Biomass gasification technology has been developed in Indonesia in the last 30 years. However, the use of synthetic gas directly on diesel engine and steam turbine for electricity generation has a relatively low efficiency. New technology has been emerged to integrate thermal gasification with Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis which then can be combined with heat and electricity production. This paper consists of techno-economic study for optimal electricity and diesel fuel production using corncob gasification integrated with FT process. Optimal production (409 GWh electricity, 58,900 kL fuel) can be achieved when using air and operating pressure 25 bar. Calculated production cost is 6,569 IDR/kL FT fuel and 245 IDR/kWh electricity. With average Indonesian electricity tariff 1,123 IDR/kWh, BGFT electricity production cost is much lower, about 22% of Indonesian electricity tariff. Corncob price change has higher effect on electricity production cost than water price change. So, if the electricity cost wants to be hold in economic level, then the corncob price should be held constant. The price will stay constant if there are no competitor that would use corncob as raw material. As of now, corncob still considered as waste that are not used for economic activities.


Weaknesses in electrostatic discharge (ESD) connection paths directly contribute to field failures if they are not properly identified and fixed pre-silicon. Although traditional verification tools such as design rule checking (DRC), layout vs. schematic (LVS) verification and electrical rule checking (ERC) are still required in an integrated circuit (IC) verification flow, they can no longer be the only tools used. This work demonstrates the importance of adding comprehensive reliability checking to the overall IC verification flow to accurately identify reliability issues that cannot be found using traditional verification methods.


Based on the evolution of food safety and food trade in China,the thesis focuses on the improvement of food competitive capability,explores the relationship between the food safety and the building of a harmonious society and raises some suggestions on how to improve the competitive capability of food export and decrease trade friction in expectations of setting up friendly and mutual-beneficial relationship between China and other trading partners.


Background and Objective: The relationship between personality characters and coping strategy has been shown in various studies. However, there is little knowledge about the variables that may affect this relationship in girls. Which have the negative effects on their behavior, when using coping strategies? The aim of study determines the role of moderating anxiety in relation personality traits and coping styles in female students. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive and correlation and conducted the participation of 221 students of Payame Noor University in the academic year 2015-2016. The sampling method was available and the data were collected using coping strategies, state- trait anxiety and NEO-FFI Big five factor Personality questionnaires. Data were analyzed based on Pearson correlation and multiple regressions and using 21 version of SPSS software. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 25.3 (2.7) and in they were of the middle socioeconomic class. The adjusted strategy score with the mean (SD) 140.9 (17.1) had a negative correlation with anxiety score with the mean (SD) 35.9 (4.6): r=-0.294, P<0.05 which meant that the anxiety score increased with decreased adjusted strategy score. The isolation score with the mean (SD) 28.2 (9.5) had a positive correlation with anxiety score: r=0.546, P<0.05. There was a significant and positive relation with maladjusted strategy 64.7 (10), (P<0.05). There was a direct moderate correlation between anxiety (r=0.245) and neuroticism (r=0.341) with maladjusted strategy with the mean (SD) 64.7(10). Conclusion: The study showed that there was a positive correlation between maladjusted strategy and neuroticism and that anxiety can reinforce the relationship between neuroticism and maladjusted strategy.


Obtaining a patient's informed consent to treatment is an expected component of clinical interactions. The notion that a person as an autonomous being has a right to decide whether or not to consent to medical treatment from an informed basis has its origins in both law and ethical theory. In this research I investigate the issue of informed consent from two overall perspectives. The first concerns its basis in ethical theories of autonomy and its interpretation by the law and by health professional guidelines. The second involves an empirical examination of its occurrence within the communicative interaction between a physiotherapist and their patient, and its interpretation by the physiotherapist. I use qualitative research methods involving analysis of individual audio-taped treatment encounters in private physiotherapy practice and interviews with the treating physiotherapist. A central tenet of this study is that the translation of both legal and ethical criteria into the context of the clinical encounter requires a process of negotiation and communicative interaction between the patient and health professional. This research seeks to understand this process, and the factors that influence it in the specific context of physiotherapists and the private practice clinical encounter. My examination of ethical theories of autonomy and their implementation in models of informed consent demonstrates that they provide a useful ethical framework for physiotherapy clinical practice. In particular, they highlight the importance of respecting both rights and capacities of patients, to contribute autonomously, in the clinical interaction. I found that the most visible ethical framework underpinning therapists' communication with their patients, including the way they obtained patients' informed consent to treatment, was one of beneficence. Therapists valued and defined their role as the provider of treatment and the person responsible for solving patients' problems. They valued patient trust on the basis that it enhanced their ability to effectively treat their patient and they valued patients who complied with and contributed to the therapeutic goals of the clinical encounter. Therapists' communication with their patients was motivated by the overriding goal of producing a therapeutic benefit, rather than enhancing or promoting their autonomous contribution. Therapists defined and implemented the informed consent process as part of their routine clinical interactions. This meant that obtaining patients' informed consent consisted of therapists giving patients information in the


From the perspective of cost effect, environmental cost internalization negatively influences Chinese export. However, it can be helpful to Chinese export from the perspective of innovation effect. Therefore, on the one hand, enterprises' burdens should be alleviated in order to ease the increasing cost from environmental cost internalization; on the other hand, innovations should be supported, by subsidizing the environmental friendly productions.


Ten months of daily observations on stock market volatility and program trading on the NYSE reveal no relation between volatility and program trading intensity. The days on which volatility was high were not, systematically, the days on which program trading intensity was high. This is evident both from casual observation of the data and from analyses of the correlation and regression results. There does appear to be, however, a positive relation between the intensity of DOT volume (relative to NYSE volume) and volatility. There also appears to be a positive relation between the intensity of non-program DOT volume (relative to NYSE volume) and volatility. This suggests that very volatile days are also days when the retail-customer-generated DOT order flow is large, relative to institutional block trades (which are not DOT-delivered).


We study the physics potential of a reference next-generation water-Cherenkov detector (0.4 Mton of fiducial mass) in providing information on supernova neut rino flavor transitions with unprecedented statistics. We emphasize the importance of studying the time spectra of events, which encode combined information on neutrino oscillation parameters and on supernova forward (and possibly reverse) shock waves. In particular, we show that an appropriate ratio of low-to-high energy events can faithfully monitor the time evolution of the neutrino crossing probability along the shock-wave profile, and can provide precious informatio n about currently unknown neutrino mass-mixing parameters.


Osteonecrosis (ON) (avascular necrosis, aseptic necrosis or subchondral avascular necrosis) is not a specific disease entity but the final common pathway of a number of conditions leading to bone death [1].To examine the frequency of ON and to investigate different common comorbidities association with ON in a rheumatology department.All patients with a first-time hospital diagnosis of ON in rheumatology department during 1995–2022 were included. We obtained a complete hospital history of comorbidities preceding the diagnosis of ON.43 ON cases were included with an average of 1.6 cases/year. The mean age of our patients was 53 years (27-82). The sex-ratio male to female was 1,75 (12 females and 21 males).The different sites of osteonecrosis were distributed as follows: femoral head, femoral condyle, semilunar and humeral head.The diagnosis of ON was confirmed by simple radiography in15 cases, bone scan in 14 cases and with magnetic resonance imagery in 14 cases.Dyslipidemia was the most common comorbidity (13.9 % of patients), followed by high blood pressure, hypothyroidism, allergic asthma, obesity, alcohol abuse, renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, gout, hemopathy, trauma, and coronary artery disease.Among these chronic conditions, the most common recognized risk factor of ON in our series was medications (corticosteroids) followed by dyslipidemia, alcohol abuse, hemopathy (sickle cell anemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and beta thalassemia) and trauma (fractures and dislocation of the hip).All patients received medical treatment based on painkillers and functional rehabilitation.12 patients had surgical treatment: 8 total hip prosthesis, 3 Core decompression and bone marrow aspirate concentrate injection for Avascular Necrosis of the femoral head and 1 Proximal row carpectomy for semilunar osteonecrosis.This monocentric study provides evidence for an increasing ON incidence associated to systemic steroid administration. Hence the need for early and adequate management of this factor to prevent possible complications such as aseptic osteonecrosis.[1]Pavelka K. Osteonecrosis. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2000 Jun;14(2):399-414. doi: 10.1053/berh.2000.0072. PMID: 10925752.NIL.None Declared.


Understanding how bison behaved in the past can provide key insights for today's managers, ecologists, and anthropologists. However, the direct application of both historic documentation and modern field observations may not provide the necessary insights for understanding bison behaviors in archeological and paleontological contexts. In order to develop a better understanding of possible behavior within these contexts, we have developed individual foraging histories for 22 Bison bison from the Glenrock Buffalo Jump assemblage of the Plains Late Prehistoric period in Wyoming and four Pleistocene B. priscus from the Ukraine. Incremental stable carbon isotopic values of dental enamel were used to determine foraging histories. The progressive development of enamel allows for samples to be selected that represent distinct periods of an individual's life. Comparison of these dietary patterns among members of a herd can demonstrate foraging behaviors of


Comprehensive study of high-quality monolayer graphene samples grown by thermal destruction of the Si-face of the 4H-SiC substrate was carried out. Analysis of the data obtained by Raman spectroscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy suggest the need to use the Fermi velocity in the graphene layer under study to obtain a correct estimate of the electron concentration and strain values using Raman data. This statement is valid not only for graphene on the SiC substrate, but for graphene on any other substrate as well, since the Fermi velocity in graphene depends on the dielectric constant of the substrate.


A porous film membrane wall a hydrophobic polymer and a hydrophilic polymer is formed, and divided into three equal parts the membrane wall in the thickness direction, a region including one wall surface A of the membrane wall a when a region c including the other wall surface C, and when divided into the region b between the region a and the region c, the content C


For the last several decades, there has been little debate over the origins of central and peripheral glia. Central nervous system (CNS) glia, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and radial glia, are specified from CNS neural precursors[1], whereas peripheral nervous system (PNS) glia, including Schwann cells and satellite glia, are derivatives of the neural crest [2]. However, this strict delineation of central versus peripheral glia is being challenged, and the implications could revolutionize human medicine. In the February issue of PLOS Genetics, Weider and colleagues report that a cell population with characteristics very similar to CNS oligodendrocytes can arise from satellite glia in the periphery with only the overexpression of a single transcription factor [3]. This work, in conjunction with several other recent papers [4–7], has us not only peering through Alice's looking glass but also crossing straight through.


Abstract Theoretical methods suggested in the literature for the design of precipitation systems under batch and continuous operation are reviewed. Expressions relating precipitation conditions to the particulate properties of the resulting suspension, namely its crystal size distribution and filtration resistance, are derived. Application of these expressions to precipitation systems design is discussed and illustrated by practical examples. The limits of applicability of the reviewed methods are indicated.


HE researches of Pasteur in respect to hydrophobia are epoch-making. He cannot, indeed, be said to have ■ llfound the immediate cause of rabies, and the world has still to be content with knowing the condition, but he has found a perfect prophylactic. Before his discoveries, science was not much further advanced in respect to canine madness than in the times of the Greek and Roman writers, Hippocrates, Galen, Celsus. It may be of interest to give the views of that fine flower of the Renaissance, Girolamo Fracastoro of Verona, who wrote in the first half of the sixteenth century, and who was at the very top of his pro fession. He gives a description of the disease in man and its treatment in his celebrated Latin prose work published at Verona, 1546, "De contagionibus, et contagiosis morbis et eorum curatione," to which his work in twenty-four chapters, "De sympathia et antipathia rerum" was avowedly written as an Introduction.1 He speaks of it in the dog in his Latin dactylic hexameter poem, "Alcon, sive de cura canum venaticorum." The precise date of the publication of this poem is uncertain. In the first book of the prose work of thirteen chapters is a definition followed by a classification of contagions; in the second book of fifteen chapters, chapter x is "De rabie"; and in the third of eleven chapters, chapter ix is "De curatio rabidorum"; the first book may be neglected for the purpose of this article.


The present invention discloses a method for tracking user plane data, comprising: a user plane protocol stack processing module maintains a user plane data acquisition configuration management module according to an operation of the tracking parameters; user plane protocol stack processing module user plane data collected sent to the operation and maintenance management module; operation and maintenance management module stores the received data in order to analyze process. The tracking unit comprises a tracking parameter, the object tracking, the tracking point and / or tracking data reporting format. The method according to the present invention, the OAM functions of the system, the real-time data transmission completed data link layer processing of the collection, preservation and parsing. Positioning the tool with integrated with existing equipment, without the use of third-party devices, thus reducing costs. The present invention is a simple data acquisition operation for offline analysis easy expansion.


We consider high spin operators. We give a general argument for the logarithmic scaling of their anomalous dimensions which is based on the symmetries of the problem. By an analytic continuation we can also see the origin of the double logarithmic divergence in the Sudakov factor. We show that the cusp anomalous dimension is the energy density for a flux configuration of the gauge theory on AdS 3 × S 1. We then focus on operators in N = 4 super Yang Mills which carry large spin and SO(6) charge and show that in a particular limit their properties are described in terms of a bosonic O(6) sigma model. This can be used to make certain all loop computations in the string theory. In this paper we focus on two issues. First we discuss how the so called " cusp anomalous dimension " , f (λ), appears in various computations. Namely in the dimension of high spin operators and in lightlike Wilson loops with a cusp. These are well known relations and our only objective here is to give a different perspective on these issues. First we give a general argument for the logarithmic behavior of the anomalous dimension of high spin operators ∆ − S = f (λ) log S [1,2] which is based on the symmetries of the problem. Then we argue that the Sudakov form factor for two light-like particles has a behavior e − f (λ) 4 (log µ) 2 as a function of the IR cutoff [3,4,5,6] (for a review see [7]). This factor gives the leading IR behavior when we consider the exclusive scattering of colored particles and it is an important ingredient in the computation of amplitudes [8]. Both of these properties follow from symmetries of the theory plus the fact that we have gauge fluxes. For the particular case of planar N = 4 super Yang Mills, exact results were derived using integrability. In particular, an exact integral equation was written whose solution gives the cusp anomalous dimension for arbitrary λ [9]. This equation was analyzed further in [10]. In the second part of this paper we consider the question of high spin operators in N = 4 super Yang Mills that carry spin S and one of the SO(6) charges, J, in the large S, J limit such that J/(log S) is kept finite. In that case one can show that …


Coated abrasive article epoxide, multifunctional urethane (meth) acrylate, a non-poly-isotropic backing treatment containing urethane polyfunctional (meth) acrylates, acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer, die cyan diamond imide photoinitiator material by polymerizing a precursor, at least in part it has a manufacturable process backing material. Method of manufacturing and use are also disclosed. The abrasive article, the backing, the processing material, (meth) acrylate, di-dia mid cyan, photo-initiator, the polymerization


We have applied different theoretical models to investigate a number of chemical systems. These investigations include: (i) a Gaussian-3(G3), Gaussian-3X, CCSD (T)/CBS study of the structures and energetics of nitrogen oxides; (ii) a Gaussian-3(G3), Gaussian-3X, CCSD(T)/CBS study of the structures and energetics of sulfur compounds ; (iii) an ab initio study of the effects of BF3 and other Lewis acids on the oxidation of CH4 by some transition state oxo species, including FeO4, VO4, MnO4, CrO4 and HCrO4. The results of each of these projects are reported in a self-contained chapter in the thesis. In these studies, reasonable to excellent agreement is obtained between our computational structural and energetic results and available experimental data. This agreement lends confidence to those results with no experimental data for comparison. In addition, some of the reaction transition states are found.


Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was implemented to monitor the moisture content of broadleaf litters. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models, incorporating optimal wavelength selection techniques, have been proposed to better predict the litter moisture of forest floor. Three broadleaf litters were used to sample the reflection spectra corresponding the different degrees of litter moisture. The maximum normalization preprocessing technique was successfully applied to remove unwanted noise from the reflectance spectra of litters. Four variable selection methods were also employed to extract the optimal subset of measured spectra for establishing the best prediction model. The results showed that the PLSR model with the peak of beta coefficients method was the best predictor among all of the candidate models. The proposed NIRS procedure is thought to be a suitable technique for on-the-spot evaluation of litter moisture.


Oil palm plantations are intensively managed agricultural systems that increasingly dominate certain tropical regions. Oil palm monocultures have been criticized because of their reduced biodiversity compared to the forests they historically replaced, and because of their negative impact on soils, water, and climate. We experimentally test whether less intensive management schemes may enhance biodiversity and lessen detrimental effects on the environment while maintaining high yields. We compare reduced versus conventional fertilization, as well as mechanical versus chemical weed control (with herbicides) in a long-term, full-factorial, multidisciplinary experiment. We conducted the experiment in an oil palm company estate in Sumatra, Indonesia, and report the results of the first two years. We measured soil nutrients and functions, surveyed above- and below-ground organisms, tracked oil palm condition and productivity, and calculated plantation gross margins. Plants, aboveground arthropods and belowground animals were positively affected by mechanical versus chemical weed control, but we could not detect effects on birds and bats. There were no detectable negative effects of reduced fertilization or mechanical weeding on oil palm yields, fine roots, or leaf area index; however, stem growth was enhanced under mechanical weeding. Also, we could not detect detrimental effects of the reduced fertilization and mechanical weeding on soil nutrients and functions (mineral nitrogen, bulk density, and litter decomposition), but water infiltration and base saturation tended to be higher under mechanical weeding, while soil moisture and microbial biomass varied with treatment. Economic performance, measured as gross margins, was higher under reduced fertilization. There might be a delayed response of oil palm to the different management schemes applied, so results of future years may confirm whether this is a sustainable management strategy. Nevertheless, the initial effects of the experiment are encouraging to consider less intensive management practices as economically and ecologically viable options for oil palm plantations.


Evaluation of ultrasonic vehicle detector (UVD) was conducted in an intersection in the city of Beijing in cooperation of BRITE (Beijing Research Institute of Traffic Engineering), Tsinghua University and Matsushita Communication Industrial. During the test period, there were exceptional cases of vehicle detection: (1) detection of non-motorized vehicles such as bicycles and tricycles, and (2) detection of vehicles in the opposite direction. Though this fact makes the difference between the actual traffic volume and the volume detected by UVD, detected data can be optimized by non-linear regression analysis for the use of actual traffic data. In addition, the development of an algorithm for UVD to identify smaller vehicles or pedestrians is recommended for wide use of UVD. On the other hand, traffic regulation and lane marking to separate lanes for automobiles in different directions and to separate lanes for automobiles and non-motorized vehicles is required for the effective use and implementation of vehicle detection systems. (A*) For the covering abstract see ITRD E110327.


The book presents the basic concepts of innovation management as a system of forms and methods of organizing innovative activities of people and creative teams, organizing and carrying out work on the implementation of innovative projects of various complexity. The article reveals the ideas about the innovation process and innovation activity, the evaluation of this activity using modern knowledge and international materials-the Oslo Recommendations, the features of the transfer and diffusion of innovations.


A fuzzy controlled robot system, which can grasp a 2D irregularly moving spherical object is presented. It consists of a scalar type arm robot, an image processing system, and a fuzzy controller. The moving position of the spherical object is predicted by a fuzzy inference method based on a trajectory pattern matching procedure.<<ETX>>


Communitarian and liberalist argue about the issue on justice vehemently.Communitarian criticize the individualism philosophy foundation of the liberalism deeply,and hold that the justice can′t escape from the community;They criticize the standpoint that justice comes first,hold that justice can′t be independent on good;They criticize the point of the catholicity of the justice,hold that justice isn′t super-history;They construct the political philosophy which makes the community as the core,and hold that personal character should accept the leading role of the community′s good.The communitarian makes a very big impact to liberalism,but they can′t change the liberalism′s predominant position.


Research has demonstrated environmentally induced plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrusevoked potentials. Other research has shown a role of the NMDA receptor in dentate gyrus long‐term potentiation (LTP). The authors tested the role of the NMDA receptor in one form of environmentally induced plasticity, in which transferring animals from their home cages to another environment results in significant excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) enhancement and concomitant depression of the population spike. Rats were chronically implanted with stimulating electrodes in the perforant path and recording electrodes in the dentate gyrus bilaterally. Evoked potentials were recorded from freely behaving rats for four 20‐minute sessions (1/wk), which took place immediately following an environmental transfer. Rats received 0.00, 0.05, 0.08, or 0.10 mg/kg MK‐801 s. c. 30 minutes prior to recording sessions in either an ascending‐ or descending‐dose series. Results showed that MK‐801 produced a reduction of the EPSP enhancement, which takes place over the 20‐minute session. The effects of MK‐801 on spike depression varied as a function of dose series and time within a session, suggesting a long‐term effect of MK‐801 on spike depression. There was no detected effect of MK‐801 on behavior. Results suggest a role of the NMDA receptor in this form of environmentally induced plasticity with different effects of NMDA receptor antagonism on EPSP enhancement and spike depression.


Tracer displacements were run during steadystate, two-phase flow, where tracers were added to both the wetting and nonwetting phases. Such experiments were conducted in the primary drainage, imbibition, and secondary drainage cycles over a wide range of fractional flows. The effluent tracer profiles from these experiments were fit with a four-parameter, capacitance-dispersion model, which divides each phase into three fractions: flowing, dendritic (branching), and isolated. Mixing in the flowing fraction is described by a dispersion coefficient, and communication between the flowing and dendritic fraction is represented by a single mass transfer coefficient. This model is shown to adequately fit tracer effluent data over a wide range of conditions. In some areas the model is nonunique--thus, more than one solution fits the experimental data equally well. Additional experiments were conducted to differentiate mechanisms in these regions. The effects of core wettability were investigated and shown to be important. The results of all of these experiments were used to formulate a mechanistic picture of steady, two-phase flow in strongly wetted porous media.


Long-time discontinuous dam monitoring data may lead to incoherent data series.So,it is not suitable for regression fitting and prediction.Based on the traditional MGM(1,m) model,the residual errors between fitting of monitoring data and observed data are corrected.And then an improved non-equidistant MGM(1,m) model is applied to fit and predict the displacement and stress of a certain high arch dam foundation.The results show that an improved MGM(1,m) model has high precision and it can be applied to the practical projects.


Summary The literature on the incidence of "spontaneous" stomach cancer in the African rodent Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis is reviewed. The considerable variations in this incidence are noted. Of the 60 animals studied by the authors, 31 (50%) were 18 months of age or older; (20, age 18 months; 1, age 21 months; 3, age 24 months; and 7, age 27 months). No gastric cancers were found. The reported differences in the occurrence of tumors is suggested as due to genetic factors, the expression of which is modified by some environmental agent.


Based on the condition of the traffic system,the paper gives an abstract about how to make use of GPS/GIS technology and GSM as network transmission system,thereby realizes intelligent traffic system.From hardware to software and work principle of this system,the paper gives a unitary explanation.In order to improve system capability,the paper gives some references to the choice of hardware module,and in the end,analyses the feasibility of this system.


The clinical characteristics of 53 patients with chronic pancreatitis were analyzed retrospectively to investigate the clinical aspects of chronic pancreatitis in Korea. Alcohol was the most important cause of chronic pancreatitis (51%). In 30% of the patients the causes were not evident. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (93%) and weight loss (77%). The levels of serum amylase were elevated in only 37% of the patients even during acute exacerbation. In radiologic studies, pancreatic calcifications were found in 65% of the patients In 12 of the 53 patients, chronic pancreatitis could be dignosed only by ERCP. The most common complications were diabetes mellitus (30%), followed by pseudocyst (28%) and biliary tract obstruction (23%). The most common cause of surgical operations was the inability to differentiate chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer with the conventional diagnostic tools including radiologic studies. In the patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, males occupied the larger proportion, weight loss was more severe, and the degree of hyperbilirubinemia was less than in the patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. Although the patients with idiopathic calcifications were older than the patients without pancreatic calcifications, there was no difference in clinical characteristics between calcific and noncalcific chronic pancreatitis exept the mean age. In conclusian, alcohol is the most important cause of chronic pancreatitis in Korea and the ERCP is very useful for diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, but the level of serum amylase activity is not.


Objective: Implementation of radiopharmacy is one of the advancements infield of pharmacy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the need of radiopharmacists in Sri Lanka, by exploring the awareness of patients about radiopharmaceuticals and as well as perception of healthcare professionals and future healthcare practitioners towards radiopharmaceuticals. Methods: A total of 34 patients were interviewed who were receiving radiopharmaceuticals for their treatment. Moreover, an interview-administered questionnaire was used to explore the perception of healthcare professionals and undergraduate students. Results: A total of 9 males and 25 female patients were included in the study. Slightly less than half (46%) of patients were educated up to O-Level. A large majority (82%) of patients had knowledge on their disease conditions. Similarly, large number (88.24%) of patients reported awareness about the safety measures which are needed to be followed. Within the interview setting, patients expressed their inclination towards more information about their drug use. In terms of exploring the perception, around three-fourth (75%) of respondents agreed to have a radiopharmacist for proper handling processes, educating the patients and for assisting doctors and nurses. Around 90% of respondents urged on the importance of radiopharmacist in Sri Lanka and strongly emphasized on patient's education about their radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusion: Gaps were identified regarding patient awareness about the use of their radiopharmaceuticals. Interestingly all the respondents showed willingness towards the concept of a radiopharmacist in Sri Lanka.


ABSTRACT This study examined, using a within-person design, how fluctuations in work-related affective rumination and problem-solving pondering are related to recovery and well-being (N = 171; 677 day-level data points over five consecutive work days). We hypothesized that trait self-regulation moderates the relationship between problem-solving during the evening and the state of being recovered at bedtime. We analyzed our data using a moderated multilevel mediation approach. The results showed that affective rumination during the evening was indirectly related to impaired well-being in the subsequent morning through its negative relationship with the state of being recovered at bedtime. Problem-solving was indirectly related to well-being in the subsequent morning through its relationship with the state of being recovered at bedtime. However, this indirect effect was moderated by trait self-regulation in a way that problem-solving pondering was positively related to the state of being recovered, and consequently, to improved well-being for employees higher in self-regulation, whereas it was negatively related to the state of being recovered, and consequently, to impaired well-being for those lower in self-regulation. These findings suggest that problem-solving pondering may be beneficial or unfavorable for recovery and well-being depending on the degree to which employees can regulate their cognitions and feelings.


Breast cancer can induce psychological and sexual disturbances in the affected person. These can have an impact on sexual desire and thus affect the foundations of identity, seduction and self-image. We therefore conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection to explore this type of alteration over 6 months. The inclusion criteria were: age at least 18 years, WHO Performans status between 0 and 2, written informed consent. The method was the use of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Sexual dysfunction was found in 240 out of 312 patients (76.9%). Sexual dysfunction was found to be predominant in patients treated with the combination of surgery and chemotherapy.


Abstract Introduction. The amount of myocardial perfusion required for successful defibrillation after prolonged cardiac arrest is not known. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) is a surrogate for myocardial perfusion. One limited clinical study reported that a threshold of 15 mmHg was necessary for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and that CPP was predictive of ROSC. A distinction between threshold and dose of CPP has not been reported. Objective. To test the hypothesis that swine achieving ROSC will have higher preshock mean CPP and higher preshock area under the CPP curve (AUC) than swine not attaining ROSC. Methods. Data from four similar swine cardiac arrest studies were retrospectively pooled. Animals had undergone 8–11 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, 2 minutes of mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), administration of drugs, and 3 more minutes of CPR prior to the first shock. Mean CPP ± standard error of the mean (SEM) was derived from the last 20 compressions of each 30-second epoch of CPR and compared between ROSC/no-ROSC groups by repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). AUC for all compressions delivered over the 5 minutes was calculated by direct summation and compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. Prediction of ROSC was assessed by logistic regression. Results. Throughout the first 5 minutes of CPR (n = 80), mean CPP ± SEM was consistently higher in animals with ROSC (n = 63) (maximum CPP 41.2 ± 0.6 mmHg) than animals with no ROSC (maximum CPP 20.1 ± 0.3 mmHg) (p = 0.0001). Animals with ROSC received more total reperfusion (43.9 ± 17.6 mmHg × 102) than animals without ROSC (21.4 ± 13.7 mmHg × 102) (p < 0.001). Two regression models identified CPP (odds ratio [OR] 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.18) and AUC (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05, 1.16) as predictors of ROSC. Experimental study also predicted ROSC in each model (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.15, 2.50; and OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.12, 2.25, respectively). Conclusion. Higher CPP threshold and dose are associated with and predictive of ROSC.


discovers fat particles and albumen. The mantle, however, does not yield sugar so readily as the liver of the animal; perlhaps because the ferment, through which the change is brought about, is less active. The gasteropods, as the oyster and mussel, afford a very convenient means of observing the condition of the liver during life. Articulated animals, as crabs and crayfish, also yield sugar. In miakiig experiments on the liver of the frog, Bernard noticed that wlhen the body was cold (i. e., at the natural temperature of the animal), the liver was free from sugar; but that if the animal had been exposed to an elevated temperature, sugar was formed. He thought that the formation of sugar was merely increased by an increase of temperature. Dr. Pavy at first thouglht this explanation correct, and that the elevation of temperature would induce a diabetic state in fro,s: but, on allowing some frogs to cool which had been kept in a warm place, he found that their livers yielded no sugar. The explanation was now easy. When the frog is in its natural cold state, the change does not set in early, and it is possible for some time after death to obtain the liver as it existed during life: but when the frog is raised to a temperature of about d5', it is placed in the state of a warm-blooded animal, anid the change occurs rapidly. Bernard divided the spinal cord just below the phrenic nerves, and placed the animal in a cold place. No sugar was formed at first: but in a few hours, it was detected. He explained this by supposing that the division of the cord had deprived the liver of some power, which it only slowly regained. But, if the spinial cord be divided, and the animal be placed in a warm room, and not on the cold floor of the laboratory, sugar will be at once found, as in warm-blooded animals. It is clear, then, that the liver does not during life perform the function of forming sugar, because-1, the blood which passes from the liver to the heart is not saccharine during life; and 2, the tissue of the liver during life does not contain sugar. The amyloid substance appears to be formed from sugar. If an animal be fed on a diet abounding in starch or sugar, the liver increases in weight, and the proportion of the amyloid substance is greatly augmented. The livers of some dogs fed on tripe bore the proportion of half an ounce to each pound in weight of the animal. In other dogs, fed exclusively on bread and barley-meal, the liver was in the proportion of rather more than an ounce to the pound. Other dogs were fed on tripe and cane-sugar; and in these the liver weighed nearly an ounce to eaclh pound of the animal's weight. In both the latter cases, the quantity of amyloid substance was remarkably increased. The results are shown in the following table:-


Automatic shoulder belts combined with manual lap belts satisfy federal requirements for passive vehicle restraint systems. Previous studies show that usage rates of the lap belts in these systems is considerably lower that usage rates for manual three-point belts. Recent years have witnessed a substantial amount of litigation involving the automatic shoulder belt manual lap belt systems. Forty-one legal cases have been reviewed in which an occupant was injured or killed in an accident while wearing the shoulder belt but not the lap belt. Particular attention was given to issues of risk perception and warnings. Analyses of these cases indicate reasons for not wearing the lap belt include: (1) feeling belted or secure when the shoulder belt was in place; (2) forgetting to fasten the belt; and (3) not familiar with the type of seat belt system. The vehicle warning systems designed to encourage lap belt use generally fail to communicate the hazards and consequences of not wearing the lap belt.


A basic difficulty of holographic numerical reconstruction schemes is to extract the real crack size from the reconstructed image; for example, the reconstruction properties of Fresnel t ransforms have been shown under incorrect assumptions. An analytical relationship in terms of a convolution integral is derived for the object geometry a nd its image. The evaluation of synthetic holograms of linear crack models show that the Fresnel approximation is sufficiently valid only for perpendicular incidence on surface parallel cracks,


The 'train-rail' integrated grounding system for high-speed trains plays the critical role in providing the unique path for power feedback, which mainly consists of two parts - the on-board dynamic grounding sub-system and the fixed terrestrial grounding sub-system. The on-board dynamic grounding sub-system can be classified into two types of grounding modes – working grounding provides the discharging path for transferring the traction power; while the protective grounding maintains reference ground potential for the train body – both of which share the rail as the common path for discharging current. Thus, the traction current discharged from the working grounding wheel sets flows through the neighboring protective grounding wheel sets back to the train body, forming as the 'train-rail' current reflux. The 'train-rail' current reflux may result in the appearance of a 'train body' (TB) current, which may rise the potential of the train body. The TB current and voltage may cause electromagnetic interference to the on-board equipment, electrochemical corrosion on grounding wheel bearing or even on-board partial temperature surging. In this paper, a 'train-rail' coupling integrated grounding model is launched to evaluate both the TB current and voltage. Based on this model, different grounding distribution schemes have been tried and compared, considering the impact brought from TB current and voltage. The external grounding resistors are installed in series at the protective grounding wheel sets implemented, with the aim of restricting the TB current and voltage. Ultimately, the best-performed grounding scheme of installing external resistors is found out.


Convertible Enterprise Bonds is a new kind of finance adopted to develop capital market in China. This article analyzes the conflicts between the internal characteristics and requirement of the Bonds and the present relevant laws and regulations, pointing out that existing laws and regulation cannot accommodate the existence and development of the Bonds. On the basis of the analyses, the author proposes her ideas and suggestions on how to set up and perfect the laws and regulations concerned.


Let $G$ be a countable residually finite group (for instance $\mathbb{F}_2$) and let $\overleftarrow{G}$ be a totally disconnected metric compactification of $G$ equipped with the action of $G$ by left multiplication. For every $r\geq 1$ we construct a Toeplitz $G$-subshift $(X,\sigma,G)$, which is an almost one-to-one extension of $\overleftarrow{G}$, having $r$ ergodic measures $\nu_1, \cdots,\nu_r$ such that for every $1\leq i\leq r$ the measure-theoretic dynamical system $(X,\sigma,G,\nu_i)$ is isomorphic to $\overleftarrow{G}$ endowed with the Haar measure. The construction we propose is general (for amenable and non-amenable residually finite groups), however, we point out the differences and obstructions that could appear when the acting group is not amenable.


The prime objective of the present work is evaluating the performance of double Perovskite material with Calcium in the A-site cation and Manganese and Cobalt in the B-site cation. The Ca2MnCoO6 the double Perovskite which is a compound of Calcium, Manganese with cobalt is made in the form of polycrystalline using the attached quartz pipe system. The partial oxygen pressure inside the quartz tube expressed this as an important set parameter for the production of a structural phase model. This parameter was controlled using the ratio between ReO2 and ReO3 content and the filling parameter (ratio between weight and total quartz tab content). Molecular and chemical components were investigated by scanning with electron microscopy and diffraction microscopy. The structural parameters of the crystal were determined by analyzing the X-ray powder distribution pattern with high resolution synchrotron. The analysis indicates that the sample is a single-layer compound compatible with the monolin crystal structure. (Space group P21/n) with a = 5.3649 (2) Å; b = 5.49863 (3) Å; c = 7.77524(3) Å; and β = 90.19(1)o. Computer simulations were performed considering two cation valence settings, that is, (i) MnRe or (ii) MnRe, for the Ca2MnCoO6 compound. XANES analysis measurements indicated +2.4 for the means valence of Mn (a mixture of Mn and Mn) and +5.8 for the effective valence of Re (an intermediate valence between Re (ReO2) and Re (ReO3)). In summary, we concluded that Ca2MnCoO6 Mn and Re have a mixed valence configuration based on oxygen content of 6.0±0.2.


By way of iodinetry and EDTA,the effective chlorine and total calcium in goods bleach is measured respectively.The test results indicate that acid choice is very important in the measurement.The use of HCl or HOAC can get accurate results,but using H_2SO_4 can decrease the result.At the same time drugs adding sequence and dripping speed can influence the measuring results.


Abstract : Terrorist organizations require financial resources to fund their activities. Therefore, the struggle to stem the flow of terrorist financing is one of the most crucial aspects of an effective strategy to combat terrorism. This thesis aims to form an effective strategy to counter terrorist financing. To reach more accurate outcomes, this thesis focuses on a specific terrorist organization, the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), which has been a problem in Turkey for over 30 years. The study investigates the financial activities of the PKK and evaluates Turkey's possible countermeasures against the PKK's financing. Since a theoretical framework is important in creating an effective strategy, this study utilizes Michael Freeman s theory of terrorist financing that examines terrorists interests in their selection of financial resources using six criteria. In accordance with Freeman s theory, this study suggests that Turkey's efforts to concentrate its financial countermeasures on the PKK's most lucrative financial resource, drug trafficking, may bring more effective results. Nevertheless, Turkey should not ignore the PKK's other types of financial resources because they also bring a substantial amount to the terrorist group. Turkey's 30-year struggle against the PKK and experiences of other countries that have achieved success in disrupting terrorist financing would help Turkey counter the PKK's financing.


This article discusses the literary narrative of dystopia in Covid-20 and Other Sorts of Fiction. This study aims to determine the formulation of dystopia and discourse short stories offered in Covid-20 and Other Fiction. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with the postmodernism approach of Jean-Francois Lyotard. For data collection with literature study. To analyze the data using the descriptive analysis method. The research results found that dystopian literature provides formulations in it, namely, the time landscape (the future of the world and the Divine), catastrophic situations (dehumanization, chaos), coveted transformations, in which a new but unpleasant world is created due to social degeneration, an order. destructive social activities, or the consequences of social transformation efforts that lead to disasters.


This paper presents the design and development of humanoid robots based on Android system.Android phone is used as the "brain" of a robot for handling all kinds of information and controlling servos because of the advantages of the hardware,the phone's camera is used as the"eye" of the robot for collecting image data,and a servos control panel is used as the"central nervous system" of the robot for coordinating action.All visual processing and robot control are fully completed by the Android phone,the robot is autonomous and good human-computer interaction with visual interface.Relative to the robots based on microcontroller,the robot has many advantages,such as powerful computation ability,good maintainability,high efficiency in development and so on.


An adaptive differential pulse code modulator (ADPCM) with a finite number of possible step-sizes and a leaky integrator in the feedback loop is considered. A zero-mean unit-ariance first-order Markov sequence is chosen as the input to thc system, and the leak parameter of the ADPCM accumulator is made equal to the intersample correlation of the input sequence. Using this fundamental structure, a method is presented for computing the exact joint probability distribution function of quantization error and step-size in ADPCM. From the joint distribution, marginal quantization error, and step-size distributions are obtained for Gauss-Markov, exponential-Markov, and uniform-Markov input signals. Empirical distributions obtained from simulations agree very well with their theoretical counterparts.


The present paper reports on the morphometric characteristics of two specimens of Plesiobatis daviesi collected during the deep-sea fishery resource survey of FORV Sagar Sampada in the northeastern Andaman Sea off Diglipur (13 0 14' N lat; 93 0 09' E long.) at 320 m depth and off Mayabandar (12 0 48' N lat; 93 0 07' E long.) at 369 m depth.


AIM To use UPLC to simultaneously determine neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and cinnamic acid in Mailuoning Injecton(Achyranthis bidentatae Radix,Scrophulariae Radix,Dendrobii Caulis,Lonicerae japonicae Flos).METHODS The analyses were performed on a Waters AcquityUPLC system equipped with an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18(3.0 mm ×100 mm,2.7 μm) column,and with the mobile phase of methanol-water containing 0.1% acetic acid and eluted in gradient mode.The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min,the column temperature was 25 ℃,and the detection wavelength was 327 nm and 278 nm.RESULTS The investigated organic acids had good linearity over the tested range and the average recovery was 98.2%-101.7%.CONCLUSION This method is simple,rapid,accurate and reproducible,and can be applied to the quality control of Mailuoning Injecton.


At present,independent colleges are faced with many serious problems in ideological and political education environment.It is necessary to reform and introspect.For this reason,the questionnaire survey was conducted including six aspects and forty-five questions which could reflect the students' idealistic condition.The subjects were the students from different grades and majors of the Business College of Shanxi University.Through the arrangement and analysis,the article is mainly based on the results of the survey:analyzing the present situation of the ideological and political education environment from students' study,life,and moral,the influential and restrictive factors of developing ideological and political education and then putting forward some constructive solution to this crisis.


This paper presents a systematic approach to designing
negative-resistance and Colpitts oscillators using p-HEMT
transistor. Various models such as, common source and common
gate configuration in negative-resistance oscillators, common
source series feedback in Colpitts oscillator is selected to analyze
the output power and stability presented by the p-HEMT
transistor. These oscillators are designed at 2.45 GHz frequency
for which we find application in Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. In this
paper, these designs are studied and tested, with their results
analyzed below. Further, study proved that the Colpitts oscillator
designed gave more output power and stability than the negativeresistance
oscillators.


A mass screening programme of more than 10 million residents of Wuhan, China, performed after SARS-CoV-2 was brought under control, has identified 300 asymptomatic cases of covid-19, none of which was infectious.

The findings cannot be extrapolated to countries where outbreaks have not been brought under control successfully, said the authors of the report, which was published in Nature Communications .1

The researchers conducted a screening programme using PCR testing for viral RNA among the 10 million participants who were aged between 10 and 89. Trained staff interviewed participants on their history of covid-19. Asymptomatic positive cases were those who had a positive result on screening with neither a history of covid-19 diagnosis nor any clinical …


Plants are all around us in our homes, gardens, parks and waste ground. Although many are generally of low risk, some are particularly hazardous. Plant poisoning can be seasonal, with exposures to some flowers occurring in the spring, fruits and berries in the autumn and certain plants only around Christmas. It is important not to rely on common names as these can be misleading; a single common name may refer to one or more plant species. In the first of two articles the mechanism of toxicity, clinical effects and treatment of poisonings involving cycads, Dracaena spp., and plants containing cardiac glycosides, insoluble oxalates, Amaryllicaceae alkaloids and grayanotoxins are discussed. A list of plants of low toxicity is also provided, although ingestion of any plant material can cause gastrointestinal signs in cats and dogs.


In the framework of the CLIC studies, we report on the rst commissioning period of the CTF3 Preliminary Phase. Extensive tests were carried out on the front-end and the linac in order to measure the beam properties (energy, emittance, Twiss parameters and bunch length). In the injection line, dispersion measurements were performed and showed a good agreement with the simulations. The beam was also successfully injected and accumulated in the ring, allowing preliminary measurements of the optics in two dierent operation modes. In this paper, we give a summary of the results which were obtained in 2001.


interests as a group: an approach of considerable utility in situations where lobbying by formal, structured groups is illegitimate. Unfortunately none of the case studies heeds the advice. This said, it bears reiterating that Chinese politics do not succumb easily to the tools of Western political science. Beyond the perennial difficulties of applying a group approach to any communist system—I am thinking here of the obstacles posed by party dominance, the absence of legitimate pluralist values and independent lobby groups, and the normal problems of defining interests, groups, and their influence—there is in the Chinese case the further problem of factionalism, the network of personal connections which cut across institutional, functional, and social categories. As the unwelcome but ubiquitous ghost haunting the body politic, factions constitute a perplexing kind of group in that they do not formally exist, are hard to identify and study, and defy our customary definition of salient groupings based on role, institutional affiliation, age, ideology, or region. Whether factionalism is based in the peculiarities of Chinese political culture as Lucian Pye argues in his provocative The Dynamics of Chinese Politics (Cambridge, Mass.: Oelgeschlager, Gunn and Hain, 1981) or, as indicated in Waller's essay, in the rudimentary institutionalization of the Chinese economy and political process which will disappear Soviet-style as functional-specialization becomes more entrenched, it appears that for the moment it is the most important aspect of political behaviour at the intermediate and top levels of the elite.


Here a control algorithm for a series active power filter is proposed. It is constituted by series active filter and shunt passive filter. The control strategy is based on instantaneous reactive power theory. So that the voltage wave form injected by active power filter is able to compensate the reactive power and the load current harmonics. The control algorithm was designed by using fuzzy logic controller for a better performance. Simulations have been carried out on the MATLABSimulink platform with different loads and variations in source impedance.


This work is a continuation of previous studies on the effects of fungicides on the uptake of trace elements by herbs [1, 2]. Copper, zinc and manganese content was determined in Valeriana officinalis grown in the soil free from additives and in the soil sprayed with thiuram. The content of bioavailable forms of these elements was established in pure soil and in the soil with fungicide addition. The introductory part of the work involves the analysis of the soil used for study (determination of organic matter content, pH, mechanical analysis, total content of Cu, Zn and Mn). The analysis showed that the soil used for the study was not contaminated with any of the examined elements.


This research is intended for several things in Class 3 SDN Cangkol 3, among others: 1) Characteristics of students who have difficulty reading, 2) The role of teachers to overcome reading difficulties, 3) Form of Tutoring provided by teachers to overcome reading difficulties, 4) Barriers Experienced by teachers to overcome reading difficulties, 5) Solutions given by teachers to overcome reading difficulties. This type of research is qualitative and the research design is descriptive research. Informants in this research are 3rd graders and four students who have difficulty reading. Technical data using observation, interview and documentation. The validity of the data using tri sources and methods. The results showed: 1) Characteristics of students who have difficulty reading one with the others vary so that teachers should help each other in accordance with their respective needs, 2) The role of teachers in overcoming students who have difficulty reading, that is giving advice, motivation And accompany Students who have difficulty reading by giving special attention, 3) the form of learning guidance done in overcoming students who have difficulty reading teaching method, early reading method, the use of book fairy tale or story and strategy of language experience, 4) The deep barriers Provide tutoring , There is no awareness from within the students themselves to practice reading, the students themselves do not pay attention to teacher explanations, and the attention of parents, 5) solution in overcoming barriers to reading, so hostility Class Agar conducive and participate to accompany children while studying at home.

Keywords: Teacher Role, Tutoring, Reading Difficulty


N. depressor cordis morphologic variations of rabbits were discriminated by the integration of anatomical and electrophysiological technique. Among the 35 pure species of QING ZI LAN RABBITS, 23 were found depressor morphological variation in the segment of cervical (accounting for 65.7%), and 20 kinds of novel variation including non-depressor type, depressor-vagus sympathetic trunk type and three-branch type were observed. The origin of n. depressor cordis were usually considered from superior laryngeal nerve of the rabbits.


In this paper, quadrature VCO adopts back-gate coupling instead of coupling transistor topology to get low phase noise and low power consumption. The 2-bit switch capacitor arrays and two MOS varactors are used to widen the frequency range in the band tuning circuit. As a result, the proposed LC quadrature VCO shows excellent performances of power consumption and phase noise for the frequency band of three standards: CDMA2000 lx, WCDMA, and WiBro.


Traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) has good global search ability, but it easily loses its diversity and thus leads to premature convergence. Gradient descent methods such as backpropagation (BP) algorithm have good performance in searching local minima, whereas they are apt to converge to local minima. To improve search ability, two hybrid algorithms combining two improved PSOs individually with BP are proposed to train single‐hidden‐layer feedforward neural networks in this paper. In the two improved PSOs, other than the phases of repulsion and attraction, a new phase named as a mixed phase is introduced, in which the particles are attracting and repelling simultaneously to prevent premature convergence. Moreover, a modified mutation operation is performed to help particles jump out of local minima in the improved PSOs. The proposed hybrid methods achieve better convergence performance with faster convergence rate than some commonly used PSO–BP approaches and purely global or local search methods. The experiments results on function approximation and benchmark classification problems are given to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithms.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the cognitive performance in a patient sample fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for idiopathic Parkinson9s disease (PD) and an elderly control group without cognitive impairment (CG).
 BACKGROUND: Two groups of signs of cognitive performance are currently described in PD: 1) fronto-subcortical profile (FS-P) (characterized by impaired executive functions), 2) posterior-temporal profile (PT-P) (as an expression of temporal lobe pathology). The presence of cognitive impairment associated with PT-P may be a marker of dementia in PD.
 DESIGN/METHODS: We studied 18 PD patients and 28 CG patients by representative randomized selection. An experienced neurologist conducted the neurological examination of all participants and established UPDRS-S and Hoehn & Yahr scale scores of PD patients. A neuropsychologist assessed cognitive performance of PD and CG participants. Both investigators were blind for this process. Cognitive assessment items were divided as either 1) FS-P: working memory (WM), phonemic (PF), alternating (AF) and action fluencies or 2) PT-P: picture naming (PN), semantic fluency (SF). Statistics analyses were based on ANOVA and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS).
 RESULTS: PD showed general decreased performance in all tasks compared to CG. The MDS in PD group indicates two dimensions (Stress 0.005). In Dimension 1 the proximity between PF, AF, and WM tasks would suggest a profile. Naming and SF tasks show proximity by Dimension 2 MDS. We propose Dimension 1 tasks would suggest the FS-P and the tasks belonging to Dimension 2 the PT-P. Decreased performance of both profiles correlated with time of evolution and severity of Parkinson´s disease by Hoehn & Yahr and UPDR-S score scales in PD (p=0.03).
 CONCLUSIONS: Performance on FS-P and PT-P cognitive tasks appeared to be differentiated in PD patients. Further analysis in a cohort study may allow us to know whether lower scores in tasks of PT-P might eventually progress to dementia.
 Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Giannaula has received personal compensation for activities with Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr. Sanz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rodriguez Cerasuolo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alfonso has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pagano Ajolfi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maiques has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grasso has nothing to disclose.


Obesity and leanness are the medical conditions in which excess and deficient body fat present respectively. It may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and increased health problems. Environmental factors, especially increased consumption of high caloric diet, are considered responsible for the obesity epidemic, although genetic factors also contribute dysregulation of food consumption. Leptin gene may have an effect on the obesity and leanness because six pathogenic mutations already reported in leptin gene. Leptin gene mutations have a vital role to cause different types of cancers.


The structure and function of human body is so marvelous after thousands of year evolution,meanwhile,human may be damaged by disease and wound physically or mentally.Biomedical Engineering plays an important role in disease and wound prevention and treatment.Also,some problems should be considered.A novel bionic management theory is created by studying human individual control using bionics methods.Biomedical Engineering,as one part of Bionics,has to make its products consistent with human integrity,nature-system coordination,self adaptability and renewed vitality by metabolism.


In 2001 the ADBS published a volume to celebrate the 80th birthday of Jean Meyriat. AIDA also wants to celebrate Meyriat with this article in which notes on his professional biography, comments on his initiatives and personal memories can be found.


The article analyses the recent ECJ Schrems decision linking it to the 2014 Google Spain decision as an expression of EU sovereign powers on telecommunication networks. The article takes into account the various, competing, theories on "sovereignty in cyber-space" pointing out ambiguities and misunderstandings (typically confusing the Internet protocol with an object of sovereign powers) and indicating the need for international cooperation in the appropriate fora (the ITU, the T-TIP negotiations) to set common rules which can enable free flow of communication and free provision of electronic services on transnational telecommunication networks.


DNSSEC is designed to prevent network attackers from tampering with domain name system (DNS) messages. The cryptographic machinery used in DNSSEC, however, also creates a new vulnerability|zone enumeration, where an adversary launches a small number of online DNSSEC queries and then uses oine dictionary attacks to learn which domain names are present or absent in a DNS zone. We propose a new cryptographic construction that solves the problem of DNSSEC zone enumeration while remaining faithful to the operational realities of DNSSEC. NSEC5 can be thought of as a variant of NSEC3, where deterministic RSA-based keyed hashing scheme is used instead of an unkeyed hash function. With NSEC5, nameservers hold an RSA hashing key and perform an online public-key signature for each query. However, unlike existing DNSSEC online signing solutions (RFC 4470), leaking this RSA hashing key can only compromise protection against zone enumeration, but does not harm the integrity of the zone in any way. Put another way, leaking the RSA hashing key only downgrades the security of NSEC5 back to that of NSEC3. Moreover, we prove that online public-key operations are necessary to prevent zone enumeration. Specically, we prove that security against network attackers and privacy against zone enumeration cannot be satised simultaneously unless the DNSSEC server performs online public-key cryptographic operations.


Desferrioxamine inhibits cortical necrosis in neonatal rats with experimental pneumococcal meningitis, suggesting that iron‐induced oxidative damage might be responsible for neuronal damage. We therefore examined the spatial and temporal profile of changes in cortical iron and iron homeostatic proteins during pneumococcal meningitis. Infection was associated with a steady and global increase of non‐haem iron in the cortex, particularly in neuronal cell bodies of layer II and V, and in capillary endothelial cells. The non‐haem iron increase was associated with induction of haem oxygenase (HO)‐1 in neurones, microglia and capillary endothelial cells, whereas HO‐2 levels remained unchanged, suggesting that the non‐haem iron increase might be the result of HO‐1‐mediated haem degradation. Indeed, treatment with the haem oxygenase inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (which completely blocked the accumulation of bilirubin detected in HO‐1‐positive cells) completely prevented the infection‐associated non‐haem iron increase. The same cells also displayed markedly increased ferritin staining, the increase of which occurred independently of HO activity. At the same time, no increase in DNA/RNA oxidation was observed in infected animals (as assessed by in situ detection of 8‐hydroxy[deoxy]guanosine), strongly suggesting that ferritin up‐regulation protected the brain from iron‐induced oxidative damage. Thus, although pneumococcal meningitis leads to an increase of cortical non‐haem iron, protective mechanisms up‐regulated in parallel prevent iron‐induced oxidative damage. Cortical damage does not appear to be a direct consequence of increased iron, therefore.


When discussing the relationship between the individual and the public,Lu Xun considers himself to be a member of the public.He never considers himself superior to anyone.In Lu Xun's viewpoint,the compliment of an individual should never be hierarchical.Instead,such a compliment should be the approval of one's individual spirit and personality.The criticism on the "majority",also,should not be the disapproval in terms of politics and hierarchy.The criticism should focus on conformable psychology,lack of independent thinking and cowardliness.Lu Xun never claims to be important as an individual.He doesn't think much of fame and social status and is always ready to give up his life when necessary.When we entitle Lu Xu to"the soul of our nation,the conscience of Chinese intellectuals",we are not over-eulogizing.


Let n be a positive integer and denote the upper half-space Rn )< (0, o) in R by R_+ 1. The boundary 0R_ of R% will be identified, in the usual way, with Rn. In the discussion below, we shall transpose (without explicit mention) results originally stated relative to the unit disk and its circumference in the complex plane, to the upper half-space R / and its boundary R + in Rn+l. In 1968, . Samuelsson [Sa] studied, for n 1, the generalized derivatives of positive, Borel measures defined on R in relation to growth along the normal Nx {(x,,t): 0 < < } of the positive harmonic functions Jg//x associated by means of the Poisson integral formula,


People and places are mutually constitutive, and so the particular ways in which people attach and are attached to place have implications for both. A significant aspect of attachment is mode of tenure, with different forms of land tenure allowing for very different imaginaries and practices of self and land. As such, transformations in tenure will have significant implications for land use and subjectivity. Until recently, farmers leased 2.37 million hectares of pastoral land in the South Island from the Crown and, since 1948, leaseholders have had the right of perpetual renewal. In the mid 1990s, the Crown (with the broad support of farmers, environmental and recreation interests) moved to reorder its relationship with farmers and a process of tenure review was initiated. As a result of tenure review, land with significant conservation and landscape values is being transferred to the Department of Conservation, in return for which farmers are gaining freehold title of lower land, land with production potential. For the people of the high country, relationships to the land are central to the formation of subjectivity, and it is the highest and most remote land, the very land that farmers stand to lose under tenure review, that has the greatest significance for identity. As one informant said, 'Tenure review means that we would become valley farmers', no longer high country farmers. With tenure review in process, the matrix that produces high country farmer identity has been disrupted. As such, it provides a moment in which the simultaneous processes of production of person and place are revealed as differently positioned actors struggle to control the future of the high country.


W hat really happens when trying to phase? This is something that Russell Hartenberger often wondered when playing Steve Reich's "Drumming." This landmark composition asks percussionists standing across from one another to drift in and out of synchrony—a request very much at odds with a lifetime of training to play together in synchrony. Specifically, some passages call for one player to gradually pull ahead while the other stays at the original tempo. The quality of the sound is somewhat akin to the sight of two cars racing neck and neck on a track, with one slowly pulling ahead of the other. Given enough time and a consistently higher speed, the faster car will eventually pull a full lap ahead. After enough time the cars would once again be neck-and-neck, with the faster driver one lap ahead. Essentially, this is what happens musically in "Drumming," with one performer gradually pushing ahead to the point where the two drummers re-align simply displaced by a full beat. This continuous approach to gradual desynchronization is a cousin of the discrete approach to phasing used in Reich's well-known "Clapping Music," which similarly explores the complex composite rhythms emerging when performers align their parts in different ways. The difficulty of executing discrete "jumps" between sections in "Clapping Music" pales in comparison to that of "Drumming," which challenges performers to gradually drift in and out of phase. Consequently, Hartenberger's question is an important one—no doubt pondered by many who have played this landmark composition. However, the fact that even he remains unsure of what really happens when attempting to execute Reich's instructions is particularly interesting, given his deep connection with the piece and having recorded it hundreds of times around the world—including its premiere under the composer's direction in 1971. Michael Schutz Friday, Nov. 15, 3:00 P.M. Electronic/Technology Clinic/Performance PHASING ON THE BONGOS Although the concept behind phasing is simple, its execution is notoriously difficult. By challenging us to think about performance through this perspective, it asks us to think about music in fundamentally different ways. Although exhilarating, it can also be disconcerting for the uninitiated. In a chapter discussing his thoughts on performing this piece in his book Performance Practice in the Music of Steve Reich (2016), Hartenberger wrote:


In this study five selected Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties (Kaluheenati, Sulaai, Suwadhal, Dostara Heenati) (Oryza sativa L.) and five improved rice varieties (At362, Bg94/1, Bg358, Bg357, Bg379) were examined for callus induction, plant regeneration and rooting using in vitro techniques. Seeds were cultured in five different hormone concentrations; 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/l 2, 4- Dichlorophenoxy acitic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.1 mg/l 6 – Benzyl adenine purine (BAP) on Murashige and Skoogs (MS) basal medium for callus induction. Proliferated calli were transferred to five different hormone concentrations; 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/l BAP with 0.1 mg/l Indole acetic acid (IAA) to regenerate shoots. Regenerated shoots were transferred to three different hormone concentrations; 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mg/l Indole butric acid (IBA) for rooting. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used with ten replicates and data was analyzed by SAS 9.1.3 version. The interaction between plant varieties and different hormone concentrations are highly significant for callus diameter, number of shoots per explants and root length. All tested rice cultivars (100%) were able to produce callus however only 40% of rice varieties were regenerate shoots. The regeneration ability of rice varieties varied from 0% to 100%. All shoots were able to produce 100% roots in tested IBA concentrations. Among all selected rice varieties 2.0 mg/l 2, 4-D+0.1 mg/l BAP is most successful for callus induction while 2.0 mg/l BAP+0.1 mg/l IAA and 2.0 mg/l IBA most effective for shoot regeneration and root induction respectively. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v13i1.7671 Sabaragamuwa University Journal 2014; V. 13 No. 1 pp 33-41


Resin dimensional changes, including cure shrinkage and thermal expansion, highly influence the surface finish quality of composite parts. Low profile additives (LPA) are commonly incorporated in unsaturated polyester (UP) resins to compensate for resin shrinkage and obtain a high quality surface finish. In this study, the dimensional change of an UP resin with different LPA contents was characterized. Both resin cure shrinkage and resin thermal expansion were measured. A simple methodology was then developed to estimate the surface finish quality of panels, manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM), based on the prediction of part thickness variation during the process. Results show good agreement with the experimental investigations. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers


1. Metallurgy and Mining Department, Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies, Cairo, Egypt. 2. Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 3. National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA. 4. Bruker, Inc., Minneapolis, USA. 5. Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA.


Since the beginning of summer 2008, the subprime mortgage market has become a contributing drag on the financial sector, with the S&P index dropping to its lowest level in more than a decade, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average falling below 10,000 for the first time since October 2004. The financial sector turmoil, in turn, worsened the already dreadful situation in mortgage and credit markets. Losses on the subprime mortgage market arose from a two stage process. First, financial intermediaries drove the expansion of the subprime mortgage market. Second, borrowers stopped making payments when default was optimal for their situation. We often see and hear new stories where the repetition of the terminology convinces us of the importance of the issues. Many do not have the background or knowledge of the evolution of the issues, or lack the framework with which to develop a meaningful understanding. Subprime lending and its significance to current events is one such issue. A primer on subprime lending and its relationship to current events in 2008-2009, it seems, would appear to be a timely exposition.This paper explores origins of the subprime mortgage lending crisis and gives insights of the impacts subprime mortgages have on the recent financial issues. Finally, some policy options aimed at preventing the crisis from worsening in the future are offered.


n recent years the lay press has given increasing publicity to the concepts and treatments promoted by practitioners of "ecologic" medicine for a disorder known as "total allergy syndrome" or "20th-century disease". This condition is said to be characterized by a wide variety of ill defined symptoms that are attributed to ecologic causes such as man-made toxic substances recently introduced into the environment. The clinical evidence consists only of a collection of anecdotes and personal experience, but one hypothesis, concerning chronic Candida infection of the bowel,' 3 has been developed: Candida is a ubiquitous commensal organism that, because of improper diet and the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and oral contraceptives, changes from the yeast to the mycelial form and overgrows in the bowel. The organism then releases various toxins4,5 that depress the immune system, leading to total allergy syndrome. IgE-mediated allergy is said to be a prominent feature of this broad syndrome. Certainly Candida will overgrow normal flora


A clear understanding of landslide mechanisms and stability analyses is of great significance for landslide monitoring, prediction, and control. A large-scale end wall landslide occurred and its area reached 47,752 m2 on August 7–20, 2020, in the Manglai open-pit coal mine, China. In this paper, the engineering geological survey, mechanical test, large-deformation finite element numerical method, limit equilibrium method and analytical formula are used to analyze how the groundwater level rise caused this end wall failure and landslide. The engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, landslide activity signs and physical and mechanical parameter calibration of the sliding mass are investigated in detail and tested. Three-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical models of slopes are established, and an analytical formula calculation method to calculate the factor of safety (FoS) is proposed when sliding cracks are located on the top and toe of a slope. The results indicate that the fault fracture zone, soft strata, continuous heavy rainfall, and groundwater were the main contributors to this landslide. The three-dimensional numerical calculation results are consistent with the deformation and failure process of the slope observed in the field, which shows a retrogressive progressive failure mode. The calculation results of SLOPE/W and the analytical formula are consistent; i.e., when the groundwater level rises to +950, the stability of the end wall reaches the critical stability state. With the passage of time, the creep of the sliding surface accelerates until the entire end wall landslide.


K. Schuyt, E. Taverne, S. van Voorst, 1950. Welvaart in zwart-wit 1950 James Kennedy 1950: Welvaart in zwart-wit deserves praise for putting the economic and social history of the postwar period of the Netherlands (1948-1973) into wider international frameworks, such as 'Americanization'. The book also offers analysis of fields seldom explored in the traditional historiography, including the postwar planning of town and country, and the role of the arts and sciences in Dutch society. At the same time, the book suffers from a lack of focus that might have given this 600-page book more energy and direction. And although it addresses some of the factors that set postwar Netherlands off from its neighbors, Welvaart fails to explore systematically the particular contours of Dutch culture, as one of its original research mandates dictated. Though the book suffers from these and other weaknesses, Welvaart is a book of real achievement, wide in scope, well-informed and stylishly presented.


We investigate the parameterized complexity of Vertex Cover parameterized above the optimum value of the linear programming (LP) relaxation of the integer linear programming formulation of the problem. By carefully analyzing the change in the LP value in the branching steps, we argue that even the most straightforward branching algorithm (after some preprocessing) results in an O (2.6181 r ) algorithm for the problem where r is the excess of the vertex cover size over the LP optimum. We write O (f(k)) for a time complexity of the form O(f(k)n O(1) ), where f(k) grows exponentially with k.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of many small compact devices equipped with sensors. It is a very popular area for exploration. The nodes are movable and set themselves into a network. However in larger networks, geographical routing protocol is required. Geographical routing uses location information to send the packets to the target region. In this paper, some of major geographic routing protocols for WSNs are presented.


In order to solve the problem of the motion estimation complexity and the practical application of H.264, diamond search algorithm, hexagon-based search algorithm, unsymmetrical-cross multi-hexagon search algorithm and full search algorithm were analyzed base on X264 of the pure C language. The differences on encoding quality and encoding speed were compared between three fast algorithms and full search. The experimental results show that the encoding speed of diamond search algorithm and hexagon-based search algorithm were 17 times faster than full search algorithm, and the encoding unsymmetrical-cross multi-hexagon search algorithm was 10 times faster than full search algorithm, while, peak signal noise rate (PSNR) was slightly decreased.


Graduation thesis deals with a theoretical and practical example of the registration of the building in to the building cadastre. Registration of building and part of buildings in to the building cadastre together with the administrative procedure is described. Technical part with preparation of the surveyor's detailed report, which includes the collection of data, is presented. The final part of the thesis shows a practical example of the inscription of the building and parts of building when the building was first recorded in non-litigious procedure according by Act on the Acquisition of the Strata Title of a Part of a Building on the Proposal of the Owner and on Determining the Land Belonging Thereto (ZVEtL).


•  Introduction •  Mechanisms of miRNA‐mediated repression •  miRNA regulatory network in muscle ‐  Muscle‐specific miRNAs ‐  Non‐muscle‐specific miRNAs •  miRNA signatures as biomarkers of myopathies •  miRNA therapeutic promise ‐  Locked nucleic acids (LNAs) and antagomiRs ‐  Overexpression of miRNAs in myopathies ‐  Specificity of miRNA treatment ‐  miRNAs as regulators of myogenic stem cells •  Perspective


Boronizing is one of the chemical methods for case hardening of steels. The hardness of the boronized layer is above 1400 Vickers hardness and it has a high resistance, especially against wear. In the present study, plane and rotating bending fatigue tests of boronized steels with various thickness of boronized layers were conducted. The effects of thickness and compressive residual stress of boronized layer on fatigue strength were investigated. Furthermore, the X-ray method was successfully applied to measure the changes in residual stress and half-value breadth during plane bending fatigue. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) Fatigue crack initiation occured both in the boronized surface layer and at the boundary between the boronized layer and the matrix. (2) The surface compressive residual stress hardly changed during fatigue, but half-value breadth increased. (3) The compressive residual stress is effective to increase fatigue strength when crack initiation occured at the surface. The maximum fatigue strength was obtained when the boronized area was controlled to be about 1.5% of the total area. (Received Aug. 20, 1982) キー ・ワー ド: 表面硬化, ホ ウ化処理, 疲労強度, X線 応力測定, 圧縮残留応力


The invention relates to a process for the injector-diagnosis of a fuel injection device (3) of an internal combustion engine (1), comprising the steps of: time-resolved detection of a pressure profile (D) in a single memory (7) of an injector (5); Evaluating the detected pressure curve (D); Determining whether an error condition of the injector (3) in the region of the injector (5) is present on the basis of the detected and evaluated pressure curve (D), and identifying the fault condition based on the detected and evaluated pressure process (D).


There is no ethnography without a corresponding ethnographic sensibility. That is, the understanding and practice of ethnography as method, theory, and writing practice rests on the cultivation of a sense of the ethnographic as the lived expectations, complexities, contradictions, possibilities, and grounds of any given cultural group. Within anthropology, the articulation of an ethnographic sensibility has long been at the heart of our disciplinary project of documenting
how people collectively organize, understand, and live in the world. As such, we consider ethnography both something to know and a unique way of knowing.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of non profit sharing and FDR to profitability in PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia. The approach used is a quantitative using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that partially non-profit sharing is not significant to ROA, partially FDR has a significant negative effect to ROA, non profit sharing and FDR simultaneously significant effect to ROA at PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia.


Complex workkow activities are typically of hierarchically nested structure and sophisticated interaction dependencies, and often are vulnerable to uncertain duration and unpredictable development. Methods and techniques that can avoid or reduce any signiicant performance loss due to such uncertainty and unpredictabil-ity are proved to be desirable and rewarding. In this paper we describe a reeective framework for declarative spec-iication and dynamic restructuring of complex workkow activities, including the transactional activity composition model (TAM) and a family of activity-split and activity-join meta operations. By using the TAM activity speciica-tion facility, both the hierarchical organization of complex activities and the wide spectrum of interaction dependencies among concurrent activities can be captured declaratively and incrementally, allowing reasoning about correct-ness of complex activities independently from their transaction implementation mechanisms. By using the set of activity-split and activity-join meta operations introduced, users may restructure ongoing activities, in anticipation of uncertain duration or unpredictable development, to allow performance improvement through release of early committed resources or transferring ownership of uncommitted resources .


The Precambrian Lorrain Quartzite is exposed on Manitoulin, Great Cloche, and Birch islands in Lake Huron off the mainland of Ontario. Metamorphism created a massive unit, which later formed a resistant angular unconformity overlain by a succession of strata deposited from Middle to Late Ordovician times. At the start of Ordovician sedimentation, topographic relief was at least 125 m when the quartzite hills formed an archipelago of small, rocky islands. The Ordovician–Precambrian unconformity provides insight on a changing series of depositional environments over rocky bottoms and rocky shores. Four Ordovician units are well represented. The Swift Current Formation includes some red beds, while the younger Cloche Island and Cobourg formations are carbonates. The Collingwood Formation is a black shale. The first three include eroded quartzite clasts typical of a rocky-shore setting. The unconformity marked by the Collingwood Formation indicates a rapid transgression with little time for the accumulation o...


Parentese is the typical register for talking to children. Its segment-marking prosody can disambiguate messages. This study documents acoustic-phonetic features of parentese in English and Dutch and compares male and female speakers. Speech rate was significantly lower; pitch and pitch modulation were significantly higher. Male and female 'parentese substyles' emerged.


Study Design: A prospective study was performed in which patients were initially evaluated in an academic otolaryngology office by fiberoptic laryngoscopic examination. Digital images and video were captured at the time of evaluation. Video images were then reviewed at least two hours later. Comparisons were made across anatomical subsites and measured for erythema, edema, secretions, and presence of mass. Either a two or three point grading scale was used for all data points.


Abstract Background Timely administration of antibiotics in patients presenting with sepsis decreases mortality, however evidence evaluating empiric antifungal coverage has been inconclusive. Recent data have shown no mortality benefit of empiric antifungal therapy in patients with ICU-acquired sepsis. Despite the lack of data, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends empiric coverage for all suspected pathogens, including fungi. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of concomitant septic shock and fungemia at UMass Memorial Medical Center, a large tertiary care center. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study that included adult patients with a discharge diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock and/or fungemia admitted to UMMMC between October 2017 and October 2019. Patients with positive fungal blood cultures were further reviewed to identify if septic shock was present within 24 hours of blood culture collection. Additionally, risk factors for fungemia and 30-day mortality were assessed. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, cultures from outside hospitals, incarceration, and hospice care. Results In the analysis period, 4,253 patients had a discharge diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock. There were 68 cases of fungemia. In total, 54 patients with fungemia were included after applying exclusion criteria. Of the 54 patients with fungemia, 8 patients (15.1%) met criteria for septic shock at the time of positive blood culture, while 81% met SIRS criteria. Of the 4,253 total patients, 0.19% had coexisting fungemia and septic shock. At 30 days, four patients (7.4%) with both septic shock and fungemia had expired out of 12 total deaths. Three of the four deaths had multiple risk factors for fungemia including central line in place for greater than 48 hours, parenteral nutrition, and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Conclusion Septic shock is a rare presentation of fungemia. Most patients with septic shock and fungemia have known risk factors. Despite recommendations by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign to initiate therapy for all likely pathogens, including fungal species, the incidence of fungemia presenting as septic shock at our academic medical center was very low and does not appear to warrant empiric coverage. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


Abstract
This chapter describes how conversational computer agents have been used in collaborative problem-solving environments. These agent-based systems are designed to (a) assess the students' knowledge, skills, actions, and various other psychological states on the basis of the students' actions and the conversational interactions, (b) generate discourse moves that are sensitive to the psychological states and the problem states, and (c) advance a solution to the problem. We describe how this was accomplished in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) for Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) in 2015. In the PISA CPS 2015 assessment, a single human test taker (15-year-old student) interacts with one, two, or three agents that stage a series of assessment episodes. This chapter proposes that this PISA framework could be extended to accommodate more open-ended natural language interaction for those languages that have developed technologies for automated computational linguistics and discourse. Two examples support this suggestion, with associated relevant empirical support. First, there is AutoTutor, an agent that collaboratively helps the student answer difficult questions and solve problems. Second, there is CPS in the context of a multi-party simulation called Land Science in which the system tracks progress and knowledge states of small groups of 3–4 students. Human mentors or computer agents prompt them to perform actions and exchange open-ended chat in a collaborative learning and problem-solving environment.


To study the role of the focal adhesion tyrosine kinase (FAK) in receptor-mediated secretion, we transfected FAK cDNA into a variant (3B6) of the RBL-2H3 mast cell line. This 3B6 cell line expressed low levels of FAK and was defective in high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) but not Ca2+ionophore-mediated secretion. FcεRI-mediated secretion was reconstituted after transfection of wild-type FAK. Histamine release was also enhanced by the stable expression of two mutants of FAK: a kinase-inactive form in which the ATP binding site Lys-454 was replaced by Arg or a mutant in which the autophosphorylation site Tyr-397 was replaced by Phe. Therefore, the catalytic activity and the autophosphorylation site of FAK are not essential for secretion. FcεRI aggregation increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of both mutants of FAK to the same extent as wild-type FAK. Therefore, tyrosine kinases activated by FcεRI aggregation are phosphorylating FAK and some of these phosphorylation sites are other than Tyr-397. These results strongly suggest that FAK plays a role in FcεRI-induced secretion by functioning as an adapter or linker molecule.


The present invention provides a system (1) for removing contaminants from a contaminated gas stream (10) using a liquid absorbent, the system (1) at least comprising a first and a second separation unit (2A, 2B), wherein the first separation unit (2A) comprises: a first separator (21A) having an inlet (22A) for a contaminated gas stream to be separated, a first outlet (23A) for separated gas and a second outlet (24A) for separated liquid absorbent; a rising conduit (20A) for transporting the contaminated gas stream to the inlet (22A) of the first separator (21A); a conduit (30A) for removing the separated gas at the first outlet (23A) of the first separator (21A); and a conduit (40A) for removing separated liquid absorbent at the second outlet (23A) of the first separator (21A). The second separation unit (2B) comprises features corresponding to those of the first separation unit (2A).