This study aims to determine how the implementation of integrated learning at the elementary school level at SDN 02 Bumiharjo. The problems that occur are related to the implementation of integrated learning at the elementary school level, because the implementation at the elementary school level requires the right strategy so that this integrated learning can run well. In this research, the type of research used is the type of field research that is qualitative. In the study, informants were also the head of the library, educators and education staff, as well as students and other stakeholders related to this article. Data collection techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that integrated learning as a learning strategy based on an integrated curriculum approach that aims to create or create a relevant learning process, with principles including the principle of extracting themes, the principle of implementing integrated learning, the principle of evaluation and the principle of reaction and meaningful for children so that they have an important role at the elementary school level in accordance with the development of the children's age. The implementation has been going well and the implementation consists of three forms of implementation, namely the implementation that is carried out spontaneously, the implementation in the form of an integrated day, and the implementation that starts from the theme.


Introduction S OLAR sailcraft trajectory analyses are typically made for highperformance sailcraft under the assumption that the solar sail is either an ideal reflector or by consideration of the nonideal reflectivity through an overall efficiency factor that reduces the magnitude of the solar radiation pressure (SRP) force but leaves its direction unaltered.1−3 In both cases, the SRP force model is a model of perfect, that is, specular, reflection because the direction of the SRP force is always perpendicular to the sail surface. For a thorough mission analysis, however, one must consider the optical properties of the real nonperfectly reflecting sail film, where the SRP force also has a component parallel to the sail surface. Taking the current stateof-the-art in engineering of ultralightweight structures into account, solar sailcraft of the first generation will be of relatively moderate performance. The simplification of perfect reflectivity and the limitation on high-performance sailcraft seem both to be caused mainly by the difficulty of generation of an adequate initial guess for traditional local trajectory optimization methods. As a smart method for global trajectory optimization, artificial neural networks can be combined with evolutionary algorithms to form so-called evolutionary neurocontrollers (ENCs).4 Evolutionary neurocontrol (ENC) does not require an initial guess. By the use of ENC, near globally optimal trajectories can also be calculated for nonperfectly reflecting solar sailcraft of moderate performance. In the sequel, after the different SRP force models have been defined, minimal transfer times for rendezvous missions within the inner solar system will be presented for perfectly and nonperfectly reflecting solar sailcraft, including a near-Earth asteroid rendezvous (1996FG3) and a main belt asteroid rendezvous (Vesta).


Corporations within the past decade have found themselves trapped in the worst of all possible worlds. By the middle 1970's, even though profits still seemed strong, productivity growth was slowing to a crawl. By the late 1970's, the competitiveness of American manufacturers, as measured by their shares of world markets, was sagging. The Federal Reserve Board pushed up interest rates to fight inflation, and the dollar soared. American corporationsfound themselves having to cope with higher credit costs while being priced out of markets overseas and surrendering big chunks of their domestic markets to cheaper and better imports.


A system and method for processing sonar information from an underwater hydrophone array, at frequencies having wavelengths less than two times a spacing between adjacent hydrophones. The method and system all for processing received underwater waveforms at high frequency limits beyond the mechanical limits of the array.


We describe a novel reformulation of Canetti's Universal Composability (UC) framework for the analysis of cryptographic protocols. Our framework is different mainly in that it is (a) based on systems of interactive Turing machines with a fixed communication graph and (b) augmented with a global message queue that allows the sending of multiple messages per activation. The first feature significantly simplifies the proofs of some framework results, such as the UC theorem, while the second can lead to more natural descriptions of protocols and ideal functionalities.


Teaching and research can be integrated using an artificial player. A series of studies are reported that note the assets and liabilities of using an on-line oligopoly game with an artificial player. By appropriately combining teaching and gaming research costs may be lowered, the learning experience increased, and the validity of the research increased.


In the new era of learning, electronic learning (e-learning) has become a vital strategy for the vast majority of educational organizations across the world. This has instigated a fundamental change in the whole education sector's structure, values, culture and the ways in which learning is conducted. The worldwide elearning market has grown considerably, but failures are still occurring. While technology is the enabler of e-learning, in many institutions it is also an obstacle affecting the full utilization of its own potential. This paper investigates the major technical issues that impact on e-learning delivery in Saudi Arabian universities. The study identified four major technical issues: information communication technology (ICT) infrastructures, security, access (on-site and off-site) and information technology (IT) support. The various technical issues were investigated through the use of empirical case studies from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research also presents several recommendations which could be enforced to aid the implementation of e-learning systems at universities in Saudi Arabia. This research therefore has relevance for researchers, educational leaders and developers. Finally, a number of possible further research directions are discussed.


Using a large sample of MgII absorbers with $0.4<z<2.2$ detected by Nestor et al. (2005) in the Early Data Release of the SDSS, we present new constraints on the physical properties of these systems based on two statistical analyses: (i) by computing the ratio between the composite spectra of quasars with and without absorbers, we measure the reddening effects induced by these intervening systems; and (ii) by stacking SDSS images centred on quasars with strong MgII absorption lines and isolating the excess light around the PSF, we measure the mean luminosity and colours of the absorbing galaxies. This statistical approach does not require any spectroscopic follow up and allows us to constrain the photometric properties of absorber systems.


Two patients had jaundice during treatment with oral contraceptives. One of them had a history of idiopathic jaundice of pregnancy. The laboratory data included elevated levels of serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, and increased sulfobromophthalein (Bromsulphthalein) retention. Optical microscopy of the livers revealed intrahepatic cholestasis and slight hepatocellular damage. Electron microscopy showed cholestasis and hepato-cellular damage. Similar cases have been reported in the literature.


The subsonic plasma jets with the diffusive shapes and super30nic cylindrical jets in argon and nitrogen in low pressure chamber using the plasma torch with segmented anode were generated. These plasma flow regimes are obtained for specified conditions of plasma torch operating parameters and pressure in chamber. Based on the LTE assumption, simple calculations have been performed for predicting the conditions of generating supersonic and sub30nic plasma jets. These calculations allow to analyse the temperature, velocity and shape of plasma jets for operating parameters of plasma torch such as arc current, gas flow rate and pressure in the chamber. The energy transfer for subsonic and supersonic jets is also calculated and discussed. R4sum4. Des jets de plasma, subsoniques avec une forme di?usive ou supersoniques et cyhndriques ont AtA obtenus avec de l'argon et de l'azote dans une chambre I basse pression utilisant une source h plasma avec une anode segmentAe. Ces rAgimes d'Acoulement sont obtenus pour des conditions spAcifiques de pression dans la chambre et de fonctionnement de la source. I partir de l'hypothAse d'6quilibre thermodynamique local, uu simple calcul a moutr6 que l'on pouvait d6fiuir les conditions permettaut d'obteuir des jets soit subsoniques soit supersouiques et aualyser la temp6rature, la vitesse et la forme des jets de plasma pour diIf6rentes conditions de fouctionnement de la source en intensit6 du couraut d'arc et en pression dans la chambre. Les transferts 6nerg6tiques pour des jets subsoniques et supersoniques ont 6t6 calcu16s et discut6s.


The construction of ITER is an extremely important project, not only within the fusion society but also for mankind: By solving critical energy and environmental problems, another major step in human history will be taken. Design, construction, and assembly of an ultra large scale machine such as ITER require thoroughly well defined plans, strategies, and predictions of potential problems and solutions. It is believed that preceding devices and projects may provide useful references for the several important considerations noted above. The KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research), a representative superconducting tokamak, has the most similar characteristics to the design concept of the ITER. Therefore, the lessons learned from KSTAR can be categorized according to the following engineering aspects: 1) policies to prioritize decisions, 2) catch-up plans for delayed schedules, 3) strategies in site assembly, 4) troubleshooting, 5) standard indexes or guides for tests and acceptance of individual systems and of site assemblies, and 6) interfaces that can be easily omitted in view of the system integration. This paper will summarize the lessons we have learned from the KSTAR project, focusing on engineering related points that can be considered to suggest guidelines for the ITER construction.


Impalement with associated bladder injuries was observed in 4 patients. The treatment should be individualised but careful debridement of all necrotic tissue, urinary and fecal diversion, separation of the injured sites with wall-vascularised tissue such as peritoneum or omentum should reduce the high incidence of fistulae or bladder stones. Endoscopic or surgical exploration of the bladder is mandatory because foreign bodies risk creating calculi, like in our 2 cases.


Objective: To develop an NIR spectroscopy-based method for the quality control of Forsythia Suspense,which is a raw material of Tanreqing injection. Method: Principal component analysis-discriminant analysis( PCA-DA) was applied to classify the geographical origins of the samples,and partial least-square regression( PLSR) method was used to establish the calibration model for the quantitative prediction of the ratio of green Forsythia Suspense in the raw materials. Based on the research,a method of NIR spectroscopy fingerprint was proposed for the quality control of Forsythia Suspense. Results: The error probability of the PCA-DA models for the geographical origins and harvest time was 3. 37% and 1. 12%,respectively. The performance of the calibration model for the quantitative prediction of the ratio of green Forsythia Suspense in the raw materials was evaluated,and the root mean square error of prediction( RMSEP) and correlation coefficient( R) with the results were 5. 07% and 0. 9500,respectively. The threshold for the similarity match model was set at 96. 19 according to the 3σ principles, and the differences between the raw materials and the samples collected from the medical materials market could be reflected using the NIR spectroscopy-based fingerprints. Conclusions: The proposed methods can be used for the quality control of Forsythia Suspense,which also provide promising tools for the quality control of other Chinese medicinal materials.


A security component 14 for use with an internet browser application 12 which displays internet resources in response to receiving resource locators (URLs) specifying the internet resources. The security component, which may be a plug-in or toolbar for a web browser, comprises means for receiving a resource locator from the browser and means for providing a security alert if the resource locator fulfils one or more criteria, such as comparing the resource locator or portions thereof for matches to a plurality of character patterns or for the presence of specific characters 22. One specific embodiment relates to the detection of the characters "%01" in a URL. The security component may further send the resource locator or representation to a security information server 18 which maintains a database of security information 20 relating to internet locations and which performs the comparison and returns security information to the security component indicating whether the resource locator has an associated potential security risk. The database may also hold registration information relating to a plurality of IP addresses and such information may be retrieved by the security component from the server. The security information may also comprise suspected security vulnerabilities associated with an internet location in the database, the security vulnerabilities relating to one or more of the operating system of a web server associated with the location, the version of the operating system, the web server software used by the web server and the version of the web server software. The described browser plug-in or toolbar therefore provides protection from browsing to/downloading information from potentially malicious resource locations (URLs).


This research attempted to examine what factors of full-pledged agricultural product brands heightened the brand loyalty and through what process the agricultural product loyalty was formed and to contribute to strengthening the competitiveness of locally produced agricultural product brands through...


We report on a Fast Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FFTS) that provides larger bandwidth by fast local oscillator switching of the base-band converter. We demonstrate that this frequency scanning technique is suited for atmospheric remote sensing and conduct measurements of atmospheric ozone using the WIRA-C (WInd RAdiometer for Campaigns) Doppler wind radiometer. The comparison of our measurements to an adjusted atmospheric and instrumental model exposes no systematic biases due to the switching procedure in the measured spectra. It further shows that the combination of high spectral resolution with large bandwidth yields good measurement response to stratospheric and mesospheric ozone from approximately a 20 km to 70 km altitude with a resolution of 7 km in the lower stratosphere to 20 km in the mesosphere. We conclude that low-cost, low-power software-defined radio hardware designed for communications applications is very well suited for a variety of spectroscopic applications, including ozone monitoring. This allows the design of low-cost, multi-purpose instruments for atmospheric remote sensing and thus has a direct impact on future radiometer developments and their adoption in remote sensing campaigns and networks.


Dependence of H- production on plasma parameters (i. e. electron density ne, electron temperature Te and hydrogen gas pressure p) is studied by using a set of particle balance equations in a steady state hydrogen plasma. The model includes six species of vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules H2* (vibrational level v″=5-10) which are important for H- production. Particular attention has also been paid to wall effects on H- production. So, both the wall recombination coefficient γ1 for H and the wall de-excitation collision parameter γ2 for H2* (v″) are treated as numerical parameters.With increasing Te, H- yield decreases. Both ne and p have some optimum values for H- production. The most significant point is that ion species ratios depend strongly not only on plasma parameters but also on wall parameters, i. e. γ1 and γ2. For H- production, the optimum condition is that γ1≅1 and γ2<<1.


In order to develop agriculture sector in the Indian economy the major role is performed by commodity market as it performs two imperative tasks of discovery and risk management of price. In India, the commodities futures market has experienced an astonished boom in terms of modern exchanges, number of commodities permitted for derivatives trading in addition to the Abstract The agriculture is seasonal industry which creates higher price volatility and makes agriculture a very risky enterprise. Price discovery is facilitated by trading of commodity futures and consequently instability in the price of the underlying is reduced. In this study endeavor has been made to assess the futures trading impact on Indian market regarding agricultural commodities. The information regarding the daily prices of spot and futures markets, for 5 years (January 2011 – December 2015), for four agricultural commodities, which is taken from four diverse categories of agricultural products i.e. Castor seed (as Oil Seed), Chana (as Pulses), Kapas(as Fibre), Turmeric (as Spices) are integrated into various econometric models to analyze the concerned purpose. This study inspects the efficiency of price and effects of unpredictability spillover in agricultural commodity market of India by means of test of Johansen Cointegration, VECM and bivariate model of EGARCH(1,1) with respect to selected commodities of NCDEX. The empirical findings extensively signify that futures market of agriculture commodity is more proficient in terms of price efficiency and information dissemination as compared to the spot market. In addition, the study outcomes demonstrate that the spillover of information occurs from future to spot market along with this, the future market contain the potential to depict the most up-to-date information. The study results have realistic propositions for financiers and market partakers because they desire to circumvent price risk aligned with the unfavorable movement of prices. Financiers may make use of the futures price, which have a propensity to ascertain latest information more speedily than the spot prices. Furthermore, the policy makers who can better understand the interdependence of these markets will be able to coordinate the stability of financial markets easily.


I. VISUAL ART AND THE MILLER TEST: INITIAL HURDLES TO FIRST AMENDMENT PROTECTION 116 A. The Power of the Image 117 B. The Problem of "Serious Artistic Value" 118 II. THE EFFECT OF ARTISTIC MEDIUM ON LEGAL BIASES: THE LAW'S DISTINCT APPROACH TO PHOTOGRAPHY OUTSIDE OF OBSCENITY 122 A. Photography and Copyright Law 122 B. Invasion of Privacy and the Release 125 C. The Realm of Child Pornography 128 D. Summary of Apparent Legal Biases Against Photography Outside of Obscenity 131 III. PHOTOGRAPHY'S MIXED FUNCTIONS AND THE MARGINALIZATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN ART HISTORY 131 IV. OBSCENITY AND THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER: PHOTOGRAPHY'S INHERENT NATURE AND THE CAPTURING OF OBJECTIVE TRUTH 135 V. LOOKING FORWARD: STRIVING FOR AN EQUAL OBSCENITY STANDARD AND THE LIMITS ON EXPANDED FREEDOM FOR THE ART PHOTOGRAPHER 140 VI. CONCLUSION 142


When tunnels are constructed under difficult geotechnical conditions in urban areas, tunnel face stability is one of the main issues to be addressed. To ensure tunnel face stability and reduce the impact of tunneling on adjacent structures, a few alternative procedures of ground reinforcement should be adopted, which includes reinforcing the soil ahead of the face using longitudinal fiberglass dowels alone or together with a steel pipe umbrella. It is of great academic value and engineering signification to reasonably determine the limit reinforcement density of these ground reinforcements. In this paper, an analytical prediction model is proposed by using the limit analysis method to analyze the tunnel face stability, and the favorable effects of longitudinal fiberglass dowels and steel pipe umbrella on tunnel face stability are investigated quantitatively. The analytical prediction model consists of a wedge ahead of the tunnel face, distributed force acting on the wedge exerted by overlying ground, and the support forces stem from the longitudinal fiberglass dowels. Moreover, sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the effect of the depth of cover, the tunnel shape, the reinforcement installation interval and the reduction factor on the required limit reinforcement density.


Abstract The essay focuses on the problem of promoting economic development in a part of the U.S. South plagued by what the authors refer to as a "resource dearth." In the case examined, the Albemarle region in northeastern North Carolina, the authors argue that such a dearth exists, and that the area's isolation, limited natural and human resources, and troubled history have held back the region's economic progress and render development difficult there even today. That said, they suggest one possible strategy that might help: the establishment of viable "mini- growth poles" within reasonable commuting distance of the ten-county area examined.


Abstract. Fassil A, Habtamu T, Tahir M, Terefe T. 2022. Diversity, floral phenology, and socio-economic importance of melliferous plants in Eastern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 172-181. Beekeeping is a supply of extra money and financial gain for many thousands of farmer beekeepers in Ethiopia and plays a big role in preserving natural resources. Honeybees and flowering plants have co-evolved in their special symbiotic relationship. Bee plant types and their flowering duration differ from one place to another due to variations in topography, climate, and other cultural and farming practices. This study investigated and documented the diversity and floral phenology of honeybee plants in Doba, Gemechis, and Mi'eso Districts, Oromia National Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia, from January 2019 to July 2021. Ethnobotanical data were collected to reveal the diversity of melliferous plants, practices, and communities' attitudes about honey production and melliferous plant conservation. A total of 422 respondents participated through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field walks for socio-economic data collection. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, ranking, and scores were used and presented with tables and figures to analyze ethnobotanical data. A total of 120 melliferous plant species were distributed under 108 genera and 55 families, of which 70 plants were found in the Gemechis District, followed by Doba and Mi'eso Districts with 47 and 42 plants each, respectively. Sorenson's Similarity Index values showed the wide-ranging melliferous plant species distribution patterns in the three districts with 50.4 (between Doba and Mi'eso), 37.5 (between Doba and Gemechis), and 15.3 (between Gemechis and Mi'eso) species overlaps. Fabaceae and Asteraceae contribute a significant number of species, with 12 (10 %) and 9 (7.5 %) melliferous plants, respectively. Local communities have a good awareness of the seasonal availability of melliferous plants, indicating adequate supply (June to early December) and critical shortage (November to early May) of melliferous plant resources favoring strong and weak colony strength, respectively. Lack of nutrition, improper management practices, honey bee predators, and lack of beekeeping knowledge and equipment were the most important constraints deleteriously influencing the honey quality and amount in the study area. The shortage of pollen and nectar flow during the dearth periods (January to March) needs interventions like hive migration and bee floral plantations. Hence, there is an urgent need for intervention through awareness creation, campaign-based melliferous plant plantations, and technology transfers.


The new complexes cis-[PtMe4L2], L = MeNC or 2,6-Me2C6H3NC, decompose cleanly in the solid state or in solution to give ethane and cis-[PtMe2L2]. Studies using differential scanning calorimetry give a value of (PtMe)= 133 ± kJ mol–1for the mutually trans PtMe groups, and deuterium-labelling studies show that the reductive elimination step is intramolecular. Kinetic studies show that the reaction occures very largely after ligand dissociation and gives a value of k(PtCH3)/k(PtCD3)= 1.30 ± 0.04. It is suggested that an agostic interaction of one CH3Pt group in the five-co-ordinate intermediate precedes the reductive elimination step and reasons for this proposal are advanced.


Twenty bacterial isolates from selected marine communities were obtained employing solid. mod ifi ed sea water med ia contain ing slops. Thirteen basic morphological. cytological . physiological and biochemical tests were conducted to characterize six of the strains that grew most successfully on the slops media. The abi lity to hydrolyze high molecular weight sugars and proteins appears to be a necessary condition for the successful growth of some of these isolates on slops media. Tentative identifications of these bacterial strains were made.


Fifteen patients with ureteral obstruction secondary to advanced and/or recurrent gynecologic malignancies underwent endoscopic (3) or surgical transvesical (12) insertion of Gibbons (12) or Double "J" (3) stent catheters. Renal function improvement was noted in all but one patient who had renal parenchymal disease. No complication attributable to the insertion procedure was recorded. This approach to the treatment of ureteral occlusion in patients with gynecologic cancer is discussed and recommended.


Course description This course will focus on some interesting theorems and problems in mathematics. Most of these problems will require very little in the way of background knowledge of mathematics. Some of the questions may involve some geometry, number theory, graphs or group theory. This does not mean that you must have taken a course in any of these areas. In general, you may need to find inventive ways to use mathematics you already know.


Body Image reflects a person path, whose perceptions are part of its unit and are determinant for its existence, at each moment. For each individual, the perception about his body is affected by several factors, that most of the time leads to insatisfaction with owns body image, (1) (2) specifically in adolescents. At the present moment, studies that correlate real measured anthropometric data, body image perception and satisfaction are not known in Portuguese adolescents.


Fisher criterion assumes that each sample has a unimodal,symmetric distribution for each class.However,when the training sample size is large and their distributions are multimodal or skewed,the definition of classical Fisher criterion can not correctly reflect the distribution of the data in the sample space,in that case,the sets of discriminant vectors are not optimal virtually.Aiming at this case,this paper generalizes the Fisher criterion by introducing the idea of Gaussian mixture model and proposes a new linear discriminant analysis,at same time,a direct algorithm is proposed.The method is applied to letter image recognition,and the experimental result shows that the present method is superior to the existing methods in terms of correct classification rate.


The article is devoted to theory, methods and practice of students` piano-performing training of Music Faculty`s questions. The declared problem is considered in the world of constantly growing professional requirements to a future Music teacher, performer, and concertmaster. The main attention is given to practice-oriented directivity of education methods by the authors of the article in particular to staged methods of work with a vocal and choral repertoire.


Purpose: This study explores the coping strategies of Pakistani parents living in the UK and caring for children with severe learning disabilities. It examines factors that influenced participants' choice or ability to use the different strategies identified. Method: Qualitative design using in-depth interviews. Results: Coping strategies included sharing care with others, using external support and recognizing and enjoying the rewards of caregiving. Parents used different strategies according to their appraisal of resources available and the perceived consequences of their action within their social milieu. Conclusions: Findings relating to cultural difference fit with a universalist approach. Coping strategies are not specific to the Pakistani population but certain characteristics of the strategies may be distinct to those used by parents with a different heritage. Antonovsky's work suggests that maintaining a sense of coherence makes a key difference to staying psychologically healthy in an apparently disordered world. Findings from this study fit with this theory. Parents derived meaning and a sense of purpose from the idea that their child's disability was from God. The rewards of caregiving and the strong moral imperative to care for one's own child contributed to understandings of caregiving as an activity worthy of investment. Implications for Rehabilitation Coping strategies identified are not specific to the Pakistani population but certain features of the strategies may be distinct to those used by parents with a different heritage. Individual practical and material circumstances and availability of resources influenced the choice of coping strategies. Religion played a role in the coping experiences of all participants. Health professionals should be equipped and supported to use religion appropriately to promote successful coping


Where and how do you start with an experiment to a make a short film specifically for exposure in the festival market?


Pre-project research is a strategic stage of the object design process, based on the results of which a decision is made on the level of competitiveness, development prospects, setting a task for the project, labor intensity and feasibilityof creating a system in general.

The existing methods of pre-project research have a high degree of generalization and are practically not formalized in any way. The disadvantage of these methods is that they consider only specific individual prototypes and are aimed at finding solutions to current problems and eliminating individual shortcomings of a particular prototype. Thus, it Is Concluded that It Is necessary to Create a new Cognitive Technology For pre-Project research In Order To obtain The Most complete information For this stage.

The article describes an algorithm for conducting pre-project research and modeling of information systems. The implementation of this algorithm is required to solve the current scientific problem of improving the effectiveness of pre-project work on the creation of information and technical systems. The list of basic procedures necessary for carrying out pre-project work at the stage of conceptual design of information systems is defined.

The proposed methodology will increase the effectiveness of the modeling process and pre-project work when creating information systems by implementing a systematic approach to their analysis and synthesis.


Aggregate stability is an important but difficult soil property to quantify and interpret. Numerous methods have been used to determine aggregate stability with varying success. This complicates the comparison among aggregate stability data. It is also difficult to obtain a consistent correlation between aggregate stability and other important soil properties such as soil erodibility or crusting potential. The objective of this study was to compare the standard Kemper and Rosenau method for measuring water-stable aggregates (WSA) with a new technique, and correlate the erosive and crusting behavior of 10 new California soils to the aggregate stabilities determined by both methods. The new method consists of determining the particle-size distribution of aggregates remaining on a 0.25-mm-diam. sieve after fast wetting, slow wetting, and stirring after prewetting. In the new technique, aggregates are sieved in alcohol instead of water. Both stability tests are simple and give reproducible estimates of aggregate stability. Coefficients of variation were <5% for both methods. However, only the stability parameters like mean weight diameter (MWD) for fast wetting and stirring after prewetting, obtained with the new method, correlate well with the erosive and crusting behavior of the test soils. For example, MWD after fast wetting was significantly correlated (r = -0.85) with splash erosion mass, but there was no significant correlation between WSA, obtained with the standard method, and splash erosion mass. In addition, the new method provides information about the stability for various conditions occurring at the soil surface as well as about the mechanisms causing stability loss.


The authors analyse two‐component electroneutral systems of classical macroions of finite size and point‐like oppositely charged microions. This article deals with the modification of the Debye–Hückel plus hole approximation when a non‐linear screening effect is taken into account in a complex plasma. Parameters of non‐linear screening of the macroions by surrounding microions are calculated within the framework of the Poisson–Boltzmann approximation. Two effects are found as a result of such calculations: (a) subdivision of all microions into two subclasses, free microions and bound microions and (b) a significant reduction of an effective charge Z* of the macroion in comparison with its true value Z due to the non‐linear screening by a thin high‐density envelope of the bound microions. We show that the value of a non‐ideal portion of an internal energy differs considerably in the case when the non‐linear screening effect is taken into account in the vicinity of the macroion.


Written by internationally acclaimed experts in the United States and abroad, this comprehensive set of environmental health articles serves to clarify our impending challenges as well as opportunities for health and wellness. * 100 entries organized according to key topic areas in environmental health * Contributions from more than 150 environmental health experts from U.S. and international settings * Figures and graphs support the main points of each article * Dozens of literature citations within each article


Reconfiguration technique has been used to reduce networks losses, balance user loads and restore power supply after a power outage in a distribution system. With a large amount of uncontrollable distributed generation (DG) added into the distribution system, reconfiguration technique is also applied to deal with the interconnection capability of DG in a network. This paper aims to obtain the maximum DG power injection into the system, while satisfying current, voltage constraints and large enough load margin. A method based on reconfiguration technique to solve the issue aforementioned is presented. The Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) is employed to solve the discrete nonlinear optimization problem. IEEE123 case, an unbalance three-phase distribution system, is used to verify the availability of the proposed methodology and the results from the simulation demonstrate the method proposed efficiency.


External skeletal fixation is used widely in the management of open or closed tibial fractures, but delayed healing is common. There is concern that this might be due not only due to the severity of injury but also to the mechanical conditions imposed at the fracture site by the fixator. Since fractures treated by external skeletal fixation can rarely be reduced to perception nor held with absolute stability, union occurs by indirect healing, which is acutely sensitive to both the charactericstics and timing of mechanical stimulation. So, the achievement of the optimum mechanical environment is particularly important where delay in bone healing is likely. Ilizarov external fixator is useful in treating open fractures of the tibial shaft because it permits axial micromotion which enhances bridging callus formation with stable fixation as well as its complications such as infected nonunion or limb length discrepancy. The impared healing with external fixation is often caused by wrong surgical technique, such as distraction of fracture fragments by fixation device. Sequential compression at fracture site may overcome any fracture gap in external skeletal fixation and also enhance endosteal bone formation. We applied sequential compression forces at the fracture site in 18 open fractures of the tibial shaft, treated 대한골절학회지 제11권, 제4호, 1 9 98년 1 0월 The Journal of the Korean Society of Fractures Vol.11, No.4, October, 1998


The authors present two detailed cases of the ionospheric and thermospheric response to soft particle precipitation in the cusp/cleft region using multi-instrument observations from the Dynamics Explorer 2 (DE 2) satellite during orbits 688 and 748, together with supporting model calculations. The experimental data set is among the most comprehensive reported to date and includes a specification of both soft particle input to the atmosphere and the detailed local atmospheric response to these inputs. Specifically, observations are presented of precipitating ion and electron fluxes, ion and neutral horizontal and vertical wind speeds, neutral temperatures and densities, and volume emission rates for the O I 630.0 nm red line, which is often used as a themospheric signature of soft electron precipitation. The two orbits were chosen to provide represenative cases for active (orbit 688; Kp=5; interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B{sub z}=0.5nT) and quiet (orbit 748; Kp=1; IMF Bz=+7.8 nT) geomagnetic conditions. Some of the data were used to provide boundary conditions and inputs to a satellite track code that was used to calculate the ionospheric structure below and along the orbital track. The satellite track code enables the authors to calculate the Joule- and particle-heating altitude profiles and the ionization ratemore » altitude profile. During each of the two orbits the region of soft electron precipitation associated with the cusp/cleft region was clearly identifiable. Several principal findings of this study are as follows: (1) The maxima in the cusp/cleft soft electron (<100 eV) precipitating flux were {approx} 3 x10{sup {minus}3} and {approx} 5 x 10{sup {minus}4}ergs/(cm{sup 2}s sr eV) for orbits 688 and 748 respectively. (2) The calculated ionization rate peaked at an altitude near 265 km, or 60 km lower than the altitude of the enhancement in the 630.0-nm volume emission rate. 41 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.« less


We study the dynamics of a classical disordered macroscopic model completely isolated from the environment reproducing, in a classical setting, the 'quantum quench' protocol. We show that, depending on the pre and post quench parameters, the system approaches equilibrium, succeeding to act as a bath on itself, or remains out of equilibrium, in two different ways. In the latter one, the system stays confined in a metastable state in which it undergoes stationary dynamics characterised by a single temperature. In the other, the system ages and its dynamics are characterised by two temperatures associated with observations made at short and long time differences (high and low frequencies). The parameter dependence of the asymptotic states is rationalised in terms of a dynamic phase diagram with one equilibrium and two out of equilibrium phases. Aspects of pre-thermalisation are observed and discussed. Similarities and differences with the dynamics of the dissipative model are also explained.


The technology of case-based systems directly addresses problems found in ndebased systems: First, . .[i]t is easier to articulate, examine and evaluate case-sthan rules. Second... [a] case-based system can remember its own performance and modifi its behavior to avoid repeating prior mistakes. Third... ~]y reasoning from analogy with paat cases, a case-baaed system should be able to construct solutions to novel problems [Slade 1991].


To examine the activity of EGF mRNA in the pig oviduct and uterus,We test the expression of EGF mRNA in the fimbria eng ,ampμLla and isd1mus of oviduct and uterus in the follicμLar stage,ovμLation stage and pregnancy stage by RT PCR technique.A strong activity of EGF mRNA was obsewed in fimbria end, ampμLla and isdmus of oviduct and uterus in the follicμLar stage,ovμLation stage and pregnancy stag it is weak.These resμLt suggest that epidermal growth factor has important efeet on the female pig reproduction.


In this paper we report a test of consumer demand theory using price, quantity and expenditure data for individual consumer's entire expenditures in an ongoing economic system. In conducting the test major emphasis has been placed on controlling and calculating errors of observation in the data collected and explicitly incorporating the measures of errors of observation into the evaluation of the test results.) The analysis presented below demonstrates that efforts directed along these lines are essential to (I) obtain observations of sufficient accuracy to contradict the theory of consumer demand and (2) distinguish between actual contradictions between propositions of the theory and propositions describing observations, on the one hand, and the effects of measurement error, on the other. 0


Purpose
This paper aims to draw from research on culture, stigma and entrepreneurial activity to hypothesize that the relationship of stigma with the level of entrepreneurial activity differs by the dimensions of national culture, i.e. individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and power distance.

Design/methodology/approach
The hypotheses were tested with data from 15 countries spanning over a 15-year period. Poisson regressions were used.

Findings
Results from Poisson regressions supported the hypotheses for the differences based on the "individualism," "masculinity" and "power distance" dimensions of culture on the relationship between stigma of failure and entrepreneurial activity. However, the hypothesis for the differences based on the "uncertainty avoidance" dimension of culture was not supported.

Originality/value
Fostering entrepreneurship has been important for several countries around the world. A number of factors influence the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. In this paper, research in the areas of culture, stigma and entrepreneurship is brought together to explain how the stigma of failure may be intensified or mitigated in different cultural contexts. The results suggest that policies and attempts to alleviate stigma of failure for promoting entrepreneurship need to consider the complex interactions occurring within the cultural contexts in which entrepreneurs operate. Such initiatives should enhance their effectiveness.


Since the state has proven to be incompetent in its management of state owned enterprises a new structure must be found that takes into account the incompetence of the state but ensures that the state's economic interests are preserved the best way possible. Two of the most difficult tasks in this process are how to exercise ownership rights to assets and simultaneously delegate decision making to the management of the firm. This paper finds that the solution of these problems is to lease state owned enterprises to entrepreneurs through contracts derived from the principal-agent literature where the state is the principal and the agent is the lessee. Since the state needs to delegate responsibility to the management of state owned enterprises, the process of reform becomes in reality a principal-agent problem. To facilitate the reform process it is necessary to establish a credit market because the lessee may have investment plans that need to be financed. So far no country has yet tried to implement lease schemes based on principal-agent contracts. Future work needs to build a bridge between theory and reality to see whether they both can benefit from the interaction.


BACKGROUND: This study was performed in order to determine hemoglobipathy trait in Kahramanmaras.
METHOD: In this study premarital screening of hemoglobinopathies was performed in 11040 subjects between March 2006 and February 2007 who were planning to get married.
RESULTS: Thalassemia trait was detected in 261 subjects; hence the rate was determined to be 2.35 %. Sickle cell anemia trait was detected in 59 subjects; hence the rate was determined to be 0.54%.
CONCLUSION: These rates are similar to the overall rates of Turkey.


We construct a cross ratio on the Roller boundary of any (possibly infinite dimensional) ${\rm CAT(0)}$ cube complex. For geodesically complete cube complexes, we show that every cross-ratio preserving bijection of boundaries admits a unique extension to an isomorphism of cube complexes. As an application, we address a cubical version of the marked-length-spectrum rigidity conjecture. Under suitable hypotheses, we show that a group action on a ${\rm CAT(0)}$ cube complex is uniquely determined by the function that associates to each loxodromic its $\ell^1$ translation length. Our results apply to all ${\rm CAT(0)}$ square complexes, thus generalising a classical theorem of Culler and Morgan for actions on trees. We can however also handle a variety of higher-dimensional situations, including all actions on Salvetti and Davis complexes. All our results hold for cube complexes with variable edge lengths.


The present paper deals with the numerical simulation of delamination in composite panels. Within our model interface layers are positioned at layer boundaries where damage is expected. The material model considering inelastic strains is written in terms of the Green- Lagrangian strains and work-conjugated 2ndPiola Kirchhoff stress tensor. The delamination criterion of Hashin is reformulated as a yield criterion with softening. The critical energy release rate controls the delamination process. Refined hexahedral elements are used to discretize laminated structures. To avoid mesh dependent solutions a special regularization technique is applied. Additional viscous strain rates are superposed onto the rate independent model. Parameter studies show the influence of the different constitutive and numerical quantities. Furthermore we investigate the influence of delamination on the stability of composite plates.


This paper describes a new configuration of the channeled spectropolarimeter and its application for the spectroscopic measurement of Mueller matrix. The new configuration uses the channeled spectroscopic polarization state generator (CSPSG) consisting of a polarizer and two high-order retarders. The channeled spectropolarimeter using the CSPSG has features that up to four independent polarimetric parameters about a sample can be determined simultaneously from a single channeled spectrum and that it is almost immune to the wavefront perturbations induced by the sample. To apply the channeled spectropolarimetry for the full measurement of Mueller matrix, the CSPSG is combined with a rotating compensator spectropolarimeter. All elements of the spectroscopic Mueller matrix are determined from four channeled spectra. Its feature is that it requires only one rotating component for the full Mueller matrix measurement.


The approach to the inner life of man by the seventh art through detail shots and foreground ones resulted in the "eye in eye" effect, as a result of which the viewer found his double, alleviating the desolate loneliness in the rush of galloping sociocultural metamorphoses of the 20th century. Thus, the enlightening mission of the seventh art was proliferated, which through the white screen, revealed to humanity the polychromatic palette of Earth's human offspring. Regarding the contribution of the Moldovan film to this domain, we note with satisfaction the widening of the anthropological range by launching a psycho-cultural type of an original parentage – the nostalgic hero. The actors Sandri Ion Şcurea and Serghei Lunchevici competed in this performance. Through their inspired roles, they managed to capitalize on the hierarchy of spiritual values of the nation, sealed in the vocation of transcendence and cosmicization, of the "thirst for eternity" (M. Eliade), the spiritualization of the tragic, the mioritic catharsis, the nostalgia of the heroic consecration, etc.


Abstract: This study aims to test a model linking destination image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction, and tourist loyalty. Based on a sample of 300 tourists travelling by car from the World Natural Heritage Site of Tianchi, China, a new model of destination image was explored and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that perceived value and satisfaction are the direct antecedents of destination loyalty. Above all, perceived value and tourist satisfaction mediate the relationship between destination image and tourist loyalty. Finally, this study discusses the theoretical and management implications to boost the tourism industry in the car trip context.


The renewed interest in John Wyclif (d. 1384) has brought this late medieval figure back into the spotlight of historians, giving rise to numerous studies evaluating his thought and its implications in the context of late fourteenth century England. However, it is not possible fully to appreciate Wyclif's importance in late medieval European culture without understanding the legacy of his ideas on the continent. According to the accepted narrative, John Wyclif's thought was mediated to the continent through the scholarly contacts between the universities in Oxford and in Prague, and re-emerged in the Latin writings of Jan Hus. This article argues that John Wyclif's thought, especially his critique of the church's doctrine of transubstantiation, found a larger audience among the rural clerics and laity in Bohemia, whom it reached through Peter Payne, who simplified and disseminated the works of the Oxford master. Wyclif's critique of transubstantiation sparked a nationwide debate about the nature of the Eucharist, generating numerous treatises, both in Latin and in the vernacular, on the subject of Christ's presence in the sacrament of the mass. This debate anticipated, a full century earlier, the famous debate between Luther and Zwingli and the Eucharistic debates of the sixteenth century Reformation more generally. The proliferation of vernacular Eucharistic tractates in Bohemia shows that Wyclif's critique of transubstantiation could be answered in a number of different ways that included both real presence (however defined) and figurative theologies—a fact, which, in turn, explains the doctrinal diversity among the Lollards in England.


The TTT diagrams of the pre-hardened plastic die steels P20 and 718 from a steel plant were measured by dilatometer method.The character of the measured TTT diagrams was analyzed and discussed,which is a necessary basis for designing a proper pre-hardening process of these steels.


Operation of blast furnace with oxygen enriched blast can be generalized in three modes,such as blast with stable air flowrate,blast with stable gas flowrate in bosh and blast with stable pressure drop in BF.For large blast furnaces,the change of main operation parameters are analyzed and gas channels in high temperature and lower part of blast furnace are discussed for three modes.The results show that gas flow can be well-proportioned distributed in hearth,and effective quantity of gas channels increased under oxygen-enrichment operation with stable air flowrate,thus oxygen-enrichment operation with stable air flowrate is an effective way for improving the productivity of blast furnace.


Cu/Sn-58Bi/Ni interconnect was prepared by dip-soldering, the effects of liquid-solid electromigration liquid-solid electromigration (L-S EM) on the Cu-Ni cross-solder interaction and the interfacial reaction in Cu/Sn-58Bi/Ni interconnects were investigated at current density of 5×103 A/cm2 and 170 ℃. Regardless of the current direction, a polarity effect is observed in Cu/Sn-58Bi/Ni interconnects undergoing liquid-solid electromigration (L-S EM), i.e., the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) at the anode grows continuously and is obviously thicker than that at the cathode. EM significantly enhances the interaction between Cu and Ni atoms. When electrons flow from Ni to Cu, the diffusion of Ni atoms are significantly enhanced by the combining effect of chemical potential gradient and electronic wind, resulting in the formation of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 at the anode Cu interface, while a certain amount of Cu atoms diffuse to the Ni cathode interface under upwind diffusion, resulting in the formation of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5. When electrons flow from Cu to Ni, a large number of Cu atoms diffuse to the anode Ni interface, resulting in the formation of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC. However, Ni atoms are difficult to diffuse to the cathode Cu interface under upwind diffusion, thus, Cu6Sn5 IMC remains at the cathode. Furthermore, regardless of the current direction, Bi atoms do not segregate undergoing electromigration (EM).


The egg is main raw material of egg tofu,which has fresh structure of tofu and fragrance of egg.The study researches on formula and processing technology of egg tofu.The result shows that Tetra-Sodium pyrophosphate is the best of the food additive powder;the best formula are 0.45% of the Tetra-Sodium pyrophosphate and 38% of the eggs,best cooking temperature is 85 ℃,best cooking time is 30 min.


Abstract The presence of high concentrations of organic acids is known to adversely affect the efficiency and quality of ethanol fermentation. The growing popularity of sour beers warranted the exploration of strain-specific performance under optimal and suboptimal conditions similar to those found in sour beer production. The focus of this study was on the performance of select active dried yeast strains under artificially acidified conditions. Nine common brewing strains of active dried yeast were assessed based upon overall fermentation performance and their ability to metabolize maltotriose and maltose between 0.0% w/w − 1.0% w/w lactic acid and 0.0% w/w − 0.5% w/w acetic acid. A single strain of active dried yeast specifically selected and bred for bottle conditioning environments was assessed based upon its ability to metabolize glucose, and carbonate artificially acidified finished beer between 0.0%−1.6% w/w lactic acid and 0.0%−1.0% w/w acetic acid. This study confirmed the suitability of active dry brewing yeast for sour beer fermentations that meet or exceed the typical organic acid concentrations encountered in sour wort. The majority of the selected strains performed well in sour wort containing < 0.4% w/w lactic acid or < 0.1% w/w acetic acid. The importance of strain selection became apparent at concentrations exceeding these reported values, with two strains displaying almost no change in fermentation capabilities across the range of organic acid concentrations. Bottle conditioning remained unhindered by lactic acid up to 1.6% w/w, while acetic acid concentrations at and above 0.4% w/w significantly hindered bottle conditioning.


Injection tire curing bladder production is featured with high productivity and low cost. The key to a successful bladder injection curing lies in injection period;several solutions on quality problems occurred on injection bladder production are introduced. Homemade injection bladder curing press now is available.


To reduce inaccuracies in power monitoring, a monitor was installed in the Battelle Research Reactor to detect neutrons emitted as a result of the decay of /sup 17/N produced by an (n,p) reaction on /sup 17/O in the coolant water as it passes through the reactor core. Unstable /sup 17/N decays by beta emission to an excited state of /sup 17/O which, in turn, emits a neutron. (C.E.S.)


The lipids of eight strains of a new group of extreme halophiles isolated from Spanish salt ponds have been studied in comparison with those of Halobacterium cutirubrum, H. halobium, H. salinarium,...


Significance BK channel voltage sensitivity is paramount for the physiology of excitable and nonexcitable tissues. Although the structure of the voltage sensor domain and number of charged residues in the S4 of BK is like that of Kv channels, BK voltage dependence is much weaker. Here, using gating current measurements and microsecond molecular simulations, we show that two S4 charges (R210 and R213) are the voltage-sensing particles. These residues undergo a small upward rotameric displacement in a septum devoid of water with only slight movement of S4 during activation. These findings explain the weak voltage dependence in BK and show that the mechanism of voltage sensing in BK channels is altogether different from that of Kv channels.


The sulfur behavior characteristic in the process of copper slags smelting reduction is studied. When slag basicity increases from 0.8 to 1.4, the slag sulfur capacity and desulphurizing capacity increases and the molten iron sulfur content decreases from 0.6 % to 0.13 %. Desulfurization reaction of molten iron is endothermic, and the molten iron sulfur content decreases from 0.13 % to 0.089 % with the holding temperature increases from 1773 K to 1823 K. The theoretical sulfur distribution ratio between molten slag and iron is higher than the value under the test time. The desulfurization rates of the molten iron increase with the holding time. Sulfur content of the molten iron decreases to 0.11 % after being treated under the holding temperature of 1823 K for 40 minutes with slag basicity of 1.4. The sulfur content in the generated iron is still high and the further desulphurization pretreatment is needed for steelmaking.


Abstract Recently, polyethylene glycols (PEGS) of various molecular weights have been proposed as solvent promoters for various reactions 1, 2. We wish to report on the use of PEG 400 as solvent for the anionic activation of potassium thioacetate, which could be used for the preparation of alkyl and benzyl thioacetates from the corresponding halides or alcohol derivatives. The method can be synthetically significant, since from thioacetates the corresponding thiols can be easily prepared under a variety of mild conditions 3.


The composition of nano-size presents a new approach to develop new-style material with high quality and to improve the capabilities of traditional material.From the point of gaining polymer-based nano-composites material,the conception,character and application progress of various preparation methods was summarized.


The intrinsic stresses have been investigated in detail in particular diamondlike carbon films prepared by chemical vapor deposition assisted by electron cyclotron resonance plasma, as a function of the substrate bias and sample thickness in relation with the H content and bonding. Combined infrared absorption, elastic recoil detection analysis, and residual stress measurements are used to fully characterize the films in their as deposited state. The results indicate clearly that both the low and high biased samples exhibit compressive stresses. The stresses are found to be higher in the high biased films and are affected not only by the [H]/[C] ratio but also by the C–H and C–C volumetric distortions.


Compatibility is determined by researchers as a significant phenomenon of team activity that affect the effectiveness of the educational, training, and competitive process. However, the combination of the individual characteristics of athletes is not universal and is determined by the specifics of the sport, the conditions of the task, and the


Discussions on writing in the context of art practice are often framed and explored as matters of boundaries. While the territorial claims of one discipline over another may be important issues—not least for artists contextualising their work in relation to literature—this approach can prove blind to certain 'events of the boundary' by which diverse practitioners lose their identity in collective work. This paper proposes that shared politics are emerging across disciplines of art and literature. The contemporary phenomenon of artists who take up writing practices cannot be understood sufficiently as a new or renewed form of art practice. Instead, it must be thought a kind of resistance, one that is immanent to art practice but that does not progress the concerns of the discipline in any of the ways expected. Artists' writing practice need not be thought as the capturing of territory nor as art by other means; it can be understood as a way of working with unexpected partners to chart an extra-disciplinary realm, discovering both new potentials in the present and future practices.


Galesville Sandstone is currently being considered as a candidate lithology for a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) demonstration facility. This paper summarizes the results of a preliminary set of laboratory-scale autoclave experiments on a sample of the Galesville from the Media natural gas storage field in Illinois. The dependent variables of interest are percent changes in air permeability, liquid water permeability, and friability (disaggregation potential). The independent variables include temperature (50 to 300/sup 0/C), pressure (60 to 120 bars), time (0.5 to 2.0 months), oxygen content (0 to 21%), carbon dioxide content (0.0 to 0.1%), autoclave type, autoclave stirring frequency, and the humidity conditions. Three humidity conditions were simulated: (1) dry air only, (2) air and water vapor, and (3) liquid water only. Temperature, humidity and time were the dominant variables. Apparently, solutioning of silica and carbonate cements attributes markedly to the observed increases in friability and permeability for cores treated at elevated temperature in a liquid and/or vapor environment. The lack of confining pressure may also be a significant factor. The average change for air and liquid permeabilities was approximately 30 +- 10% for all conditions tested. The average increase in the friability index was 150%.


Through close-reading,I studied the following three strategies of popular culture development:Narrative rhythm:alternate tension with relaxation;Cynicism rhetoric provides channels for the public to vent their feelings;As to type strategy,popular culture tends to pursue changes in stability,and to cater public's interest,while not to challenge their intelligence.Through these ways,popular culture attracts a lot of consumers.Studying narrative strategies helps us to know more about popular culture,to change extensive studies, and to promote the development of popular culture study.


An opinion on what may cause complications displayed by the current coronavirus whereby it seems MAP kinase is 'overworking' in the process of virulence. Although the virus is completely inactivated in the presence of known chemicals such as acetone and zinc it is by accessing the lungs that it manages to cause respiratory distress. The virus is quite an amphiphilic molecule which makes its absorption easy to achieve particularly at an alveolar level where gas exchange occurs; however this amphilicity has been reached by mimicking human genome rather than by its own developmental sophistication. There is a wide range of therapeutic options for map kinase regulations. Some antimalarials and low dose aspirin even have demonstrated modest activity and according to recent news they have helped in difficult cases but prompt antiviral management should be addressed prior to the skyrocketing immune phase where the body may fail to recognise itself and self-attack. By targeting the virus initially the map kinase may react non-disproportionately.


A book review of A Pocket Guide to Online Teaching: Translating the Evidence-Based Model Teaching Criteria, by Aaron Richmond, Regan Gurung, and Guy Boysen.


Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works, Second Edition By Eric Walter White. 656 pp. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979. $28.50.


This thesis investigates the multimodal construction of voice and agency in master's theses within the South African context. I argue that voice is not only realized through linguistic features but also other multimodal meaning-making resources. The majority of postgraduate theses produced in South Africa are in English, despite the fact that English is only the fourth most widely spoken first language in the country. This thesis investigates how student voice and agency are discursively constructed in selected master's theses in this second language writing context. More specifically, I investigate how semiotic resources are used across modalities to construct voice and agency in completed master's theses and how students themselves reflect on the thesis writing process in semi-structured interviews. Using insights from genre analysis (Bhatia, 2002; Paltridge, 2002), sociocultural theory (Van Lier, 2008) and postmodern sociolinguistics (Pennycook, 2006) the thesis focuses on ways in which students intentionally violate norms of thesis writing to construct themselves as autonomous. The findings suggest that construction of voice and agency relies not only on the use of language but also on the manipulation of other multimodal meaning-making resources such as the use of visuals, layout, font, other languages and chapter order. Finally, I identify six elements, prominent in the data, that are important in assisting students to construct voice and agency in their thesis writing. This thesis ultimately provides theoretical insight into the multimodal construction of agency and voice, a topic which to this point have received very little attention in scholarly research on second language academic writing. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za


This paper shows that short-term stock price movements can be predicted using financial news articles. Given a stock price time series, for each time interval we classify price movement as "up," "down," or (approximately) "unchanged" relative to the volatility of the stock and the change in a relevant index. Each article in a training set of news articles is then labeled "up," "down," or "unchanged" according to the movement of the associated stock in a time interval surrounding publication of the article. A naïve Bayesian text classifier is trained to predict which movement class an article belongs to. Given a test article, the trained classifier potentially predicts the price movement of the associated stock. However, the efficient markets hypothesis asserts that this classifier cannot have predictive power. In careful experiments we find definite predictive power for the stock price movement in the interval starting 20 minutes before and ending 20 minutes after news articles become publicly available.


This paper provides a test of the Chiswick-Mincer specification of the human capital model in an analysis of earnings inequality across U.S. labor markets.1 The determination of income inequality across states and metropolitan areas has been examined in numerous studies.2 In these studies, Gini coefficients are used as a measure of inequality and are regressed on a host of economic and demographic variables. Typically, it is found that income inequality is inversely related both to the level of schooling and to the level of income. The former finding is often used to lend support to arguments for increased educational expenditures, while the latter finding is often cited to support the U hypothesis of Kuznets [12] that income becomes more equally distributed during later stages of economic development after having become less equal during early stages. These findings have been replicated using data across cities and states, and have been found to hold at various points in time. However, the theoretical basis for the relationship of inequality with the level of schooling and of income has not been clearly developed.


Abstract We classify Novikov–Poisson algebras whose Novikov algebras are simple with an idempotent element. Moreover, a class of simple Novikov algebras without idempotent elements is constructed through Novikov–Poisson algebras. Certain new simple Lie superalgebras induced by Novikov–Poisson algebras are introduced.


Nurses and other healthcare professionals in Wales are to receive extra support in developing new ideas to improve patient care.


We have recently completed the set-up of two high resolution spectroscopy techniques in our laboratory. They are similar in that they are both based on the use of two lasers, they both have an instrumental resolution below the Doppler limit, and in that the frequency scale of the spectrum is computed as the difference in frequency between both lasers. On the other hand they are completely different in the physical mechanism leading to the final spectrum, one of them being based on the parametric generation of photons at the difference frequency (infrared) and the other on the coupling between both lasers through the resonances of the third-order nonlinear electrical susceptibility of the sample (stimulated Raman). We will describe the set-ups and present our recent results on high precision spectroscopy of NH3D, that have led to the identification of this ion in space, and on the sensitivity enhancement in stimulated Raman spectroscopy through the use of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers.


The first part of this scientific work has been focused on the role of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors in vascular homeostasis regulation. DPP-IV inhibitors represent a class of antidiabetic drugs. By increasing the physiological levels of incretin hormones, as GLP-1 and GIP, DPP-IV inhibitors sustain the release of insulin and the control of circulating plasma glucose levels. It has been shown that DPP-IV inhibitors are able to improve vascular function independently to their ability in controlling blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemic condition damages endothelium layer with consequent impairment of eNOS/NO-mediated control on vessels homeostasis leading to vascular dysfunction. We demonstrated that Linagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, by interfering with the protein–protein interaction CAV-1/eNOS, led to an increased eNOS availability, thus enhancing NO production. This mechanism accounts for the beneficial vascular effect of Linagliptin that is independent from glucose control and GLP-1/GLP-1R interaction.
In the context of endothelial dysfunction, the second part of this work reveals sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis as a necessary pathway to preserve endothelial cell-dependent regulation of vascular tone and BP homeostasis. Sphingolipids represent important components of plasma membrane as well as bioactive molecules. Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis tightly regulates the physiological levels of sphingolipids. Serine-Palmitoyl Transferase (SPT) represents the first rate-limiting enzyme of this pathway, and we demonstrated that downregulation of endothelial de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, by deletion of SPT, increases BP and impairs endothelial cell functions. Thus, endothelial-derived sphingolipids are important in the regulation of endothelial-dependent BP homeostasis. Alterations of their levels below or above a physiological range leads to alteration in vascular tone and BP regulation.


In the network security of a late start in project management,the security,product development processes,standards and project management are far from perfect.CMMI project,as a part of software management,support the large complex product development processes,and the successful practice in other industries and applications,lead to national security and network security products development and application of unit's attention.In this paper,follow the national norms on the basis of security products,network security organization in the application of project management,CMMI,process capability improvement according CodeReview data collected before and after a comprehensive analysis,reflects the effect of process improvement.So it improves R D efficiency,standardize development process,reduce development costs and enhance the quality of the outcome of security products.For enhance the quality of products for network security it is of great significance.


Abstract Structural changes proceeding in composites under the effect of various mechanical deformations (stretching, compression, shear, etc.) definitely affect the structure of an electrically conducting system. Mechanical stresses, induced by deformation of composite materials during deformation, affect both molecular and supermolecular structure of polymers. As a consequence, they also affect a substructure, bound to it and composed of filler particles. It is evident that in the case of conducting polymer composites mechanical deformations should reflect on electric conductivity of materials.


Objective: To observe and evaluate the Naoxintong capsule improving the intervention of cerebral vascular flow mechanics index and in primary prevention of stroke in high- risk population. Methods: 364 cases of cerebral vascular hemodynamic within 75 points and high- risk groups were as the research object and were randomly divided into treatment group 190 cases and control group 174 cases. The control group received general intervention diet lifestyle and risk factor control. The treatment group on the basis added Naoxintong capsule. Six months after the intervention,we compared two groups' cerebral vascular hemodynamic integral and hemodynamic indexes. Results: Before intervention,the two groups' individual cerebral vascular hemodynamic integral did not exist significant difference( P 0. 05). After intervention,two groups' vascular hemodynamics forebrain integral increased significantly( P 0. 05) and treatment group' s was significantly higher than that of control group( P 0. 05). Before intervention,all hemodynamic parameters were not statistically different( P 0. 05). After intervention,peripheral resistance RV and the characteristic impedance of Zcv decreased significantly and cerebral blood vessel maximum velocity Vmax,minimum blood flow velocity of Vmin and mean blood flow velocity of V mean increased significantly( P 0. 05). The treatment group's each index to improve the situation was better than those of the control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion: The primary prevention with Naoxintong Capsule on patients with stroke risk can significantly improve the brain function of the body,thereby reducing the risk of stroke.


ABSTRACT Industrial and pilot plant spray-dried materials were obtained from various manufacturers and qualitatively examined in order to identify structural and morphological features. Three distinct categories of particle morphology were identified. Namely, crystalline, skin forming and agglomerate. A number of unusual morphological phenomena were also noted Selected properties such as powder flowability. particle size and particle friability, were found to be directly related to morphological structure. Single particles were also produced in a convective drying process analogous to spray drying, in which, different solids or mixtures of solids were dried from solutions, slurries or pastes as single suspended droplets. The localised chemical and physical structures were analysed, and the results related to experimental conditions viz. drying air temperature and initial solids concentration. There was a strong similarity between the industrial spray-dried material and those dried experimentally. The morphologies of multicomponent mixtures were found to be complex, with the respective migration rates of the solids being dependent on drying temperature. The results are of relevance to dryer optimisation and to the optimisation of product characteristics, They also go some way to validating the single droplet drying technique as a useful analytical tool in spray drying research, and possibly other particulate processing industries.


This study examines the indirect relationship between learning climate and employees' creativity and adaptivity. Utilizing multi-level modeling analysis techniques and data from a sample of 625 employees from 12 different organizations in Israel, we tested the proposed relationship as mediated by employee engagement and moderated by sector of employment (business versus public). Results were generally consistent with the hypothesized conceptual model in that we found the indirect relationship between learning climate and employees' creativity and adaptivity to be mediated by employee engagement. In addition, we found that this mediation through engagement is moderated by sector of employment. We conclude that the relationship between learning climate and employee performance behaviors is more complex than previously argued in the learning climate literature. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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Since the late nineteenth-century Reform Movement, monolingual methodology has been one of the cardinal principles in the foreign language teaching classroom. There was a general consensus that translation should be avoided as far as possible. However, the value of translation as an approach to foreign language teaching and learning is being rediscovered in addition to its effectiveness in explaining new words and grammar points, while the defective aspect of the communicative language teaching methods begin to manifest itself. On the basis the empirical study, the author finds that due to the lack of comparison between L1 and L2, monolingual methodology tends to cause the defective communicative competence characterized by the ineptitude of converting source langue information into target language such as the generalized way in description of their own culture, producing unconventional logic texture and so on. The thesis tries to explore the factors and the psychological mechanisms that may lead to the defective communicative competence, and holds that unbalanced input and absence of translation as the means of teaching and learning are two main causes; governed by the natural inclination 'to focus on content, not on form', L2 learners tend to resort to the strategy of avoidance when they are unable to understand or describe their own world in target language. The role of translation as an irreplaceable approach in foreign language teaching and learning is also explored in detail in the thesis. Its merits mainly lie in that translation into and out of the foreign language requires accurate understanding of the target language and obliges L2 learners to make cross-culture comparison in which process the strategy of avoidance will be excluded; translation can also involve foreign language teaching in a broader social framework which will eventually promote the L2 learners' communicative competence.


Experience indicates that the simple or moderately severe case of Vincent's stomatitis will respond reasonably well to the generally accepted methods of local treatment. Fusospirochetal infection, however, occasionally invades adjacent or contiguous soft tissues, causing sloughing of the deeper tissues over a considerable area. Fusospirochetal disease is no longer considered solely a disease of the mouth. Smith2 discusses in detail fusospirochetal infections found throughout the tissues of the body. The importance of fusospirochetes in certain pulmonary conditions was recognized some time ago, and now certain cases of pulmonary gangrene, pulmonary abscess, and bronchiectasis are believed to be due directly to fusospirochetal infection. The fusospirochetes found in pulmonary infections are believed to be the same type as found in the mouth, reaching the lung probably by direct aspiration. Many clinicians have demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of arsphenamine intravenously in the treatment of bronchiectasis, pulmonary gangrene and pulmonary abscess, particularly in those cases where the fusospirochetes have been demonstrated to be etiological (or at least aggravating) factors. It is therefore logical to assume that intravenous use of arsphenamine is rational in certain advanced cases of fusospirochetal infection of the mouth, and also of adjacent or remote tissues where these anaerobes cannot be reached effectively by


Intellectual property (IP) reuse is a well-known technique in chip design industry. But this technique also exposes a security vulnerability called IP stealing attack. Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an on-chip scalable communication medium and is used as an IP and sold by various vendors to be integrated in a Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC). An attacker can launch IP stealing attack against NoC IP. In this article, we propose a NoC IP protection technique called circular path--based fingerprinting (CPF) using fingerprint embedding. We also provide a theoretical model using polyomino theory to get the number of distinct fingerprints in a NoC. We show that our proposed technique requires much less hardware overhead compared to an existing NoC IP security solution and also provides better security against removal and masking attacks. In particular, our proposed CPF technique requires 27.41% less router area compared to the existing solution. We also show that our CPF solution does not affect the normal packet latency and hence does not degrade the NoC performance.


In the modern era of information technology, machine learning algorithms are used in different domains for boosting the quality of decision making. The correct decision making about the disease diagnosis is one of the applications where these approaches are applied successfully for assisting the doctors. Correct and timely diagnosis of disease is the primary requirement of effective treatment. Today, one of the most leading causes of death is heart disease. This chapter deals with the application of different machine learning algorithms for effective heart disease diagnosis. Diagnosis through the machine learning algorithms involves the three major steps, data preprocessing, feature selection, and classification. The chapter covers the experimental study of performance of SVM, ANN, logistic regression, random forest, KNN, AdaBoost, Naive Bayes, decision tree, SGD, CN2 rule inducer approaches.


The operations ofexpansion and refinement on non-deterministic matrices(Nmatrices) are composed to form a new operation called rexpansion. Properties of this operation are investigated, together with their effects on the induced consequence relations. A semantic method for obtaining conservative extensions of matrix-defined logics is introduced and applied to fragments of the classical two-valued matrix, as well as to other well-known many-valued matrices. The central application of rexpansion that we present is the construction of truth-preserving paraconsistent conservative extensions of Gödel fuzzy logic.


Several PEN-PET copolyester films were prepared. The shrinking property, the sonic orientation property and mechanical property of these films were studied.The results show that the increasing of the PEN content results in decrease of the shrinking,increase of the oriental factor, and decrease of the breaking elongation.


Cioc's central theme of the inadequacy of what he calls the RenaissanceEnlightenment approach to the environment is persuasive—from today's vantage point. A more historicizing approach might have yielded greater empathy for those past "sorcerer's apprentices," who did not know what they were doing but who, for the most part, believed that they were doing the right thing. The role of the Rhine Commission seems overstated; the consequences of economic development during the "thirty glorious years" after World War II, such as the massive salt dumping by France, minimized. Cioc might have gone more deeply into the historical conditions that made for the new attitudes emerging since the 1960s. His tendency to identify with the Rhine and endow it with human attributes at times goes beyond what is needed as an organizing principle. But these are minor criticisms of a fascinating and extraordinary book.


Abstract Since the consumption of the livestock products increased for the past 10 years in Korea, the water use for live animals has become more important in terms of water savings. Therefore, the index connecting water use and livestock products consumption should be required for sustainable water management, and water footprint concept could be suggested as the index. The aim of this study is to estimate the water footpri nt for livestock products;beef cattle, swine, and broiler chicken. The water footprint for livestock products is divided into direct and indirect water. The direct water includes thedrinking and servicing water, and the indirect water includes the water for the cultivation of feed crops. The water footprint of beef cattle was calculate dto 17,023.1 ㎥/ton, and direct water was 91.2 ㎥/ton, and indirect water was 16,931.9 ㎥/ton. The water footprint of swine was calculated to 4,235.8 ㎥/ton,and direct water was 129.7 ㎥/ton, and indirect water was 4,106.0 ㎥/ton. The water footprint of broiler chicken was calculated to 2,427.7 ㎥/ton, and direc twater was 7.6 ㎥/ton, and indirect water was 2,420.1 ㎥/ton. Also, we compared the water footprint to water demand of water vision 2020 which is the mainreport for national water management. The water vision 2020 reported only direct water for live animal, but the water footprint includes the direct and indirect water. Therefore, the water footprint could be applied to various fields relating water and food.Keywords: water footprint; livestock products; water demand; feed crops*


Ceramic nano-fibers with less than 200 nm diameter were obtained by electro-spun method from an aqueous solution of zirconium oxy-chloride with a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol. Change of ceramic nano-fibers morphology under various annealing temperature was investigated.


Among the 10 kinds of plant extracts tested, celery extract was the best for chlamydospore formation by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Addition of 0.03M Na2SO4 to 2% celery extract greatly increased the number of chlamydospores produced. Light was inhibitory to chlamydospore formation in celery extract plus Na2SO4. The medium supported chlamydospore formation by five other formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum, and two isolates each of Fusarium roseum and Fusarium solani. Chlamydospores of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum produced in this medium germinated 87 to 98% in 6hr and caused 89 to 100% death of watermelon seedlings.


With higher education "popularization" and employment "market-oriented", college employment guidance work, concerning social harmony and stability as well as colleges and students, has become an important part of modern higher education. Therefore, employment guidance in colleges needs to be developed in the direction of specialization, professionalization and being experts. However, colleges have problems of "fragile self-esteem" and "low ability" in college students' employment, and need to enhance the ability and give full play to college employment guidance.


 The major methods for investigating the interaction between a wave current and an elevated pile cap foundation are discussed.  The changing rule of hydrodynamic pressure with water depths, current speed, wave properties, earthquake amplitudes, and frequencies are presented.  A series of combined current-wave-earthquake tests are shown. Pile foundation bridges are structures extending in the middle of the sea, so they are subject to currents, waves, and earthquake forces . This article presents a hybrid simulation that was used with input excitations of different current velocities, wave properties, and earthquake amplitudes to assess the non-linear dynamic behavior of pile foundation bridge piers. Based on the interface between MATLAB and ABAQUS software, the general formulations of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) under combined current-wave and earthquake loads are derived. Hydrodynamic and earthquake loading is consistently introduced by creating synthetic time histories of combined current-wave actions and spatially variable ground motion. The behavior of the dynamic model of a deepwater pile foundation bridge for the Songhua River in northeast China was adopted as an example of the study. The accuracy of the created model was verified using prior experimental and analytical computations. It is demonstrated how both linear and nonlinear dynamic behavior performs at various water depths under coupled current-wave-earthquake loading conditions. Revealing interesting aspects, particularly in terms of relative displacement, acceleration, shear, and moment response are shown. The results showed that the hybrid model is an efficient of simulating accurate predictions of the hydrodynamic pressure during earthquake actions for structures in coastal areas.


Regular physical activity (PA) has been pointed as an important component of a healthy life style 1 . Increase in physical activity levels and a healthy life style can reduce the risk of coronary diseases and infl uence the rate of by 2 . However, studies from Brazil and other countries show that the population is not suffi ciently physically active 3 and the increase of sedentary behavior has been a crescent concern for public health policies 4-5 . One possibility to change population attitude towards physical is to identify associated factors that can make possible the implementation of public policies and strategies that contribute to an active life style adoption 6 . Th e models that try to explain the prevalence of physical activity in leisure and transport are multifactorial and consider psychosocial, sociodemographic factors and, more recently, urban environmental characteristics in diff erent populations and contexts 7-10 . Th ere is evidence that some attributes of the perceived urban environment are associated with practice of physical activity during leisure (LFA) and transport (TFA) 11-12 . Individuals that mentioned having Abstract The aim of the study was to identify characteristics of the perceived physical environment and social support associated with physical activity during leisure (LFA), and transportation (TFA) in man and women. The study was based on a systematic sample of 746 residents in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, obtained by phonebook. We utilized the long version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the scale of active mobility in the community environment (news adapted). The outcomes investigated were not meeting the recommendations for physical activity (NARAF) in LFA and TFA in man and women. As explanatory variables we investigated the characteristics of socio-demographic variables, perception of the environment, general health, and body mass index (IMC). We performed logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratios and the adjusted attributes of the physical environment and social support of man and women that The response rate was 91% (n = 746). The prevalence of women in NARAF in was 73.3% and for men 71.1% (66.1 to 76.2%). In the LFA NARAF prevalence of women 78.4% and 74.9% in men. In TFA environmental attributes associated with and close


A method for the long term evolution (LTE) network configuring a user equipment (UE) in time division duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) allocation, comprising: a connected state during a predetermined each cycle of the reception of the transmitted information block enhanced NodeB in LTE network. Each block can be transmitted according to a fixed schedule with a predetermined transmission cycle, and includes information identifying the TDD configuration. At least in part based on the information block identified TDD configuration for the UE to determine whether to update the TDD configuration, wherein the information identifying the TDD configuration update indication TDD configuration. In response to identifying at least TDD configuration update, the UE may automatically update the TDD UL / DL allocation in accordance with the updated TDD configuration.


Concerning digital TV editing and broadcasting system's heterogeneity problem,researched in middleware.Provide a kind of idea on the digital TV transmit beginning.The system's technology architecture is service-oriented architecture.The system structure model is developed by enterprise service bus.The characteristics of Web service solve the problems that configuration of heterogeneity networks,and enhance the protocol reuse of software.This system can deal with the adaptability to achieve integrated system.


Although there are many works on the Enterprise Architecture (EA) application in healthcare systems, the literature lacks studies that provide a systematic approach to this topic specifically. This work presents a deep and broad Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to select studies demonstrating current EA practices in healthcare systems. The researchers established an SLR protocol returning 280 primary studies after the first step of the Data Selection and a consolidated inclusion of 46 articles after the second step. It was assessed the level of disagreement during the team's evaluations using Cohen's Kappa. This SLR revealed essential aspects of state-of-the-art EA application in healthcare systems, such as the most used frameworks, methodologies, and specification tools, and the criteria for their choice.


We report a one-dimensional manipulation of dry Ag particles in micro-capillary tube by using a flexural acoustic wave propagating along the tube. The capillary tube is used as a mechanical guide for both the particles and the acoustic wave, resulting in an effective interaction between them over a long range of 14 cm in length. Linear transport and local trapping of the particles are demonstrated by the excitation of traveling and standing acoustic waves, respectively. The mechanisms for the particle movements are qualitatively explained by frictional forces between the particles and the inner wall of the capillary tube.


An innovative large-span structural system, namely the FRP woven web structure (FRPWWS), is introduced in this paper. In an FRPWWS, the high-strength FRP strips are "woven" like bamboo strips in a Chinese bamboo mat to form a plane web. The outer edge of the web is anchored on an outer ring beam, and an inner ring beam is provided to anchor the FRP strips at the center of the web. The stiffness of the web to resist various loads is derived from the initial prestressing during the "weaving" stage and the additional tensioning as a result of the out-of-plane movement of the inner ring beam. As a result of the high strength-toweight ratio of FRP, this new structural form offers an attractive option for the construction of spatial structures with spans longer than are possible with conventional structural materials. In this paper, the basic layout and construction procedure for a simple FRPWWS is first presented. Three basic weaving patterns are next explained. Several variations of the basic structural system are also proposed. A simple mechanical model is presented for the deformation of individual FRP strips. Results from a finite element analysis of an example structure are also given. The results of these analyses confirm the feasibility of the FRPWWS. (2) significant damping can be expected to arise from friction at joints between FRP strips, which can enhance the resistance of the structure to wind and earthquake loads; (3) the regular weaving pattern leads to an aesthetically pleasing surface; and (4) the corrosion resistance of FRP and the ease of installation because of its lightweight translate into low maintenance costs. In this paper, the basic layout and construction procedure for a simple FRPWWS system is presented in detail. The weaving patterns in plane are summarized into three types. Some spatial FRPWWS forms for practical applications are also proposed. A simple mechanical model for individual FRP strips in the web is presented. Results from the finite element analysis of a simple FRPWWS are also described. 2 LAYOUT OF A SIMPLE FRPWWS A simple FRP woven web structure is composed of a FRP woven web, an outer ring beam and an inner ring beam for anchorage, and an additional weight or a set of prestressed tendons, as shown in Figure 1. The web is woven with FRP strips, and CFRP strips or other high-performance hybrid FRP strips are suggested. CFRP strips, which have been widely used to strengthen concrete structures in recent years, are manufactured by pultrusion in general, with a fiber volume ratio of about 65%. The properties of two representative products made in China and Switzerland respectively are listed in Table 1. Table 1. Properties of two CFRP strip products. __________________________________________________ Properties Product 1 Product 2 __________________________________________________ Country of manufacturer China Switzerland Width (mm) 100 120 Thickness (mm) 1.4 1.4 Specific gravity 1.5 1.6 Longitudinal strength (MPa) ≥2800 ≥2400 Longitudinal modulus (GPa) ≥160 ≥210 Ultimate elongation (%) ≥1.7 ≥1.4 Thermal expansion coefficient (/°C) 0.2×10 __________________________________________________ The strips can be curved and circumvoluted due to their small thickness. A typical CFRP strip with properties similar to those shown in Table 1 is able to resist a tensile force of 400kN or more, while the weight of a 300m long strip is less than 70kg. In comparison, the self weight of a 300m long high strength steel cable which can resist the same load is more than 500kg. The strips are arranged into a plane surface of a suitable pattern by some pre-defined rules. In the simplest weaving pattern, each strip passes over one crossing strip and under the next to form a web like a woven fabric. A part of such web is shown in FigFigure 2. Part of a woven web (After Peng et al. 2004)