The superconvergence properties of R-T elements solution of parabolic equation were proved by integral identical equation.Through interpolation post processing for R-T elements,the bulk superconvergence was obtained,and the posterior error estimates were derived.


It was discovered that the dielectric constant of the electrodes substantially determines the photovoltaic output in (Pb0.97La0.03)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ferroelectric thin films. With the screening charges distributed extensively away from the electrode interfaces, the use of the electrodes with a high dielectric constant gives rise to dramatically enhanced magnitude of photocurrent in photovoltaic thin films, and extremely high photovoltaic efficiency is theoretically predicted to be possible in ferroelectric ultrathin films or nanostructures.


We derive an effective d-dimensional Hamiltonian for a system of hard-core-bosons coupled to optical phonons in a lattice. Away from half-filling, we show that the presence of next-nearest-neighbor hopping in the effective Hamiltonian leads to a superfluid-to-supersolid transition at intermediate boson-phonon (b-p) couplings, while at strong-couplings the system phase separates. However, at half-filling and at a critical b-p coupling (as in the xxz-model), the system undergoes a superfluid-to-charge-density-wave transition without any signature of supersolidity. Our analyses is based on extensive calculations of the structure factor, the superfluid fraction, the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction, and the system energy at various fillings. We present a phase diagram for this system and compare it to that of the xxz-model. We also demonstrate explicitly that the next-nearest-neighbor hopping (in the absence of nearest-neighbor hopping) in the effective Hamiltonian leads only to a single transition, i.e., a first-order superfluid-to-supersolid transition.


Spies i s a mass ive and heav i ly documented account of Sovie t espionage in the United States from 1933 to c irca 1950. I t i s based largely, though not exclusively, on information from the horse's mouth, as it were, in the form of notes transcr ibed from off ic ia l KGB r e c o r d s . 1 T h e b o o k i s t h e culmination of John Earl Haynes's and Harvey Klehr's prodigious effort i n t h r e e p r e v i ou s vo l ume s t o document not only the scope and magnitude of KGB operations but also the spy agency's substantial dependence on the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) for agents and assistance. In their first collaborative effort, in 1995, Haynes and Klehr concluded that few American Communists had spied for the USSR. But reading Spies , in conjunction with their subsequent publications, shows how far they have come, and how far the new evidence has taken them in their reassessment.


Competitive interactions between individuals from a single or different species can regulate population densities and individual growth. Two mussel species, Brachidontes rodriguezii and Perumytilus purpuratus , coexist in the rocky intertidal zone of La Loberia, Rio Negro Province, Argentina. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of intra- and interspecific competition in the growth and mortality of both bivalve species. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the intra- and interspecific competition using asbestos cement plates of 10 x 10 cm varying mussel densities. The results showed a trend toward decreasing size of B. rodriguezii with increasing density of conspecifics and when it coexists with P. purpuratus , but only the width of P. purpuratus showed significant increase in presence of B. rodriguezii . Mortality of B. rodriguezii and P. purpuratus did not significantly differ between treatments. Limited supply of P. purpuratus larvae or local tidal conditions that differentially affect each species could be leading to weak competition between both mussels species, thus allowing their coexistence.


Thallium(I) has been found to replace potassium in two enzymes, and thallium has been shown to have many possibilities as a potassium probe.


In this article, present state and future prospect of physically flexible and stretchable electronics is discussed in an unbiased comprehensive manner. Several key areas are covered including materials, design strategies, integration strategies, applications, challenges and future outlook.


The people in Sulu usually go to hospitals and seek medical treatment when they are already in a severe condition that doctors can no longer cure and help. The qualitative method using focus group discussion and workshop conduct was employed, and the most appropriate sampling design is purposive. Four participants were invited and represented the actors from the regularity agent, supply side, demand side, and alternative substitute. Sixteen participants purposively drew and shared their opinions in the workshop. Findings show that the actors involved in the regulatory framework created by Republic Act of the Philippines and the policies and regulations were all done at the national level; the hospital director, administration, health provider, external suppliers together with the hospital and medical facilities, equipment, buildings, and services comprised the supply side in the hospital industry; the markets of the health services were the entire citizen of Sulu; alternative substitute like the traditional medicines and procedures like hilot were accepted by the Tausug. Lastly, all the interactions displayed by the different actors coming from the regulatory agent, supply side, demand side, and the alternative substitute described the nature and performance of the hospital industry in Sulu. Nonetheless, producing a climate of quality health care service.


Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin decided the secret agreement about participation in the Pacific war at Yalta. This paper considered the intervention of the United States about the Sino-Soviet Negotiation based on that agreement. The United States intend to put an end to the Pacific war as soon as possible through Soviet Armys participation, and the Soviet Union wanted to acquire some privileges in Manchuria. They talked the details about this at Yalta, but kept secret to Chiang Kai-Shek until June 15. The United States urged Chinese Government negotiate with Stalin in Moscow, therefore T. V. Soong who was representative of Chinese Government had conferences with Stalin. The nature of the conference was informed to the United States by Ambassador to the Soviet Union Harriman every time finished the conference. the United States Government took a policy of noninvolvement in the Sino-Soviet Negotiation, during the First round of the Moscow talks. But when the Soviet Union demanded some right in Dairen that would be threat the open-door policy, the United States intervened and called upon the soviet Union not to put inordinate demands. We can understand this attitude of the United States was on the basis of the profit of their own country.


Numerical calculations for an incommensurate phase in the Peierls instability are carried out at zero temperature by taking account of a sufficiently large number of electronic states coupled by the potential of the lattice displacement and by treating the effect of third and fifth harmonics self-consistently. Total energy of the system, amplitudes of harmonies and the pattern of the lattice displacement are calculated by changing the deviation from half-occupancy of the conduction band. The effect of harmonics is found to be essentially important in the close neighbor-hood of the half-filled case. The results extrapolated to the half-filled case are satisfactorily consistent with our analytic calculations in a preceding paper.


The role of edge turbulence in detached divertor plasmas is investigated. It is shown that the edge turbulence, through poloidal transport of parallel momentum, can produce a significant plasma pressure drop along the magnetic field lines toward the divertor plate, a feature that characterizes the detached divertor plasma regime.


This review questions Chuodhury's use of topological spaces for criticising the risk-return issues in mainstream financial literature. It highlights the failure of the work in producing an understandable Islamic alternate framework for the purpose.


Abstract: This paper examines the influence of banks (Conventional and Islamic) on economic growth in Indonesia during the period 2008–2012. Secondary data that were used in this research were in the form of monthly time series data during the year 2008–2012. The data were obtained based on monthly statistical banking report from Bank Indonesia (BI) and monthly statistical reports of the Monthly Industrial Production Index in the Large and Medium scale from Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Indonesia. Total deposits, total loans/total financial, and total assets as variables that are representing the bank. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the variable that representing economic growth. By using Cointegration methods and Granger Causality, the result shows that generally, Conventional and Islamic banking affects economic growth in Indonesia. Keywords: banking and economic growth JEL Classification: E01, E21, F43, G21


NOTE: The word "NUF" in the e-mail subject line (and folder title) is probably a typo for "DUF" (discriminate
 use of force -- see related materials).


This paper presents a new spectral shaping method for Ultra Wide Band PPM signals. It consists in applying a sequence that randomises the pulse width in each information symbol waveform. This parameter is informationless. Therefore, it does not involve changes in the usual UWB PPM receiver strategies. However, this method causes difficulties for which we provide solutions. Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme removes the spectral lines and peaks at higher frequencies even at the single information symbol level.


Arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) exhibit mainly isotropic distribution with a hint of small deviations in particular energy bins. In this paper the Yakutsk array data are tested for circular uniformity of arrival directions using two methods appropriate for the energy ranges below and above 1018 eV. No statistically significant deviation from uniformity is found in arrival directions of cosmic rays (CRs) detected within the observational period 19742000.


The influence of the partial / full replacement of fine aggregates with granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) and its effect on mechanical strength and durability properties (acid attack) of high-performance concrete of grade (M60) had been studied in the present work. The high-performance concrete mix had been designed in such a way that one group with natural sand and another with manufactured sand (Quarry dust). Each group of concrete mix with natural and manufactured sand consisted of five sub-groups, having 0%, 30%, 50%, 80% and 100% of GBS content. Other pozzolanic materials such as fly ash and silica fume were also employed to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 20% and 8% respectively, with a constant w/c ratio of 0.32 for the desired slump of 100 mm. According to the results, all the replacement levels of fine aggregate by GBS proved to enhance the mechanical and durability performance of concrete. It is concluded that the high-performance concrete can be produced by utilizing 100% GBS as fine aggregate, with improved mechanical and durability performance.


Photoresist coating apparatus for coating a wafer (24) is rotated on a rotating jig (22) and through a nozzle (26) sprayed with photoresist, with the following components: - a nozzle-driving means (30) to move the nozzle (26) from the edge of the wafer (24) towards the center and apply a coating after the scanning; - a motor (20) for supplying the rotating jig (22) with rotational energy, which varies the amount of energy in function of the position of the nozzle (26); and - control means (36) for gradually increasing the rotational speed of the motor (20) by detecting the nozzle position when the nozzle (26) is moved by the nozzle drive means (30) from the edge of the wafer (24) to its central point.


Note: SSRN is experimenting with enabling the distribution of different types of files: slides, spreadsheets, video, etc. This is the first upload of a pdf file of Powerpoint slides. We are interested in our users desires to distribute files that go beyond word processing text files. You can communicate with me via my email address below. Performance management is critical to the functioning of all organizations. It is a poorly understood phenomenon characterized as much by what people know that is wrong as it is by what people know that is right. Moreover, it is an area in which almost everyone views themselves as experts while having little idea about what they do not know. I review my recent thinking on the almost universal counterproductive effects of the ways most organizations tie rewards and punishments to budgets and targets (what I call paying people to lie), the damaging effects of stretch budgets, the apparently beneficial effects of breakthrough thinking, the puzzle regarding when and why breakthrough thinking does and does not devolve into paying people to lie, and some new ideas on the basic source of performance that come from the philosophy of ontology.


Conclusion: We registered an higher PTV dose coverage between MRIdian's and the RapidArc and IMRT plans for cervical cancer, with a HI advantage for the PTV1. Differences were described for OaRs, especially for low dose areas (V5 Body). The MRIdian's planning platform showed to be user friendly and allowed to reach dosimetrical goals comparable to RapidArc and IMRT gold standards. The evaluation of a possible reduction in PTV margins and a proper target coverage by MRI based gating will be analyzed when the system will become operative.


analyze of of the construction of academic interaction 'educator ‒ didactic tool ‒ preschooler' depending on the topic, purpose, stage of the study of educational material, general patterns, and individual characteristics of the perception of children of a particular age group.


Since Nevada legalized gambling in 1931, casinos have proliferated into the vast majority of states. In 2015, commercial casinos earned over $40 billion. This is quite an impressive growth for an activity that was once relegated to the backrooms of saloons. Indeed, American casino companies are even expanding into other countries.

Casino games have a predetermined set of rules that all players—and the casino itself—must abide by. Many jurisdictions have particularized statutes that allow for the prosecution of players that cheat at these games. Indeed, players have long been prosecuted for marking cards and sliding dice. And casino employees have long been prosecuted for cheating their employers using similar methods. But what happens when casinos cheat their players? To be sure, casinos are unlikely to engage in traditional methods of cheating for fear of losing their licenses. Instead, this cheating takes the form of perfectly suitable—at least in the casinos' eyes—game protection countermeasures. This Article argues that some of these countermeasures are analogous to traditional forms of cheating and should be treated as such by regulators and courts. In addition, many countermeasures are the product of a bygone era—and serve only to slow down games and reduce state and local tax revenues.

Part II discusses the various ways that cheating occurs in casino games. These methods include traditional cheating techniques used by players and casino employees. An emphasis will be placed on how courts have adjudicated such matters. Part III describes countermeasures that casinos take to combat cheating. Part III also argues that some of these countermeasures are just reimagined variations of traditional cheating techniques—and gaming regulators and courts should treat them as such, especially considering the imbalance of powers between casinos and players. Part IV demonstrates that many countermeasures are counterproductive because they slow down the game and deprive the state and municipality of tax revenue.


Mortality and morbidity statistics.-The effects on the nation's vitality of unemployment and drought did not become manifest in 1930, and the people apparently enjoyed better health than ever before; several mortality rates reached a low record for all time. Public-health measures.-The White House Conference on Child Health and Protection aroused widespread interest; the work of the United States Public Health Service was considerably advanced by the passage of several important congressional acts; mental hygiene experienced a banner year. Private practice.-The number of physicians, dentists, and nurses appeared to be gradually increasing. Hospitals and clinics.-There was an increasing tendency for federal, state, and local governments to provide hospital facilities. Biological and chemical research.-Important results were achieved in many fields. Research in medical sociology and economics.-There commissions or committees reported progress.


In this paper, we present a novel quickest detection scheme to sequentially detect the emergence of an event with the help of multiple sensors. In the proposed scheme, we exploit the fact that the observations of the spatially proximal sensor nodes are highly correlated due to correlated shadowing effects. However, we will see that when it comes to infer the spatial correlation, the estimate of the spatially structured covariance matrix is not feasible as the proposed quickest detection scheme is a recursive method and operates with single sample. Hence, we propose to model the spatial covariance structure by using the a-priori information about the locations of the sensors. Moreover, the proposed scheme also takes into account a scenario where only a subset of sensors are affected by the event's signal. Therefore, it takes into account both the exploitation of the spatial structure and the selection of the subset of sensors in the process of detection. Both analytical and numerical results are developed for the mean detection delay, showing important advantages.


The approach of path integral hadronization is applied to an SU(2) model of quark-diquark flavor dynamics. Within such a scheme we derive an effective chiral meson-baryon Lagrangian, where the Goldberger-Treiman relation, found earlier at the quark-meson level, is now reestablished at the composite hadron level. Masses and coupling constants of composite hadrons are then calculable by the parameters of the underlying microscopic quark-diquark picture.


A reinvestigation of Cantrell's thermal cycloaddition of tropone to 1,1-diethoxyethene has led to the isolation of three products: [4+2], [6+2], and [8+2] cycloadducts. The structure of the [4+2] cycloadduct was revised on the basis of an NMR analysis of the hydrolyzed diketone, and newly identified was a superficial anti-Woodward–Hoffmann [6+2] cycloadduct. These adducts did not cause mutual isomerization by heating under formation conditions.


Due to the whole implementation of excavation of the building basement and excavation of metro station,the design of the excavation support for the metro station comprehensive development project is more complicated than normal excavation support design,there are more factors should be considered.It is necessary to make the protection of the constructed work well of metro station and the under-construction metro tunnel as an important rule,which should be obeyed during the whole process of the excavation support design.The first case of joint building basement of metro station named Pujiangyaohua metro station comprehensive development project of Metro line 7 in Shanghai was taken as background in this paper,the excavation support structure design method and some key technology countermeasures were proposed.


Fiji is located in the South Western part of the Pacific between latitude 18° S and longitude 179° E. In 2018, Fiji has spent approximately FJD 800 million in importing fossil fuel to meet the rising energy demand in the country. In the previous year's several solar PV and wind resource assessments has been done and results obtained indicated that there is a potential for grid connected electricity generation using recommended resources. This study was carried out in the Nasawana Village (16°55.3 S and 178°47.4 E) to determine the options to use electricity derived from the wind. Wind analysis was carried out using Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) that predicted the wind speed of 6.96 ms−1 and a power density of 256 Wm−2 at 55 m a.g.l. The annual energy production predicted for a single wind turbine (Vergnet 275 kW) is approximately 631.6 MWh with a capacity factor of 26%. The cost of energy per kWh is estimated as FJD 0.10 with a payback period of 7 years.


Background: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene is essential for the survival of the vast majority of malignant tumors. This study was conducted to assess the association between TERT gene and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in Iraq.
Methods: Genomic DNA samples were extracted from a total of 200 samples of blood. Four specific PCR fragments were designed to amplify four high-frequency rs2735940, rs2736098, rs2736100, and rs10069690 SNPs within the TERT gene. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by sequencing reactions were used to genotype and validate the amplified fragments respectively.
Results: Individuals with the genotype rs2735940:A/G had a significantly higher risk of developing NSCLC (P=0.0299; OD 2.3158; Cl95% 1.0853 to 4.9414). Individuals with the genotype rs2736098:C/T had also associated with the increased risk of NSCLC (P=0.0363; OD 2.1583; Cl95% 1.0503 to 4.4351). Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that both SNPs showed a very high level of coinheritance in patients. The LD plot showed that allele T of rs2736098 had collaborated with allele G of rs2735940 to generate TG haplotype in patients. According to our findings, TERT- rs2735940:A/G and TERT- rs2736098:C/T SNPs exhibited significant associations with the increased risk of NSCLC. Both SNPs showed the highest values of co-inheritance in patients. This co-inheritance is mainly represented by allele rs2735940:A and allele rs2736098:C. Both pathogenic T and G alleles have generated TG haplotype that is only available in patients' samples.

Conclusion: This study suggests employing the haplotype TG as a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. These findings need further validation by large-scale investigation with a larger size of samples in the study population.


The experimental observation that a surprisingly small sample size vis-a-vis dimension is needed to achieve good signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) performance with an adaptive predetection filter is explained. The adaptive filter requires estimates as obtained by a recursive stochastic algorithm of the inverse of the filter input data covariance matrix. The SIR performance with sample size is compared for the situations where the covariance matrix estimates are of unstructured (generalized) form and of structured (finite Toeplitz) form; the latter case is consistent with weak stationarity of the input data stochastic process.


Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl, 2n =22] also called as birdhouse gourd, trumpet gourd, white flowered gourd and calabash gourd, is one of the most ancient crops with its man's association since 12000 B.C., as indicated by archeological remains in Peru (Esquinas-Al cazae and Gulick, 1983). It is a popular cucurbitaceous crop in India and cultivated in other tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The tender fruits are also used to prepare sweets, rayata and pickles. The dried shells of mature fruits are extremely hard and are used as containers, utensils, musical instruments, floats of fishnets or ornamental items. The leaves are also used to prepare vegetable and they have higher nutritive value than fruits, in respect of protein, fat, minerals, fibre, carbohydrate, energy, calcium and phosphorus contents (Gopalan et al., 1982). Different plant parts of bottle gourd have several putative medicinal properties (Chopra, 1986; Moreman, 1998; Chaudhary, 2001; Manandhar, 2002).

https://www.ijcmas.com/7-4-2018/Akshay Jain, et al.pdf


This report concerns the evaluation of the Stellar Systems Inc. E-Field intrusion detection system Series 800 control unit and the 5000 Series hardware components. Included are functional descriptions, installation procedures, testing procedures, and testing/operational results. 35 figs.


Eligible businesses can use electronic data interchange (EDI) technology to file their GST/HST returns and remit their GST/HST payments electronically.


Through investigation and study of Jinzhong City information construction,this paper analyzes Jinzhong basic e-government network,information system security,firewalls and outreach operational security,dynamic management of security,network access control system,and so on.


Use of green and biodegradable catalyst in organic synthesis is undeniable. Easy access, inexpensive, natural and green catalysts are valuable. In this study, a green procedure by using pectin as a green and natural catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of dihydro-2-oxopyrroles and 3,4,5-trisubstituted furan-2(5H)-ones at ambient temperature in aqueous media has been developed. This methodology has some advantages such as: use of a hetero polysaccharide as a easy access and biodegradable catalyst, clean work-up and no need to column chromatography.


In this essay I introduce a sociopolitical perspective on job design. In particular, I suggest how job design may be the subject of impression management, and illustrate this idea in the context of a specific corporate role that has received little attention in the job design literature, namely the role of corporate director. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The supply of electricity that exceeds the load requirement results in the occurrence of electrical power losses. To provide the appropriate power supply to these needs, there must be a plan for the provision of electricity by making prediction or estimation of electrical load. Therefore the issue of electrical load forecasting becomes very important in the provision of efficient power. In this study, the author tries to build a model of short-term electrical load prediction using artificial neural network (ANN) with learning algorithm levenberg-marquardt (Trainlm), Bayesian regularization (Trainbr) and scaled conjugate gradient (Trainscg). Scope of research data retrieval is limited electrical load on the work area of Serang City. The results of this study show that the JST prediction of levenberg-marquardt (Trainlm) algorithm is better than the calculated prediction using Bayesian regularization (Trainbr) and scaled conjugate gradient (Trainscg) algorithms. The electric load prediction shows that the average error (Trainlm) is 3.37. Thus, it can be concluded that the electrical load prediction using the levenberg-marquardt (Trainlm) JST algorithm is more accurate than that of the Bayesian regularization (Trainbr) JST algorithm and the scaled conjugate gradient (Trainscg)


The title of the play, referring to the comic subplot, is misleading. Whatever cruelty is to be found in The Little French Louiyer' takes place in the major plot, in which the lively attorney appears fleetingly on one occasion only. It is significant that the action should be situated in France. The battle waged in that country by women demanding supremacy-' over men was fiercer than any display by their English counterparts.t and was to be supported by wellknown activists such as Madame de Rambouillet and Madame de SabIe.4 These ladies were to put into practice the theories sketched in court poetry, exacting one-way worship from men. Lamira, Fletcher's heroine, is a likely prototype of the new woman taking shape across the Channel. In The Scornful Lady the playwright had already been attracted by the character of the haughty young lady who for a time forbears to respond to her lover's wooing, imposing various ordeals upon him, before yielding in the end, amidst general joy. In The Little French Lawyer the author carries his analysis further. He exposes the devastating consequences of the lady's behaviour, prompted by sheer, though purely psychological, cruelty -itself derived from the status she has chosen for herself. Thus, he precludes a completely happy end. The dialogue of the opening scene sounds like a variation on an old theme, with Dinant, the lover, being reminded by his friend of the humiliations inflicted upon him:


On the basis of thematic proximity and similarity of a number of formal features (chronotope of the noble nest; the image of the negative aspects of the es- tate life; the weakening of cause-and-effect relations between the events; the system of characters, tied by relation, but separated spiritually; the specificity of organization of speech) genre transformations in the last novel of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "Old Years in Poshe khonye" (1889) and in the short stories cycle of I.A. Bunin "Black Earth" (1903) have compared. The theme of returning to their homeland also brings them closer together — a mental appeal to the past, that is, in Poshekhon's childhood by Saltykov-Shchedrin, the road to the family estate — by Bunin. In both works embodied a persistent conflict that does not find a final solution. The sharp denial of the present state of reality, characteristic of satire, presupposes the existence of an ideal, which in the works by Saltykov-Shchedrin and appears as an idyllic picture of the world. In relation to it, the image of estate life in both "Old Years in Poshekhonye" and "Black Earth" is anti-idyllic: here everything is the opposite and contradicts the idyllic notions of peaceful life in harmony with nature. In Bunin's story, this feature is shown in the appeal to the genre of "poem of desolation".


The peculiarities of output radiation formation in electroionization CO2-lasers with smooth tuning of frequency are experimentally investigated. The possibility of the output radiation formation using system master oscillator-amplifier in one excited volume is considered. Operation of tuned CO2-laser in pulse-repetitive mode is tested.


According to self-similarity of the image,fractal image coding can get very high compression ratio based on the iteration function system theory.However,the long coding time limits its application.An improved coding algorithm based on gray difference taxis with the same theory is presented.By comparing the gray difference of range block and domain block,the gray difference range could be fixed,which thereby speed up the process of searching for the best domain block by range block.The result of experiments shows that this method reduce the coding time a lot while maintaining good image coding quality and a high compression ratio.


Fermented sausage is to add some starter to long-term preservation of meat products. According to the characteristics of the fermented sausage, it can be divided into dry fermented sausage and wet fermented sausage. Depending on the mature time, dry fermented sausages can be divided into short maturity fermented sausage and long maturity fermented sausage. In China, it has a long history and accepted by consumers. Different kinds of starter cultures have different fermentation characteristics in fermented sausage, and its metabolites will also have a certain influence on the product quality. As the widely application of starter culture, it has three main categories: bacteria, mold and yeast.


Introduction. Chronic renal failure develops more often in elderly patients after previous repeated urological operations. Urological diseases are an important additional factor that multiply complicates kidney transplantation due to the need for preliminary correction of existing disorders. Not to mention the fact that the recipient's advanced age contributes to the risk of developing graft dysfunction due to the presence of concomitant diseases that worsen the immediate and long-term results of transplantation.Material and methods. We carried out the analysis of clinical observations and studies performed in 124 patients who underwent cadaveric renal allotransplantation at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, including from suboptimal donors. Of these, 69 (55.6%) recipients older than 60 years were included in the main group (group 1), and 55 recipients younger than 60 years (44.4%) – in the comparison group (group 2). From the patients of group 1, patients with urological diseases that led to the development of terminal chronic renal failure, or with previously undergone surgeries for urological diseases (subgroup 1A, 43 patients) were isolated. The remaining 26 patients who did not have urological diseases were put in subgroup 1B.Results. The analysis showed that in the early postoperative period in the recipients of group 1, complications developed in almost all the patients (80 complications in 64 of 69 patients, that is, 92.8% of patients in this group), whereas in group 2, complications developed only in 30.9% of patients (27 complications in 17 of 55 patients). At the same time, on average, 1.2 complications per 1 patient were noted in group 1, and 0.5 complications per 1 patient in group 2, a significant part of the complications occurred in the subgroup of patients with a burdened urological history (subgroup 1A). Late complications also developed statistically significantly more often (almost 2 times) in recipients with a burdened urological history.Conclusions. Complications of the early and late postoperative period develop statistically significantly more often in elderly recipients. The presence of a burdened urological history in elderly recipients significantly increases the risk of early and late postoperative complications.


The study aims to present to the Polish reader the work of Richard Weiner, a forgotten author of Czech modernism, known almost solely as the author of A Game for Real (1933, Polish translation 1984). In a comparative perspective, Malek analyzes Weiner's work that exceeds traditional Czech literary history narratives in the context of other modern authors, especially Franz Kafka. Their work is to be understood through the crucial categories proposed by Walter Benjamin: allegory, melancholy, language crisis and messianic philosophy, crossing in the angel's figure. In this way, the author sketches the most important issues of the Central-European modernist literature: language (of) crisis, its auto-reflexive character, as well as the disintegration of traditional narrative and search for new modes of expression.


Filtering and edge detection are widely used in image processing and computer vision. The following problems are important: computational complexity, precision, possibility to be realized in parallel, and detecting edges with a subpixel precision. By use of orthogonal polynomial theory, we propose in the present paper a new realization of image filters and their derivatives for edge detection, with a reduced and constant complexity and a good precision. In particular, we present the Hermite integration to realize Gaussian filters and the Laguerre integration for Shen-Castan filters. We show that the output of these filters can be calculated by the weighted sum of the signal values at positions determined by the roots of orthogonal polynomials. Generalization to M-D cases and to derivative calculation for edge detection, and the implementation in discrete cases are presented as well. Our method is implemented and tested for computer-generated and real images, the experimental results are satisfactory.


The accelerating pace of technological change in the realm of electronic information storage and delivery continues to shunt aside, often unexpectedly, whatever the current "highest" technology may have been in favor of the next advance, sometimes virtually eliminating a technology, as in the case of videodiscs and a number of floppy-disc storage systems, or spurring a re-invigoration, such as the rise of the cable modem in response to the potential of telcoprovided ADSL services. In just the very recent past, we spoke confidently of those on the "bleeding edge" of technology as being "wired," for whom a magazine of the same name became a publishing phenomena in the early 1990's. Now the frontrunner position in information delivery appears to be held by the "wireless" revolutionaries. Today more and more information services are becoming available in various versions of the wireless context. Differing scenarios of wireless computing and information delivery in library and information centers and by commercial information vendors, will be discussed along with an assessment of the future of wireless computing, what its ramifications may be for both traditional and today's fully-wired libraries, and whether and for how long wireless will likley remain the forerunner in the game of technological leapfrog.


Degradation of cationic red GTL by heterogeneous photo-Fenton system using Ce-Fe/Al2O3 as catalyst was studied.The effects of initial concentration of H2O2,catalyst loading,initial pH value and various processes on degradation were investigated.The intermediates and final products during the reaction were detected by UV-vis absorption spectrography,ion chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrography.Degradation pathways and mechanism of cationic red GTL were discussed.The results show that cationic red GTL with stable structures can be degraded by heterogeneous photo-Fenton system.92.40% of total organic carbon(TOC) removal ratio is achieved at pH=6.0,20 ℃ of reaction temperature,90 min of reaction time,2 g/L of catalyst loading,0.34 g/L of H2O2 concentration and 11 W low mercury light to 50 mg/L GTL-containing simulated wastewater.Degradation pathways include de-auxochrome,cleavage of azo bond,formation of benzene ring and small molecular compounds alcohol,aldehyde,further degradation of intermediate products to low molecular weight organic acid.The final products are Cl-,NO3-,SO42-,CO2 and water.


The All Sky Camera (ASC) was developed as a universal device for the monitoring of the night sky quality. Eight ASCs are already installed and measure night sky parameters at eight of the candidate sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) gamma-ray observatory. The ACS system consists of an astronomical CCD camera, a fish eye lens, a control computer and associated electronics. The measurement is carried out during astronomical night. The images are automatically taken every 5 minutes and automatically processed using the control computer of the device. The analysis results are the cloud fraction (the percentage of the sky covered by clouds) and night sky brightness (in mag/arcsec$^{2}$)


A breathing method was set up to solve the problem of temperature stress in large volume concrete constructions without slots.By setting the sliding floor a breathing system was built up and the temperature stress reduced distinctly.At last combining the project example,the static and kinetic friction coefficients of the sliding floor materials were measured through experiments,and the temperature stress produced by temperature difference was computed with the FEA method.It was indicated that the breathing method could efficiently decrease the temperature stress in large volume concrete constructions.


The rise of quantum information science has opened up a new venue for applications of the geometric phase (GP), as well as triggered new insights into its physical, mathematical, and conceptual nature. Here, we review this development by focusing on three main themes: the use of GPs to perform robust quantum computation, the development of GP concepts for mixed quantum states, and the discovery of a new type of topological phases for entangled quantum systems. We delineate the theoretical development as well as describe recent experiments related to GPs in the context of quantum information. ∗Department of Quantum Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 518, SE-751 20 Uppsala, SWEDEN 1 ar X iv :1 50 3. 04 84 7v 1 [ qu an tph ] 1 6 M ar 2 01 5 INTRODUCTION A cat held upside down can fall on its feet although its angular momentum vanishes1. An amoeba can swim in a completely reversibel environment2. How do they manage? The mechanism used by these cats and amoebae is the same as that used by a quantum state that returns to itself, but picks up a phase factor of geometric origin. The mechanism is called holonomy or geometric phase (GP) and describes the twisting of a physical quantity, such as the orientation of the cat or the phase of the quantum state, due to the curved geometry of the physical space where the change takes place3. This space is the space of shapes in the case of cats, while it is the quantum state space or projective Hilbert space in the case quantum states. If the evolution of a quantum system is induced by slowly changing some external parameters around a loop, the state approximately performs a loop giving rise to an adiabatic GP. This kind of GP was first discovered in the field of quantum chemistry by LonguetHiggins and coworkers4–6 and Stone7. It is the underlying mechanism behind the molecular Aharonov-Bohm effect8,9, which takes the form of a topological phase shift when a molecule reshapes slowly around a conical intersection point. Later, Berry10 demonstrated that the GP is a general consequence of the geometrical structure of the space of parameters that drive cyclic adiabatic evolution of energetically non-degenerate quantum states; a scenario that can be realized in numerous systems, such as photons11, NMR12, neutrons13, Jahn-Teller molecules14, condensed matter systems15, and cold atoms16. Simon17 demonstrated that Berry's GP can be understood as the holonomy in a Hermitian line bundle. This result has established the geometrical nature of the phase. GPs have been generalized beyond Berry's framework. Wilczek and Zee18, still within the context of adiabatic evolution, pointed out that energetically degenerate states may aquire matrix-valued GPs when slowly changing parameters trace out a loop in parameter space. The matrix nature of these phases make them potentially non-commuting; a fact that has motivated the term non-Abelian GP or quantum holonomy for this kind of phase effects. Aharonov and Anandan19 removed the restriction of adiabatic evolution and introduced the concept of non-adiabatic GP in arbitrary cyclic quantum evolution. Subsequently,


With the development of economic,enterprises' role in promoting economic development become more and more important in one hand,but on the other hand,how to maintain sustained profitable status is the focus of enterprises' attention.In this paper,research of accounting profit based on financial governance,analysis the relationship between accounting profits and financial governance,and summarized and analyzed the evaluation methods of accounting profits.


The kinetics of isothermal macroradical coupling in glassy polycarbonate and epoxyamine-based network polymer was studied at 293-333 K. The radicals were produced by γ-irradiation at the temperature of liquid nitrogen using a 60 Co source. The concentrations of radicals were monitored using ESR spectrometry (3-cm range). The coupling rates were found to be markedly different in the initial and plastically deformed glassy polycarbonate and cross-linked epoxyamine polymer samples (uniaxial compression). The rate of the process decreased in preliminarily deformed samples; however, it sustained a jumpiness increase during the deformation. The structural causes of the observed effects are discussed


This paper assesses the determinants of rural household credit activity using data from Vietnam. We pay particular attention to identifying the separate channels of credit demand and credit supply on the amount of credit obtained by households. Credit amount per capita in the commune that the household resides in and the distance from that commune to the nearest bank branch provide the identifying variation for credit supply. The health condition of household head helps to identify credit demand. To …nd the impacts of household characteristics on credit demand and supply, we estimate a bivariate probit with partial observability and a Heckman selection model. We …nd that there is uniform access to formal credit aross rural communes in Vietnam, although quantitative rationing does exist. The education level of household head seems to have inverse u-shape a¤ects on formal credit participation: the least and the most educated households borrow least. The problem of limited screening power and asymmetric information is revealed in the result that the further the distance from a commune to a bank branch, the less likely a formal bank will lend to residents of that commune. Prediction of formal credit demand is estimated reducing over the years suggesting lack of investment opportunity for rural households. With respect to policy implications, we suggest that the government could expand other programmes like job creation or vocational training, and could introduce a policy calling for more investment in far and distant rural areas. JEL classi…cation: O12; O16; O17 Keywords: rural credit; credit access; credit rationing Earlier versions of this paper was presented at the Annual Conference of the Scottish Graduate Programme in Economics 2006, the 3rd Leicester PhD Conference on Economics 2006; and the International Conference on Finance and Economics of Emerging Markets, Istanbul 2006. It has also won the Prize for the Best Paper at the 3rd Leicester PhD Conference on Economics. yI am grateful to Mark Scha¤er and Julian Fennema for their guidance throughout this research. I also bene…ted from useful comments by Gaia Garino and conference participants. Any remaining errors in the paper are mine.


In this article the increasing role of leisure in everyday life of Ural population is being considered. It is marked that in the structure of leisure system there have been rapidly growing a number of new club, which were becoming centers of leisure for various strata of the population. The main forms of club activity are being analyzed. Disadvantages in everyday activity of clubs are being marked.


Abstract. Ice cores from the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are widely used for
reconstructing past climatic and environmental conditions that extend beyond
the instrumental period. However, challenges in dating and interpreting ice
core records often lead to inconsistent results. The Guliya ice core drilled from the northwestern TP suggested a cooling trend during the mid-Holocene based on its decreasing δ18O values, which is not observed in other Tibetan ice cores. Here we present a new high-resolution δ18O record of the Chongce ice cores drilled to bedrock ∼30 km away from the Guliya ice cap. Our record shows a warming trend during
the mid-Holocene. Based on our results as well as previously published ice
core data, we suggest that the apparent discrepancy between the Holocene
δ18O records of the Guliya and the Chongce ice cores may be
attributed to a possible misinterpretation of the Guliya ice core
chronology.


This study aimed to test the using celebrity figures, advertisement and brand image on purcahe decision Adidas shoes in Surabaya. This study using SPSS. The population in this study is the customer of Adidas shoes in Surabaya. The data used in this study using a questionnaire. This research method used is quantitative method. To conduct this study, data were collected as many as 104 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis was used in this study to analyze the data statistically. The results showed that (1) a significant impact between the variables of using celebrity figures on purchase decision Adidas shoes in Surabaya, (2) a significant impact between the variables of advertisement to purchase decision Adidas shoes in Surabaya (3) a significant impact between the variables brand image on purchase decision Adidas shoes in Surabaya.
Keywords: Using Celebrity Figures, Advertisement, Brand Image,Purchase
Decisions.


AKR mice show a high incidence of spontaneous lymphomas that are virtually all of the T lymphocyte type and arise predominantly in the thymus (1). Thymus removal at the age of 1-3 mo markedly reduces the spontaneous tumor incidence. These thymectomized mice develop a low incidence of extrathymic lymphoid tumors, which appear late in life. Some lymphomas occurring sporadically in peripheral lymphoid tissues of old intact or thymectomized mice were shown to have a dual nature, bearing characteristics of both T and B cells (2, 3). Although the thymus has been considered as the primary site of neoplastic transformation and proliferation, we have shown previously (4) that premalignant lymphoid cells (PLC) were present in fetal liver of 16-d-old AKR embryos, and among bone marrow (BM) cells of intact AKR mice from the age of 14 d onwards. Thus, using the transplantation bioassay method, we showed (4) that bone marrow cells from AKR mice of different ages, when transferred into intact irradiated (AKR × DBA/2)F1 recipients, caused T cell lymphoma development of AKR origin in 80-100% of the recipients. In contrast, transplantation tests failed to reveal the presence of PLC in the thymus or spleen during the first few months of life (5, 6). These findings suggest that the thymus provides a suitable environment for the proliferation and differentiation of PLC present in BM since birth. PLC present in intact mice have been shown to differ qualitatively from leukemic cells. They have the characteristics of prothymocytes, and require the thymus microenvironment for further proliferation into autonomous leukemic cells (7). Since we suggest that the initial site of PLC occurrence is among bone marrow cells, they should be present irrespective of presence or absence of the thymus. In this study, we tested whether 8-12-mo-old AKR mice thymectomized at the age of 40-60 d were carriers of dormant PLC that could be triggered to develop into lymphoid tumors after transplantation of BM cells into the appropriate recipients. The developing lymphomas were screened with various T and B cells conventional and monocionai antibodies (mAb) to define their characteristics .


Amphiphilic azoprobes having a crown ether moiety (15C5–Azo–Cn; n=4, 6, 8, and 12 and 18C6–Azo–Cn; n=4, 6, and 8) were synthesized. We examined the effect of alkyl spacer length of the amphiphilic ...


One of my tasks as Acting Director of the College Research Unit (CRU) is to make its work better known to members of the College. While attentive readers of BJP and the Bulletin may have gained a flavour of our work, inevitably much never sees the light of day, as it takes the form of confidential


The supply of donated organs and tissue that are used to treat diseases and disorders is far outnumbered by the need. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the use of stem cells to treat such disorders, because these cells have a large proliferative potential while they can differentiate into every cell in the body under the appropriate stimuli. Recent reports on applications to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and myocardial infarction from the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Dusseldolf have provided some evidence that autologous or homologous stem cell transplantation could one day treat lethal human diseases. In addition to these uses of stem cells, there is research evidence that stem cells can be potentially used to treat spinal cord injury, burns, osteoarthritis, diabetes, Parkinson's and Alzheimer diseases. There are, however, many controversial issues, involving ethics, science, politics, and religion, associated with stem cell research from sacrificed human embryos.


37 38 Observations of tropospheric gravity waves (GWs) made by the new and extensive 39 USArray Transportable Array (TA) barometric network located east of the Rockies, in 40 the central and eastern United States and of stratospheric (30-40 km above sealevel) GWs 41 made by the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) are compared over a 5-year time 42 span from 2010 through 2014. GW detections in the period band from 2-6 hours made at 43 the Earth's surface during the thunderstorm season from May through August each year 44 exhibit the same broad spatial and temporal patterns as observed at stratospheric 45 altitudes. At both levels, the occurrence frequency of GWs is higher at night than during 46 the day and is highest to the west of the Great Lakes. Statistically significant correlations 47 between the variance of the pressure at the TA, which is a proxy for GWs at ground level, 48 with 8.1 μm brightness temperature measurements from AIRS and rain radar 49 precipitation data, which are both proxies for convective activity, indicate that GWs 50 observed at the TA are related to convective sources. There is little, if any, time lag 51 between the two. Correlations between GWs in the stratosphere and at ground level are 52 weaker, possibly due to the AIRS observational filter effect, but are still statistically 53 significant at nighttime. We conclude that convective activity to the west of the Great 54 Lakes is the dominant source of GWs both at ground level and within the stratosphere. 55 56 57


Abstract : The concept of a fan-wing aircraft configuration for the purpose of vertical takeoff and landing has drawn much attention. Recently, more investigations revealed that a cross-flow fan (CFF) was capable of providing the propulsion. Several characteristics of the off-design performance of a CFF were experimentally measured, but insufficient numerical predictions were obtained. In the present study, the commercial CFD software ANSYS CFX was employed to calculate the unsteady flow through a CFF with a sliding mesh incorporated. The results of the CFD showed the necessity to re-investigate the cross-flow fan with 12-inch diameter, 1.5-inch span and 30 blades, and additional measurement locations were implemented to carry out a more accurate experiment. A new digital sensor array was used to record the pressures within the experiment, which contributed to the high fidelity of the present data. Successful comparisons were made between the predicted and measured performance at various rotational speeds from an open throttle position to a setting at stall. Visualization of the computed flow field showed where stall occurred, both within the rotor and in the exhaust duct.


Johnson noise is often the dominant noise source in microelectronic devices. While the magnitude and frequency dependence of noise within a network of discrete resistors and capacitors is well documented, there appears to be a lack of analogous results for distributed resistor‐capacitor systems. This latter model is quite relevant to microelectronic devices since one finds that long resistive conductors are capacitively coupled with varying strength to other elements along the entire conductor length. We solve both the one‐and two‐dimensional distributed resistor‐capacitor systems and find both the autocorrelation function of the potential at any point and the frequency spectrum of the associated mean‐square potential fluctuations. We note that the one‐dimensional result exhibits an extended ''1/f'' region in the power spectrum at high frequencies and speculate that all systems with macroscopic behavior governed by a diffusion equation may share this frequency dependence if the diffusivity depends appropr...


In geopolymer concrete, a by-product material rich in silicon and aluminum (low calcium fly ash) is chemically activated by a high alkaline solution to form a paste that binds the loose coarse and fine aggregates, as well as other un-reacted materials in the mixture. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the behavior and the strength of twelve geopolymer concrete slender columns under equal load eccentricities. The primary variables of the test series were concrete compressive strength, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and load eccentricity. The test results gathered included the deflection and the load capacity of the columns. The test failure loads were compared with the values calculated by the methods currently available for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. Excellent correlation between experimental and analytical results is found.


In this paper, the authors describe X-System, a general digital library platform which is capable of handling large-scale digital contents with flexible, extensible management features. The development of X-System achieves several important goals of modern digital library systems, including fully functional system, neutral and portable architecture, stackable modules, data exchange, and universal access. Several open source digital library systems are selected as a comparison of platform features. The model and architecture of X-System are also discussed in this paper. Moreover, several extension case studies of X-System are demonstrated to show the extensibility of their system. In addition to act as a basic digital archive/library system, the X-System has been adopted as various different usages, including E-learning platform, knowledge management platform, library circulation system, and embedded metadata framework.


PURPOSE: A device and a method for processing audio over internet protocol (VoIP) audio data to prevent audio delays are provided to prevent audio delays regardless of the kind of a VoIP application or the kind of a terminal by using a VoIP audio data processing route including a VoIP audio engine instead of a general audio data processing route. CONSTITUTION: A control unit in a VoIP audio data processing device receives audio data using a wireless communications unit (305). The control unit transmits the VoIP audio data to a first route when the received audio data is VoIP audio data (310,315). The control unit transmits the VoIP audio data to a second route when the received audio data is not the VoIP audio data (325). [Reference numerals] (305) Receive audio data; (310) VoIP audio data?; (315) Transmit the data to a first route; (320) Process VoIP audio data using an exclusive audio engine for VoIP; (325) Transmit the data to a second route; (330) Process the audio data using the audio processing route of an operation system; (335) Data processed at the same time on the first and second routes?; (340) Data mixing; (AA) Start; (BB) End


Rare disorders are poorly understood, most often remain uncharacterized or patients are misdiagnosed due to lack of specific clinical resources. Understanding the basics of inheritance is essential in such cases as it helps to figure out the plausibility of a disorder as an inherited or genetic disease. Though identification and characterization of such disorders is complicated, Next generation Sequencing has come up as a tool in recent times and is of great help. It is quite visible in literature that since the advent of this methodology, a drastic increase in identification and genetic characterization of various rare diseases across the world has occurred. We emphasize on NGS/WES, as an effective method in understanding uncharacterized Mendelian Disorders. It is of great help, especially in developing countries and regions like Jammu and Kashmir where, such familial disorders exist in abundance, due to very high consanguinity, but remain undiagnosed/misdiagnosed due to lack of specialized testing. We have collected huge number of highly extended families representing various rare genetic disorders and trying to elucidate the genetic cause and biology of the diseases in these families. Citation: Rai, E., Angural, A., Sapolia, A., Razdan, S., Pandita, K.K. and Sharma, S. Geographic Isolation and Endogamous Practices Provide Higher Risk of Genetic Disorders in Jammu and Kashmir [Abstract]. In: Abstracts of the NGBT conference; Oct 02-04, 2017; Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India: Can J biotech, Volume 1, Special Issue (Supplement), Page 250. https://doi.org/10.24870/cjb.2017-a234


Objective: This study was conducted to synthesise some 2-substituted-5-nitro benzimidazole derivatives to evaluate their antioxidant activity. Methods: The titled compounds were synthesised by sodium metabisulfite mediated reaction of 4-nitro-1, 2-phenylenediamine with a number of para -substituted benzaldehydes. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Results: All the compounds exhibited good antioxidant activity having IC 50 values in the range of 3.17 to 7.59 µg/ml while that of standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was 18.42 µg/ml. Conclusion: Among the synthesised compounds, compounds 3a-c have been shown to possess the most prominent antioxidant activity which might be attributed due to the presence of chloro, bromo and fluoro substituents in the molecule. The compounds may act as the future lead(s) for the development of potential antioxidant compounds.


Objects : Rumexis Radix has been used for inflammatory disease, skin disease and some kind of cancer in folk remedy. In order to investigate the effect of anti-oxidation of partion of Rumexis Radix, this study was done. Methods : Rumexis Radix was investigated effects of antioxidation for DPPH(e1ectron donating ability) radical ability, lipid peroxidase(LP1, Xanthine oxidase(X0) radical ability and Silica gel column chromatography Results : 1. The most effect of anti-oxidation of partion of Rumexjapcmicus HOUTT. was ethylacetatdEtOAC) extract of it. 2. The effects of anti-oxidation of ethylacetate(Et0AC) extract for DPPH(e1etron donating ability) radical ability was much better than BHT. 3. The effects of anti-oxidation of ethylacetate(Et0AC) extract for lipid peroxidase(lP) and Xanthine oxidase(X0) radical ability was effective. 4. Silica gel column chromatography of ethylacetate(Et0AC) extract of Rumex japonicus HOUTT. found five components. And two components of five components(Ru-Z-D, Ru-2-El were far effective. Conclusion : According to the above results, the antioxidant action of Rumexis Radix is effective. And it is expected to be necessary to the study of the mechanism in the antioxidant of Rumexis Radix.


A miniature optical fibre hydrophone has been developed for the measurement of ultrasound in the range 1-30 MHz. The acoustically sensitive element comprises a 23 /spl mu/m thick polymer film mounted at the end of an optical fibre. When illuminated by laser light launched into the fibre, the polymer film acts as a Fabry Perot interferometer. An incident acoustic wave modulates the optical thickness of the interferometer thereby producing a corresponding intensity modulation in the light reflected from the film. The system was characterised in terms of sensitivity, frequency response and directivity using a broadband (1-30 MHz) ultrasonic field produced by nonlinear propagation obtained by driving a 1 MHz PZT source with a high amplitude 1 MHz toneburst. PVDF needle and membrane reference hydrophones were used as comparisons. The minimum detectable acoustic pressure of the optical fibre hydrophone was found to be 10 kPa in a 25 MHz measurement bandwidth with a wideband response to 30 MHz. The -3dB beamwidth at 10 MHz was 60/spl deg/. Such performance is comparable to that achieved with PVDF hydrophone technology, with additional advantages of immunity to EMI, small physical size, a flexible probe-type configuration, robustness and potentially low cost. Among the applications that might benefit from these advantages are single-use applications such as the measurement of industrial CW fields in hostile environments and in vivo measurements of medical ultrasound exposure.


Hostile takeovers are interorganizational events that threaten organizational identity and integrity. Yet different meanings and different levels of meaning can be revealed by interpreting the texts that describe hostile takeover events. A psychoanalytic reading of these texts provides a way to explore the deeper meanings of these events. In addition, the media coverage of these events demonstrates both the reflection and construction of social reality, or "contemporary" culture. Interpreting the texts of hostile takeover events provides a way to both enrich our understanding of interorganizational phenomena and illuminate important social issues that might otherwise be kept in the dark.


Because of the unknown nonlinearity and time-varying characteristics of a V-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) driven electric scooter system using a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo drive, its accurate dynamic model is difficult to establish for the design of the linear controller in the whole system. In order to conquer this difficulty and increase robustness, a novel adaptive modified recurrent Legendre neural network (NN) control system is proposed for controlling a PMSM servo-driven electric scooter with a V-belt CVT system. The novel adaptive modified recurrent Legendre NN control system consists of a modified recurrent Legendre NN control with adaptation law and a compensated control with estimation law. Additionally, the online parameter tuning methodology of the modified recurrent Legendre NN control and the estimation law of the compensated control can be derived by using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Furthermore, two optimal learning rates of the modified recurrent Legendre NN are proposed according to a discrete-type Lyapunov function in order to raise the speed of convergence. Finally, comparative studies are provided by experimental results in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


Festuce forage is very important, which has good adaptability, higher yield but coarser quality, it can be used as turf grass and fodder. In this paper, the biological characteristics of F.arandinacea, F.ovina, F.elatior (Pratonsis) and F.rubra were involved, which make a good basis for their application.


Small streams have the unfortunate ability to be greatly impacted by human intervention. Civilizations for centuries have attempted to alter the natural state of their environment, and Amherst's own Tan Brook is a local example of the consequences of human alterations on a stream. The brook flows over and under what many local citizens call home, and where many UMass students go to learn. A healthier Tan Brook would be expected to provide for improvement of ecosystem services such as flood control and nutrient processing, resulting in a cleaner campus pond and a better connection between the stream and the local community. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare previously recorded biochemical characteristics with current conditions in the Tan Brook and campus pond to determine if the health of this system has changed. Additional parameters related to the geomorphology and biology of the Tan Brook will also be characterized. Community concern in concurrence with the fact that the majority of the stream is piped underground through culverts indicates that the Tan Brook is currently impacted. The data collected can provide clues about levels of ecological impairment in Tan Brook and the source of these impairments. With interpretation, the information gathered could eventually lead to the development of infrastructure to remediate the sources of impairment, consequently leading to a cleaner Tan Brook. This is an optimistic transformation that would aid both the town of Amherst and the University. Figure 5: Pictures from sampling O80" 20" 120" StrongStreet" HighSchool" LincolnApts" CampusPond" LOT"12" An al yt es #in ##( μg /L )## Sampling#Sites# Chlorophyll#Analysis#2014# 2014"Chlorophyll"(μg/L)" 2014"PhaeophyDn"(μg/L)" 2014"Total"Chl"a"(μg/L)" 0" 2" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" HighSchool" LincolnApts" CampusPond" LOT"12" An al yt es #in ##( μg /L )# Sampling#Sites# Chlorophyll#Analysis#2014# 2014"Chlorophyll"(μg/L)" 2014"PhaeophyDn"(μg/L)" 2014"Total"Chl"a"(μg/L)" Figure 4: A: Chlorophyll analysis 2014. B: Chlorophyll analysis 2014 without skewed Strong Street Site. C: 2003-2014 comparison References: (1)Paul, M. J. (2001). Streams in the urban landscape. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32(1), 333. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114040 (2)Walsh, Christopher Roy, Allison Feminella, Jack Cottingham, Peter Groffman,Peter Morgan, Raymond. (2005). The urban stream syndrome: Current knowledge and the search for a cure. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 24(3), 706-723. doi: 10.1899/0887-3593(2005)024\[0706:TUSSCK\]2.0.CO;2"" The Environmental Condition of Tan Brook and Campus Pond: A Community and University Concern Marita Clay1 and Robert Smith1 1Massachusetts Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit & Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Acknowledgements We would like to thank Paula Rees for providing data from previous years. Beckie Finn & the EAL Lab for helping with TP and Chla, and Alison Tenhulzen for providing the watershed delineation. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation –Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability Fellowship, Award#: GEO-1215896 0" 0.2" 0.4" 0.6" StrongStreet" HighSchool" LincolnApts"CampusPond" LOT"12" pp b#


The utility model relates to an automatic control device of a car turn light, which comprises a turn light (4), a power supply (3), a hand switch (2), wires, a navigating instrument (5) and a controller (1). The input end of the controller (1) is connected with the navigating instrument, the a pin of the output end of the controller (1) is connected with the cathode of the power supply (3) through wires, the b pin of the output end of the controller (1) is connected with the cathode of the turn light (4) through wires, the anode of the power supply (3) is connected with the anode of the turn light (4) through wires. One end of the hand switch (2) is connected with the cathode of the power supply (3) through wires, and the other end of the hand switch is connected with the cathode of the turn light (4) through wires. The utility model can open the car turn light automatically when the car turns, in addition, the structure is simple and the manufacture cost is low.


Present invention provides a Ding Jing rubber with a polypropylene thermoplastic vulcanizate using principal component of the plasticizer or plasticizers main and auxiliary plasticizing plasticized, the main plasticizer is trioctyl trimellitate esters, by secondary plasticizing agent is epoxidized soybean oil. The main composition of the thermoplastic vulcanizate, parts by mass is as follows: NBR 60 to 75; 40 to 25 polypropylene; compatibilizer A: 10 maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene; compatibilizer B: amine-terminated liquid Ding Jing rubber 5; primary plasticizer: trimellitic acid trioctyl 30 to 50; secondary plasticizers: epoxidized soybean oil from 0 to 20; 7 to 10, the vulcanizing agent; promoting agent 1-2. The thermoplastic vulcanizates of the present invention, hardness (Shore) 58A ~ 80A, oil change rate 0.64% mass to 6.3%, tensile strength of 3.6% to 12.8% is a low hardness, high oil resistance, good flowability Ding Jing rubber polypropylene and thermoplastic vulcanizates.


A quantitative evaluation system of attentional deficit was developed, and was tried to normal subjects and stroke patients. In patients of generalized attentional defict there were many errors or miss, and they took long response times for stimulus of all or special directions. For example, patient who showed left unilateral special neglect took longer response time for left side stimulus than right side. By experiments, it was suggested that this evaluation method was useful for measurment of an attentinal deficit.


The paper embodies the description of a polariscope which offers several advantages for photoelastic investigations and is applicable to the analysis of stress distributions in parallel plates and to Mesnager's modified three‐dimensional analysis. The chief characteristic of the optical arrangement is that the light, after passing through the usual arrangement of polarizing prism, retardation plate and model, is reflected directly back through the same system.


Cross country, cross cultural and cross religious partnerships are not new. While travel is the traditional way of facilitating transnational partnering, new technologies, notably the internet, are also now providing a means of meeting potential overseas partners. New Zealand census data provides some inference that mail order brides are immigrating to New Zealand and, given international trends, it is it is almost certain this phenomenon is taking place in New Zealand. Already the Immigration New Zealand partnership policy recognises that mail order brides are immigrating to New Zealand as it contains an avenue for women in this type of relationship to obtain residency when they would otherwise not meet the residency requirements. While the mail order bride phenomenon is currently generally seen in a negative light, there are some good social and economic reasons for such relationships to exist. Love may not be the main reason why some of these couples form, but that does not necessarily mean that the relationship is not ideal for both partners.


Significance Kelp forests support diverse and productive ecological communities throughout temperate and arctic regions worldwide, providing numerous ecosystem services to humans. Literature suggests that kelp forests are increasingly threatened by a variety of human impacts, including climate change, overfishing, and direct harvest. We provide the first globally comprehensive analysis of kelp forest change over the past 50 y, identifying a high degree of variation in the magnitude and direction of change across the geographic range of kelps. These results suggest region-specific responses to global change, with local drivers playing an important role in driving patterns of kelp abundance. Increased monitoring aimed at understanding regional kelp forest dynamics is likely to prove most effective for the adaptive management of these important ecosystems. Kelp forests (Order Laminariales) form key biogenic habitats in coastal regions of temperate and Arctic seas worldwide, providing ecosystem services valued in the range of billions of dollars annually. Although local evidence suggests that kelp forests are increasingly threatened by a variety of stressors, no comprehensive global analysis of change in kelp abundances currently exists. Here, we build and analyze a global database of kelp time series spanning the past half-century to assess regional and global trends in kelp abundances. We detected a high degree of geographic variation in trends, with regional variability in the direction and magnitude of change far exceeding a small global average decline (instantaneous rate of change = −0.018 y−1). Our analysis identified declines in 38% of ecoregions for which there are data (−0.015 to −0.18 y−1), increases in 27% of ecoregions (0.015 to 0.11 y−1), and no detectable change in 35% of ecoregions. These spatially variable trajectories reflected regional differences in the drivers of change, uncertainty in some regions owing to poor spatial and temporal data coverage, and the dynamic nature of kelp populations. We conclude that although global drivers could be affecting kelp forests at multiple scales, local stressors and regional variation in the effects of these drivers dominate kelp dynamics, in contrast to many other marine and terrestrial foundation species.


The language we use to talk about things, as is self evident, affects what we are able to think and do. Western musical culture, as Small has eloquently argued, has a strong focus on the musical work, music as a thing rather than an activity. There are parallels with judicial process being focused on judgments, the outcomes of the process. However, bringing judicial process and musical improvisation into a dialogue resonates the extent to which terminologies may block understanding and possibilities for progress/alternative views. In this paper I argue that the concept of the musical work is inimical to an understanding of improvisation, and speculate on the extent to which this is paralleled by the notion of judgment as outcome rather than process.


A perfect investment system is necessary for the development of socialist market economy.Though we have made much progress in the reform of the system,some obstacles are also existed.Many governments interfere investment by their administrative rights,and the administration and legal systems are not perfected.The intermediary also lags behind.So it is helpful for us to make use of foreign experiences to speed up our reform on investment system.


Risk factors of embolic stroke (ES) after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation have not been fully elucidated especially among the Asian subjects, particularly regarding epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in cardiac imaging. We aimed to assess the incidence of ES during a long‐term follow‐up period after AF ablation and to identify the risk factors associated with postablation ES, specifically focusing on EAT.


In this paper, we propose an array antenna that can work in reflection and transmission modes simultaneously or separately. Reflection and transmission at two frequencies are determined by designing and implanting frequency selective surfaces for the antenna. An antenna array prototype including 14 × 14 units and a horn‐fed antenna is designed and measured. The peak gain is 24.6 dBi when the array operates in reflection mode at 12 GHz and 21.3 dBi in transmission mode at 7 GHz. The peak gains are at least 10 dBi higher than the feed source. Moreover, a shift in the beam direction was observed when the feed horn moved along the axis during the measurement. A ±16.4° beam scan can be achieved with a ±60 mm shift in the feeder, as presented in the paper. The proposed transmission/reflection array antenna has potential applications in wireless communication systems.


Objective: To observe the effect of chemotherapy through
hepatic arterial pump. Methods : Twelve cases were treated by little dose combination
chemotherapy of FD or FM(Alternate once a week,one course of six months) through hepatic
arterial vital port. Results :CR was observed in 4 cases,PR in 4 cases,NC in 2 cases,PD in 2
cases.The overall response rate was 66.7%(8/12).Three year survival rate was 333%,five year
survival rate was 167%. Conclusions :Survival rate of patients with advanced liver cancer was
increased by long time little dose combination chemoheraphy through hepatic arterial vital port.


Since October last year,the finance crisis of the world made Chinese macro-economy situation from inflation to deflation.Although,currently,China is not in all-rounded deflation situation,the negative influence of the pressure of the deflation has begun to appear in industrial production field,for example,the deflation leads to the decline of firm investment and gains and the increase of enterprise debt burden.Meanwhile,the deflation inhibits the resident consumption and export on large scale.The inner reason for present China's deflation is shrinking of self-investment demand and consumption demand.Thus,the basic ideas for preventing China's serious deflation are to enlarge domestic demand and to improve supply.


The paper is devoted to analyzing the impact of government investment on the economic cycle theoretically and empirically based on IS-LM model. The findings show that there is no relevance between government investment and macroeconomic volatility; To the three industries, the central government investment and local government investment render no effect on the first industry and the third industry are not affected, but faint impact on the second industry; comparatively, local government investment is more effective than central investment in influencing the second industry. The analyses also found that government investment influenced the second industry significantly in short run and faintly in the medium term and government investment has no effect in long term.


A 7-l, gaslift fermentor was designed and constructed for growth of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. The carrier lift gas may be N/sub 2/ (anaerobic growth) or air (aerobic growth). Since the fermentation chamber is constructed of transparent polycarbonate, photosynthetic bacteria also may be grown. The fermentor may be adapted for both batch or continuous culture work. The advantages of gaslift over conventional fermentors are addressed, and data on typical batch growth are examined.


Coal Analyzer has been developed, capable of measuring the major and minor chemical elements contained in coal. The system utilizes nuclear reactions produced from fast and thermal neutrons, as well as from neutron activation of isotopes with half-lives of seconds or minutes. Characteristic gamma rays detected with BGO detectors are used for the identification of the various chemical elements. We have designed the electrical system and research position of some equipment and the way of their connections. For some redundant components, the electronic system is optimized to improve the accuracy and stability of the system. According to the preliminary performance test, the system has achieved the expected design target.


Five Sideris devices could not be implanted and were removed at the time of the procedure, whereas only 2 Amplatzer devices could not be implanted. One device in each series was inadvertently implanted straddling the defect and required surgical removal. The Amplatzer device had embolised to the pulmonary artery, whereas the Sideris device produced cardiac perforation and haemo-pericardium. Both patients recovered completely. Three patients who failed Sideris device implantation were successfully treated with Amplatzer devices. One patient with a Sideris device had a significant residual leak closed with an Amplatzer device. Conclusions: The Amplatzer device produces higher occlusion rates of ASDs with shorter fluoroscopy times.


It is well established in the literature that mechanisms of subordination and the role of race and class are markedly different in Brazil and the United States. Racial identities and formal mobilization among blacks in Brazil have tended to be neutralized by the state and civil society, a tendency reflected in the prevalence of class-based policies toward blacks and the myth of racial democracy (Skidmore, 1974; Winant, 1989). In the United States, race-based policies and social organization along racial lines have obscured and in some ways precluded attention to class as a basis of identity formation as well as


Objective To investigate the sensitivity and drug tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanni/haemolyticus to antibiotics in patients in ICU of our hospital from 2006 to 2007,and to offer reference for rational use of antobiotics.Methods Strain indenification and drug sensitivity test were performed with Microscan WalkAway-40SI and then the results were analyzed.Results The more sensitive antibiotics to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were imipenem,cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam.Amikacin was the antibiotic with most remarkable variation of drug resistance.The more sensitive antibiotics to Acinetobacter banmanni/haemolyticus were imipenem,ampicillin/sulbactam.The antibiotics with remarkable variation of drug resistance were amikacin,cefepime,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,and ceftazidime.Conclusion Drug susceptibility test should be thought highly of,and antibacterials should be used rationally.


The 2nd Asian Under-20 Women's Football Championships demonstrated the powerful growth momentum of Asian women's football. Though China obtained the second place in the match,the advantages in the past have gone. It is necessary to be aware of the crisis and the to strength the training of young women's football. Emphasis should be laid on the cultivation of the talented players and to make greater achievements.


It is well known that many noncompact hyperbolic 3-manifolds are topologically complements of links in the 3-sphere. We extend this phenomenon to dimension 4 by exhibiting an example of a noncompact hyperbolic 4-manifold that is topologically the complement of 5 tori in the 4-sphere. We also exhibit examples of hyperbolic manifolds that are complements of 5n tori in a simply-connected 4-manifold with Euler characteristic 2n. All the examples are based on a construction of Ratcliffe and Tschantz, who produced 1171 noncompact hyperbolic manifolds with Euler characteristic 1. Our examples are finite covers of the Ratcliffe-Tschantz manifold with the biggest symmetry group.


The possibility that the masses MBH of supermassive black holes (SBHs) correlate with the total gravitational mass of their host galaxy, or the mass MDM of the dark matter halo in which they presumably formed, is investigated using a sample of 16 spiral and 20 elliptical galaxies. The bulge velocity dispersion σc, typically defined within an aperture of size R ≲ 0.5 kpc, is found to correlate tightly with the galaxy's circular velocity vc, the latter measured at distances from the Galactic center at which the rotation curve is flat, R ~ 20-80 kpc. By using the well-known MBH-σc relation for SBHs and a prescription to relate vc to the mass of the dark matter halo MDM in a standard ΛCDM cosmology, the correlation between σc and vc is equivalent to one between MBH and MDM. Such a correlation is found to be nonlinear, with the ratio MBH/MDM decreasing from 2 × 10-4 for MDM ~ 1014 M☉ to 10-5 for MDM ~ 1012 M☉. Preliminary evidence suggests that halos of mass smaller than ~5 × 1011 M☉ are increasingly less efficient at forming SBHs—perhaps even unable to form them.


An instrumentation system devised specifically to aid in differentiating the locus of early aftershocks in the vicinity of a large underground nuclear explosion was tested during the Jorum event in September 1969. This system included six stations located on three radii from Jorum surface zero. Records from these stations included 115 aftershocks during the initial three-hour postshot period. Arrival times from the 40 largest events during the first hour indicated that 12 were in the chimney area and 28 were at distances between 100 meters and 6.3 kilometers from the explosion. Six events appear to be directly associated with faults identified prior to the shock, and two groups near surface zero suggest new faults in that vicinity. Four later aftershocks, identified in Seismological Notes (Seismological Society of America) for September and October 1969, were found to be within the chimney area.


Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of transurethral incision of ureteroceles and incidence of vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric patients with duplex system ureterocele. Materials and methods. This is a retrospective study of 155 pediatric patients with duplex system ureterocele. The age of patients at the time of surgery ranged from 5 days to 17 years (median — 8.0 months). Intravesical ureterocele had 108 patients (69.8%), extravesical — 47 (30.2%). Results. Complications occurred in 2 patients (1.3%), recurrence obstruction was in 1 case (0.6%). Ipsilateral vesicoureteral reflux after surgery had 112 patients (72.3%): in the upper pole — 51 cases (32.9%), in the lower pole — 32 (20.6%), in both ureters — 29 (18.7%). In the long-term period after transurethral incision of ureteroceles 97 patients (62.5%) needed reoperation due to infection and voiding dysfunction. Statistically significant risk factors associated with the need for reoperation were the presence of vesicoureteral reflux on the ureteroceles side and non-functioning upper pole of the kidney. Conclusion. Transurethral incision of ureteroceles for duplex system ureterocele is a safe and effective minimally invasive method of primary resolving of the obstruction. Vesicoureteral reflux on the ureterocele side after surgery had 72.3% of patients; reoperation in the long term was necessary in 62.5% cases. The main risk factor reoperation is vesicoureteral reflux on the ureterocele side.


In this paper we discuss some of the problems of the current Web and show how the introduction of object-orientation provides flexible and extensible solutions. Web resources become encapsulated as objects, with well-defined interfaces through which all interactions occur. The interfaces and their implementations can be inherited by builders of objects, and methods (operations) can be redefined to better suit the object. New characteristics, such as concurrency control and persistence, can be obtained by inheriting from suitable base classes, without necessarily requiring any changes to users of these resources. We describe the W3Object model which we have developed based upon these ideas, and show, through a prototype implementation, how we have used the model to address the problems of referential integrity and transparent object (resource) migration. We also give indications of future work.


DEARSIRS The above table was omitted from the published version of our paper 'Psychiatric Training at the Maudsley Hospital: A Survey of Junior Psychiatrists' (Psychiatric Bulletin, May 1990, 14, 289-292). The table displays the results of a survey of Maudsley Hospital SHOs and registrars and compares results with two previous surveys (Creed & Murray, 1981; Jeffreys & Murray, 1976). THOMASFAHY BARBARABEATS Institute of Psychiatry London SES 8AF


The utility model discloses a novel permanent magnet rotor. The novel permanent magnet rotor comprises a permanent magnet magnetic core, a rotor shaft and an injection molding plastic part. The center of the permanent magnet magnetic core is provided with a circular rotor shaft through hole used for the installation of the rotor shaft. The injection molding plastic part extends in an integrated manner on the upper end surface of the permanent magnet magnetic core to form an upper end surface bonding skirt edge covering the upper end surface of the permanent magnet magnetic core, and the injection molding plastic part extends in an integrated manner on the lower end surface of the permanent magnet magnetic core to form a lower end surface bonding skirt edge covering the lower end surface of the permanent magnet magnetic core. An upper bonding sleeve used for bonding the upper end of the rotor shaft is arranged above the upper end surface bonding skirt edge, and a lower bonding sleeve used for bonding the lower end of the rotor shaft is arranged below the lower end surface bonding skirt edge. According to the utility model, the permanent magnet magnetic core is provided with the circular rotor shaft through hole, and the injection molding plastic part is additionally provided with the upper end surface and lower end surface bonding skirt edges and upper and lower bonding sleeves, so that the torsion force of the permanent magnet rotor is increased, the rotation balance of the permanent magnet rotor is maintained at the same time, transverse vibration is eliminated, and the normal operation of the permanent magnet rotor is ensured.


This article focuses on the vital role of hydrogen bonding to explain some unusual photophysical behaviors of an 'Aggregation-induced emission' (AIE) active Iridium(III) complex. The preponderance of hydrogen bonding leads to the complex's multifunctional character, viz., sensing ability of base and protein (BSA), pH probing, and solvatochromism. Depending on the hydrogen bonding capacity of the solvents, the emission properties of the complex are changed, i.e., green emission in non-polar solvents, yellowish-green emission in a chlorinated solvent, bright yellow emission in a polar aprotic solvent and weak yellow emission in polar protic solvent. A robust green emission was obtained with the addition of BSA into a solution of 1. The sensitivity of the complex to BSA was measured to be 9.3 pM. The mechanisms in all these cases have been explored based on control experiments and computational calculations/studies (DFT, TD-DFT, Docking).


In this paper the effectiveness of integrated cores is investigated as a function of various core parameters. This is a step towards optimised magnetic structures for this novel type of component.


The present invention relates to a signal processing method and apparatus. Particularly, to a coding method and apparatus therefor for signal compression and recovery. Data coding and entropy coding are performed with interconnection, and grouping is used to enhance coding efficiency. A signal processing method of the present invention, the steps and data coding scheme indicated by the data coding identification information for obtaining data coding identification information, and a step of the data decoding the data. In addition, the data coding schemes include a pilot coding scheme at least to the pilot coding scheme is the pilot difference value decoding the data, and using the pilot reference value and the pilot difference value corresponding to a plurality of data and the data It is generated using the pilot reference value.


The causes of pathologic pericardial effusion include infection, inflammation, cancer, injury, immune and drug reactions. Tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of pericarditis and pericardial effusion. Tuberculous pericarditis has a high mortality if untreated. Serious complications may occur especially when diagnosis and correct treatment are delayed. This article describes an 86-year-old female with tuberculous pericarditis confirmed by positive culture result. The patient received anti-tuberculosis medications with good recovery.


A small assemblage of stone Hakes and tools left in a natural hollow in an abandoned garden is interpreted as the debris resulting from a brief period of work by one or two artisans. Detailed a nalysis of the drill s a nd utilised Hakes suggests that wood-working of small items was the major acfo·ity in this open-air workshop, and that these items may have been perforated. It is argued that che rt and obsidian were used interchangeably for scraping tasks, but that obsidi an was more highl y valued as a material.


PREFER (Space-based information support for the Prevention and Recovery of Forest Fires Emergency in the Mediterranean Area) is a three years project devoted to develop a satellite based service infrastructure capable to provide up-to-date information to support the preparedness, prevention, recovery and reconstruction phases of the Forest Fires emergency cycle in the European Mediterranean Region. The project has been successfully completed at the end of 2015. This paper aims at illustrating some of the project achievements and discuss their applicability to manage forest fires in South-America.


Sensitivity of paddy rice to climatic perturbation makes paddy farmers to be vulnerable to climate change and variability, this resulted to the decline in paddy productivity and reduction in farmers' income, thereby exacerbating the socio- economic wellbeing and poverty level of the farmers in Malaysia. Tackling vulnerability to climate change through effective policy action requires understanding of farmers' adaptive capacity. This study analysed adaptive capacity of the paddy farmers and factors that causes differences in the farmers' adaptive capacity in the study areas. Paddy farmers' adaptive capacity levels were determined using a composite index score by linearly aggregating the farmers' five capital indicators (human, physical, financial, social, and management capitals). The study showed that adaptive capacity index scores of the entire respondents' ranges from -0.289 to 0.392 with Mean of -0.003 and standard deviation 0.174. About 200 (44.4%) of the respondent have low adaptive capacity, 144 (32.0%) have moderate adaptive capacity, while 106 (23.6%) have high adaptive capacity. Moreover, adaptive capacity as a component of vulnerability has immediate policy implications, in that its improvement reduces the sensitivity levels of the paddy farmers to climate change variability. As such, it is important to evolve national climate change adaptation policy that will guide policy makers to address region specific needs of the paddy farmers. The policy options should involve educating young workforce to embrace paddy farming. More extension services to enhance the skill of the old-aged farmers. Provide access to more financial capital for investment in education etc.