This paper discusses the politeness strategies of speech acts in refusal used in Makassarese language. The method used in this paper is qualitative descriptive by listening techniques, interviewingg, notingg, recording, and involving in conversation. These results indicate that there are several strategies used by people to refuse e.g. refusing preceded by saying sorry, refusing preceded by saying thank you, refusing preceded by giving a proposal, refusing implicitly, refusing by giving terms or conditions, and refusing by relying on the third party. In addition, there are also some other vague strategies often used by people in Makassar by giving polite refusal, for example: sinampekpi nicinikki 'will be seen later', kutadeng 'may be', which show hesitation to accept something. However, this does not mean that speakers of Makassarese language cannot provide direct and unequivocal refusal. Direct and unequivocal rejections usually occur when facing difficult circumstances.


Odonata are considered to be good indicators of enviromental health and water quality with it's presence and diversity in the Jakabaring lake are (Water Ski and OPI). The research location (Water Ski and OPI) untilized by the community as water catchment areas (flood control), recreation and habitat. The Activity in the lake area can affect the benefit of the lake, affecting the quality of the lake waters as a living habitat for animals and plants.However, to describe the diversity of odonata as indicator of the waters in the area of Water Ski and Lake OPI lakes, there is no such thing, therefore the researchers to look at odonata diversity in the area of Water Ski Lake and Lake OPI Jakabaring Palembang-South Sumatera. The location of the study was determined using the purposive sampling method conducted in April 2018. The species found to identified at the FMIPA Animal Taxonomy Laboratory of Sriwijaya University. Sampling in the morning (07.00 – 10.00 AM) and afternoon (15.00 – 18.00 AM). The results of research in the lake area found 2 suborder, 2 families, 11 genere, and 18 species, the total number of all 984 individual species. Odonata species data obtained in the analysis using Past3 software. The diversity index in the Water Ski lake is 1.992 and the diversity index in the OPI lake is 1.758. Diversity index value (2.014), dominance index (0.7922) and evenness index (0.4165). Odonata and enviromental conditions of the lake (Water Ski and OPI) still have relationship, the condition of lake water quality is still below water quality criteria threshold. This is what makes the diversity on both lakes has a moderate value.


Midsystolic clicks (MSC), or nonejection systolic clicks, were discovered in 15 patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). The diagnosis of ASHD was established by the presence of angina or the history of a documented myocardial infarction (MI) or both. The MSCs were recorded in 13 patients. A late systolic murmur was introduced by the MSC in four patients, and one patient had a soft holosystolic murmur. The mitral origin of the MSCs and murmurs was established by noting their change in timing and intensity following administration of vasoactive drugs. One patient underwent cardiac catheterization, and evidence of an old MI and papillary muscle dysfunction (PMD) was demonstrated. We think that the PMD that occurs secondary to ischemic fibrosis in ASHD permits slack chordae tendineae suddenly to become taut in midsystole and produce a snap. Although the mechanism for the production of chordal snaps has been previously postulated, ASHD has only recently been found responsible for producing these s...


The First Knowledge Economy: Human Capital and the European Economy, 1750-1850, by Margaret C. Jacob. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014. ix, 257 pp. $108.95 Cdn (cloth), $39.95 Cdn (paper). Margaret C. Jacob provides a coherent account of reasons behind the industrialization of four Western European countries with expert clarity, brevity, and instructiveness. Jacob argues that Britain was a pioneer in the Industrial Revolution because for the first time in history a productive combination of knowledge translation, human capital, and cultural ethos worked. The author rightly maintains that the deployment of knowledge wielded by "semi-literate tinkerers," (2) self-educated industrial innovators, and gentlemen-scientists was critical for the establishment in Great Britain of the first knowledge economy. In Jacob's words, "Both the lofty and the mundane lay at the heart of early industrial processes" (126). This line of reasoning was partly inspired by Musson and Robinson's Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution (Toronto, 1969), which suggested that the eighteenth-century Industrial Revolution in Britain was a result of both uneducated empiricism and the intellectual movement characteristic of the Enlightenment with its scientific spirit percolating top-down and its empirical knowledge diffusing bottom-up. Jacob significantly extends Musson and Robinson's considerations on the development of steam engines in Birmingham (from Savery and Newcomen to Boulton and Watt) and the technical processes of bleaching and dyeing of fabrics, manufacturing linen and wool in Leeds, and industrial-scope cotton making in Manchester. Determinedly brushing aside economic arguments in favour of the social and material basis for the Industrial Revolution, Jacob insists on the crucial role of human capital in triggering rapid industrialization in Britain. However, the outright dismissal of the argument about the role of abundance of easily extractable coal in Britain somewhat diminishes the weight of Jacob's argument. The above-mentioned Musson and Robinson discuss the approximate number of steam engines that helped to propel the Industrial Revolution, particularly in proportion to water power (71-72). Consider as well that the availability of easily accessible coal deposits, as German historian Rolf P. Sieferle argues in The Subterranean Forest: Energy Systems and the Industrial Revolution (Munchen, 1982, transl. Cambridge, 2001), enabled people to turn increasingly to manufacture-oriented activities: by substituting wood for coal in burning, thus saving wood for construction, and increasing the efficiency of smelting. Moreover, the shift in land-use structure occurred because woodland was converted into pasture for sheep on which manufacturing of wool-cloth depended. Therefore, Jacob's argument suffers from the underestimation of socio-economic factors and the exaggeration of "the growing pool of mechanically knowledgeable entrepreneurs and civil engineers" (55) at the end of eighteenth century. …


Diamond‐Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital anemia characterized by a low reticulocyte count, the absence or severe reduction of hemoglobin‐containing cells in the bone marrow, and normal megakaryocytic and granulocytic differentiation. Although the anemia may initially respond to corticosteroid therapy, many patients require lifelong red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, leading to infectious complications and iron overload. Metoclopramide has recently been used to treat DBA. Treatment with metoclopramide induces the release of prolactin from the pituitary and stimulates erythropoiesis. For these reasons, we used metoclopramide to treat a 20‐year‐old man with DBA refractory to low and high doses of corticosteroids, cyclosporin A, and tacrolimus (FK506). The hemoglobin and hematocrit slowly increased, and he has remained asymptomatic and transfusion‐independent for 8 months. Metoclopramide therapy should be considered in patients with refractory DBA before treatment‐related complications develop. Am. J. Hematol. 78:295–298, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


For more than 50 years, like most other countries Australian drug policy relied heavily on law enforcement: politicians emphasised criminal justice measures and the overwhelming majority of governm...


In this research we have investigated relationship between arsenate and phosphate uptake and its distribution in root, shoot, and seed of wheat varieties. Three wheat varieties were selected and grown in 7 Kg pots under controlled conditions among which, Sardari variety were collected from Iranian arsenic contaminated area and tested along with two other varieties Parsi and Pishtaz. The aim was to select a variety with low arsenate uptake ability with the aim of improving food safety and human health. Arsenic was applied with following concentrations of 0, 5, 25, 125 and 625 mg l −1 in the presence or absence of P. With increasing As concentration in irrigation water, As levels of roots, shoots and seeds increased. Also, measurements indicated that As uptake rates decreased in the presence of P. Also, at 125 and 625 mg l −1 As concentration levels, the measured As concentrations of seed and shoot exceeded the tolerance limit, regardless of P presence. Among wheat varieties, Sardari (of contaminated area) had significantly less uptake of As compared with two other varieties. Besides, P concentrations in all wheat varieties followed the following order: seed > root > shoot.


This document discusses an investigation describing attitudes about school for a national sample of academically talented seventh graders. In particular, it considered how much students liked selected school subjects and how much they thought they would like particular college majors. The purpose of the study was to compare the attitudes of males and females of this group due to the noted shortage of women in mathematics and science related fields of study and work. The primary objective of this investigation was to compare the school-related attitudes of academically talented male and female seventh graders. A sample of 1,272 applicants to the Duke University Talent Identification Program Talent Search served as subjects for this study. Subjects rated school subjects and college majors in terms of how much they would like or dislike each and indicated subject preferences according to a forced choice scheme. Girls and boys both rated mathematics and science among their three favorite school subjects, although boys rated mathematics and the sciences higher than girls, and girls rated the arts and languages higher than boys. This pattern of results is echoed in ratings of college majors. A 17-item bibliography is included. Five table. illustrate: (1) mean ratings of school subjects as a function of sex; (2) rank order of school subjects according to rating of school subjects as a function .i_ sex; (3) percentages of boys and girls preferring school subjects in rows over school subjects in columns; (4) mean liking of college majors as a function of sex; and (5) ranking of college majors as a function of sex. (Author/DK) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. ***********************************************************************


The influence of rare earth cerium on the microstructure and corrosion-resistance of hot-dipped aluminum in water condition containing CO_2 and H_2S was studied. The results show that the rich aluminum layer in the hot-dipped aluminum becomes much thicker with the increase of the content of rare earth. In corrosive medium of CO_2,the corrosion resistance is enhanced when rare earth is added from 0% to 1.0%,the hot-dipped aluminum with 1.0% rare earth possesses the best corrosion resistance and it is 2 times as much as that of without rare earth. The result of corrosion of H_2S is resemble to that of CO_2,the hot-dipped aluminum with 1.0% rare earth possesses the best corrosion-resistance and it is 3 times as much as that of without rare earth.


Hegel thought that reason is justice.the reality of justice is the self-realization of the reason of justice.The reality of justice exists in the inevitability of justice.The developmental process of justice is by no means idyllic Fiat' s.The people are just the tool for self-realization of reason and justice.Hegel can not see the main role of people in the realization of justice.


Nitrification inhibitor and straw incorporation are widely used to improve crop nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural soil, but their effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission across different soil types and the microbial mechanisms remain less understood. In this study, we used controlled experiment and DNA-based molecular analysis to study how nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD) and straw incorporation affect soil nitrogen balance, N2O emission and microbial nitrifiers/denitrifers in three distinct agricultural soils (the black, fluvo-aquic and red soils) across China. Both DCD and straw incorporation improved nitrogen balance by increasing NH4+ and decreasing NO3- in all soils. DCD tended to decrease N2O emission from all soils especially the fluvo-aquic one, while straw incorporation reduced N2O emission only in the fluvo-aquic soil but increased N2O emission in the other two especially the red soil (by ∼600%). T-RFLP analysis revealed that the denitriers community structure are distinct among the three soils but was not strongly affected by DCD or straw incorporation. qPCR analysis revealed that DCD or straw incorporation had no significant effect on nitrifier abundance but increased nitrous oxide reductase nosZ gene abundance in the black/fluvo-aquic soil rather than the red soil. Structural equational modelling further confirmed that, when accounting for treatments and soil properties, nosZ gene abundance is the only biological factor significantly determined N2O emission in different soil types. Taken together, our work advanced the knowledge on the agricultural practices and N2O emission in cropland soils, suggesting that straw incorporation may not be a good choice for the red and black soil areas; management practices should be used as per soil type to balance between nitrogen use efficiency and N2O emission.


The Earth Observing -1 (EO -1) spacecraft was developed as part of the NASA New Millennium Program (NMP) . In December 2001, NASA Headquarters approved the EO -1 program to begin an Extended Mission operations phase . The Extended Mission seeks to maximize the infusion of EO -1 technology through increased utilization of the sate llite and reduce the cost of operations through a Continuous Improvement Program (CIP) . A key objective of the CIP is to reduce operations costs by increasing automation use . The three person EO -1 Flight Operations Team (FOT) is responsible for four main tasks: flight dynamics processing, mission planning, real -time engineering, and engineering analysis . Both automation a nd meta -automation —using an additional layer of automation to control separate automated processes —are utilized by the FOT . Techniques and strategies for implementing automation are discussed . Criteria are presented to judge the appropriateness of a proced ure for automation . They are grouped into categories: ease of implementation, return on investment, and degree of feedback . Factors that affect the design of an automation scheme include: available operating systems, strengths of commercial and in house to ols, tool familiarity, desired error checking structure, and desired nature of operator feedback . Unit testing, acceptance testing, parallel operations, documentation, training, and configuration management are necessary to implement automation in flight o perations . Automation lowers labor costs, but also benefits an FOT by standardizing procedures . However, negative consequences can occur as a result of implementation, including loss of knowledge, operators trusting process over output, inappropriate use o f automated procedures, and increased system administration issues . The automation implemented by the EO -1 FOT is also discussed . For flight dynamics processing, the orbit determination and prediction procedure has been automated piecewise . Manually, this procedure required approximately three hours; automated, the procedure lasts 30 minutes, during which the user can intermittently leave the workstation to perform other tasks . Automation has been applied to the command load generation procedure, where appr opriate . Most importantly, the real -time support procedure has been fully automated and can receive, process, deliver, and confirm commands without human input . The system also monitors telemetry and sends notifications to the FOT, signaling nominal or ano malous operations . While conducting engineering analysis, the FOT performs operations requiring extensive human judgment and custom processes, including analyzing telemetry, designing spacecraft maneuvers, and designing new command sequences . The time savi ngs obtained through automation allows the FOT time to perform these more dynamic tasks . Throughout the course of implementing automation, the EO -1 FOT has learned lessons useful to other flight operation teams . These include the importance of each of the following: 1) configuration management; 2) redundancy in FOT being capable of repairing automation; 3) tool familiarity; 4) adequacy of new employee training; 5) occasionally conducting manual processes; 6) extensive documentation; 7) combining tools of in creasing complexity; 8) the ability to automate GUI input; 9) continuing process improvement throughout the mission; and 10) not viewing automation purely as a labor -saving device.


This paper proposes a new type of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) applying a three winding transformer. In general, MMC requires a buffer reactor in each arm, which increases number of components and converter footprint. The proposed MMC with three winding transformer does not require the buffer reactors. We describe mathematical properties of the proposed MMC. We also confirmed it operated as same as typical MMC (with reactor topology) by experimentation using a prototype 10kVA converters.


Rail ultrasonic flaw detection is an important method for railway operation and maintenance. The accuracy of damage detection directly affects the safety of railway transportation systems. Rail damage detection, identification and classification are the key to ultrasonic flaw detection systems. At present, most of the researches focus on the local damage of rails, such as rail head nuclear damage, rail waist cracks, or through holes at the bottom of the rail. The classification and identification of typical damages of the entire rail have not been systematically studied. In this paper six features are extracted by principal component analysis(PCA), they are the ratio of the energy of the signal processed by wavelet decomposition, the area surrounded by the 100-150 sampling points and the horizontal axis, the maximum amplitude and its position of the 100-150 sampling points, and the maximum amplitude in the 240-300 sampling points, and the position in the 300-400 sampling points, which are used to present the characteristics of the rail damage. Least square support vector machine (LSSVM) is introduced to create the classification analysis models, the eigenvalues extracted by PCA are the input of the models and any rail damage is the expectation output. In order to improve the accuracy of the classification models, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to optimize the parameters of the model, seven classification analysis models of the rail damage are built. Experiments results show that the typical damage in the standard test rail can be accurately identified and classified, the classification recognition accuracy is about 92%. This method can recognize the typical rail damage in the national standard. It has definite practical application value in the field of rail inspection.


The utility model discloses a longitudinal hole fine boring machine tool, which comprises a tool body, wherein two ends of the upper part of the tool body are provided with opposite transmission cases; each transmission case is horizontally connected with a plurality of cutter bars at intervals; the tool body between the two transmission cases is provided with a workbench capable of sliding towards the transmission cases; two ends on the workbench are provided with boring walls used for guiding the cutter bars to bore holes in two ends of a processed workpiece. Through the combined action of the cutter bars, a plurality of holes longitudinally arranged in the same end surface can be processed and finished in one time. Meanwhile, through the movement of the workbench and the cooperation of the cutter bars, the processing of a plurality of holes in two opposite end surfaces of the workpiece can be finished in two times, a movement error caused by the fact that a single cutter bar carries out processing according to coordinate trajectory movement and a rotary error caused when the workbench rotates to the other end surface can be avoided. Since the workbench only carries out horizontal movement, meanwhile, the positions of the cutter bars are preset, so that the position coordinates of all holes in the same end surface can be enabled to be accurate, and the coaxiality of the holes in the two opposite end surfaces can be guaranteed.


In this work, the effect of carbon nanofiber (CNF) on thermal properties, and friction and wear behavior of CNF/PMMA composites were examined. While thermal properties of the composites were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, thermograyimetric analyzer, and dynamic mechanical analyzer friction and wear behaviors were examined using a friction and wear tester. The glass transition temperature (Tg), integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT), storage modulus (E'), and tan appeared at higher temperatures with increasing CNF content, which were probably attributed to the presence of strong interactions between the carbonaceous fillers and the PMMA resins matrix. The wear loss in the composites decreased at 0.1 wt% CNF and then increased with 5-10 wt% CNF content. This was due to the existence of large aspect ratio CNF in PMMA which led to an alignment of PMMA chains and an increase of mechanical interlocking, resulting in the formation of crosslinked structures between CNF and PMMA in the composite.


Corporate websites are one of the most effective tools for the organization to communicate with its target audience. In addition to being effective communication tools, corporate websites also support corporate communications and help the formation of corporate identity. Corporate identity is a completely planned process in which the character of the corporation is expressed. Determining the extent of the usage of these tools and applications in the websites of corporates is important in terms of presenting the current situation and making predictions for the future. Universities use web sites to communicate effectively, efficiently and quickly with their internal and external stakeholders and hence make use of websites as promotional tools. In this study, the websites of the universities ranked top ten according to URAP 2020- 2021 (University Ranking by Academic Performance) have been analyzed with content analysis method in the context of cultural identity dimensions. Study results have shown that, applications about corporate communications and its tools and the visual elements of corporate identity take place in all of the corporate websites; the websites are tried to be made interesting, especially with animated images; the elements about corporate culture take place in faculty home pages; the elements about corporate behavior is featured with the purpose of information after alteration or activity; the senior management staff are featured more on the component of corporate structure and the industry identity components of universities have similar programs hence it can be said that they gain industry identity. For future studies, conducting a comparative analysis on private and public universities and a comparative analysis on the context of different themes of the websites of the universities in our country and the universities operating abroad can be presented as suggestions.


Extended wavelength tuning of diode lasers enable the extension of scanned wavelength absorption techniques to transient, high pressure, hostile environments. Examples using frequency agile VCSELs and new wavelength tuning strategies are presented.


The article describes the formation of textile, agricultural, credit and craft cooperatives in the conditions of Soviet construction, opinions on cooperatives of small producers and the functioning of the system. Also provides information on the activities of the ooperative


We perceive our environment through multisensory channels – it is an interplay of the eyes, ears, nose, as well as of our sensing of balance, temperature, pressure, taste, and others. Only in their superimposition do they form the object of perception. When designing three-dimensional objects and scenes, however, a clear primacy of the visual applies. At this stage of architectural design, other senses are usually not debated because the complexity would in many cases overwhelm all those involved - including the architects. However, an architect striving for an holistic approach to architecture, in which acoustical and olfactory factors play an essential role in the sensoryaesthetic expression, must have command over a pronounced ability to anticipate mental-spatial dimensions beyond those visible. Moreover, implementations thereof require a significantly higher amount of planning, communication and, ultimately, additional expenses. Multisensory design therefore usually remains an unattainable ideal.


The adsorption behavior and mechanism of Ni2+ on sepiolite were studied by static experiment method in this work,and the effects of water chemistry conditions including balance time,pH,ionic strength,humic acid,anions and cations of background electrolyte on adsorption were investigated.The results showed that the adsorption of Ni2+ on sepiolite came to the balance in short time,and this adsorption was strongly affected by pH and ionic strength of reaction medium according to the following patterns: Ni2+ ions were adsorbed on sepiolite by outer complexation and ion exchange in acidic mediums;while,under alkaline conditions,the adsorption mechanism was changed into inner complexation.The anions and cations of background electrolyte showed positive or negative effects on the adsorption of Ni2+ on sepiolite.Under the condition of low pH,the adsorption of humic acid on sepiolite could produce the surface complex,which would enhance the adsorption of Ni2+ on sepiolite;in the medium at high pH,the humic acid was adsorbed in the system,and the adsorption amount of Ni2+ was much lower than the system of Ni2+/sepiolite.This result will provide beneficial reference for hazard assessment and effective management of heavy metal ions and radionuclide in the environment.


The goal of our research was to enhance local search heuristics used to construct Latin Hypercube Designs. First, we introduce the 1D-move perturbation to improve the space exploration performed by these algorithms. Second, we propose a new evaluation function φp,σ specifically targeting the Maximin criterion. Series of experiments with Simulated Annealing confirm that our goal was reached as the result we obtained surpasses the best scores reported in the literature. Furthermore, the φp,σ function seems very promising for a wide spectrum of optimization problems with the Maximin criterion.


Introduction: Hydrocephalus is the accumulation of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain. The extra fluids cause the ventricles to expand, putting pressure on the brain. The brain and spinal column are bathed in cerebrospinal fluid, which usually flows into the ventricles. Excessive cerebrospinal fluid pressure caused by hydrocephalus, on the other hand, can harm brain tissues and result in a variety of cognitive impairments.
Case Presentation: Here we have selected a case of hydrocephalus. In this case, when the complete history has been taken it found that patient having a history of NICU admission for prematurity and Low Birth Weight for 40 days. During history collection, it found that the child was all right until 4 months of age after which she started to notice that the child's head circumference was increasing at an abnormal rate and has now been brought to AVBRH for further management. After all investigation in MRI brain reveals extensive dilatation of ventricular system including bilateral lateral ventricle and III and IV ventricles associated with wide-open foramen of Luschka and Magendie with thinning of the adjacent cerebral cortex and cerebellar parenchyma. Features suggestive of communicating hydrocephalus. In the EEG record, the background record  shows rhythmic synchronous > 13 Hz beta activity in the bilateral hemisphere. Abnormal EEG record. Then, the doctor planned for the Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy with general anesthesia.
Conclusion: In this study, we mainly focus on expert surgical management and excellent nursing care which leads to fast recovery of the patient. After a conversation with the patient, her response was positive and after nursing management and treatment, she was discharged without any postoperative complications and satisfaction of recovery.


changes in the elbow dysplastic joints. CT and arthroscopy were both highly sensitive to subtle and severe changes occurring in the elbow joint over the times examined. Further studies evaluating the effect of multiple arthroscopic examinations itself on joints as well as age that CT will be sensitive to the earliest changes in the elbow joint need to be investigated. Hopefully, these studies will help evaluate early surgical interventions and help to eliminate elbow dysplasia in breeding dogs.


This paper explores a contingent sub-public sphere promoted by a group of former critical journalists in China during the coronavirus outbreak at the beginning of 2020. During the initial outbreak of coronavirus in China, the observed former journalists, who left the field of critical journalism during the re-structure of Chinese news industries under Xi Jinping's leadership, drew on their knowledge of Chinese politics and censorship to contest information cover-up by the state, online censorship, and the state's discourses of China as a successful model of combating the virus. Their activities effectively engaged mass participation of Chinese people and promoted critical opinions of the public. The paper bears the primary aim to deepen the understanding of the episodic formation of elite-driven public spheres in China by investigating the nuances of each case. I therefore, in this particular case study, explore concepts of habitus and capital from Bourdieu's field theory as analytical tools in the investigation of the persistence of political participation and government scrutiny by former critical journalists on social media after leaving the field of critical journalism. The empirical research combines materials collected through 15 former critical journalists' WeChat accounts between January and May 2020, along with in-depth interviews.


Background and Aims: Evidence for a relationship between trihalomethane (THM) exposure and adverse fetal growth outcomes remains inconsistent, even with the incorporation of individual water use in...


The experiments indicated that silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) could greatly enhance the chemiluminescence intensity of the luminol-K3Fe(CN)6 system in sodium hydroxide medium,but paracetamol could inhibit the chemiluminescence signals significantly.On the basis of the inhibition,a novel flow-injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of paracetamol was proposed.The experimental conditions that influence the chemiluminescence intensity were carefully studied and optimized.Under the optimum conditions,the calibration graph for paracetamol was obtained.The linear range for the determination of paracetamol was from 9×10-12 to 1.0×10-10g/mL(0.9947) and 1.0×10-10 to 7.0×10-9 g/mL(0.9904) with a detection limit of 7.9×10-12 g/mL.The relative standard deviations for 11 repeated measurements of 5.0×10-11 g/mL and 5.0×10-10g/mL paracetamol were 1.3% and 1.3%,respectively.Possible interferences from major excipients in pharmaceuticals and other related compounds were also studied.Contents of paracetamol in two locally available pharmaceuticals were analyzed.The method has the merits of rapidness,simplicity,high sensitivity,wide linear range and has been used for the analysis of paracetamol in commercial tablets with recoveries in the range from 97.0% to 101.5%.


The invention relates to a method for operating a a telephone function having a function unit (12), wherein the functional unit (12) a user (10) of the functional unit (12) by means of the activated telephone function provides a possibility of the function unit (12) and a establish telephone network a telephone connection with at least one further functional unit, and in which the telephone function is activated when using a gesture detecting means (14) of the functional unit (12) at least one predetermined gesture of the user (10) is detected, wherein as the predetermined gesture detected in such a is, wherein the user (10) at least two fingers (22, 24) resiliently braces his hand (20) and one (22) of the splayed fingers (22, 24) to an ear (30) of the user (10) and the other (24) of the splayed fingers (22, 24) to the mouth (32) of the user (10) leads, and such a functional unit (12).


User interface having slider controls for weighted parameters in searching or decision making processes. Slider controls may correspond to certain search parameters, which may be given more or less weight in searching depending on the user's adjustments to the position of the slider controls. A sliding display element may also include a display icon that changes with respect to the position of a slider control, in real-time. Search results may also be updated in real-time based on user input.


Background and Aim:  Entecavir has demonstrated clinical efficacy for chronic hepatitis B. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of entecavir in nucleoside‐naive Japanese chronic hepatitis B patients.


doi: 10.7185/geochemlet.2038 We present a novel application of Raman microtomography for quantitative characterisation of glass inclusion-hosted bubbles, which allows for the simultaneous identification and volumetric quantification of mineral and fluid phases filling the bubble. The combination of Raman microtomography with synchrotron XRF mapping and scanning electron microscopy provides a complete compositional and textural characterisation of the bubble. In the studied samples, minerals are systematically present on thewalls of the bubbles: dominantly carbonates in samples from continental intraplate and hotspot volcanic provinces, and sulfates in the sample from subductionrelated settings. Along with fluid CO2, carbonates sequester 65 to 84 % of the CO2 originally dissolved in the melt, while 18 to 60 % of the sulfur contained in the inclusion is stored in sulfides and/or sulfates. Thus, the total melt inclusion CO2 and S contents can be underestimated (by up to∼ 40 % and 60 %, respectively) if minerals in the bubbles are neglected. This study highlights the importance of 3Dmapping of shrinkage bubbles hosted in glass inclusions for a better assessment of the bulk pre-eruptive contents of volatiles in magmas. Received 11 July 2020 | Accepted 21 October 2020 | Published 15 December 2020


Two-dimensional spectral-spatial electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging was used to measure the spatial distribution of p-phenylenediamine radicals that were generated electrochemically in the EPR cavity. The multi-line EPR spectrum obtained from a spectral slice through the image was in good agreement with the non-gradient spectrum. A spatial slice showed that the radicals were localized in the vicinity of the working electrode.


We read with great interest the recent case report by Emre et al. about auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) in a young patient with Abernethy malformation and hepatopulmonary syndrome. Because Abernethy malformation is a very rare condition, experience with liver transplantation is limited. Only 11 cases have been reported in the literature so far, including this one and two of our own patients reported recently. Indications for transplant may include biliary atresia, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver tumors. The concept of APOLT was introduced by the senior author's group in 1991 to temporarily bridge well-selected patients with potentially reversible acute hepatic failure. Obviously, this technique has been successfully applied in hepatically based metabolic diseases and other indications. As we have come a long way in 200 years from Abernethy to APOLT, we would like to briefly comment on Dr. Emre's interesting article. The predominant clinical feature of Abernethy malformation is a portosystemic shunt causing a broad spectrum of significant secondary manifestations, such as hyperammonia, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. In his original presentation on February 14, 1793, John Abernethy described a 10-month-old girl with multiple congenital malformations, including a complete end-to-side portocaval shunt, and no venous inflow to the liver. In recognition of the first accurate description of this condition, Howard and Davenport suggested that the congenital diversion of portal blood away from the liver, by either end-to-side or side-to-side shunt, should be known as Abernethy malformation. Morgan and Superina proposed a functional classification system for portosystemic vascular anomalies based on complete or partial hepatic diversion of portal blood (defined as types I and II). There seems to be a high variability regarding the exact anatomic connections between the portal and systemic venous systems (for example, extrahepatic or intrahepatic) and association with other abnormalities. In type Ia, the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein do not join to form a confluence; this is a syndrome also known as congenital absence of the portal vein (CAPV). In type Ib, a confluence of superior mesenteric and splenic veins is usually present but does not supply the liver. The denomination of this confluence as portal vein would probably be correct, especially because it contains portal venous blood (Fig. 1). As described by Emre et al., their patient had "a portosystemic shunt from the main portal vein to the inferior vena cava" and "no evidence of an intrahepatic portal venous system" or "extrahepatic portal venous inflow"; this clearly characterized Abernethy type Ib malformation but no CAPV. The authors further mentioned an anastomosis of the "left portal vein of the recipient to the left portal vein of the donor," which is actually a prerequisite for the technique of APOLT as suggested by our group: without adequate portal blood supply, the auxiliary liver would atrophy. By definition, in Abernethy type I, the liver is not perfused with portal blood because there is a complete shunt. Obviously, their patient had an anatomic variant of Abernethy type Ib, as we had observed before in one of our own two transplant recipients. Because of the complex embryologic development of the portal venous system, many variations of classic anomalies as described before are conceivable. However, only in type Ia is the portal vein absent, so it would be misleading to refer to CAPV in every case of Abernethy malformation. APOLT has been suggested by Soejima et al. as the ideal procedure for CAPV patients because portal vein diversion is not necessary, and it does seem technically feasible if the anatomy is appropriate. The question is whether APOLT really has an advantage over total hepatectomy combined with standard or partial liver transplantation in these patients. The observation of hepatic tumors or tumorlike lesions such as hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma, or nodular regenerative hyperplasia in patients with congenital or surgical portosystemic shunts is clearly significant and of concern. What the true underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and prognosis of these morphologic changes are remains unclear at this time. Interestingly, however, in 5 of the 11 transplant recipients reported, regenerative hyperplasia or neoplasms were found. We have seen a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome developing multiple de novo hepatic lesions consistent with focal nodular hyperplasia 33 months after side-to-side portocaval shunt. Long-term follow-up of the two patients with


Anthony Connerty, Manual of International Dispute Resolution, London, Commonwealth Secretariat, 2006, xxþ 367 pp. ISBN 13:978-8-0-85092-837-2. Concentrates on areas of inter-state disagreement, such as territorial and maritime boundaries, trading, commercial, investment and intellectual property disputes of particular interest to Commonwealth countries, and on the different courts and tribunals that handle these international disputes.


In this article, we summarize what we have found about the stochastic ranking process (move‐to‐front rule) and the sales ranks of online stores, as well as a system of Burgers‐like partial differential equations and least‐recently‐used caching, in order to give an overview of relations among various topics in different fields.


Content: State of the Art
The incidence of workplace incivility continues unabated. Predominately defensive, anti-litigious approaches and problematic methodologies have had limited effectiveness and drawn criticism (Holm et al., 2015). Disrespect continues through multilevel ambiguous, inconclusive or misunderstood interactions among stakeholders or organisational processes. Unintentional multilevel or multidimensional deviations from workplace norms may have either, positive or negative effects on productivity. Yet, almost without exception incivility is viewed negatively and conceptualised as the initiator or tipping point of counterproductive-workplace behaviours. This approach appears limited, lacking balance and underestimating the insidiousness of workplace (in)civility.

New Perspectives
The model posits low-level ambiguous deviations from workplace norms may have either, positive, negative, or combined multilevel effects. The model centres on meaning and unresolved (in)civilities that spiral into micro-level workplace behaviours. Meso-level workplace climate manifests from these micro-behaviours that, either, spiral down into counter-productive, or spiral up into productive practices. At the macro-level, either civil or uncivil workplace climates reinforce toxic or restorative organisational cultures.

Implications
The model provides researchers with an original integrated socio-ecological framework in which to plan future multilevel multidimensional research designs. Practitioners now have an improved model to use when developing organisation-wide interventions. Researcher's and practitioner's perspectives are broadened, and their understanding of sent or received (in)civilities among organisational stakeholders increased. The OSECM suggests multilevel multidimensional definitions and measures may be needed.

Originality
This expanded model enables value by potentially improving interventions, through reframing, balancing, and extending future (in)civility research.


Interleukin-31 is a cytokine responsible for inducing pruritus by binding to specific receptor in the nervous system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oclacitinib in pruritus control in dogs with pruritic dermatopathies. Twenty-two dogs, males and females that presented pruritus, were randomly selected for diagnosis of pruritic dermatopathies. Assessments were made through visual pruritus scale (VAS). The tutors assessed the degree of pruritus, scoring 0-10 before the drug, 4 hours after, 24 hours after and 4, 7, 14, 15, 21 and 28 days after starting treatment. The study achieved efficacy of 67% after 28 days. It is concluded that clactinib has shown to be effective and rapid, inhibited pruritus stimulation in all dermatopathies studied, thus it can be used in diseases with secondary or primary pruritus.


Sexual offenders have increasingly become the target of special criminal justice policies, including preventive incapacitation policies. These policies rely on assumptions that sexual offenders are an especially high-risk offender population and that within this population, it is possible to identify those individuals who present the highest risk. Recent sexual offender recidivism and risk prediction research indicates that: • average sexual recidivism rates are lower than is popularly assumed; • sexual offenders are a very heterogenous population, within which wide variations in recidivism patterns have been observed; and • current risk prediction methods are associated with high rates of falsepositive and false-negative predictions. We conclude that actuarial risk prediction scales may contribute important information to psychological and psychiatric risk assessments, but that their limitations need to be better understood and more openly communicated to the courts.


The article introduces the features and biodegradation principles of white rot fungi(WRF), and WRF is used to degrade organic wastewater. The results show that WRF is suitable for the biodegradation ability of non-biodegradative organic wastewater and it has wide application prospect.


There is no lack of social and political reasons in favor of public policies oriented toward helping people to become homeowners. In this study, we undertake a normative inquiry into the moral foundation, if any, behind those politically viable and beneficial publicly supported homeownership programs. What we want to examine is whether public support of homeownership is a question of justice or merely a matter of beneficence. In particular, we have reviewed three different portrayals of homeowners: homeowners as right-holders; homeowners as stakeholders; and homeowners as decent citizens. Our position is that it would do more harm than good to defend homeownership as a matter of basic rights; instead, homeownership can be justified by developing Bruce Ackerman's idea of stakeholding and the notion of asset-building as championed by Michael Sherraden. To conceive homeownership as what people deserve as stakeholders as well as a form of lifelong asset that people can rely on when encountering risks and contingencies provide sufficient ground to render public support of homeownership.


We present chemometric analysis of the retention of 35 simple model compounds in nonmicellar and micellar TLC systems. Nonmicellar systems were investigated on silica gel, RP18, and CN plates, by use of several modifiers in hexane or water as the mobile phase. Micellar systems were processed on silica and RP8 plates with three surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecylsulfate, and Triton-X100) dissolved in water above critical micellar concentration. The resultant dataset was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to explore hidden trends in retention. It was concluded that PCA is a valuable tool for factor analysis of retention, as it allows the chromatographer to see and interpret all trends which would be hidden in manual analysis of retention matrix. Retention on each adsorbent can be decomposed to maximally four main independent trends and each compound has be characterized by intensity of these trends, expressed as PCA scores.


Utilization ofinformation acquired froma sensor networktoimprove thetracking accuracy isoneofthemost important issues insensor network research. Anapproach that consists ofsensor-based filtering algorithms, local processors andglobal processor isemployed todescribe thedistributed fusion problem whenseveral sensors execute surveillance over thecertain area.Forsensortracking systems, eachfiltering algorithm utilized intheReference Cartesian Coordinate System(RCCS)ispresented fortargettracking whenthe radarmeasuresrange,bearing andelevation angleinthe Spherical Coordinate System (SCS). Forlocal processors, each track-to-track fusion algorithm isusedtomergetwotracks representing thesametarget. Thenumberof2-combinations of a setwithN distinct sensors isconsidered forcentral track fusion. Forglobal processor, a Bayesian methodwithSemi- Markov processisemployedto developtheModified Probabilistic NeuralNetwork(MPNN)algorithm tocompute theweights oflocalprocessors. By usinglocalprocessor weights, thesubsequent datafusion isexecuted tocombine the corresponding joint stateestimates. Simulation results are presented comparing theperformance oftheglobal MPNN algorithm withthelocal-level fusion algorithm andwiththe sensor-level filtering algorithm.


In this paper, overmodulation techniques are described for do-decagonal space vector PWM (DSVPWM). Based on the modulation index (MI), overmodulation algorithms are divided into two zones. The reference angles in the overmodulation regions for DSVPWM are derived by taking the Fourier series expansion to the reference phase voltage, that corresponding MI. This method achieves a linear relation between the output voltage and MI up to a 12-step operation. From the results, it is found that even in over-modulation ranges including 12-step operation, DSVPWM eliminates all the $6m\pm 1$ ($m$ = odd number) phase voltage harmonics from the inverter output. A smooth operation throughout the transition from the linear modulation range to the 12-step operation is achieved, and the results are validated by the MATLAB Simulink.


Abstract This article demonstrates that some 180 of the 2,400 text glosses in the 'Leiden Glossary' derive from an epitome of the Etymologiae. A reconstruction of this lost source shows that it consisted of abbreviated entries from all twenty of Isidore's books, with selected books heavily glossed in Old English. Mirroring the encyclopedic scope of the Etymologiae, this seventh-century epitome was extensively excerpted by glossary-compilers and gave thousands of English words their first written form.


In this paper, the data processing and storage characteristics of cloud computing are analyzed and studied. On this basis, a cloud computing data storage model based on BP neural network is proposed. In this data storage model, it can carry out the choice of server cluster according to the different attributes of the data, so as to complete the spatial data storage model with load balancing function, and have certain feasibility and application advantages.


he qality of indstrial retions in he Eupean pblic sctor This report examines the quality of industrial relations in the public sector in five EU Member States: France, Finland, Germany, Ireland, and Italy. Today there is pressure for change and reform across the European Union public sector, with particular emphasis on increased efficiency and effectiveness within tight expenditure constraints, concerns about job security and problems of labour shortages as a result of recruitment breaks and retention problems. The report looks at different models of integrative bargaining aimed at 'win-win' solutions. The term 'flexible collaboration' is used in the report to describe an approach to industrial relations that promotes dialogue and participation at every level, good quality information exchange and high levels of trust without dismantling useful procedural safeguards.


Abstract Magnetized distilled water (MDW), as a green solvent, was used in the Hantzsch four-component synthesis of polyhydroquinolines and the three-component synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine condensation reactions of 1,3-cyclohexanedione/dimedone, ethyl acetoacetate/malononitrile, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate under catalyst-free conditions. The developed synthetic technique offers numerous advantages including eco-friendly, simplicity, low-costs, short reaction times, high reaction yields, and easy work-up compared to the traditional synthetic method. Moreover, the reaction rates were followed spectrophotometrically by monitoring the changes in the absorption spectrum of the reaction mixture in ordinary distilled water (ODW) and MDW. Also, the effect of magnetization time and the memory effect were studied.


The effects of PGE1 on responses of isolated seminal vesicles to adrenaline as well as the neurotransmitters noradrenaline and acetylcholine were examined. Isolated seminal vesicles from rats and quinea pigs were bathed in 1 of the neurotransmitters; addition of PGE1 potentiated the response to the neurotransmitters.


Abstract:Children's outdoor play in school may forge meaningful, lasting environmental and community connections, yet it has rarely been explored as a component of place-based education. This article describes an ethnographic case study of recess play values in a small, independent school for dyslexic children that offers multiple choices for recess play, including traditional playground equipment and a wooded area. Ecological psychology provided the theoretical framework to describe the values observed over several years of children's recess play, as well as those expressed in interviews with parents, teachers, administrators and alumni. Results suggest that the strong preference for "woods play" areas during the elementary grades is linked to the diversity of affordances ("action possibilities") present, as well as the opportunity to participate in a dynamic, creative children's culture. The dual use of the woods for teaching and play further enhanced students' sense of connection with and competence in selected play settings.


Cognitive brain function is regulated by the interplay between sleep homeostasis and the circadian timing system. The macroscopic brain correlates involved in this interaction are being uncovered, but microscopic cellular-level mechanisms remain largely unknown. We recorded neuronal responses to TMS pulses using hdEEG in 22 healthy young individuals over a stringent 29h constant routine protocol during which participants performed cognitive test batteries. Dynamic causal modelling and neural mass modelling were applied to infer connectivity between pyramidal (PC) and stellate cells (SC) and inhibitory interneuron (II), as well as glutamate and GABA functions. Cortical excitability was computed from the slope and amplitude of the evoked responses recorded at scalp level and inferred at the brain surface. Mean firing rate, excitatory drive form SC to both II and PC as well as inhibitory feedback drives of II and SC showed a significant time modulation. The temporal changes in all these variables were best explained by an interaction between a linear and sinusoidal function. Similarly, cortical excitability changed with time awake and dynamics was matched by a linear-sinusoidal interplay. Finally, regression analyses indicated that changes in neural system organization and excitability were related to variations in performance and subjective feeling as well as with slow wave activity during previous baseline sleep. These results demonstrate that the temporal changes in the organization of the different cortical layers reflect the interplay between sleep homeostasis and the circadian clock. The data further suggest the theses neuronal changes set non-linear variations in cortical excitability and behavior.


Formulate is a library to build and manipulate formulations. It can be use for materials, cosmetics or any activities involving mixing of components. This version computes oxygen balance, eutectic points, equilibrium temperature by deep learning. The purpose of this library is allowing a way to build deep learning datasets for materials and formulations.


ABSTRACT That India was experiencing a rise in vigilante-style violence linked to the emotive issues of cow slaughter and meat consumption came to widespread public attention in 2015 with a wave of "beef lynchings." What one ate – beef or not – was being constructed as a fundamental marker of difference between religious communities, and caste groups too. In the communal discourse, protagonists were undifferentiated and immutable: Hindus and Muslims have always been divided, and perhaps inevitably in conflict, because one worships the cow, while the other eats it. As a challenge to this politicized narrative, my article explores how food has been employed as a marker of identity and difference among South Asian Muslims in the modern period. To access more quotidian experience, the main sources are travel narratives, many of which were written by women, who were more occupied with food's preparation and serving. These writings reveal the ways in which food was used at different historical moments and locations to differentiate between, not just Hindus and Muslims, but also colonizer and colonized, men and women, old nobilities, a new middle class and "the poor," and Muslims of different regions and locales. As one woman from Delhi indicated during a debate over ghee aboard a pilgrim ship in the early 1920s: "Human or not, everyone has their own habits and tastes." In other words, food may be a universal human experience, but it is also a means of differentiating self and other that is contingent on history.


Behavioral synthesis involves generating hardware design via compilation of its Electronic System Level (ESL) description to an RTL implementation. Equivalence checking is critical to ensure that the synthesized RTL conforms to its ESL specification. Such equivalence checking must effectively handle design and implementation optimizations. We identify two key optimizations that complicate equivalence checking for behavioral synthesis: (1) operation gating, and (2) global variables. We develop a sequential equivalence checking (SEC) framework to compare ESL designs with RTL in the presence of these optimizations. Our approach can handle designs with more than 32K LoC RTL synthesized from practical ESL designs. Furthermore, our evaluation found a bug in a commercial tool, underlining both the importance of SEC and the effectiveness of our approach.


This paper presents a method to design BPSK modulator and demodulator. The method makes use of modern DSP technology which uses the tool of DSP Builder of American Altera Co. The direct digital synthesis (DSP) principle is briefly presented and used to design orthogonal cosine signal module. In demodulator, we use the low pass FIR filtering IP core to filter high frequency component. The BPSK modem is ultimately implemented on the FPGA device. This design uses MATLAB/Simulink, DSP Builder 7.2, ModelSim 6.1g and Quartus II7.2 to simulate and realize directly BPSK modulator and demodulator based on FPGA, using DSP Builder to substitute the VHDL programming, has the organic integration in modeling and hardware implementation on the same work bench. The method can greatly improve the developing efficiency, shorten developing period and reduce costs. The practice has proved the accuracy and validity of the method.


We present the work done for the wood prefabricated house Napevomo, a prototype of high energetic performance for the international competition Solar Decathlon Europe (SDE) 2010. The house is the result of the collaboration between an architect (Chilean), a designer, 25 companies from the Aquitaine region (France), 12 engineer students from the Arts et Métiers ParisTech (Bordeaux), and professionals from the Center of Technologic Innovation (CRT) Nobatek. The main axis that guided the collaborative work of Napevomo were: energy performance, user comfort, wellbeing, respect for the environment and innovation. This axis were put together through the architectonic shape in which environmental conditions and new technologies gave visible, sensible and functional characteristics to the house.


Objectives The Medical Protection Society (MPS) is a leading protection organisation for healthcare professionals worldwide. In the UK and Ireland, a small minority of MPS members experience significantly more medicolegal cases than their peers and are invited to participate in a risk education (RE) remediation process. To understand more about this educational intervention, we sought to explore participating doctors' views of their experiences of this process and identify self-reported performance improvements and what elements of the intervention could be improved. Design Qualitative semistructured telephone interviews with a convenience sample of doctors with significantly more medicolegal cases than their peers identified by MPS. Setting UK and Ireland MPS members. Participants A convenience sample of 20 general medical practitioners and hospital specialists from a total of 79 who completed the RE process (25.3% response rate), with a particular focus on the Member Risk Review programme, between November 2013 and October 2015. Results 19 participants were male and 16 were based in general medical (office) practice. Three key themes were generated: personal and professional impacts and actions (eg, member has taken action to reduce clinical workload); comprehension and validity of RE interventions (eg, risks were related to wider patient management); and feedback and proposals (eg, the supportive nature of the educational interventions should be clear from the start). A number of recommendations were made by participants to improve the RE process and enhance the educational experience. Conclusions The RE process was largely valued by participants with many reporting that participation led to some positive professional behaviour changes and improvements in practice processes and personal well-being.


At present, electromechanical systems are becoming more and more complex, and the quality of their key components plays a vital role in the reliability of the whole system. Considering the economy, redundant configuration has become an important reliability assurance method for electromechanical systems. However, there is no good method to determine the redundant configuration level of the system reliability, which results in over-design or under-configuration. For this reason, the reliability redundancy optimization method for vital parts of electromechanical systems is proposed, which provides a theoretical basis for reliability design of redundant system. In this paper, the following aspects are studied. The concept of reliability entropy is defined and the optimal value of reliability redundancy allocation is found through the analysis of reliability entropy. The reliability solution function of redundant system is established, the solution function is deduced and analyzed, the variation law of reliability function is found, and the reliability redundancy optimization is carried out on this basis. Finally, the simulation calculation of reliability entropy is studied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can meet the requirements of reliability index of redundant system.


Background Child head injury is an important public health issue. It is estimated that head injury is the first cause of child disability. The data from National Injury Surveillance System of China 2014 showed that about 200,000 cases went to outpatient and emergency due to head injury, 1/5 of them were child aged 0 to 14. Methods Descriptive analysis was applied to depict general information, injuries events and clinical characteristics of child head injuries in 2014. Results In 2014, 47690 cases of child head injuries were collected, males were twice higher than females, with 43.5% of them under 1–4 years of age. October, Thursday and 6 PM were the peak period of time. The three leading causes responsible for child head injuries were falls (69.6%), blunt force injuries (14.23%) and road traffic injury (11.0%). Main locations causing head injuries were at home(45.0%), public places (19.7%), in road/street (15.8%). Recreation activates (77.88%), driving (7.32%), sports activities (5.72%) were the three major activities when injuries took place. The main injury intent was unintentional (95.4%). The three leading nature of injury were bruise injuries (71.7%), Sharp injuries, bites and open injuries (20.1%), concussion/cerebral contusion (4.0%). Most of the injury cases were mild (90.3%), only 13.8% of them were moderate, and 0.9% of them were severe. The major disposition of injury cases were treated and discharged (82.0%), others were observed/admitted/transferred (9.4%) and dead (0.04%). Conclusions In 2014, child head injuries were seen more in male than in female, mostly occurs at home. The leading causes for head injuries were falls, blunt injuries and road traffic.


CRMFLX (Chandra Radiation Model of ion FluX) is a radiation environment risk mitigation tool for use as a decision aid in planning the operations times for Chandra's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) detector. The accurate prediction of the proton flux environment with energies of 100 - 200 keV is needed in order to protect the ACIS detector against proton degradation. Unfortunately, protons of this energy are abundant in the region of space Chandra must operate, and on-board particle detectors do not measure proton flux levels of the required energy range. This presentation will describe the plasma environment data analysis and modeling basis of the CRMFLX engineering environment model developed to predict the proton flux in the solar wind, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere phenomenological regions of geospace. The recently released CRMFLX Version 2 implementation includes an algorithm that propagates flux from an observation location to other regions of the magnetosphere based on convective ExB and VB-curvature particle drift motions. This technique has the advantage of more completely filling out the database and makes maximum use of limited data obtained during high Kp periods or in areas of the magnetosphere with poor satellite flux measurement coverage.


Objective To evaluate the effect of the application of forgetfulness analgesia slow induction assisted laryngoscope in tracheal intubation in the patients with difficult airways.Methods Twenty patients scheduled for trachea intubation with airway rated to Ш or IV according to Mallampati were admitted into this study,they were equally randomised into laryngoscope group(group A) and assisted laryngoscope group(group B).The rates of successful intubation and the time for intubaiton were recorded.Results The successful intubation rate was higher in group B(100%) than in group A(50%),respectively(P0.05).The time for intubation was shorter in group B(33.7±6.53)s than in group A(72.2±25.72)s,respectively(P0.01).Conclusion The application of forgetfulness analgesia slow induction assisted laryngoscope in difficult airway is a safe and effective way.


Objective:To approach clinical biochemistry result of hepatic cirrhosis patients.Method:To retrospective analyze clinical data of hepatic cirrhosis patients in our hospital,than to compare with control group of health examination.Result:The ALT,AST,ALP,γ-GT,TBIL,DBIL of hepatic cirrhosis group were higher than control group,the CHE,TP,ALB were lower than control group,P0.05,the difference were statistical significance.Conclusion:The liver biochemical indicator and fibrosis indicator were calculated hepatic cirrhosis and improved clinical diagnosis rate,which were be provided reliably theory according,which were important clinical significance.


This paper describes the implementation of AXI compliant DDR3 memory controller. It discusses the overall architecture of the DDR3 controller along with the detailed design and operation of its individual sub blocks, the pipelining implemented in the design to increase the design throughput. It also discusses the advantage of DDR3 memories over DDR2 memories and the AXI protocol operation.


Molecularly imprinted composite membranes prepared via photo polymerization,using salicylic acid( SA) as the template,acryamide as functional monomer,and polypropylene membranes as supporting material,were used for selective recognition of SA. The polymeric layer in the imprinted membrane was proved by SEM and static contact angle experiments. Adsorption studies were performed to investigate the specific binding capacity,binding kinetics and recognition specificity. The Langmuir isotherm model was fitted to the equilibrium data,and the permeation and selectivity experiment indicated MIPM had excellent performances of selectivity recognition.


Our aim was to compare the assault characteristics of victims presenting to a sexual assault service who were prescribed HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) with those not prescribed HIV PEP. A retrospective review was carried out of the medical records of victims who were seen over a 12-month period in 1999/2000. HIV PEP may have been potentially appropriate for 117 victims, of whom nine (7.7%) were prescribed PEP (eight women, one man). There was a trend for prescription of PEP to depend on the type of assault, with those suffering anal penetration most likely to be prescribed PEP, followed by those with vaginal, and then oral penetration (P=0.08). Those who gave a history of oral or vaginal mucosal contact with ejaculate were more likely to receive PEP compared with those in whom ejaculation occurred at a non-mucosal site (P=0.03). Most prescribed PEP regimens involved three antiretroviral drugs. In this study, HIV PEP, when prescribed, was in accord with existing guidelines. Future studies should aim to better document HIV seroconversions in victims of sexual assault and HIV seroprevalence in assailants.


The medical information service system for the radiation medicine extert to reach even higher working efficiency is one software package comprising patient data base server, file server, display system, film server, management server, patient web site and analog equipment and device. It operates on data compression, image processing, medical image compression, multidimensional conversion, image display, 3D surface treatment, 3D volume treatment, etc. The present invention is one digital network system for managing medical inforamtion, image and medical reports and may be used in radiation medicine department in hospital, including community hospital, to provide film-free service.


For the internet to be sustainable for rapidly increasing traffic, each ISP must improve its network equipment in response to this increase in traffic. For this improvement, ISPs require a sufficient level of economic utility, which is derived from network interconnections. However, the evolution of the internet topology may degrade economic utility of each ISP because the traffic flow changes with the evolution of the internet topology. In this study, we first investigate whether each ISP can obtain sufficient economic utility with an increase in traffic. From this investigation, we show that the increase in the rate of traffic through each ISP greatly outstrips the increased economic utility of each ISP. This means that the internet topology is not sustainable for such an increase in traffic. We then develop policies by which autonomous systems can construct links such that each ISP continually achieves sufficient economic utility for increase in traffic.


The stochasticity in the distribution of dark haloes in the cosmic density (cid:12)eld is re(cid:13)ected in the distribution function P V( N j (cid:14) m) which gives the probability of (cid:12)nding N haloes in a volume V with mass density contrast (cid:14) m. We study the properties of this function using high-resolution N -body simulations, and (cid:12)nd that P V( N j (cid:14) m) is signi(cid:12)cantly non-Poisson. The ratio between the variance and the mean goes from (cid:24) 1 (Poisson) at 1+ (cid:14) m (cid:28) 1 to < 1 (sub-Poisson) at 1+ (cid:14) m (cid:24) 1 to > 1 (super-Poisson) at 1+ (cid:14) m (cid:29) 1. The mean bias relation is found to be well described by halo bias models based on the Press-Schechter formalism. The sub-Poisson variance can be explained as a result of halo-exclusion while the super-Poisson variance at high (cid:14) m may be explained as a result of halo clustering. A simple phenomenological model is proposed to describe the behavior of the variance as a function of (cid:14) m. Galaxy distribution in the cosmic density (cid:12)eld predicted by semi-analytic models of galaxy formation shows similar stochasticity. We discuss the implications of the stochasticity in halo bias to the modelling of high-order moments of dark haloes and of galaxies that form within them.


Review question / Objective: Can patients with adenomyosis benefit from acupuncture treatments? Evaluation of current evidence with respect to the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for adenomyosis by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available randomized controlled trial. Condition being studied: Adenomyosis is a gynecological disorder defined as the presence of the endometrial gland and stroma cells within the myometrium. This condition mainly occurs in women who are multiparous and over the age of 30. Among women undergoing hysterectomy, the frequency of adenomyosis is reported to range from 8.8% to 61.5%. Adenomyosis is also observed in 20. 9% to 34% of women who have been referred for pelvic imaging. The incidence of adenomyosis in the general population remains uncertain. Adenomyosis can significantly decrease the patient's quality of life, with the clinical presentations of menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, metrorrhagia, chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia.


Objective To establish the developed mandibular neutral zone complete dentures for the finite element analysis of complete dentures and support tissues. Methods Determine the sort and ratio of photographic developer on the preliminary experiment in 2008. Based on helical CT scanning data of a male's edentulous mandible, the three-dimensional model was established with application of digital image processing programmer and reverse engineering software Geomagic. Results Three-dimensial finite element model of complete dentures and the support tissues were established. The model showed good similarity to the real complete dentures. Conclusion The developed dentures and reverse engineering method can be used in building finite element models.


The ultrasonic automated experimental setup and technique for research of anisotropy of elastic properties of micro‐ and nanocrystalline metals and residual stresses are developed. Setup works in range of frequencies of 0.2‐5 MHz. Accuracy of measurement of propagation time of elastic wave is equal to 0.2 ns, amplitude ‐ 1%. Setup allows to make diagnostics of metals using volume, Raleigh and Lamb waves and to carry out scanning on linear and angular coordinates. Use of point source and receiver of acoustic waves and the high time resolution allows to carry out research of anisotropy and residual pressure with high spatial resolution. The x‐y‐coordinate device operated by personal computer, allows to carry out two‐dimensional scanning of the sample by elastic waves with step of 10 micron. Experimental results of diagnostics of anisotropy of elastic properties in a number of microcrystalline constructional materials with residual stresses (alloys of aluminum and steel), and also a steel plate in the field ...


In this paper, the methods for appearance examination, thickness measurement, corrosion resistance testing and abrasion resistance testing of chemical conversion coatings are described respectively.


In this era of diminishing health-care resources and increasing accountability, it is our duty as orthopaedic surgeons to minimize the risk of complications and to optimize the outcomes for our patients. The prevention of surgical site infection has been of particular interest recently. Two recent articles in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery by Kim and coauthors and by Schwarzkopf and associates address these issues.

In the paper by Kim et al., the authors instituted a screening and eradication program for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients undergoing elective orthopaedic operations at the New England Baptist Hospital in Boston. This program was initiated on the basis of multiple previous studies that identified Staphylococcus aureus as an organism that is carried in the nasal passages of patients1-3. In addition, staphylococci continue to be the most common causes of infection after orthopaedic operations. It also has been shown that intranasal mupirocin is the most effective method of eradicating intranasal Staphylococcus aureus 4. In this study, the authors wished to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of instituting a hospital-wide program for identifying carriers and attempting to eradicate the infection prior to elective orthopaedic operations.

It is commendable that a hospital …


The hypernuclear program at Dubna was started in 1988 with investigation of the light hypernuclei production and decay. Nowadays we are planning to measure lifetime and cross section of Λ3H and Λ4H hypernuclei.


Domentijan's Life of Saint Sava the Serbian from 1253/1254 is the oldest known source for the cults of Athonite miracle-working icons of the Virgin. In that text five famous icons of the Virgin from Mount Athos are mentioned : the Virgin of Vatopedi, the Kariotissa, the Portaitissa, the Oikonomissa and the Virgin of Hilandar monastery. Three of those still exist today : one in Vatopedi (known as Bematarissa), one in Iviron and the mosaic icon from Hilandar monastery; 'Axion estin' is the copy from the late thirteenth century of the former icon in Protaton, and in the Great Lavra there is the mixture of two cults, of that of the ancient Oikonomissa and that of the present day monastery 'Palladium', i.e. the Koukouzelissa.


Today technology is having its impact on every direction mankind takes and higher management education cannot be an exception. In fact technology is confirming that it precipitates change in management education by providing and accessing information, learning approaches and methods of teaching and learning. Technology helps by providing learning resources, individualized learning, making the task of teaching-learning interesting, decisive and fruitful. Thus, students learn more and without any burden with the help of technology. It is only with the help of technology that distance higher management education has come to stand on its feet. Higher management education is provided by traditional universities in their campuses and in the colleges affiliated with these universities, institutions for profit and by independent institutions. Some well known business management institutions, as well some universities, also run executive development programmers, training programmers et cetera where the students are working executives. The maximum number of business management graduates and post graduates come from colleges affiliated to universities. Students, coming from different institutions, entering the market, are paid differently by recruiters. This paper makes an attempt to review the role of technology in enhancing the quality of higher management education. In early days of the use of technology in higher business management education was limited to automating but now-a-days technology is being used to transform the management education. For example, use of information technology in higher business management education improves communication, efficiency and decision making. Interactive computer applications and simulation exercises are used for 'visiting' and 'meeting' the key players before entering the class. Instructor's console, computer assisted instructions facilitate information and knowledge sharing. To transit knowledge is the ultimate goal of teaching.


On March 6, 1951, I was honored to be chosen to resist the U.S. and aid Korea. I was filled with unspeakable joy because my ambition was realized.


The article discloses main problems in the sphere of life-quality of Krasnoyarsk region population, which are closelly connected with modern conditions and the trend of development of Krasnoyarsk region economics. Also the article describes some problems, which deal with monitoring and estimation of activities and indexes of life-quality.


Cutting-edge real-time detectors usually reach real-time performance by adopting lightweight architectures. The accuracy of detection may be limited by their insufficient capabilities to obtain powerful feature representation, which is a notoriously onerous task in machine vision applications. Aiming at this problem, this study proposes a method of adaptive aggregation of features at both scale and spatial levels in an anchor-free framework: 1) at the scale level, a Multi-scale Point Feature Fusion (MPFF) module has been proposed to fuse point features from multiple scales via a self-adaptive re-weighting manner; 2) at the spatial level, a Restrained Deformable Convolution (R-DCN) has been designed to focus on the most informative features in a pre-defined region while avoiding the remote feature distraction. Based on R-DCN, an Adaptive Spatial Aggregation (ASA) module has been presented to alleviate the feature misalignment problem in classification and regression tasks via their respective spatial divisions. Extensive experimental results on MS COCO indicate that Adaptive Aggregation Detector (AADet) achieves a state-of-the-art detection performance, i.e., 41.8 AP at 60 FPS.


Impact Assessment is the identification and prediction of environmental and social impacts. Value judgements by analysts make objective impact assessments impossible. It is suggested, therefore, that approaches should seek to reduce the influence of value judgements by clearly identifying where value judgements occur. Evaluation is the assignment of relative values to impacts in the course of decision making. It is argued that this is a political decision, and, as such, should be the responsibility of politicians.


Stunting is a nutritional problem seen from the inappropriate length or height according to age. Nutritional status was monitored through the TB / U index. From the data from the Puskesmas Pandanus, the prevalence of stunting is 31.71% in 2018 of the total 719 children under five. This research aims to determine the risk factors for stunting in the work area of the Pandan Community Health Center, Sintang District. This type of research is quantitative using a cross sectional approach with a population of mothers who have children under five as many as 719 and this sample is 257 mothers under five. The primary data collection tool used a questionnaire using a survey method for mothers of toddlers who were used as samples in this study to obtain primary data. The results of this study are based on statistical tests known that associated with the incidence of stunting in children under five is parenting (p = 0.011), tradition (p = 0.001), and access to information (p = 0.003). All parties related to the incidence of stunting in toddlers teach good parenting by reducing traditions that have an impact on the health of toddlers, and constantly convey the importance of toddler health for the future.


Let E1 be an ordinary pairing-friendly elliptic curve of embedding degree k > 1 over a finite field Fq. Besides, let E2 be a twist of E1 of degree d := #Aut(E1) over the field Fqe , where e := k/d ∈ N. As is customary, for a common prime divisor r of the orders N1 := #E1(Fq) and N2 := #E2(Fqe) denote by G1 ⊂ E1(Fq) and G2 ↪→ E2(Fqe) the eigenspaces of the Frobenius endomorphism on E1[r] ⊂ E1(Fqk), associated with the eigenvalues 1, q respectively. This short note explains how to hash onto G2 more efficiently and why we do not need to hash directly onto G1. In the first case, we significantly exploit the presence of clearing the cofactor c2 := N2/r. In the second one, on the contrary, clearing the cofactor c1 := N1/r can be fully avoided. The fact is that optimal ate pairings a : G2×G1 → μr ⊂ F∗ qk can be painlessly (unlike E2(Fqe)×G1) extended to G2×E1(Fq), at least in main pairing-based protocols. Throughout the text we mean hashing indifferentiable from a random oracle. At the moment, the curve BLS12-381 (with e = 2) is the most popular in practice. Earlier for this curve (and a number of others) the author constructed encodings F q → E1(Fq) and Fq → E2(Fq2) computable in constant time of one exponentiation in Fq. Combining the new ideas with these encodings, we obtain hash functions {0, 1}∗ → E1(Fq) and {0, 1}∗ → G2, which seem to be difficult to speed up even more. We also discuss how much performance gain they provide over hash functions that are actively applied in the industry.


The invention relates to a method for controlling a high-temperature operating mode of an automatic transmission wherein at least one value of an actual engine (CMO) or transmission (CGT) temperature is continuously measured. In the electronic control unit several gear shift control programs are stored and are accessed at normal operating temperatures according to an evaluation counter provided with a driving activity characteristic. It is proposed that the evaluation counter be provided with a high-temperature operating value (MAX(UDCHMMO, UDCHMGT)) with which is associated a gear shift program which also has temperature-lowering properties when the actual temperature value (CMO, CGT) is higher than a first limit value (MOMIN, GTMIN).


Global change has led to the increased duration and frequency of droughts and may affect the microbial-mediated biochemical processes of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES). Effects of...


A new approach to the synthesis of segmented liquid-crystalline (LC) polymers with an increased length of both mesogenic and flexible moieties is suggested. It consists in the preparation of intermediate polymeric compounds on the basis of aliphatic diols and a "triade" type complex monomer, 4,4′-(oxalyldioxy)dibenzoyl dichloride (6), whose central oxalyl unit plays the role of a bifunctional protective group and proves to be the structural element of the main chain of the intermediate polymer. The chemodegradation of the latter to bifunctional alkylene bis(4-hydroxybenzoate)s (3), which differ from the initial complex monomer, is achieved by selective removal of the oxalyl protective group. The desired LC polymers may be synthesized on the basis of such hydroxy-bifunctional compounds 3 and another triade type monomer carrying two acyl chloride functions, 4,4′-(terephthaloyldioxy)dibenzoyl dichloride. The features of each stage of the synthesis are discussed. Special attentional is paid to the selectivity of hydrolysis procedure of the intermediate polymers. A series of segmented LC polyesters containing five or seven 1,4-phenylene units in the mesogenic group are synthesized, their thermal properties are compared with the properties of LC polymers described earlier.


This research project investigates methods to determine the effective PG grade of asphalt binder in a mixture containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP). Indirect Tensile (IDT) dynamic modulus and strength testing was done on mixtures containing 10%, 25%, 40% RAP and virgin mixtures with different PG grade binders. The Hirsch model was used to backcalculate binder shear modulus from the measured mixture dynamic modulus. The binder was recovered from these mixtures and graded according to SUPERPAVE criteria. These values were compared to the backcalculated binder shear modulus to estimate the effective PG grade. Results of this work show it is a promising method to estimate the effective PG grade, but it does not provide enough information to determine the actual continuous PG grade of mixtures.


The Atlantic Forest is an important biome formed by different phytophysionomy and is considered a hot spot of biodiversity. Some parts of the biome has received more attention in recent studies but few articles has stood out in the physiognomy of nebular forest, especially in peri-urban forests. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil fertility and litterfall production and decomposition in a peri-urban forest of Sao Paulo city, Brazil. The studied area is located at the Curucutu nucleus, at the State Park of Serra do Mar, southern of Sao Paulo city. The phytofisignomy is characterized by dense broadleaf vegetation in a nebular forest. Five different points were selected in 1 ha plot to collect soil samples at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm depths to analyze physicochemical properties and fertility. For analysing litterfall production 20 litter traps were randomly distributed in the plot. After collected, the material was dried and weighted. For decomposition, sixty litter bags were randomly placed on the soil and 12 of them were monthly collected to assess the biomass loss. The results indicated low nutrient availability and high values of aluminum in the soil due to extremely acidic conditions. The soil C:N, C:P and P:N ratios showed an inefficiency in nutrient cycling probably due to the slow decomposition rate, which probably contributed to low availability of nutrients. Litterfall production reached the amount of 6.4 Mg ha -1 year -1 with the highest production during the spring and summer. The litter bags methodology confirmed the lower decomposition rates and the time to decompose 50% and 95% of the material was higher than the expected for fragments of the Atlantic forests. The low values of macro and micronutrients verified, associated with the acidity and the presence of toxic element, affect the fertility of the soil at the Curucutu, resulting in nutritional deficiencies to the existing vegetation.


e17052 Background: Early ovarian malignancies (eOM) are often diagnosed incidentally in the course of diagnostic minimal invasive surgery or laparoscopy for preoperative suspected benign indications. To what extent initial minimal-invasive staging matches final FIGO stage following definite surgery is controversially discussed and current literature on this question is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess accuracy of laparoscopic staging of eOM with regard to final FIGO stage. Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients treated for eOM between 01/2000 and 10/2018. Participating sites were Gynecologic comprehensive cancer centers with great expertise in minimal invasive surgery. Inclusion criteria were no preoperative suspicion of advanced malignancy, initial staging laparoscopy, completion of surgical treatment via laparotomy and complete follow-up data. Clinical data and outcomes were abstracted from the medical record. Rate of upstaging and distinct causes were assessed and initial and definite FIGO stage and 3-year disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared with regard to the incidence of upstaging. Results: 107 patients with eOM were included in the final analysis. In 72 (67 %) patients primary laparoscopic staging was concordant with final staging. 35 (33 %) cases were upstaged after the second operation. Regarding the cause for upstaging 4 (11 %) were upstaged because of infiltration of the contralateral ovarian capsule, 16 (46 %) because of peritoneal infiltrates and in 15 (43 %) patients an iatrogenic rupture of the ovarian tumor occurred during laparotomy. 21 (60 %) cases were upstaged within FIGO stage I and 14 (40 %) cases from stage I to II. Comparison of 3-year DFS and OS showed no differences regarding upstaging. Conclusions: In this population of patients with eOM, staging laparoscopy performed by specialized laparoscopic oncologic surgeons showed a sufficient accuracy with no case of upstaging to advanced FIGO stages. Regarding oncologic safety laparoscopic staging showed no impact on 3-year DFS and OS.


Abstrac t . Implementing counting networks on shared-memory multiprocessor machines often incurs a performance penalty proportional to the depth of the networks and the extent to which concurrent processors access the same memory location at the same time. In this work, we examine the dependence of performance on the width of the balancers used in constructing such networks. Our main result is a construction of counting networks (and, hence, sorting networks) with perfect power width pk, for any integers p ~ 2 and k >_ 1. This construction is built on balancers of width p, and'generalizes in a novel way the periodic counting network of Aspnes, Herlihy and Shavit [3], built on balancers of width 2. This result provides a partial answer to a question of Aharonson and Attiya [1]. The depth of these networks is k 2, thus implying decrease in depth of counting networks through an increase in balancer width. Furthermore, we provide a formal analysis of the performance of our construction as measured by contention [8]. Through a novel use of recurrence relations, we show that our counting networks incur a contention of O(nk 2/pk-1) in the presence of n concurrent processors. This bound implies a trade-off between depth and contention.


ewly prepared Schiff bases; 2-hydroxybenzylidene-4-x-phenyl)-2-aminothiazole, where x=H, NO2-, CH3, -OCH3, -Cl, and –F (L1-L6), and their corresponding Pt (II) complexes (Pt(L1)2-Pt(L6)2) were synthesized. The ligands and their own complexes were structurally characterized using, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, mass spectra, elemental analysis and SEM technique. The spectral data revealed that these bases are bonded to the Pt ion via both, the deprotonated hydroxyl and the imine groups, suggesting a square planar geometry. Human DNA interaction with Schiff bases and their metal complexes were investigated spectrophotometrically, intercalation mechanism was found to dominate those links. Antioxidant activity measurements of the prepared ligands and their platinum complexes, also, were performed by linoleic acid free radical scavenging method. The methoxy derivative, L4 was found to be the most active species relatively to BHT and the sequence of activity, apparently arranged as following order: L4> L3> L2> L5=L6> L1 Anti-proliferative activity of the bases and their Pt (II) complexes was carried out on the MCF-7 cancer cell lines following the MTT assay.


...................................................................................................................... iii 1. Petals for the Divide ...................................................................................................... 1 element ............................................................................................................... 2 the beloved ......................................................................................................... 3 different these sounds ......................................................................................... 4 hope the dance .................................................................................................... 5 breathing ............................................................................................................. 6 days spent drifting .............................................................................................. 7 tourmaline ........................................................................................................... 8 snow paths .......................................................................................................... 9 recollection ....................................................................................................... 10 mathematics ...................................................................................................... 11 radiance ............................................................................................................ 12 ever blurring ..................................................................................................... 13 when we were that flower ................................................................................ 14 capillary ............................................................................................................ 15 exponential ....................................................................................................... 16 slowly we turn .................................................................................................. 17 reaching always through ................................................................................... 18 less than bees .................................................................................................... 19 element ............................................................................................................. 20 2. Settled Beer Awaits Us ................................................................................................ 21 weathered .......................................................................................................... 22 once these fields ............................................................................................... 23 aquamarine ....................................................................................................... 24 iconoclast .......................................................................................................... 25 meanwhile the moon ........................................................................................ 26 as though reconciled ......................................................................................... 27 sidewalks too shatter ........................................................................................ 28 watch as it drifts away ...................................................................................... 29 a parable for midday ......................................................................................... 30 one more prodigal ............................................................................................. 31


Recently, perovskite-type BaTiO3 showing sharp X-ray diffraction peak comparable to that synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction was obtained by mixing Ba(OH)2 and TiO2 hydrous gel and by leaving the mixture at 323K or less. However, the obtained BaTiO3 was cubic crystal system, which was different from that synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction. In this study, the structural analysis of cubic-BaTiO3 obtained by this technique was conducted, and the factors to form cubic structure were investigated. Since no second harmonic generation signal was observed, the structure of BaTiO3 was essentially different from that of traditional tetragonal-BaTiO3. Rietveld analysis with the initial structure model of ideal cubic perovskite structure exhibited that Ti4+ had exceptionally large isotropic atomic displacement parameter. A reasonable isotropic atomic displacement parameter was obtained by considering the static site disorder in the initial structural model, that is, Ti4+ locates at off-center position in TiO6 octahedron by displacing in a disordered direction, resulting in pseudo-cubic symmetry. ©2021 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved.