuses affected by rhesus isoimmunization. Acta Obstet Gynewl S a n d 68309-31 1 55. Utter GO. Socol ML. Dooley SL, MacGregor SN, Millard DD 1990 Is intrauterine transfusion associated with diminished fetal growth? Am J Obstet Gynecol 163:1781-1784


This paper describes a multi-region computable general equilibrium model for analyzing the effectiveness of measures and policies for mitigating North China's water scarcity with respect to three different groups of scenarios. The findings suggest that a reduction in groundwater use would negatively affect economic growth and household incomes. A planned water-transfer project would improve economic development and reduce the over-exploitation of local water resources, while water demand management policies would improve water-use efficiency through reallocating water to those sectors having a higher marginal product value. Several important policy implications are drawn from these findings.


This work presents a CPC measurement data set of an impressive 26 years from the Neumayer station in Antarctica. Such long data sets of aerosol measurements are rare even from the more accessible locations in the world. The work gives an important insight on the long term trends of atmospheric particle concentrations and illustrates the spatial extent of anthropogenic particulate pollution. In this case, it would appear that the Neumayer station is not influenced by anthropogenic aerosols, given that there ex-


An optimal control method allowing to achieve the high dynamic performances of switched-mode power converters described by the second-order difference equation is offered. To this purpose, control vector is formed as a linear combination of differences of system variables, and matrix transformation of the linear equation to the nilpotent form is implemented. This control approach gives an ability to achieve a convergence of transient in a fixed point within two steps and to remain this property under regulation and perturbation of system parameters. Matrix transformation of the equation to the nilpotent form is realized by the system solution of the linear algebraic equations regarding the multipliers at the differences of system state variables. A proposed control method can be used as a basis for development of systems with as much as possible high dynamic behavior. To confirm the efficiency of this method, the system for load current control of a PWM buck converter is resulted as an example of the switched-mode power supply.


The Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin is carrying out two accelerator projects which make use of high gradient Continuous Wave (CW) Superconducting Radiofrequency (SRF) cavities: bERLinPro and BESSY-VSR. In both projects, a prompt detection of a quench is crucial to avoid damages in the cryomodules and cavities themselves. In this paper, the response of real time estimation of the cavity parameters using the transmitted and forward RF signals is simulated, in order to perform the quench detection. The time response of the estimated half bandwidth is compared with the dissipated energy in the cavity walls for the different type of SRF cavities used in both projects, i.e., bERLinPro's photoinjector, booster and linac, and BESSY-VSR 1.5 GHz and 1.75 GHz cavities. As an intermediate step prior to the implementation in an mTCA.4 system together with the LLRF control and test with a real cavity, the algorithm has been implemented using a National Instruments FPGA board to check its proper behavior.


The focus of this study is the mineralogical interpretation of the determined geochemical associations in the Milin Kamak deposit. Based on the results of the factor analysis, an attempt was made for interpretation of the factor axes by mineralogical studies and EPMA analysis. Three factor associations are related to the hydrothermal ore-forming processes. The main factor axes related to Au is quartz-polymetallic stage and is represented by pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite.


The gravitational equilibrium of static, spherically symmetric, Newtonian systems consisting of a collisionless semidegenerate Fermi gas is studied. A cutoff in the phase space distribution function of the particles is introduced in order to avoid the problems arising from the infinite radius of semi-degenerate configurations when the usual Fermi-Dirac function is used. Here, the more general case of a cutoff in energy and angular momentum is considered, the latter giving an anisotropy in the velocity space


The effectiveness of intraperitonial injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) followed 4 days later by either HCG, salmon pituitary extract or des-Gly^(10)[D-Ala^6] LHRHa-ethylamide on ovulation of the coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, were investigated and the results were discussed.


The present study extended Gong and Fan's (2006) research with sojourning students' adjustment, by investigating the effects of dispositional goal ori entation (learning, performance-prove, and performance-avoid ; VandeWalle, 1997), and self-efficacy in work and sociocultural competence, on two aspects of expatri ates' cross-cultural adjustment (operationalised as work adjustment and job satisfaction). Participants wer e 125 Western expatriate workers based in nine different Asian countries (68% male and 32% female; ranging from 24 to 62 years of age), who completed a questionnaire on expatriate adjustment. Learning goal orientation ( a d not performance-prove or performance-avoid goal orientation) was positively associated with work se lfefficacy, work adjustment, and job satisfaction. Regression analysis of work adjustment revealed that the best predictor was age followed by work self-effica cy. A second regression analysis showed a medium effect s ize for sociocultural efficacy as the final predictor o f j b satisfaction. Three-step mediation analysis (Baron & Kenny, 1986) indicated that work self-efficacy medi ated the relationship between learning goal orientation and work adjustment. Similarly, sociocultural efficacy mediated the relationship between learning goal orientation and expatriate job satisfaction.


Carbon fibers with a chemical vapor-deposited silicon nitride surface film have been investigated with core and valence band x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ability of the films to protect the fibers from oxidation was evaluated by heating, by argon and oxygen ion etching and by using an electrical biasing potential. Oxygen ion etching appears to oxidize the Si3N4 to SiO2, whereas argon etching removes the oxide and any hydrocarbon surface layer. The valence band data for Si3N4, Si2N2O, and SiO2 are interpreted by multiple scattered wave Xα calculations. The films crack when an electrical potential is applied, and the cracking is reproducible and irreversible, occurring particularly with a negative potential bias. We find chemical shifts on the core levels consistent with differential charging of the silicon nitride coating, an observation that is supported by sample biasing experiments. The work suggests that the cracking of the silicon nitride coating will significantly limit its effectiveness in protecting carbon fibers and carbon–carbon composites from oxidation.


AbstractWe sought to evaluate empirically the notion that previously observed racial differences in secondary prevention of stroke relate to the characteristics of nursing homes in which people of color reside.We identified 18,577 people recently hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of ischemic stroke in 6 states from 1992 to 1996, of which 6,910 residents living in 689 homes had concomitant conditions indicating anticoagulant therapy. Facility factors evaluated included structural (e.g., size), resources (e.g., staffing), and financial (e.g., for profit). Generalized linear models provided estimates of the effect of facility factors on receipt of warfarin adjusted by potential confounders.Residents classified as black, not of Hispanic origin, were less likely than residents classified as non-Hispanic white to receive warfarin. For profit homes (vs. non-profit) were least likely to provide residents warfarin (resident and facility factor adjusted OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70-0.94). Residing in a home...


Once upon a time, urban hydrologic analysis and design simply meant quantifying and planning for the larger peak flows associated with floods in an urban setting Leopold 1968. While amplified flood peaks and runoff volumes are certainly common results of urbanization, other hydrologic consequences of urbanization include decreased baseflow; increased loads of nutrients, sediment, and heavy metals; and large thermal shock loading of the stream. These latter effects have become particularly apparent in more recent years as engineers and others have come to view the stream channel more holistically. Of particular importance is the recent engagement of the ecological community in the study and quantification of urban storm water systems. An urbanized landscape has many hallmarks, but the presence of many impervious areas is probably the most pervasive, relevant characteristic leading to hydrologic impacts Arnold and Gibbons 1996. In this issue, the authors focus on the role of imperviousness in mediating the hydrology of an urbanized landscape. The important collection of papers assembled here spans a spectrum of issues from water quality impacts, to methods of measurement, to modeling considerations, to policy implications. However, all papers are unified by the central role imperviousness plays in urbanized watersheds. I would like to take a few moments to provide a bit of an overview to the papers contained in this issue. Although there is considerable crossover of themes among all papers, it is possible to group these papers into several broad categories: • Central role of imperviousness in influencing hydrology; • Ongoing basic research quantifying the effects of imperviousness on hydrologic response; • Surface runoff characterization of impervious areas; • Hydrologic modeling with imperviousness; • Imperviousness mitigation design; and • Impervious cover policy: issues, implications, and consequences. I will expand a bit on each of these themes to serve as an


A decline in endothelial function as measured by flow mediated dilatation (FMD) is an early independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has been seen in diabetes (1)and following the menopause in women (2). Whether exercise training can improve endothelial function to the same magnitude in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes compared to those without diabetes is unclear and the purpose of the present study. 38apparentlyhealthypostmenopausalwomen(ND)and15postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2) volunteered for this study. All participants completed a maximal exercise test for the assessment of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and were assessedforwaistcircumferenceandpercentagebodyfatviaskinfoldanalysis,FMDviareactivehyperaemiaandultrasound,blood pressure via shygmomanometry and HOMA via fasting blood sampling. Participants were then randomised into body mass matched exercise training or control groups. The exercise training group trained under supervision twice per week (+one home session) at 55, rising to 75% VO2peak for six months. The control participants continued life as normal. Following the six month intervention all baseline assessments were repeated and the impactofexercisetraininguponFMDcomparedbetweenNDand T2 groups via two way mixed mode ANOVA (time x group). The control data were assessed separately and confirmed no change in any variable over 6 months in either the ND or T2 women. At baseline there were no significant differences in VO2peak (ND: 24.4 ±3.6, T2: 21.2 ±5.6 ml.kg.min-1), percentage body fat (ND: 37.9 ±5.2, T2: 40.6 ±5.6 %), blood pressure (ND MAP: 91 ±10, T2:100±12mmHg)orFMD(ND:4.2±2.9,T2:4.1±2.9%)between the ND and T2 women (P > 0.05). HOMA was greater in the T2 women (ND: 1.7 ±0.1, T2: 4.7 ±2.0 P < 0.05). Following training VO2peak improved more so in the ND than the T2 women (to 29.82±5.6and24.50±6.7ml.kg.min-1,respectively(interaction P=0.06),whilstwaistcircumferencedecreasedbyagreatermagnitude in the T2 participants (ND: -0.5, T2: 3 cm: interaction P < 0.05). Blood pressure and HOMA were not significantly affected by training (P > 0.05). FMD improved to 7.0 ±2.9 and 7.1 ± 2.0 % in the ND and T2 women respectively, but importantly there was no difference between groups in the magnitude of improvement (interaction P > 0.05). The impact of exercise training upon endothelial function was biologically significant even in a milieu of low oestrogen concentration plus insulin resistance. Meyer, M. et al. (2008) Impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in type 2 diabetes: lack of relation to microvascular dysfunction. Microvasc Res. 76(1):61-5.


This paper analysis various challenges faced in optimizing computing resource utilization via load balancing and presents a platform-independent model for load balancing which targets high availability of resources, low SLA (Service Level agreement) violations and saves power. To achieve this, incoming requests are monitored for sudden burst, a prediction model is employed to maintain high availability and a power-aware algorithm is applied for choosing a suitable physical node for a virtual host. The proposed dynamic load balancing model provides a way to conflicting goals of saving power and maintaining high resource availability. For anyone building a private, public or hybrid IaaS cloud infrastructure, load balancing of virtual hosts on a limited number of physical nodes, becomes a crucial aspect. This paper analysis various challenges faced in optimizing computing resource utilization via load balancing and presents a platform independent model for load balancing which targets high availability of resources, low SLA (Service Level agreement) violations and saves power. To achieve this, incoming requests are monitored for sudden burst, prediction model is employed to maintain high availability and power aware algorithm is applied for choosing a suitable physical node for virtual host. The proposed dynamic load balancing model provides a way to conflicting goals of saving power and maintaining high resource availability.


In light of the new NHS coronavirus regulations to cancel non-emergency procedures, this article explains what this means for patients and their rights to healthcare


Spherical silica particles were prepared via Ar-H2 inductively coupled plasma with irregular fused silica powder.The effect of feeding rate on the spheroidization efficiency was investigated by modeling.The epoxy resin,curing agent,curing accelerator,ordinary silica and spherical silica were mixed at different mass fraction to prepare a silica/epoxy resin composite under ultrasonic dispersion and heating curing.The phase composition,morphology,particle size,purity and filling properties of the particles before and after spheroidization were characterized.The results show that the silica particles after plasma processing have well-dispersity and smooth surfaces,and their spheroidization ratio is almost 100%.The loose density,tap density and powder flowability increase after plasma treatment.The loose density increases from 0.62g/cm3 to 0.91g/cm3 and the tap density increases from 0.92g/cm3 to 1.23g/cm3.The powder flowbility increases to 76s/(50g).The spheroidization ratio of silica powders decreases gradually with increasing the feeding rate.Furthermore,the purity after plasma process increases to99.95%.Compared to ordinary silica powder,the spherical silica powder has a greater filling level.The thermal expansion coefficient of spherical silica/epoxy resin composite is 10.1×10--6/℃ when the spherical silica content in the composite is 75%.


The new OSOLUNA 12 is a must listen for all of you dark hardcore / post metal lovers. This magnificent hybrid from Torrelavega, Spain tores through ...


Objective: 1. To learn the incidence and the types of perceived physical and psychological problems in children and adolescents with cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) in rural Colombia 2. To learn the risk factors in mothers of CL and CP children Design: The study was prospective and descriptive in nature. All the eligible patients and families were given a survey to evaluate demographics as well as physical and psychological issues. The survey was a written questionnaire. A local translator was present on site to help with survey questions. Setting: The project was conducted in the rural underserved area of Armenia, Columbia in January 2014. Cliníca de la Sagrada Familia in Armenia supported the project. Patients and Participants: Patients who were pre-selected to undergo surgery were given surveys. They answered questions by themselves, as much they were able to. Mothers provided answers for questions that patients could not answer. In cases where patients were too young, the mothers answered the entire survey for the patient. However, mothers answered specific questions pertaining to their demographics and risk factors. Main Outcome Measures: The incidence of perceived physical and psychological impairments in patients and risk factors in mothers in Armenia, Columbia were reported. Results: A total of 24 surveys were completed by patients and in some cases their families, when the patient was too young. The median age among children and adolescents was 17 years. The reported physical defects included problems with swallowing (42%), speaking (32%), dental (32%), and breathing (26%). The psychological problems reported included bullying (50%), depression (33%), and poor school performance (33%). However, the psychological impact reported was greater in patients above 24 years of age. Conclusions: Children, adolescents, and adults reported both physical and psychological issues from cleft lip and cleft palate. We believe it is imperative that patients receive a thorough assessment of both their perceived physical and psychological issues at a young age. Risk factors included genetic inheritance, possibly diabetic mothers, possible exposure to chemicals such as various fertilizers, and possibly pregnancy of mothers at a young age. However, a study involving a larger population is required.


It is considered astonishing that the 1st issue of this journal did not mention the work of the Family Life Centre of the Indian Social Institute the only such center recognized by the government. The present director is Father J.M. Casanovas. The aim of the program is to: 1) teach couples to use the ovulation method 2) train doctors and social workers to become teachers of the method 3) institute a behavioral study of users and 4) institute a study of increased libido in Indian women. Mission stations are operating at Kanhei Khera Khurd Sonepat and Madangir. The method has been taught to non-Catholics in civilian military hospital and labor environments. Those individuals who had been issued certificates of ovulation method use were exempted from compulsory sterilization. The areas covered thus far are Janakpuri R.K. Puram Karol Bagh Old Delhi and areas of Cathedral Parish.


I would like to give attention to that portion of the American Political Science Review which is most read and least criticized, the book review section. My reading of APSR book reviews in recent years leads me to the following observations: Most of the books selected for review adhere to the orthodox ideological values of today's political establishment. More importantly, these books almost invariably are reviewed by political scientists who share the same centrist ideological slant as the authors they are reviewing. In the reviews dealing with international relations, for instance, cold war terms like "totalitarianism", "Castroism", "subversion" and "Free World" are employed uncritically. Western capitalist nations are described as having "governments", while socialist nations are said to have "regimes", usually identified as being under the tutelage of one personage, hence: "Mao Tse-tung's regime", and "Fidel Castro's Cuba". The idea that popular sentiments and democratic in-puts might be part of the governance of countries like Cuba or China is not entertained.


On the basis of two experimental areas put in the pine plantings of the Divnogorsk local forest area, the regularities of the subgrowth trunk form change are considered in the article. The table for the determination of the small-sized pine trunk volume is developed.


Both 2D and 3D methods can be used for modeling a rotor system with local thermal bending,but comparisons of the two methods and their applications are still not reported.The two methods were discussed in detail based on heat transfer and rotor dynamics theories in rotor system with local thermal bending.The efficiency and accuracy of the two methods were compared through analyses of thermal field,thermal deflection and thermal bending vibration of an actual rotor system.The results show that the 2D thermal field analysis has lower accuracy but higher computational efficiency,which is suitable for concentrated heat input,while the 3D method has higher accuracy but lower computational efficiency,which is suitable for dispersed heat input.


, respectively. The existence of oxygen led to obtain the polymer with higher molecular weight, which can be attributed to the occurrence of the subsequent polymerization induced by active polymer end group. In the photocrosslinking reaction, the dependence of DMPA content on initial rate has been found. A principal reason is that the sample contained higher percentage of DMPA has higher light-absorbed efficiency. In solid film, higher concentration of DMPA is permitted to be used because there is little excited state self-quenching effect in the rigid medium.


We propose a Markov decision based dynamic programming method to manipulate the self-assembly of a quadrupole colloidal system for grain-boundary-free two-dimensional crystals. To construct the optimal control policy, we developed a Markov chain model, based on information extracted from a Langevin dynamics simulation model, which originated from a more complicated Brownian dynamics model. An infinite-horizon Markov decision process is defined, and the optimal control policy is solved with dynamic programming using policy iteration. Both the Markov chain Monte Carlo and the Langevin dynamics simulation results demonstrate that the control strategy is able to significantly accelerate the crystallization of a SiO2 colloidal self-assembly process for a grain-boundary-free, highly ordered crystal. Future work will focus on implementation of the control policy on the Brownian dynamics simulation and the experiments.


The paper presents empirical study of the level of organizational acculturation and the frequency of use of coping strategies in Bulgarian sample. The relationship between them and their dependence on socio-demographic factors were also examined. The aim of the research conducted was to verify the hypotheses that certain socio-demographic factors had a statistically significant impact on the phenomena studied, and that the use of controloriented coping strategies was related to higher levels of acculturation in organization. The results obtained when applying analysis of variance indicated statistically significant differences in the level of acculturation and the frequency of use of coping strategies depending on part of the socio-demographic factors observed, confirming partially the first hypothesis formulated. The second hypothesis was fully confirmed. The findings of correlation analysis indicated that high levels of acculturation in organization correlated statistically significantly with the coping strategies of Increasing efforts, Confidence in success, Change of situation and Time management, all of which are part of the control-oriented coping.


This paper presents design and simulation of wideband power amplifier based on multi-section Wilkinson power divider. Class-A topology and ATF-511P8 transistor have been used. Advanced Design System (ADS) software used to simulate the designed power amplifier. The simulation results show an input return loss (S11) 10 dB over the entire bandwidth, and an output power around 28dBm at the Centre frequency of 3GHz. The designed amplifier is stable over the entire bandwidth (K>1). Inter-modulation distortion is -65.187dBc which is less than -50dBc. The designed amplifier can be used for the microwave applications which include weather radar, satellite communication, wireless networking, mobile, and TV.


For indigenous, setller and migrant cultures, places operate very differently. Creating places in digital media is always a matter of transience for all three. This is not only a matter of the ephemerality of the medium. It concerns the relationship between the user and the artefact. The transient places created in digital media are not traditional, even when they draw on and place themselves in relation to tradition


Objective: To analyze the effect of the treatment of a collaborative approach-dynamic fixation to the infant's congenital talipes equinovarus. Methods: Under the gradual manual correction, massage the contractive muscle to make it lytic and unfold. First, correct the propes' adduction, inversion, and heel inversion. And then fix the corrected foot to the Ectocnemial plank.The cured lateral plank was removed. With the pyramid arch pad above and the whole foot with heel and the dorsifl down, the plantar flexion is corrected. Then fix the whole foot as the pose of the dorsifl, abduce, ecstrophy, and heel ecstrophy. When the propes and ankle joints displayed the physiological functions, remove the external fixation and after do the functional activities. Result: The shortest course of treatment was 27 days, and the longest one was 139 days. And all the follow-up was acquired. No one returned to abnormal. The fineness rate was 98.55% and the cure rate was 100%. Appearance and the function were normal. There were no complaints. Conclusions: The treatment to the infant's congential talipes equinovarus by the collaborative approach---dynamic fixation has a high cure rate and no sequelae.This approach is easy, and the course of treatment is short with low cost. And the injury is subtle, remaining the beautiful appearance. It's safe and reliable, avoiding the tedious treatment and reduce the spend, etc.


Objective To observe clinical effect of the pedicle screw combined percutaneous vertebraplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Methods 13 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,including11 male 4 cases of vertebral body,female 9 cases 24 vertebral body; all patients have two or more vertebral fractures,and at least one vertebral burst fracture. Through the preoperative and postoperative 1 d pain visual analog scale( VAS),observe clinical curative effect. Results All patients with preoperative VAS score was 8. 9 ± 1. 4 points,postoperative VAS score was2. 1 ± 0. 8 points,the differences were statistically significant( P 0. 05),intraoperative bone cement leakage in 2 cases 3 vertebral body. Conclusion There is a significant effects of the pedicle screw combined percutaneous vertebraplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture,can quickly relieve back pain,reduce bleeding and operation time.


It is shown that a fully self-consistent equation of state with realistic interactions gives entropy in excellent agreement with recent experimental data. We suggest that entropy production can be reasonably approximated by a free Fermi gas with effective mass.


Copyright: © 2015 Black T, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. A woman has been suffering from cancer since her early age. Her husband refused for the treatment of kidney as she was suffering from cancer and due to some financial problem too. During the treatment we found the cancer patient suffering from kidney disorder. Presenting some original clinical images of the surgery (Figures 1-4).


Foreword by Ralph Nader Preface Chapter One: Our Sports Have Been Seized By the Forces of Ego and Greed Chapter Two: Transition to Community Ownership Model Needed to Empower Fans Chapter Three: Concussion Research Can't Be Ignored Chapter Four: It's Time to Take Adult Egos Out of Youth Sports Chapter Five: College Sports: Where Do We Go From Here? Chapter Six: PE and Sports for All Students Chapter Seven: Sports World Needs More Humanistic Coaches Chapter Eight: Clear Actions Need to Be Taken to Ensure Equal Opportunity in Sports for All Americans Chapter Nine: It's Time to Establish a National Sports Commission Chapter Ten: Sports Media is Dropping the Ball on Social, Cultural, and Economic Issues in Sports Chapter Eleven: Calling All Potential Sports Reformers Appendix: Action Plan and Resources About the Author About League of Fans


The increasing demand for petroleum products in India will enforce exploration activity to expand into frontier areas such as the Himalayan Foothills belt having an area of approximately 30000sq.km mostly consists of Mesoproterozoic-Cenozoic rocks. Twenty three wells have so far been drilled in this basin, but no major source rock sequences have been identified. Due the lack of commercial discovery/producing wells, the identified petroleum systems are only speculative. However, hydrocarbon shows in some of the drilled wells and gas seeps in different parts of the basin are indications that hydrocarbon generation and migration have taken place. In the drilled wells, Late Paleocene-Mid Eocene was not penetrated but in the exposed Late Paleocene-Mid Eocene sections, two oil shows in bituminous limestone are known near Mandi and Punch. The associated coal in the Late Paleocene-Mid Eocene outcrops of Jangal-Gali has attained metamorphism that is normally noticed in the peak-mature oil source beds. This may be due to local tectonic factors.


Effects of varying the spacing on the flow characteristics of air stream between the corrugated plates are studied experimentally.. Such plates are widely used in heat exchangers to improve heat transfer performance. Experiments are performed for air flow through the space between a pair of the walls, whose surfaces are formed in rows of triangular waves . It is demonstrated that the pressure drop coefficient first increases with varying the interwall spacing, reaches its maximum value and then decreases. The value of the spacing producing the maximum pressure drop depends upon the angle of the triangle. The pressure drop given above is compared with the results of -velocity distributions by hot wire anemometer and visualized flow characteristics.


Key management in sensor networks is the core security protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the hostile environment. Sensor nodes have highly constrained resource like limited battery power, memory, processing capabilities, etc. These limitations make infeasible to apply traditional key management techniques such as public key cryptography in the WSNs. For the existing key pre-distribution schemes, as the number of compromised nodes increases, the fraction of affected pairwise keys increase quickly. As a result, a small number of compromised nodes may affect a large fraction of pairwise. In this paper, we present an efficient key management scheme to deal with this problem. In the proposed scheme, after pairwise key establishment all attackers can't get any key information of uncompromised sensor nodes from compromised sensors. The analysis shows that this scheme provides robustness in design and outperforms the previous schemes in term of the network resiliency against the node capture without increasing the memory requirement.


To obtain high seed quality, good fertilization practices are essential due to its influence not only on seed yield and weight, but also controlling the development of seedlings anomalies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different forms of fertilization on yield and physiological quality of upland rice seeds. It was used nitrogen fertilization in coverage as urea and foliar fertilization with macro and micronutrients. The treatments consist of various sources and forms of fertilization, in a randomized block design, as follows: covering at tillering with N at 34 kg ha-1; covering at floral primordium with N at 34 kg ha-1; foliar fertilization at tillering; foliar fertilization in floral primordium; covering with N at 34 kg ha-1 in tillering and foliar fertilization in floral primordium; only basic fertilization and treatment without fertilization. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer with urea, at tillering and floral primordium at 34 kg ha-1 of N increased the production of rice seeds. In addition, coverage with urea and foliar fertilization containing macro and micronutrients increased rice seeds yield and physiological quality.


Korean Juvenile Act 2007 introduced reconciliation recommendation system, thus it is possible for Juvenile court judges to take means for recommending...


In this paper the interconnection problem in signal-flow digital simulation models is raised. A type of middleware, called virtual electrical bus model, is proposed to solve such a problem in electric vehicle powertrain, thus extends the scalability of the system. Analysis on the process of digital simulation shows that models applying the middleware can be compatible to traditional ones. The model is implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The stability of the middleware is studied and some experimental results in the modeling of electrical vehicles powertrain is given.


Purpose
The intelligent identification of stains can quickly and accurately identify stains. At present, stains are identified subjectively by appearance, color, taste, feel, location, etc. Color is an important factor in identifying stains. K/S value is used to analyze the color of textile fabric, and it has additivity. The purpose of the study is to explore its application in stain recognition is of great significance to intelligent washing.

Design/methodology/approach
A certain method used to stain the textile, then the K/S value of the textile before and after the stain was analyzed and tested by the color difference instrument. The K/S curve of the stain was calculated by the addition of K/S, and then the stain was identified and distinguished.

Findings
The K/S value of the textile stained with stains could be deducted by the K/S value of the color difference meter. After deducting the base cloth, the K/S curve of the same stain is basically the same. Then the stain can be identified and analyzed.

Research limitations/implications
The K/S value can be used for stain analysis, but it needs to be analyzed and tested in the laboratory.

Practical implications
This study provides a simple method for stains identification.

Originality/value
In addition to common methods of stain identification, such as appearance, color, feel, smell, location, stain removal materials, breaking the substrate, IR, etc., K/S value can be used for stain analysis. Identifying stains and washing them in a targeted way to achieve a better washing effect could provide certain technical support for the development of smart washing and smart home appliances.


This paper aims showing, briefly, how the administrative silence and its effects, negative and positive, are treated, normatively, in the Latin American countries legal systems, that, as the European model, regulate the institute both by specific law a by rules, inserted in the respective administrative rule. Seeking to show which effect is gonna be preponderate before the formal inactivity of Administration, this paper maps the Chilean, Ecuadorian, Colombian, Mexican, Agentinian and Peruvian legal regimes about the subject matter.


The structure function $g_1(x,Q^2)$ is analysed within the formalism based on unintegrated spin dependent parton distributions incorporating the LO Altarelli-Parisi evolution and the double $ln^2(1/x)$ resummation at low $x$. We quantitatively examine possible role of the latter for the small $x$ behaviour of the structure functions $g_1$ of the nucleon within the region which may be relevant for the possible polarized HERA measurements. We show that while the non-singlet structure function is dominated at low $x$ by ladder diagrams the contribution of the non-ladder bremsstrahlung terms is important for the singlet structure function. Predictions for the polarized gluon distribution $\Delta G(x,Q^2)$ at low $x$ are also given.


OBJECTIVE To clarify the relationship between STX4 gene polymorphism and warfarin dosage difference between individuals in Han population in Beijing who receive long-term warfarin as anticoagulant therapy.METHODS PCR amplification-ligase detection reaction(LDR) method was used to genotype the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) loci of STX4,and INR was use as the clinical indicator.SPSS17.0 software was utilized to analyze the data.RESULTS 207 Patients were included.STX4 gene mutation rate was 93.96% and heterozygous type was 10.14% with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium balance.Warfarin dosage in different genotype groups were significantly different,without significant difference of INR values between groups.CONCLUSION There is a significant effect of STX4 polymorphism on stable dosage of warfrain,which may be one good indicator for warfarin individualization.


A series of novel N‐triazolo‐benzene sulfonamides‐1,5‐benzodiazepines 9a–d and 10d were designed and prepared through the copper‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry procedure, reacting the N1‐propargyl‐1,5‐benzodiazepine 2 and the N1,N5‐dipropargyl analog 6 with various benzene sulfonamide azides 8a–d. The synthesized compounds were found to show nanomolar affinity toward relevant isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase such as hCA I, II, IV, VII, IX, and XII. The divalent derivative 10d showed a particularly high inhibitory activity against all hCA isoforms when compared with acetazolamide, and showed potent multivalent effects, better than reported previously for divalent CA inhibitors.


This symposium on glaucoma was held in early 1966 and covered a great deal of ground. The first of the book (186 pages) consists of formal presentations of selected topics by individual panelists. The second section (101 pages) is the proceedings of several informal round-table discussions in which the panelists responded to questions and discussed specific cases of glaucoma. The topics covered in the first section were pathology of the outflow channels (Zimmerman), diagnosis (Pollack), the optic nerve (Kronfeld), steroids and glaucoma (Armaly), miotics (Shaffer), epinephrine (Becker), osmotic agents (Becker), and surgery (Haas). Zimmerman's chapter is a masterful combination of text and photomicrographs, undoubtedly the best presentation of this subject ever written. Armaly's work on steroids is extremely well presented with a very thorough logical development. In general, most of the topics are well covered and up to date. Round-table discussions by a group of distinguished panelists frequently touch upon


: The goal of this study is to improve the analysis of the stability of pillars and to answer the question of the choice of the pillar strength using an empirical approach. The pillar strength depends mainly on twofactors:theuniaxialcompressionstrengthandthepillargeometry.WehaveshowninthisstudytheimportanceofgeometryofpillarsbycomparingcalculationswithandwithouttheeffectofW/Hratio(slenderness).Thesensitivityoftheparametricstudybasedontheempiricalrelationshipsconvergestothesameresistanceofthepillardespitethedifferencebetweenthecoefficientsoftheseempiricalrelationships.Themethodologywasappliedtocasestudies(France).TheapplicationoftheserelationshipscanhelptoexplainthecollapseofClamartmine(Paris).Generally,andintheabsenceofdata,itwillcertainlybemoreprudenttousetherelationshipsavailabletakingintoaccounttheeffectofuncertainty.


A method and system provides the user of a computing device with information, analysis, suggestions and/or recommendations relating to the user's financial information and/or purchasing history, in relation to an electronic commerce transaction initiated by the user at the computing device, prior to, during, or after completion of the electronic commerce transaction.


The present paper reviews several ways feedback control theory has been used to describe tracking behavior and several qualitative experimental techniques. These techniques require only ordinal-level measurement and may aid any researcher investigating behavior whose temporal patterning is critical and which involves fairly continuous changes over time. One possible application in the area of stuttering behavior is presented in detail to show how these techniques can provide useful insights and hypotheses. Other suggested areas of application include the behavior of human social groups, motivational behavior, and emotional behavior.