Provided is a method for planting halophyte to prevent the erosion of seashore and to recover the ecology of seashore by allowing halophyte to take rooting and to grow rapidly. The method comprises the steps of planting halophyte(2) on the position which is not in contact with sea water so as to allow the trunks of halophyte to be toward land by a certain distance; and installing a sand structure which is formed by planting halophyte on a roll filled with soil or a mat-shaped natural fiber net. The planted halophyte is sloped by 20-80 degrees toward land when the angle of trunk to sky is considered to 0 degree.


Certain thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters containing ca. 10 mol % isophthaloyldiphenyl units provide high molecular weight fibers having the apparently contradictory characteristics of high macromolecular alignment in the axial direction and high initial modulus, coupled with stretchability far beyond levels usual for such materials (up to 40%, versus 2-5%). This phenomenon is defined in terms of copolymer composition, types, and ranges and physical conditions of fiber formation. Experimental observations accord with a model for the nematic melt whereby a significant proportion of the isophtaloyldiphenyl units exist in a resonance-stabilized, 180°-folded conformation which allows the intervening extended, linear segments to adopt good parallel alignment


A medications are associated with cognitive impairment, particularly executive and memory dysfunction in late life.1–5 Little is known as to whether anticholinergics are also associated with cognitive impairment in late midlife. The aim of this study was to investigate the crosssectional associations between anticholinergics and cognitive performance (ie, memory, executive function, visuospatial function, language) in persons aged 50 years and above. We also investigated the impact of APOE ε4 status. We hypothesized that regular anticholinergic use is associated with impaired performance on memory tests, particularly among APOE ε4 carriers; and impaired executive function, which may not be APOE ε4 dependent.


From the 1970's, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flowed into host countries. With the development of economy in host countries the environment deteriorated. The overall goal of this paper is to estimate whether the impacts of FDI positive or negative on environment in host countries. To meet this overall goal, it is constructed a simultaneous system with data of 28 provinces in China (1992-2008). This system supposes the pollution indicators to be determined by economic scale, industrial composition and pollution density of a province, in which pollution density is created to estimate the environmental effect of FDI more exactly than traditional technological character. Also the domestic and foreign capital is tried to distinguish to make the pollution source clear. Based on a panel data of 28 provinces (1992-2008) with the three-stage least squares (3sls) estimator, the results of the system show that with the domestic investment, the environmental effect is positive, which means that FDI increases pollution emission. The direct environmental effect of FDI, which does not include domestic investment, is different decided by various pollution indicators.


The replicator equation is ubiquitous for many areas of mathematical biology. One of major shortcomings of this equation is that it does not allow for an explicit spatial structure. Here we review analytical approaches to include spatial variables to the system. We also provide a concise exposition of the results concerning the appearance of spatial patterns in replicator reaction-diffusion systems.


In this article, the authors attempt to define vehicle safety. They indicate selected elements of passive safety, which in their opinion contribute to a significant reduction in injury to those involved in various road accidents. The goal is to prove the following thesis: Safety is a key aspect of vehicle design. The results obtained during frontal collisions and presented by NHTSA in twelve reports are analysed. Six of these reports are from 1993-1997, the rest are from 2011-2016. In the final part of this work the authors indicate potential ways of developing safety in vehicles.

Keywords: Vehicle safety, crumple zones, passive safety


In this paper, we draw attention to a type of price discrimination that seems to be widespread, but has gone unnoticed by the literature: one based on false mistakes and the heterogeneous cost of complaining. We focus on the hypothetical example case of a bank manager that charges an undue fee from a client's balance, and setup a model of price discrimination. We also devise a test for the detection of such behavior in a setting where the authorities have less information about the clients than the bank manager


A cascadic multigrid method is proposed for the GPE problem based on the multilevel correction scheme. With this new scheme, the ground state eigenvalue problem on the finest space can be solved by smoothing steps on a series of multilevel finite element spaces and some nonlinear eigenvalue problem solving on a very low-dimensional space. Choosing the appropriate sequence of finite element spaces and the number of smoothing steps, the optimal convergence rate with the optimal computational work can be arrived. Some numerical experiments are presented to validate our theoretical analysis.


3-Acylimino-1-methylbenzimidazolium betaines undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with activated alkenes (methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and fumaronitrile) and methyl propiolate to produce 2-substituted 1-methylbenzimidazoles. The transformation involves the initial formation of a 1,3-dipolar cycloadduct followed by the NN bond cleavage. The primary adducts can be isolated from the reaction with methyl acrylate and acrylonitrile.


Over the past year, KeySpan Energy sponsored a research program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) aimed at recycling boiler ash (BA) and waste water treatment sludge (WWTS) byproducts generated from Keyspan's power stations into potentially useful materials, and at reducing concurrent costs for their disposal. Also, KeySpan has an interest in developing strategies to explicitly integrate industrial ecology and green chemistry. From our collaborative efforts with Keyspan (Diane Blankenhom Project Manager, and Kenneth Yager), we succeeded in recycling them into two viable products; Pb-exchange adsorbents (PEAs), and high-performance cements (HpCs). These products were made from chemically bonded cement and ceramic (CBC) materials that were synthesized through two-step chemical reaction pathways, acid-base and hydration. Using this synthesis technology, both the WWTS and BA served in acting as solid base reactants, and sodium polyphosphate, [-(-NaPO{sub 3}-)-{sub n}], known as an intermediator of fertilizer, was employed as the acid solution reactant. In addition, two commercial cement additives, Secar No. 51 calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and Type I calcium silicate cement (CSC), were used to improve mechanical behavior and to promote the rate of acid-base reaction of the CBC materials.


The article discusses the problems of digital construction of university library about tightening up on macro-control, raising the technical level of information processing, renewing the mechanism of internal management and improving the quality of service.


Objective: To: 1)determine the prevalence and incidence of ED in males with T1D enrolled in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complication (EDC) study from 1986 to 2007; 2)identify risk factors for development of ED; 3)identify the development of ED in relation to other markers of neuropathy; and, 4) determine behavioral and cognitive risk factors associated with the development of ED. Design: The EDC was a cohort study of 333 males with T1D: mean age of 27.53years (SD±7.8, range 8.5-47.4); 331 Caucasians and 2 African Americans; and, duration of diabetes of 19.6years (SD±7.5, range 7.7-37.4). Age-specific ED prevalence was determined from baseline (1986-1988) while age-specific incidence was determined from longitudinal data (1988-2007). Results: Prevalence rate was 10.4 %. Thirty-one had ED: mean age of 35.8years (SD±5.3, range 22.9-44.8) and mean duration of diabetes 26.9years (SD±5.9, range 8.1-37.4). Males with prevalent ED did not statistically differ from males without ED in metabolic control (HbA1), education, income, or the current use of ACE or lipid lowering medications. Associated risk factors for the 31 prevalent cases included; CDSP, HDL and BDI score. Incidence rate was 17.78 % (n=54) from 1989-2007 with a mean age of 40.61years (SD±5.9, range 26.7-60.8) and mean duration of diabetes of 32.54years (SD±5.88, range 20.9-51-9). Mean HbA1 was 10.68% (SD±2.19). Associated risk factors for the 54 incident cases included; CDSP, nonHDL cholesterol, and BDI score. E/I Ratio was significant (p<.01) at the time of the event, but not in the preceding event cycle (p=.18). CDSP was significant (p<.01) in the preceding cycle to ED development and at the time of event (p<.01). For the repeated measure analysis, CDSP was significant in the preceding cycle to the ED development but not at the time of the event. The following differences were found between those with and without ED: knowledge of diabetes (p=.04); self-management (p=.10); and, perception of severity (p=.08). However no significant difference was found between the two groups for self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: CDSP, HDL, nonHDL and total BDI score were risk factors for development of ED in males with T1D. Therefore, these should be assessed for frequently in males with T1D.


In this paper, the authors report a way to use concepts from statistical learning to gain an advantage in terms of error exponents while communicating over a discrete memoryless channel. The study utilizes the simulation capability of the scientific computing package MATLAB to show that the proposed decoding method performs better than the traditional method of joint typicality decoding. The advantage is secured by modifying the traditional specification of what constitutes a decoding error. This is justified by the paradigm, also used in the program of `utilizing' noisy feedback, that one ought not to declare a condition as an error if some further processing can extract useful information from it.


Bayes' linear analysis and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) are techniques commonly used in the Bayesian analysis of complex models. In this article, we connect these ideas by demonstrating that regression-adjustment ABC algorithms produce samples for which first- and second-order moment summaries approximate adjusted expectation and variance for a Bayes' linear analysis. This gives regression-adjustment methods a useful interpretation and role in exploratory analysis in high-dimensional problems. As a result, we propose a new method for combining high-dimensional, regression-adjustment ABC with lower-dimensional approaches (such as using Markov chain Monte Carlo for ABC). This method first obtains a rough estimate of the joint posterior via regression-adjustment ABC, and then estimates each univariate marginal posterior distribution separately in a lower-dimensional analysis. The marginal distributions of the initial estimate are then modified to equal the separately estimated marginals, thereby providing an improved estimate of the joint posterior. We illustrate this method with several examples. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.


Eucalyptus camaldulensis is a rich source of bioactive essential oil with extensive application in folk medicine. Leaves of the plant are rich in phenolic and flavonoid content with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In this study, leaves of E. camaldulensis were extracted and the aqueous and ethanol fractions were obtained. The antimicrobial activities of the ethanol and aqueous fractions showed minimum inhibitory concentrations range of 16–64 and 158–316 µg/ml, respectively. Antioxidant assay indicated better activity for the aqueous fraction with IC50 of 7.07 and 17.96 µg/ml for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Folin–Ciocalteu and AlCl3 assays revealed a total phenolic content of 9.04±0.26 and 3.58±0.04 mg GAE/mg fraction and total flavonoid content of 2.07 ± 0.02 and 3.37±0.05 mg QE/mg fraction for aqueous and ethanol fractions, respectively. At sub-inhibitory concentrations Listeriolysin O induced RBC haemolysis was reduced by 63–98% and 6–92% after treatment with aqueous and ethanol fractions, respective. Cell studies on Caco-2 human colon cells revealed that at sub-toxic concentrations, H2O2 induced toxicity was ameliorated by 8–23% and 15–83% by aqueous and ethanol fractions, respectively. In addition, H2O2 induced oxidative stress measured using Griess assay showed a reduction in nitrite production of 4–17 and 3–14 µM for aqueous and ethanol fractions, respectively. The study reveals that phytochemical fractions of E. camaldulensis possess multiple bioactivity and can be explored as preservative, or functional additive in food.


one of the simplest numerical integration method which provides a large saving in computational efforts, is the well known one-point Gauss quadrature which is widely used for 4 nodes quadrilateral elements. On the other hand, the biggest disadvantage to one-point integration is the need to control the zero energy modes, called hourglassing modes, which arise. The efficiency of four different anti-hourglassing approaches, Flanagan (elastic approach), Dyna3d, Hansbo and Liu have been investigated. The first two approaches have been used in 2 and 3-D explicit codes and the latters have been employed in 2-D implicit codes. For 2-D explicit codes, the computational time was reduced by 55% and 60% for elastic and Dyna3d, respectively. However, for 3-D codes the reduction was dependent on the number of elements and was obtained between 50% and 70%. Also, the error due to the application of elastic methods was less than that for Dyna3d when the results were compared with those obtained from 2-points Gauss quadrature. Nevertheless, the convergence occurred more rapidly and the oscillations were damped out more quickly for Dyna3d approach. For implicit codes, the anti-hourglassing methods had no effect on the computations and therefore a 2-points Gauss quadrature is recommended for implicit codes as it provide the results more accurately.


Objective To study the expression of γσ TCR
expression in SLE and tumor patients. Methods Included 30 healthy subjects, 35 SLE Patients
and 30 tumour patients. Among these patients, γσ TCR in PBMC and TIL were determined by
flow cytometry.Results γσ TCR positive cells were detected not only in the controls (6.62%
±2.10%) but also in the SLE patients (21.35%±64%) and the tumour patients (10.47%±6.01%).
CD4+γσ cells and CD8+γσ+cells in the SLE and tumor patients were signficantly higher
than that in normal controls.Conclusions It is possible that γσ TCR cells have dual functions
of CD4 and CD8.


An interconnected line structure of IC, which contains a substrate and transistor elements layer covered on it, a first intermediate dielectric medium layer formed and covered on said transistor elements layer, an etched layer covered on said first intermediate dielectric medium layer, a metal contained conductive structure located in first intermediate dielectric medium layer, a metal layer coupled to said conductive structure, a passivation layer covered on said metal layer, a air gap layer coupled to the part between passivation layer and metal layer and permitting part of metal layer independent, part of said air gap layer can be filled with silicon which contains nano particle and can be oxidized at low temperature, said oxidation layer provides mechanical support and low K dielectric medium property, part of said air gap layer also can be filled with low K dielectric medium material.


Linking diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy is proposed here for better elucidation and prediction of the reservoir quality of paralic and shallow-marine sandstones. The employment of this approach is possible because parameters, which are relevant for post-depositional alterations of reservoir quality of sandstones, can be obtained from sequence stratigraphic analyses, i.e. changes in the rates of relative sea level changes and sediment supply. These parameters include: (i) pore-water chemistry (marine, meteoric and brackish), (ii) detrital composition, particularly regarding the proportion of intra-basinal grains (e.g., mud intraclasts, bioclasts, and glaucony), (iii) residence time of sediments under certain geochemical conditions, (iv) amounts and types of organic matter, and (v) degree of bioturbation. Establishment of the links between diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy will thus enhance the assessment and prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution, volume, texture, and composition of the near-surface diagenetic alterations within: (i) lowstand, transgressive, highstand and falling-stage (forced regressive wedge) systems tracts, and (ii) in the vicinity of key sequence stratigraphic surfaces that include marine-flooding surfaces (i.e., parasequence boundaries), transgressive surfaces, maximum-flooding surfaces , and sequence boundaries, because these surfaces record rapid changes in the relative sea level, and hence marked changes in the five parameters outlined above. These near-surface diagenetic alterations will constrain, and thus allow the prediction of reservoir quality evolution pathways of deeply buried sandstones, such as tight gas reservoirs. Integrating diagenesis into sequence stratigraphy can, in some cases, aid stratigraphic correlation and the recognition of major sequence stratigraphic surfaces and eventually systems tracts.


Soybean sprout is an important food ingredient in East Asian cuisine. Soybean growth is highly sensitive to temperature and photoperiod. Thus, it is important to determine the optimal base temperature for an accurate yield prediction. The optimal base temperature can be varied by cultivars. In this study, six soybean sprout cultivars that are commonly grown in Korea were planted in South Jeolla province, South Korea between 2003 and 2018. Data on phenology were collected from the field and used to determine the optimal base temperature for each cultivar. As a result, variations of optimal base temperatures of cultivars ranged from 0 °C to 15 °C. In simulation, three plant parameter sets, including Soy15, Soy6, and Soy0, were created. Soy15, Soy6, and Soy0 represented soybean cultivars with base temperatures of 15 °C, 6 °C, and 0 °C, respectively. In simulation results, the values of percent bias were under 15%, indicating that the Agricultural Land Management Alternative with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) could reasonably simulate soybean yields. Among these three cultivars, Soy15 had the smallest yield, while Soy6 had the highest yield. In climate change scenarios (SSP245 and SSP585), both maximum and minimum temperatures were increased by 1–3.3 °C. With increasing temperatures in the future period, grain yields for all cultivars decreased. The yield reduction might be because the high temperature shortened the length of growth period of the soybeans. Among the three cultivars, Soy6 was a promising cultivar that could have a high yield under climate change scenarios.


Title: The relationship of serum interleukin-13 to asthma control in a sample of Nigerian asthmatics. Background: Asthma control is the main goal of asthma management and interleukin-13 (IL-13) has a major role in Th2 response that is characteristic of allergic asthma. Aim: We aimed to investigate the correlation between serum IL-13 and asthma control as measured by asthma control test (ACT) scores, hypothesizing that serum IL-13 would correlate inversely with ACT scores. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in which 82 consecutive stable asthmatics ( mean age 44.3±16.3 years, 59 females) in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria were recruited. All subjects had assessment of asthma control by ACT, spirometry, skin prick test and serum IL-13 assay by a commercial ELISA kit. Correlation between ACT scores and serum IL-13 was assessed by spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: The median (IQR) ACT score was 18(13-22) and median serum IL-13 was 4.0(3.3-4.4) pg/ml. Out of the 82 subjects, 49(59.8%) had uncontrolled asthma (ACT≤20). Serum IL-13 correlated inversely with ACT, rho= -0.218, p=0.025. The serum IL -13 median (IQR) concentration did not differ significantly between non atopic 4.1(3.7-4.4)pg/ml and atopic 3.8(3.2-4.4)pg/ml; p=0.159 asthmatics as measured by skin prick test. Conclusion: Serum IL-13 may be a useful biomarker to assess asthma control in Nigerian asthmatics.


Acknowledgments Note on Translations Introduction 1. Zarlino: Instituting Knowledge in the Time of Correspondences 2. The Representation of Order: Perception and the Early Modern Subject in Descartes's Compendium musicae 3. The Complicity of the Imagination: Representation, Subject, and System in Rameau 4. Gottfried Weber and Mozart's K. 465: The Contents and Discontents of the Listening Subject Epilogue Glossary of Greek Terms Notes Bibliography Index


In the last 20 years urban streetcar rail circulators have been developed across the United States to fulfill various roles in transportation and economic development. One thing that has been common among all of these streetcar systems has been that the institutional structures used to fund, implement, and operate these streetcars have not been the typical structures that are used for Federal Transit Administration (FTA)-type projects. Following discussions with the industry through the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Streetcar Subcommittee, the Community Streetcar Coalition, FTA, and many project sponsors it became clear that there was no clear model for implementation of a streetcar project. Also, FTA faced some challenges in applying its standard project development process to streetcar projects, particularly with regard to how FTA holds grantees accountable for the liability ("federal interest") for a grant. The authors determined—in conjunction with the members of the APTA Streetcar Subcommittee, with collaboration from the Community Streetcar Coalition and FTA—that these factor warranted investigation and could inform future policy making. The best methodology was determined to be a survey of all of the streetcar projects across the United States that either are in planning, development, or implementation, or are currently in operation. This paper is intended to provide the status of the research to date as of the drafting of this paper, given that the research is ongoing and may lead to additional conclusions. The methodology of the research is to conduct a national survey of all streetcar projects and to summarize the results. From these results the investigators will draw observations and preliminary findings. Using the APTA Streetcar Subcommittee, the staff of the Community Streetcar Coalition, and the FTA, the investigators will publish observations and potential areas of policy development that may assist in the implementation of current and future streetcar projects. It is intended that this research will primarily focus on three areas: to act as an introduction or preamble to the efforts of the APTA Streetcar Subcommittee to develop a Guide to the Implementation of Modern Streetcar Vehicles, to assist APTA in engaging with all of the nontraditional institutions getting involved with rail transit (through its Urban Circulator program), and to assist FTA in engaging with nontraditional grantees and other institutional arrangements engaging in federally funded rail transit project development. This paper summarizes the responses to date, primarily through observations of trends with future publications and updates that will provide additional information and analysis as the survey is completed.


Random dynamical systems can be generated by stochastic differential equations (sde) on the one hand, and by random differential equations (rde), i.e. randomly parametrized ordinary differential equations on the other hand. Due to conflicting concepts in stochastic calculus and ergodic theory, asymptotic problems for systems associated with sde are harder to treat. We show that both objects are basically identical, modulo a stationary coordinate change (cohomology) on the state space. This observation opens completely new opportunities for the treatment of asymptotic problems for systems related to sde: just study them for the conjugate rde, which is often possible by simple path-by-path classical arguments. This is exemplified for the problem of local linearization of random dynamical systems, the classical analogue of which leads to the Hartman–Grobman theorem.


The separation of atomic vapours was investigated by sequential metal vapour elution analysis (>1500 °C) with a packed column and argon or argon–hydrogen as the carrier gas. The detector was an atomic absorption spectrometer. The column was a molybdenum capillary tube (i.d. 1.22 mm) packed with tungsten powder. Manganese, Ag and Na vapours were separated from Cu and Fe at column temperatures of 1600 and 1700 °C. The retention times for Mn, Ag, and Na in argon and hydrogen carriers were 2.1, 7.7 and 12.6 s, respectively, at a column temperature of 1600 °C. The detection limits were 34 pg for Mn, 1.0 ng for Ag and 25 pg for Na.


A new preparation process is developed for alumina ceramic nanopowder, i.e. the vacuum freeze-drying process. With alumina sulfate taken as inexpensive raw material and alumina acetate as precursor, the process can provide the alumina nanopowder of which the average sizeis 10~20 nm. Describes the reactions of preparation and decomposition of the precursor used and the whole experimental process including preparing the precursor solution, freezing, drying, calcination and specimen testing. Discusses theoretically and experimentally the effects of the selection of precursor, solution's concentration, freezing rate and the freeze-drying process on the quality of the nanopowder prepared.


The Westinghouse AP600 plant is one of a number of new reactor plant concepts being proposed by industry. One of the unique design features of the AP600 plant is the method by which the containment is cooled during a reactor accident. Through the passive containment cooling system (PCCS), the containment steel shell is passively cooled by natural convection of air and by water film evaporation from the shell exterior surface. In this study an analysis of the AP600 plant was conducted for postulated design basis accident (DBA) and severe accident scenarios using the NRC containment code CONTAIN2 with new code enhancements to model water film transport and evaporation on the exterior of the containment shell.


This is a theoretical work for the characterization of homogeneous chemical reactions coupled to a reversible electrode process and analyzed by Additive Differential Pulse Voltammetry at spherical electrodes or microelectrodes. Explicit analytical expressions are presented for the CE and EC mechanisms valid for spherical electrodes of any radius and fast chemical reactions. These enable us to easily and rapidly analyze the response of these mechanisms even under very strong kinetic conditions. The ADPV technique proves to be very useful in the identification of the reaction mechanism and the characterization of the coupled chemical reaction by means of the values of the peak currents and E mechanism C mechanism inetic steady state icroelectrodes potentials and the crossing potential, which can be measured with good accuracy from several ADPV experiments with different pulse heights. Simple criteria are given for discrimination between different situations where the electrode process is coupled to a homogeneous chemical reaction and, what is more difficult, to distinguish between an EC mechanism and an irreversible charge transfer process. Moreover, direct procedures for quantitative determination of kinetic and thermodynamic information are established.


From the analytical data of commercial polyoxyethylene (POE) sorbitan fatty acid esters, Tweens (ATLAS POWDER Co., USA), author studied the constitutions of sorbitan fatty acid esters used as raw material and amount of ethyleneoxide (EO) added.Based on these results, various POE sorbitan fatty acid esters were synthesized. Addition-polymerization of EO was performed in an autoclave, whereby reaction temperature was optimum at about 130140°C. As the catalyst of polymerization, CH3ONa, remained in the raw sorbitan fatty acid esters as the catalyst of esterification, was satisfactory without further addition of new catalyst.Analytical figures of sorbitan fatty acid esters used as the raw material and amount of EO added (expressed as "times by weight" of raw sorbitan fatty acid esters) were as follows : sorbitan monolaurate with saponification value (S.V.) 160 and hydroxyl value (OH.V.) 360 as the analytical result, 2.5 times of EO; sorbitan monopalmitate (S.V. 150, OH.V. 270), 2.1 times EO; sorbitan monostearate (S.V. 145150, OH.V. 260270), 2.1 and 0.5 times EO; sorbitan tristearate (S.V. 175180, OH.V. 90100), equal weight of EO; sorbitan monooleate (S.V. 150, OH.V. 220230), 2.2 and 0.5 times of EO; sorbitan trioleate (S.V. 175180, OH.V. 80), equal weight of EO. Reaction products obtained were nearly equal to the analytical data of Tween 20, 40, 60, 61, 65, 80, 81 and 85 respectively.


Microscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models can be used for wind resource assessment on complex terrains. These models generally assume neutral atmospheric stratification, an assumption that can lead to inaccurate modeling results and to large uncertainties at certain sites. We propose a methodology for wind resource evaluation based on unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier‐Stokes (URANS) simulations of diurnal cycles including the effect of thermal stratification. Time‐dependent boundary conditions are generated by a 1D precursor to drive 3D diurnal cycle simulations for a given geostrophic wind direction sector. Time instants of the cycle representative of four thermal stability regimes are sampled within diurnal cycle simulations and combined with masts time series to obtain the wind power density (WPD). The methodology has been validated on a complex site instrumented with seven met masts. The WPD spatial distribution is in good agreement with observations with the mean absolute error improving 17.1% with respect to the neutral stratification assumption.


Simple Summary The citrus fruit borer has become one of the main pests in citrus orchards in Brazil, possibly due to biological imbalances caused by multiple insecticide applications. This pest is managed with insecticides, but studies indicate a potential use of Trichogramma atopovirilia to control its eggs. In this way, we evaluated the selectivity of new products that could eventually be used in the Brazilian citrus orchards on T. atopovirilia. Among the products tested, spinetoram was considered harmful. Cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, and the entomopathogenic fungi Cordyceps fumosorosea were considered selective and non-persistent to the parasitoid. Abstract In Brazil, the citrus fruit borer, Gymnandrosoma aurantianum Lima, 1927, is a serious pest in orange orchards, causing an annual loss of 80 million US dollars, and is managed with multiple insecticide applications, often 56 in a single season. On the other hand, the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, 1983 has the potential for controlling G. aurantianum by attacking its eggs. Considering the intensive insecticide applications in citrus orchards in Brazil to control the large complex of pests, especially Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908, evaluation of the harmful effects of insecticides on T. atopovirilia is important to maximize efficiency in managing G. aurantianum. Here, we tested the effects of new products used in citrus orchards (cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, spinetoram, flupyradifure, and Cordyceps fumosorosea (Wize) Kepler, B. Shrestha & Spatafora) on adults and pupae of T. atopovirilia. Of the insecticides tested, spinetoram caused the highest impacts on T. atopovirilia parasitism, longevity, emergence, and mortality. The other products caused more sublethal than lethal effects and were classified as 1 and/or 2 in the IOBC/WPRS classification. Abamectin, cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, and the entomopathogenic fungus C. fumosorosea were classified as short-lived. Except for spinetoram, these products were classified as selective. In this study, spinetoram was considered harmful to T. atopovirilia and, therefore, should be managed carefully in IPM programs combining this parasitoid. In order to safely use this insecticide, one should respect the interval of release of the parasitoid, which is 21 days after its spraying. The novel products tested, cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, and the entomopathogenic fungi C. fumosorosea were selective and non-persistent to T. atopovirilia. These products are possible replacements for non-selective insecticides to achieve higher control from both chemical and biological tools.


54 AMMONIUM SALTS OF POLYMALEIC (56) References Cited ACDS, AND THEIR USE AS CORROSION INHIBITORs IN MINERAL OLS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,962, 104 6/1976 Swietlik et al. ..................... 252/39 o 4,018,702 4/1977 Boffardi et al. ..... ... 252/389 A (75 Inventors: Sandelwigshafen 4,079,012 3/1978 Bosniack ............................. 252/402 arl Stork, Lamperheim; 4,105,581 8/1978 Sexsmith ..... 252/389 A Hans-Henning Vogel, Frankenthal; 4,260,724 4/1981 Perner et al. ....................... 526/229 Erich Schwartz, Ludwigshafen; Claus P. Jakob, Viernheim, all of FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Fed. Rep. of Germany 2806342 8/1978 Fed. Rep. of Germany. 252/389 A 1349769 4/1974 United Kingdom ........... 252/389 A : sch (73) Assignee PSEAtts, of Primary Examiner-Natalie Trousof Germany y Assistant Examiner-Raymond Covington Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Oblon, Fisher, Spivak, 21 Appl. No.: 306,765 McClelland & Maier 57 ABSTRACT 22 Filed: Sep. 29, 1981 Salts of polymaleic acids, having molecular weights of from 200 to 1,500, with amines, of the formula (30) Foreign Application Priority Data


Through analysis of the history of the American revolution in Georgia, this study presents a thorough examination of how landownership issues complicated and challenged the loyalties of the colonists.


A PROJECT SUMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH) IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION WITH COMPUTER SCIENCE OPTION.
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION,
SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION,
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA,
NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.


The article documents some of the transformations to the women's movement in India in the post-independence period. Given the empirical and ideological centrality of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) in the terrain of Indian feminism, the article focuses on dominant feminist responses to 'NGOization' in the form of critiques of the alleged cooption and professionalization of the women's movement and the loss of political autonomy, a key ideal amongst Indian feminists. As a response to these criticisms, I suggest that there is a need to go beyond the 'NGOization paradigm' in evaluating a new feminist landscape, especially after the Delhi rape of 2012. 'NGOisation' offers limited conceptual tools to make sense of the present moment if not entirely hiding from view the political possibilities that it offers for feminist reflection and (re)mobilization.


June 28, 2010, will be the third anniversary of Leegin Creative Leather Prods. Inc. v. PSKS Inc., 551 U.S. 877 (2007), the Supreme Court's controversial decision in which it reversed earlier case law holding resale price maintenance (or RPM) agreements to be per se violations of the antitrust laws, thereby leaving such agreements subject to rule of reason analysis. Despite nearly three years under Leegin, at least in federal courts, per se treatment of RPM is still alive and kicking—not only in Congress but also in some of the states with the most significant economies in our country.


Systemic anti‐cytokine therapies have been unsuccessful in preventing mortality from gram‐negative bacteremia in humans partly because of the failure to neutralize pro‐inflammatory cytokines at sites of exaggerated production. In an attempt to deliver anti‐inflammatory cytokines to organs directly, gene transfer was employed. Thirty‐six BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with cationic liposomes containing plasmids encoding the human interleukin‐4 (hIL‐4) or IL‐13 gene. Both, hIL‐4 and hIL‐13 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis in the liver and the spleen of the animals. Fourty‐eight hours after the in vivo gene transfer, these 36 mice and 18 mock‐transfected mice, were challenged with a lethal dose of E. coli lipopolysaccharide with D‐galactosamine (D‐GalN). Gene transfer with hIL‐4 reduced the serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production in response to endotoxin/D‐GalN by 80 % from 113.1 pg/ml in mock‐transfected animals to 22.2 pg/ml ( p < 0.05); human IL‐13 gene transfer reduced serum TNF‐α levels by 90 % (113.1 pg/ml to 11.6 pg/ml; p < 0.05). Survival was improved from 20 % to over 83 % in both treatment groups ( p < 0.001). Our data demonstrate a potent in vivo anti‐inflammatory action of both IL‐4 and IL‐13. In addition, the immune functions of peritoneal macrophages are significantly ameliorated in both treatment groups, with IL‐13 demonstrating better macrophage immune modulation than IL‐4 ( p < 0.05).


Measurements of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and the density profile in the near cathode region are given. Diagnostics were performed with Langmuir probes, a magnet spectrometric set-up and a 140 GHz microwave interferometer. The gas flow through the cathode was kept constant, while the pressure varied.


Thermal-hydraulic system computer codes are extensively used worldwide for analysis of nuclear facilities by utilities, regulatory bodies, nuclear power plant designers and vendors, nuclear fuel companies, research organizations, consulting companies, and technical support organizations. The computer code user represents a source of uncertainty that can influence the results of system code calculations. This influence is commonly known as the 'user effect' and stems from the limitations embedded in the codes as well as from the limited capability of the analysts to use the codes. Code user training and qualification is an effective means for reducing the variation of results caused by the application of the codes by different users. This paper describes a systematic approach to training code users who, upon completion of the training, should be able to perform calculations making the best possible use of the capabilities of best estimate codes. In other words, the program aims at contributing towards solving the problem of user effect. The 3D S.UN.COP (Scaling, Uncertainty and 3D COuPled code calculations) seminars have been organized as follow-up of the proposal to IAEA for the Permanent Training Course for System Code Users. Nine seminars have been held at University of Pisa (two in 2004), at The Pennsylvania State University (2004), at the University of Zagreb (2005), at the School of Industrial Engineering of Barcelona (January-February 2006), in Buenos Aires, Argentina (October 2006), requested by Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN), Nucleoelectrica Argentina S.A (NA-SA) and Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), at the College Station, Texas A&M, (January-February 2007), in Hamilton and Niagara Falls, Ontario (October 2007) requested by Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL), Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS) and Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC), in Petten, The Netherlands (October 2008) in cooperation with the Institute of Energy of the Joint Research Center of the European Commission (IE-JRC-EC). It was recognized that such courses represented both a source of continuing education for current code users and a mean for current code users to enter the formal training structure of a proposed 'permanent' stepwise approach to user training. The 3D S.UN.COP 2008 at IE-JRC was successfully held with the attendance of 35 participants coming from more than 10 countries and 20 different institutions (universities, vendors and national laboratories). More than 30 scientists (coming from more than 10 countries and 20 different institutions) were involved in the organization of the seminar, presenting theoretical aspects of the proposed methodologies and holding the training and the final examination. A certificate (LA Code User grade) was released to participants that successfully solved the assigned problems. A tenth seminar will be held (October 2009) at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Amsterdam (Sweden), involving more than 30 scientists between lectures and code developers (http://dimnp.ing.unipi.it/3dsuncop/2009/index.html ).Copyright © 2009 by ASME


After the establishment of the national health insurance (NHI) in Taiwan, the ecology of the medical care industry significantly changes in many ways, such as patients' easy access to hospitals, and their decreased payables for medical treatments through the NHI payments, as well as their attention of patient rights. All the above shifts cause patients' increasing quarrels with doctors against medical treatments. Consequently, the doctor-patient relationship becomes a critical issue. Inspired by many researches focusing on the effect of customer trust on satisfaction, we propose a cross level framework to test the relationship between doctor professional competence and patient satisfaction with trust serving as a mediator. Our findings indicate that a complete mediation effect exists, implying that doctor competence indirectly affect patient satisfaction through trust. It is therefore suggested that a doctor attempting to promote patient satisfaction should not only learn and demonstrate more professional skills, but also build patient trust by treating patients carefully and affectionately _____________________________________________________________________


A case study (with involvement of the author in various observational settings and many subjects) leads to confirmation of the general link between schizophrenia and traumatic brain injury that was already underlined in the existing literature. The effects of the welfare State conceal the core idea that schizophrenia can hence be healed radically because the existence of monetary incomes for people suffering of mental disease triggers an incentive to self-contaminate and maintain the state of dereliction of the brain instead of actually contributing to society. This case study allows to prove that second statement and to confirm as well general demands of French economist Jacques Rueff. The issue of marijuana risks is also discussed, confirming the dangers of marijuana (THC, THCa only) in a situation in which the brain is contaminated.


A simple method for direct and quantitative determination of carbendazim using electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modi fi ed glassy carbon electrode (ERGO/GCE) has been developed. The obtained electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Compared to bare and graphene oxide modi fi ed electrodes (GO/GCE), the ERGO/GCE not only signi fi cantly shifted to a lower positive potential, but also noticeably enhanced the current response. The resulting carbendazim sensor showed a wide linear range (2.0nM to 400nM) and a low detection limit (1.0nM). In addition, the proposed sensor has excellent selectivity, good stability and can be successfully applied in soil sample. The ERGO, which was obtained by facile, cost-effective method, could provide a promising platform to develop excellent electrochemical sensors for detecting carbendazim.


One of the problems that is getting the spotlight and giving rise to public concern today is the emergence of various forms of negative behavior among our students. This study describes the study of the implementation of character education for students in several Indramayu Madrasahs. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method, because this research aims to get an in-depth picture. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that in Islam education is not only a process transfer knowledge from teacher to student. Education in Islam is also accompanied by exemplary efforts (Qudwah) of educators in the formation of the character of students. Madrasas as educational institutions must implement character development integrated into subjects, self-development, and Madrasah culture. The learning principles used in the development of national culture and character education strive for students to know and accept cultural values and national character as their own and be responsible for the decisions they make through the stages of recognizing choices, assessing choices, making decisions, and then making a decision. values according to self-confidence.


BACKGROUND
 There is much evidence to implement physical activity interventions for medical reasons in healthcare settings. However, the prescription of physical activity as a treatment, referring to as 'Exercise is medicine' (E=M) is currently mostly absent in routine hospital care in The Netherlands.

 OBJECTIVE
 To support E=M prescription by clinicians in hospitals, this study aimed: (1) to develop an E=M-tool for tailored physical activity advice and referrals to facilitate the E=M prescription in hospital settings; and (2) to provide an E=M decision guide on key decisions to prepare for E=M prescription in hospital care.

 METHODS
 A mixed method design was used employing a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews with clinicians, lifestyle coaches and hospital managers, a patient panel and stakeholders to assess the needs regarding an E=M-tool and key decisions in the implementation of an E=M-tool. Based on the needs assessment, a digital E=M-tool was developed. The key decisions informed the development of an E=M decision guide.

 RESULTS
 An online supportive tool for E=M was developed for two hospitals. Based on the needs assessment, two slightly different versions of an E=M-tool were developed, linked to the different patients' electronic medical records and tailored to the two local settings (University Medical Centre Groningen, Amsterdam University Medical Centres). The E=M-tool existed of a tool algorithm, including patient characteristics assessed with a digital questionnaire (age, gender, PA, BMI, medical diagnosis, motivation to change physical activity, and preference to discuss physical activity with their doctor) set against norm values. The digital E=M-tool provided an individual tailored E=M-prescription for patients and referral options to local PA experts in- and outside the hospital. An E=M decision guide was developed to support the implementation of E=M prescription in hospital care.

 CONCLUSIONS
 This study provided insight into E=M-tool development and the E=M decision-making to support E=M prescription and facilitate tailoring towards local E=M treatment options, using strong stakeholder participation. Outcomes may serve as an example for other decision support guides and interventions aimed at E=M implementation.

 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT
 RR2-10.2196/19397


The tourism sector is vital for the development of small island developing states. However, climate change can negatively impact on tourism demand and affect these economies both on the economic and social level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between climate change and tourism demand in 20 small island developing states (SIDS) from 1995 to 2015. Using panel autoregressive distributed lag model based on two alternative estimators such as mean group estimator (MG) and pooled mean group (PMG), it was found that there is a significant relationship between climate change and tourism demand in the long-run for the selected SIDS. Further analysis of the results shows a bi directional causality between tourism demand and real GDP.


The aim of this study was to analyze the contribution factors (backfat thickness, eye muscle area, carcass weight, marbling score, and feeding period) affecting meat unit price (South-Korean Won / Kg of meat). The best slaughtering age to maximize unit price was also assumed. All data used in this study were acquired from the Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation from 2010 to 2014. Contributions to the estimated unit price of cows by the following factors, backfat thickness, eye muscle area, carcass weights, feeding period, and marbling score were 2.65%, 0.04%, 1.58%, 1.58%, and 95.72%, respectively. Contribution to estimated unit price of steers by the same factors (backfat thickness, eye muscle area, carcass weights, feeding period, and marbling score) were 7.88%, 1.24%, 0.07%, 90.81%, and 95.72%, respectively. Slaughtering ages ranged from 26 to 36 months and the data were separated into each month for an 11 month period. The unit price of meat from Hanwoo slaughtered at 30 months was highest among groups. The lowest unit price was observed in the group belonging to the Hanwoo slaughtered at 36 months. In conclusion, of all contributing factors, marbling score affected unit price the most. Based on our results, it is recommended that the optimal slaughtering age be set at 30 months to maximize unit price. Moreover, the feeding of beef cattle past 30 months of age is not recommended because of the increase in feeding costs.


Hall's Critical Decisions in Periodontology, Fifth Edition, is designed to guide students and practitioners in applying their decision-making knowledge in a structured and logical manner whether in diagnosis, treatment selections and options, procedures in various treatments, or evaluating outcomes. This text is organised by clinical problems, all designed to help you make on-target decisions for optimal outcomes. Formerly called Decision Making in Periodontology, this text provides new techniques on periodontal therapy are presented. The contributors to the text represent both north American and international thinking.


The research has aim to examine the aspect validity of literary competance on the instrument test of the odd semester final examination in academic year 2012/2013 grade VII of the state junior high school in West Ngawi Region. The research was descriptive qualitative research, which related to the validity test of the instrument test item in the final examination. The data ceollected then analized of its validity by using the four language competence i.e. listening, speaking, reading, dan writing, and also analized based on its accordance level to the literary basic competence. The validity type which used on the research was the content validity which did not involve the statistic calculation at all except the rational analysis. The result data of the validity test was the qualitative data, i.e. the description of validity test to the odd semester final instrument test of state junior high school grade VII in academic year 2012/2013. The result of the research showed that the literary instrument test were more dominant on the writing competance aspect. It is proof on the presence of tendency to include the other competence (such as listening competence) in the writing activity. Furthermore, on the writing basic competence, the ways to demonstrate to the students were more efficient and varies so that the instrument was appropriate to be applied. On the literary aspect of instrument test, there was one of the basic competence which did not included to the instrument test, i.e. basic competence of 8.2 rewrite the fairytale using the own language of the fairytale which had ever read or listened. As the research forward, this basic competence do not listed on the literary aspect of the instrument test.


Three species of agarophytes (Gracilaria changii, G. mamlaensis and Gradlariopsis bailinae) collected along the mud flats of Iloilo were investigated to determine the monthly variation in agar yield (%), gel strength (gem""), gelling and melting temperatures (°C) and sulfate content ^gmg")· Results show that Gracilariopsis bailinae collected at Zarraga gave a higher gel strength (784 g cm") than that collected at Estancia (637 g cm"), however, the latter gave a higher agar yield (22%). A year-round source of agar was demonstrated in G. bailinae in both places while Gracilaria changii (January to June) and G. manilaensis (April to June) were seasonal. Higher agar yield and gel strength were measured from G. changii than in G. manilaensis. Gradlariopsis bailinae showed agar qualities superior to those of the two other species, hence it is a good species to harvest and develop for mariculture and consequently for agar manufacture.


In this paper,quantum chemistry parameters such as the geometric structure,frontier orbital energy,atomic net charge and Mulliken bond order of phosphate anime salts and phosphonic anime salts had been calculated on the B3LYP/6-31g level.The absorptive interaction energies between additive molecule and iron atomic clusters Fe1,Fe4(2,2),Fe5(4,1) on(100) face were studied by B3LYP/Lanl1mb and atomic absorption models.The calculation indicated that their property of extremely-pressure(EP) and anti-wear property(AW) are closely related to their geometry structure,frontier orbital energy,atomic net charge and Mulliken bond order.For P-N agents,they absorb vertically on the surface of iron atomic cluster by P1,N5,N14,and the adsorptive system of N14-Fe4 has the largest interaction energy.The results showed that both phosphate anime salts and phosphonic anime salts are excellent extremely-pressure(EP) and anti-wear(AW) agents,but extremely-pressure property of phosphate anime salts is better than that of phosphonic anime salts,and anti-wear(AW) property of phosphonic anime is better than that of phosphate anime salts.The calculated results are consistent with experimental ones.


High energy density lithium battery has been developed for automotive application such as HEV and PHEV. High energy density is very demanding feature for automotive application because it allows compactness, light-weight, and low cost advantages. In general, as energy density increases, the power density and the life of battery decreases and the safety risk increases. However, the developed high energy density battery in SK Energy shows very high power capability, increased life, and high safety. Especially for PHEV application, the high power capability is even more important. The durability of unit cell and battery system was demonstrated through the harsh cycle test patterns.


l.r. spectra of the amino stretching vibration bands (νNH) of 2-(4-substituted anilino)-5-nitropyridines with substituents NMe2(1), NH2, OH, OMe, Me, H (6), Cl (7), Br (8), CO2Et, CN, and NO2(11) were measured in CCl4, CHCl3, and CH2Cl2 solutions. The crystal structures of (1), (6), (7) and (11) were determined; (1) and (6) contain the E-isomer and (7) and (11) contain the Z-isomer. The νNH bands at lower and higher wavenumbers, νNHI and νNHh, were assigned respectively to νNH of the E- and Z-isomer coexisting at equilibrium (E⇆Z) in solution. For the respective solvents, the free energy difference (ΔG°) estimated from the intensity ratio νNHh:νNHl decreases linearly as the substituent σ constant increases in order from (1) to (11); the predominant form in solution of (1) is E and of (11) is Z. This agrees with the results of an i.r. study on the crystals of (1)–(11), i.e. that (1)–(6) are crystallized in the E-form (non-planar) and (7)–(11) are crystallized in the Z-form (planar). The differences between the total energies of the isomers (ΔEtot) for (1)–(11), excluding (8), were calculated by the CNDO/2 method. The linear relation of ΔEtotversusσ was considered to be representative of that of ΔG° obtained for each solvent versusσ, taking into account the dielectric effect of the solvent on it. The energy terms governing the change in ΔEtot were selected to reveal important factors controlling the equilibrium, and the resonance and Coulombic interaction energies were attended. The substituent effect on the νNHl and νNHh frequencies were also investigated.


To study the ground state of ANNNI chain under transverse field as a function of frustration parameter κ and field strength Γ, we present here two different perturbative analyses. In one, we consider the (known) ground state at κ = 0 . 5 and Γ = 0 as the unperturbed state and treat an increase of the field from 0 to Γ coupled with an increase of κ from 0.5 to 0 . 5 + r Γ as perturbation. The first order perturbation correction to eigenvalue can be calculated exactly and we could conclude that there are only two phase transition lines emanating from the point κ = 0 . 5, Γ = 0. In the second perturbation scheme, we consider the number of domains of length 1 as the perturbation and obtain the zero-th order eigenfunction for the perturbed ground state. From the longitudinal spin-spin correlation, we conclude that floating phase exists for small values of transverse field over the entire region intermediate between the ferromagnetic phase and antiphase.


Aim of the study was the evaluation of the in vitro activity of ceftaroline and its potential against a collection of Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus (HA-MSSA) isolates. S. aureus isolates from outpatients were also examined. A total of 30 MSSA and 50 MRSA strains were studied.The isolates were collected during a four-year period (2006-2010) from the Pavia area (North-West of Italy). MICs and MBCs were performed in duplicate by broth dilution method (EUCAST 2012). Susceptibility category assessments for ceftaroline was made using EUCAST 2013 breakpoints. MICs of the antibiotics included in MicroScan Pos Breakpoint Combo Type 32 Panels (Siemens) were also evaluated. Genotyping was performed by PFGE. Ceftaroline MIC values for MSSA strains ranged from 0.06 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L and from 0.125 mg/L to 2 mg/L for MRSA strains, of which 4/50 exhibited a MIC value of 2 mg/L. The MIC value of these 4 isolates was confirmed by macromethod. Two out of four, clonally related, belonged to hVISA category. Furthermore, MIC50 and MIC90 were evaluated: MSSA MIC50 value was 0.125 mg/L, while MIC90 was 0.25 mg/L; MIC50 and MIC90 values of the MRSA were 0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively. Finally, the bactericidal activity of this molecule was investigated by MBC method. Ceftaroline MIC and MBC values coincided in 96.25% of cases, only in 3 cases the MBC value was one dilution higher than MIC value. Ceftaroline demonstrated bactericidal activity against a large number of S. aureus, included MRSA and hVISA.


Decisions by New England wool producers were modelled with a technique combining personal construct psychology and hierarchical decision models. Both strategic and tactical approaches were evident 111 the wool producers' responses to t.he risks associated \Vith producing and marketing their wool. Strategic responses included avoiding short to mcdiumAcnn response to price changes. divcrsit1cati<m. maintaining equity and _,el ling wool at auction in the same sale each year. iv1any types of risk were identified by producers that engendered distinctive responses. Simplifying decision rules were apparent that helped producers deal with the physical. information, and processing constraints of their decision-making environment.


The article analyzed Liang Qichao's political thoughts 'change and the reasons for the change,trying to explore Liang's mood changes including its political and ideologic limitations and naive characters.The article tries to prove that Liang is not simply old-fashioned royalist,while he went all out to explore a good way of rejuvenation for Chinese people in a responsible manner,not arbitrary and high-toned,with solid analysis on international and domestic situations.I will also develop Liang's democratic,patriotic thoughts,enlightening people and improving the quality of national politics.Through the exploration and analysis of Liang Qichao's political activities,it can help us understand the situation,improve the revitalization of Chinese nation's spirit and understand deeper the Liang's significant impact on the thinking of the community.Facing so many temptations,the reality of the social crisis of faith,we should be guided by the right theory.Through the research of the issue,it can provide useful lessons for building a harmonious society.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder of unknown aetiology, affecting 1% of the adult population and is characterized by a symmetrical erosive synovitis and on occasion, multisystem involvement. In early RA, accurate diagnosis can be delayed because of slow evolution of clinical features and lack of de® nitive diagnostic criteria. Early diagnosis and intervention provides the greatest hope for reducing the disability associated with RA. A 40-year-old woman presented in August 2000 with an acutely painful left knee. She had moved from Uganda to the UK in February 2000, at which time she was diagnosed as being HIV positive with a CD4 count of 10 cells/mm3 and a viral load of 88,880 copies/mL. Her initial regimen of highly active antiretroviral therapy was started in March 2000 and consisted of efavirenz, zidovudine and lamivudine, which was changed to nevirapine, lamivudine, and zidovudine a short while after because of intolerable nightmares. Her only past medical history of note was in 1998 when a grenade had exploded leaving her with a laceration, with shrapnel being visualized on X-ray as proximal to her left femur. Since this incident, she had suffered with mild lower back pain, which caused her no debility. She initially responded well to her therapy with a CD4 increase to 65 cells/mm3 and a viral load of less than 50 copies/mL in June 2000 then in August 2000 she developed an acutely painful, stiff left knee. There was no history of trauma to her knee or any previous or family history of joint problems. On examination there was marked crepitus, with a moderate effusion, but she maintained a good range of movement. The joint was aspirated producing 30 mL of straw-coloured ̄ uid, which was clear of organisms on microscopy and culture. An autoantibody screen revealed a rheumatoid factor of 51 : 40. An initial diagnosis of arthropathy secondary to previous hip trauma was made, and diclofenac commenced.


A method for preparing high-purity nimodipine compactin, belonging to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry. Nemo compactin is an in sixteen yuan anthelmintic macrolide antibiotics, mainly for the synthesis of more potent insecticide Mosey cretinism. This preparation method of high purity compactin nimodipine, nimodipine compactin extracted by aqueous ethanol extract was obtained, the extract decolorized ion exchange resins, macroporous resin and desugared deproteinized, and finally adsorbed by a suitable macroporous adsorption and separation, can be made greater than 90% purity of product Nemo cretinism. Through the use of the method with a resin, targeted, and the obtained high purity Nemo compactin Mossy compactin important for the synthesis of high purity.


A systematic experimental study of the kinetics and mechanisms of the chemical reactions in the gas phase between ground-state Si(+)2p and a variety of astrophysical molecules. The aim of this study is to identify the reactions which trigger the formation of chemical bonds between silicon and carbon, oxygen and sulphur, and the chemical pathways which lead to further molecular growth. Such knowledge is valuable in the identification of new extraterrestrial silicon-bearing molecules and for an assessment of the gas-phase transition from atomic silicon to silicon carbide and silicate grain particles in carbon-rich and oxygen-rich astrophysical environments.


Our survey on the 214 new generation migrant workers in Nanjing City in the aspects of income, social support network, social security, job satisfaction and others revealed that the new generation migrant workers pay more attention to income and jobs, for they are the important indicators of self-abilities. Also revealed are that this group of migrant workers are living in the state of double marginalization, and they depend mostly on their friends and fellow villagers for their help to deal with their difficulties and depression in life. As a result of the imperfect social security and the job pressure, they exhibit shaky satisfaction towards their living conditions with a typical Chinese feature of personality identity peripherization. This survey has implication for further research.


In 2004, Allen et al. aimed to explore the association between chronic cannabis abuse and a cyclical vomiting illness. He published a case series of 10 patients all with chronic cannabis use and cyclical vomiting whom after discontinuation of cannabis use experienced cessation of vomiting illness. A novel finding was that 9 of the 10 patients displayed an abnormal washing behavior during episodes of active illness [1]. This is the first report of what is now known as Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS). To this date, there are approximately 100 published cases of CHS. This syndrome continues to gain publicity as legislation that governs the use of marijuana evolves. Currently in the United States, there are twenty-six states that allow medicinal marijuana use and five that have legalized marijuana for recreational use [2].


Four development stages implementing condition-based maintenance of power transmission and distribution equipments by Zhejiang provincial power company are retrospected, and its general thought and technological system are presented.First, the idea that the kernel of condition-based maintenance is quantized evaluation of equipment state, and the basic data of state evaluation is mainly from various real-time records of operation, patrol, live tests and preventive tests;then the relations among condition-based maintenance, regular overhauling, equipment operation and maintenance management as well as the relation between on-line monitoring and condtion-based maintenance are hackled;finally the function framework of state evaluation of power transmission and distribution equipments and auxiliary maintenance strategy decision-making system, the relation among this system and other management information systems and its preliminary application results are presented.


Infection is the leading cause of death in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There are a number of possible predisposing factors for this increased susceptibility to infection. Some of these are abnormalities of immune function (both cell mediated and antibody mediated immune responses), deficient opsonization, impaired splenic function and splenic atrophy in addition to the use of immunosuppressive treatment. Among these infections, Salmonella infection is more common in patients with SLE than any other connective tissue disease especially in hospitalised patients


Steinbeck repeatedly focused his attention and his writing on America's armed conflicts. From the US entry into World War II until his death in December of 1968, he not only wrote about America's wars but often did so as an eyewitness from battlefields and combat zones. My purposes in this essay are 1) to survey his career as a war correspondent, 2) to trace the web of family ties and political friendships that influenced his opinion of the Vietnam war, 3) to examine his public and his private views of the war, and 4), to discuss some of the themes of the dispatches that he sent from Southeast Asia to Newsday , the Long Island daily newspaper. As everyone knows, Steinbeck gained national prominence in the 1930s for his works that focused on the plight of migrant workers, displaced Okies, political radicals, and the downtrodden in general. His novels In Dubious Battle (1936), Of Mice and Men (1937), and The Grapes of Wrath (1939) gained a huge reading audience. But they also gained him notoriety with many - including some in the federal government and the military - as an extremist, subversive, and even dangerous figure. While he was never formally investigated, the FBI kept a dossier on him from the early 1940s on [FBI Report #100-106224] that documented his political activities, his personal connections, and his writings. The army intelligence service, on the other hand, did formally investigate him in 1943 and filed a report [G-2 File : IX-0/S-1403c] that concluded: "In view of substantial doubt as to subject's loyalty and discretion, it is recommended that subject not be considered favorably for a commission in the Army of the United States." Thus, while he was in personal touch with, and personally advising, President Roosevelt, and while he attempted to do so repeatedly, he was never allowed to join the armed forces to support the war effort. Although he never joined the Communist Party, his "association with elements" of it, as the FBI dossier put it, and the fact that some of his writings appeared in communist publications, were the bases of army intelligence's


There is a growing interest in the concept of Net Zero Energy Homes, which are homes that produce as much energy as they use by reducing the energy needs of the building and using a renewable energy source. Currently, homes consume 20.9% of the total energy consumed in the United States. Total residential energy is expected to increase 20.4% by 2030. There are numerous realistic and unrealistic options to reduce energy. The process of identifying the optimal options to achieve Net Zero Homes is quite complicated and time consuming. Decision makers need recommendations on the most effective options to start this process. This paper investigates the performance of different energy conserving options. Energy simulation software was used to model an affordable 1,120 square foot home located in Michigan. The Home Energy Rating System (HERS) was used to determine the efficiency gained by comparing the effects of different options on annual energy consumption. The results showed that minor modifications were required to qualify for the Energy Star label. Certain energy conserving options, such as ground source heat pumps and continuous insulation, could be implemented to yield a dramatic reduction in the home's annual energy use. The results of this limited case study can provide recommendations for decision makers on the most effective options to achieve net zero homes.


The reaction between [(OC)2(cp)FeC(S)SFe(cp)(CO)2](cp =η5–C5H5) and [Co2(CO)8] produces the novel mixed-metal cluster [Co3Fe(cp)(CO)9(CS)] which contains a thiocarbonyl group, and the two known derivatives [Co4(CO)10S2] and [CoFe(cp)(CO)6]. This product distribution, which accounts for the fragmentation and desulphurization of the starting dithioester complex, may be seen as occurring via an unstable dithiocarbene intermediate. The structure of [Co3Fe(cp)(CO)9(CS)] has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca(no. 61) with cell constants a= 16.196(7), b= 12.325(3), c= 18.971(6)A, and Z= 8. The structure has been solved from 1 292 reflections collected by counter methods, and refined by least-squares calculations to R= 0.044 (R′= 0.040). The molecule contains a triangle of Co atoms carrying an external Fe(cp)(CO)2 fragment. The CS group, which lies parallel to the Co3 triangle, contributes six electrons to the cluster orbitals. The carbon atom of this ligand bridges all metal atoms, while the sulphur atom is bonded only to two Co atoms. The bonding mode of the CS ligand is discussed in terms of σ and π interactions.


This article discusses the problems with development experienced by the Maldives through a political economy lens. It claims that key socio-economic areas like health, education and community-based activities such as local fishing have not developed to an extent it should have considering the success of national development achieved through the growth of the tourism industry since the early 1970s. Using theories of governance, development and inequality, this article forms a methodologically feasible theoretical framework to explain the phenomenon of unbalanced development or underdevelopment in the Maldives. It claims that development can coexist with underdevelopment in a society. This phenomenon of underdevelopment in the Maldives is assessed by observing economic performance of the tourism industry against the performances of other sectors including health, education and local fishing. Using a historical institutionalist method to political economy analysis, this article shows that the empirical evidence of underdevelopment in the Maldives, during the 1970s–2000s, can be equated to policy shortfalls associated with a weak governance system. It asserts that there is a notable connection between developmental problems and the system of governance in the Maldives that policy makers should take into account in the decision-making process.


Objective To study the comparative inversion effects of different anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicines on NK immunosuppressions in colorectal tumor cells.Methods The passage supernatants of Colon 26 (colorectal tumor cells) pre-treated were compared with six different traditional Chinese medicines including As2O3,ligustrazine hydrochloride (LHC),astragalus mongholicus bge(AMB),matrine n-oxide(MOX),polyporus umbellatus polysacchride(PUPS) and artemether(ART) with the corresponding supernatants of Colon 26 which were not treated with any medicines.The effect of passage supernatants pre-treated with different kinds of traditional Chinese medicines on NK killing activity of murine splenocytes was measured by MTT,and CD3e-ζ+ expression was detected by FCM of direct immunofluorescence.Results There was no difference between the inversion effects of As2O3,PUPS and ART on inhibition of NK killing (P0.05,down-regulated by 49.65%±8.86%),and between the down-regulating of LHC and AMB(P0.05,down-regulated by 78.15%±9.81%);AMB had the greatest capability of down-regulation.No difference was found in the initial down-regulation levels of inhibited CD3e-ζ+ expression between LHC and PUPS (P0.05,down-regulated by 88.04%±7.57%)and between AMB and ART (P0.05,down-regulated by 50.00%±8.24%).But there was difference in the effects between MOX and other traditional Chinese medicines (all P0.01,inhibition was cleared completely and the expression was significantly elevated);LHC had the greatest capability of down-regulation.Conclusions Reducing NK immunosuppressions produced by colorectal tumor cells should be one of the anti-tumor effects developed by traditional Chinese medicines.Anti-tumor compound such as strengthening healthy and eliminating pathogens and promoting blood circulation can be used clinically to adjust the state of NK immunosuppressions which impede the effect of treatment.


When reading algorithms, expert programmers are often able to predict what the code should contain. On occasion, however, this ability may result in so-called proof-readers' errors, where the visual input is ignored and programmers process the code based on their own predictions. The goal of this study is to gain initial understanding of how proof-readers' errors are reflected in eye-movement parameters of an experienced programmer, and to search for parameters that may be indicative for proof-readers' errors in pseudocode reading. We applied a case-study approach to test the hypothesis that cognitive processing of notation, when read both with and without proof-readers' errors, results in similarities in terms of selected eye-movement measures. However, our experienced programmer turned out to become a critical case falsifying this hypothesis. In general, case studies with expert programmers are a rather novel approach for eye-tracking studies of programming, even though single cases of experts' eye movements are actively applied for the development of eye movement modelling examples. This study therefore also points to the importance of regarding expert examples not just as representatives as "expert reading" in general, but also as unique cases worth a closer investigation.


In this article, we examine the Opening Ceremonies of the Beijing Olympiad as an opportunity for the Chinese government to "speak" using a highly expedient discourse of hybridity (Pieterse, 2004). Moreover, we ask how Beijing 2008 may be representative of a larger trend whereby Olympic events serve to chill free speech. We suggest that it is important to see how the apolitical discourse adopted by the International Olympic Committee and its corporate partners can serve to minimize conflicts for the sake of entertainment value. Building on previous work engaging the Chinese television show Super Girl (Peaslee, Berggreen, & Kwak, 2010), in which the authors suggested that the show's disruption of gender conservatism (hybridity) was "expedient," we apply the same theoretical construct to the 2008 Opening Ceremonies, where overt political control and abnegation of personal and press freedoms are obscured by a celebration of Sino-Olympic diversity. Using discourse and textual analysis, we examine the discursive context within China prior to the Games, the artistic program, and the cultural-linguistic packaging of that program by the American broadcaster NBC. We suggest that engaging these texts in close proximity allows the clearest view of the problematic relationship between states, artists, and corporations that background any Olympiad.


The invention provides a system for inquiring the price of goods, comprising a database, a camera module, a bar code acquiring unit, a comparison unit and a display unit. The database is used for storing the bar code value and the price of a plurality of goods; the camera module is used for acquiring the preview picture of one goods from the outside; the bar code acquiring unit is used for acquiring a corresponding bar code value from the preview picture; the comparison unit is used for comparing the obtained bar code value with the bar code value in the database so as to judge whether the bar code value which is the same as the obtained bar code value exists in the database or not, if so, the comparison unit outputs a first signal, and the display unit displays the obtained bar code value and the corresponding price of the goods according to the first signal. The bar code value and the price of the goods can be obtained from the preview picture of the goods so as to be convenient for a consumer to inquire the price of the goods purchased as required. The invention also provides a method for inquiring the price of goods.


ONE of the most important of the current problems in the study of kinship phenomena is the description and analysis of kinship in societies without unilineal descent groups. Pending a more detailed understanding of their structural and functional variations, these kinship systems provisionally have been termed "bilateral" or "cognatic." They also have been recognized to exist on all levels of socio-economic complexity ranging from the hunting and gathering band to the industrialized state. The principle concept historically associated with the study of bilateral or cognatic kinship systems is the kindred (Djamour 1959:23; Dozier 1961:3; Geertz 1961:24-25; Goodenough 1955:71; Murdock 1949:60; Peranio 1961:99; Phillpotts 1913:2; Rivers 1924:16; Solien 1959: 578). It is sometimes referred to as the bilateral kindred (Bennett and Despres 1960:261; Goodenough 1955:71; Murdock 1949:60; Pehrson 1957:44; Redfield 1955:38; Solien 1959:582; Tambiah and Ryan 1957:293) or as the personal kindred (Conklin 1957:12; Davenport 1959:563; Dozier 1961:3; Geddes 1954:14; Goody 1961:3; Leach 1950:62; Murdock 1959:136; Peranio 1961: 101). The purpose of this paper is to explore the assumption that the kindred is an especially compatible structural feature of cognatic kinship systems. The initial part of the inquiry will focus on the work of Murdock since he is a major exponent of this position. Murdock (1949:57), after examining the kinship structure of 250 societies as recorded in the cross-cultural files of the Institute of Human Relations at Yale University and from his own extensive library research, concludes that:


As surgical therapy of coronary artery disease has matured, so has our ability to predict when it will be most beneficial. New data from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) provide insights into therapy for patients with severe angina …


We present new observations of the field surrounding the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7603, where four galaxies with different redshifts - NGC 7603 (z = 0.029), NGC 7603B (z = 0.057) and two fainter emission line galaxies (z = 0.245 and z = 0.394) - are apparently connected by a narrow filament, leading to a possible case of anomalous redshift. The observations comprise broad and narrow band imaging and intermediate resolution spectroscopy of some of the objects in the field. The new data confirm the redshift of the two emission-line objects found within the filament connecting NGC 7603 and NGC 7603B, and settles their type with better accuracy. Although both objects are point-like in ground based images, using HST archive images we show that the objects have structure with a FWHM = 0.3-0.4 arcsec. The photometry in the R-band obtained during three different campaigns spread over two years does not show any signs of variability in these objects above 0.3−0. 4m ag. All the above information and the relative strength and width of the main spectral lines allow us to classify these as HII galaxies with very vigorous star formation, while the rest of the filament and NGC 7603B lack star formation. We delineate the halo of NGC 7603 out to 26.2 mag/arcsec 2 in the Sloan r band filter and find evidence for strong internal distortions. New narrow emission line galaxies at z = 0.246, 0.117 and 0.401 are also found at respectively 0.8, 1.5 and 1.7 arcmin to the West of the filament within the fainter contour of this halo. We have studied the spatial distribution of objects in the field within 1.5 arcmin of NGC 7603. We conclude that the density of QSOs is roughly within the expected value of the limiting magnitude of our observations. However, the configuration of the four galaxies apparently connected by the filament appears highly unusual. The probability of three background galaxies of any type with apparent B-magnitudes up to 16.6, 21.1 and 22.1 (the observed magnitudes, extinction correction included) being randomly projected on the filament of the fourth galaxy (NGC 7603) is ≈3 × 10 −9 . Furthermore, the possible detection of very vigorous star formation observed in the HII galaxies of the filament would have a low probability if they were background normal-giant galaxies; instead, the intensity of the lines is typical of dwarf HII galaxies. Hence, a set of coincidences with a very low probability would be necessary to explain this as a fortuitous projection of background sources. Several explanations in terms of cosmological or non-cosmological redshifts are discussed.


Computer's 2015-2016 Editor in Chief, Sumi Helal, describes plans to sustain Computer's momentum, audience engagement, and ability to adapt to changes.


Computational processes which produce metahuman as well as seemingly-human outputs are of interest. Such outputs may become apparently human as they become familiar. So I write algorithmic interfaces (often in MAXMSPJitter) for real-time performative generation of complex musical/visual features, to be part of compositions or improvisations. Here I demonstrate a musical system to generate serial 12-tone rows, their standard transforms, and then to assemble them into melodic sequences, or into two part meta-pianistic performances. Serial rigour of pitch construction is maintained throughout. This means here that 12note motives are made, each of which comprises all the pitches within an octave on the piano (an octave comprises a doubling of frequency of the sound, and notes at the start and end of this sequence are given the same note name CDEFGABC etc). Then a generative system creates a rigorous set of transforms of the chosen note sequences. But as in serial composition at large, when these are disposed amongst multiple voices, and to create harmonies (simultaneous notes) as well as melodies (successions of separated notes), the serial chronology is modified. Furthermore, the system allows asynchronous processing of several versions of the original series, or of several different series. A range of complexity can result, and to enhance this I also made a companion system which uses tonal major scale melodies in a similar way. Here the original (Prime) version consists only of 12 notes taken from within an octave of the major scale (which includes only 7 rather than 12 pitches), thus permitting some repetitions. Chromatic inversion is used, so that for example, the scale of Cmajor ascending from C becomes the scale of Ab major descending from C, and major tonality with change of key centre is preserved. The performance patch within the system provided a default stochastic rhythmic, chordal and intensity control process; all of whose features are open to real-time control by the user.The patches are used for generating components of electroacoustic or notated composition, normally with equal-tempered or alternative tuning systems performed on a physical synthesis virtual piano (PianoTeq); and also within live solo MultiPiano performances involving acoustic piano and electronics. The outputs are meta-human in at least two senses. First, as with many computer patches, the physical limitations of playing an instrument do not apply, and Xenakian performance complexities can be realised. Second, no human improviser could achieve this precision of pitch transformation; rather we have evidence they tend to take a simplified approach to atonality, usually focusing on controlling intervals of 1, 2, 6, and 11 semitones. The products of these patches are also in use in experiments on the psychology of expectation (collaboration with Freya Bailes, Marcus Pearce and Geraint Wiggins, UK).


*Prices are subject to change without prior notice. SCIENCE 9780253024541 Reality Check: How Science Deniers Threaten Our Future Donald R. Prothero PB 2017 $26.00 EARTH SCIENCES 9780253036865 Global Mountain Regions: Conversations toward the Future Ann Kingsolver & Sasikumar Balasundaram PB 2018 $45.00 HEALTH AND MEDICINE 9780253044983 Forgetting Items: The Social Experience of Alzheimer's Disease Baptiste Brossard PB 2019 $25.00 HISTORY 9780253038654 Arabs and Jews in Ottoman Palestine: Two Worlds Collide Alan Dowty HB 2019 $65.00 9780253044174 Battle for Malaya: The Indian Army in Defeat, 1941–1942 Kaushik Roy PB 2019 $35.00 9780253027115 Essential Israel: Essays for the 21st Century S. Ilan Troen & Rachel Fish PB 2017 $35.00 9780253042620 From Pugwash to Putin: A Critical History of US–Soviet Scientific Cooperation Gerson S. Sher PB 2019 $40.00 9780253038227 Generation Stalin: French Writers, the Fatherland, and the Cult of Personality Andrew Sobanet PB 2018 $36.00 9780253037497 Inside Al-Shabaab: The Secret History of Al-Qaeda's Most Powerful Ally Harun Maruf & Dan Joseph PB 2018 $28.00 9780253037442 Less Oil or More Caskets: The National Security Argument for Moving Away from Oil Gregory A. Ballard PB 2018 $30.00 9780253036810 Mass Violence in Nazi-Occupied Europe Alex J. Kay & David Stahel PB 2018 $40.00 ISBN Title/Author Bind Year Price COMBINED ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS Indiana University Press Price list 2020


HEN the cytological study of vaginal smears in the diagnosis of cancer of the female genital tract was developed to the point of clinical usefulness, it bccanie logical to attempt to apply this nicthod to other body fluids. Over a period of time, starting in 1944, the smear technique was applied to the urine, sputum


As a follow‐up to previous research, this report focuses on the wide range of gestures employed by an individual with aphasia to overcome instances of unintelligibility and re‐establish intelligibility. The gestures observed are woven seamlessly into the fabric of the interactions and range from deictic to metaphorical or symbolic in nature. Specific examples are provided.


Background: A paucity of literature exists regarding trajectories of functional and sports-specific recovery after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Purpose: To determine if subgroups of patients exist based on the recovery trajectory of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopy for FAIS in the short-term period and to determine clinical predictors for these subgroups of patients. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A prospectively maintained repository was queried for patients who had undergone primary hip arthroscopy for the treatment of FAIS between January 2012 and May 2018. Patients who completed the preoperative, 1-year, and 2-year International Hip Outcome Tool–12 (iHOT-12) or the Hip Outcome Score Sports Subscale (HOS-SS) were included. The latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and growth mixture models (GMMs) were used to identify subgroups of patients based on trajectories of recovery for the iHOT-12 and the HOS-SS utilizing preoperative, 1-year, and 2-year follow-ups. LCGA and GMM models using 1 to 6 classes for each PRO were performed, and the best-fit model for each PRO was selected. After final model selection, a multivariable multinomial logistic regression was performed, with the largest class being the reference group to determine clinical predictors of subgroup membership. Results: A total of 443 and 556 patients were included in the iHOT-12 and HOS-SS analyses, respectively. For the iHOT-12, we identified the following 3 subgroups: early progressors (70%), late regressors (22.3%), and late progressors (7.7%). Predictors of late regression were workers' compensation status, psychiatric history, preoperative chronic pain, and lower preoperative iHOT-12 scores; and late progressors were less likely to participate in sports. For the HOS-SS, we identified the following 4 subgroups: early progressors (47.7%), late regressors (17.4%), late progressors (6.8%), and steady progressors (28.1%). Predictors of less favorable recovery trajectories (late regressors and late progessors) were older age, male sex, back pain, psychiatric history, preoperative chronic pain, greater alpha angle, and lower preoperative HOS-SS scores. Conclusion: Using the growth mixture modeling, 3 natural courses of health-related quality of life (early progression, late regression, and late progression) and 4 natural courses of recovery of athletic function (steady progression, late regression, late progression, and early progression) were identified. Preoperative psychiatric conditions, chronic pain, workers' compensation status, and lower iHOT-12 scores were predictive of less than favorable trajectories of recovery according to the iHOT-12, and male sex, older age, back pain, preoperative narcotic use, and lower preoperative HOS-SS were predictors of less favorable recovery trajectories according to the HOS-SS.


Classroom student engagement, the time and effort a learner devotes to academic activities linked to course outcomes and resulting from instructional support to participate in such activities, is commonly researched as a predictor of student learning (Kuh, 2009). Early engagement research focused on the traditional face-to-face classroom experience but has expanded over the past decade to encompass blended e-learning systems (BELS), which include asynchronous and synchronous online courses (Leijon & Lundgren, 2019). The BELS literature offers important insights into student engagement outcomes, including the necessity of class activities, accessible communication tools, and a sense of community in academic learning environments (Bower et al., 2015). However, limited research is available regarding student engagement in HyFlex, a BELS environment where students attend class synchronously, with some participating in person and others via videoconference (Leijon & Lundgren, 2019). While a substantial body of research exists regarding student engagement in BELS, these studies are wide in scope and create overarching conclusions about engagement in virtual spaces. Student engagement in HyFlex settings may differ from that depicted in the BELS literature as students and instructors must manage a dual learning space (in-person and videoconference) synchronously compared to the singular learning space in other BELS designs In March 2020, multiple US educational institutions adapted courses traditionally taught in face-to-face settings to HyFlex environments to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission. This transition continued into fall 2020, leaving instructors to adapt courses despite often having no experience with HyFlex. The lack of literature and rapid implementation of these modalities offer significant opportunities to learn about student engagement in HyFlex that otherwise may have taken years to develop (Adedoyin & Soykan, 2020). A student engagement scale specific to HyFlex provided valuable insights into how students devote time to academic activities in these learning environments.


The hydraulic accumulator has characteristics of high power density,high fuel efficiency and low price. As an important auxiliary device,the hydraulic accumulator,especially in modern hydraulic system,has played an important role in the prospects of energy save and application. Through pressure on study of the relationship among engine,accumulator and load,combined with existing research results abroad,theoretical analysis was made for hydraulic accumulator in energy save of hydraulic system of urban public transport.


Due to their low cost and widespread availability, polypropylene fibers are an attractive structural reinforcement for fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). But polypropylene is a hydrophobic polymer, creating a poor bond with cementitious matrices when mixed, thus limiting its potential as structural reinforcement. Copolymerizing polypropylene with non-ionic surfactants provides a solution by modifying the hydrophobicity of the fibers. This research investigated the micromechanical bonding properties between copolymerized polypropylene and a cementitious matrix. Single fiber pullout was employed in which both the chemical bond strength and frictional bond strength between fiber and matrix were measured. Results from this work show that the copolymerized polypropylene can be used to create hydrophilic fibers that are capable of developing substantially higher bonds with cementitious matrices. Ultimately, this increased bonding can result in higher strength polypropylene fiber reinforced cementitious composites with tighter crack widths, thus serving as a low-cost viable replacement for existing, more expensive FRC reinforcing fibers.


To meet the increasing requirements which are set for modern production systems regarding flexibility, reconfigurability and collaborative behavior, a common information, Communication & Control (ICT) platform for guaranteeing connectivity has to be put in place. Industrial Middleware, i.e. SW/HW solutions, which help connecting and mediating different industrial cyber-physical components of a distributed system (such as a production system) are an essential component of such a platform. The paper describes the assessment of existing industrial Middleware solutions which are targeting re-configurability and connectivity of modern industrial environments. It states a set of important functional requirements which need to be considered to select the right solution for individual use cases. A big emphasis is put into finding industrially applicable solutions.


This research was aimed to developed the quadruped robot modelling and movement simulation and to test and summarize the 3D simulated quadruped robot movement. The development of the simulate quadruped robot had 5 steps, 1) structure design, 2) analyze the robot kinematics, 3) simulate the robot movement 4) LabVIEW test run to simulate the 3D movement. 5) used the quadruped robot as teaching media in industrial robotics courses and program development. From the testing result, the 3D simulated quadruped robot able to move in 6 movement, walk backward and 10 meter/minute walk forward. After used the quadruped robot in teaching, found the overall satisfaction with the teaching materials of the quadruped robot was at a good level. (X = 3.51, S.D. = 0.73). The robot suitable for use as a teaching material in courses related to robotics and encourage students to learn as well.


The present invention relates to a case of tampering with the electronic signature adding file has been also carried out, carry out an effective tampering detection. And A program main body 11A, the application 10A that includes a tamper check routine F, the utilizing the first specific key K (s1) is packaged as a package 21A. The package 21A as the signature target data D, the first electronic signature process using the key K (a1) of program provider A is performed, signature information 22A is created. Further, the signature information 22A as concealing target data C, the second specific key K (s2) concealment process with takes place, confidential information 23A is created. Package 21A, signature information 22A, an electronic device that has received the distribution of distribution for file 20A including confidential information. 23A, and the validity confirmation process of signature information 22A by the OS, validity confirmation processing of confidential information 23A by the falsification check routine F when, it executes the application only if the confirmation by both a well-. .FIELD 5