Uganda has a number of institutions that carry out research both for decision making and evidence based planning. This data is described using various standards and is disseminated to various stakeholders. Some of these stakeholders who are researchers re-use the data for further analysis. The Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) on the other hand is an international standard for describing the data produced by surveys and other observational methods in the social, behavioral, economic, and health sciences. DDI is a free standard that can document and manage different stages in the research data lifecycle, such as conceptualization, collection, processing, distribution, discovery, and archiving. This paper shall examine the challenges the research institutions face when sharing research data. The objectives of the research are; to find out whether the research institutions use DDI for data sharing; to find out the challenges they face; and propose ways in which they can use DDI to improve data sharing.


The effects of sintered temperature,composition and rare earth ions on the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of(1-x)CaTiO3-x(Li1/2Ln1/2)TiO3(x=0.3,0.5;Ln=La,Nd,Sm) ceramics were investigated.From the X-ray diffraction patterns,orthorhombic perovskite phase was formed in ceramics,while the second phase Nd2Ti2O7 was formed in(1-x)CaTiO3-x(Li1/2Ln1/2)TiO3(x= 0.5;Ln=Nd) ceramic.The microwave dielectric properties of the samples at x=0.5 are better than that of the samples at x=0.3.(1-x)CaTiO3-x(Li1/2Ln1/2)TiO3(x=0.5;Ln=La,Nd,Sm) ceramics display the microwave properties as follows: e=160,Qf=1 200 GHz,τf=-97×10-6/℃ for Ln=La;e=129,Qf=2 000 GHz,τf=-52×10-6/℃ for Ln=Nd;e=118,Qf=2 305 GHz,τf=-45×10-6/℃ for Ln=Sm.


The collapse of state communism in Eastern Europe during the second half of the past decade and the subsequent demise of autocratic regimes in Africa presented the people of Southern Africa with new challenges that have become increasingly entangled in issues relating to democracy, freedom and choice.
In Southern Africa, poor economic performance by individual countries coupled with the destabilisation policies pursued by a dominant apartheid regime in South Africa encouraged black independent states in the region to establish mechanisms through which their dependence on South Africa could be reduced. These efforts took the form of setting up the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) and consolidating the Preferential Trade Area (PTA). But, how successful have these attempts been in acheiving their goals? If not, are there any alternatives that can be explored in future? Will the political changes currently in the making in South Africa have a significant effect on Regional Integration in Southern Africa? Answers to these questions are not easy to find. Nevertheless, there is s growing realisation among academics and politicians in the region that unless these questions are faced head-on, it could be a long time indeed before the region begins to benefit from the New International Political and Economic arrangements that the end of the Cold War have given rise to.
It is in this context that I undertook the present study, the primary aim of which was to critically examine regional integration in Southern Africa with the goal of unravelling the historical and contemporary realities that make economic and political integration in Southern Africa a lucrative 'pillar' for current development programmes in the region. It is argued that in spite of their ambitious goals, the governments of Southern Africa will have to address their regional problems more realistically before they can succeed in putting in place a viable mechanism for regional integration. There is evidence that this realism is beginning to seed,giving some a new-found optimism that could steer the region into more fruitful debate and pragmatism.


Voyoucracy is a corrupt and corrupting power of the street, an illegal and outlaw power that brings together into a voyoucratic regime, and thus into an organised and more or less clandestine form, into a virtual state, all those who represent a principle of disorder—a principle not of anarchic chaos but of structured disorder, so to speak, of plotting and conspiracy, of premeditated offensiveness or offenses against public order. Indeed, of terrorism, it will be said—whether national or international. Voyoucracy is a principle of disorder, to be sure, a threat against public order; but, as is a cracy, it represents something more than a collection of individual or individualistic voyous. It is the principle of disorder as a sort of substitute order. [...] The voyoucracy already constitutes, even institutes, a sort of counterpower or countercitizenship. It is what is called a milieu. This milieu, this environment, this world unto itself, gathers into a network all the people of the crime world or underworld, all the singular voyous. All individuals of questionable morals and dubious character whom decent, law-abiding people would like to combat and exclude under a series of more or less synonymous names: big man, bad boy, player, [...] rascal, hellion, good-fornothing, ruffian, villain, crook, thug, gangster, shyster, [...] scoundrel, miscreat, hoodlum, hooligan [...].


The present invention discloses a multifunctional insulation barrier, comprising two insulating plates, each provided with an insulating plate insulating telescopic hook, provided with guide rails connecting the push-pull folding wings insulating side plates, the insulating plate is provided with an edge semi-circular grooves, the grooves provided at both ends of the insulation plate safety lock button. Retractable hook insulated design of the present invention, according to the scene, the distance between the lower circuit to adjust the length of the hook to be larger than the original solution due to the insulation between the lower circuit board hanging hook length is not hung on the problems and avoid the operation person climbing pole inconvenience; the field adjusting work environment can stretch so that the insulating plate hung specification, but also to be hung after the adjustment, due to the surrounding environment is avoided, resulting in complex equipment insulating plates hung dense irregular and a safe distance when hung problem difficult to control; and satisfy certain mechanical strength while ensuring the two insulating plates abutting solid and reliable.


Summary Cycloheximide (CHX) inhibits the incorporation of leucine and lysine into the proteins of the intestinal tract of rats regardless of whether the CHX is present in the incubation medium or whether it is given by injection to the animals prior to sacrifice. Translocation from mucosa to serosa is also inhibited when CHX is given by injection to the intact animal but when present in the medium it acts as a stimulant. Both amino acids appear more rapidly in serosal fluid and intestinal tissue in the presence of the inhibitor than in its absence.


The current study examined the link between academic enablers and different types of reading achievementmeasures. Academicenablersareskills andbehaviorsthatsupport,orenable,students to perform well academically, such as engagement, interpersonal skills, motivation, and study skills. The sample in this study consisted of 61 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students (54% male). Academic enablers were rated by classroom teachers via the Academic Competence Evaluation Scales (ACES; DiPerna & Elliott, 2000). Four different measures of reading achievement were included: classroom grades, global ratings of reading skills, standardized test scores, and Reading CBM scores. Results indicated that academic enablers were significantly related to each type of reading outcome. Academic enablers accounted for the greatest amount of variance for classroom grades (45%) and the least amount of variance in standardized test scores (11%). Results suggest that academic enablers are an important part ofacademic success in reading, particularly classroom grades, but when considering the variance accounted for by academic enablers, they alone are not likely to improve Reading CBM scores or standardized test scores. C � 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Abstract This paper presents a numerical study on the effect of triggering mechanism on the load-displacement characteristics and folding pattern of square aluminum tubes subjected to quasi-static axial crushing. Chamfering was the principal triggering mechanism investigated. The other triggering mechanisms included a triangular hole pattern, a geometric imperfection and combinations thereof. The study has shown that triggering mechanism can significantly control the folding initiation force, but its effect on mean crush force was relatively small. The effects of tube thickness and corner radius were also considered. Both folding initiation force and mean crush force increase with tube thickness. The load-displacement response does not depend appreciably on the corner radius.


In hydrology, basic equations and procedures keep being implemented from scratch by scientist, with the potential for errors and inefficiency. The use of libraries can overcome these problems. As an example, hydrological libraries could contain: 1. Major representations of hydrological processes such as infiltration, sub-surface runoff and routing algorithms. 2. Scaling functions, for instance to combine remote sensing precipitation fields with rain gauge data 3. Data consistency checks 4. Performance measures. Here we present a beginning for such a library implemented in the high level data programming language R. Currently, Top-model, the abc-Model, HBV, a multi-model ensamble called FUSE, data import routines for WaSiMETH as well basic visualization and evaluation tools are implemented. Care is taken to make functions and models compatible with other existing frameworks in hydrology, such as for example Hydromad.


Abstract This cross‐national study seeks to understand the lagging child mortality declines in sub‐Saharan Africa by using World Bank data to investigate social and economic factors at three points in time: 1970, 1985, and 1997. Women's education, foreign debt‐to‐export ratio, and GNP per capita are among the strongest correlates of under five mortality over time. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal results suggest that female education is the best overall predictor of child mortality. Average national income does not emerge as a strong predictor, particularly since 1985. Increasing levels of foreign debt are associated with a substantial excess mortality burden. In 1997, the effect of adult HIV prevalence on child mortality was moderate and statistically significant. The study concludes that, although future gains in social factors such as female education will likely be beneficial, without simultaneously addressing high levels of foreign debt and high HIV prevalence, it may be difficult to improve child mortality rates across sub‐Saharan Africa.


To examine the role of variations in mature age labour force participation on labour force outcomes over Australia's recent past (2000–2015) and immediate future (to 2030).


The past decade has seen Indian retail evolve from unorganised to organised formats. The current research was an attempt to understand the role of consumer decision-making styles on mall shopping behaviour of Indian consumers. The mall shopping attributes were factor analysed to identify the factors most significant to Indian consumers. The results suggest age of the consumers affects their shopping decision styles. The brand conscious, novelty seeking and recreational shopping styles influence mall shopping attributes.


The monocarbonyl hydride complexes [RuH(CO)(dppp)(NN)]Cl (dppp = Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2; NN = ethylenediamine (en), 1; NN = 2-aminomethylpyridine (ampy), 3) have been isolated in high yield by reaction of RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)(dppp) with en and ampy, respectively, in toluene at reflux. The chloride complexes [RuCl(CO)(dppp)(NN)]Cl (NN = en, 2; NN = ampy, 4) have been obtained quantitatively by dissolution of 1 in CH2Cl2 and 3 in CHCl3, through substitution of the hydride with a chloride and isomerization. Treatment of 4 with NaOiPr in 2-propanol at room temperature cleanly leads to the hydride complex 3. Complexes 1–4 have been proven to be robust and productive catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of alkyl aryl, diaryl, dialkyl, and cyclic ketones using 0.2–0.004 mol % of catalyst and in the presence of 2 mol % of NaOiPr, affording TOF values up to 2.5 × 105 h–1.


The cavitation effects from ultrasonic waves are used to enhance the extraction of useful compounds from plant materials by disrupting the cells walls to improve extractability. This study looked into the effects of amplitude and time of sonication in enhancing total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) recovery from mangosteen hull in acidified methanol and ethanol solvents. A clear quadratic trend of optimal sonication amplitude and time was observed when using methanol giving a maximum TMA of 5.82±0.35 mg cy-3-glu/g hull powder at 50% amplitude and 5 minutes. The improvement was less significant when using ethanol. In general, the amount of TMA obtained improved by 186.70% in aqueous methanol and 15.16% in aqueous ethanol.


In this paper we address the problem of image retrieval from millions of database images. We improve the vocabulary tree based approach by introducing contextual weighting of local features in both descriptor and spatial domains. Specifically, we propose to incorporate efficient statistics of neighbor descriptors both on the vocabulary tree and in the image spatial domain into the retrieval. These contextual cues substantially enhance the discriminative power of individual local features with very small computational overhead. We have conducted extensive experiments on benchmark datasets, i.e., the UKbench, Holidays, and our new Mobile dataset, which show that our method reaches state-of-the-art performance with much less computation. Furthermore, the proposed method demonstrates excellent scalability in terms of both retrieval accuracy and efficiency on large-scale experiments using 1.26 million images from the ImageNet database as distractors.


Objective To observe the role of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of p21, p27, PTEN and c myc To investigate if simvastatin increased p27 expression through induction of PTEN gene expression and whether mevalonate, substrate of the HMG COA reductase, was invovled in simvastatin induced PTEN and p27 expression Methods The DNA synthesis was determined by TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of p21, p27, PTEN and c myc were measured by Western blot method The sense and antisense oligodeo xynucleotides(ODNs) for PTEN were designed and synthesized They were individually delivered to the cultured VSMC by lipofectin mediated gene transfer method After liposomal transfecting, cells were exposed to 5 μmol/Lsimvastatin for 48h and then harvested in lysis buffer The efficiency of transfer ODNs into VSMC was examined by Western blot method Results (1) simvastatin inhibited TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner (1 μmol/L 10 μmol/L) (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G 0/G 1 phase and attenuation of S phase VSMC compared with those of control group (3)simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and p27 but did not have effect on p21 and c myc (4) PTEN antisense ODNs efficiently attenuated the expression of PTEN protein but had no effect on p27 protein level (5) 200 μmol/L mevalonate prevented simvastatin induced p27 an PTEN protein expression significantly Conclusion simvastatin could inhibit proliferation of VSMC and retarded cell cycle in G 0/G 1 phase by regulating expression of two G 1 /S transfer related genes PTEN and p27 independently Up regulation of p27 and PTEN by simvastatin might be mediated by its inhibition on the mevalonate pathway


In this article, a tracking controller for flexible-joint robot manipulators with non-full-state feedback is investigated based on virtual decomposition control (VDC) theory. First, virtual decomposition principle is applied to decouple the entire system of flexible-joint robot manipulator into rigid-link subsystems and flexible-joint subsystems; then, subcontrollers are designed correspondingly for each link or joint subsystem. Importantly, to realize the closed-loop tracking control without state measurements on the link side, an extended Kalman filter is designed to achieve the proposed VDC approach via non-full-state feedback. In addition, strict stability analysis of the control system is given according to the theory of virtual stability and Lyapunov stability. Finally, validation example is provided to verify the proposed control approach.


Under the Kohn–Sham theory, we examine solutions for the equations δTS/δρ(r) = 0 and δTS/δρ(r) = νKS(r) that link the chemical potential of the electronic system with the effective Kohn–Sham potential through μ = νKS(r) + δTS/δρ. For single ions, we identify the chemical potential with the eigenvalue of the frontier orbital when the atom is in the limit of full ionization. For the case of cations, the chemical potential is found above −(I + A)/2 and has the property of grouping ions with the same chemical characteristics. For the anion instead, the chemical potential is fixed at the ionization energy. By solving the above equations numerically, two radial points called r− and r+ are obtained and compared with the Shannon–Prewitt ionic radius. Moreover, we found for the halide series, that r− is numerically equivalent to rm, the radii where the electrostatic potential has its minimum, but shows different behavior upon charge variation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006


Sabato, Larry, & Lichter, S. Robert. (1994). When Should the Watchdogs Bark? Media Coverage of the Clinton Scandals. Washington, DC: Center for Media and Public Affairs.


As an emerging industry, green remanufacture engineering is a type of recycle suitable for ecological and economical requirements. Disposal of old and overdue automobiles may bring harm to environment and social life. Automobile remanufacture engineering can provide effective ways to deal with such problems by recycle and reuse the disposed and worn automobile parts. It is of great importance to worn automobile parts. It is of great importance to develop green remanufacture engineering of automobile for resource save and environment reservation, which can promote the harmonious development of society, economy and environment.


Presents fully monolithically integrated 10- and 39-GHz-band InP/InGaAs heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) oscillators that can be optically injection locked by directly illuminating the HPT. When optical signals are modulated by fundamental frequencies around free-running oscillations, the 10-GHz-band HPT oscillator integrated circuit (IC) achieves an ultra-wide locking range of 1401 MHz (relative bandwidth of 13.6%), and the 39-GHz-band HPT oscillator IC achieves a wide locking range of 768 MHz, which are records among the indirect and/or direct optical injection-locked oscillators reported to date. The 10-GHz-band HPT oscillator IC also achieves very wide locking ranges of 618 and 160 MHz for third and fifth subharmonic modulated optical signal injection, respectively, which is very useful for microwave photonics applications. Optoelectronic clock recovery for optical transmission systems was tested by using the 39-GHz-band HPT oscillator IC and a planar lightwave circuit Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A 38.8-GHz electrical clock signal was successfully extracted from 38.8-Gbit/s nonreturn-to-zero optical data streams.


Citation: Abeer Assaf Alshammari., et al. "Self-Management of Dental Pain by Patients of Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University's Dental Hospital". EC Dental Science 18.11 (2019): 221-227. Abstract Toothache is the most common cause of oral pain and can impact routine daily activities such as eating, working, and socializing. Moreover, toothache often requires professional dental treatment. Public and private healthcare is available to the population of Saudi Arabia; however, some people cannot access healthcare due to long waiting lists and the cost of private treatment. The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of dental pain, self-management modalities, and attitudes and behaviors related to self-management modalities for dental pain among patients visiting the Dental Hospital of Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU). A survey-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dental Hospital of IAU from December 2017 to May 2018. A questionnaire was distributed, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Out of the 600 subjects to whom the questionnaire was distributed, 596 (216 [36.2%] males and 380 [63.8%] females) responded (response rate 99.3%). Among 596


Nanocomposite materials consisting of platinum deposited on carbon nanotubes are emerging electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in PEM fuel cells. However, these materials albeit showing promising electrocatalytic activities suffer from unacceptable rates of corrosion during service. This study demonstrates an effective strategy for creating highly corrosion-resistant electrocatalysts utilizing metal oxide coated carbon nanotubes as a support for Pt. The electrode geometry consisted of a three-dimensional array of multi-walled carbon nanotubes grown directly on Inconel and conformally covered by a bilayer of Pt/niobium oxide. The activities of these hybrid carbon-metal oxide materials are on par with commercially available carbon-supported Pt catalysts. We show that a sub-nanometre interlayer of NbO2 provides effective protection from electrode corrosion. After 10,000 cyclic voltammetry cycles from 0.5 V to 1.4 V, the loss of electrochemical surface area, reduction of the half-wave potential, and the loss of specific activity of the NbO2 supported Pt were 10.8%, 8 mV and 10.3%, respectively. Under the same conditions, the catalytic layers with Pt directly deposited onto carbon nanotubes had a loss of electrochemical area, reduction of half-wave potential and loss of specific activity of 47.3%, 65 mV and 65.8%, respectively. The improved corrosion resistance is supported by microstructural observations of both electrodes in their post-cycled state. First principles calculations at the density functional theory level were performed to gain further insight into changes in wetting properties, stability and electronic structure introduced by the insertion of the thin NbO2 film.


The present invention consists cashew nut shell liquid and / or anacardic acids and oil agent, characterized in that the cashew nut shell liquid and / or anacardic acids containing 25 wt% to 65 wt% in the feed for the total amount of the composition, providing feed composition particulate.


With the increase of advance development in security technology, many major corporations and governments start employing modern techniques to identify the identity of the individual. These include the adoption of a system such as on-line signature and handwriting verification application for banking systems, public sectors, as well as for documents and checks. To achieve better solutions, multimodal biometric system needs to be employed since this system exploits more than one psychological or behavioral at verification process. This work presents a signature verification system as behavioral system to ensure that the currency authentication is preserved by validating the genuine signature. This study developed signatures by applying multiple classification techniques. These include Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and pearson correlation. These techniques are combined with fusion techniques, i.e., ordinal structure module of fuzzy and Or gate to determine the signature either it is real or forge. The average of the values we have it after applying multiple classification techniques is calculated, and the results are compared with the pre-defined threshold prior to decision making of either the signature is genuine or not. After collect many samples and calculate the final result we calculate the error rate for FRR and FAR to compare it with previous study. After calculated the error rate we found 2% for False Rejection Rate (FRR) and 0% for False Acceptance Rate (FAR), so the result for these study it's better than previous one.


A multi-probe based multispectral fluorescence imaging sensor was developed to visually discriminate odor sources in environment. The sensing mechanism was based on the complicated fluorescence interactions of between the multi-probes and the probes with odor molecules. The fluorescence change of a probes-containing gel film caused by odorant substances was recorded by CCD camera to visualize the shape of odor source. In this work, odor sources with complicated shapes were used to investigate the spatial resolution of the imaging sensor. The result demonstrated that the spatial resolution of our sensor has discrimination ability higher than 5 mm. In addition, the concentration estimation of each odorant in mixed odor sources was attempted. By using principle component analysis (PCA) and multiple regression analysis, the individual concentration of an acid/aldehyde mixed odor sources was analyzed successfully.


Web2.0 is a platform which encourages user participation and contribution, the algorithm of content delivery of this platform is so important that it can guarantee the priority sequence of content. In production environment the algorithm need to be adjusted by only updating a configuration file. With a J2EE platform the configuration file is read, with database storage the microcontent' s using rate is gotten, and with server's schedule task the statistic table is updated, finally statistic result is calculated and priority sequence of content is made.


Analogues of alamethicin, a 20‐mer amphipathic helical peptide with ionophore activity, in the sequence of which all Aib residues were substituted by Ala (A1) or Leu (L1), were synthesized by the solid phase method, purified by high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by fast atomic bombardment mass spectrometry. Infrared and CD studies showed that A1 easily underwent a transconformation to β‐structure whereas L1 displayed a predominant α‐helical character, thus being a potential ionophore model. Its voltage‐dependent multistate activity in model membrance showed that Aib is not a requisite residue to observe an alamethicin‐like behavior. However, as the lifetime of the single channels was much shorter than for alamethicin, the peptide chain was lengthened by a Leu (LL1) or a Ser (SL1) residue. The last peptide gave an increased channel lifetime, but the design of other non‐Aib peptides, taking into account the hydroxyl C‐terminus and side‐chain interactions between helices in a barrel‐stave bundle, is desirable to approach more closely the alamethicin activity.


The paper uses nonlinear dynamic inversion combined with flight quality requirements to design flight control laws for a supermaneuverable aircraft, and introduces a new control allocation strategy in combination of aero control surfaces and thrust vectoring based on daisy-chaining algorithm and least-energy method. After Optimizing the configuration and parameters of the control laws, it uses several paragraphs to take robust analyse and Evaluation, with the employing of Bode diagram and Neal-Smith standard. It puts forward the cobra maneuver simulation with a 3D display at last. The simulation results show that the control laws perform excellently not only at the normal flight envelope but also at high angle of attack.


Changes in precipitation have the potential to cause dramatic changes in ecosystem carbon (C) cycling; however, it remains unclear whether different components of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (e.g., C uptake vs. release, plant vs. microbe respiration, above‐ground vs. below‐ground plant respiration) have similar or differential sensitivity to precipitation gradients. We conducted a manipulative field experiment (from 2015 to 2017) with six precipitation treatments, including 1/12 annual precipitation (P), 1/4 P, 1/2 P, 3/4 P, P and 5/4 P in an alpine meadow to investigate the responses of the NEE components. Over the 3 years, all C fluxes showed a nonlinear response to the precipitation gradients, except for root respiration. The most extreme drought treatment (1/12 P) caused strong reductions in NEE by 15.57%, gross primary productivity by 17.26% and ecosystem respiration by 19.05%, in contrast to the control. Plant respiration was more sensitive to precipitation change than microbe respiration, and above‐ground plant respiration was more susceptible than below‐ground respiration. Structural equation models revealed that the response of C fluxes under precipitation changes was primarily due to changes in the soil water content and above‐ground net primary productivity. Our findings indicate that future precipitation changes, particularly extreme drought, will decrease ecosystem C fluxes with different magnitudes, leading to a consequent reduction of NEE. These emergent ecosystem properties are essential for the improved elucidation of carbon cycle dynamics and benchmarking models, to predict ecosystem responses to precipitation changes. A plain language summary is available for this article.


Nowadays, there is not an indicator system that can determine the rationality of the price trend of real estate market effectively. Also, there is no standard to determine the speculative degree of real estate. In order to measure the real estate market around the country scientifically, the paper studies the impact of real estate price-earnings ratio on the market from the perspective of speculative motivity and analyses the issues of resident's payable power from the perspective of estimating market support capacity. Moreover, this paper establishes a diagnostic standard of the speculation degree of real estate and takes empirical test of the standard.


phenomenon of refraction which may be visible to an observer, but not the subject with the recognition of the object by the brain and its projection to its proper position in space. And the socalled reinversion of the field of vision differs in no material way from nerve reaction elsewhere. The fact that my patient had perception of light before he was operated on may be cited as a possible explanation of his correct estimation of the field of vision, but with the explanation that I have given of retinal perception such explanation is unnecessary.


As part of a taxonomic study which aims to revise foliose species of Physciaceae growing in central and north of Argentina, the morphology, anatomy and chemistry of Heterodermia specimens collected recently in these regions were described. Heterodermia japonica and H. fertilis are cited for the first time from Argentina. The distributional range in the country of eleven species is extended. A dichotomous key and a brief description of each species studied are provided.


Mesoporous micro‐ or nanocontainers have been indicated to be potential carriers of corrosion inhibitors to modify water‐based coatings for self‐healing properties and excellent anti‐corrosion performance. In this work, the eco‐friendly mesoporous chitosan microspheres loaded with green corrosion inhibitor sodium phytate were incorporated in self‐healing water‐based polyacrylate coating. The microspheres with mesoporous surface, uniform size, and promising pH responsiveness were prepared via the water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsion chemical cross‐linking method. On this basis, chitosan microspheres loaded with 25.79 wt% sodium phytate were obtained by negative pressure impregnation method and the pH‐responsive was demonstrated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results of EIS and seawater immersion tests revealed that artificial defected water‐based polyacrylate coating containing 5 wt% chitosan microspheres showed high anti‐corrosion performance and exhibited self‐healing capabilities due to the release of corrosion inhibitor sodium phytate.


An objective measure of railroad track quality and track-degradation models are described and illustration of how these measurements can be used in maintenance-of-way planning are given. The results presented in this paper are based on the data collected over a period of one year on approximately 290 miles of main-line track. The study was sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) with the participation of the Consolidated Rail Corporation. Track-quality indices (TQIs) are derived from the data collected by automatic track geometry cars. TQIs are figures of merit that objectively quantify the condition of track. It is shown that TQIs can monitor track-degradation and maintenance operations, can summarize and display the condition of large sections of track, and are correlated with both FRA safety standards and values of ride quality. Eleven physical parameters in the areas of traffic, track structure, and maintenance were investigated to determine their contribution to the rate of track degradation. It is shown that a subset of these parameters accounts for more than 80 percent of the change in track conditions as measured by a TQI. Predictive equations are presented that project the condition of track in terms of TQIs.


Toxicity Tests; 2-3 adult mice (ca. 20 gm.) are given single intraperitoneal injections at a constant volume not exceeding 1.0 ml. The preliminary phase dosages are 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 mg/kg or cmm/kg; mice are weighed and observed after 72 hours. On the basis of the preliminary test the ranges of doses may be carried to further fractions of the previous dose as indicated. Physiological effects and weight responses are followed. The dose selected is 1/3 of the LÜ50with a gain in weight, or 1/4 of the LDgQif there is weight loss.


e13025 Background: Medulloblastome is rare in adults and treatment is usually extrapolated from the pediatric age group, the aim of our study is to highlight the importance of chemotherapy both in ...


Aims. We use advanced 3D NLTE radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the solar atmosphere to carry out detailed tests of chromospheric diagnostics at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Methods. We focused on the diagnostics of the thermal structure of the chromosphere in the wavelength bands from 0.4 mm up to 9.6 mm that can be accessed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) and investigated how these diagnostics are affected by the instrumental resolution. Results. We find that the formation height range of the millimeter radiation depends on the location in the simulation domain and is related to the underlying magnetic structure. Nonetheless, the brightness temperature is a reasonable measure of the gas temperature at the effective formation height at a given location on the solar surface. There is considerable scatter in this relationship, but this is significantly reduced when very weak magnetic fields are avoided. Our results indicate that although instrumental smearing reduces the correlation between brightness and temperature, millimeter brightness can still be used to reliably diagnose electron temperature up to a resolution of 1". If the resolution is more degraded, then the value of the diagnostic diminishes rapidly. Conclusions. We conclude that millimeter brightness can image the chromospheric thermal structure at the height at which the radiation is formed. Thus multiwavelength observations with ALMA with a narrow step in wavelength should provide sufficient information for a tomographic imaging of the chromosphere.


Due to the spatial heterogeneity of land surfaces, downscaling is an important issue in the development of carbon cycle models when evaluating the role of ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. In this study, a downscaling algorithm was developed to model gross primary productivity (GPP) at 500 m in a time series over rugged terrain, which considered the effects of spatial heterogeneity on carbon flux simulations. This work was carried out for a mountainous area with an altitude ranging from 2606 to 4744 m over the Gongga Mountain (Sichuan Province, China). In addition, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) GPP product at 1 km served as the primary dataset for the downscaling algorithm, and the 500 m MODIS GPP product was used as the reference dataset to evaluate the downscaled GPP results. Moreover, in order to illustrate the advantages and benefits of the proposed downscaling method, the downscaled results in this work, along with ordinary kriging downscaled results, spline downscaled results and inverse distance weighted (IDW) downscaled results, were compared to the MODIS GPP at 500 m. The results showed that (1) the GPP difference between the 500 m MODIS GPP and the proposed downscaled GPP results was primarily in the range of [−1, 1], showing that both vegetation heterogeneity factors (i.e., LAI) and topographic factors (i.e., altitude, slope and aspect) were useful for GPP downscaling; (2) the proposed downscaled results (R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 1.03) had a stronger consistency with the 500 m MODIS GPP than those of the ordinary kriging downscaled results (R2 = 0.43, RMSE = 1.36), the spline downscaled results (R2 = 0.40, RMSE = 1.50) and the IDW downscaled results (R2 = 0.42, RMSE = 1.10) for all Julian days; and (3) the inconsistency between MODIS GPP at 500 m and 1 km increased with the increase in altitude and slope. The proposed downscaling algorithm could provide a reference when considering the effects of spatial heterogeneity on carbon flux simulations and retrieving other fine resolution ecological-physiology parameters (e.g., net primary productivity and evaporation) over topographically complex terrains.


The influence of the oxidation time on the standard tests of the bitumen in process of asphalt flux and heavy gas oil of catalytic cracking compound oxidation is examined. It is shown, that from this type of raw materials paving and constructive bitumen can be obtained by direct oxidation. The low-temperature properties of the obtained patterns are in inadequate reliability to standard tests and can be corrected by addition of the thermoelastolayer DST-30-01 (Kraton).


NURSING STUDENTS on Project 2000 courses need better support from tutors and staff in clinical placements. This was the main finding of a study into student attrition in Stirling.


Release of hydrogen as a consequence of severe acci dent in a nuclear power plant can be a potential th reat to the integrity of the containment building. The u se of passive catalytic recombiners is one of the b est known options being considered for hydrogen management in uclear power plants (NPPs). The modelling of reco mbiners using CFD tools is being attempted worldwide. The o bjective of the present study is to build and valid te a 3-D analytical model for the passive recombiner using t he governing mass, momentum, energy and species con servation equations from first principles. CFD code FLUIDYN-M P has been used to setup the governing equations fo r modelling of the associated multi-physics phenomena . The present paper brings out the salient features of the analytical model of the passive recombiner incorpor ated in the CFD code FLUIDYN-MP and its validation against test data from open literature.


To determine changes in semen and clinical parameters following varicocelectomy. Prospective comparative study conducted on 30 Methods:
patients at Santosh Medical college and hospital, Ghaziabad., undergoing varicocelectomy. Study aimed at comparing the semen analysis and
various clinical parameters (pain VAS score and size of the swelling) postoperatively, at 3 month and 6 monthly follow up. Semen pH Results:
value and total semen volume did not show any statistically signicant improvement postoperatively. Post operatively statistically signicant
improvement was seen in total sperm count, motility as well as sperm morphology. The improvement was more when preoperative parameters
were in lower range compared to normal range parameters. 7 patients who were oligospermic preoperatively showed marked improvement in their
sperm count at 3 and 6 months respectively(p value 0.001); which is more signicant improvement than preoperatively normospermic patients (p
value 0.003). Postsurgery sperm motility showed signicant improvement, better results were seen when preoperative motility was < 28% versus
when motility was >28%. Signicant improvement in sperm morphology postoperatively(p value 0.001)was seen, with better results in patients
with preoperative sperm morphology <3% versus >3%. Mean VAS score showed statistically signicant decrease at 3 months and at 6 months
postoperatively (p value 0.001).83.3% patients were relieved of pain at 6months follow up post surgery. Of the 12 patients who presented with
swelling, 11 patients showed signicant decrease in swelling size at 6 months follow up postoperatively. We advice varicocelectomy Conclusions:
in all patients of varicocele who are either clinically symptomatic with scrotal pain and swelling, and also in asymptomatic patients with subnormal
semen parameters.


We consider the problem of smoothing data on two-dimensional grids with holes or gaps. Such grids are often referred to as difficult regions. Since the data is not observed on these locations, the gap is not part of the domain. We cannot apply standard smoothing methods since they smooth over and across difficult regions. More unfavorable properties of standard smoothers become visible when the data is observed on an irregular grid in a non-rectangular domain. In this paper, we adopt smoothing spline methods within a state space framework to smooth data on one- or two-dimensional grids with difficult regions. We make a distinction between two types of missing observations to handle the irregularity of the grid and to ensure that no smoothing takes place over and across the difficult region. For smoothing on two-dimensional grids, we introduce a two-step spline smoothing method. The proposed solution applies to all smoothing methods that can be represented in a state space framework. We illustrate our methods for three different cases of interest.


The saacharomyces cereisiae in ethanol production from molasses treated by H.V.E.S was analysed using G.C. It has illustrated that the high-voltage electrostatic field assisted laser can give an obvious rise to biological stimulating effect. And the function of high-voltage electrostatic field assisted laser was more stronger than single electrostatic field or single laser. Several variation strains that produce ethanol abnormally have been found. In the meantime, by contrasting the isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase and the yeast influenced by high-voltage electrostatic field assisted laser, it was proved that the high-voltage electrostatic field assisted Laser can cause a significant mutagenesis effect on the saacharomyces cereisiae.


Objective: To find the determinants of severity of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in OCD patients and to assess the difference in the Marital Adjustment among OCD and Non-OCD Individuals.
Design: Cross-sectional Research Design
Place and Duration of the study: Department of Psychology, GC University, Lahore, from September 2015 to August 2016.
Subjects and Methods: The sample consisted of 120 individuals (Men=60 and Women=60). Out of which, 60 individuals were diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and they were compared with 60 individuals having no history of psychiatric illness. Measures of Clarke-Beck Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Short Muslim Practice and Belief Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Marital Adjustment Test and demographic data sheet were used.
Results: Significant correlations were found between stress and severity of the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (r=.557, p<.001) and between religiosity and severity of the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (r=.732, p<.001). Results of the Step-wise regression analysis supported our hypothesis model, as stress and religiosity appeared to be the significant predictors of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (R2=.58). Mean difference in the marital adjustment scores indicated that OCD patients had significantly lower marital adjustment than the non-Patient sample.

Conclusion: Religiosity and stress appeared to significantly determine the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The results suggest that working on the religiosity and stress of OCD patients may improve the chances of their prognosis of illness.


In recent years, flow-based anomaly detection has attracted considerable attention from many researchers and some methods have been proposed to improve its accuracy. However, only a few studies have considered anomaly detection with sampled flow traffic, which is widely used for the management of high-speed networks. This gap is addressed in this study. First, we optimize an artificial neural network (ANN)-based classifier to detect anomalies in flow traffic. The results show that although it has a high degree of accuracy, the classifier loses significant information in the process of sampling. In this regard, we propose a sampling method to improve the performance of flow-based anomaly detection in sampled traffic. While existing sampling methods for anomaly detection preserve only small malicious flows, the proposed algorithm samples both small and large malicious flows. Therefore, the detection rate of the flow-based anomaly detector is improved by about 5% using our algorithm. To evaluate the proposed sampling method, three flow-based datasets are generated in this study


This paper presents the development of a recommendation system component, and its integration into the PHD UNS digital library a Digital Library consisting of PhD Dissertations from the University of Novi Sad. This component is used to improve the PHD UNS user experience by providing a list of PhD dissertations recommended specifically for that user, and also re-ranking search results based on personalized recommendation scores. The developed component has been put in operational mode on: http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/searchDissertations.jsf. Recommendation is performed on the basis of the user's download history.A sub-system that is able to capture users' explicit and implicit feedback has also been developed. This feedback will be used to evaluate whether the personalisation component improves PHD UNS users' experience.


Objective To probe the correlation between essential hypertension (EH), pulse pressure (PP) and myocardial infarction (MI) Methods 416 cases of either EH patients and MI patients in three groups were involved. Group A (n = 106): the patients were suffering from EH complicated by MI. Group B (n = 143): the patients were suffering from simple MI. Group C (n = 167): the patients were suffering from simple EH. 96 persons who had their physical exam done at the hospital were selected randomly as the control cases to constitute Group D. The PP level distribution status of the Groups, the blood pressure (BP) indexes of the Groups and the PP level for different age-bracket groups were analyzed and compared. Results (1) The max PP distribution range for Group A was70mmHg (accounting for 32.1%), the ranges for Group B D were within 40~ 49mmHg (accounting for 38.5 39.6% respectively), the range for Group C was 50~59mmHg (accounting for 31.1%). (2) The PP levels: Group AGroup CGroup DGroup B with the highest value (60.38 + 14.72mmHg) observed in Group A (P0.05). The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean artery blood pressure (MAP): the values for Group A C were remarkably higher than those in Group B D with the highest value occurred in Group C (P0.01). Except for PP, The BP indexes in Group C were significantly higher than those in Group A, (P0.05), while the BP indexes between Group B C were no obvious difference (P0.05). (3) The PP levels for different age bracket groups: the values in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B C for the cases aged60 (P0.05), while the values in Group C were remarkably higher than those in Group B for the cases aged59 (P0.05). Conclusions Independent of the other BP indexes, the PP of the patients with EH was the only factor relating to MI, especially for elderly patients. When the PP was higher than 70mmHg, the occurrence frequency of MI significantly increased. (2) The PP range for simple MI patients was different from that of EH patients with MI, the former might not relate to BP and PP, especially for non-elderly patients. (3) Both age-increase and EH were the major factors to cause the increase of the PP.


The air-conditioning system of subway stations mostly operates only in summer,as heating is unnecessary for a subway station in winter.It results in the inefficiency of ground source heat pump(GSHP) in subway engineering.The ground source heat pump system is proposed to solve this problem.And the system covers cold energy supply to subway station in summer and heat supply to a neighbor building in winter.Combining with a practical engineering case,the calculating method for the cooling load matched with heating area of a standard subway station is presented.TRNSYS software is applied to simulate the annual load,which proves the feasibility of the system solution.


Adaptive turbo-trellis-coded modulation (TTCM)-aided asymmetric distributed source coding (DSC) is proposed, where two correlated sources are transmitted to a destination node. The first source sequence is TTCM encoded and is further compressed before it is transmitted through a Rayleigh fading channel, whereas the second source signal is assumed to be perfectly decoded and, hence, to be flawlessly shown at the destination for exploitation as side information for improving the decoding performance of the first source. The proposed scheme is capable of reliable communications within 0.80 dB of the Slepian-Wolf/Shannon (SW/S) theoretical limit at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-5. Furthermore, its encoder is capable of accommodating time-variant short-term correlation between the two sources.


The aim of the paper proposed is to explore the ways in which elements of Greek identity have taken on board the presence of 'new' migrant populations from the Balkans in Central Northern Greece. It will do so through the consideration of national identity as a social construct negotiated, produced and reproduced in interaction, as a form of life by appealing to spatiotemporally available discourses. While the literature on Greek national identity reveals a long tradition of binary oppositions, cultural dualisms, or ideological dilemmas penetrating through culture and identifying polarizations of construction, statistical data on the post 1990's migrant population influx from the Balkans attest to the emerging significance of the topic. Using a discursive social constructionist approach, the key theoretical concepts employed are: national identity as a social construct negotiated in (interactional) contexts; the Foucaultian notion of discourses as being productive and constitutive, as having force and regulating practice; the normalization/naturalization of dominant discourses and their elevation into common sense ideologies and forms of life. These are explored in Greek people's accounts in focus groups focusing on discourse analytic practices, strategies and resources. In terms of target population, this research focuses on two main parameters; namely locality, as defined by the distinction between urban/rural spaces, and age. The urban/rural distinction builds on and is expected to highlight issues occurring from both societal differences per se and from the differences in the percentage concentration of migrants, while the age groups identified are: i. 18-21 (as growing alongside 'new' migration) and ii. 34-45 (as recipients of 'new' migration). The paper's discussion focuses on the ways in which Greeks perform their national identity within the framework of 'new' migration from the Balkans. Preliminary results are presented as occurring within the parameters of locality (urban,) and age (18-21, 35-45).


The mathematical model of the synchronous generator-rectifier system in time domain and its transient performance are of great importance to analyzing transient electromagnetic response of disturbed power systems.A unified mathematical model of rectifier based on classification of modes was proposed in the paper which can be used in all the operational modes of a rectifier.The unified mathematical model of rectifier and the calculation method were proved to be correct by contrast with the measured data.Moreover,the unified model of rectifier,the models of synchronous generator and load were connected to form the time domain mathematical model of the synchronous generator-rectifier system.Two kinds of transient electromagnetic performance of the system were simulated by the calculation program based on the proposed models and methodology.The results in the paper can be used to study the model and transient electromagnetic performance of miniature independent power systems.


Galaxy Clusters are considered to be efficient containers of cosmic rays (CRs). In their formation history, CRs are accelerated by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and cosmological shocks and turbulence and accumulated in the intra-cluster space. Diffuse radio emission found in massive clusters is important to probe the magnetic field and cosmic ray electrons, while the content of cosmic ray protons is highly uncertain. The variety seen in the radio emission suggests that the CR acceleration is closely related to the formation processes such as cluster mergers and mass accretion. We study the CR acceleration in galaxy clusters by modeling the multi-wavelength emission in various clusters with different formation histories. We use the so-called merger tree method to simulate the merger history of clusters. We particularly focus on the re-acceleration by merger-induced turbulence, since it is considered to be the dominant mechanism of the diffuse radio emission. We find that the combination of radio surveys and the stacking analysis of neutrino background can constrain the parameters in the re-acceleration model for the radio halos in galaxy clusters.


• The lack of coordination between mainstream HIV biomedical approaches and Indigenous worldviews appears to contribute to poor health outcomes. When applied to Indigenous people, both the HIV care cascade and HIV biomedical approaches have to be adapted to ensure they are flexible enough to incorporate the holistic Indigenous approach to well-being, which includes spiritual, emotional, and mental health as well as physical health.


Cyberspace is recognised as the first man-made environment. Like other natural environments it cannot be controlled. Cyberspace, of which software forms an intrinsic and indivisible element, is ever evolving and an ever growing dependency for defence, yet is contingent upon a variety of diverse participants— private firms, non-profit organisations, governments, individuals, processes, and cyber devices. It is therefore vital that intrinsic challenges to cyberspace—and software—are recognised and treated such that a trustworthy cyber ecosystem can be formed. Challenges To A Trustworthy Cyber Ecosystem These characteristics challenge the defining assumptions that underpin conceptions about competent authority, jurisdictions, conflict, criminality, cash, and the use of force. The physical movement of troops through a neutral state's territory would violate neutrality. However, the same is not true for any cyber violation in which communications can pass through another state's infrastructure. How to handle cyber issues is becoming of strategic importance for governments worldwide as they strive for trustworthy and reliable networks. Protecting the infrastructure becomes all the more essential against the impacts of disruptions and cyber attacks because the forces at work in cyberspace may more readily be asymmetric, that is, unconventional and disproportionate. So far, the new environment has demanded immediate responses, based on inherited tools or technological innovations as we progress. However, these may be necessary but are not sufficient by themselves as they offer only short terms, partial remedies. Trustworthy cyberspace is vital to the prospects of enhancing a government's reputation for trusted and reliable hubs and networks, but the evolution of cyberspace is uncertain. Conventional approaches to this new ecosystem will not be sufficient and require a new ethos and culture of thinking. Whilst cyberspace can promote freer markets, the proliferation of some knowledge will need greater care. Cybersecurity experts themselves are calling for a radical change of ethos [2]. Whilst there has been a convergence of telecommunications, computer processing and interactive multi-media content, technological convergence is far from complete. Developments of cyber, bio, and nanotechnology are morphing into one another, and the boundaries between users and developers is blurring. But the future lies in cyberspace, and this needs to be trustworthy. Cyberspace and Software It is difficult to conceive of any major sector of the economy in the developed world that is not dependent (often critically so) on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and software. This dependence extends into our private lives; with figures for the UK in October 2011 showing that more than 50% of the population now has a smartphone. This need for trusted, correct, and reliable operation requires that software be trustable, both in terms of its resistance both to accidental or collateral faults (as exemplified by, but not restricted to, the niche "safety critical" approaches), and to malicious acts (as exemplified by the "security" approaches). This applies both to software and systems developed for specialist markets where trustworthiness is an explicit Functional Requirement (FR), and to all other software and systems, for which trustworthiness is an inherent but often forgotten implicit Non Functional Requirement (NFR). The difference between these two views of trustworthiness is typically a matter of degree, with those for where these properties are a FR normally having Pareto or comprehensive assurance needs, whereas in the NFR space this is more likely to be a need for due diligence. The Cyber Ecosystem Cyberspace is now acknowledged to be the first man-made environment on par with air, land, maritime, and space. Indeed, it weaves all these environments together as never before. Yet, much like these other natural environments, it cannot realistically be controlled. In doing so, cyberspace does not erase spatial boundaries— rather the transnational dimension opened up by cyberspace allows for anonymity. In contrast to the eons of time the sea has affected life on earth, cyberspace has infiltrated the whole ecosphere in decades. This constantly evolving environment is an emerging national security challenge to all nations. Indeed, the U.S. International Strategy for Cyberspace (May 2011) [1] reported, "Unauthorised network intrusions threaten the integrity of economies and undermine national security." It saw the need for collaboration between the public and private sector as crucial to protect the innovation and secure critical infrastructures such as energy, transportation, finance, and the defence industrial base, central, and local government. The problem of security is inherently complex involving not just national security concerns but commercial interests and privacy. RESILIENT CYBER ECOSYSTEMS CrossTalk—September/October 2012 9 Emerging Challenges The 2010 UK National Security Strategy [3], as approved by the Ministerial National Security Council, identified 15 priority risks across the spectrum of national security risks to the UK. Of the four Tier One risks identified as being of particular concern, one is enumerated [4] as hostile attacks upon UK cyberspace, potential shortcomings in the UK's cyber infrastructure, and the actions of cyber terrorists and criminals: to which end a National Cyber Security Programme [5] has been created. To address this risk requires a holistic view of the adversities that need to be addressed, as this needs to address both threats (deterministic, deliberate impacts from attacks by hostile actors) and hazards (stochastic, undirected impacts from either natural events and/or collateral damage from other hostile activities). An adversity-driven approach means that not only does an organisation need to understand the threat actors it faces (be they nation states, empowered small agents or cyber-criminals), but also to have an actuarial view of the likelihood of occurrence of other events, such as the chance of climatic or geologic problems causing loss of facilities or communications, or of loss of service from a distributed denialof-service attack on a completely unrelated organisation with whom bandwidth is shared. The diverse nature of adversities faced by the cyber ecosystem is in direct conflict with the way in which organisations and nations are normally structured, which historically and continues to be in isolated, and sometimes mutually competitive silos. Taking a nation-state approach as an example, the issues of foreign national-state attacks will typically be handled by the defence/ security/intelligence community, the issues from cyber-criminality by the law enforcement/criminal justice community, and the issues from natural hazards by the civil contingency community. Organisations suffer from similar silo effects, with differential degrees of sharing of vital information with governments and their peer community. The scale of challenge presented by software failures cannot be underestimated, with numerous studies [6][7] identifying problems with software as a major source of project failures, with high costs to the economy, enumerated by NIST as being about $60 billion per year to the U.S. alone, with no definitive figure currently being available for the UK or worldwide. This dependence of ICT and software can be expected to broaden and deepen in the coming years, with a number of trends already being identifiable to catalyse this dependence and complicate the problem space, including: • The move to distributed application platforms and services (a.k.a the cloud), where the boundaries of organisation and/or national jurisdiction are increasingly blurred, and the options for either proactive controls and/or reactive measures are similarly constrained. • Increasing reliance on mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, which typically rely on lightweight operating systems with less inherent controls than operating systems of previous generation desktop devices. • A move in business to consumerization and Bring Your Own Device, where the boundary of ownership is blurred between the organisation and the individuals who work for the organisation. • Commoditisation in previously closed architectures, such as industrial control systems where, for instance, a step change is being encountered of previously bespoke sensor devices with wireline connections to proprietary control systems are being replaced by configurable, off-the-shelf sensors using wireless connections to generic ICT systems that have onward connections to the global internet. • The pressure for ICT consolidation for energy efficiency for green reasons (the low carbon imperative) leading to extensive use of software virtualisation to separate previously physically distinct services. Furthermore, the way in which systems are developed and deployed is changing, with the historic assumption of ICT being engineering artifacts under single organisational control being subverted by factors such as: • The adoption of open source models for sourcing software, fundamentally disrupting views of single organisational control. • The growth of multicore processor technologies, which can subvert the risk modelling approaches used in previous generations of hardware. • Growing questions as to whether hardware platforms used for software can be trusted to execute as expected, with evidence of counterfeit hardware being found in multiple market segments. • A blurring of the boundary between software and hardware boundary, for instance with the use of software style design languages to implement application-specific integrated circuits and field-programmable gate arrays. • The increasing use of generic, self-documenting structured data (e.g. XML) to control systems' behaviours rather than rely on pre-defined execution paths. In terms


Demand planning must be improved first before making any attempt to Optimize Production Planning ... for successful implementation of a S&OP process, the company must have one process and one tool ... S&OP process must be aligned with corporate strategy of business. The creation of JohnsonDiversey in 2002 out of DiverseyLever (former daughter company of Unilever) and Johnson Wax Professional presented new challenges. A key challenge, however, was how to exploit the synergy generated from the alignment of different businesses, which could take the Company to the next level. The company quickly recognized that the cornerstone of our sustainable growth is in customer service. Therefore, JohnsonDiversey focused on customer development, and proclaimed its vision: "We will never let our customers down in product delivery, and work together to meet our customer needs." To take the company to the next level, a cross-functional synergy identification and optimization process was deployed, which focused, among other things, on our working capital. To meet our cash flow needs, we decided to cut down inventories (which was at the time were fairly huge and unnecessary) without jeopardizing the customer service. The challenge was even bigger in Europe, where merging of different companies resulted in complexity in our supply and distribution network (Figure 1). Furthermore, we had a large product portfolio with too many C-class items, which were pften sold only in particular countries. SITUATION AT THE TIME OF THE MERGER The planning processes in 2002 were quite complex and diversified. From the people-process-technology perspective there were little communication among different functions, and technology that supported different processes (or functions) varied from one process to another. Sales and marketing were primarily interested in selling, and had very little time for planning sales. There was little or no agreement on a sales forecast, and no accountability for customer service and stock levels. Demand Planners did not exist. Although a lot of people were involved with 'supply planning,' but they spent most of their time in expediting of orders. The Company did not have a common terminology or language for Planning and Delivery processes. The cross-functional communication was very poor, and the S&OP process in the true sense did not exist. This resulted in lack of ownership for key customer-related metrics and the delivery performance was measured by few countries, and other countries measured the customer satisfaction just by the level of recorded customer complaints. Stock levels were seen as a secondary issue and were used simply to react to customer complaints about shortages. The Company was using a variety of ERP systems - with SAP in some countries and legacy systems in others. Very often spreadsheets were used for planning. The key resulting metrics in 2002 were Orders Timely In Full (OTIF) at 88% (measured by few countries), Sales Forecast Error (MAPE) at 26% (measured for ?-class chemical items only), and Days of Supply at 67. S&OP IMPROVED DEMAND AND SUPPLY PLANNING The introduction of S&OP process helped a lot to Sales and Marketing in most countries as it gave clear understanding about targets and accountabilities. Early on (between 2003 and 2004), the focus was on stock, but in 2005 it shifted to customer service (OTIF). The position of Demand Planner was created in five large countries, and their role in the organization was specified. An extensive on-going training program was put in place to improve the skills of those involved in the process. SCOR (International Supply Chain Operational Reference model published by Supply Chain Council) terminologies and mapping were used to define company planning and delivery processes. Cross-functional S&OP process, customized for JohnsonDiversey by Oliver Wight, were rolled-out in most of the countries. …


The Archeological Expedition of Warsaw University to Novae (Bulgaria) s tar ted the excavation campaign on August 26th and closed it on October 2nd 1971. The list of the members of the Expedit ion runs as follows: Professor Kazimierz Majewski, Warsaw University, Director; Dr. Ludwika Press, Reader in Classical Archaeology, Warsaw University, Assistant Director; Eng. Leszek Dqbrowski, Reader in Warsaw University, the Expedit ion architect ; Mr. Waldemar Szubert, Μ. Α., postgraduate s tudent , Warsaw Universi ty; Mr. Tadeusz Sarnowski, Μ. Α., postgraduate s tudent , WarsawUniversity; Mr. Zbigniew Tabasz, Μ. Α., Curator of the Archaeological Museum, Cracow; Mr. Tadeusz Biniewski, manager of the Photographic Laboratory , Sta te Archaeological Museum, Warsaw; Mr. Andrzej Biernacki, s tudent , Poznan Universi ty; Mrs. Andrulla Charalambous-Gacuta and Mr. Wladyslaw Sekunda, s tudents of classical archaeology, Warsaw University. The present, the X l l t h , Polish excavation campaign in the West Sector of Novae 1 (fig. 1) aimed a t the following tasks : 1) Fur the r exploration of the building complex in section IV, 2) Tracing of the street running along the south wall of the said building complex, (Sounding D), 3) Detection of a street which would be an extension of the street unear thed along the west side of the building complex in section IV (Sounding E),


The true is a moment of the false. Overview of the hoax in Italy, from Censor (1975) to Luther Blissett.


Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) activity has been reported in Type 2 (non‐insulin‐dependent) diabetes and is a recognized risk factor for coronary artery disease. Fourteen newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients were studied before and 3 months after standard clinical dietary modification. To assess the effect of improved metabolic control on PAI‐1 activity, nine Type 2 diabetic patients established on diet therapy and with previous stable glycaemic control served as controls. In the newly diagnosed patients diet therapy resulted in a significant decrease in HbA1c levels (8.3 ± 0.5 vs 5.2 ± 0.3 % (mean ± SEM); p < 0.001), and this was accompanied by a fall in fibrinogen (4.3 ± 0.3 vs 3.0 ± 0.2 g.1−1; p < 0.01) concentration, and PAI‐1 (18.7 ± 2.3 vs 12.2 ± 0.9 arbitrary units ml−1; p < 0.02) and factor VIII (147 ± 17 vs 115 ± 13 %; p < 0.01) activities. PAI‐1 activity was correlated with triglyceride levels at the first assessment in the newly diagnosed patients (r = 0.66; p < 0.01), and this was the only independent association by multiple regression analysis when all patients (n = 23) were considered (r = 0.62; p < 0.002). However, there was no association between the changes in PAI‐1 activity and the changes in HbA1c BMI, and serum triglyceride levels following treatment in the newly diagnosed patients. Serum triglyceride concentrations, HBA1c, PAI‐1 activity, and the coagulation factors remained unchanged in the control group over the same treatment period. In conclusion, the introduction of conventional diet therapy in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients was accompanied by a significant improvement in circulating PAI‐1 activity, but this could not be related to changes in the common indices of metabolic control.


Plane shear flow is an important configuration for granular materials. We study the variation of states in plane shear flow, that is, the jam‐flow, slip‐flow, and flow states, in particular the velocities, kinetic energy, contact numbers, and force chains. An open‐source physics‐engine system (BLENDER‐REATICLE) is adopted in this study, which is developed based on the impulse‐based dynamics with the 3D creation suite Blender and the physics engine Bullet. The particles are assumed to be rigid bodies and the elastic energy and gravitational potential energy are neglected in the plane shear flow without gravity. In the phase transition diagram with axial normal stress, shear stress, and solid fraction, the critical‐jamming solid fraction and the critical shear stress are found to increase with the normal stress. We show further that a common power law with the exponent of 0.5 captures well the distributions of particles with low energy. This power law indicates the existence of ergodicity in small‐energy transformation. Moreover, we present a general friction law where the relationships between the effective friction coefficients and the inertial number obey a zero‐order infinitesimal function in the vicinity of the point with Iboundary = 0.


Since the Qin and Han Dynasties metallurgy of the Wu Kingdom developed continuously.Copper founding,iron founding and steelmaking were well developed in the Wu during the period of the Han Dynasty and the Six Dynasties and became a leading industry to the nation's economy and the people's livelihood.Since the Han Dynasty bronze mirrors were well known in Danyang County,which later developed into the manufacturing center of bronze mirrors.The discovery of various ways of making steel was a milestone in the Chinese metallurgy history.After the economic center moved to the South in the Dang Dynasty non-ferrous metal industry developed greatly.Runzhou ranked third in metallurgy and bronze mirrors,gold and silver ware and so on were sent to the court as tributes.Steelmaking in Suzhou reached the peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The techniques in making traditional metal handicrafts have been going on and improved greatly.


The present invention relates to polyoxymethylene dialkyl ethers as a special organic distillate hydrocarbons in gasoline composition applications, gasoline composition component composition comprising a) at least one of the general formula X- (O-CH2) nOX compound An general formula and at least one X - 'mixture, wherein n and n' '(O-CH2) n'-O-X' compounds of A'n is an integer of 1-5, X and X 'on the represented by formula CzH2z + 1, z is an integer of 1-10, and the mixture An A'n 'are different, X and X' are different; or b) containing the compound An, A'n 'and at least one It is of the general formula X- (O-CH2) mO-X 'Bm mixture of compounds, wherein m is an integer of 1-5, X and X' are different, and X and X 'by the formula CzH2z + 1 , where z is an integer of 1-10.


The article deals with the developing of pedagogical conditions that form the readiness of students of the musical teacher's training departments to computer technologies practical use in musical compositions ' arrangement.


The utility model relates to a fruit and vegetable degradation machine which comprises a container used for containing fruits and vegetables, and an ozone generator, an air pump, a water tank, an ultrasonic atomizer as well as a semiconductor cooler which are distributed and arranged under the bottom of the container; the bottom of the container is provided with an air hole; the ozone generator is used for generating ozone; the air pump is connected with the ozone generator and is used for pumping the ozone generated by the ozone generator into the water tank; the water tank is used for containing water and is communicated with the container by the air hole; the ultrasonic atomizer is positioned inside the water tank, is used for atomizing the water containing in the water tank, leads the atomized water vapor to be mixed with the ozone pumped by the air pump, and then leads the mixed gas to be discharged into the container through the air hole; and the semiconductor cooler clings to the water tank and is used for cooling the water vapor. The fruit and vegetable degradation machine provided by the technical scheme of the utility model can be used for carrying out more thorough pesticide degradation on the fruits and the vegetables before the fruits and the vegetables are eaten, and has the effects of detoxicating, refreshing, sterilizing and disinfecting, thus achieving the effects of avoiding the chronic poisoning, improving the mouthfeel, and prolonging the refreshing time.


311 Predictive Value of the Parent-Completed ASQ for School Difficulties in Preterm-Born Children <35 Weeks' GA at Five Years of Age Halbwachs, M. (Nantes); Muller, J.-B. (Nantes/Angers); Nguyen the Tich, S.; Gascoin, G. (Angers); Chauty-Frondas, A. (Nantes/Angers); Branger, B. (Angers); Rouger, V. (Nantes/Angers); Roze, J.-C.; Flamant, C. (Nantes/Angers) 317 Comparison of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response at Different Click Rates between Preterm Babies after Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Healthy Preterm Babies Ping, L.L.; Jiang, Z.D. (Shanghai)


In this paper, an IoT and deep learning-based comprehensive study to reduce the effects of COVID-19 on the education system is presented. The proposed system consists of an edge device, IoT nodes, and a neural network that runs on a server. The purpose of the proposed system is to protect students and staff against infectious diseases and increase the students' performance during classes by monitoring the environmental conditions via an IoT-based sensor network, during the current pandemic to ensure the use of masks in closed areas by training a customized deep learning model, and to monitor the student attendance data by deep learning and IoT-based solution. Furthermore, effective heating and cooling can be done to save energy by transmitting the environmental conditions of the indoor environment to the relevant destinations. The experiment is conducted with five different networks to classify the faces in the images as masked or unmasked, and their performances were examined. The networks were trained on the Face Mask Detection Dataset which contains a total of 7553 masked and unmasked images. The best results were obtained as 99.5% for the F1 Score and 99% for MCC by the model trained on the InceptionV3 network.


During the period 5/1/85 through 5/31/85 work was performed on the following tasks: Task No. 1-2 Methanation Model; and Task No. 1-3 Rectisol Model. The first task in providing a rating model of the Methanation Section was to develop a reaction kinetic expression that can be used in ASPEN. It is intended to insert this expression in a separate user subroutine that will be called by the RPLUG reactor model of ASPEN. RPLUG will be used in place of RGIBBS, which is used in the present flowsheet model of the Methanation Section. Based on the recommendations contained in the final topical report for the Rectisol Plant (February 1985), work was begun on: (1) attempting to merge the simulation of the Main Sequence and the Methanol Recovery Sequence; and (2) verification of the major assumptions made in preparing these simulations by reviewing the Rectisol Plant PMX diagrams.


This short paper outlines the background and prospects for a potential research agenda of Participatory Design (PD) in the area of collaborative transnational rule-making on global sustainability concerns. The paper adopts a pragmatic approach to interdisciplinary work, identifying new opportunities for PD by pointing to social science oriented processes that may be strengthened by the theory and practice of PD. With a theoretical foundation in legal philosophy on legitimacy and steps towards a deliberative democratic evolution of norms of conduct for global concerns, the paper is concerned with opportunities to involve a global citizenry in the evolution of norms of conduct that may affect the lives and futures of individuals. The paper describes research potential for PD towards enhancing information technology assisted inclusion of views, needs and concerns of individuals in transnational rule-making. It does so by drawing on the process that led to the 2011 United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. This process exemplifies challenges in collaborative and inclusive global rule-making that that may be assisted by increased and informed deployment of IT in order to enhance broad and balanced participation in the rule-making process.


Throughout the world fire regimes are determined by climate, vegetation, and anthropogenic factors, and they have great spatial and temporal variability. The availability of high‐quality satellite data has revolutionized fire monitoring, allowing for a more consistent and comprehensive evaluation of temporal and spatial patterns. Here we utilize a satellite based "active fire" (AF) product to statistically analyze 2001–2015 variability and trends in Australian fire activity and link this to precipitation and large‐scale atmospheric structures (namely, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)) known to have potential for predicting fire activity in different regions. It is found that Australian fire activity is decreasing (during summer (December–February)) or stable, with high temporal and spatial variability. Eastern New South Wales (NSW) has the strongest decreasing trend (to the 1% confidence level), especially during the winter (JJA) season. Other significantly decreasing areas are Victoria/NSW, Tasmania, and South‐east Queensland. These decreasing fire regions are relatively highly populated, so we suggest that the declining trends are due to improved fire management, reducing the size and duration of bush fires. Almost half of all Australian AFs occur during spring (September–November). We show that there is considerable potential throughout Australia for a skillful forecast for future season fire activity based on current and previous precipitation activity, ENSO phase, and to a lesser degree, the IOD phase. This is highly variable, depending on location, e.g., the IOD phase is for more indicative of fire activity in southwest Western Australia than for Queensland.


Telemetry information received from aboard the spacecraft is a dataset that describes its state. Most small satellites transmit information to the Earth in the amateur frequency range, and the quality of the received information depends on many external factors, so errors can occur during the reception of telemetric information. As a result, the missing data appears in arrays of telemetry information. This article examines the application of existing methods of imputing missing data for arrays of telemetry information. The paper includes the definition of data types that are present in the telemetry data of the small satellites of the "AIST" series and evaluation of the efficiency of the methods of imputing missing data for arrays of small satellites telemetry information. As a result, an algorithm using the methods of imputing missing data for the processing of telemetric information for small satellites of the "AIST" series. Also, the mean absolute percentage error of prediction to assess the quality of imputed data was obtained. The proposed algorithm reduces the quantity of missing data in arrays of telemetry information, and it allows to obtain a more accurate representation of the processes on board spacecraft.


English has eight voiceless-voiced fricatives /f, v, θ, Ð, s, z, ∫, and ȝ/ and two affricates /t∫ and dȝ/ in all positions. Thai, however, carries only two initial voiceless fricatives /f, s/ and one initial voiceless affricate /t∫/. In the literature, the acoustic cues for fricatives include the frication noise, the amplitude, and the fundamental and formant frequencies on the adjacent vowels. This research explores how Thai listeners can perceive the English fricatives and affricates, as opposed to the Thai set. Thirty-one English and fifteen Thai words with fricatives and affricates were chosen. Two native-American male speakers read all English words, and a native-Thai female speaker read all Thai words. All the words were acoustically measured for the acoustic cues and digitally modified for all 312 tokens with different quality and quantity. Twenty native-Thai listeners (14 females and 6 males) listened and identified each token whether it contained which original fricative or affricate. The results revealed that the correct responses of the Thai learners were at a higher rate (90–100%) for the Thai original and modified tokens, and at a lower rate (30–100%) for the English set. It is hoped that this study will shed light on to future perceptual studies.


The modularization of Service Function Chains (SFCs) in Network Function Virtualization (NFV) could introduce significant performance overhead and resource efficiency degradation due to introducing frequent packet transfer and consuming much more hardware resources. In response, we exploit the lightweight and individually scalable features of elements in Modularized SFCs (MSFCs) and propose CoCo, a compact and optimized consolidation framework for MSFC in NFV. CoCo addresses the above problems in two ways. First, CoCo Optimized Placer pays attention to the problem of which elements to consolidate and provides a performance-aware placement algorithm to place MSFCs compactly and optimize the global packet transfer cost. Second, CoCo Individual Scaler innovatively introduces a push-aside scaling up strategy to avoid degrading performance and taking up new CPU cores. To support MSFC consolidation, CoCo also provides an automatic runtime scheduler to ensure fairness when elements are consolidated on CPU core. Our evaluation results show that CoCo achieves significant performance improvement and efficient resource utilization.


A large portion of current natural gas metering technology requires a fully-developed velocity profile for accurate flow measurement results. Two methods can be used to obtain a fully-developed velocity profile in natural gas pipelines: long lengths of straight pipe, or shorter pipe lengths in combination with a flow conditioner. Due to size limitations, long lengths of straight pipe are not always practical and flow conditioners may be the only viable option. Flow conditioners that are based on a distributed pattern of holes through a plate are commonly used in the natural gas industry and are referred to as "perforated plate" flow conditioners. The ability of a perforated plate flow conditioner to redistribute a disturbed velocity profile is based on multiple geometric characteristics of the plate (e.g., hole pattern, porosity, and plate thickness) and on the hole details (e.g., edge sharpness). Exposure of perforated plate flow conditioners to conditions in natural gas pipelines could result in changes to the geometric characteristics of the flow conditioner due to dirt buildup on the flow conditioner face or wear of the edge sharpness. This effort evaluatesd the ability of dirty or worn plate flow conditioners to effectively redistribute a disturbed velocity profile.


The effects of trade liberalization on poverty in Tunisia are examined in a dynamic computable general equilibrium model (DCGE). The DCGE model endogenously generates the evolution of prices and, for each household group, income paths under protection and freer trade assumptions. These results are then used to assess the equivalent income of each household using a sample from 1995 household survey, and so the effects of the simulated changes on poverty. Dominance tests are also used to avoid the arbitrariness of choosing a poverty line and a poverty measure. Simulation results show that although trade openness slowdowns the downward trend of poverty in the short-run, it enhances poverty reduction in the longrun.


A current U.S. Department of Education goal is to prepare over 100,000 new science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) teachers by 2021. This article discusses how physical educators and their field "fit" within the STEAM philosophy.


The article considered the factors of sustainable development. The analysis of the dynamics of the development of rural households of the Russian Federation has been conducted. Directions and tools for ensuring sustainable development of rural households in the region in modern conditions have been proposed. An algorithm for ensuring conditions for sustainable development has been defined.


Abstract The experimentally found temperature dependence of permittivity ϵ of ferroelectric liquid crystals is discussed on the basis of the Landau type free energy for the ferroelectric phase transition SA → SC*. It is shown that the free energy expansion containing the lowest order terms cannot describe the measured ϵ (T). Two attempts improving the free energy are considered from the point of view of available experimental ϵ and PS data. It is proved that the free energy with gradient terms of higher order cannot explain the measured PS values and that it is necessary to take into account the biquadratic coupling p2θ2 The effect of the real sample structure on ϵ is proved especially on thin samples. The optical contrast observed on planar helicoidal samples is explained on the basis of adiabatic passage of the linearly polarized light through the sample.


Based on continuous mining technology,cave inducement of roof is a nontraditional,safe and high-efficiency method,which is widely used in mining of inclined,gently inclined large-scale barren orebody and processing technique to mined stope.In order to study the relationship between the evolvement of fracture and discontinuity in rock mass and mechanism of cave inducement of rock mass,the monitoring on development of fracture on the wall of pre-splitting boreholes in cave inducement of roof is put into practice by panoramic borehole television.According to monitoring results,the development situation of original fracture and discontinuity in rock mass under the artificial disturbance is reflected by the images.Consequently,a qualitative and intuitional evaluation to cave inducement can be provided;and the controllability of cave inducement roof is increased.The monitoring and analytical results show that a fractured zone comes into being in the range of 5 m in the direct roof during the cave inducement process.Relatively,the surrounding rock represents fragmentation circumstance.A ring-shaped fracturing zone is formed in the range of 10 m from the roof simultaneously.Then,with the farther development of quantity and density of fracture,the cave inducement of roof is formed ultimately.


This briefing note summarizes the presentation given by Commander Jason Kelshall, examining contemporary security concerns through the lens of his experience in the Navy of Trinidad and Tobago. The presentation took place at the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies' (CASIS) first annual security conference on November 16th, 2018. The conference included both practitioners and academics, speaking to a variety of security concerns relevant to Canada.


The problem of finding linear combinations of Slater determinants which are eigenfunctions of both the S2 and Sz operators is considered. The method of projection operators is used in forming eigenfunctions of S2. A recursion relation is given for the coefficients in the linear combination. Rules are given for selecting a complete linearly independent set of eigenfunctions and an explicit formula is given for the members of the set.


High‐resolution 2H‐nmr is employed to monitor the D2O in hydrated solids of Li‐DNA prepared from solution by three different methods: lyophilization, slow evaporation of the water, and wet spinning in alcohol. From the spectral shapes and spin–spin relaxation measurements, the DNA in the lyophilized samples is found to be locally ordered with a domain size of ∼ 0.4 μm. Much longer range macrosopic ordering is found in samples prepared by slow evaporation of the water. Here the DNA spontaneously assembles into a structure that is probably cholesteric, in which the pitch axis is perpendicular to the plane on which the DNA dried. The wet‐spinning method produces macroscopically, uniaxially oriented DNA molecules with a maximum helix axis disorder of 12°. To aid in the comparison between calculated and experimental line shapes, a two‐dimensional technique is employed to separate the contributions to the line width arising from DNA static disorder, magnetic inhomogeneities, and spin–spin relaxation.


The statistics of the system composed of a large number of line vortices is studied as a model of two-dimensional turbulence at extremely large Reynolds numbers. The state of the vortex system is expressed as a point in the phase space composed of the ( x , y ) coordinates of the vortices. A spatial distribution of vortices corresponds to a finite volume in the phase space. The distribution which has the maximum volume in the phase space is identified with the most probable one. The axisymmetric distributions are calculated for various values of the constants of motion of the system. Numerical experiments using some hundreds of vortices are carried out and it is found that the distributions obtained by the numerical experiments are in good agreement with the most probable distributions.


The temporal modulations of magnetospheric chorus waves are one of the candidates for explaining quasiperiodic precipitation of energetic electrons causing pulsating aurora (PsA). To confirm fully the direct association between PsA and chorus, an extended interval of PsA (~1 hr) simultaneously observed by the Arase satellite and a ground‐based all‐sky imager in Apatity, Kola Peninsula, Russia was examined. In particular, a region of high correlation between PsA and chorus was continuously tracked within the field of view of the all‐sky imager. The result showed that the high‐correlation region and the modeled footprint of Arase moved in tandem. This strongly implies that the chorus and PsA electrons originated from the same local interaction region. In addition, the location of the high‐correlation region showed sudden jumps, which were probably associated with the motion of the satellite through discrete spatial structures of plasma in the region of wave‐particle interaction.


After observation and analysis on 3 complex planting models of eco-economic forest in Jinsha river hot-dry valley,it shows,the 3 complex planting models' economic production-invest ratio and land production relation is: Longyan+Taiwan Green JujubeLongyan+Rose GeraniumLongyan Monoculture.The Longyan+Taiwan Green Jujube model is best,the two index of it are 1.6 and 3.3 times to Longyan monoculture.The biomass and correlative indexes of Longyan+Rose geranium model are higher than the other 2 model.Each model has regulate function to local microclimate,and the effect is Longyan+Taiwan Green JujubeLonggan+Rose GeraniumLongyan monoculture.As to the soil improvement effect,the Longyan+Rose Geranium model obviously excel the two other models.Synthetically analyze the 3 models eco-economic benefit,the Longyan+Taiwan Green Jujube and Longyan+Rose geranium models are better than Longyan monoculture.


The Crab is a standard calibration source for TeV gamma ray as tronomy. Its energy spectrum extends beyond 10s of TeV, however, an open question is does t he spectrum cutoff and at what energy. We present new results from Milagro analysis of the energy sp ectrum of the Crab nebula up to 100 TeV with good statistical determination. A robust algorithm wa s developed to estimate the energies of gamma rays on an event by event basis. This energy algorithm is base d upon correlation of incident energy with core distance, zenith angle and the number of PMTs hit in the a ir shower and outrigger layers of Milagro telescope as determined by simulations using CORSIKA and GE ANT. The variables used for energy estimation are relatively independent of the quantities us ed to make the gamma/hadron separation cut. The energy algorithm is used to measure the spectral slope of the background cosmic ray triggers in the full 1 to 100 TeV energy range, which gives a fit with a single sp ctral slope of−2.71 ± 0.03, showing that the algorithm works well over this energy range. The pro cedure is then used to obtain the energy spectrum for the Crab signal, which is found to fit well to a pow er law. The Milagro γ-ray Observatory The Milagro instrument consists of a 60 m x 80 m pond containing a total of 723 photomultiplier, with 263 tubes submerged at a depth of 6 m and 450 at a depth of 1.4 m. The photomultipliers in both layers are spaced 2.7 m for their nearest neighbor in a grid pattern (see figure 1). The main pond is surrounded by a 200 m x 200 m "outrigger" array, which consists of cylindrical water tanks with a radius of ≈ 1 m and a height of ≈ 0.75 m, each containing a single inverted photomultiplier tube. Milagro is located at an altitude of 2630 m, approximately 45 km northeast of Los Alamos, NM. Energy Reconstruction Event-by-Event energy reconstruction in Milagro is dependent upon the core distance of an extensive air shower (EAS) from the center of Milagro (rc), the zenith angle of the primary particle ( θ) and the detector response to the event, which is measured through the number of photomultipliers triggered in the air shower layer ( NAS) and outrigger array (NOR). Though Monte Carlo simulations it has been determined that the parameter ξ given by ξ = NAS cos(θ) + 〈ω〉NOR (1) has a strong correlation with the energy of the primary particle.〈ω〉 is a weight introduced to correct for the relative triggering efficiency and spacing of the outrigger array and the AS layer. The determination of energies is carried out using ξ by dividing the data into three 10 and one15 zenith angle bins. The data is further partitioned into 6 rc bins. From the Monte Carlo data the correlation with energy is determined independently for each bin and stored for the determination of event energies (see figure 2). Event energies are determined through Efit = E0 { ξ ξ0 }ln n ξ0 ξ1 o


The Himalayan rocks are young and are undergoing st ress changes. In view of the number of hydroelectrical projects under construction and also in planning, a comprehensive study of the physic-geotechnical properties has been taken up. For the first time on Salal dolomite, an extensive laboratory investigations have been carried out, the properties have been compared vis-a-vis dolomites from other countries. A strength criterion developed earlier has been found to be applicable to all intact dolomites including Salal dolomite. This criterion has been further extended to predict strength of rock mass in situ through rock mass classification. The Salal Dolomite has been classified linking its lithology and geotechnical response.