Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate below the lowest normal value adjusted for age. It is caused by intrinsic dysfunction, injury to the heart's conduction system or by extrinsic factors acting on a normal heart and its conduction system (1). Premature atrial contractions (PACs), are a rare cause of bradycardia. A slow heart rate may occur in that the sinus node discharges a PAC that's blocked before causing the atria to contract (2,3). Herein, we report a newborn with frequent premature atrial contractions in bigeminal pattern. The bradycardiac patient with bradycardia was successfully treated with propafenone. Herein, we present the case of a 10-day-old infant that was referred to our department for bradycardia. A female neonate of 3100 gr and Apgar score of 8/10 at 1/5 minutes was born by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery at 39. gestational weeks. Her physical examination was normal except bradycardia. Pulse rate was 72 bpm, and blood pressure was 68/32 mmHg. Careful review of her electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed that closely coupled bigeminy PACs were blocked at the atrioventricular junction, mimicking severe sinus bradycardia (Figure 1). No significant abnormalities were found on her echocardiogram, and laboratory test results (complete blood count, biochemical panel and brain natriuretic peptide) were normal. Holter ECG monitoring showed a sinus rhythm with very frequent blocked atrial bigeminy, and short runs of atrial tachycardia. Mean heart rate was 83 bpm, while the minimal, and maximal heart rates was 63 bpm, and 98 bpm, respectively. An antiarrhythmic medication (propranolol) was started without any improvement in the antiarrhytmic control. This treatment was stopped and therapy with propafenone (300 mg/m2/d) was initiat-


The valve is of the most important portion of a reciprocating diaphragm pump.Valve- blocked fault is happened commonly and affects production.Frequency band energy decomposition with wavelet packet can identify effectively the characteristics of valve-blocked fault and diagnosis fault by using vibration signals.The application of this technique to large-sized reciprocating diaphragm pumps will makes more benefit to users.


Introduction. Locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is accompanied by a diverse clinical picture, one of the leading symptoms is chronic pain syndrome (CPS), which occurs in 30 % of patients in the early stages of the disease and in 80 % of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The basic method of treating CPS is analgesic therapy. However, the widespread use of painkillers is limited due to the short and incomplete analgesic effects, as well as side effects of painkillers. The use of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) contributes to the relief of CPS, however, it is accompanied by adverse events (AE) and a short analgesic effect. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the first experience of using of intra-arterial administration of a combination of gemcitabine at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 and nano-stabilized paclitaxel at a dose of 125 mg/m 2 in combination with conformal radiation therapy in patients with LAPC with CPS. Materials and methods . A controlled open, single-center, non-randomized, retrospective study included 17 patients who received combined treatment - a single selective intra-arterial administration of gemcitabine at a dose of 1,000 mg/m 2 and nano-stabilized paclitaxel at a dose of 125 mg/m 2 , followed by conformal radiation therapy with beam of 51 Gr in medium fractionation mode. The dynamics of CPS was assessed by the intensity, severity, localization and characteristics of the applied analgesic therapy using the BPi-SF-Russian-2001 questionnaire when the patient was admitted before treatment, on the 24th and 54th days of combination therapy. Results. Complications associated with angiography and radiation therapy have not been reported. There were no pronounced (more than Grade 1) immediate and distant AEs of intra-arterial chemotherapy in patients. An analysis of CPS and its associated indicators showed a decrease in the severity of pain, which ultimately was an important component of the quality of life of patients. Significant decrease in CPS occurred on the 24th day before treatment. The analgesic effect was reliably maintained on the 54th day. The maximum analgesic effect of the combined treatment was noted on the 24th day. Thus, the duration of anesthesia was recorded up to 54 days. The analgesic effect significantly contributed to improving mood, the ability to contact with others, and also affected the quality and duration of sleep and the ability to enjoy life in patients of the study group. Conclusion. The use of intra-arterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine and nano-stabilized paclitaxel in combination with radiation therapy can effectively affect on CPS and the quality of life in patients with LAPC.


Wind generators are exposed to numerous destructive forces such as lightning and are therefore vulnerable to these phenomena. To evaluate the transient behavior of a wind power plant during direct and indirect strikes, modeling of all relevant components is required. Among the protective and control components of wind turbines, the grounding system is the most important element for protection against lightning strikes. This paper examines the impact of nonlinear soil ionization behavior and frequency dependency on a wind turbine in order to model a sufficient protection scheme to reduce overvoltage and make the system tolerable against transitions. The high frequency models of other equipment such as transformers, horizontal conductors, vertical rods, surge arresters and underground cables must also be taken into account to design the grounding system. Our Proposed Modified Grounding Scheme (PMGS) is to reduce the maximum transient overvoltages. We simulate the model in a restructured version of the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP-RV) software to examine the effectiveness of the system. We then apply the simulated results to pair of turbines that are interconnected with a frequency-dependent cable. We carry out the simulation for direct and indirect lightning strikes. The results indicate that the MGS can lead to considerably more than a 50% reduction in transient voltages for lightning and thus leads to more reliable networks.


Mitochondria play multiple roles during red blood cell production (erythropoiesis), including heme production and iron trafficking. Mutations in gene encoding for mitochondrial proteins lead to ineffective erythropoiesis as observed in patients with sideroblastic anaemia [1]. Yet, the removal of mitochondria and erythroid nuclear expulsion are essential steps in forming terminally differentiated mature red blood cells (erythrocytes). In the adult bone marrow, erythroblasts surround a central macrophage, forming multi-cellular cluster known as erythroblastic island (EBI). EBI, also known as the erythroid niche, serves as a nursery for developing erythroblasts during erythropoiesis. The EBI macrophage engulfed and destroyed expulsed erythroid nuclei. Unlike the fate of the erythroid nuclei, intrinsic destruction of mitochondria (mitophagy) occurs in the erythroid cells after nuclei expulsion [2]. However, it is unknown if the niche regulates erythropoiesis in a manner similar to the erythroid nuclei.


Background: Several retrospective studies using administrative or single-center data have failed to show any difference between general anesthesia using propofol versus inhaled volatiles on long-term survival after breast cancer surgery. Although randomized controlled trials are ongoing, validated data from national clinical registries may advance the reliability of existing knowledge. Methods: Data on breast cancer surgery performed under general anesthesia between 2013 and 2019 from the Swedish PeriOperative Registry and the National Quality Registry for Breast Cancer were record-linked. Overall survival was compared between patients receiving propofol and patients receiving inhaled volatile for anesthesia maintenance. Results: Of 18,674 subjects, 13,873 patients (74.3%) received propofol and 4,801 (25.7%) received an inhaled volatile for general anesthesia maintenance. The two cohorts differed in most respects. Patients receiving inhaled volatile were older (67 yr vs. 65 yr), sicker (888 [19.0%] American Society of Anesthesiologists status 3 to 5 vs. 1,742 [12.8%]), and the breast cancer to be more advanced. Median follow-up was 33 months (interquartile range, 19 to 48). In the full, unmatched cohort, there was a statistically significantly higher overall survival among patients receiving propofol (13,489 of 13,873 [97.2%]) versus inhaled volatile (4,039 of 4,801 [84.1%]; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.90; P < 0.001). After 1:1 propensity score matching (4,658 matched pairs), there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (propofol 4,284 of 4,658 [92.0%]) versus inhaled volatile (4,288 of 4,658 [92.1%]; hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.13; P = 0.756). Conclusions: Among patients undergoing breast cancer surgery under general anesthesia, no association was observed between the choice of propofol or an inhaled volatile maintenance and overall survival. Using data combining two national Swedish clinical registries from 2013 to 2019 for 18,674 breast cancer surgery patients, the authors observed that 13,873 (74.3%) received propofol general anesthesia and 4,801 (25.7%) received inhaled volatile general anesthesia. In a propensity score–matched cohort of 9,316 patients, there was no difference in overall survival between patients receiving propofol general anesthesia (4,284 of 4,658; 92.0%) versus inhaled volatile general anesthesia (4,288 of 4,658; 92.1%).


A study was undertaken to see how the roughness produced on the surface of a tool steel by electrolytical etching would affect the wear resistance of a diamondlike carbon (DLC) layers deposited by vacuum pulse graphite sputtering. Friction and abrasion tests revealed the existence of an optimal average surface roughness, R a , at which the wear resistance of the DLC layer is doubled or even trebled. For DLC layers about 4 μm thick, R a was found to range from 0.6 to 1.2 μm. This result can be used in developing techniques and procedures whereby hard coatings can be applied to metal-cutting tools so as to achieve the utmost in wear resistance.


Regardless of your fame, fortune, or abilities, life is filled with difficulties. You get to choose how you will react to those difficulties though. Learning to deal with them in healthy, productive ways results in personal growth and peace of mind. This fact sheet outlines four healthy, effective approaches to coping with the challenges of life: eliminating overthinking, working from your strengths, taking time for self-care, and finding meaning in your experiences.


The first Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator (PBFA-I) has recently completed its operational series of tests. It provided 30 TW into 36 power flow lines terminated in electron beam loads at the accelerator's center. The outputs were 2 MV at 15 MA for a 40 ns pulse which provided 1 MJ of output energy. During the accelerator develcpament, several ways of modifying and reconnecting this modular, few MV output pulsed power were discovered. The data from PBFA-I tests show the flexibility and reliability of pulsed power. This technology base could provide a 100 TW accelerator known as PBFA-II which will be the light ion beam test bed for breakeven experiments for the Department of Energy's Inertial Confinement Fusion Program. Pulsed power technology continues to be flexible and adaptable to a wide variety of basic research problems. It is a cost effective technology for producing large pulsed energy outputs.


Abstract : Injury to the CNS elicits a rapid response from the injured environment. The most significant response is that from astrocytes which undergo an activation process and become reactive astrocytes. This causes phenotypic as well as functional changes to maintain the tissue integrity, protect adjacent areas, and enable repair processes. However, this process does impede axonal regeneration. Additionally, astrocytes clearly demonstrate the self-renewing multipotential. The function of glial dedifferentiation lends itself to increased study. Emerging data suggests glial cells must dedifferentiate to an astrocyte-like morphology before becoming capable of neural generation.


The present invention discloses a method and apparatus kinds of network access. The method includes: UE receiving the WLAN access network sends the auxiliary information to access 3GPP; UE the information measuring radio signal quality in accordance with WLAN and an access decision, the decision result obtained; the UE to access the WLAN in accordance with the decision result. The present invention can speed up the access of the WLAN UE and obtains the subsequent data transmission joint and / or services to improve the user experience.


Background: Relationship satisfaction is crucial for the well-being and longevity of romantic relationships. Although love language interventions have demonstrated positive effects on relationship satisfaction, most research has focused on Western contexts. This study investigates the impact of a Love Language Game intervention on relationship satisfaction among Chinese couples in China and Malaysia and examines the role of individualism-collectivism in determining the intervention's effectiveness. Methods: Employing a mixed-methods approach and a randomized controlled trial design, this study incorporated both quantitative and qualitative components. The quantitative analysis utilized a two-way ANOVA to compare the Love Language Game intervention group with a control group participating in an alternative relationship enhancement workshop series. The qualitative component consisted of interviews exploring participants' experiences and perceptions of the interventions. Results: The �ndings revealed the effectiveness of the Love Language Game intervention in improving relationship satisfaction among Chinese couples and highlighted the in�uence of individualism-collectivism on the intervention's outcomes. Participants' experiences and perceptions emphasized the signi�cance of engagement, communication, cultural sensitivity, and tailored strategies in relationship interventions. Conclusions:


The Birkhoff polytope Bn is the convex hull of all n× n permutation matrices in Rn×n. We compute the combinatorial symmetry group of the Birkhoff polytope. A representation polytope is the convex hull of some finite matrix group G 6 GL(d,R). We show that the group of permutation matrices is essentially the only finite matrix group which yields a representation polytope with the face lattice of the Birkhoff polytope.


According to the assumption that the glass formation in tetrahedrally bonded multicomponent glasses is due to chains of the V group elements, glasses in the (Cd, GeAs, )l–x, (TIAs)x, system are obtained. The transformation of the main structure type of glass (from tetrahedrally bonded into arsenic) together with the change of its properties is shown. The differences in the properties of the glasses is markedly revealed during hydrostatic pressure experiments and during the study of the temperature dependence of thermoelectric power. These differences are probably connected with the change of the coordination number of As to 3 in arsenic glasses and are in agreement with the valence alternation pair model. The obtained glasses according to the results of thermoelectrical measurements are semiconductors of n-type with rather high conductivity (up to f2−1 ω−1 at room temperature).

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Since its emergence in China in late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly posed the risk of critical care resources overload in every affected country. The distribution of the disease among the territories is heterogeneous. Long-range inter-hospital transport of critically ill COVID-19 patients as a way to mitigate the localised pressure from overloaded intensive care units at a national or international level has not been reported yet. The aim of this article was to provide descriptive data about the six collective aeromedical evacuation of COVID-19 patients performed within Europe and French national territory on March 18, 21, 24, 27, 31 and April 3, 2020. Thirty-six patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were transported aboard six aeromedical evacuation missions. ARDS was moderate (PaO2/FiO2 ratio > 100 and ≤ 200) in 24 patients and mild (PaO2/FiO2 ratio > 200 and ≤ 300) in 12 patients. The median duration of mechanical ventilation in ICU before transportation was 4 days [Interquartile (IQ): 3-5]. The median PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 180 mmHg (IQ: 156-202). The median norepinephrine infusion rate was 0.08 μg/kg/min. No life-threatening event was reported. Collective aeromedical evacuation of COVID-19 critically ill patients could provide a reliable solution to help control the burden of the disease at a national or international level. Future works may evaluate the global safety and effectiveness of aeromedical evacuations in this context.


The reaction of 1,2-dichlorotetraalkyldisilanes, Cl(R1R2Si)2Cl (R1=R2=iPr; R1, R2=iPr, Me; R1, R2=Me3SiCH2, Me; R1, R2=tBuCH2, Me; R1, R2=tBu, Me), with an excess amount of lithium in tetrahydrofuran gave the corresponding peralkylcyclopolysilanes, [R1R2Si]n (n=4–5), under mild conditions.


An approximate, closed-form analysis of the stability of coupled flap-lag motion of a helicopter rotor blade in the presence of turbulence is presented. The longitudinal, lateral, and vertical components of turbulence are modeled as uncorrelated physical white noise processes and a special case of the stochastic averaging method is applied to obtain the equations governing the first moments of the stochastic system. A closed-form first moment stochastic stability criterion is obtained using approximations based on realistic rms values of turbulence velocities. This closed form analysis is a generalization of a previous analysis by Peters for the deterministic case. Based on the stability criterion obtained, an interpretation is given for the result, previously obtained by the authors, that in hover the turbulence increases the stability of the coupled flap-lag motion. The interpretation is that the turbulence increases the damping in the least-stable, lead-lag mode by providing the same stabilizing effect as an increase in the profile drag coefficient in both hover and low-speed forward flight. Of the three turbulence components, the vertical turbulence is shown to have the dominant effect on this increase in stability. Numerical results are presented for the hover case and comparison with the more stringent case of second moment stability is made.


This article has as goal to introduce and to describe the literary manifestation of haiku, by adopting the in locus observation, and focusing on the creation process and socialization in the Yuba Community, located in the Mirandopolis Municipal district (SP), 600km from Sao Paulo. We base this study on what is postulated by Octavio Paz (1980; 1991), Masuda Goga (1998), Massao Ohno (2008), Teiiti Suzuki (1996), Paulo Franchetti (1996) and Teruko Oda (1993).


IRDANTIO DIMAS. 2010. 8223108300. Analysis of Services in PT Sukma Putra Sarana. Study Program, Diploma In Marketing Management. Department of Management.
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Based on research results can be seen the process of services most respondents who use services in pt sukma the son of a means through five dimensions namely
tangibles, reliability , responsiveness, assurance , and emphaty Keywords : procedures, sevice.


In recent years, Hawai'i has become a key site for critical inquiry into racial formations of settler colonialism, joining other prominent places of resistance and contestation such as the southwest borderlands of the continental United States, Aotearoa New Zealand, and outback Australia. Led by Indigenous and Mestizo scholars, these new histories of the racializations and dispossessions inflicted under settler colonialism are transforming our apprehensions of contemporary legacies of white privilege and white violence, whether epistemic or physical. Drawing on a variety of theoretical resources, including settler colonial studies, Indigenous studies, critical race theory, and decolonial and critical postcolonial approaches, the authors of these histories challenge conventional imperial assumptions about agency and place, possession and sovereignty. They are generating fresh histories oriented around Indigenous resistance and continued flourishing, displacing sham historical claims of white superiority, conquest, civilization and development. Both Possessing Polynesians and Staking Claim, in different ways and from different standpoints, reveal vividly what it might mean to decolonize Pacific or Oceanic histories and just what is at stake in this necessary endeavour. In Possessing Polynesians, Maile Arvin, a Native Hawaiian feminist historian, from O'ahu and currently at Utah, focuses on the contributions of mid-20th-century sciences and early 21st-century legal reasoning to the fabrication of possessive whiteness and its attempt to eliminate the 'natives'. She argues that settler colonialism in Hawai'i has been 'fueled by a logic of possession through whiteness' (p. 3). Physical anthropologists in the 1920s and 1930s imagined 'Polynesians' as almost white, thereby reframing Oceania as a natural place for 'authentic' whites such as themselves. Meanwhile, according to Arvin, 'Polynesians become exotic, feminized possessions of whiteness – possessions that never have the power to claim the property of whiteness' (p. 3). Arvin seeks to trace here a critical genealogy of Pacific whiteness, juxtaposed to illusions of almost-white Polynesians and threateningly black Melanesians. While much of the earlier part of the book will be familiar to readers of Serge Tscherkézoff and Bronwen Douglas, among many others, Arvin breaks new ground, or leads us into largely unexplored waters, when she considers the pre-war research of anthropologists like Louis Sullivan and Te Rangihı̄roa (Peter Buck) into racial origins and Pacific racial differences. She contrasts Sullivan's continued investment in racial typologies with Te Rangihı̄roa's commitment to recording, and participating in, Pacific cultural expression, but in so doing she mutes the haole anthropologist's engagement in studies valorizing 'race-mixing' and ignores the Māori anthropologist's earlier analysis of native somatotypes. Unfortunately, Arvin misses the opportunity to analyse here the work of Boasian physical anthropologist Harry L. Shapiro (mentioned in passing on p. 125) on the qualities of mixed-race populations and the bodily adaptation of Asians (and presumably whites) to Pacific environments. To do so would complicate, though not necessarily subvert, her argument about the naturalization of


The main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of teaching mathematics by way of problem solving on the self-regulation learning of the female first grade high school students. The research method was quasi experimental by using the pretest and posttest along with the control group. The statistical population in this research included all the female first grade high school students in the city of Hamadan, in the school year of 2011-2012 who numbered 4121 people. The sample size was 60 people in this research which was selected through the multi stage cluster random sampling. The data ghatering instrument was the standard 22 question questionnaire for measuring the self –regulated learning strategies by Pantrich and Degoot. The reliability andvalidity of this tool were examined in the previous researches. Pantrich and Degoothave confirmed the reliability and validity of this tool. They reported the reliability as 0.82. Based on their reports, the cognitive strategies and the metacognitive strategies were reported to be 0.83 and 0.74 respectively. Nekooee has reported the reliability of this research as 0.81 using the Cronbach alpha. To analyze the data, the descriptive statistics indices, frequency, average, percentage and standard deviation and the t inferential statistics were applied in the independent groups. Findings of the research revealed that teaching math by way of problem solving will increase the self-regulation learning level of the students, i.e. the students going through the problem solving –based teaching method were found to be highly self –regulated than the students who had not received such a teaching style.


The cardiovascular actions of adenosine have been known for over 60 years, but only in the last decade has the clinical relevance of this nucleoside been recognized. "̂̂ Adenosine is formed in cells upon degradation of adenine nucleotides and S-adenosylbomocysteine (Fig. 1) and is released from the heart.** This nucleoside has multiple cardiac effects relevant to modulation of heart function and to the genesis and therapy of cardiac arrhythmias.^"^ Adenosine acts to decrease oxygen consumption by slowing heart rate and inhibiting tbe stimulatory effects of (J-adrenergic stimulation, and to increase the supply of oxygen by causing coronary vasodilation. These actions suggest that in the heart the primary role of this nucleoside is cardioprotection. This cardioprotective function of adenosine is likely to be prominent when myocardial oxygen supply is limited (e.g., ischemia). Also clinically relevant are adenosine's negative cbronotropic, dromotropic, and antiadrenergic effects in the heart, which form the basis for its antiarrhythmic properties.^•^•'̂


The genus Conophymacris Willemse from China was reviewed,with ten species recorded,including two new species:Conophymacris xianggelilaensis Niu et Zheng,sp. nov. and Conophymacris jiulongensis Zheng et Shi,sp. nov. A key to the species of Conophymacris from China is provided. Type specimens are kept in the Institute of Zoology,Shaanxi Normal University and Museum of Hebei University.


In the ray-tracing method, radio propagation is approximately represented by using reflected and diffracted rays. Thus an arrival angle of incoming wave can be known easily by using the path of ray. On the other hand, in the FDTD method, a propagation wave is calculated strictly based on Maxwell's equations. Therefore, it seems difficult to know the arrival angle of incoming wave in the FDTD analysis. However, it is expected that the arrival angle of incoming wave can be obtained by using the direction of arrival estimation method in the FDTD analysis. In this paper, the direction of arrival estimation in the FDTD analysis of radio propagation using the MUSIC method is investigated.


Abstract We studied the breeding system and flower visitors of White River penstemon, a rare endemic from the Uintah Basin of eastern Utah and western Colorado. Bagging treatments and hand-pollination treatments showed that Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis has a mixed mating system: while some seeds and fruits are produced through self-pollination (both autogamy and geitonogamy), significantly more are produced when flowers are cross-pollinated. The primary flower visitors, and likely pollinators, were several species of native twig- and ground-nesting bees in the families Apidae, Halictidae, and Megachilidae. We found no differences in fruit or seed production between open-pollinated controls and hand-outcrossed flowers, suggesting that pollinator visits were sufficient to maximize female reproductive success. Management plans to conserve White River penstemon must recognize that full reproductive success of this rare plant taxon relies on a suite of pollinating bees, and that the species richness and abundances of bee visitors should be maintained.


A useful development of the modelling approach to antenna calibration is to accept that it is not practical to measure antenna factors directly and instead compare values of another antenna parameter, which can be measured accurately, with predictions derived from a model. One such parameter is drive-point impedance and, if a model can be developed which returns a drive-point impedance that agrees with measurement, the model may then be used with confidence to predict antenna factors. The paper shows how the drive-point impedance of a Schwarzbeck BBA9106 biconical antenna may be measured and then used as a guide to facilitate production of an accurate NEC model of the antenna. This model is then combined with the measured scattering parameters of the balun of the antenna in order to yield predicted antenna factors for the complete real antenna.


Waterflooding simulations are usually carried out using the Buck-ley-Leverett (BL) equation, which is the transportation equation for dynamic fluids that describes two phases of immiscible fluid flow on porous media. In this case, the authors focus on the effect of nonequilibrium in relative permeability regardless of capillary pressure which can be described by the Baren-blatt model, namely a model of nonequilibrium capillary pressure and relative permeability. In this case, the flux of each phase in the BL equation does not depend on current saturation only (actual saturation), but also on effective saturation (future saturation). So that the solution requires the evolution equation proposed by Barenblatt. This paper is a review of what has been done by Juanes. However, the authors discretize by using the vertex centered finite volume on the law of conservation of time (partial differential equations) and evolutionary equations (ordinary differential equations).


Background Pain on needle prick is a troublesome feeling during maxillofacial treatment. When lignocaine in conjugation with epinephrine is administered patient experiences an unpleasant painful sensation. This discomfort is mostly due to low pH of the solution. Therefore alkalizing acidic solution leads to reduction in pain and also decreases the time of onset thereby increasing the duration of anesthesia.Methodology A randomized prospective clinical study was conducted consisting of 100 patients who were to undergo tooth extractions in mandibular region. They were further randomly distributed into two equal groups of 50 cases each. Group A was administered 2 lignocaine with 180000 adrenaline solution while Group B was administered lignocaine with 180000 adrenaline mixed with 7.5 sodium bicarbonate by injection. Both intraoperative and post-operative assessment of patient was done regarding pain onset of anesthesia and duration of anesthesia.Results The pain score for Group A was 3.29plusmn1.02 and Group B was 4.64plusmn1.12. The test showed a p value of lt0.001 which meant that the difference was significant and pain on injection was significantly less in Group B as compared to Group A.Conclusion We deduced that even if the concentration of lignocaine was less in freshly prepared alkalinized anesthetic solution it provided less pain on administration. Nevertheless it did not affect the onset and duration of anesthesia.


Abstract This study was carried out in each three study areas of Pinus densiflora community and Quercus mongolica community from March 5th, 2008 to October 15th, 2010 to analyze the relationship between seed bank and the actual vegetation of the lower layer. Based on the relationship between the lower layer of actual vegetation and the germination of seed bank, all of three study areas, the similarity of the actual vegetation of the lower layer and seed bank were high in Plot 1 (84.62%) and Plot 3 (89.91%). As for Quercus mongolica community, the similarity was high between the actual vegetation of the lower layer and seed bank in Plot 4 (82.24%) and Plot 6 (89.47%). Especially, the germination of the pine seed banks in the Pinus densiflora community compared to other tree species appeared in all. In Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolicadid not appear among the seeds germinated in the seek bank, but the other tree species constituting the under layer of the community. In case of the restoration based on the actual vegetation, it is desirable to sue the lower layer of vegetation as the model for the making of its alternatives for restoration works of the species.Key Words: Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Seed bank, Vegetation


A critical survey of the known methods of paper chromatography of steroids is given. A new solvent system is described which, in connection with several colour reactions, is particularly applicable to the separation, identification and purity analysis of weakly polar steroids or corresponding esters and ethers. The stationary phase is formed by ethyleneglycol monophenylether (phenylcellosolve) on Whatman paper No. 7, the mobile phase by heptane or a similar non-polar solvent.


The ceramic art has transformed the presentations from traditional to modern The medium may be some material, but also a presenting carrier of arts. This paper mainly explores the possibility of combining the comprehensive medium with the modern ceramics, from the singular form of traditional material to the richness of the modern material. It contributes to the pluralism of ceramics arts.


Web is growing at an astonishing rate, making it necessary to devise effective methods for helping users find what they are looking for. Adaptive query expansion (QE) allows users to better define their search domain by supplementing the original query with additional terms related to their preferences and information needs [3]. While Automatic QE has a long history in the information retrieval community, there are a very few attempts to make this technique adaptive to user current needs (e.g., [6, 1, 7]). Most of the Automatic QE approaches are based on the following assumption: documents classified higher by an initial search contain many useful terms that can help discriminate relevant documents from irrelevant ones. Despite the large number of studies, a crucial issue is that the expansion terms identified through traditional methodologies from the pseudo-relevant documents may not be all useful [2]. One of the failure reasons of the query expansion has been identified in the lack of relevant documents in the local collection. Consequently, some works advance the use of an external resource for query expansion in order to improve the effectiveness of query expansion, such as thesaurus (e.g., WordNet) [4], Wikipedia [8], and search engine query logs [5]. Recently, several authors have focused on social annotations in various tasks, largely motivated by their increasing availability through many Web-based applications. The proposed approach is an extension of the traditional QE techniques, which rely on the computation of two-dimensional co-occurrence matrices. Our system makes use of three-dimensional co-occurrence matrices, where the added dimension is represented by semantic classes (i.e., categories comprising all the terms that share a semantic property) related to the folksonomy extracted from social bookmarking services such as delicious, Digg, and StumbleUpon. The whole procedure of adaptation is completely transparent to the user, as it takes place in an implicit way based on his profile. The user profile is created and dynamically updated using the information related to visited pages and corresponding search queries. The system analyzes the input queries and, if they actually reflect the interests already shown by 1 This is a joint work with my colleagues Claudio Biancalana, Alessandro Micarelli and Giuseppe Sansonetti.


In this paper, we investigate the segregation of Ni impurities in the presence of oxygen vacancies near the boundaries of defects in the structure of perovskite La0.2Sr0.7Ni0.1Ti0.9O2.9 (LSNT), using the example of a model cell with stoichiometry La0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (LST). Lattice defects such as TiO-terminated surface (001) and TiO-terminated antiphase boundary are considered. The VASP package is used to perform quantum mechanical calculations of energies. As a result, it was found that Ni impurity particles tend to segregate at the boundaries of defects for both the surface and the antiphase boundary. Besides, oxygen vacancies enhance the process of segregation. These results confirm experimental observations.


A beacon-less location discovery scheme was proposed due to the following observations: sensors are usually deployed in groups and sensors from the same group may land in different locations that follow a probability distribution.With this prior deployment knowledge,a model was built to reflect inherence information between positions of the object and observations provided by alert sensors.Also a prediction model was set up to offer prior knowledge about moving patterns of the object.Generally speaking,the Bayes rule provides us a suitable way to combine those two kinds of knowledge so as to generate a conditional distribution.By applying the Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE) method to this distribution,the object's accurate positions could be estimated.Experimental results prove that the scheme can get better effect.


SARS is a disease of body, but in these special days, it also becomes a mental disease in some sense. The medical and hygienic staffs who are fighting SARS now have massive working stress and mental pressure, which is called occupational strain. This review is about the stress origins, stress effects, stress evaluation, measures of prevention and control of occupational stress of the medical and hygienic staffs.


The right to health has inherent characteristics and qualities. It is crucial to the pursuit of justice and is a prerequisite for the realization of other rights. The first objective of the paper is to have a historical and theoretical overview of understanding and contemporary concepts of health and the right to health. The second objective of the paper is to track the shifting place of the international right to health and human rights-based approaches to health in the scholarly literature and United Nations.


This paper discusses the web-based electronic ma p's interface,coverage's display,symbols design and label design in terms of its characteristics.Map's interface lay special emphasis on visual artistry a nd convenient;Coverage's display should lay special emphasis on coverage's pl an and parameter;Symbols design should place importance on the sense of sight a nd minimum size.


Movies are brilliant choices to be subjects of discourse analysis since they bear resemblance to real-life phenomena. Lion of The Desert is one of the movies that actualizes the use of the English language as the dialogue and presents Islamic historical values as its content. Among a myriad of sub-disciplines of discourse analysis, this paper attempts to investigate speech act phenomena in the utterances of Omar Mukhtar, the main character of the movie. The discourse analysis is conducted on his utterances in order to extract the types of speech acts he employs. Primary data sources include the movie video file and its script. We execute several procedural steps of extracting the data, commencing with watching the movie while reading its script; re-watching it to identify the aspects like voice, intonation, and mimics; interpreting, and classifying the types of speech acts in accordance with the classification procedure of John R. Searle's speech act theory. The findings revealed four types of speech acts, namely, representative , directive , commissive , and expressive , being identified and classified in Mukhtar's utterances. The most frequently used type of speech act was representative, which is performed in 56 utterances, followed by a directive act which appears in 53 utterances. Commissive and expressive speech acts emerge in 9 and 7 utterances respectively.


The report is written as a case study containing semi-structured interviews with shipping companies and ports that operate on the Swedish east coast. Interviews were conducted with the purpose to obtain possible solutions to how reliability of goods transported in containers can be increased on the Swedish east coast. In this report "reliability" is defined as goods arriving on time. The interviews have been used to investigate which difficulties shipping companies and ports may experience during the winter period in Sweden and if any measures have been, or are to be, taken to reduce these difficulties. The study is limited to feeder vessels with a cargo capacity of 800-1500 TEUs.

According to Christopher Palsson, container export on the Swedish East Coast began in the 1980s when pre-fabricated houses were being shipped to Japan. Since then the volume of goods exported from the Swedish east coast has steadily increased.

During the winter period areas of the Baltic Sea are covered with ice. The area covered by ice varies from year to year and therefore becomes an uncertainty factor for shipping companies and ports. The result in this study shows that the most prominent difficulty that arises is that vessels and goods become covered by ice during the sea voyage, which goes on to suggest that the ice covering the vessels needs to be removed either manually or by melting the ice. Alternatively the goods will be rolled and loaded on the next vessel that arrives since the ice makes the vessel heavier and restricts the draught of the vessel. Other difficulties that the study shows are sight restrictions and strong winds. In the study the authors come to the conclusion that difficulties can be reduced by effective ice removal and well planned loop-schedules.


Heavy metals are widespread chemical elements, many of which are toxic components polluting the biosphere. They include more than 40 are priority pollutants. Every year the danger of their getting them into the soil is increasing. A powerful source of release of harmful heavy metals into the environment are municipal solid waste (MSW) dumps. There are dozens of such these landfills in Irkutsk region, including the largest landfill in Irkutsk. In 2014 and 2019, on the territory of this landfill the landfill leachate was analyzed for the content of general chemical and toxic components. The comparative analysis showed that the landfill soil is extremely dangerous. The excess of MPC of heavy metals in the filtrate ranged from 2.4 to 67.6. The article presents the results of the analysis of landfill leachate taken in 2021 in the sanitary protection zones, and compared with the previously obtained data. It was established that the chemical and biochemical processes between various components of landfill leachates cause the formation of toxic compounds and become sources of infection. Precipitation forms a large amount of leachate which has significant concentrations of especially toxic substances, which inevitably enter the groundwater. In addition to harmful compounds and heavy metals, wastewater also contains pathogenic microorganisms.


The microstructure alteration and phase transformation of pyrophyllite were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis(EDX) techniques and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The following results are obtained:(1)The mechanical treatment by grinding produces a decrease in the particle size of original pyrophyllite with increasing time.With the increase of grinding intensities,the powder appears re-aggregation due to the high surface energy of active particle;(2)The dry grinding leads to lattice structure changed,and it results in phase transformation.Moreover,the sequence of reactions from pyrophyllite,through the anhydride phase,eventually to quartz and amorphous alumina is found,and the above quartz comes from the natural pyrophyllite.


Australia's health system has its historical origins in the United Kingdom. Up until the implementation of the NHS, the Australian healthcare system mirrored the British system. The General Medical Council of Great Britain accredited Australian medical schools until the Australian Medical Council was formed in the 1980s; Australian postgraduate medical training is provided through "royal colleges"; the Australian Medical Association emerged out of the BMA in the 1960s; the public health and hospital systems of Australia are modelled on their British counterparts; and the overall organisation of health services revolves around the pivotal role of the general practitioner.

Promoting access to essential health services: a tram advertises Glasgow's campaign against TB

Formation of the NHS was a defining event for Australian health because of the Australian decision not to follow Britain into a nationalised health system. Though Australian health systems are built on the British model, they have evolved into an Australian version that is currently known as Medicare. The principles of Medicare are similar to those that underlie the NHS—namely, equitable access of all citizens to government funded quality health care—but the current Australian systems of healthcare organisation and funding bear little resemblance to the NHS. In Australia most medical services are provided by private general practitioners and specialists on a fee for service basis that is …


Acceleration sensors are widely deployed in consumer mobile radio terminals. This enables these terminals to provide gait analysis without requiring extra hardware. Gait analysis is useful for a variety of navigation, security, and biomedical applications. This paper provides an overview of the methods used for accelerometer-based gait analysis in mobile devices. It also shows how this analysis has been used in state-of-the-art applications. The most important problems to be solved to improve gait analysis and these applications are also identified.


This event was the third of the 'Failed it to Nailed it' online data seminar series. The event was hosted online through a zoom conference. The event ran for approximately 3 hours in an afternoon session. There were three talks given on different aspects of responsible data management including the ethical dimensions of research data management and different types of legislation with respect to personal and non personal data. These talks covered some of the key concepts that are central to responsible data management alongside some practical methods of carrying these out. The talks were followed by an interactive breakout discussion on the moral and ethical considerations surrounding different aspects of the data lifecycle. The discussions were facilitated by using a set of Moral IT cards developed by researchers at the University of Nottingham.


Artistic features of the ornamental patterns appeared in the traditional storage furniture in Inner Mongolia were discussed from the views of form and connotation.The external forms included the features such as symmetry and balance,unification and variation,contrast and harmony.The internal meanings of the patterns included worship complex,military tradition,and good wishes for life.The discussion would be helpful for the design of modern furniture with national features.


All histories of social science, resting as they do on assumptions about the possibilities of explanation in the social sciences, are laden with implicit recommendations for current research. If they chronicle progress-whether steady or erratic-toward the formulation of general laws of human behavior, they endorse the goal of patterning the social sciences after the idealized form of the natural sciences. If they show instead that purported laws are products of peculiar cultural and temporal circumstances, they suggest that the social sciences are interpretive enterprises. These differences of historical opinion are far from irrelevant to current practice, for social scientists have long been accustomed to invoke precedent to support their definitions of their fields, usually to substantiate their claims to scientific status. Students have been trained to revere those intellectual ancestors whose works can be reinterpreted (or misinterpreted) to suit the standards of the moment; disciplinary forebears' ideas (however misconstrued) have been employed to justify the selection of research problems and their solutions; and polemical histories have been written by champions of rival factions within fields. Thus a discipline's level of consensus on its present identity is reflected in its degree of agreement about its past. Historians writing about the social sciences may have no professional commitment to a disciplinary research program, but the construction they put on the disputes of a given period will nevertheless provide support for some school of social research. Among the human sciences, no field has tolerated greater disagreement than anthropology; many anthropologists have defined their field as a science, but a sizable minority have allied it with the humanities. Hence persons reading the three books under review who are unfamiliar with various anthropological doctrines might well wonder whether these works deal with the same subject. When Sir Edward Evans-Pritchard died in 1973, he was working on a history of anthropology based on his undergraduate lectures which was to take the form of brief biographies of figures he deemed important to the development of the discipline. Because this project was little advanced, his student Andre Singer completed it, using Evans-Pritchard's lifetime corpus of reflections on remote and recent social thinkers-scholarly lectures, journal articles, book introductions, obituaries, and unpublished notes. Singer lists the sources he used at the back of the book, but he does not specify the sources he used for each essay.


redeeming attributes, we are not given any hints in that direction. His book is a powerful if subtle indictment of Peron and, as a corollary, of the 1960s 'revisionist' interpretations of Peronism, guilty of glamorising Peronism and making it acceptable to left-wing university students in their quest for a revolutionary actor. He writes that the process of re-evaluation of Peronism which took place in the 1960s, coupled with 'other intellectual and political stimuli' would 'culminate in a confluence of profound consequences both for the movement led by Peron as for the political life of the country' (p. 17). We know too well what those consequences have been. Now that President Menem offers an avowedly unorthodox version of Peronism, has the time arrived to revise the views of the revisionists? After all, to quote Francois Furet, '[...] history [is] the product of an inherently unstable relationship between the present and the past'. Torre places himself in the analytical tradition that conceives Peronism as the result of the crisis of an exclusionary political order, and the confluence of the working classes with.a leadership that breaks the barriers that confined those same workers to the status of second-class citizens. Peronism is thus seen as a step in the historical process of the integration of the national polity. But does this not contradict the assertion of a relatively open political system in place prior to 1945, albeit its coexistence with weakly institutionalised labour relations? Torre's own account of workers' participation and mobilisation in the 1930s belies the widelyaccepted view that workers were orphaned and excluded by the political system, a predicament from which the argument goes Peron rescued them. But the fact of their full political integration does not deny the crisis of that political system, rife with fraudulent electoral practices and politicians out of touch with the society surrounding them. And a minor point: is it fair to say that in the 1930s ' los nuevos ocupantes del poder se es/uer^an [my italics] por transferir el peso de la crisis hacia los sectores medios y populares' ? Is this an accurate attribution of evil intent? Lack of space prevents me from delving into the events and interpretations that Dr Torre covers in his excellent, illuminating and thought-provoking account. I would nonetheless like to mention the tautness with which political events surrounding the 1943 coup are analysed, the internationalisation of Argentine politics at the time of World War II, and the depth of feeling against Argentine nationalists' neutrality. And finally, Peron's ruthless pursuit in 1943 of his aim to achieve power with that mixture of persuasion, concessions and repression that seasoned trade unionists found so difficult to resist.


The energy transition and the decarbonization of transport dictate a switch towards electrification in the naval sector. Ferries, among the different types of ships, are those most suited for a full electrification, consisting in the replacement of engines with electric motor drives and fuel tanks with electrochemical energy storage systems. However, some cost issues and energy storage technological limitations still hamper full electrification, making partial electrification more practical, which can still be effective in reducing pollutant emissions in ports and surrounding areas. The aim of this work is to investigate some issues related to onboard energy storage systems needed for electric ferries. The Ro-Ro Elio ferry, operating in the Strait of Messina is considered as a case study. Some different solutions are investigated, in terms of economic/enviromental efficiency, which is the cost of preventing the emission of a kg of CO2.


The construction of urban forest is an important way to improve the urban ecological environment,and the vegetation structure characteristics and care engineering are the major factors to maintenance urban forest ecosystem health and main measures to keep urban forest sustainable.This research is about the vegetation structure characteristics,biodiversity,DBH(diameter of breast height of tree) distribution of trees;and about the care measures,such as the control of pests,water and nutrition management and the prune of trees in Shenyang urban forest.This research can give a useful help to Shenyang urban forest ecosystem health management in the future.


Studies of virus evolution within caterpillars and bacteria show that greater host mobility is associated with the emergence of more infective parasites.


The invention relates to a dual-MOS structure silicon-based electro-optical modulator. The structure of the modulator comprises the following parts from top to bottom respectively: a top-layer silicon waveguide layer, a top layer insulated gate layer, a middle layer silicon waveguide layer, a bottom layer insulated gate layer, a bottom layer silicon waveguide layer, a buried oxide SiO2 layer and a Si substrate, wherein the top layer silicon waveguide layer and the bottom layer silicon waveguide layer are N-type doped silicon layers; the middle layer silicon waveguide layer is a P-type doped silicon layer; the middle part of the P-type doped silicon layer is provided with a light splitting layer which is divided into two layers with the same thickness; and the light splitting layer splits an incident beam into two beams of same light propagations. The structure also comprises a grounding electrode arranged on the N-type doped silicon layer and a metal electrode arranged on the P-type doped silicon layer, and the insulated gate layers are made of a SiO2 material. The dual-MOS structure silicon-based electro-optical modulator has quick modulation speed, high efficiency and small device dimension, can adopt different gate materials and different dimensions and can select different doping densities.


This article seeks to underline the role played in project work by the history of city development. From the outset, the teaching on this subject at the Faculty of Architecture of Warsaw University of Technology combined theory and practice together closely, as is evidenced by both the curriculum as such and the ways in which it was taught. Moreover, it is attested clearly in the CVs of those who taught the subject. This paper, therefore, presents the roles played by various different urban planners and researchers into the history of urban planning, when it comes to the evolution of teaching on planning propaedeutic and urban-planning design. From the moment it came into being in 1915, the Faculty of Architecture had thought architectural planning and planning as such, as well as urban-planning design, with this also linking up with the study of the history of architecture and the history of city planning. Only the second institution in Poland (after Lvov in 1913) to establish a Department of City Planning (hence one dealing with urban-planning design), lecturers here were both practising architects and urban planners, and researchers in the field of history. The co-founder of the Faculty of Architecture, Tadeusz Tołwiński (1887-1951) began teaching in this field with a view to its serving as a basis for further work on design in cultural circles. And in his first handbook on urban-planning design (from 1934), that author devoted his first volume to a discussion of historical cities. The second then dealt with the design of the contemporary city, while the third volume dealt with the design of urban green space. T. Tołwiński's approach to design took account of the achievements in the new field thereof that urban planning represented, such as the zoning of cities and the development of communal transport; while also linking this up with the sensitivity of a designer seeking to create a beautiful and healthy environment for living in the city that is at the same time loaded with significance. Wacław Ostrowski (1907-1990) expanded the scope of teaching on the urban-planning history in order to include the city in the times of the Industrial Revolution, as well as the start of the 20th century. Affording broad treatment to the matter of history of city planning, he at the same time drew attention to the ecological, social and cultural dimensions of the city creation process. Teresa Zarębska (1932-2003) continued with teaching of the basics of urban-planning design as first laid out by her predecessors. In her activity, she focused on research work, the results of which gained immediate implementation in the teaching programme for the subject, officially known as the History of City Planning. However, it was further her service to expand the teaching to include matters of the protection of urban structures. She then combined her research and teaching work with activity serving the protection of heritage towns and cities. And through to the present day, a key thrust to the teaching at WAPW has been for theory to link up with practice. For ultimately, there is no way to design in European cities without having some knowledge of the way in which they developed.


The non-minimum-phase characteristics of physical plants strongly limit the openloop gain-bandwidth that can be achieved in output feedback control systems. Global limits due to NMP zeros and unstable poles on the achievable bandwidths are stated.


This paper explores the problem of designing a Web site that meets the needs of both an evolving community and an evolving business. It reports a case study of a business that introduced an e-tail site and an associated on-line community. The site development used an existing community-centered development method. The study found that participants had different motivations for visiting the site—some only wanted product information and purchase, some were seeking social support and information, others sought a more intense experience and greater social involvement. Failure to recognize the separate needs of these clusters resulted in not fully achieving business- and community- building goals. The analysis of the relationship between Web site design, cluster needs, and business goals offers a conceptual framework for co-evolving community and business.


BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to establish whether pump prime aprotinin could limit the cytokine responses in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery.

METHODS
Twenty-one patients admitted for first-time elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized into control or aprotinin groups. Patients in the aprotinin group received 280 mg aprotinin in the pump prime. Leukocyte count, creatine kinase cardiac isoenzyme (CK-MB), cytokine production and postoperative blood loss were analyzed perioperatively and compared with preoperative values.

RESULTS
The peak level of leukocyte count was lower in the aprotinin group than in controls (9.3 +/- 0.58 vs 11.2 +/- 0.68 x 10(9)/L, p = 0.01). Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 did not differ significantly between the groups throughout the study period. Plasma IL-10 levels were higher in the controls than in the aprotinin group at 5 min (49.6 +/- 24.9 vs 8.13 +/- 2.8 pg/ml, p = 0.01) after reperfusion.

CONCLUSION
Pump prime aprotinin fails to limit proinflammatory cytokine response in circulating blood.


through time. They rather seem to have popped up straight from the brains of economists, pushing back what was left of the 'shadow of the Church dogma' (97) – while it could be argued that this dogma precisely encouraged the development of financial techniques aimed at hiding interest rates, such as exchange. When it comes to the diffusion of the western model, the brief chapter devoted to Islamic finance, visibly intended to counter accusations of western-centrism, may have the opposite effect. Skimming 13 centuries between the Koranic ban on usury and the creation of OPEC, Geisst seems mostly concerned with the introduction of western banking in the Islamic world and its adaptation to religious concerns. Here again, western debt instruments seem to suddenly submerge a financially virgin land in the twentieth century – although Ronald Jennings' research in this area proved long ago that this is not the case. Just as the author's area of specialization determines the uneven structure of the book, his enthusiasm for specific topics, figures and episodes in the history of finance sometimes leads to developments that pull away from the subject matter, to the detriment of a more focused analysis. The special attention devoted to compound interest throughout the whole book is never justified, and does not appear self-evident, since simple interest was as likely to keep borrowers in perpetual debt and at the mercy of their creditors (as experienced by several Latin America countries in the 1980s). The personal stories of various renowned figures (from ancient theologians to early modern jurists and twentieth-century businessmen) certainly add a picturesque dimension to the book but tend to dissolve the argument. On the other hand, themes that may seem crucial for understanding the history of usury and debt, such as the democratization of bank credit, the power relations at stake in defining the limit between excessive and acceptable interest rates, or the entangled histories of consumer, corporate and governmental credit, are evoked in various places without ever being developed leaving the reader frustrated. Scholars may be disappointed by potentially misleading overviews of their own areas of research. They will also regret that endnotes are kept to a minimum, leading to many unsupported claims while limiting the reader's possibility to further investigate. A broader audience may find Geisst's beguiling style and thought-provoking questions a more enjoyable read. Nevertheless, Beggar Thy Neighbor remains a rich and lively introduction to contemporary western finance.


An investigation was carried out among 232 infants of Nanshan district of Shenzhen city.The Fe deficient anemia of these infants and its provention were analysed.The results were studied and the prevention methods were proposed.


Tensor (A2) exchange amplitudes in K±N charge exchange (CEX) are constructed from the K±N CEX data supplemented by information on the vector (ρ) exchange amplitudes from πN sca tering. We observed new features in the t‐structure of A2 exchange amplitudes which contradict the t‐de pendence anticipated by most of the Regge models. The results also provide evidence for violation of weak exchange degeneracy.


The present invention provides a safe and highly active melanin production inhibitor. More specifically, the Formula 1 As an active ingredient a class of compounds which have a germanate cron-like skeleton represented in. These compounds are obtained by purifying from plants such as zedoary and turmeric shows 400 times the inhibitory effect on melanin production of arbutin. The melanin production inhibitor, various oily materials and water, an alcohol, a polyhydric alcohol and the like cosmetic base and medical external base, various surfactants, pH adjusting agents, various water soluble polymers, antioxidants , formulated to be content of 0.000001% to 1.0% in the formulation with additives such as humectants.


We present a model-based experimental design methodology for accelerating 3D etch optimization with demonstration on 3D NAND structures. The design and optimization of etch recipes for such 3D structures face significant challenges requiring costly and time-consuming experiments in order to achieve the required tolerances. 3D NAND memory devices additionally require accurate nanofabrication of high aspect ratio trenches and isolation slits, which are challenging to manufacture reliably within specifications. Our model efficiently captures the relevant physical and chemical processes, which allows them to be calibrated using a limited number of experimental samples and can reproduce realistic 3D etch of multilayer materials, including bowing, necking, and tapering. Since our GPU-powered simulations run in a matter of minutes, the relevant process parameter space can be explored extensively in a short amount of time. The calibrated physics-based model can be used to train adaptive machine-learning-based heuristics which enable near-instant queries, for example for data visualization and analytics. With this approach, we show a rapid methodology for locating optimal windows in the process parameter space for etching 3D structures. Optimality metrics under consideration include both conformances to specified tolerances as well as robustness against process parameter variations. These techniques can reduce cost and time to market for complex multi-layer three-dimensional device designs and improve semiconductor device yields.


The historical derivation of the informed consent concept is long set tled.1 Nevertheless, there is still a substantial split of agreement between the courts and the authorities of the medical-legal community as to what is the correct standard for determining the extent of information disclosed to a patient in creating the physician's duty to inform. At present, there are two tests used by the courts in ascertaining whether a physician made available enough information to allow the patient to make an informed decision as to what shall be done with his body.2 Noteworthy as it may seem, neither the courts employing these tests, nor their commentators, have addressed the questions of what the in dividual patient actually understands or what he wants to know. There for, this article addresses the issue of the need to protect the rights of all patients as individuals. A discussion of those important questions and a modest proposal to their answers follow.


Book design when it comes to titles with mass print runs, or mainstream titles, is a problem avoided by critical discourse in Lithuania. The art of the book design as a separate field tends to be perceived largely as a branch of graphic art created to illustrate books. There is no research dedicated to aspects as book structure and typography of mass production titles. Art critics prefer to dwell on original


This new 18-page publication of the UF/IFAS Florida 4-H Youth Development Program is intended for 4-H members who want to participate in the Florida 4-H Tailgating Contest. The purpose of this document is to provide all relevant resources for youth to be able to participate in the Florida 4-H Tailgating Contest.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h423


The invention provides a waterborne matte silver transfer painting and a preparation method therefor. The painting comprises 60 wt%-85 wt% of waterborne polyurethane, 10 wt%-30 wt% of deionized water, 1 wt%-4 wt% of anti-foaming agents, 1.5 wt%-5.0 wt% of gas-phase alumina, 0.5 wt%-1.5 wt% of wetting dispersants and 1.0 wt%-3.0 wt% of preservatives. Through addition of gas-phase alumina into the waterborne matte silver transfer painting, gas-phase alumina can form an uneven slightly-rough surface on the surface of a painting film. When light is incident, diffuse reflection is formed, thus the painting film is in a no light or matte state, and therefore the purpose of light extinction is achieved. Because of the small aperture and good of gas-phase alumina, the hue of the painting film is even and single.


This final report dealing with inactive records management in Internal Warehouse of PT Sari Husada I Yogyakarta gives details on the practice of inactive records management conducted during PKL. The practice copes five stages�survey, classification, description, filing, box-placement and labeling.
There are three methods employed in the practice. The first method is observation and practice. It tries to examine the employees� daily activities associated with records and then directly practicing inactive records management. The second one is literature study applied to collect data from books or other texts related with inactive records. Lastly, interview is the last method used by proposing some questions about inactive records management to one in charge in IW inactive records.
The result of PKL shows that inactive records management in IW is conducted well. This can be seen from the availability of records center, filing system, and scheduled records disposal. After all, it still lacks of human resources to perform the management routinely that it ends in poor inactive records arrangement.


We show that propositional Hoare logic is subsumed by the type calculus of typed Kleene algebra augmented with subtypes and typecasting. Assertions are interpreted as typecast operators. Thus Hoare-style reasoning with partial correctness assertions reduces to typechecking in this system.


For many years people have studied the structure of the eye. This article is devoted to the changes in the structure of the cornea in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. With the advent of modern technology, which allows the in vivo study of individual structures of the eye, significant changes in the endothelium of the cornea were found in patients with primary glaucoma. In recent years, more attention was being paid to the interrelation of the pathogenesis of glaucoma with the biomechanics of the eye. Therefore, the review gave consideration to such aspects as biomechanical, biochemical features of the structure of the cornea in normal and pathological changes related to primary glaucoma. The cornea is a highly sensitive tunic of the eye. In various pathological conditions of the eye its sensitivity can be greatly reduced or completely disappear, so its definition can be very informative. This article provides information about the condition and the sensitivity changes of the cornea in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. A decrease in tear production leading to the development of the dry eye syndrome was noted to be a side effect of all hypotensive drops which contain preservative agents. A literature review regarding this question is also provided. This article also presents data about the morphological changes of the cornea related to primary glaucoma according to confocal microscopy.


The chemisorption of ethene, propene, but-1-ene, cis- and trans-but-2-ene and but-2-yne has been studied on a Pt(111) surface using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). The results have been compared with transmission infrared spectra of the alkenes adsorbed on a finely divided impregnated Pt/SiO2 catalyst.On the Pt(111) surface ethene, propene and but-1-ene are adsorbed in the corresponding n-alkylidyne form CH3(CH2)nCPt3(n= 0, 1, 2) at room temperature. The cis- and trans-but-2-enes are adsorbed in the form of but-2-yne bonded to the surface in a di-σ/π fashion, as was confirmed by adsorption of but-2-yne itself.The room-temperature spectra of ethene, propene and but-1-ene on Pt/SiO2 all exhibited prominent absorptions from the n-alkylidyne, but other adsorbed species also contributed to the spectra, considered to be predominantly the appropriate di-σ species PtCH2CH(R)Pt (R = H, CH3, C2H5) together with smaller amounts of the relevant π-complexes. In the case of the cis- and trans-but-2-enes, virtually identical spectra were obtained on Pt/SiO2 but with many of the same prominent features as from but-1-ene. Clearly the finely divided catalyst had sites which led to double-bond isomerization. A smaller proportion of di-σ/π bonded but-2-yne was also present.The infrared spectra proved to be very effective at delineating the similarities and differences between the species chemisorbed on Pt(111) and on the Pt/SiO2 catalyst.


The contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in seeds of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton were determined by RP-HPLC. Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid was separated and analyzed on Kromasil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) using methanol-water (87:13)as mobile phase at flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. UV detection was at 210 nm and the column temperature was 28℃. An average recovery of 100.6% was obtained with a RSD of 1.6% in the range of 0.10~4.00μg for ursolic acid, and an average recovery or 98.7% was obtained with a RSD of 1.2% in the range of 0.05~2.00μg for oleanolic acid. The method is sensitive, fast and accurate. It can be used for the determination of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid.


In this contribution the new event generation framework SHERPA will be presented. It aims at the full simulation of events at current and future high-energy experiments, in particular the LHC. Some results related to the production of jets at the Tevatron will be discussed.


A simple and efficient synthesis of eight-membered lactone, Cephalosporolide D has been accomplished from inexpensive and commercially available starting materials. This synthesis utilizes α-aminoxylation catalyzed by L-proline reaction, Jacobsen's hydrolytic kinetic resolution and Yamaguchi macrolactonization as key steps.


Expedience of perfection of management of material and technical supply of enterprises of a build complex on the basis of logistic approach is grounded.


When it comes to study methods is there one method that works for everyone or is there a method unique to each individual and we have to figure that out for ourselves? In the light of some of the controversy surrounding brain dominance theory, does knowledge of brain dominance help or hinder learning? The answer to the first question is YES and NO! The answer to the second question is: it can do either. To better understand how best to study, we need to first look at where this all happens your brain.


Rapid growth in the economy and increase in the discretionary income of the people with easy finance schemes have made India as one of the most attractive markets for the consumer durable companies...


X-ray computed microtomography (μ-CT) was applied as a noninvasive three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique for characterization of solid cellular material microstructure. Comparison between morphologies of two versions (summer and winter) of polyurethane (PUR) expanding foam (commercially available as the one-component 1K hand-held foams, applicable in building sector) was done. The evident relationship between processing and microstructure was explained. The most significant morphometric parameters were obtained via quantitative and qualitative 3D microstructure μ-CT analysis. The analysis embraced computing: dimensions of the selected structural elements (struts or pores), the average surface areas and volumes either of solid matrix or pores (open and close), as well as porosity assessment. The pores diameters (structure separation) statistical distributions were found and resulted as heterogeneous for both PUR versions, as revealed via proposed Gaussian μ-CT data analysis ("double Gauss" model).


It pointed out that semi flexible pavement,as a new type pavement,combined characteristics of traditional asphalt pavement and cement pavement,which had some advantages in road performance.Through analyzing development situation at home and aboard,it concluded that many aspects should be further studied.


turnover. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to leave job by organizational and personal norm breaking behaviors in nurses of public hospitals of Yazd province. Methods: This analytical study was conducted on 292 nurses of public hospitals in Yazd province, 2010. Subjects were selected by simple random sampling method and Morgan table. Data were collected by the questionnaire and were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. Findings: Nurses' job satisfaction both directly and indirectly led to decrease in Turnover by decreased organizational and personal norm breaking behaviors. Male, married and less experienced nurses had more intention for organizational norm breaking behaviors and leaving job than others. Nobody had intention for interpersonal norm breaking behaviors. Conclusion: It seems that job dissatisfaction is the most important factor for Turnover in nurses. Since there is negative relationship between job satisfaction and Turnover, increasing in job satisfaction will result in decreasing norm breaking behaviors.


A Markovian approach to model the energy production and power availability of a wind turbine is proposed. The wind speed time variability is taken into account by means of wind speed classification in a discrete reduced number of contiguous classes, each corresponding to an opportune range of values, starting from field measurement data. The duration of each class is statistically treated so to preserve information about its duration and the transition rates into all the other classes. The results obtained for the proposed wind model are compared with those obtained by means of a wind model which assumes the wind speed transitions as possible only among contiguous classes. Then, the wind turbine availability is taken into account by means of a simple model. Applications of the whole system obtained models to evaluate power availability expected values and to size local energy reserve units or alternative energy sources are presented.


The surgeon can skewer a dislocated or subluxed lens with a trochar from a 25-gauge spinal needle to fixate the lens when removing it through the anterior segment.


Let G 1 and G 2 be two groups. If there exists a homomorphism ϕ : G 1 → G 2 such that ϕ ( a ) = b , where a ∈ G 1 and b ∈ G 2 , then a group G 1 degenerates to a group G 2 . In this paper, we study degeneration in graphs and show that degeneration in groups is a particular case of degeneration in graphs. We exhibit some interesting properties of degeneration in graphs. We use this concept to present a pictorial representation of graphs realized by finite abelian groups. We discus some partial orders on the set T p 1 ··· p n of all graphs realized by finite abelian p r -groups, where each p r , 1 ≤ r ≤ n , is a prime number. We show that each finite abelian p r -group of rank n can be identified with saturated chains of Young diagrams in the poset T p 1 ··· p n . We present a combinatorial formula which represents the degree of a projective representation of a symmetric group. This formula determines the number of different saturated chains in T p 1 ··· p n and the number of finite abelian groups of different orders.


Simple Summary The main pollinator for the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, in Malaysia and Indonesia is Elaeidobius kamerunicus. The weevil species is not native to these countries, but it was introduced from Cameroon, West Africa, in 1981 to improve pollination efficiency, thus improving bunch formation and yield. Forty years after the weevil introduction, recent reductions in bunch yield reported in Malaysia caused by poor bunch formation could be associated with a decrease in pollination efficiency due to the founder effect. Several genetic diversity studies of weevil populations based on morphological and mitochondrial markers have been carried out; however, the studies did not provide sufficient evidence for explaining the genetic variation, particularly at the intra-species level. This study aims to develop a set of robust E. kamerunicus-specific nuclear DNA markers to directly assess the genetic diversity of weevil populations. The marker development lays the foundation for future applications by extending the survey into larger areas where the oil palm is cultivated to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity and inbreeding occurrence status of E. kamerunicus in these introduced regions. This could facilitate sustainable genetic monitoring and conservation planning of E. kamerunicus, especially in non-native oil palm-growing countries. Abstract The oil palm-pollinating weevil (Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust) was introduced from Cameroon, West Africa, to Malaysia in 1981, and subsequently, to other oil palm-growing countries as well. This study aims to develop a set of robust E. kamerunicus-specific nuclear DNA markers to directly assess the genetic diversity of the weevil populations. A total of 19,148 SNP and 223,200 SSR were discovered from 48 weevils representing three origins (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Riau) using RAD tag sequencing. Subsequent filtering steps further reduced these to 1000 SNP and 120 SSR. The selected 220 SNP exhibited a polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.2387 (±0.1280), and 8 SSR had the PIC of 0.5084 (±0.1928). These markers were found to show sufficient polymorphism, making it possible to assign 180 weevils into three major clusters from Ghana, Cameroon, and Southeast Asia (mainly in Malaysia and Indonesia). These DNA markers successfully confirmed the Cameroon origin of the Southeast Asian cluster. However, the presence of null alleles in the SSR markers, due to limited flexibility of the probe design on the short RAD tags, led to an underestimation of heterozygosity within the populations. Hence, the developed SNP markers turned out to be more efficient than the SSR markers in the genetic diversity assessment of the E. kamerunicus populations. The genetic information provides useful insight into developing guidelines for the genetic monitoring and conservation planning of E. kamerunicus.


The influences of curing conditions on the pore structure of cement-based material with different water-binder ratios were investigated via mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP).The results show that curing condition has substantial influence on the pore structure of cement-based material.Compared to the saturated curing,the sealed curing increases the pore content(mass volume)in 100-1 000nm but decreases that in10nm.By sealed curing the specific surface area of cement-based material is decreased,while the porosity(by volume)for pastes is increased,but the porosity for mortars has less obvious change.The secondary cementitious material,ground granulated blast furnace slag(65%,by mass)and silica fume(5%,by mass),show limited capacity to resist the pore percolation by self-desiccation.


We investigate the dust energy balance for the edge-on galaxy IC 2531, one of the seven galaxies in the HEROES sample. We perform a state-of-the-art radiative transfer modelling based, for the first time, on a set of optical and near-infrared galaxy images. We show that by taking into account near-infrared imaging in the modelling significantly improves the constraints on the retrieved parameters of the dust content. We confirm the result from previous studies that including a young stellar population in the modelling is important to explain the observed stellar energy distribution. However, the discrepancy between the observed and modelled thermal emission at far-infrared wavelengths, the so-called dust energy balance problem, is still present: the model underestimates the observed fluxes by a factor of about two. We compare two different dust models, and find that dust parameters, and thus the spectral energy distribution in the infrared domain, are sensitive to the adopted dust model. In general, the THEMIS model reproduces the observed emission in the infrared wavelength domain better than the popular BARE-GR-S model. Our study of IC 2531 is a pilot case for detailed and uniform radiative transfer modelling of the entire HEROES sample, which will shed more light on the strength and origins of the dust energy balance problem.


Tubo in the Ming Dynasty was called"Fan"or"West Fan".West Fan changed in many aspect ad different from Fan in the Yuan Dynasty.Zhang Yuxing's book Textual Research on Administration in Boarder Areas described in details about the tribes in West Fan,which showed the distribution of Tibetan in He,Huang,Ming areas.


Hard rock hydrogeology in recent years assumes great importance in view of the interent complexities of the flow system. Systematic attempts are being made in many parts of the world to understand the groundwater behaviour, flow regime and water balance in varying climatic conditions and basin configurations. Peninsular India provides vast scope for such investigations under varied climatic and geological conditions.


In this study,chemical components,phase ingredient,morphology and susceptibility of magnetic pyrite cinder obtained from a company were characterized by using XRF(X-ray fluorescence),XRD(X-ray diffraction),FE-SEM(field emission scanning electron microscope)and magnetic susceptibility analysis,respectively.The results showed that the iron level reached to 64.78%and the impurity were mainly composed of Si,Al and S;the phase ingredients mainly consist of magnetite,maghemite,hematite and a trace amount of quartz;its magnetic susceptibility was up to 18000×10-8 m3/kg;and its specific surface area was up to2.83m2/g when magnetic pyrite cinder was heat-treated in lean oxygen atmosphere.Furthermore,the newly formed pyrite cinder was a kind of aggregation of polycrystals with the size of nano-micro scale and with porous characteristics.The high specific surface area and strong magnetic pyrite cinder formed by this treatment could be used as a material in the fields of adsorption and magnetic separation.The results also provide a new way to induce the phase transformation of pyrite to produce nano mineral materials by thermal decomposition.


Cloud manufacturing (CMfg) has become a brand‐new service‐oriented networked manufacturing. The key technology that achieves this manufacture mode is to aggregate all kinds of potential CMfg services to create value‐added composite CMfg services, so as to satisfy various manufacturing requirements. As massive CMfg services with the same manufacturing functionalities and different quality of service (QoS) are emerging on the Internet, CMfg services dynamic composition becomes more and more complex. One challenge of this technology is how to efficiently solve the problem of multipath CMfg services dynamic composition. Another challenge is how to conquer the overconstrained problem occurred in the process of CMfg services dynamic composition. To tackle these two issues, this paper proposes an approach for multipath CMfg services dynamic composition based on improved QoS constraint hierarchies (CHs) model. First, a QoS constraints description model with new evaluation function is propounded based on the CHs theory to conquer the overconstrained problem; second, improved max–min ant system (MMAS) is put forward by introducing improved transfer rule, new global pheromone updating rule and mutation mechanism into MMAS, and then an optimization algorithm named culture genetic MMAS is constructed for multipath CMfg services dynamic composition. Finally, experimental results and performance comparison prove that the proposed method is both effective and efficient.


The recent status of the EMU01 experiment where nuclear emulsions are used as both target/detector material for horizontally exposed stacks and as detector for vertically exposed chamber plates is discussed. An investigation of the behaviour in the number of produced particles per participating nucleon reveal weak nonlinear effects for the most central collisions. Intermittency index can be obtained from the density distributions for S+Au and S+Ag interactions which corresponds to fractal dimensions somewhat smaller than unity.


Totally 30 different paddy field soils were collected from in and around Thanjavur District,
Tamilnadu and their physico-chemical properties were analyzed. Among them, 11 samples were
loamy soil, 11 samples were sandy loam and the rest of 8 samples were sandy clay loam. The
pH (8.2-5.8) ,bulk density (1.65g / cm3 - 1.00g/cm3 ),water holding(61.85% - 10.86%),electrical
conductivity (2.40 - 0.19), organic carbon (1.27% - 0.11%),total nitrogen (1.78% - 0.55%),
phosphorus content (1.17% - 0.11%), potassium (1.85% - 1.14%) also available micronutrients
like Zn (2.02% - 1.06%), Cu (3.78% - 1.27%), Fe (10.47% - 7.10%), Mn (5.95% - 2.66%), B
(0.594% - 0.28%), available nitrogen(203.0kg/acre - 110.0kg/acre), phosphorous (9.10kg/acre -
3.85 kg/acre), potassium (340 kg/acre - 245 kg/acre) were in all sampling station.


The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has identified competitiveness concerns as perhaps the most significant barrier to ambitious climate policies in the developed world. This article assesses the nature of these concerns, and argues that they are not necessarily the rational response to a clear and obvious impact of climate policies on international competitiveness, but are politically constructed. Competitiveness concerns reflect a 'trade-off' frame of this relationship, in which international competitiveness and climate policies are portrayed as conflicting. However, an analysis of Canadian climate policy reveals that governments can reframe this relationship, invoking a 'synergy' frame in which the two goals are viewed as complementary. Because governments can choose to adopt a different frame of competitiveness, to the extent that competitiveness concerns serve as a barrier to more ambitious climate politics, it is a barrier that can be overcome. Policy relevance Statements about the impact that climate policy has on international competitiveness should not be accepted as clear and obvious, but need to be carefully scrutinized. Hence, governments have greater scope for action on climate change than is sometimes claimed.


Objective*"To compare clinical results of five methods for the treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis Methods*"Of 63 patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis,3 cases were treated with conservative treatment (A),25 with decompression of spinal cord (B),12 with decompression of spinal cord combined with reduction and fixation of Hartshill frame and fusion with "H" graft (C),10 with decompression of spinal cord combined with reduction and fixation of Dick nail and fusion of bone intratransverse process (D),13 with decompression of spinal cord combined with reduction and fixation of Steffee plate and fusion of bone intravertebral (E).Results*"The follow up period ranged from 3 months to 10 years,with an average of 12 5 months.According to the curative effect evaluation cirterion,the excellent and good rate of the A,B,C,D and E five methods were 66 7%,92 0%,41 7%,70 0% and 92 3% respectively.Conclusion*"The conservative treatment method is effective in treating most patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.During the operation,the stability of spinal posterior column should be remained as much as possible on the basis of complete decompression for the patient of stable type.Of the three internal fixation apparatus,the Steffee plate is most suitable for reduction and fixation of lumbar spondylolisthesis.


Objective Among the various components of metabolic syndrome(MS),this investigation attempt to find the most important one.Furthermore,to verify the feasibility of using waist circumference(WC)for assessing the diagnostic criteria for MS proposed by the CDS in 2004.Methods Among 163 cases recruited,80 patients met the criteria of MS and 83 cases were diagnosed as non-metabolic syndrome group(non-MS).Age,WC,body mass index(BMI),fasting plasma glucose,lipid profile,blood pressure were compared between patients of MS and non-MS.Logistic regression analysis and area under curve(AUC)of receiver-operating characteristic(ROC)were used to study the predictive value of WC.Results Patients with CDS-defined MS showed a significantly higher age,WC,SBP,DBP,fasting plasma glucose,triglycerides(TG),1/HDL-C when compared with non-MS group.After adjusting for age,the family history of diabetes and hypertension,smoke,multiple logistic regression analysis revealed WC was the most important predictive factor for MS group.ROC analysis showed that the AUC of WC was 0.92 in the males,the cut-off value is 89.5 cm,the sensitivity was 0.84,the specificity was 0.93;the AUC of WC was 0.93 in the females,the sensitivity was 0.97,the specificity was 0.81 when cut-off value is 80.8 cm.This investigation has shown that smoking was also a component of MS.The relative risk of MS in current smokers and sustained smoker was higher than that of abstinence(6.88 vs 1.00 and 3.96 vs 1.00).Conclusion Central obesity is the riskest indicator for the diagnostic criteria for MS proposed by the CDS,WC is verified to be the accuracy and satisfactory predictive indicators for MS.Smoking may be a novel component of MS.


We review the performance and applications of an optical differentiation wavefront sensor based on binary pixelated filters that synthesize a continuous linear field transmission profile yielding the wavefront slope in the transmission gradient direction.


of typhoid fever. Peyer's patches showed very characteristically the stage of swelling and elevation, and the solitary glands were also swollen and the mesenteric glands greatly enlarged. He exhibited also the intestines of a girl aged 18, who had died on the fifty-second day of the fever. iler symptoms had been retraction of the abdomen up to the thirtyfifth day, with obstinate constipation. After the thirty-fifth day the abdomen became distended and tender, and the po8tmortem examination showed that the changes were chiefly in the large intestine, the solitary glands of which were extensively ulcerated. The solitary glands of the lower end of the ileum were also the seats of ulceration, and in one a perforatiot had occurred; and although the aperture had been stopped with feces, and extravasation had not taken place, peritonitis, with a considerable purulent effusion in the right ileo-csecal region, was present.-Dr. O'CARROLL presented specimens from a case of enteric fever, in which perforation of the intestine occurred on the thirty-sixth day, the patient not dying till the fifty-ninth day. The intestines in the hypogastric and pelvic regions were found matted together by peritonitis, while a perforation was found in the ileum leading into an abscess cavity full of grumous purulent material. All the intestinal ulcers, except that in which the perforation occurred, were healed. No ulceration of Peyer's Zpatches could be recognised. Modern Methods of Isolatinq Typhoid Bacilli out of Bacterial MixTtures.-Dr. M'WEENEY read a paper dealing with modern methods of isolating typhoid bacilli out of bacterial mixtures, :and showed some plate and potato cultures illustrative of Uffelmann's procedure. One of the chief difficulties met with in the investigation of water and food-stuffs suspected to contain typhoid bacilli was that there were usually present a -very much larger number of putrefactive germs of all kinds, which, being more intensely saprophytic than the typhoid -organism, grew on laboratory substrata much more luxuriantly, and producing rapid liquefaction of the gelatine, spoilt the plates before the sought-for germs had had time to develop into visible colonies. This difficulty was especially hard to overcome when diagnostic cultivation from faeces had to be made. It had been proposed to suck up with sterilised pipettes or filter paper the fluid from the liquefying colonies, a-nd substitute sublimate solution. This was a bad method for the manipulations involved great exposure of the plates and consequent risk of contamination. A much better procedure was to make the sowings on gelatine or agar, to which had been added some substance antagonistic to the growth of most other organisms, but favourable to, or at any not inhlbitory of, the growth of the typhoid germs. Chantemesse and Widall foundthatO.2percent. of phenol, whenaddedtogelatine, prevented the other organisms from developing, but permitted of the growth of the bacillus of Eberth. Thoinot's modifica--tion-of this procedure, and Holz's observations and objections2 were next dealt with. Dr. M'Weeney then described Noeggerath's method by coloured nutrient substrata, and -Gasser's modification,3 and finally Uffelmann's method4 of acidifying the substratum with citric acid, and colouring it with methyl violet, were gone into. He had employed Uffel"mann's method and found it distinctly useful, though in one of his cases bacilli was present (in fieces) which grew most -abundantly in the medium, but proved, in inoculation on potatoes, not to be the true typhoid organism. He always used parallel cultures of the genuine typhoid bacilli in every diagnostic research. Based on somewhat different principles, but occasionallyuseful, were Kitasato's negative indol reaction, and Petruschky's litmus method. Lastly, allusion was made to the various attempts to ascertain the precise degree of reliability to be attached to the potato culture as a means of diagnosing typhoid from other bacilli.-Dr. M. A. BOYD discussed the paper. Specimens.-Dr. LITTLE showed the Heart and Aorta of a of a patient, aged 36, who had died of cardiac dropsy, and who had during life a very localised diastolic murmur limited to the right second costal eartilage and exophthalmos. After death the left ventricle was found hypertrophied, and the aortic valve incompetent, and there were signs of ulcerative