The core determination of this article is to investigate the augmentation in the radiative heat transfer rate of Fe3O4-MoS2-H2O hybrid nanofluid specifying a flow over an inclined plate subject to ramped heating and heat generation/consumption effects. The flow of considered hybrid nanofluid is developed due to the ramped motion of the inclined plate that encounters the magnetic effects and immersed in a porous material. The fractional form of energy and momentum equations is obtained by employing the concept of the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative. Some unit-free quantities are introduced and the Laplace transform method is operated to construct the exact solutions of these equations. The noteworthy physical significance of involved parameters is discussed with the aid of graphical illustrations. To analyze the behavior of shear stress and heat transfer rate, numerical computations are tabulated in terms of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. All the figures and tables are prepared for both ramped and isothermal boundary conditions to highlight the impacts of the ramped heating condition and ramped motion of the inclined plate. It is observed that a water-based hybrid nanofluid that contains equal proportions of Fe3O4 and MoS2 nanoparticles exhibits an improvement of 6.14% in the heat transfer rate. The motion of hybrid nanofluid is retarded by fractional and inclination parameters, whereas the thermal radiation parameter serves as a flow supportive factor. Moreover, it is realized that ramping of the boundary surface and the fractional model are more effective for enhancing the heat transfer rate and limiting the shear stress. This result accentuates the significance of ramping technique in achieving a faster cooling rate and better flow control for various engineering applications.


Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most frequently used devices in hospitalized patients. Healthcare providers routinely assess the PVC site for signs and symptoms of phlebitis and infiltration; however, the diagnoses remain uncertain. In this study, we examined whether thermography can be used to assess PVC site complications. A low-temperature region, caused by infiltration, was observed in three out of 39 PVC sites; however, some cases were difficult to evaluate. The results suggest that thermography is useful for detecting PVC site complications. Analysis of the thermographic patterns might improve the assessment of PVC complications.


In modern society,the force of constitutional right gradually influences private law and personality right becomes increasingly independent in private law.Whether personality right should be a constitutional right becomes an impending issue.The article proposes that personality of modern citizen is not equivalent to personality in the Roman law.Personality right has dual nature: both a fundamental constitutional right and a right confirmed and protected by civil law.


Several researchers over the past 10 to 15 yr. have explored the relations among personality, athletic participation, and performance. More recently, research has focused on the relationship between mood states (transitory subjective feelings, emotions, or affect) and athletics. The purpose of this study was to explore this relationship in karate practitioners. Analysis indicated that successful competitors were significantly more angry than less successful competitors.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of religious practice, family dysfunction and social support in older people with deppresive symptoms. Methods: A descriptive study was performed in La Selva Health Center (Cali, Colombia) during 2001. Measures used were depression (GDS-Yesavage Scale), intrinsic/extrinsic religiosity measurement (Gorsuch-McPherson), family APGAR (Smilkstein scale) and frequency of religious practice. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. Results: 136 subjects were recruited with an average age of 69.2±6.4 year old, 78 (57%) were male, 82 (60%) were married, 21 (15%) were widowers, 133 (97.8%) were believers or had religious practice; 90% were catholics, 126 (93%) of patients prayed at least once day, 60 (44.4%) had intrinsic religiosity, 46 (33.8%) extrinsic religiosity, and 16 (11.8%) mixed religiosity; 40 (29.4%) had family dysfunction, 69 (50.7%) had not an adequate social support; 10 (7.3%) had high depressive symptoms (GDS >5/15) and 5 (3.7%) had severe depressive symptoms (GDS >10/15). The presence of chronic diseases, and being a widower had more frequency in older people with deppresive symptoms (p Conclussion: Male gender, presence of chronic diseases and being a widower had more frequency in old people with deppresive symptoms (p


In this work, we directly demonstrate solid-state synthesis of zero-dimensional metal halide perovskites by mechanochemical synthesis. Three representative zero-dimensional perovskites, $\text{Cs}_{4}\text{PbBr}_{6}, \text{Cs}_{2}\text{SnBr}_{6}$, and $\text{Cs}_{3}\text{Cu}_{2}{\mathrm{I}_{5}}$, were synthesized with high purity as confirmed by structural analysis and optical spectroscopy measurements. This work promotes mechanochemical synthesis as a tool for observing and understanding the structure-property relationships of low-dimensional perovskites, in addition to their potential as a facile synthesis method for large-scale synthesis of metal halide perovskites.


The financial statementand balance sheet of the Federal Council as at December31, 1950, were receivedand adopted. The contributions of the Branches for 1951 were noted, and Dr. W. F. Simmons gave an estimate of the probable expensesup to December31, 1951. He thought that possibly three meetingsof the Council might be held. Dr. Simmons referred to the Federal IndependenceFund. It was resolved that the Branch Councils should be asked to forward to the Honorary Treasurer of the Federal Cpuneil any moneys standing to the credit of the Federal IndependenceFund. Reference was made to the original provision that any unused surplus of the fund should be returned prp rata to the contributors. This provision was discussed,and it was pointed out by several membersthat a position had not yet been reachedat which the return distribution could be madewith safety. It was resolvedthat the money standing to the credit of the Federal Independence Fund should be retained until the first meeting in 1952, when the matter would be further considered.


Ground subsidence caused by aquifer exploitation is a geotechnical hazard that affects wide areas, causing important economic damages. This phenomenon is due to soil consolidation produced by the increase of effective stress caused by piezometric depletion. In this work a Remote Sensing Technique called Coherent Pixel (CPT) is applied to monitor subsidence in the Vega Media of the Segura River during a period of eleven years.


BACKGROUND: In order to improve patient compliance, the use of charge dissipative materials in VHC construction is becoming the standard of care. A facemask is required as the interface between patient and VHC for young children who cannot breathe through a mouthpiece. Recent studies have emphasized that a well-fitting facemask is critical for optimal drug delivery. We report a laboratorybased comparison of aerosol drug delivery between two 'antistatic' VHCs under simulated breathing conditions, using a anatomically correct infant face-upper airway model (ADAM-III, Trudell Medical International (TMI)). METHODS: Delivery of fluticasone propionate (FP; 44 µg/actuation GSK) as evaluated via anti-static AeroChamber Plus® VHC with Flow-Vu® IFI/infant mask (AC-Plus, MMC) and OptiChamber Diamond † VHC/LiteTouch † small-mask (OD, Philips) (n=5 devices/group). Tidal-breathing (tidal-volume (V t )= 155mL, duty-cycle=33%, rate= 25-breaths/min) was simulated with an Ingmar ASL 500 test lung. Each facemask was applied to the face with the same clinically-appropriate force (1.6 kg). FP was recovered from the pMDI mouthpiece, VHC, facemask, face and airway of the model as well as the filter at the carinal exit of the model airway (equivalent to lung dose). Delivered mass of FP (DM FP ) was quantified by HPLC. RESULTS: DM FP (mean±SD) was significantly greater from AC-plus (11.6±1.4µg) than OD (7.2±1.4µg) (unpaired t-test, p=0.002). This difference was largely due to the FP lost on the facemask of the OD facemask (8.8±0.9µg) compared to that of the AC-plus (4.3±0.3 µg). CONCLUSION: While other factors such as facemask dead volume and device design are important factors in device performances, decreased aerosol delivery from the OD is explicable in terms of leakage between facemask and face, or choice of anti static materials, supported by higher deposition in its facemask. Clinicians should be aware that each VHC-pMDI combination is unique.


This paper presents a comparative analysis of the health systems financing strategies of the 27 European Union (EU) member states, based on seven significant financial indicators, in order to point out the evolution of the health financing policies of the analyzed countries between years 2000-2010. In order to process the information contained in a matrix with the size of 27 (EU member states) x 7 (significant indicators), difficult to visualize, the Principal Component Analysis and the Cluster Analysis were used.


Criminal sanctions for corporations are generally not in the form of a single sanction. In addition to fines, confiscation, as well as various prohibitions for corporations are sanctions that are considered effective. Sanctions of prohibition in its various forms can be referred to as corporate imprisonment. In addition, additional sanctions in the form of announcements of judges' decisions can increase the coercive power to prevent criminal acts from being committed by corporations, but in practice, tax cases often do not involve corporations as legal subjects and criminal liability only to management or agents is considered sufficient. in the tax case Number: 292/PID.SUS/2019/PN.JKT.BRT and the tax case Number: 62/PID.SUS/2019/PN.YYK, where in that case, criminal responsibility is charged to the management or agent while the corporation is not be asked for criminal responsibility, and contrary to the Aggregation Theory where the activities of a corporation which is the output of the joint efforts of some administrators or agencies so that those who are fully responsible for these activities are the responsibility of the corporation and also to the Identification Theory (direct corporate criminal liability). According to this theory, corporation can commit a number of delicts directly through agencies who are closely related to the corporation, acting for and on behalf of the corporation.


Relationship conflict can have detrimental effects on individuals' health and wellbeing, particularly when responses to conflict are inappropriate. Attachment theory posits that in times of threat, individual differences in attachment style become more apparent. This proposition can be extended to romantic couples, and attachment theory has recently been linked to adults' coping strategies. The present study examined stress appraisals as a mediator between attachment dimensions and coping strategies. A community sample of 376 participants completed an online self-report survey measuring relationship length, relationship quality, attachment dimensions (anxiety and avoidance), stress appraisals (threat) and coping strategies (hyperactivation, deactivation and constructive); stress appraisals and coping strategies were measured with reference to a standardised conflict vignette, ensuring that all participants responded to the same conflict scenario. It was predicted that the association between attachment anxiety and hyperactivation would be mediated by perceived threat. A research question also addressed the links among attachment avoidance, perceived threat and deactivation, and further analyses assessed whether relationship length and relationship quality moderated the link between attachment anxiety and hyperactivation. Results supported perceived threat as a partial mediator between attachment anxiety and hyperactivation. A moderating effect of relationship length was found, with the effect of attachment anxiety being weaker in shorter relationships. Results support the relevance of attachment theory to the study of stress and coping. Future research should address other potential mediators and employ longitudinal designs, so as to further inform interventions for distressed couples.


The MOS instruments on the Indian satellite IRS-P3 are now working for one year in orbit. Beside the calibration of the instrument during laboratory experiments the methods and tools of the in-orbit calibration gives a reliable basis for the interpretation of the remotely sounded data from the earth atmosphere-surface system. As a part of the in-orbit quality assurance the relative internal calibration together with the absolute recalibration with the extraterrestrial sun irradiance provides data for checking the instrument parameters. The principles of the system and the results of the one year operations are discussed.


Ag nanoparticles were produced by gas aggregation method heated at 1100 o C with N2 gas flow at 2.0 slm, and were directly blowing into DNA dispersion for 24 h; the DNA dispersion was prepared by mixing of 1.0 mg of salmon testes DNA with 200 mL of pure water. The obtained dispersion was analyzed using scanning transmission electron microscope (BF-STEM), absorption spectrum, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Diameter of the produced nanoparticles was estimated to be 8 nm at this condition from STEM images for specimen collected by electro-deposition of nanoparticles onto collodion-coated Cu grid.


....................................................................................................... i Dedication ................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ............................................................................................. iv List of Figures ..............................................................................................v Introduction ..................................................................................................1 Literature Review.........................................................................................2 Methodology ..............................................................................................25 Results ........................................................................................................39 Discussion ..................................................................................................46 References ..................................................................................................62


In this article, Luke Geoghegan explores the implications of not being 'financially included' and explains how the revolution in financial services, while giving the majority of people more convenience in how they manage their money, has made being poor worse.


1Eastern Illinois University 2RiderUniversity 3BaylorUniversity Correspondence GaryL.Canivez, Ph.D., Professorof Psychology, Eastern IllinoisUniversity, DepartmentofPsychology, 600LincolnAvenue, Charleston, IL61920–3099. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Preliminary resultswerepresentedat the2015 AnnualConventionof theAmericanPsychologicalAssociation, Toronto,Ontario,Canada. Abstract This study examined the factor structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V) with four standardization sample age groups (6–8, 9–11, 12–14, 15–16 years) using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), multiple factor extraction criteria, and hierarchical EFA not included in the WISC-V Technical and Interpretation Manual. Factor extraction criteria suggested that one to four factors might be sufficient despite the publisher-promoted, five-factor solution. Forced extraction of five factors resulted in only one WISC-V subtest obtaining a salient pattern coefficient on the fifth factor in all four groups, rendering it inadequate. Evidence did not support the publisher's desire to split Perceptual Reasoning into separateVisual Spatial and FluidReasoning dimensions. Results indicated that mostWISC-V subtests were properly associated with the four theoretically oriented first-order factors resembling theWISCIV, the g factor accounted for large portions of total and common variance, and the four first-order group factors accounted for small portions of total and common variance. Results were consistentwith EFA of theWISC-V total standardization sample.


In this paper, the theoretical analysis is presented to relate the film crack patterns, developed during tensile uniaxial loading of brittle film on ductile substrate, to interface adhesion strength. If the shear stress, developed at the interface due to different deformation properties of two materials with uniaxial loading, exceeds the critical shear strength τ_d, interfacial adhesion is lost by shear breakage of interface bonding. This stress analysis describes the biaxial stress state in near-interface in terms of external strain and crack spacing. With loading the number of parallel cracks increases until the interface separation occurs, and finally no additive film cracks generate. Therefore, the interface shear strength can be estimated from the external strain e_s and crack spacing λ_s at the onset of saturation through the proposed analysis model. The interface adhesion evaluation of DLC/Al shows the increase by a factor of 1.6 in a 30min Ar-plasma etching compared to no etching. It was found that e_s increases, conversely λ_s decreases with Ar-plasma etching time, which means that interface adhesion increases. Such strong dependencies of e_s and λ_s on interface adhesion indicate that the experimentally measured parameters, e_s and λ_s can be used as a rough estimate of interfacial adhesion in a given system.


Current overshoot during a set operation has significant impacts on the ON conductance and reliability of resistive change devices such as atom switches. We break the set operation into three steps: incubation, transition, and settling. We clarify their contributions to the determinations of the ON conductance of the atom switch. The variation in the transition time causes a significant variation in the ON conductance. On the basis of the ON conductance distribution, the median of the transition time of 1 ns and its distribution are revealed.


This report summarizes the results of the project entitled, ''Piecewise-Parabolic Methods for Parallel Computation with Applications to Unstable Fluid Flow in 2 and 3 Dimensions'' This project covers a span of many years, beginning in early 1987. It has provided over that considerable period the core funding to my research activities in scientific computation at the University of Minnesota. It has supported numerical algorithm development, application of those algorithms to fundamental fluid dynamics problems in order to demonstrate their effectiveness, and the development of scientific visualization software and systems to extract scientific understanding from those applications.


The 12 C+12 C reaction is one of the single most important nuclear reactions in astrophysics. It strongly influences late evolution of massive stars as well as the dynamics of type Ia supernovae and x-ray superbursts. An accurate estimation of the cross section at relevant astrophysical energies is extremely important for modeling these systems. However, the situation is complicated by the unpredictable resonance structure observed at higher energies. Two recent studies at Notre Dame have produced results which help reduce the uncertainty associated with this reaction. The first uses correlations with the isotope fusion systems, 12 C+13 C and 13 C+13 C, to establish an upper limit on the resonance strengths in 12 C+12 C. The other focuses on the specific channel 12 C+12 C→23 Mg+n and its low-energy measurement and extrapolation which is relevant to s-process nucleosynthesis. The results from each provide important constraints for astrophysical models.


BABIES BORN early in the north of England are less likely to be breastfed than those in the south, making them more prone to infections.


A Secure Digital Host Controller(SDHC) in which FIFO concept is used and it is developed in verilog language in Altera Quartus II 10.0   environment and the system clock is generated by using a clock divider and it is implemented on the ALTERA DE2 Board  system is designed  which consumes low power and it transfers data without any data loss with greater speed . Using Altera SOPC (SYSTEM-ON-A-PROGRAMMABLE-CHIP)  Builder with the NIOS II system, in  which the Altera DE2 board will support communication through the SD card.  These features are realized using Altera SOPC builder in the Altera Quartus 10.0 tool. The overall goal of this project is to explore various applications that are possible with Altera's DE2 Board. Dids Link :  http://dids.info/didslink/06.2015-38659272/


Transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) or total extraperitoneal (TEP) hernioplasty are probably associated with differing degrees of CO2 absorption which can influence anesthetic management and perioperative morbidity. We studied 20 patients with either TAPP or TEP for perioperative CO2 absorption (cal


This paper presents a scientometric analysis of research publications in Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (GGV). The publications published in 1994 to 2014 and also indexed in Web of Science (WoS) were considered for the analysis. Different scientometric indicators have been calculated to give better insight of the research performance measured in terms of quality as well as quantity. Moreover, collaboration at different levels such as author, institution is measured along with the status of collaboration at international level. The major research areas have been also explored. This study provides a very brief but informative summary of research publications at GGV.


Urban logistics is a kind of regional logistics depending on the cities . Nowadays, there is not the standard of the improvements of urban logistics . This paper aims to apply fuzzy logic and AHP method to evaluate the competitiveness of urban logistics. We present illustrative example which is carried out by using four main cities in China to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed menthod.


The invention provides a unimorph type ultrasound probe, which comprises: a substrate whereupon a plurality of apertures are formed, each aperture having a prescribed shape; a plurality of diaphragms which are formed on the substrate such that each closes one end of a respective aperture; a plurality of piezoelectric element parts which are formed on the surfaces of the plurality of diaphragms, each piezoelectric element part comprising a piezoelectric body layer and a pair of electrode layers which are formed on both sides of the piezoelectric body layer; and a covering layer which is positioned on the surface of the substrate such that the plurality of piezoelectric element parts are embedded therein, and which is formed from an organic resin with an acoustic impedance of 1.5106-4106kg/m2s and a Shore A hardness of 75 or less.


The main subjects discussed in this paper are as follows. Triode tube; main characteristics of the equivalent schematic of the amplifying stage. Requirements for operation of a triode stage loaded with an accelerating cavity. Influence of parameters of the output stage and transmission line length on the output impedance of RF system for the beam. Typical design of the power output stage. Magnetron, travelling wave tube, principles of operation, main parameters. Magnetron loaded with the cavity of microtron, methods of coupling, requirements for stable operation. Magnicon BHF generator with a circular deflection of the electron beam, principle of operation, results of development.


Quinazolinone derivatives are a class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds,they attract great attention due to their broad spectrum of biological activities,and have been the focus of medicinal chemistry research.This article briefly describes research advances in biological activity of quinazolinone derivatives at home and abroad in recent years.


Autosomal systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare, genetic, multisystemic, chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms in two or more members of a single family. Patients present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including cutaneous (malar rash, photosensitivity), ocular (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, retinopathy), gastrointestinal (oral ulceration, abdominal pain), cardiac (atherosclerosis, chest pain), pulmonary (serositis, pleurisy), musculoskeletal (arthralgia, myalgia), renal (nephritis, hematuria), obstetrical (increased spontaneous abortions, neonatal lupus), constitutional (fatigue, loss of appetite) and neuropsychiatric (mood and cognitive disorders) involvement, among others.


The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for applying perfume trial spices. Trial means for applying perfume comprises a perfume provide a visual means for identifying and applying perfume fragrance applicator, the sampler device is adapted to apply the fragrance in the vicinity of visual identification.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to medicine, namely to systems for monitoring of state of health of multiple patients, and can be used for real-time prediction of sudden incidents. System consists of one or several sensors located on body or inside body of each patient for measurement of specific data relating to its health; sensor for determining geographical location of each patient located on patient's body; data transmitter from one or more sensors located on body or inside body of each patient, central service for collection of data on state of health of patients; central service, in which there is at least one computer with program, with which data on health of plurality of patients is evaluated. In case of sudden stabilization of data on health of multiple adjacent patients in certain period of time, sudden accident is prognosed and message is sent to doctor, and/or sanitary service, and/or maintenance service and/or ministry of emergency situations, and/or duty-dispatcher service of police located next to those multiple patients. EFFECT: group of inventions enables monitoring data of multiple patients located nearby, compare obtained data and predict sudden accidents. 9 cl, 2 dwg


Context. The chemical analysis of secondary stars of low mass X-ray binaries provides an opportunity to study the formation processes of compact objects, either black holes or neutron stars. Aims. Following the discovery of overabundances ofα-elements in the Keck I/HIRES spectrum of the secondary star of Nova Scorpii 1994 (Israelian et al. 1999), we obtained VLT/UVES high-resolution spectroscopy with the aim of performing a detailed abundance analysis of this secondary star. Methods. Using aχ2-minimization procedure and a grid of synthetic spectra, we derive the stellar parameters and atmospheric abundances of O, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Fe and Ni, using a new UVES spectrum and the HIRES spectrum. Results. The abundances of Al, Ca, Ti, Fe and Ni seem to be consistent with solar values, whereas Na, and especially O, Mg, Si and S are significantly enhanced in comparison with Galactic tren ds of these elements. A comparison with spherically and non-spherically symmetric supernova explosion models may provide stringent constraints to the model parameters as mass-cut and the explosion energy, in particular from the relative abundances of Si, S, Ca, Ti, Fe and Ni. Conclusions. Most probably the black hole in this system formed in a hypernova explosion of a 30‐35 M⊙ progenitor star with a mass-cut in the range 2‐3.5 M⊙ . However, these models produce abundances of Al and Na almost ten times higher than the observed values.


Roman Republican military culture implies the establishment of military garrisons in the cities. In 1953 G. Tibiletti compared the most likely political functions of the 'eparchos' sent to Messambria in 73-72BC with those the Roman prefect in charge of the Hispanic town of Gades (206-199 BC), whose abuses aroused complaints. The Second Punic War gives us many useful insights for a better understanding of the political functions of those garrison chiefs, particularly taking the Gades study case in mind. Along with Hannibal's extreme pressure on Italy, Rome needed to secure strategically and logistically its positions by the extensive use of garrisons, whose existence is sometimes known only by their commanders' names. Equally, there is enough evidence to show the abuse in power of some prefects, becoming as a whole a bad foretaste in the provincial administration to follow.


To develop maintenance-free turnouts, a study of fastening systems and materials was undertaken. With polyurethane elastomer vulcanized at room temperature, turnouts without ballast can be easily and firmly secured on a concrete base without embedding of ties. Such a track structure and the newly developed elastomeric packing methods have been utilized also for another track installation.


In the re-wiring layer technology, the requirement for surface evenness of the first polymer dielectric layer is not high, however, after the first layer of copper is deposited and the second polymer dielectric layer is subjected to spin coating or spraying, the surface evenness of the second polymer dielectric layer enables unevenness of the first polymer dielectric layer and the first copper deposition layer to be overlaid and enlarged. The invention provides a method for flattening the surface of the second uneven polymer dielectric layer, even all uneven polymer dielectric layers after the second layer in the re-wiring technology through a CMP. The surface evenness after flattening can be smaller than 1%. Two to three times of CMP grinding with the grinding speed from high to low is adopted, and washing is carried out after grinding. The method has the advantages that high-density and small-line-width integration can be more easily realized on the surfaces of polymers with good surface evenness.


Because in recent years the universities of Finland have had to rely more on regional than on national support, the University of Turku, which was created in 1920 to serve a national purpose, had to redirect the scope of its activities to its region. However, this region is the most important economic area of Finland outside the capital area and can thus provide many opportunities for the university. A more targeted central management at the university evaluated the external impact of the institution and decided to focus on the biosciences, cultural interactions and integration, mathematics and mathematical methods, learning and teaching, information and communication technology, materials research, and collaboration in the Baltic Sea zone as areas of regional outreach and collaboration. The latter takes place in many ways. In particular, collaboration in science takes place through the BioCity Turku organization, an umbrella organization for research in cell and molecular biology, the Turku Center for Co...


Purpose The CDC recommends that clinicians administer influenza and pneumococcal vaccines at the same time as one approach to increase the frequency of pneumococcal vaccination. We investigated the rates with which these vaccines are administered in our practice and the frequency with which they are administered together to vaccine-eligible seniors. Methods We reviewed the billing records of patients 65 years and older from 1999 through 2005 for administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines in our university internal medicine ambulatory care practice. We calculated rates of administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines given alone and together. Results Nine hundred sixty-nine doses of pneumococcal vaccine were administered, and of these, 796 (82%) were administered during the fall and winter months. Three hundred fifty-seven (38%) pneumococcal vaccinees received it together with influenza vaccine. During 2001 and 2005, when influenza vaccine supply was limited, the rate of pneumococcal vaccine administered together with influenza vaccine declined sharply (from 2.3 in 2000 to 1.4 in 2001 and from 1.3 in 2004 to 0.4 in 2005). Nonetheless, the rate of pneumococcal vaccination remained relatively stable due to an increase in the rate of pneumococcal vaccine administered alone (from 2.1 in 2000 to 3.2 in 2001 and from 1.9 in 2004 to 3.1 in 2005). Conclusions Although pneumococcal vaccine can be administered at any time of year, in our practice most pneumococcal vaccines were administered in the fall and winter months and about one-third of these were given together with influenza vaccine. In years when the influenza vaccine supply was limited, physicians in our practice continued to vaccinate with pneumococcal vaccine alone so that the total rate of administration of pneumococcal vaccine remained stable. These findings suggest that the imminent influenza season, rather than the availability of influenza vaccine, provides the trigger for physicians to prescribe pneumococcal vaccine. Physicians should be reminded that pneumococcal vaccine can be administered at any time of year.


Background: The treatment of deep infection following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is long and costly. However, there are few studies in the literature analysing the cost of total hip arthroplasty revision, especially for infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the cost of THA revision performed for infection and to compare it with the cost of revision for aseptic loosening on one hand, as well as the cost of primary THA, on the other hand. Methods: From January to December 2006, we performed in our hospital 474 primary THA, 57 revisions for aseptic loosening and 40 revisions for infection. We identified for each procedure areas of cost: preoperative evaluation, surgical procedure, medical procedure including intravenous antimicrobial therapy during hospitalization, post-operative follow-up and physiotherapy. For the costs of preoperative evaluation, we used the refunding rate of the CNAM (the public health insurance company) applicable since September 2005. The total cost of the treatment includes direct and indirect costs, corresponding to the expenses of medical and surgical entities involved in the procedure, the operating charges of the hospital and the net expenses of general services. The cost of primary total hip arthroplasty was used as the reference cost. Results: The average duration of hospital stay was 6 days for a primary THA, 8 days for a revision for aseptic loosening and 24 days for septic revision. The rate of transfer to a hospital for care-following and physiotherapy was 55% for a primary THA, 70% for aseptic revision and 65% for septic revision. Moreover, the rate of the hospitalization at home for the septic revision after the surgery was 30%. The cost of the revision of THA for aseptic loosening was 1.4 fold the cost of primary THA. In case of septic revision, the cost was 3.3 fold. Discussion: The economic impact of the deep infection following THA is important. The additional cost is due to a longer duration of hospital stay and rehabilitation requiring more human and material resources. Conclusions: The cost of revision THA for infection is high. The procedures of care must be optimized in order to increase the treatment success rate and minimise the total cost.


In recent years,some new tendencies have appeared during the curriculum reformation of compulsory school in Macao.A leading task that the government should complete before long is to set down curriculum frame for every phase of basic education,and to prescribe the essential requirements that students must achieve.In addition,the idea of the curriculum,the contents of the curriculum,and the management of the curriculum also show new characters.At the same time,the curriculum reformation of compulsory school is facing some problems,such as teacher qualifications,textbooks and so on.


Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the commonest cause of uveitis in children. Uveitis is a significant cause of visual impairment in children with potential complications such as band keratopathy, cataract, posterior synechiae, glaucoma, cystoid macular oedema and a retinal problems. Following the initial treatment with topical and systemic corticosteroids, a wide variety of immunosuppressant agents have been used in the treatment of non-infective uveitis including methotrexate (MTX) and biologic therapy, most of which are administered parenterally.
 Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) is an oral immunosuppressant that inhibits the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, which has been tried in children with uveitis with mixed results. We started using MMF in children seen in our paediatric uveitis clinic initially as a third line agent when the inflammation is not well controlled despite therapeutic doses of MTX and Adalimumab, as the NHS England Clinical Commissioning Policy does not recommend the use of Infliximab in uveitis not associated with JIA. Buoyed by some favourable result, we have since then used MMF as second line and even first line agent in children with uveitis.

 Retrospective analysis of the clinical profile of children with uveitis on MMF at a tertiary paediatric rheumatology centre with focus on response to treatment.

 Of the 8 patients who received MMF, six (75%) were girls. Half of them (4/8) had idiopathic uveitis and the rest, associated with JIA. 2/8 patients had MMF as third line agent on top of MTX and Adalimumab, while five of them had it as second line agent on top of Adalimumab due to either MTX intolerance or needle phobia. One patient was started on MMF as first line agent following topical steroids. 6 (75%) of the patients responded/stayed in remission following the addition of/switch to MMF.

 MMF has shown initial promise in the treatment of uveitis in children with uveitis in this small cohort, in line with some existing evidence. It was initially used in patients who were not keen on injections/intolerant to MTX or had failed all existing options. This is a small cohort of patients and we would welcome more research in this area.

 The authors declare no conflicts of interest.


A vehicle driving force control / control system that the output torque of an engine (E) reduced by fuel cut when an excessive slip of a driving wheel is detected, to thereby suppress the excessive slip, comprising: a slip state detection means (M1) for detecting a slip state of a driving wheel; a first setting means of the number of cylinders with fuel cutoff (M2) detected for setting a first number of cylinders with fuel cutoff in accordance with by the slip state detecting means (M1) slip state; a second setting means of the number of cylinders with fuel cutoff (M3) for setting a second number of cylinders with fuel cut, which is different from the first number of cylinders with fuel cutoff, which is set by the first setting means of the number of cylinders with fuel cutoff (M2); operating condition detecting means (M4) for detecting an operating condition of the engine (E); selecting means (M5) for selecting either of the first number of cylinders with fuel cutoff or the second number of cylinders with fuel cutoff according to the ...


This paper presents the optimal design of underactuated fingers considering two issues: the force isotropy of the grasp, namely its ability to generate a uniform pressure on the object seized, and its stability. First, the force isotropy property is defined and a method to achieve the latter is presented. Its robustness with respect to undesired variations of the design parameters is also discussed. Second, guidelines to minimize or completely avoid ejection are presented as well as their influence on the desired optimality. In this work, a stable grasp means that the finger is in static equilibrium. The occurence of the situations where one phalanx force is negative should be decreased (prevention may be impossible [1]) and the ejection avoided. The aim of this paper is to elaborate simple and practical design rules to obtain stable optimal fingers. Previous analyses [2, 3] have described the issue of ejection for underactuated fingers, namely that a grasp sequence can degenerate into ejecting the object, and a numerical minimization was used to obtain effective finger designs. In this paper, the concept of isotropic grasp as an optimality criterion, and also, a method to either minimize or completely eliminate ejection if a limited range of motion is acceptable, are presented. Emphasis should be placed on the fact that the optimal ejection-free design method presented in this paper differs from usual optimization, since one does not maximize a criterion but matches it exactly. The designs resulting from the method proposed are force isotropic and ejection free. Results are given for both tendon-pulley and linkage transmission.


Introduction Running involving sub-maximal accelerations occurs very frequently during sports. Insight into the biomechanics of this type of unsteady locomotion therefore is of interest for e.g. footwear design and sports training. A net acceleration of the body centre of mass (BCOM) is realized by increasing the net horizontal impulse by proportionally less braking and more propulsion (Van Caekenberghe et al., in press), while controlling total body angular momentum. The increase in net impulse is related to a more anterior ground reaction force (GRF) vector and is accompanied in kinematics by an equally more forward body lean (Kugler and Janshen, 2010). Body lean is quantified as the angle relative to the vertical of a line between the BCOM and the centre of pressure (COP) which can be regarded as a moving pivot-point mechanism, among others determined by its initial contact location on the foot. Maximal accelerations during sprinting are characterized by an active (clawing) touchdown on the forefoot (Johnson and Buckley, 2001). Given the gradual change in force characteristics and body orientation, a gradual change in foot fall patterns towards the touchdown observed during maximal accelerations is expected during sub-maximal accelerations. The location of initial foot to ground contact is hypothesized to shift anteriorly on the foot (change towards forefoot strike (FFS)) with larger accelerations. However, at steady state, interindividual differences in the location of initial foot contact (already) exist. Rearfoot strikers (RFS) have a larger margin of progression to the FFS pattern than midfootstrikers (MFS), as such a larger acceleration effect is expected in the RFS population. Another means of quantifying initial foot contact consists in the foot-toground angle at initial contact, which is hypothesized to enlarge (i.e. toes gradually lower than the heel) as acceleration enlarges.


The distorted-wave Born approximation is used to calculate the excitation of the cadmium 4d-15p1P autoionising state in the (e, 2e) process. The angular correlation between scattered and ejected electrons is shown to be much more sensitive to the inclusion of the distortion than the differential cross section for excitation of the autoionising state. Comparison is made with experimental data.


The iteration method for continuation of potential fields is the basic technique to gain underwater geomagnetism database. The astringency of integral-iteration method for continuation have not been testified, according to compression reflection theory can prove that the iteration method is constringency under some conditions, so it provides theoratical foundation for the basic technique of gaining underwater geomagnetism database.


In the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics we derive a new model for porous electrodes. The model is applied to LiFePO4 (LFP) electrodes consisting of many LFP particles of nanometer size. The phase transition from a lithium-poor to a lithium-rich phase within LFP electrodes is controlled by surface fluctuations leading to a system of stochastic differential equations. The model is capable to derive an explicit relation between battery voltage and current that is controlled by thermodynamic state variables. This voltage-current relation reveals that in thin LFP electrodes lithium intercalation from the particle surfaces into the LFP particles is the principal rate limiting process. There are only two constant kinetic parameters in the model describing the intercalation rate and the fluctuation strength, respectively. The model correctly predicts several features of LFP electrodes, viz. the phase transition, the observed voltage plateaus, hysteresis and the rate limiting capacity. Moreover we study the impact of both the particle size distribution and the active surface area on the voltagecharge characteristics of the electrode. Finally we carefully discuss the phase transition for varying charging/discharging rates.


The invention provides a method for processing map data based on a mobile terminal, a system and the mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out format conversion processing for the map data and generating map vector data; encoding the generated map vector data and generating the map vector data with a compressed format; constructing a dynamic vector database in the mobile terminal; downloading the map vector data with the compressed format into the dynamic vector database; reading the map vector data with the compressed format from the dynamic vector database and decoding the map vector data with the compressed format to obtain the map vector data; and mapping a map which is corresponding to the map vector data on a display of the mobile terminal according to the map vector data and mobile terminal display pixel data. The method, the system and the mobile terminal are used to solve the problem that map data storage is matched with display and real time map scanning, voice navigation, real time geographic information and interest point searching and the like on the mobile terminal are realized in deed.


This study examines the use behavioral transfer across perceptually similar stimuli in bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) and addresses whether foraging judgments about a floral stimulus can change in a way that contradicts direct previous experience with that stimulus. Twenty bees from each of four colonies underwent discrimination training of stimuli placed in a radial maze. Bees were trained to discriminate between two corresponding object and photograph pairs of artificial flowers, where one object and its corresponding photo were rewarding, while another object and its corresponding photo were unrewarding. Following discrimination training, one stimulus from each pair (either the object or the photo) was removed. The predictive reward values of the remaining stimuli were either switched for one group or stayed the same for another. Subsequent testing on the removed stimuli revealed foraging preferences to shift based on experience with the other stimulus in the group. For instance, bees treated a previously unrewarding object as rewarding after learning that the corresponding photograph had become rewarding. Foraging decisions depend not only on previous experience with stimuli, but also category membership.


characterized by a specific chromosomal marker (the Philadelphia chromosome, Ph'), a significant percentage of all morphologic types of leukemia, except possibly chronic lymphocytic leukemia, will demonstrate aneuploidy. This report describes the occurrence of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in a young man with a balanced C-G translocation, t(Cp; Gp+), a rare chromosomal abnormality not previously described in patients with leukemia. The study includes data on the hematologic and cytogenetic status of the patient's family, one member of which also died of ALL and two members of which demonstrated C-C translocations without leukemia.


The cast Al-Si alloy ZL101 was prepared by metal model casting process with rare earth element Nd as the modificator.The effects of modification duration and remelting times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated by OM,SEM,Brinell hardness tester and electronic universal testing machine.The results show that Nd has a good modification effect on ZL101 alloy,and the effect is of long-lasting and remelting properties.After the alloy is modified for 6 h and remelted by 4 times,its eutectic silicon structure is still in modification state of small slices,and its hardness and tensile properties are not significantly affected.All the tensile specimens of the alloys with different modification duration and different remelting times show cleavage fracture.


An heuristic graph colouring procedure is described along with the various attempts made to improve its performance. The paper ends with a warning about not spending too much time on what may be a fruitless endeavour.


The transporting girder vehicle plays an important role in construction of high-speed railway, which can carry 9000kN load and adopts the suspension hydraulic system as its support. Anti-exploding valve preventing overload becomes the key component in the hydraulic system. Present paper analysis the working mechanism of traditional anti-exploding valve and found that the valve cannot satisfy the reliability requirements for the vehicle. Based on the reliability redundancy demand, a new kind of anti-exploding valve is designed, which adopts the double-pipe structure and improved the reliability of the hydraulic component, solved the problem due to the burst of the hydraulic hose. The reliability of the new anti-exploding valve was proved by the vehicle test.


This work describes a Smart Dive Scooter (SDS) to be used as a support tool for monitoring application of different marine species. Professional divers of Environmental Protection Agencies are periodically involved in monitoring activities. Ligurian Regional Agency for the Environmental Protection (ARPAL) and the University of Pisa (UNIPI) are collaborating towards the integration of classical methodologies with ICT tools to support the work of divers in terms of safety, cost effectiveness and time effectiveness. The SDS is the first step in this direction. It is a classical Dive Scooter, used for rapid movements underwater, that is integrated with sensors for environment monitoring (a set of cameras) and for data georeferencing (acoustic localisation system). The SDS will be used by ARPAL divers to quickly acquire images of the bottom of a target area. Processing of optical and positioning data will allow to build a virtual model on which perform all the analysis and measurement activities. This approach results in limiting the time underwater for operators increasing the area mapper per each dive. The paper focuses on the technique used for the synchronization of optical data among the various cameras and of them with the acoustic position measurements. This goal is obtained exploiting the audio tracks acquired by the cameras avoiding the necessity of bulky and energy expensive dedicated computers. Results of the validation based on experimental data collected at sea are reported.


The effects of a series of CCC concentrations and three methods of application on the growth and yield of Ramona 50' spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied under greenhouse conditions. Results show that treatment of CCC as a soil drench was highly effective in reducing stem height, increasing the number of tillers per plant, and increasing yield. Foliar spray and seed soaking methods were less effective than soil drenching. Yield increase was attributed to more head-producing tillers and to greater weight per grain. Untreated progeny of treated plants had more tillers and were shorter in height than the progeny of untreated plants, perhaps the result of CCC accumulation in the caryopses of treated plants.


During the history of Colombia, the agricultural industry has been fundamental for the economic development and empowerment of the country, it should be noted that one of the fundamental pillars of this industry is livestock, being this one of the most important activities. Based on this information, it is very important to emphasize the adequate feeding of cattle and horses, whose main food is grass. Since the grass is an open-type crop, it is exposed to high levels of biotic and abiotic harmful factors. Generally, for the treatment of these risk factors chemical products such as pesticides or fertilizers are used, these substances are dangerous because they can cause environmental damage and a great negative impact on the health of animals and humans. Trying to find a solution to this problem the use of endophytic fungi turns out to be a biological alternative for the protection of grass crops, these are fungi that are found naturally, which develop a symbiotic relationship with the plant, giving it several benefits. Considering what was explained, this study was carried out with the aim of isolating and identifying possible endophytic fungi from three species of perennial grasses used for cattle feed: Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra and Phalaris aquatica.

A collection of plant samples of Festuca arundinacea, Phalaris aquatica and Festuca rubra was carried out, these were granted by Edgar Cardenas Rocha, professor of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry of the National University of Colombia - Bogota Headquarters. From the samples obtained, 20 segments of plant tissue of each species were stained using methyl salicylate and aniline blue to observe the possible intercellular infection of endophytes, isolates were made from each species of grass on PDA, ELG, CME and SMA cultures to finally achieve the characterization and identification by taxonomic key of the fungal morphotypes obtained in the isolations. From the staining, an infection percentage of 55% was observed for Phalaris aquatica, 50% for Festuca arundinacea and 0% for Festuca rubra. From the samples 26 morphotypes were obtained of which 16 were identified corresponding to 7 different genera, while 10 morphotypes could not be identified. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the identified morphotypes, Fusarium sp, Fusarium clamidosporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia sp and Penicillium sp are possible non-systemic endophytic fungi in pastures and were found in association with Festuca arundinacea and Phalaris aquatica, while in Festuca rubra no grass endophytes were found.


We calculate the pump-probe spectrum of an ensemble of ID molecular aggregates, taking into account coherent exciton transport and exciton-exciton interactions. Comparison with recent experiments show that small radius biexcitons may be optically induced in PIC J-aggregates.


This paper establishes a selection model for venture investment by venture capitalists when they are faced with two choices,i.e.,cooperation or implementing a project on their own.In the analysis of the model,the investment opportunity value and investment threshold value are given for the two situations.A comparison of the two values yields the rule for the selection strategy.The effects of some parameters on investment strategies are also studied.


The homeownership rates of Hispanic and Asian-American households are significantly less than those of some other demographic groups in the U.S., especially after accounting for income and other characteristics. This naturally leads to an investigation of the impact of immigration characteristics of various groups on the propensity for homeownership. It is found that being an immigrant has a substantial negative effect on the probability of being a homeowner but that this effect dissipates over time. The relative youth of these two groups in and of itself plays a significant role in lowering their homeownership rate, as does the relatively high rate of residence in areas with high value-rent ratios.


Nowadays, FDM technology permits obtaining functional prototypes or even end parts. The process parameters, such as layer thickness, building orientation, fill density, type of support, etc., have great influence on the quality, functionality and behavior of the obtained parts during their lifetime. In this paper, we present a study concerning the possibilities of obtaining certain values for clearance in revolute joints of non-assembly mechanisms manufactured by FDM 3D Printing. To ensure the functioning of the assembly, one must know the relationship between the imposed and measured clearances by taking into account the significant input data. One way is to use the automat learning method with an artificial neuronal network (ANN). The data necessary for the training, testing, and validation of ANN were experimentally obtained, using a complete L 27 Taguchi experimental plan. A total of 27 samples were printed with different values of the following parameters: the infill density, the imposed clearance between the shaft and the hole, and the layer thickness. ANN architecture corresponds to the Hecht–Kolmogorov theorem. Genetic algorithms (GA) were used for the optimization of the output. The Neural Network Toolbox from MATLAB was used for training the network and a hybrid tool genetic algorithm artificial neural network (GA-ANN) was used to minimize the value of the absolute relative clearance (arc). The minimum value of the absolute relative clearance established by GA-ANN was 0.0385788. This value was validated experimentally, with a relative difference of 4%. We also introduced a rational function to approximate the correlation between the input and output parameters. This function fulfills some frontier conditions resulted from practice. In addition, the function may be used to establish the designed clearance in order to obtain an imposed one.


Hedera helix (Ivy) is an everygreen dioecious wood and liana. It is one of the best species of Hedera (Araliaceae). In traditional use, many parts of this plant have been used for treatment of various diseases. In this study, pollen morphology of H. helix L. belonging to the genus Hedera (Araliaceae) were examined with light microscopy (LM). According to the investigation by LM, pollen grains of the species are monad, radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate, oblate-spheroidal or prolate-spheroidal, colporate, reticulate and rugulate. In my opinion, the palynological features of the taxon might be helpful to investigate the taxa various palynological, taxonomical, melissopalynological and pharmaceutical researches.


The main aim of this paper is to analyze and define characteristics of the ancient Chinese dictionary "Xiao Erya", which is the earliest one compiled after the first Chinese dictionary "Erya". Owing to its limited vocabulary and disputable authenticity of origin, "Xiao Erya" has never been as widely recognized as the "Erya". The researchers used to limit their studies to specific issues, for example, the origin of the dictionary or its brief description. In addition, the scientific interest to the "Xiao Erya" is being warmed up by lasting debates on its authorship and dating issues. However, detailed lexicographic analysis of this thesaurus has never been carried out up to the present day.As for Russian Sinology, "Xiao Erya" has hardly ever become the subject of the fundamental and systematic research. Meanwhile, it is of current interest as one of the earliest Chinese thesauruses, continuing the tradition started by the "Erya". The present article focuses on its format and compiling style in comparison with the "Erya". The author concludes that the "Xiao Erya" system of lexical items organization as well as the ways of their interpreting and defining in general have been inherited from its predecessor "Erya". At the same time, the dictionary's macro-structure obviously has evolved showing the beginning of the transformation of Chinese thesaurus structure.


Introduction The effective design of multimedia for health education requires the participation of multidisciplinary teams of experts to produce high quality materials and applications. A modular design methodology can facilitate the process of reutilization of materials, improving the use of resources, decreasing the cost of production and the final product'. Modular design methodologies will also be especially important in the development of dynamic leaming applications on the web'2.


Financially repressed economy cannot grow with an increasing growth rate. That's why most of the developing countries move toward liberalized financial system. The basic objective of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of Pakistan, China, and India financial sector liberalization and its impact on macroeconomic performance. This study uses Johansen co integration to provide cross country evidence of long run relationship between macroeconomic variables and financial openness. Results show that there is long run relation among financial openness and macro economic performance in all three countries. Financial liberalization has positive and significant effect on Pakistan macroeconomic performance while negative and significant effect on china economy. The relationship in India is positive but not significant


We have considered the freezing of a supercooled liquid, in particular water, experimentally found to be describable by the phenomenological deterministic equation dn/dt = κn(1–n), n(t) being the fraction of ice. In order to start the process of nucleation, a white noise fluctuation is invoked. This fluctuation is considered both additively and multiplicatively with respect to the deterministic equation. The mean first passage time, a quantity of direct physical interest, is calculated in both cases. With the multiplicative noise, the Ito–Stratonovich route is avoided through a suitable transformation of the Langevin equation and through the study of the resulting Fokker–Planck equation thereof.


In recent years online consumer reviews (OCRs) have developed into a popular subject of marketing research (Hu & Liu, 2004; T. Y. Lee & Bradlow, 2011). Most often OCRs are composed of free texts, pros and cons, overall (star) ratings and recommendation indicators. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine whether these components are correlated in a reasonable way or whether there are inconsistencies that might influence the interpretation of corresponding research outputs. Using a regression analysis framework we investigate OCRs from a popular opinion portal regarding the relationship between rating and recommendation. Furthermore, the basic effects of posted pros and cons on these two types of product evaluations (rating and recommendation) are studied. Although our research clearly supports the general appreciation of OCRs as a powerful database for modern marketing research it also documents the necessity of being aware of possible inconsistencies.


This paper discusses the intellectual property of electronic resources of scientific periodicals and provides some countermeasures on the continuous increase of paid for using electronic resources of foreign publishers.In order to improve the whole influence and international competitiveness,some suggestions have been proposed for the development and commercialization of our scientific periodicals.


Gordon Wheeler , PhD, speaks to Richie Robertson about the Gestalt method of psychotherapy as well as some of the ideas relating to Community, Practice and Life, about which he had spoken about earlier at the 7th GANZ International Conference in New Zealand.


The present invention discloses a carboxylic acid ester compound, the structure shown in Formula I: wherein each substituent group is defined, see specification. The compounds of this invention have excellent herbicidal activity and can effectively control barnyard grass, crabgrass, velvetleaf, green foxtail and other weeds, at a low dose can be obtained excellent herbicidal effect as herbicides in agriculture .


Brain sectioning has been improved through gelatin embedding so that more than forty precisely oriented serial sections can be obtained from a single brain. Since the embedding gelatin requires no fixation, it can be removed from the sections prior to staining by simple warming. The reduction of Berlin blue dye commonly observed after staining by the Mulligan method has been found to be at least partly due to light in the UV to near UV range. Dye reduction is significantly inhibited by postfixation in 25% acetic acid.


Abstract This article examines the GNVQ pedagogy of independent learning. It focuses particularly on the key objective of transferring responsibility for learning to students, which underlies the claim that the GNVQ represents an empowering and 'progressive' innovation. The article explores a critical case of classroom practice in which students seized their newly acquired freedoms for their own purposes but resisted the accompanying burden of responsibility for managing their own work. Their meaning and actions are readily reconcilable, even predictable, in the light of a wealth of classroom and youth research. The article suggests that this poses problems for programmes which seek to self‐responsibilise learning without also extending opportunities for negotiating the meaning of what is to be learned. Finally, the article considers a possible interpretation of the data‐‐which is that in resisting 'empowerment' these students in fact exercised their classroom power.


Dust around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is distributed over a wide range of spatial scales and can be observed in the infrared (IR). It is generally assumed that the distribution on parsec scales forms a geometrically and optically thick entity in the equatorial plane around the accretion disk and broad-line region—dubbed "dust torus"—that emits the bulk of the subarcsecond-scale IR emission and gives rise to orientation-dependent obscuration. However, recent IR interferometry studies with unprecedented position angle (P.A.) and baseline coverage on these small scales in two obscured (type 2) AGNs have revealed that the majority of the mid-IR emission in these objects is elongated in the polar direction. These observations are difficult to reconcile with the standard interpretation that most of the parsec-scale mid-IR emission in AGNs originate from the torus and challenges the justification of using simple torus models to model the broadband IR emission. Here, we report detailed interferometry observations of the unobscured (type 1) AGN in NGC 3783 that allow us to constrain the size, elongation, and direction of the mid-IR emission with high accuracy. The mid-IR emission is characterized by a strong elongation toward position angle P.A. −52°, closely aligned with the polar axis (P.A. −45°). We determine half-light radii along the major and minor axes at 12.5 μm of (20.0 ± 3.0) mas × (6.7 ± 1.0) mas or (4.23 ± 0.63) pc × (1.42 ± 0.21) pc, which corresponds to intrinsically scaled sizes of (69.4 ± 10.8) rin × (23.3 ± 3.5) rin for the inner dust radius of rin = 0.061 pc as inferred from near-IR reverberation mapping. This implies an axis ratio of 3:1, with about 60%–90% of the 8–13 μm emission associated with the polar-elongated component. It is quite likely that the hot-dust emission as recently resolved by near-IR interferometry is misaligned with the mid-IR emitting source, which also finds a correspondence in the two distinct 3–5 μm and 20 μm bumps seen in the high angular resolution spectral energy distribution (SED). Based on this SED, we determine covering factors for the hot and warm dust components of and , respectively. We conclude that these observations support a scenario where the majority of the mid-IR emission in Seyfert AGNs originate from a dusty wind in the polar region of the AGN.


As federal government information is increasingly migrating to online formats, libraries are providing links to this content via URLs or persistent URLs (PURLs) in their online public access catalogs (OPACs). Clickthrough statistics that accumulated as users visited links to online content in the University of Denver's library OPAC were gathered over a six-year period and were analyzed. Among the conclusions were that DU users prefer online content over print for both newer and older documents and that there is great benefit in adding URLs above and beyond the URLs supplied by GPO cataloging.


Office symbolism has received a great deal of attention in human service administration as a variable that affects employee behavior and performance. Yet, the detailed relationship between various status symbols in the office and employee attitudes is not fully understood. This study hypothesizes that the physical setting of the workplace is a motivating force because it is a manifestation of status in an agency and that status symbols in the office can affect employees' work-related attitudes. Specifically, it examines the symbolic meaning of status symbols in an office setting and the extent to which those status symbols affect employee job satisfaction and perceived performance. Survey data were collected from 508 employees in a state human service agency in the United States. The results found that satisfaction with status symbols in an office setting seemed to have a significant influence on employee job satisfaction and perceived performance, even after controlling for traditional motivational variables such as satisfaction with pay and supervisory support.


For Monte Carlo simulations of systems of size M that use the method of Bortz, Kalos, and Liebowitz (BKL), the best computer time per event has been 0(M^/^). We present two new methods whose computer time per event is 0(M^/-^) or O(logM). In practice, for typical simulation sizes, if = 4 or if = 5 is fastest, requiring even less computer time than the O(logM) method. For typical simulation sizes, we are able to achieve speedup factors of 5 to 7 over the 0(M^/^) technique. 02.70.Lq, 02.50.Ga, 05.50.+q Typeset using REVTgX


The anterior subventricular zone(SVZa)−rostral migratory stream(RMS) system of the rodent forebrain retains the capacity to differentiate into neurons throughout adult−hood. However, it remains to be elucidated how tenaciously the proliferative capacity persists with time of maturation and aging. We analyzed the temporal change of the number as well as the ratio of neural precursors in SVZa−RMS system of mice by labeling them with bromodeoxyuridine. The ratio of proliferating cells in proximal RMS remained at 6.5% even 6 months after birth, whereas those in the distal RMS and hippocampus showed a gradual decline, suggesting that the SVZa−RMS system may be the optimal target for experiments using adult neuronal precursors to recruit neurons.


Grammarians have often busied themselves defining what a metaphor is. But it is more meaningful in our day to find out what a metaphor does. The little words "like" and "as" exert an enormous influence over our thoughts and our behavior; and there is vastly more to figurative language than the customary pedagogical distinctions between similes and metaphors. Our behavior is a function of the words we use. More often than not, our thoughts do not select the words we use; instead, words determine the thoughts we have. We can say with some assurance that language develops out of social conditions and in turn influences social behavior. Modern rhetorics and grammar books insist that written and spoken English shall avoid the hackneyed figure of speech. Triteness, they say, is "evidence of a failure to attain animation and originality in expression." But the trite figure is worn-out not because it has been used often before, but because it cannot bear the burden of new attitudes. ... If ever we needed to think of man as man, as unique, identical with nothing else in the world, it is today. Contemporary imagery is blurred and confused. Our hardest intellectual task is to keep things apart, to separate out issues and ideas from one another. Our present efforts are to see all particulars as alike, and we tend to force identities where only similarities exist. No two things are identical, although we seem to want to think so. We have abandoned the exact and differentiated in favor of mingled associations and blurred relationships. The use of analogy in all branches of human thought is indispensable; but the making of nice distinctions is equall y important and has ever been a leading characteristic of the human mind. The knowledge of subtle differences -- as between people of different cultures, between one human being and another, or even between brands of coffee, kinds of perfumes, vintages in wines, spoiled food and edible food, poison and medicine, beauty and ugliness, justice and injustice -- is a knowledge invaluable to mankind. What is more, the knowledge of differences leads to an understanding of relationships. We are more likely to be at home in our world not so much by striving to cut each particular to the same pattern, as by studying to understand the tenuous, the subtle, the often beautiful relationships which are the foundations of human society and to a great extent the joy of life. The knowledge of just and workable relationships among dissimilars is what every philosopher, every artist, and every statesman has longed to attain. WELLER EMBLER, "METAPHOR AND SOCIAL BELIEF" In developing a theory a scientist tries to construct a conceptual abstract system which is isomorphic to the world which he observes. A system completely isomorphic to the observable world would enable us to predict everything. So far the systems proposed have been only in part isomorphic to the observable world. Extension of this isomorphic region constitutes progress in science. The situation may be illustrated by the following example. Imagine a geometric plane inhabited by two-dimensional intelligent beings who can move freely in that plane. As they move around they discover points in that plane. Their world is made up of those points. They find that with great approximation the first three points lie on a straight line. They then make the assumption that all points in their plane lie on this straight line. To test this assumption they perform an experiment by moving along the line, and they actually find a few new points. Having thus established a "good" hypothesis they predict the existence of other points along that straight line, and their prediction is confirmed. Then someone discovers at a great distance a point which is decidedly not on the straight line, and then another such point. It is then found that all the points, including the newly discovered ones, actually lie on a parabola, and that the original hypothesis holds good only for a region of limited size, since any s ufficiently small segment of a continuous curve is well approximated by a straight line. …


The Target Fabrication group at the Central Laser Facility (CLF) works to develop and produce novel targets for the high-power laser community. Targets range from simple foils to more complex geometries and with many components and key part of the research is materials development. We describe the recent advances in the CLF in surface preparation for electroplating and the manufacture of thin films. Characterisation of these materials is carried out using Atomic Force Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy. These advances have been applied to target components that have been used experimentally on the Vulcan Laser system at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.


This study intends to investigate how the relationship between high-performance work systems and job satisfaction is influenced by perceived organizational support. The relationship between high-performance work systems and employee job satisfaction was investigated based on the social exchange perspective, and the moderating impact of perceived organizational support was examined. The claim that High-Performance Work Systems will increase social relationships between employers and employees was backed by theory. Data was collected from faculty members, and administrative staff of three public institutions and two private universities in Bahawalpur.326 was the total study sample for this study. For the collection of data, a survey research questionnaire approach was used. It was a cross-sectional study. IBM SPSS Statistics 126.96.36.199(241) is used for the purpose of Data Analysis. Cronbach Alpha and Regression were calculated. According to the results, high-performance work systems are more likely to have a beneficial effect on employees' Job Satisfaction through Perceived Organizational Support. University staff are urged to take into account the significance of implementing High-Performance Work Systems so as to increase employee satisfaction in light of the paper's findings. Evidence from the study supports the idea that Perceived Organisational Support has a moderating effect on the association between Job satisfaction and the High Performance of Work Systems that employers have implemented.


viCtoriAn StudieS Gilbert Giles de Pixérécourt's plays that properly imported the popular melodrama into england from France. James describes how melodrama became the unlikely bedfellow of bourgeois realism, with douglas Jerrold's play, The Rent Day (1832), being a pivotal text. in an account which embraces Nicholas Nickleby (1837–39), Oliver Twist, Hard Times (1854), Jane Eyre (1847), and Middlemarch, melodrama is convincingly argued for as a varied and fluid form. More interesting still is the tracing of melodramatic aesthetics into fin-de-siècle literary culture, a period in which melodrama on the stage and in the novel turned inwards to the dramas of the psyche in parallel to the emergence of psychology as a science. in the chapter entitled "the truth of the Heart" James insists on recovering the victorian novel as an affective form, one that was influenced severally by Feuerbachian Christianity as a "religion of feeling," by the emotional effusions of wesleyan Methodism, and by the persistence of romanticism in victorian culture. twentiethand twenty-first-century criticism of the novel has sometimes tended to eschew the vocabularies of "feeling" in favour of a professionalized critical lexicon. James by contrast insists on the importance of emotion in the victorian novel as "distinct from sentimentality or emotional indulgence" (67). while twenty-first-century readers may resist Anne Marsh Caldwell's claim in Emilia Wyndham (1852), that the task of the novelist is "to awaken the sense of pity—in the words of the poet, to melt the heart" (ix), James's insistence that we attempt to recover the complex structure of emotions embodied by the victorian novel, and the affective mode of its reception, seems to me timely. the chapter on victorian debates about realism ("things As they Are") is essential reading for any student of the victorian novel, as is the chapter on the relationship between the victorian novel and the visual imagination ("ways of Seeing"). in the latter James writes interestingly of the impact of the "objective clarity" of Pre-raphaelite art on eliot's fiction, and of the emphatic materiality of objects in the victorian novel. this is a deceptively accessible book that has a huge critical frame: drawing on a properly diverse range of primary source material, James is equally adept at referring us back to classic critical texts as well as directing his readers forward to important recent works of literary criticism. no academic will read this book from cover to cover nor would James expect us to. while its relatively modest length limits its use as a reference work, some of the critical work here is original and absorbing, alert to current debates in the field of victorian literary and cultural history. Sally Ledger Birkbeck, University of London


The ten works presented here were composed between early 2012 and early 2015. They chart a process of experimentation, development and clarification with regards to my personal approach to composition and share a broad set of musical ideas.

The works are diverse in terms of forces, aesthetics and sound-worlds, but are unified by the application of musical dialectics that can be metaphorically traced back to the investigation of human perception, an interest which ultimately derives from my experiences as a performer of notated and improvised music.

This investigation is represented practically, descriptively, and metaphorically in various ways across the folio. This is not a scientific study: my own curiosity about the conscious and unconscious processes which shape one's perception of the world provided a starting point for the construction of a set of musical relationships. These formative dialectics may provoke a listener to think about perceptual phenomena, or they may have an entirely different effect.


This thesis is a qualitative text analysis of worksheets used in conjunction with watching films in English language studies in Swedish middle schools. The assignments used in the thesis were partl ...


The age-earnings profile of male workers is significantly influenced by the age composition of the workforce. When the number of young workers increased sharply in the 1970s, the profile "twisted" against them, apparently because younger and older male workers are imperfect substitutes in production. The effect is especially marked among college graduates. By contrast, the age-earnings profile of female workers appears to be little influenced by the age composition of the female workforce, possibly because the intermittent work experience of women makes younger and older women closer substitutes in production. The dependence of the age-earnings profile on demographically induced movements along a relative demand schedule suggests that standard human capital models of the profile, which posit that earnings rise with age and experience solely as a result of individual investment behavior, are incomplete.


Information technology has already released accountants from the mundane bookkeeping tasks of processing, recording and reporting, and has given them more opportunity to become involved in higher level management tasks. As a result, the accountant has moved from 'financial manager' to 'information manager'. This shift is perceived as consistent with the notion or definition of accounting. Yet a more fundamental change is on the horizon. The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) (1992) has identified a further shift from 'information manager' to 'change manager'. In this role, the accountant is a long-term strategic planner; a manager of change, who is responsible for planning and managing technology to the greatest advantage for the organisation or client. This development challenges traditional accounting values, and requires a fundamental re-assessment by individual accountants, the profession, educators and educational institutions of their role.


Purpose : The purpose of this study was the role of media in the function of social thought. Exploring the thoughts of human about the society leads us to this point that our behavior and our emotions are merely a function of the society and its culture. Methodology : Most of the insights in the culture of a society develop the thoughts, feelings and actions of individuals from one side and limit them on the other side. The main concern of Muslim thinkers i.e. "man" is how he reaches the ideal model of "a perfect man." The present study compares the human status from the views of Islamic thinkers and new social sciences. In the first section, the topics "fundamental concepts of social thought" and "studying the subject of rationality in society," and in the other section, "the function of the media in the various dimensions" have been examined. The research methodology is analytical, explanatory and documentary. Findings : According to the topics discussed, the researcher has come to this conclusion that the researches done by sociologists in the field of radio and television around the world, imply that a part of the major tasks of the media is reviewing the public opinion, reflecting changes in the socio-cultural context of the audience, the general tendencies of society in various economic aspects, increasing the level of technical and public awareness of society in advancing the community ruling culture also the rapid and unbiased dissemination of news and events at the global level. Media plays an effective role in the teaching and training of religious, ethical and cultural teachings. Discussion : This role is reflected through the recognition of cultural-social patterns and processes and rethinking of social ideas in the range of related subjects. function of mass media in addressing the environmental issues. The findings show that It is very important in the environmental issues and what encourages people to reach the solution. Accordingly, it can be said that attention to the environment has increased with providing solutions in the developmental plans of the country. The research also showed that if the mass media pay attention to the development of environmental issues, this will raise public awareness and raise concerns among people. Function of Social Networks in Education: Case of Georgia" that: Technology has a significant role in today's educational process, especially online Social Networks which facilitate communication between professors and students. This current study seeks to analyze the role of Facebook closed groups that are created specifically for educational purposes, as well as the impact they have on developing competency-based education (communication skills in particular) and to answer questions such as: what are the educational benefits of teaching methods adapted for digital audiences and how a digital audience develops in terms of competency-based education. The study was conducted in Georgia, which is a Post-Soviet Republic undergoing rapid democratic development while having the best indicators in terms of the South Caucasus Media Sustainability Index (IREX, 2016). According to a Freedom House country report (Cecire, 2016), the country's scope of democracy is 4.61 (with a transitional government and hybrid regime). Journalism and mass communication teaching courses at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University were focus points for our research observation. The study has confirmed that by using new technologies with physical and cyber audiences (by implementing online social networking tools) it is possible to develop various competencies and to successfully achieve learning goals. Utilizing new technologies in the teaching


Times New Roman 12 pt, bold, single-line spacing, left-aligned text) In this study a fluid-structure interaction approach is proposed for the simulation of mould filling using the Light-RTM technique. Light-RTM is an economical production method which utilizes moulds with one rigid and one semi-rigid part. The semi-rigid part deforms during the mould filling process as a result of the force balance between the atmospheric pressure outside the mould and the resin pressure inside the mould. The deformation of the flexible cover, which depends on resin pressure and mould's shape, affects the resin flow front during mould filling and the dimensional accuracy of the final part. Coupling between the mechanical deformation of the flexible cover and the resin flow inside the mould cavity is achieved by implementing an indirect fluid-structure interaction approach using ANSYS software. Based on this model, a general methodology is developed to simulate numerically the resin flow during the mould filling process. A number of case studies have been simulated using the proposed methodology.


Abstract The essay responds to the feminist quest for a gender-inclusive Christology by arguing that feminist notions in Christian portraits of Jesus have not been utilised in feminist alternatives to traditional christology. The reality of the incarnation and Mary's role in it cannot be left out of solutions. If christology is about the role of the Christ in salvation, then the cross has to be viewed critically as it cannot be the ultimate determinant of the success of the Christ. A participatory christological model is therefore proposed.


This paper is presented as a quality-insight column designed to spark new research interest in computational views of how rapidly a learning curve declines during a period of prolonged interruption. Specifically, the paper considers the case of the worldwide COVID-19 lockdown that afflicted business, industry, academia, and government. As a result of being barred from practicing their respective functions, workers are prevented from the normal positive effects of being on a learning curve. Instead of performance improvement due to learning curves, there is performance degradation due to the lockdown. Although not enough live data is available yet for a direct modelling, the paper presents a postulated analytical framework that researchers can use later on for empirical modelling of the adverse impacts of the lockdown on learning curves. A decline in learning can translate to a decline in quality of work and quality of products. Mathematical methods suggested in the paper include exponential decay, hyperbolic decline, and half-life learning curves.


Co-phase traction power supply system provides the insights for solving the existing power quality and electrical sectioning issues in high-speed railways, and the flexible control of co-phase traction substation (CTSS) with the integration of photovoltaic (PV) and hybrid energy storage system (HESS) attracts widespread attention. However, the strong volatilities and uncertainties of PV and traction load introduce challenges to the reliable and economic operation of CTSS. In this study, the energy management of CTSS aims at minimizing the operating cost of CTSS by coordinating PV, HESS, power flow controller (PFC) and the energy transactions with the power grid, where the three-phase voltage unbalance constraint is taken into account in particular. Furthermore, to handle the uncertainties of PV and traction load, a two-stage robust optimization model is proposed. The first stage determines the operating status of HESS and energy transaction status with grid, and the second stage aims at finding the optimal scheduling power of CTSS and the worst-case scenario with maximized operating cost of CTSS. A column-and-constraint generation algorithm is employed to solve this robust optimization model, along with efficient linearization approaches for the formulation of mixed-integer linear programming. The proposed methodology is tested with a real high-speed railway line case in China.


Military interventions remain a significant feature in the politics of the developing world. This is particularly the case in many countries of South Asia where domestic military actions have interrupted the political and democratic process. In the political discourse, democracy means "rule of the people (demos)". This doctrine requires a country to have a fully developed political, economic and social system in which the state is represented by an incumbent government that enjoys its sovereignty through the will of people. Through the long history of political development, "democracy" has connotations frequently been coupled with terms like "commonwealth" and "social contract". Today, despite the fact that most countries declare themselves to be democracies, in practice they only pay it lip service. The real spirit of democracy, called by Rousseau "the general will", is not being realized, especially in the underdeveloped countries. There is a universal concern today about the status of democracy. On the one hand, all the world forums created in the West, including the United Nations, are urging the developing countries to adopt democratic systems. Yet on the other hand, it has become difficult for the developing world to apply democracy in letter and spirit. To think of a proper and sustainable democratic ∗ Acting Chairperson/ Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad. 116 Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Vol.XXXIV, No.I, 2013 society will remain a dream for the people of Pakistan, unless it is supported by socio-economic structure as its base. One can learn from its development in Europe, but in Pakistan there is a great disconnect between the two. So although the country has gone through its constitutional development and adopted a constitution, its weak political structure and low level of economic development allow the military to intervene in Pakistan's politics intermittently.


Abstract In order to investigate the electro-optical characteristics of the current polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film, zinc acrylate nanoparticles (NPs) were doped into the PDLC prepared samples. Generally for the fabrication of NPs–based PDLC film, two conventional methods such as the sandwich method and capillary methods are considered. In the conventional fabrication method of Np-doped PDLCs, the homogenous distribution of nanoparticles remained an unresolved issue. Particularly, upon the fabrication of Np-doped PDLC films, it is important to emphasis that nanoparticles are uniformly distributed inside the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. For the purpose, here in this work, a new PDLC manufacturing method has been proposed to improve such shortcoming. Unlike the conventional method, the NPs acrylate layer was first coated on the ITO glass, which maintained evenly distributed NPs and then was placed onto the polymer/LC crystal mixture. By adopting the current PDLC fabricated method (with 1.0 wt% ZnA layer coating into PDLC film) the transmittance remained 93.9% and a good contrast ratio (CR) ∼ 7.0 was observed at a low driving voltage (∼ 20 V). Moreover the morphology study of current PDLCs showed a uniform size distribution of droplet morphology as well as a homogeneous distribution of NPs. Thus our investigations indicated that PDLC films prepared by this new technique achieved the goal of uniform distribution of NPs particles, homogeneous distribution of droplet morphology with the improved electro-optical characteristics. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The United States has witnessed an alarming rise in overweight and obesity within the past twenty years. It is currently estimated that two-thirds of the population is now overweight with one-third being obese. In conjunction with obesity, the United States has also seen an increase in depression in recent years which is defined as feelings of intense sadness, which include feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and worthlessness that can last from many days to many weeks keeping an individual from functioning normally. One major contributing factor to both of these issues may be a lack of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to compare fitness and adiposity scores in individuals who were classified as depressed, or non-depressed. The data for this study was drawn from an Illinois State University archive data using past Kinesiology and Recreation Personal Fitness (KNR 113) students (n=141). Subjects were assessed for depression via the Beck Depression survey, obesity via body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), and waist to hip ratio (W/H). Cardiovascular fitness was assessed utilizing a one mile walk test which was converted into a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Muscular strength and endurance was assessed by maximal push-up and sit-up tests. Results showed no differences in sex between low depression (LD) and moderate depression (MD) groups. Significant differences between low depression and moderate depression groups were found in BMI (LD = 23.75) (MD = 25.42) and BF% (LD = 22.23%) (MD = 26.05%. No significant differences were found in muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular fitness, or W/H between low depression and moderate depression groups. It is concluded that BMI and BF% is associated with higher depression scores in both men and women, yet there is no association between depression status and physical activity scores.


Discussion of the results of several experimental investigations on laser-induced gas breakdown. The experiments included time-resolved spectroscopy, direct detection of H atoms with a TiO2 probe, and chemical reactions; each of them provided insight into the behavior of the medium at different times. Chemical reactions and explosions have been initiated by the laser beam when a plasma was created. No primary multiphotonic absorption and no macroscopic chemical reactions were observed below the breakdown threshold.


The paper presents the results of investigation of structural inhomogeneities on the stress-strain state of carbon steel wire, and the probability of a break in the drawing process. Performed finite-element simulation program Simulia Abaqus process drawing of steel wire with a different distribution of non-metallic inclusions in the cross section of the workpiece. The results of investigation of the microstructure of rod after hot rolling and determined the type of non-metallic inclusions. The investigations allow on the basis of computer modeling to determine the type of failure depending on the distribution of non-metallic inclusions on the cross section of the workpiece and to establish the most favorable location of inclusions, avoiding production losses caused by the breakage of the wire.


The electrolyzed water,60% ethanol and distilled water were used to extract the bioactive com-ponents from Inonotus Obliquus(wild and cultured).Polysaccharide and polyphenol components of the extract were analyzed and the inhibitory rate on advanced glycation end products(AGEs) and angiotension-I-con-verting enzyme(ACE) was evaluated.At last,the potention of the use in food was also analyzed.The result shows that the extract rate was significantly higher by electrolyzed water than 60% ethanol and distilled water(p0.05).The extract from the wild Inonotus Obliquus shows higher AGEs inhibitory activities,among which the extract of distilled water had the maximum inhibitory activity(IC50 values: 2.07 μg/mL).However,the extract from the cultured Inonotus Obliquus possessed higher ACE inhibitory activities against that of wild Inonotus Obliquus.It implied that polyphenols may be the active substances for inhibition of AGEs and ACE.The electrolyzed water can be the extract reagent for large extraction from Inonotus obliquus,and Inonotus obliquus(wild and cultured) could be used in food for functionalities.