The results of the phase relations near ternary eutectic point in the Ag-In-Sb system are investigated in this paper. Phase equilibrium calculation was done using Thermocalc software and experimental DTA results for the chosen alloys in the isopleths with molar ration of In:Sb = 7:3; 9:1 and 1:1. The structural characteristics of these alloys have been investigated using light optic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, while hardness measurements have also been done. Solidification path for three ternary alloys located on three different investigated isopleths was calculated using Pandat software.


Abstract A four-box model of the ocean–atmosphere is constructed that exhibits self-sustained oscillations in the regime of decadal to interdecadal periods found in oceanic general circulation models under certain boundary conditions. The oscillations are assumed to be caused by a type of baroclinic instability that relies on the store of available potential energy in the ocean. To represent this process in a low-order model, the authors propose Landau's equation to govern the evolution of the overturning branch of the oceanic circulation. The domains of the unstable oscillations are found from linear stability analysis, and the nonlinear regimes are explored numerically. On these long timescales the atmospheric temperatures follow the oceanic temperatures. If the atmospheric temperatures are forced to be constant, the oscillations become strongly damped and disappear. The implications of the simple physics of this model for the decadal oscillations observed in more complex two- or three-dimensional GCMs ...


While cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their pro-tumoral effects have been demonstrated in systemic cancers, CAFs had been presumed absent in glioblastoma given the lack of normal fibroblasts in the healthy brain. Here, we show that 5–26% (mean=12%) of cells in human glioblastomas express CAF markers α-SMA or PDGFR-β, morphologically resemble fibroblasts, and transcriptomically resemble by RNA-seq CAFs from other cancers. Glioblastoma CAFs were chemotactically attracted to glioblastoma-initiating stem cells (P=0.02). While glioblastoma CAFs did not affect differentiated glioblastoma cell proliferation (P=0.4), CAFs increased glioblastoma stem cell proliferation (P=0.002) and expression of glioblastoma stem cell-associated genes (P< 0.001). To identify mediators of CAF/glioblastoma stem cell interactions, we created a resource of inferred crosstalk by mapping the expression of receptors to that of their cognate ligands/agonists, using our RNA-seq results from glioblastoma CAFs and stem cells, revealing PDGF-β/PDGFR and osteopontin/CD44 to mediate stem cell recruitment of CAFs and CAF enrichment of stem cells, as confirmed by blocking antibodies (P=0.02–0.03). CAFs also render the glioblastoma microenvironment more pro-tumoral by promoting M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (P=0.01), an effect we found to arise from unique CAF production of the EDA splice variant of fibronectin binding toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a known EDA receptor expressed by macrophages (P=0.02). In patient glioblastomas, CAFs were enriched 3-fold in the subventricular zone (SVZ) (P=0.04) which houses the neural stem cells that generate glioblastoma stem cells. SVZs from epilepsy cases or autopsies of glioblastoma-containing brains without ventricular involvement lacked CAFs. Depleting CAFs in xenografts derived from neurosphere-containing glioblastoma stem cells slowed their growth in vivo (P< 0.001). These findings are among the first to identify and profile glioblastoma CAFs. CAF recruitment by glioblastoma stem cells and creation of a pro-tumoral microenvironment in the perivascular niche housing glioblastoma stem cells, particularly in the SVZ, makes them an intriguing therapeutic target.


This investigation examines the control of an industrial injection molding machine (IMM) for both mold filling and mold packing. The machine is a Boy 50 Ton system operated by hydraulics with electronically controlled valves. A previously determined nonlinear model of the system is used to develop the control strategy. A feedforward control input is determined via an iterative learning control scheme. This input is combined with either a feedback strategy or an open loop strategy for the filling and packing control phases, respectively. The time-delay, which exists in both stages, is accounted for by time shifting the learning feedforward signal relative to the feedback control signal. Simulation and experimental investigations indicate the benefits of the proposed strategy for control of electrohydraulic IMMs. Subsequent to demonstrating the benefits for fill stage and pack stage learning control, a complete cycle including fill-to-pack transfer is demonstrated.


: Rare earth sulfides are a new type of functional materials with complex crystal structures, which show unique optical, electrical and magnetic properties. They are widely used in many fields, such as non-toxic pigments and energy storage, and have perspective application in photocatalytic, thermoelectric power generation, permanent magnet and other fields. Based on our group's work in these fields, this review systematically summarizes the research progress and milestone on synthetic methodology, crystal structure modification and composite construction of rare earth sulfide in recent years. The performance enhancement strategies of rare earth sulfide in inorganic pigment, energy storage and photocatalysis are comprehensively sorted out. The structure-activity relationship of rare-earth sulfide is discussed and their positive prospects are proposed. Finally, this review summarizes the existing problems in current research and puts forward the prospects for its research direction


Cascading blackouts on a bulk power transmission system are potentially catastrophic events with a large impact on society characterized by a sequence of line trips and load shed. One spectacular example of a cascading blackout is the August 2003 blackout in North America that affected 50 million people. We propose using branching processes to model the line tripping and load shed behavior of cascading blackouts. We use an estimator of the offspring mean, λ, to fit simulated blackout data to the branching process model. The parameter λ is a measure of cascade propagation, and helps us to estimate how likely large blackouts are. We compute distributions of blackout size and total number of line failures from the model and match them against simulated data. The match with simulated data suggests that the branching process model captures important aspects of the cascade phenomenon. The line failures and load shed in cascades are seen to have similar λ, meaning they propagate at the same rate. The branching process model is an efficient way to estimate line failure and load shed probability distributions.


In an earlier article in the Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, 1 I focused on the application of new technology to radar signal processing for detecting sea surface targets by land-based radars. That work represented an independent research and development effort on signal processing that resulted in a development task for the Navy test ranges to automate the detection and tracking of surface targets for range safety and control applications. The earlier article, "Advanced Signal Processing Techniques for the Detection of Surface Targets," described signal processing algorithms that were developed and implemented using high-speed digital integrated circuits, analog-to-digital converters, and microprocessor-based monoboard computers. The resultant signal processor provided target declaration at a low, well-regulated falsealarm rate with good detection potential for smalland large-surface targets when connected to a surface surveillance radar. The system developed for the Pacific Missile Test Center, Pt. Mugu, California, places this signal processor on three noncollocated surface surveillance radars and links the target detection data to a central site for automatic target tracking, track data display, and, ultimately, for range tracking and control (see Fig. I for the location of the radars and Fig. 2 for a system block diagram). The automatic track initiation, target tracking, graphic data display, and data interface functions that make up the automatic target tracking system are implemented in a distributed microprocessor-based architecture using commercial monoboard computers. This method of data fusion for sensor track data proved to be efficient and effective and has the potential for much wider application in the fusion of real-time sensor track data. At the Pt. Mugu center, this potential was recognized and efforts were expanded to include a comprehensive sensor track data fusion system.


Introduction: Blood transfusion is both a life saving measure in many medical and surgical emergencies and a source of transfusion transmitted infections. So a provision for strict criteria in recruitment and deferral of blood donors may improve safe transfusion practice. The aim of the study was to estimate the trend in seroprevalence of TTI s among blood donors of both voluntary and replacement donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry, India. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed from January 2010 to December 2019 in a blood bank of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 21147 blood units which were collected from both voluntary and replacement donors during the study period were included. Data was analyzed from blood bank records, pertaining to all donors who were screened for HBs Ag, Hepatitis C virus and HIV by using appropriate methods. Results: Out of 21147 blood donors, 514 were positive for TTI s. The overall prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis was found to be 0.04%, 1.88%, 0.06% and 0.42% respectively. The highest percentage of prevalence was observed for HBV, followed by syphilis, HCV and HIV. Conclusion: Adhering the strict donor eligibility criteria and high sensitive screening methods with effective counselling can decrease the prevalence of TTI's and help in preventing further transmission of infections in the community.


A facile method of the transformation of esters to vinyl compounds was developed by using the electroreductive 1,2-elimination as a key step. β-Hydroxysulfones were electrochemically reduced to vinyl compounds in good yields. Hydroxyolefins could be also prepared from the corresponding lactones.


This paper includes the purpose of innovation,principle and the configuration of the laboratory apparatus after innovation.The results of control experiment show that the innovated apparatus is easier to start up,more user-friendly and that its performance fully meets the requirements of water treatment technology.


Reviving a Penutian Language: Steps and Strategies in the Revival of Miluk Coos* Anthony P. Grant University of St Andrews, UK. firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT This paper discusses some of the linguistic and social issues involved in the ongoing revival of Miluk Coos, an extinct Penutian language of coastal Oregon, by two tribes in the area It examines recent attempts at making lvfiluk linguistic material available and accessible to interested tribal members, and outlines the stages necessary for implementation before Miluk can be reintroduced as a spoken language. 1. Miluk Coos in its geographical and historical setting. Miluk Coos is the more southerly of the two Coosan languages, Oregonian languages which have generally been linked to the Penutian hypothesis. Its immediate northem neighbor was the more widely-spoken Hanis Coos. Before widespread contact with Euroamericans and population displacement took place in the 1850s speakers of Miluk Coos lived south of the speakers of Hanis Coos, in two areas, which were separate but closely-allied political entities. One community lived in on the South Slough of the Coos River, in Coos County, Oregon, and the other, whose members were referred to in Miluk as gwsrya, or in English, 'the Lower Coquilles', was settled in a village at the mouth of the Coquille River. Two dialects are thus distinguished: South Slough and Lower Coquille. It is likely that Miluk-speakers had lived further inland along the Coquille River but had been displaced by speakers of insurgent (Athapaskan) Upper Coquille, probably in the 18th and early 19th centuries. When the Coos population was dispersed in the 1850s afier the Rogue River Wars and as a result of land deals arising from the treaties enacted between coastal tribes and the United States Government, Miluk-speakers were forcibly settled, firstly at Fort Umpqua, then at Yachats in the so-called Coast reservation, on the northwestern Oregon coast, in what was traditionally Alsea territory. The period of forced settlement lasted from 1859 to 1875 and the Coos were brutally treated. They sufi'ered years of hardship and hunger, no school was provided for the instruction of the children, medical supervision was inadequate, and by 1875 the numbers of the Coos were reduced to less than half what they had been in 1859. The Coast reservation was dissolved in 1875 and its lands thrown open for settlement by whites. Many Miluks returned to the Coos River and nearby territories which they had left a generation previously, but a number settled at Siletg together with members of most Southwestern Oregon Athapaskan groups (including the Upper Coquilles) and members of other Oregonian tribes. Miluk Coos is now extinct, and no words of the language are now being passed down to people of Miluk descent. The last person to know any words of the language, Mrs Daisy Wasson Codding (b. 1874), who had never learned the language 7


Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) form a columnar discotic liquid crystalline (LC) phase in aqueous solution due to the disc-like or plank-like molecular shape of chromonic dyes and their ionic peripheries. Such columnar structures in the chromonic columnar N phase can be coated on a glass substrate, and aligned in one direction by applying external forces. The resulting thin crystalline film (TCF) can absorb a polarized light parallel to the molecular axis while transmitting a polarized light parallel to the columnar axis, which constructs an E-polarizer. Although the concept of the coatable polarizer known, it has not been commercially successful due to numerous problems mainly originated from the use of aqueous solution. It is extremely difficult to coat the aqueous solution on most of substrates, especially on plastic substrates. Large volume shrinkage occurs during the crystallization process generating unfavorable defects. Also, weak adhesion becomes an important issue when a TCF is applied to a flexible substrate. In this presentation, we demonstrate a novel preparation method of coatable polarizer from a photo-curable organicbased LCLC solution. Lyotropic LC solutions were prepared by dissolving amino-functional chromonic dye in acrylic acid containing photoinitiator and crosslinking agents. The solution was shear-coated with subsequent UV irradiation to provide a thin film polarizer. The coating processibility of this organic-based solution was outstanding, particularly on a plastic substrate. The maximum polarization efficiency was measured to be > 98 %. The resulting thin film polarizer showed excellent film characteristics, such as good adhesion strength to various substrates, superior surface hardness, good solvent resistance and decent thermal stability.


Let Γ be a finitely generated, amenable group. We prove that if Γ has a nontrivial, orientation-preserving action on the real line, then Γ has an infinite, cyclic quotient. (The converse is obvious.) This implies that if Γ has a faithful action on the circle, then some finite-index subgroup of Γ has the property that all of its nontrivial finitely generated subgroups have infinite, cyclic quotients. It also means that every left-orderable, amenable group is locally indicable. This answers a question of P. Linnell. Let Γ be an abstract group (with the discrete topology). It is obvious that if Γ has an infinite cyclic quotient, then Γ has a nontrivial, orientation-preserving action on the real line R. The converse is not true in general, even for finitely generated groups [4, Eg. 6.9.2]. In this note, we prove that the converse does hold in the class of finitely generated amenable groups. • A measure µ on a measure space X is said to be a probability measure iff µ(X) = 1. • A (discrete) group Γ is amenable iff for every continuous action of Γ on a compact, Hausdorff space X , there is a Γ-invariant probability measure on X. Theorem A Let Γ be a finitely generated, amenable group. Then Γ has a nontrivial, orientation-preserving action on R if and only if Γ has an infinite cyclic quotient. 1 It is well known that a countable group has a faithful, orientation-preserving action on R if and only if it is left orderable [3, Thm. 6.8]. (That is, there is a total order ≺ on Γ, such that, for all γ, λ 1 , λ 2 ∈ Γ, if λ 1 ≺ λ 2 , then γλ 1 ≺ γλ 2 .) Also, every subgroup of an amenable group is amenable [10, Prop. 13.3]. Hence, the nontrivial direction of Thm. A can be stated in the following purely algebraic form. Definition 0.2 [4, p. 127] A group is locally indicable iff each of its nontrivial finitely generated subgroups has an infinite cyclic quotient. Theorem B Every amenable left-orderable group is locally indicable. (2) Every locally indicable group (whether amenable or not) is left orderable [1],[4, Lem. 6.9.1]. (3) Theorem B has previously been proved with " amenable " replaced by stronger hypotheses, such as solvable-by-finite [2], supramenable [5], or elementary amenable [6]. There are also interesting results that replace " amenable …


Increasing use of distributed systems, with the corresponding decentralization of activities, stimulates the need for structuring those activities around groups of participants, for reasons of consistency, user-friendliness, performance and dependability. Two very diverse fields illustrate this trend: computer supported cooperative group working; distributed computer control. This paper discusses ways for structuring systems and defining building blocks for group-oriented activity. It is felt that efficient abstractions for the design of highly distributed applications should be structured around concepts like object groups. Furthermore, the group concept should pervade the whole architecture, from network multicasting, to group communications and management, and fundamental synchronisation paradigms. Emerging technology will help materialize these concepts.<<ETX>>


The so called Collectio Scorialensis parva is an unedited alphabetical collection of stories about Egypti an desert fathers. It is found in two Greek MSS: Scorialensis R.II.1 and Parisinus gr. 919. They also contain a larger collection of the Apophthegmata Patrum, the so called alphabetica - anonyma derivata. Other manuscripts preserve this latter collection in a later stage, where all or parts of the material in the Collectio Scorialensis parva have been incorporated. This collection in the later stage is preserved in Slavonic versions, which have been studied and partly edited. The collections contain much material of great interest and importance for the study of the textual history of several hagiographical works, as for example stories also found in the Historia Lausiaca and the Historia Monachorum in Aegypto. Here the redactions differ considerably from the printed texts. Those redactions have been dismissed as being late and derivative by most previous scholars, but their connection to old Syriac versions (from the sixth century) has so far been little studied. For questions on the processes of transmission, expansion, abbreviation etc., the Syriac versions are crucial. (Less)


My hypertension was detected at a random health check six years ago. I am more than thankful that measures both pharmaceutical via my GP, and dietary - self-directed - were effective and that my blood pressure is now maintained at a normal level. When I retire from nursing, I intend to keep as far away from hospitals as possible and hope this preventative action will increase my chances.


Objective: Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most common malignancies in men. Objective evaluation by digital dermoscopy, as for pigmented lesions, does not provide sufficient data to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions. Therefore, other techniques have to be developed.


This investigation is concerned with the elastohydrodynamic lubrication of the piston skirt / cylinder link of an internal combustion engine. In such compliant structures, the thickness of the lubricant film depends not only on the elastic deformation elements of the mechanism but also on their profiles. We have developed a computer program to study the effect of the profile of the piston skirt on the lubricant film. This program is based on a two-dimensional description of the lubricant film flow and a three-dimensional deformation of solids. The Reynolds equation defines the behavior of hydrodynamic film of oil in the liaison piston skirt / cylinder, and the equations of static and elastic equilibrium quantify the behavior of the structure. These Equations are solved numerically by using the finite differences method.


Abstract. Background: Standard patterned sample with programed defects (PDs) is effective to evaluate the tool performance of pattern inspection system, but the fabrication of such standard sample, having large area dense patterns with PDs suitable for the evaluation of sub-7-nm node, is difficult. Aim: The goal of this study is to fabricate a standard sample to evaluate the performance of inspection tool for below 7-nm nodes. Approach: We use electron beam lithography with an acceleration voltage of 130 keV to fabricate standard sample. Results: We form large area dense sub-16-nm half pitch (hp) line and space (LS) patterns with PDs on 300-mm-Si-wafers, and 10- to 7-nm hp LS patterns on a 100-mm-Si wafer. Approximately 5-nm PDs with shapes including protrusions, intrusions, bridges, and openings are formed without additional defects. Moreover, pattern-etched Si wafers with 16- to 12-nm hp LS are successfully fabricated. A 100-mm-wafer with patterns is mounted into a 300-mm-Si wafer. Conclusions: The acceleration voltage of 130 keV is sufficient for the fabrication of large area dense pattern with PDs suitable for the evaluation of sub-7-nm node. Moreover, the fabricated standard wafers are useful to evaluate the tool performance of the inspection system for 300-mm wafer fabrication.


/Simon /Beltrand /Souberbielle / Belmejdoub /Polak  Horm Res Paediatr 2012;78:193–200 200 26 Moxley RT, Arner P, Moss A, et al: Acute effects of insulinlike growth factor I and insulin on glucose metabolism in vivo. Am J Physiol 1990; 259: 561–567. 27 Berryman DE, List EO, Kohn DT, et al: Effect of growth hormone on susceptibility to dietinduced obesity. Endocrinology 2006; 147: 2801–2808. 28 Guler H-P, Zapf JZ, Froesch R: Shortterm metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I in healthy adults. N Engl Med 1987; 317: 137–140. 29 Ekstrom K, Carlsson-Skwirut C, Ritzen EM, et al: Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 cotreatment versus insulin like growth factorI alone in two brothers with growth hormone insensitivity syndrome: effects on insulin sensitivity, body composition and linear growth. Horm Res Paediatr 2011; 76: 355– 366. 30 Dimitriadis G, Parry-Billings M, Dunger D, et al: Effects of in-vivo administration of insulin-like growth factor-I on the rate of glucose utilization in the soleus muscle of the rat. J Endocrinol 1992; 133: 37–43. 31 Zapf J, Hauri C, Waldvogel M, et al: Acute metabolic effects and half-lives intravenously administered insulin like growth factors I and II in normal and hypophysectomized rats. J Clin Invest 1986; 77: 1768–1775. 32 Laron Z, Klingler B, Silbergeld A, et al: Intravenous administration of recombinant IGF-I lowers serum GHRH and TSH. Acta Endocrinol 1990; 123: 378–382. 33 Van Schrarendijk CR, Heylen L, Van den Brande JL, et al: Direct effect of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I on the secretory activity of rat pancreatic beta cell. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 649–653.


This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the lack of public purchasing decisions on Islamic insurance services. This can be seen from the low number of assets and market share of Islamic insurance services. The purpose of this research is to determine the reasons for purchasing decisions of insurance participants in making purchasing decisions on insurance services in Prudential Syariah, as a player in Islamic Insurance in Indonesia and which variable that become the most dominant factor. The research method used is explanatory survey with data collection technique employing questionnaire. Population in this research is participants of insurance services in Prudential Syariah with sample of 70 respondents using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis technique used is method analysis of CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) by using Amos. The research findings show that the individual differences, environment and marketing mix variables have a positive and strong relationship in purchasing decisions Prudential Islamic insurance services and the most dominant variable is individual differences. Keywords—individual differences; environment; mix marketing; purchasing decision; Islamic insurance


The present paper aims to discuss the effects of the Resolution CFM 1805/2006, issued by the Federal Council of Medicine and its implications for health care professionals, patients and patients' families. This resolution approved by the Brazilian CFM in 2006 intends to promote the humanization of death and dying, by allowing doctors to practice orthothanasia – limitation or total suspension of treatments that prolong the lives of those patients considered to be terminally ill – and to provide palliative care for such patients. Although the Resolution is firmly based on the defense of constitutional rights and on the bioethical principle of autonomy, from a legal point of view it opposes the current Brazilian legislation, especially when confronted with the criminal code. The importance of palliative care and the challenges faced by Brazilian health care professionals in instituting its practice are discussed under a psychological light. The main purpose of this paper is to debate the consequences of this Resolution from both legal and psychological perspectives, and to stress the need for change in the Brazilian Law and in the professional training of doctors and other health care professionals.


A novel immune theory based health monitoring and risk evaluation model with Internet of things was proposed for health monitoring and risk evaluation of earthen sites. This model uses artificial antibodies identify unusual environmental factors, and take advantage of the value of danger signal to obtain the quantitative value of health risk of earthen sites. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the model can accurately calculate the health risks facing single environmental factors and the total risk facing many environmental factors of earthen sites, and provides a new way for the preventive conservation of earthen sites.


Community planning codes restrict building heights with the intent that the building is in general conformance with the character of the neighborhood's built environment. Although these codes prescribe the maximum height, they do permit a limited amount of rooftop space to be used for elevator penthouses, exhaust fans, cooling towers, and miscellaneous other rotating mechanical equipment. Thus, the stage is set for a potential acoustical conflict between the need for building mechanical services on the rooftop above and the expectations of people occupying residences below (ironically, the most expensive space in the building). This paper discusses a number of design and retrofit projects involving rooftop equipment installations over noise‐sensitive spaces. The cases include rooftop equipment such as small corridor exhaust fans, rotary chillers, traction elevators, etc. The paper describes both the noise generating mechanisms and transmission paths as well as techniques for mitigating mechanical equipmen...


The aim of this study was to identify helminthes in the alimentary tract of Cervidae. Parasitological study of Moose (Alces alces), Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus ) has been implemented in the areas of the hunting research base of Vilnius University, the Ignalina and Utena regions, on the area of the Aukðtaitija National Park. Additional material for coprological analyses of farmed Red Deer was collected. To examine the faeces, the modified method of McMaster, methods of sedimentation and cultures of larvae were applied. It has been found that 100% of Cervidae were infected with nematodes of the Strongylidae, Trichostrongylidae, Strongyloidae and Trichuridae families, as well as with the flatworms of Paramphistomatidae and Fasciolidae families. Free ranging Red Deer were infected with seven nematode species, while farmed Red Deer were infected with three of them. Moose were infected with six nematode species and Roe Deer were infected with four. Flatworm P. cervi was characteristic of all the examined game animals. F. hepatica has been determined in Moose and the farmed Red Deer. It is stated that now the parasitological situation in wild game in the examined district is not very bad (the infection level in most cases was lower than 200 epg). In order to assess seasonal ability of the infection and the extent of the helminthes invasion in wild game, it is very important to examine more Cervidae during seasons of the year, also, to carry out the coproscopic analysis of animals of the different age ranges, and finally, to determine herb contamination with the nematode larvae.


Effect of Gum Arabic (GA), as natural antioxidant in the diet, on growth, carcass, digestibility, liver and kidney functions, antioxidant capacity, immunity, thyroid and testosterone hormones of growing rabbits was studied under Egyptian hot condition. Male APRI line rabbits (n=90) were assigned into 3 groups fed basal diet with 0 (T1), 1 (T2) and 2 (T3) kg GA/ton. Growth performance parameters and viability rate were recorded at age intervals from 5 to 11 wk. Digestibility coefficients, carcass traits, serum biochemicals, antioxidant, immunity, and thyroid and testosterone hormones were determined at 11 wk of age. Results revealed that GA addition increased (P<0.05) growth performance, carcass traits (hind parts and dressing), serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, high-density lipoproteins, glucose, total antioxidant capacity, immunoglobulins, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine and testosterone concentrations. Relative weight of carcass foreparts, weight of full digestive tract, cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins, hepato and renal somatic indexes, urea and malondialdehyde decreased (P<0.05) as affected by GA. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with both levels of GA can enhance productive performance, lipid profile, immune response and antioxidant defense system of growing rabbits under Egyptian summer conditions. The best results were obtained with adding 2 kg GA/ton diet.


Background of study Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) and eruptive vellus hair cyst (EVHC). are both entities with similar clinical features, hut with important histological differences. In the last few years, several authors have reported examples of both cysts with mixed historical features, and have proposed the idea that the two conditions are related.


Abstract : An important area of Statistical Inference relates to the problem of assessing the conformity or goodness of fit of some observations to a null hypothesis. This hypothesis may be that the observations came from a distribution which belongs to a given family or may be a completely specified distribution. A statistical procedure which solves such a problem is called a test of goodness of fit. This thesis is concerned with the problem of testing the goodness of fit of a sample drawn from a continuous bivariate distribution, where the null hypothesis is that the true distribution is a completely specified one. A test is developed, where the test criterion is based in some functions of a subset of order statistics, functions which depend on the distribution under the null hypothesis.


It has been presumed that the beneficial health effects of optimism are mediated by social support provided by the social environment. To further analyze this assumption, in two experiments (N = 240 and N = 120) social responses toward optimists, pessimists, and realists were examined. Participants listened to tape-recorded conversations in which optimistic, pessimistic and realistic targets reported how they were dealing with a stressful situation before completing a questionnaire assessing (a) their evaluation of the target's behavior and personality, (b) their attraction to the target, and (c) their willingness to provide the target with social support. Optimistic and realistic targets were viewed more favorably than pessimistic targets, while the behavior of realists was regarded as being more adequate than that of optimists. However, the more positive evaluation of optimists and realists compared to pessimists was not accompanied by a greater willingness to provide them with social support.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species and to observe correlation between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance among Acinetobacter isolates. Methods: Two hundred fifty six clinical samples collected from patients who were admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and on device, patients from Surgery, Medicine, Gynae & Obs and Urology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and from Burn unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were included in this study. Biofilm formation and antibiotyping were performed for the isolates of Acinetobacter species recovered from clinical samples including tracheal aspirates, blood, urine, wound swab, pus, throat swab, endotracheal tubes, burn samples, ascitic fluid, sputum, aural swab, oral swab, cerebrospinal fluid, and catheter tip. Correlation of biofilm formation with antimicrobial resistance pattern among Acinetobacter isolates were also observed in this study. Result: A total of 256 various specimens were studied of which 95 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 161 Non ICU samples. Out of 95 ICU and 161 Non ICU samples, Acinetobacter species were isolated from 32 (33.7%) and 20(12.4%) respectively. From 32 ICU and 20 Non ICU Acinetobacter isolates, 28 (87.5%) and 11 (55%) were biofilm producers. Biofilm forming capacity of Acinetobacter species was significantly (p<0.008) greater in ICU than in Non ICU isolates. In both ICU and Non ICU isolates, biofilm forming Acinetobacter species were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, and aztreonam. Resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem was higher among biofilm forming Acinetobacter isolates in ICU than Non ICU isolates. Susceptibility to colistin was 100% in Non ICU isolates but in ICU it showed 7.1% resistance. Conclusions: This investigation showed that most of the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species were biofilm producers especially from ICU samples and they were multidrug resistant. Even polymixin resistant Acinetobacter isolates are slowly emerging. This is very alerming for us that biofilm forming multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species represents a severe threat in the treatment of hospitalized patients. So, antibiotic policy and guidelines are essential to eliminate major outbreak in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i1.14533 J MEDICINE 2013; 14 : 28-32


................................................................................................................... II DECLARATION ...........................................................................................................IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................. V PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS ARISING FROM THE THESIS ...... V ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................. VIII LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... XII LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... XV CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM ................................................................................... 1 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS ........................................................................................... 4 OVERVIEW OF THE METHODOLOGY CHOSEN ................................................................. 5 THE MAIN CONTRIBUTION OF THE THESIS ..................................................................... 6 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS ............................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................... 9 ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE ............................................................................................. 9 Biological, Information and Technological Ecosystems ......................................... 10 IS and IT Planning in Healthcare ........................................................................... 18 IS and IT Success and Failure in Healthcare ......................................................... 20 Summary of the Literature ...................................................................................... 24 CONCEPTUAL MODEL .................................................................................................. 25 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN ........................................................................ 31 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 31 Overview ................................................................................................................. 31 The Approach in this Research ............................................................................... 34 RESEARCH MODEL ....................................................................................................... 35 What is a Research Model? .................................................................................... 35 What is the Research Model in this Thesis? ........................................................... 35 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................................. 37 Question Set 1 ......................................................................................................... 38 Question Set 2 ......................................................................................................... 40 DATA GATHERING ....................................................................................................... 44 Literature Review The literature base under consideration is in the following domains and disciplines: ......................................................................................... 44 Case Studies ............................................................................................................ 46 DATA ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 47 Literature Review Analysis ..................................................................................... 47 Case Study Analysis ................................................................................................ 48 STUDY RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY ............................................................................ 48 What is reliability in ISR? ....................................................................................... 48 What is validity in ISR? ........................................................................................... 50 How will this work meet these criteria? .................................................................. 50 CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS ........................................................................................... 51 CASE STUDIES .............................................................................................................. 51 Hospital Characteristics ......................................................................................... 51 vii Key Descriptive Features of Informants ................................................................. 52 Case Study 1 – Large Metropolitan Hospital ......................................................... 55 Case Study 2 – Outer Metropolitan Hospital .......................................................... 74 Case Study 3 – Conjoined Metropolitan Hospital .................................................. 94 Case Study 4 – Large Regional Hospital .............................................................. 112 Case Study 5 – "Virtual" Hospital ....................................................................... 129 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 146 Question Set 1 ....................................................................................................... 147 Question Set 2 ....................................................................................................... 164 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION .................................................................................... 168 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ............................................................................................. 168 Overview ............................................................................................................... 168 Question Set 1 ....................................................................................................... 169 Question Set 2 ....................................................................................................... 214 The Research Model .............................................................................................. 229 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................ 232 SUMMARY OF THE THESIS .......................................................................................... 232 KEY FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH .............................................................................. 234 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................... 235 Methodological Considerations ............................................................................ 235 Generalizability of the Research ........................................................................... 236 RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS .......................................................................................... 237 The Power of Analogy ........................................................................................... 237 A New View of Technology Ecosystems? .............................................................. 237 CONTRIBUTION OF THE THESIS TO THE IS DISCIPLINE ................................................ 239 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE ..................................................................................... 241 Who can the model assist in a practical sense ? ................................................... 241 How will that new view assist in developing effective HMIS' .............................. 241 FURTHER RESEARCH .................................................................................................. 242 Ecosystems Services .............................................................................................. 242 The Biome Concept ............................................................................................... 243 Further testing of the TEM Concept ..................................................................... 243 Synergies with other Key IS Theories ................................................................... 244 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 246 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................. 258 APPENDIX 1ARID ZONE ANALOGY .......................................................................... 258 APPENDIX 2KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ............................................. 259 APPENDIX 3SITE 1 – IM AND T PLANNING ARTEFACT ............................................. 268


Effect of initial soil-moisture content and conditions of drying on crust strength of a sandy loam soil was studied. With increase in initial soil-moisture, crust strength decreased. Quantitative relationship of the type y=ax−b was established between crust strength (y) and initial soil-moisture content (x) of the soil. Ccnditions of drying varied the rate of moisture loss. Crust strength was higher under slower than under faster rate of drying.


Editor: We read with interest the article by Dr Kim and colleagues in the March 2004 issue of Radiology, in which they used the enhancement pattern at computed tomography (CT) to differentiate angiomyolipoma (AML) with minimal fat from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (1). The differentiation between RCC and AML with minimal fat is important because the treatment for these two diseases is different: Most AMLs can be ignored or followed, whereas RCCs are typically resected or ablated. First, the article by Dr Kim and colleagues suggested that AML can be distinguished from RCC when a mass demonstrates homogeneous enhancement and prolonged enhancement pattern (1). We agree that AML can be distinguished from clear cell RCC, the most common subtype of primary renal cancer, because it typically exhibits heterogeneous enhancement and an early washout pattern (2). In our experience, however, 60% of small ( 3.5-cm) papillary RCCs demonstrate homogeneous enhancement and prolonged enhancement pattern (2). Indeed, Dr Kim and colleagues reported in a prior study (3) that 80% of small ( 3-cm) papillary RCCs demonstrated homogeneous enhancement. Since enhancement patterns for papillary RCCs and AMLs with minimal fat can be similar, we would be interested to know the subtypes of RCC in their study and, specifically, the enhancement pattern of the papillary subtypes. Although AML may be distinguishable from clear cell RCC, we believe that it cannot be distinguished from papillary RCCs on the basis of homogeneous and prolonged enhancement alone. Second, Dr Kim and colleagues use the term AML with minimal fat in their article to refer to renal masses that do not contain visible fat at CT. We use the same term to refer to a distinct entity and coined this term in the literature (4). We would prefer to use this term to refer only to the tumors that we described—tumors that are homogeneously hyperattenuating, enhancing at CT, hypointense at T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and isoechoic at ultrasonography (US). When we examined these tumors histologically, we found that they had little or no fat. Others have described similar findings (5). Dr Kim and colleagues used the same term in their article, but in our opinion, the tumors in their study included different types of AML. They were different in that some of the tumors were isoor hypoattenuating and therefore probably contained more fat than did the tumors we described. We believe that, in general, isoand hypoattenuating AMLs (that contain no fat attenuation) contain more fat than do hyperattenuating AMLs. Alternatively, isoand hypoattenuating AMLs might contain diffuse scattered distribution of fat cells, which, when volume averaged with neighboring smooth-muscle cells, result in isoor hypoattenuating masses. Therefore, we would suggest that while all the masses in the article by Dr Kim and colleagues did not contain fat attenuation at unenhanced CT, we distinguish between those that are hyperattenuating from those that are isoor hypoattenuating. We would suggest that the former group be called "AML with minimal fat" and the latter "AML with diffusely scattered fat." The precise explanation for why they look the way they do requires further radiologic-pathologic correlative study.


The effect of different inoculum levels (10, 100 and 1000) of Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis, individually and in combination, on physiological functions, leaf chlorophyll and plant nutrients content of papaya was investigated in a pot experiment. An initial inoculum of 1000 J[sub2] of M. incognita per kg of soil resulted in the greatest reduction in 'a', 'b' and total chlorophyll content, increase in leaf temperature, evaporation rate and diffusion resistance; decrease in photosynthesis; accumulation of nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the roots. Changes induced by M. incognita in the physiology of papaya were directly correlated with nematode inoculum density and were greater than the responses to inocula of Rotylenchulus reniformis or concomitant inocula of both nematodes.


Note contents taken by students during a blended learning course were evaluated, to improve the quality of university instruction. To conduct a quantitative comparison of the contents of all notes for effective instruction from lecturer to students to occur, the contents were mathematically compared and evaluated using two ways of summarizing the frequency of term co-occurrences. In order to evaluate visually the differences between the contents of notes taken, an adjacency matrix and Levenshtein distance metrics were employed to represent noun co-occurrence in the notes. In comparing notes between the lecturer and students, insufficient distance and additional distance are defined and measured for all participants during the course. In the results, students recorded additional nouns to replace the nouns given by the lecturer, and introduced new nouns of their own as substitutes as well. There are significant correlation relationships between the above mentioned distances and the ratios, such as between the word ratio and coverage, which have been defined in previous studies. Also, summarizing ways of co-occurrence frequency did not affect any of the relationships. Finally, possible applications for visualizing learning activities of the lecturer and students are discussed.


Fourteen employers and co-workers who worked with individuals who used augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) completed a survey describing their employment experiences. A qualitative analysis identified four major themes in the responses: (a) benefits of employing individuals who use AAC, (b) challenges to the employment situation, (c) supports to the employment situation, and (d) recommendations for improving employment outcomes for individuals who use AAC. Respondents identified the following as key factors that had a significant impact on employment outcomes for individuals who use AAC: (a) identification and development of good job matches, (b) educational and vocational preparation, (c) reliability of AAC technology, (d) attitudes of co-workers, (e) accessibility of the workplace, and (f) availability of transportation and personal care services.


This study aims to analyze the effect of the interaction of internal and external factors with the global capital market index on IHSG returns in Indonesia. Using quarterly time series data for the period 2004-2018, the analytical model used consists of a cointegration test and a vector error correction model (VECM). The study found a cointegration relationship between the variables studied. Both in the long term and in the short term, the return on the MSCI ACWI IMI has no significant effect on the return on the IHSG in Indonesia.


This paper focuses on macroeconomic linkages with agriculture. From an extensive literature review the question that emerges is: is there a structural constraint in Indian agriculture or does Indian agriculture work in a system in which as demand rises and prices rise, supply responds. The constraints maybe institutional or policy determined in the foodgrains part of the economy, with the non foodgrain economy being responsive to market forces. These kind of general hypotheses lead to analysis of macroeconomic policy variables particularly of impacts of government expenditure and money supply. What are the impacts of such policies on agricultural prices and interest rates for agriculture? How do they impact on agricultural demand, supplies and investment? If expansionary/ contractionary macro policy (Monetary-Fiscal policy mix) leads to rise/fall in money income, it will impact significantly on agricultural demand. Does this then lead to fluctuations in agricultural supply? There are many ways to analyze this kind of question. We use a partial economy framework using lags to help the specifications of our model. A Causal Chain model demonstrates econometrically that macro policies impact agriculture in a significant manner. The farm-nonfarm ratio determines supply with a Nerlovian lag and the model predicts supply oscillations in the non foodgrain agricultural economy. The work has possibilities of more complicated policy simulations of macro policy impacts on agriculture.


Pharmaceutical service  quality relate to consumer's  satisfaction.  Twenty five percent   curage  of patient can be  found  from  good  pharmaceutical  sevice  and  75%  from  drug  usage.  This  study  aimed  to  determine pharmaceutical  service  quality  in  community  pharmacy  of  Kendari  City  and  to  determine  correlation  between  consumer's  satisfaction  and  implementation  of  pharmaceutical  service  by  pharmacist  manager.  This  study  is  an observational analytic. Data collected from 519 respondents  through questionnaires in June-August 2014 spread across  ten  community  pharmacies  City  of  Kendari  with  sampling  method  used  simple  random  sampling,  and accidental  sampling  for  pharmacist  manager.  Correlation  test  used  to  determine  correlation  between  cons umer satisfaction and implementation of pharmaceutical care by pharmacist manager in pharmacy. The result showed that the percentage rate is 76.70% for consumer satisfaction with moderate category. Fixed percentage of any document procedures  and  dispensing  time  is  60%  with  moderate  category.  Pharmacist  manager  percentage  that  manages quality guarantee is 40% with less category.  Statistic correlation test showed that there is no cerrelation between consumer satisfaction and implementation of pharmaceutical care by pharmacist manager in pharmacy with p value 0,268 (> 0,05). Keywords: quality service, pharmaceutical service, consumer satisfaction


The efficiency of association reactions of fullerene cations observed in helium at pressures of 0.35–0.4 Torr sustained in a Selected-Ion Flow Tube (SIFT) at room temperature has been examined with a view to the influence of the charge state and the size of the fullerene ion and the size, structure, and degree of unsaturation of the neutral. The association efficiency is found to be strongly dependent on these molecular parameters. The calculated lifetime of the intermediate collision complex provides insight into the well depth associated with the formation of this complex and the effectiveness of vibrational and (or) rotational degrees of freedom of the reactants in the dispersal of the energy of complex formation. The results are considered in terms of single-well and double-well models for the potential energy surface leading to association and are best accommodated by the double-well model involving the formation of an initial electrostatic collision complex that must overcome a barrier to proceed to...


The millennium is a time for many people to contemplate the possibilities that might arise during this liminal period of transition. Various sorts of dangers are feared at this time of passage into a new world of temporality. In some ways it is analogous to the marking of a hyper New Year in which resolutions are made, expectations are high, and the fears of unexpected events loom. Emotions run high as uncertainties about the future arise.TheYK computer problem is only one example of this: an apocalyptic computer crash is envisioned as destroying data and producing logistic, financial, and other forms of chaos. The year  holds significance for many people in the Christian world (Landes ; Schwartz ; Gould ). Although the Christian calendar does not correlate with such forms as Judaic, Hindu, or Chinese calendrical timekeeping, it does impinge on worldwide communities to one degree or another through the process of globalization (e.g., economic, political, and social networks). The Christian notion of thousandyear cyclical intervals in which significant events transpire parallels other forms of ritual cyclicity such as those found in many New Guinea cosmological systems. These systems anticipate an end that generates an anxiety over what individuals must do to leap beyond the end of this time into the projected then time. Using a variety of dating methods, Christian societies have been expecting Jesus' return at the end of the twentieth century. Some Christians have expressed the belief that the world is going to end at this time. Others believe that a renewal and refurbishing of the world will take place, heralding in a better life for the ''faithful.'' An ''end times'' versus ''new world''


When using a photon counting detector for material decomposition problems, a major issue is the low-count rate per energy bin which may lead to high image-noise with compromised contrast and accuracy. A multi-step algorithmic method of material decomposition is proposed for spectral computed tomography (CT), where the problem is formulated as series of simpler and dose efficient decompositions rather than solved simultaneously. A simple domain of four materials; water, hydroxyapatite, iodine and gold was explored. The results showed an improvement in accuracy with low-noise over a similar method where the materials were decomposed simultaneously. In the multi-step approach, for the same acquired energy bin data, the problem is reformulated in each step with decreasing number of energy bins (resulting in a higher count levels per bin) and unknowns in each step. This offers flexibility in the choice of energy bins for each material type. Our results are very preliminary but show promise and potential to tackle challenging decomposition tasks. Complete work will include detailed analysis of this approach and experimental data with more complex mixtures.


Cervix carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer in women in the world. In 30 % of patients recurrence occurs in the first 2 years. It is mostly recurs in parametrium, pelvic lymph nodes and vagina respectively. It metastasizes most frequently to liver, lung and bones. Metastasis to soft tissue, skeletal muscle or abdominal wall is too rare. In the literature, it has been reported tumor involvement of the entrance of drainage catheter or abdominal wall incision or entrance of ports after laparoscopy. We have reported here 2 cases of abdominal wall metastasis of squamous cell cervix carcinoma since it was seen rarely.


Current applications of peroxidase in various areas of biotechnology and clinical biochemistry show the interest for further screening for peroxidase. Thus, peroxidase activities were screened in higher plants such as Allium sativum , Ipomoea batatas , Raphanus sativus and Sorghum bicolor grown in a tropical environment. The enzymes were investigated for their specific activities and best physicochemical conditions for activity and stabilities. Optima conditions with respect to pH, temperature and their heat inactivation were determined by monitoring the hydrogen peroxide-dependant oxidation of guaiacol . Results revealed that peroxidase specific activities in R. sativus were higher than the other three plant species. Optimum pHs of all screened peroxidase activities were in the acidic range (pH 4.5 to 6.5). Optimum temperatures were ranging from 30 to 40°C. Peroxidase from R. sativus was the most thermostable enzyme among the four plants. This suggests that R. sativus is a good source of plant peroxidase, which could be used for various applications.


Abstract : We have developed a technique for measuring the depth time history of rigid body penetration into brittle materials under a deceleration of ^10(exp 5) g. A series of 4140 steel projectile penetrations into 6-mixture mortar targets has been conducted in the velocity range of 100 to 500 m/s. Based on the experimental results, the target materials are damaged via compacting and brittle radial and lateral crack propagation in front of and surrounding the penetration path. The projectile- target contact length on the projectile lateral surface is <20% of final penetration depth. This suggests that the effect of lateral friction on the penetration process can be ignored. Final penetration depth is found to be linearly scaled with initial projectile energy per unit cross-section area. Based on the fact that the penetration duration increases slowly with impact velocity, does not approximately depend on projectile. Deduced penetration velocity-time histories suggest that the whole penetration is divided into three stages: an initial stage, a steady penetration stage and a penetration stop stage. The average deceleration in the steady penetration stage for projectiles with the same dimensions is found to be linearly proportional to initial impact velocity. The average resistance pressure during penetration is estimated to be comparable to shock wave pressure. The present data demonstrate that a very strong similarity of penetration depth-time history is described by a relation between normalized penetration depth and normalized penetration time. This similarity can be used to predict penetration depth-time history under different initial projectile conditions.


Tourism is a valuable aspect of a region. The presence of the tourist areas will promote the welfare of the surrounding community. Information about the location of the tourist attractions in Tasikmalaya is still lacking and this is an obstacle for the tourists who will go sightseeing. Tasikmalaya tourism guide Application is built using Eclipse IDE with Java language. This application is created using PHP and MySql database. The design phase made is using Multimedia Development Life Cycle with UML modeling. The results obtained from this research is a tourism guide application that runs on Android operating system. The result shows that this application runs well on Ice Cream Sandwich version and more. Buttons and functions within the application have been running well with the respective functionality.


This study presents a technique for power frequency AC voltage measurement. The proposed technique utilises a capacitor having a low capacitance in addition to a double wound Rogowski coil. This technique depends on capacitor current measurement using the double wound Rogowski coil. The voltage across the capacitor that connected in parallel with the system at which AC voltage is intended to be measured is reconstructed. The proposed technique is experimentally evaluated by designing the measurement system and using a digital signal processing board for the reconstruction processes. Moreover, the experimental results based on Rogowski coil measurements are compared with those obtained from reference techniques. Finally, the obtained results validate the efficacy of the proposed technique in power frequency AC voltage measurement.


The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the significant effect of low-progressive scoliosis and the location of its atlas on the values of selected features describing the pelvis and spine.
Material and Methods. The study was carried out in a group of 2,361 subjects aged 7 to 15 years, in 6 semiannual consecutive editions. This allowed to record 16,608 observations of 31 features describing posture by photogrammetric method.
Results. Three influential traits were selected for multiple regression analysis with selection of a subset of the optimal set of variables like the deviation of the spinous process to the left or right from the vertical and the location of the atlas of this deviation.
Conclusions. (1) The effect of low-progressive scoliosis and its atlas on selected features of the spine and pelvis is multidirectional and varied. (2) Left and right low-progressive scoliosis significantly and positively affects almost all features of the spine and pelvis. Significant negative influence is episodic. The features with a significant relationship are Delta angle, the length of lumbar lordosis and the angle of pelvic torsion to the left and right. (3) The low-progressive scoliosis and its atlas show significant and negative effects on the angle of thoracic kyphosis and the length and height of lumbar lordosis.


Bacterial flora, of neonates with congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract, 69 Bacterial meningitis ten years experience, 383 Bed centre, a hygienic hazard in hospital ? 143 Bordetella pertussis, a reappraisal of serotype factors 4, 5 and 6 of, 30 BordtteUa pertussis, rabbit nasopharyngeal colonization by: the effects of immunization on clearance and on serum and nasal antibody levels, 475 Brucelia abortus, a modified radioimmunoassay for antibodies against, 1 Brucella, enzyme immunoassay of the antibody response to infections in humans, 295 Brucella serology, a comparison of the results of the brucellosis radioimmunoassay and other serological tests in experimentally infected cattle, 21 Brucellosis, the serological response of cattle to vaccines against, as measured by the brucellosis radioimmunoassay and other tests, 11 Burns unit, hospital-acquired infections in a, caused by an imported strain of Staphylococcus aureus with unusual multi-resistance, 535


Because the low magnetic latitude area is influenced by oblique magnetization,it is difficult to accurately determine the characteristics of the plane distribution of the magnetic bodies with the conventional method.In order to study the magnetic bodies distribution characteristics of the Putumayo basin at the low magnetic latitudes,the article assumes the magnetic ΔT anomaly is a vector field with a certain direction according to the principle of the field divergence,and the direction is the same as the magnetization direction.The computing formula of the apparent divergence of the magnetic ΔT anomalies is deduced form the principle of the field divergence.According to the relationship between magnetic potential and gravitational potential,the paper calculates the pseudo-gravity anomalies through the magnetic ΔT anomalies in the frequency domain,and tries to calculate two second vertical derivative of the pseudo-gravity anomalies by Laplace equation.The method above has been proved efficient since the article has discussed the relationship among the apparent divergence of the magnetic ΔT anomalies,the two second vertical derivative of the pseudo-gravity anomalies and the characteristics of the plane distribution of the magnetic bodies.Then using the methods above to speculate the plane distribution of magnetic bodies characteristics of the Putumayo basin,which show that the application of the method above to determine the Putumayo basin magnetic bodies distribution is dovetailed nicely with the actual geological features.The results achieved in this article on the Putumayo basin geological studies and the determination of magnetic low magnetic latitudes have a certain reference significance.


Against a background of increasing energy demand and rising fuel prices, hybrid-electric propulsion systems have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption in the aviation industry, particularly in the lighter sectors. By taking advantage of both electric motor and internal combustion engine, hybrid-electric propulsion systems provide not only a benefit in fuel saving but also a reduction in takeoff noise and the emission levels. This research considers the design and sizing process of a hybrid-electric propulsion system for a single-seat demonstrator aircraft, the experimental derivation of the internal combustion engine map, and the electric motor parameters. In addition to the experimental data, a novel modeling approach including several linked desktop PC software packages is presented to analyze and optimize hybrid-electric technology for aircraft. Further to the analysis of a parallel hybrid-electric, midscale aircraft, this paper also presents a scaling approach for a 20 kg unmanned aer...


[Objective] To investigate the effect of CD40-CD40 ligand interaction on the proliferation and migration in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. [Methods] Endothelial cells were isolated from human umbilical vein by collagenase solution and incubated with indicated concentrations of CD400 ligand (CD40L) for various periods. The incorporation of 3H-TdR and 3H-Leu analysis was used to evaluate the cell proliferation. Cell migrations were observed by monolayer cell scrape and reverse microscope. [Results] The incorporation of 3H-TdR, 3H-Leu and the migration of endothelial cells were significant raised by CD40L in a dose- and -time dependent manner. Anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody can significantly suppress CD40L-induced incorporation of 3H-TdR, 3H-Leu and the migration in HUVEC. [Conclusion] The interaction of CD40-CD40L can promote the proliferation and migration of cultured human endothelial cells.


The beauty and allure of boxing are inescapable in this exciting piece of physical theatre, finds Richard Hurley, but so are its brutality and futility


Two methods can be considered as able to determine E for well irrigated crops. The first method is indirect (the "crop coefficient approach"). It is based on the knowledge of a crop coefficient, Kc, and an estimation of the reference evapotranspiration of grass E0 . The second method directly calculates the E of a crop, without a step through a reference surface. It similarly applies a Penman-Monteith type formula. However, in this method the canopy resistance, rc, is specific for each species, it is not constant but variable as a function of climatic characteristics of the atmosphere below the top of the boundary layer above the crop. This study proposes to explore and to test a more operational version of the direct model. In this version, the canopy resistance rc will be considered as constant but specific for each crop. The performances of this method are evaluated with respect to the above cited direct and indirect methods, by means of experimental validation carried out on 3 crops having contrasted height. The best performance was given by the original version of the direct model, both at daily and hourly scales. The operational version of the direct model gave acceptable results only for grass. The indirect model gave the worst results both at daily and hourly scales. The practical use of this new version is discussed in the conclusions.


The beginning of 2020 finds Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in the forefront of digital transformation. The maritime industry is embracing them wholeheartedly due to their true potential to meet the ever-increasing and complex traffic and shipping demand for safety, performance, energy efficiency, automation, and environmental impact. The implementation of AI approaches in maritime stems from the need to effectively process and analyse the extremely large amounts of data that are being generated by maritime vessels. The key to addressing these challenges lies in research and innovation, especially in novel algorithms, tools, and platforms within the areas of AI and Big Data to unlock the new possibilities of a diverse range of current maritime applications. Under this context, the current publication aims at showcasing AI approaches and research initiatives in the maritime industry by performing an indicative landscape analysis of research publications in the aforementioned domains, between the period 2016-2022. The various AI initiatives uncovered from the research are grouped and presented in three representative categories to provide a clear picture of the research effort of integrating AI in maritime processes.


Abstract We have developed a fully automated cluster characterization pipeline, which simultaneously determines cluster membership and fits the fundamental cluster parameters: distance, reddening, and age. We present results for 24 established clusters and compare them to literature values. Given the large amount of stellar data for clusters available from Gaia DR2 in 2018, this pipeline will be beneficial to analyzing the parameters of open clusters in our Galaxy.


* Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University ** Department of Industrial, Information, and Management Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University *** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ansan College of Technology (Received February 16, 2009 ; Revised November 20, 2009 ; Accepted November 23, 2009)


INTRODUCTION
Since the declaration of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, the government of Ivory Coast has organized the training of medical staff in all health regions of the country. This study was conducted one month after this training in order to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health workers concerning Ebola virus disease in an Ivory Coast health region their preparation in relation to this disease.

METHODS
In May-June 2014, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of 176 health workers from private and public health facilities in 5 health districts.

RESULTS
Among the respondents, 15.5% attended the training on Ebola disease organized by the Ministry of Health. They knew that the disease is transmitted from animals to humans by body fluids (85.6%), and from human to human by body fluids of a sick person or a cadavre (82.8%). 96% said they were at risk of contracting the disease.

DISCUSSION
In view of the persistent threat of the disease, ignorance of certain aspects of the disease could be a weakness in the prevention of nosocomial transmission of the disease. Knowledge of the disease should lead to adoption of prevention measures. However, routine use of protection equipment, including gloves, depends on its availability.

CONCLUSION
The lack of infection prevention and control equipment could be a weak point in preparation of the response to an Ebola disease outbreak.


Since microgrid systems are growing in complexity, the development of its control software becomes more and more difficult. This is why the use of high level abstraction modelling becomes a crucial need to cope with this increasing complexity. Defining commonly understandable software models is a challenging task due to many reasons such as the different disciplines involved to fulfil the functionalities, the various protocols to be used, the numerous constraints to meet, etc. In this context, the current paper proposes a holistic meta-model that covers the requirements needed by a controlling software of microgrids. First, an overview of the existing modelling works is provided. Then, a formalization of a microgrid is defined. Afterwards, the proposed meta-model is introduced. Finally, a discussion and evaluation of the proposed meta-model are provided.


This book on Proto-Germanic (PGmc) nominal morphology is a welcome addition to the small number of up-to-date handbooks in PGmc grammar. Anyone looking for a recent publication would be surprised to find out that the last comprehensive discussion dates to 1972. Thus many linguists gratefully acknowledged the appearance of this new series, whose title promises more contributions to the field. Quite naturally the author devotes an entire chapter to the discussion of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) nominal morphology, thus clearly following the insight that one cannot reconstruct the PGmc parent language without consulting evidence from other ancient IE dialects. Bammesberger, who is also the co-editor of our oldest journal, the Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung, is very apt at applying this methodology consistently and with great expertise. The main part of the book consists of ten chapters followed by a complete reference list; more general bibliographical information can be found in the first volume of the series. However, the author does not fail to supplement this earlier list with the most recent publications in the field, such as Ronneberg-Sibold's important bibliography (1989). The first chapter discusses the general structure of the PGmc nominal system with both declination and word formation being included in the description. Basic technical terms such as root, suffix, and stem are defined at this point. Chapter Two provides an outline of the characteristic features inherent to the IE nominal system. The somewhat complex material is presented in a wellorganized and simplified manner: formulae like W (root) + S (suffix) + E (ending) — and their extensions — aim at generalizing the myriad of possible


The contradiction between capital accumulation in a global economy and political legitimation within the nation-state has shaped the contentious politics of citizenship and exclusion in postcolonial Africa. A historical analysis of the early postcolonial, state socialist, and neoliberal eras in the African nation-state of Tanzania reveals that this contradiction generated conflicts within the country's political elite over various public policies, which defined inclusion and exclusion from the community of the nation, and defined the rights of citizens and noncitizens. Political contention over these policies concerned who should be allowed access to citizenship, what rights should be granted to foreigners, and whether all citizens should be granted the same rights regardless of race. Although the institutional expression of the contradiction varied over time, a key divide was between central government administrators who prioritized economic growth in a global economy, and political party leaders and members of parliament (MPs) who were more focused on securing political legitimacy and electoral support within the nation-state.


Although much has been written about RPM and Exclusive Dealing, acting alone, scant attention has been paid to the welfare outcome when the 2 restraints are imposed together. The article examines 2 such cases. Salton's George Foreman Contact Grills and ordinary incandescent light bulbs. It shows that in combination the 2 vertical restraints can accomplish anti-competitive results that neither one acting alone could bring about.In a Consent Decree with the States that became final in 2003 Salton agreed to end its Exclusive Dealing for 3 years and its RPM for 5 years. Subsequently, there is evidence that competing grills had obtained somewhat more distribution, most notably at Wal-Mart, and that there was price-cutting on certain models of George Foreman Grills. However, Salton responded by "co-branding" with Target and a widespread "Branded Variants" strategy where its major mass outlets each were selling slightly different versions of the grill so that consumers could not readily compare prices across stores. Salton, while somewhat injured, still retained by far the dominant market share in the category.A cartel among the "Big 3" light bulb manufacturers, which had been attacked by the Justice Department, had established that supermarkets could only stock one of the Big 3 brands, and no others, and must sell it a maintained minimum resale price. In 1977 grocery trade magazines reported supermarket light bulb departments ranked 1st. in profitability with a giant 55% retail gross margin compared to a store-wide average of about 22%. Clearly, there were huge consumer losses.Discount stores with cut prices began to steal market share from supermarkets. But the chief remedy came from an FTC initiative in 1980 that convinced Giant Supermarkets in D.C. to introduce a private label and persuaded Esther Peterson of the White House Office of Consumer Affairs to pressure supermarkets nation-wide to add a private label (for the first time). Most did. Store checks in 1981-2 found that the price of GE bulbs, the leading SKU, fell about 30% from about $0.85 a bulb to about $0.58 and that private labels being retailed at $0.42 or more per bulb were gaining market share.


Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic factors of acute pesticide poisoning and network operating systems,and to explore its regularity of the poisoning and the feasibility of controlling measures.Methods Through the direct-report card of pesticide poisoning network system in Bengbu City,an epidemiological analysis was carried out to understand the cause of acute pesticide poisoning and characteristics.A field investigation was also conducted in 21 medical institutions randomly selected in the region.Results In 2007,totally 550 cases of various types of pesticide poisoning happened with the incidence rate of 15.48/100 000 and the main poisoning type of non-productive.124 cases(22.55%) of productive pesticide poisoning were recorded,showing more men were intoxicated and an obvious seasonal distribution with the mortality rate being 0.Meanwhile,more women were seen in 426 cases(77.45%) of unproductive pesticide poisoning but without significant seasonal distribution with the mortality of 3.52%.71.27% of the poisoning were observed at the age group of 15 to 55 years old.Relatively high-toxic and inexpensive organo-phosphorus were the main cause of poisoning.The pesticide poisoning network operating system was basically normal,and the time period for monitoring occupational disease risk factors and reporting was not too long.The rate of miss-reported for pesticide poisoning in medical institutions was 35.98% and the timely rate was 66.28%.The situation in township hospitals was the most serious,and the missing rate was 60.71%.Conclusion It's the key to control and reduce pesticide poisoning through the increasing of knowledge on safe and reasonable use and storage of pesticides and through the strengthening of supervision on pesticide.Professional training on their timely and accurately reporting of pesticide poisoning are the important factor in the direct-report card of pesticide poisoning network system.


Freshly ground quartz and naturally occurring crystalline quartz found in ball clays were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to obtain crystallinity of the quartz. In addition to semi-quantitative x-ray methods described by Murata and Norman (1976), a new diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy method is proposed to determine quartz crystallinity. The bands at 800 and 780 cm -1 were used to measure the crystallinity of quartz. It is showed that the band at 780 cm -1 is very sensitive to crystallinity of materials containing quartz. A correlation was observed between results from x-ray diffractometry and results from diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Introduction A variety of analytical methods, including x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy (IR), have been used to determine crystallinity degree of quartz in bulk materials. Murata and Norman [1] proposed a semi-quantitative XRD method for measuring quartz crystallinity. They found that diffraction generating from the (212) plane is related with the crystalline perfection of quartz. Some researchers also endeavored to define a method for determining quartz crystallinity using infrared spectroscopy. Shoval et al. [2] stated a method for measuring quartz crystallinity and found correlation between the infrared results and crystallinity measured by x-ray diffraction based on the intensity of the absorption shoulder at 1145 cm -1 . However, Shoval's method is only valid for sample containing large amount of quartz and it is not applicable materials containing quartz as an accessory mineral, as absorption at 1145 cm -1 has spectral overlap with other minerals that hinder measurement of crystallinity of quartz. In this study, infrared spectroscopy with diffuse reflectance attachment was used to obtain the reflectance spectra of finely ground powders instead of absorbance spectra to get crystallinity of quartz in bulk materials. This paper proposes a new semiquantitative diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy method to monitor degree of crystallinity for quartz based on the intensity of the reflections at 800 cm -1 and 780 cm -1 . The crystallinity results from DRIFTS were compared to crystallinity results from x-ray diffraction. Experimental Procedure Freshly ground quartz (Min-U-Sil), crude ball clays and airfloated ball clays including lignitic fine, lignitic coarse, non-lignitic fine and non-lignitic coarse were used to monitor crystallinity index value of quartz. The quartz quintuplet was scanned with a step size 0.02 0 /5 sec from 67 0 to 69 0 using a Siemens D500 x-ray diffractometer. The x-ray counts were processed by smoothing and subtracting background from full pattern. The crystallization index (CI) can be calculated by using following formula: CI = 10 F a/b (1) Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-05-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 264-268, pp 1601-1604 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.264-268.1601 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,18:13:52) The height (212)α2 of this peak (a) is first divided by its total height (212)α1 (b), above background in order to compensate for minor variations in the overall intensity of the pattern. The quotient a/b is further multiplied by 10 with scaling factor (F) in order to convert fractions into numbers generally greater than 1. Authors explained this XRD method in detail previous article [3]. For DRIFTS analysis, 1 mg sample was dried and mixed with 200 mg KBr. The mixture was ground for 5 minutes. The sample was stored in desiccators until testing time. The prepared samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Perkin-Elmer model 1720-X) with a diffuse reflectance accessory. The data were collected for range of 400-4000 cm -1 with use of 30 scans and resolutions of 2 cm -1 . Then, baseline correction was applied to samples in the range of 800-700 cm -1 . Reflectance spectrum was obtained for samples including Min-U-Sil and crude ball clays (Fig.1). The height of the dip at 780 cm -1 over the height of dip 800 cm -1 was used to calculate degree of crystallinity. The formula used to calculate the crystallinity is:


Abstract This article explains the uneven distribution of industrialised villages in China through the application of modernisation theory and the theory of uneven and combined development. It adds to our understanding of China's unevenness by employing a 'bottom-up' approach, building on existing literature that focuses on national policies. We compare the economic and social consequences of industrialisation in 13 villages in eastern China; these have been divided into three categories based on their level of industrialisation. We demonstrate that the highest or lowest levels of industrialisation either replace, or weaken, rural social contexts. However, semi-industrialised villages do not suffer from this social reformatting. Instead, 'guerrilla production' provides work opportunities for unskilled and fragmented workforces. These villages modernise while combining modern and traditional modes of production and social forms. Rural China's uneven development is therefore best described as a mosaic. In our opinion, this situation will persist for the foreseeable future. Villagers see the current social and economic circumstances as bringing benefits, meaning there is little reason to upgrade. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1903309.


This homework has 155 points for MATP 6960 (200 points for MATP 4960) plus 45 bonus points available but, as always, homeworks are graded out of 100 points. Full credit will generally be awarded for a solution only if it is both correctly and efficiently presented using the techniques covered in the lecture and readings, and if the reasoning is properly explained. If you used software or simulations in solving a problem, be sure to include your code, simulation results, and/or worksheets documenting your work. If you score more than 100 points, the extra points do count toward your homework total.


ed from the roots of Science. (Night IX, 11) But when Blake does this, either he makes it quite explicit, or, if the equation of Man and insect is not stated. Michael Riffaterre is Professor of French and Romance Philology at Columbia. Much of his pioneering contributions to the field of stylistics is contained in the recent Essais de stylistique structurale. The Self-sufficient Text


The (57) Abstract: Transformation yield electroporation was increased by using higher DNA concentration and DNA affinity purification. Fusion proteins of the viral coat protein variant and a heterologous polypeptide are useful in phage display system.


This article offers a survey of the ideas on kingship presented in the Icelandic Alexanders saga in close comparison with those offered by its source, the Alexandreis. Moreover, it sheds light on possible influences in the Alexanders saga stemming from the Icelandic historical background. In an analysis of how classical-Stoic thought found its way into the Alexandreis and the Alexanders saga, the study identifies the key role played by the speech of Aristotle to construct and update the king's image, and the manner in which this is reflected in the narrative. I propose that there is no gradual process in Alexander's downfall, although it is announced in three steps. The handling of ideas on kingship from the Alexandreis by the Icelandic author, and signs of self-awareness in doing so, is analyzed, offering insight in the recognition of such ideas on Iceland at a time of social-political change.


The introduction of the 2nd generation cryoballoon (Medtronic Arctic Front Advance, AFA) increased efficacy of cryoballoon pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. Real time monitoring of the time-to-isolati...


I noticed in the article that a doctor-patient contact (DPC) on a specific date was considered to have occurred when at least one billing item was found that required personal contact between doctor and patient. The basis for this was the Uniform Value Scale (Einheitlicher Bewertungsmasstab, EBM) EBM 2000plus, which was introduced on 1 April 2005.


The principle and its operational conditions of the fast cooling system of turbine have been described in the paper combined with the example of Indian JSW power plant.Meanwhile the commissioning and the applied effect of the fast cooling system have been introduced as well as the control way of the operation of the fast cooling system.The connection mode between fast cooling system and turbine pipes has also been optimized in practice.Under some special running condition,much maintaining time has been saved so as to improve the economy of the power unit.


Traditional surveys face increasing challenges due to rising non-response rates and the diminishing resources available to survey organizations. A recently proposed solution involves the combination of non-probability sample surveys (often cheaper) with probability sample surveys (more expensive), using the latter as a reference to weight the former. Considering a special case in which a single survey was designed and carried out by simultaneously using the two sampling approaches within a single field operation, this paper compared the use of quasi-randomization and sample matching methods to assign weights to the non-probability part of the sample. The quasi-randomization method provided the closest point estimates and smaller standard errors (on average) when compared to the benchmark estimates.


'idazolam has gained recent popularity in an-esthesiology, pediatrics, and dentistry be-.cause of its wide margin of safety, rapid on-set, 1 anterograde amnesia, and adequate anxiolysis.Midazolam can be given intranasally, which is less in-vasive than intravenous administration and gives highplasma levels. 2 Most previous reports on midazolamrecommended a therapeutic dose of 0.1-0.3 mg/kg forLntranasal 3administration to obtain adequate sedation.The objective of this study was to compare the plasmalevels of midazolam obtained from 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4mg/kg doses given intranasally in Rhesus monkeysover a. 60-min time period. The results of this studywould provide the clinician with a better understand-ing of the plasma levels of this drug given by the in-tranasal route, particularly at the higher dosage.Materials and methodsFive young adult Rhesus monkeys were included inthis study. The weight of the animals ranged from 3.4 to4.0 kg, with a mean of 3.6 kg. Each animal was restrainedand anesthetized with ketamine HC1 at 25 mg/kg IM. Anintravenous fluid of 5% dextrose and water with 1/4 nor-mal saline was initiated and profused at a maintenancerate. Each monkey received intranasal midazolam(Versed


A compact, high power terahertz (THz) sheet beam traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier is being developed for communication, sensing, and imaging applications. This research is aimed at realizing MEMS fabrication/integration of a CW coherent radiation source with 1000 W-GHz power-bandwidth product. In order to achieve this goal, we investigate (1) electric negative index metamaterial (ENG, surface plasmon) embedded electronic circuit for broad spectral coverage, (2) on-chip MEMS fabrication/ integration techniques, (3) tungsten scandate nano-composite cathode for high current density beam loading, and (4) electron gun and magnet system for high aspect ratio sheet beam transport. Relevant to broadband circuit design, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations showed that an ENG-circuit, comprised of a staggered double grating array interacting with a 20 keV and 0.25 A sheet beam, produces 150 to 275 W, corresponding to 3 – 5.5 % efficiency, at 0.22 THz over ∼ 30 % bandwidth with greater than 12 dB/cm growth rate. The circuit characterization experiment at Ka-band agrees well with both a theoretical model and simulation analysis in dispersion and attenuation plots, showing a 25 % dynamic bandwidth and 0.15 dB/cm attenuation. UV LIGA and high precision CNC machining on the 0.22 THz circuit fabrication have accomplished ∼ 2 – 3 µm dimensional tolerance and ∼ 30 – 50 nm surface roughness. Its preliminary cold-test showed −3.1 dB signal transmission at 0.22 THz. Currently, we are preparing for another test to obtain a flat band response. A scandate nano-composite (Sc2O3-W) cathode, fabricated by cryogenic milling and sol-gel process, has successfully emitted 115 A/cm2 (space charge limited) at 1150 °C and 50 A/cm2 at 1050 °C for 6,000 hrs as required to produce the requisite high current density electron beam. It is currently being attempted to be incorporated in the sheet beam electron gun by high precision machining. We also succeeded in beam-tests of a 25 ∶ 1 sheet beam, the world-highest aspect ratio, with ∼ 40 A/cm2 cathode loading, which leads to 0.25 A, corresponding to 6 ∶ 1 compression rate, in the beam tunnel. We plan to transport the beam over the 2 cm long interaction circuit with high transmission by systematic design of a permanent magnet stack.


The median eminence of the rabbit has been studied electron microscopically and the neurosecretory granules in the nerve terminals of the external layer were shown to be smaller and have a denser central core than the granules composing Herring bodies which are generally larger and have a paler core which is finely granular or vesicular. It was proposed that the small dense granules, which may represent neurosecretory substances destined to reach the pars distalis via portal veins, reach the nerve terminals in the external layer via certain dilated fibers described in this paper which contain identical granules. Some may also arise from the small dense granules occasionally seen in Herring bodies.

The demonstration of neurotubules within Herring bodies and the continuity of nerve fibers into Herring bodies, as well as the demonstration of myelin around some aggregates of large pale granules such as those seen in Herring bodies are further evidence that Herring bodies are dilated axons. Wide perivascular connective tissue spaces and interfibrillary spaces were generally seen in the external but not the internal layers. The absence of neurosecretory granules from the perivascular connective tissue spaces suggests that neurosecretory granules go into solution before entering the connective tissue space. Some fibers containing neurosecretory granules, however, penetrated through the basement membrane into the perivascular spaces and certain unidentified electron dense granules were seen beneath the basement membrane of blood vessels.


Thai colour names used for mural paintings and Khon masks are not well known, uncommonly used, and some are forgotten. They are normally known today only among few artists who inherited the knowledge to paint them from their elders. However, the artists cannot quantitatively describe the characteristics of these colours, and this is a major impediment in colour identification and preservation studies that are necessary for future restoration works of temples and artifacts. The purpose of this article is to describe our research for identifying and quantitatively describing traditional Thai colours, as part of our effort to create a "Thai Colour Name Dictionary." In this article, we show information about colour names which have never been mentioned in any international journal until now, and we describe the method we used to identify them with physical colours. The method is exemplified on 10 colour names. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 229–234, 2013.