WILLEY'S REPORT (1920) on marine copepods of north ern and northwestern coastal waters of North America included 12 species of H arpacticoida, mostly from Canadian inshore localities. Among these was a new species, Danielssenia stejanssoni, of particular interest because of its relationship to D . sibirica Sars from the northeastern Siberian coast. Lang ( 1944, 1948) divided the six species of the genus into two groups. One, called the sibirica group, includes only these two related species occurring in closely situated regions of neighboring continents. The present paper extends the known distribut ion of stejanssoni to the Chukchi Sea coast of Alaska, placing it not far distant from the nearest Asian occurrence of sibirica on Wrangell Island. Considering the scant knowledge of harpacticoid copepods of these two continen tal regions, it is not certain that the geographic separation is real, although it may be since such allopatry is suggested by other species-pairs and groups of freshwater , brackishwater, and marine copepods. Th e possible existence of a species-pair on the two continents is of considerable zoogeographic interest and phylogeneti c importance. Accurate determinations of the two species and of possible unkn own species, recognition of variations, and phylogeny of the group and genus require detailed anatomical knowledge of D. stejanssoni . For these reasons, I have prepared this account of Alaskan specimens. A synopsis of literature, distr ibution, and comments on anatomy of D. sibiricn, necessary for critical comparison with stejanssoni, are included.


In the method of the copper alloy film surface to generate nano copper particles, the following steps: a first Cu-Zr alloy film is deposited on the polyimide PI matrix, forming Cu-Zr / PI film-based system; two, then prepared for the film-based system, under a vacuum better than 1 * 10-3 conditions, temperature 100-400 deg.] C, annealing for 5-10 minutes, such that the upper surface of the polyimide base film, forming a nano-scale or submicron particles of pure Cu ; or by oxidation of the copper particles prepared to achieve copper oxide particles. Advantageous effects of the invention: simple, low cost, easy to prepare a large area on the film surface, high density, controllable scale particle or nano-sized pure Cu oxide particles; pure Cu oxide particles or granules prepared, can be used to prepare flexible electronic devices and electro-optical display device; production method of the present invention, reference may also be provided for the preparation of metal particles other similar properties.


ANALYSIS OF CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS IN THE REGIONS OF PROMOTING GENES RELATED TO ROOT DEVELOPMENT The roots have a large range of functions in plants, including acquisition of water and nutrients, as well as structural support. The combination of classical methods of genetics and breeding with molecular technologies for genomic analysis opens a new perspective to expand the knowledge of the genetic basis and to accelerate breeding programs. The most advanced knowledge regarding gene networks involved in root development has been obtained in the model dicotyledon plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. Understanding the mechanisms involved in regulation of gene expression is essential to predict the form and function of systems. Cis-acting elements are DNA regions that act as molecular switches involved in the regulation of transcription of dynamic gene network. Although often having only five to 20 bp in size, cis-acting elements are critical to the understanding of gene regulation. Knowledge of the cis-acting elements present in the promoter region of gene families, can contribute to the understanding of the expression regulatory systems of these genes and others, involved with the root system. The objective of this study is to identify the cisacting elements present in the upstream region of rice (Oryza sativa subsp japonica cv. Nipponbare) genes, similar to gene families Argonauta, Cullin and Ara in Arabidopsis thaliana. The promoter region of these rice gene families were investigated for the abundance of cis-acting elements. The sequences were analyzed using the software "Signal Scan Search" of the website "Plant Cis-acting Regulatory DNA Elements" (PLACE) to the identification of different cis-acting elements. It were detected 96 different cis-acting elements, and five of these, (GAREAT (TAACAAR), TGACGTVMAMY (TGACGT), CCAATBOX1 (CCAAT), LECPLEACS2 (TAAAATAT) e SV40COREENHAN (GTGGWWHG) were common to the gene families Argonauta, Cullin and Ara.


Due to the large bandwidth, low latency and computationally intensive features of virtual reality (VR) video applications, the current resource-constrained wireless and edge networks cannot meet the requirements of on-demand VR delivery. In this letter, we propose a joint horizontal and vertical collaboration architecture in multi-access edge computing (MEC)-enabled small-cell networks for downlink VR delivery. In the proposed architecture, multiple MEC servers can jointly provide VR head-mounted devices (HMDs) with edge caching and viewpoint computation services, i.e., horizontal collaboration (HC), while the caching and computation strategies can collaborate among vertical layers, i.e., vertical collaboration (VC). Power allocation at base stations (BSs) is considered in coordination with HC and VC of MEC servers to obtain lower end-to-end latency of VR delivery. A joint caching, power allocation and task offloading problem is then formulated. By exploiting the hidden monotonicity of the problem, a discrete branch-reduce-and-bound (DBRB) algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal solution efficiently. Simulation results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed architecture and algorithm in terms of existing ones.


Chemical bond, which makes molecules from independent atoms, is a very important concept in understanding the molecular behavior. Bond characterization is therefore becoming ever needed for predicting the physical and chemical properties of the molecule and the material. Combined experimental and molecular orbital calculation studies have been used for such purpose in terms of deformation density distribution, natural bond orbital analysis and the topological analysis on the total electron density. These analyses provide not only the distribution of density accumulation and density depletion, but also the information such as bond order, bond type etc. Atom domain in molecule or compound can be defined uniquely. Therefore the combined quantum mechanical calculation and high resolution X-ray crystallography studies will be extremely useful for characterizing the chemical bond precisely. Bonding in 3d-transition metal complexes is a major topic in coordination chemistry. The complexity of the 3d orbital splittings subjected in the ligand field is well known and this makes the bonding characterization more interesting and challenging. Charge density analysis on a series of Cr compounds, which contain a Cr-L multiple bond, will be presented. Detail characterization of Cr-nitrido, -oxo, -imido, -carbyne and -carbene bonds will be described. Metal squarates of late 3d transition elements have been investigated systematically. The valence shell charge concentration (VSCC) around metal ion will be demonstrated by the Laplacian topology, which provides the physical basis for the Lewis structure and valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR). The metal-metal bond is extremely important for metal clusters; the metal-metal quintuple bond is rare and a detail analysis will be described. Electronic configurations of the 3d metal ion play important role in coordination chemistry; taking the advantage of the x-ray absorption spectroscopy available in synchrotron radiation facility, the exact electronic configuration can be monitored. The great recent improvements on both experiment and theory have made the charge density analysis more accessible to even more complicated system, for example, the excited state or the meta-stable states.


THE INVENTION IS TO DRUG CONTAINING TIZANIDINE AND Paracetamol, AND POSSIBLY THE DIHYDROERGOTAMINE. THE MEDICINE CAN BE USED AS AN ANALGESIC.


Installation of an IBM 357 Data Collection System in circulation control appears warranted when: (1) shared .time is available on a computer; (2) most circulation is done from one point; and (3) more than $2,500 is being spent annually on filing, card pulling, and preparation of overdue notices. Questionnaires were sent to sixty medium-sized college and university libraries to determine how many institutions meet these prerequisites. Forty-two of forty-seven respondents have access to computers, twenty-three do all of their circulating of books from a single point, and thirty are spending more than $2,500 annually on circulation record-keeping. Thus, a majority ~f the libraries polled could feasibly make use of the system. . :


The SCID mouse is of particular interest as a model in immunotoxicology because of the possibility of reconstituting SCID mice with cells and tissues from the human immune system (as well as from the immune system of other species). Thus, ideally, a human immune system is available for experimentation in reconstituted SCID mice, whereas ethical concerns are limited to those of animal experimentation. Some limitations for the use of the SCID


BIOTIC INTERACTIONS can be classified according to the type of consequences upon the interacting organisms as negative, positive or neutral (Begon et al. 1986, Silvertown & Lovett-Doust 1993). In the case of interspecific interactions at the same trophic level, specifically plant-plant interactions, most of the emphasis has been placed on interactions such as competition, among the negative ones (Tilman 1982, Keddy 1989) and the nurse plant syndrome (Niering et al. 1963, Steenbergh & Lowe 1969), among the positive ones. However, another common type of plant-plant interaction in nature is that of epiphytism. (Here epiphytism is referred to as non-parasitic epiphytism, to distinguish it from that of haustorial hemior holo-parasitic plants such as the Loranthaceae.) Epiphytism has typically been regarded as a commensalism (Barbour et al. 1987, p. 133), given that the plant that supports the epiphyte (i.e. phorophyte sensu Benzing, 1990) is assumed not to be negatively affected by the latter, which in turn benefits from the physical support provided by the phorophyte (see Begon et al. 1986). Although there is suggestive evidence of some possible negative effects on phorophytes (reviewed by Benzing 1980, 1990), the phorophyte-epiphyte interaction has not been sufficiently researched to reach a conclusive view regarding the sign of such interaction. On the other hand, occupation of plants by lianas has been investigated in relation to their possible effect upon the supporting plant. In his pioneer experimental work, Stevens (1987) found that lianas growing on Bursera simaruba female trees reduced fruit production. This, coupled with the fact that lianas require physical contact with trees as a consequence of their growth form, led him to regard them as structural parasites. In this kind of plant-plant interaction the "parasite" has a negative effect on the host without extracting water or nutrients from its vascular system. In deserts and semideserts epiphytism upon shrubs, treelets, and cacti is relatively common (Mc-


Life-story interviews carried out in the Czech Republic confirm that the new business elite is dominated by men who had already achieved high managerial positions in the Communist era. More surprisingly, however, they also reveal a marked overrepresentation within this group of descendants of the national bourgeoisie that was expropriated when the Communists came to power in 1948. These `buoyant class' life stories show some of the ways in which children of bourgeois lineage were able to negotiate their way around the Communist regime's `class politics'. They also show how bourgeois family lineage can now be used as a resource for averting the potential moral stigma of a Communist-era senior executive career. The `buoyant class' appears to be a self-confident and significant component of the new Czech business elite.


ABSTRACT Despite of advances in computational methods for a variety of real-world problems, there is a lack of holistic educational approaches for developing Computational Thinking (CT) skills of students. The CT skills develop students' ability to design and implement solutions using information systems development process. This paper describes how a soft computing-based multi-faceted modelling approach for solving the interdisciplinary problem of community detection in social networks can be used for developing CT skills among students. We use Design Science Research (DSR) process to design the proposed educational framework. The proposed educational framework has been implemented using R programming environment. Evaluation and feedback of students who undertook a couple of sessions establish the viability of the proposed educational framework.


Compact U(1) lattice gauge theory in (2+1) dimensions is studied on anisotropic lattices using Standard Path Integral Monte Carlo techniques. We extract the static quark potential and the string tension from 1.0 <= Dtau <= 0.333 simulations at 1.0 <= beta <= 3.0. Estimating the actual value of the renormalization constant, (c = 44), we observe the evidence of scaling in the string tension for 1.4142 <= beta <= 2.5; with the asymptotic behaviour in the large-beta limit given by K sqrt(beta) = e^(-2.494 beta +2.29). Extrapolations are made to the extreme anisotropic or "Hamiltonian" limit, and comparisons are made with previous estimates obtained by various other methods in the Hamiltonian formulation.


Historically, DUKC® Systems have been recognised for the enormous economic benefits which are usually provided to waterway owners and users. However, increasing international recognition is being given to the significant benefits which dynamic determination of under keel clearance provides as a risk mitigation tool. While OMC has pioneered this tool for 17 years, leading international bodies such as PIANC and IALA are now developing guidelines and standards around dynamic UKC determination.


PURPOSE: To provide an electric drive additional device which makes a wheel chair easily pass through a curb and a similar obstacle, by comprising an electric motor as a driving device, and wheels for driving a wheelchair by the frictional contact with the ground. CONSTITUTION: An electric drive additional device comprises an electric motor 2, a speed reducer 4, and a driving wheel 6 for driving a wheelchair by the frictional contact with the ground. The motor 2, the speed reducer 4 and the driving wheel 6 are mounted on a carrier sleeve 22 provided with a projection 24 having plural holes, by the screws 28. The arms 42 and 42' can be folded from a completely opened condition to a folded condition, so that they permit the wheelchair to be folded in a condition that the mounting member 40 is located at a specific position. A position A where the driving device is lifted from the ground and the wheelchair is manually driven, as position B of the electric driving where the inclination angle of the mounting member is the sharpest with the general ground contact, and a position C of the electric driving where the wheelchair is kept into contact with the ground is such manner that it can creep up or down to a curb and a similar obstacle, can be selected. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


Background: Orthopaedic surgery is among the most competitive specialties available to medical students in the Match and away rotations have proven essential for improving the chance of matching. Many programs utilize the centralized Visiting Student Application Service (VSAS) to accept applications; however, participation is variable and programs may have additional requirements outside of the VSAS application. Methods: All ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) orthopaedic surgery residency programs accepting applications for away rotations in 2016 (n=158) were identified using the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) of the American Medical Association (AMA). Application requirements were recorded for all programs as found within the VSAS application portal and program maintained websites. Programs affiliated with the military were excluded (n=8). Results: Of the 150 programs, 124 (83%) accepted applications using VSAS. Programs that participate in VSAS require the main components pre-listed within the application more consistently than non-VSAS schools: photo (VSAS: 95%, non-VSAS: 35%, p<0.001), CV (VSAS: 86%, non-VSAS: 38%, p<0.001), transcript (VSAS: 93%, non-VSAS: 38%, p<0.001), and immunization form (VSAS: 93%, non-VSAS: 81%, p=0.056).


This article presents a magnet-induced buckled-beam piezoelectric generator developed for broadband vibration-based energy harvesting at low frequencies (<60 Hz) and small excitations (<0.5g). The harvester is made of a clamped–clamped piezoelectric beam, with one end movable and subjected to a magnet-induced compressive force. Due to the magnetic force, the beam becomes buckled and bistable. The harvester works as a double-well potential oscillator under excitations, where large-amplitude inter-well oscillation is produced to enhance the energy harvesting functionality. Numerical simulations show that the proposed harvester exhibits strong nonlinearities under harmonic excitations, including snap-through motions, large-amplitude voltage outputs, and broad frequency bandwidth. A prototype harvester is fabricated and experimentally investigated to confirm the findings from numerical simulations. It is observed that for a small base excitation of 0.35g, the harvester can produce a broad frequency bandwidth of 25.0 Hz (24.0–49.0 Hz) to constantly trigger inter-well snap-through motions and to maintain a peak-to-peak voltage of >10 V over a 1.3 MΩ load resistor. For a relatively larger base excitation of 0.5g, such a frequency bandwidth can be further widened to 29.5 Hz.


Private sector investment in infrastructures in the Government General Infrastructures Plan (the Plan) is estimated to be in the order of 21,600 m Euro at the expiration of the 2000-2007 term. The Department of Public Works and Development of the European Commission (EC) plans to contribute about 9,000 Euro to the Plan which will coordinate different key aspects such as budgetary and macroeconomic stability and the compliance with policy intended to avoid negative economic cycles. The paper looks at some possible novel cooperation mechanisms that would incorporate not only a wide range of investment potentials through different financial entities but also some money from personal savings.


Deep deposits of hydrocarbons, including varied reservoirs of petroleum and natural gas, represent the most economically important component of the deep carbon cycle. Yet despite their intensive study and exploitation for more than a century, details of the origins of some deep hydrocarbons remain a matter of vocal debate in some scientific circles. This long and continuing history of controversy may surprise some readers, for the biogenic origins of "fossil fuels"—a principle buttressed by a vast primary scientific literature and established as textbook orthodoxy in North America and many other parts of the world—might appear to be settled fact. Nevertheless, conventional wisdom continues to be challenged by some scientists.

The principal objectives of this chapter are: (1) to review the overwhelming evidence for the biogenic origins of most known deep hydrocarbon reservoirs; (2) to present equally persuasive experimental, theoretical, and field evidence, which indicates that components of some deep hydrocarbon deposits appear to have an abiotic origin; and (3) to suggest future studies that might help to achieve a more nuanced resolution of this sometimes polarized topic.

### Types of hydrocarbons

Deep hydrocarbons include a rich diversity of organic chemical compounds in the form of petroleum deposits, including oil and gas in various reservoirs, bitumen in oil sands, coal and clathrate hydrates. The major gaseous hydrocarbons are the alkanes methane (natural gas, CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10). Liquid components of petroleum include a complex mixture primarily of linear and cyclic hydrocarbons from C5 to C17, as well as numerous other molecular species, while solid hydrocarbons include such broad categories as paraffin waxes (typically from C18 to C40). In addition, mature coal deposits sometimes hold a suite of unusual pure crystalline hydrocarbon phases and other organic minerals …


Quantitative real time PCR, recently developed in molecular biology, is applied in this paper to quantify the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in infected shrimp tissue. The WSSV content in moribund shrimp of all species tested (Penaeus stylirostris, P. monodon, P. vannamei) ranged from 2.0 × 104 to 9.0 × 1010 WSSV copies μg–1 of total DNA (n=26). In whole moribund post-larvae, 4.3 × 109 WSSV copies μg–1 of DNA were detected which is equivalent to 5.7 × 1010 WSSV copies g–1 of post-larvae. The comparison of WSSV content between different tissues showed that muscle and hepatopancreas tissues contained 10 times less virus than gills, pleopods and haemolymph. With inocula of known virus content, bioassays by immersion challenge showed that a minimum of five logs of WSSV copies was necessary to establish disease in the challenged shrimp. In contrast, five logs of WSSV copies injected into shrimp muscle produced a LT-50 of 52 h. This real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is sensitive (four copies), specific (negative with DNA from shrimp baculoviruses and parvoviruses), dynamic (seven logs) and easy to perform (96 tests in <4 h).


A new method for preparation of DNA template for PCR assay of transgenic plants was established by treating leaves with lipase,protease K and complex enzyme and was demonstrated in transgenic rape and rice.The optimun concentration of three enzymes was 0.1 mg/ml and the appropriate leaf area was 1-2 cm~2.With advantages of simplicity in operation,high stability and high reliability,the new method could be used for DNA template preparation of a large quantity of transformed or transgenic progeny plants.


We present new optical observations of V1408 Aql (= 4U 1957+115), the only low mass X-ray binary, black hole candidate known to be in a persistently soft state. We combine new broadband optical photometry with previously published data and derive a precise orbital ephemeris. The optical light curves display sinusoidal variations modulated on the orbital period as well as large night to night changes in mean intensity. The amplitude of the variations increases with mean intensity while maintaining sinusoidal shape. Considering the set of constraints placed by the X-ray and optical data we argue that V1408 Aql may harbor a very low mass black hole. Optical light curves of UW CrB display partial eclipses of the accretion disk by the donor star that vary both in depth and orbital phase. The new eclipses of UW CrB in conjunction with published eclipse timings are well fitted with a linear ephemeris. We derive an upper limit to the rate of change of the orbital period. By including the newly observed type I bursts with published bursts in our analysis, we find that optical bursts are not observed between orbital phases 0.93 and 0.07, i.e. they are not observable during partial eclipses of the disk.


ADNOC Sustainability Strategy targets to reduce Green House Gas Intensity by 25% in year 2030. With the aim to support this initiative, ADNOC Gas Processing has initiated a project to utilize waste energy from SRU Incinerator stack exhaust to generate High Pressure Steam and reduce fuel consumption in the existing facility boilers. The Waste Heat Recovery project is considered as a major contributor to ADNOC Gas Processing Decarbonization road map.
 ADNOC Gas Processing operates gas processing plants which are complemented by Sulphur Recovery Units (SRUs), to extract Sulphur product from sour gas impurities like H2S. The effluent tail gas from the SRUs is incinerated to reduce release of remaining acid gas components to atmosphere. The high temperature of the Incinerator stack exhaust offers an attractive option for heat recovery. Feasibility Study assures the potential of extraction of the waste heat from the SRU Incinerators for power and / or steam generation.
 Various options were explored during feasibility stage to utilize the extracted waste heat: Steam production,Electric Power generation andCombined Steam / Power generation.
 For steam production configurations of water tube boiler and fired tube boiler were evaluated. Also, for power generation, Organic Rankine Cycle and back pressure steam turbines were checked.
 Feedback from reputed suppliers were considered during the feasibility study. Locations for the new units were studied. Utility requirements were evaluated and tie-in locations with existing system were identified. Based on the feasibility study, steam generation was technically and economically viable option. The power generation option was not found favorable for further evaluation. Accordingly, conceptual design for new Waste Heat Recovery Unit for steam generation using exhaust gases from SRU Incinerator stacks has been proceeded with by ADNOC Gas Processing.


A change in relaxation times has been determined in skin tissues after administration of hyaluramine, by means of nuclear magnetic resonance. Results are discussed in terms of water redistribution between the free and bound compartment.


1,8-Diaminonaphthalene reacts selectively with 1 equiv. of 9-BBN to
form a bridging amine–aminoborane, and with 2 equiv. of 9-BBN to
form a non-bridging bis(aminoborane); these aminoboranes give rise to a
novel diaminoborate (4e,1-) ligand system by reactions with
dimethylamides of titanium and zirconium.


A copper/Bronsted acid dual-catalyst promoted oxidative cross-dehydrogenative-coupling of alkylazaarenes and tertiary amines for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation was developed. This method uses dioxygen as the terminal oxidant under mild reaction conditions and would provide a convenient benzylic C–H transformation of alkylazaarenes to biologically active pharmaceutics.


The emergence of IMS (IP multimedia subsystem) and DLNA (digital living network alliance) using SIP (session initiation protocol) has major ramifications for the whole of mobile industry including network providers, end users and application developers. This paper focuses on the evolution of mobile applications to provide new services with respect to DLNA connecting IMS platform on the operator end. Our proposed system architecture for various uses cases discussed in this paper uses SIP as a core protocol in order to transmit messages for information exchange between network appliances within and outside of the home network. Our architecture leverages the existing DLNA & 3GPP standards, adding value by enabling the combination of software components and by implementing additional functions to work together. Our designed software modules can be deployed in different ways, partly depending on the use cases and partly depending on how the solutions are implemented. Moreover, we have given more emphasis on SIP's numerous applications and the evaluation of these enhanced services by means of prototyping is a topic of ongoing and future work.


Objective: To explore the roles of drugs quantitative management played in hospital drugstore.Method: Based on drugs quantitative management,stock-taking efficiency,error rate of stock-taking and coincidence rate of account and things were compared before and after the implementation.Result: After carrying out quantitative management,stock-taking efficiency and error rate of stock-taking in the drugstore after implementing were superior to that before implementing remarkably,the differences showed statistical meaning(P0.01);coincidence rate of account and things after the implementation was higher than that before the implementation,the difference demonstrated statistical meaning(P0.05).Conclusion: Quantitative management plays a key role in hospital drugstore and fully improves the quality of management,helpful to the implementation of drug management standardization.


A previously reported method for locating saddle points on multidimensional surfaces by a combination of aspects of the conjugate gradients method and the quasi‐Newton minimization method is now described with modifications to make it more robust. A number of model potentials from the literature and some ab initio molecular potential energy surfaces are used for test and comparison purposes.


A symmetric tandem mirror plugging a long central cell, with plugs stabilized by a hot‐component plasma is considered. The system is taken to have a flat pressure profile with a steep edge gradient. The interaction of the precessional mode with Alfven waves generated in the central cell is then considered. This analysis is noneikonal and is valid when mΔ/r<1 (m is the azimuthal mode number, r the plasma radius, and Δ the radial gradient scale length) for long‐wavelength radial modes. Without finite‐Larmor‐radius (FLR) effects the precessional mode is always destabilized by the excitation of the Alfven waves for m≥2. For m=1, it is possible to achieve stabilization with conducting walls. A discussion is given of how FLR affects stabilization of the m≥2 long‐wavelength modes and of FLR stabilization of modes described in the eikonal approximation.


The routine inspection of facilities storing large numbers of identical items is modeled as a two‐person, sequential game. Timely detection of illegal activity is parameterized in terms of a critical time to detection, and equilibria are derived which provide inspection strategies. Necessary conditions for deterrence of illegal behavior are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 496–505, 2001


Results of research of influence of carbon black mechanical activation on properties of rubbers based on butadiene-nitrile rubber BNR-18AMN are presented. The influence of mechanical activation of carbon black on technological properties of rubber mix was research. It is shown that mechanical activation of carbon black allows to receive rubber with high physical and mechanical properties. The best activation time of carbon black allowed to receive rubber with improved property was established.


SYNOPSIS

A new genus of Hippoboscidae is erected for a new species from Madagascar, both sexes of which are described. A key for the separation of the new genus is included. The relationship of the new genus to Allobosca, for which additional characters are given, is discussed.


This paper introduces a kind of greenhouse microclimate intelligent control system which is based on embedded technology; the system will monitor and control the house round-the-clock, and the objects for greenhouse can be temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, light intensity and other functions expansion. Aim at saving costs of production, and developing green agricultural.


To assist the transition of students from high school to the challenges of college level engineering courses, The Citadel developed a math review program to retain more engineering students. Students who initially selected one of the engineering majors were tempted to change majors early due to difficulties encountered in non-engineering courses such as math. Recent years had higher enrollments than what was expected in engineering. The challenge was to provide appropriate levels of support and curriculum engagement to help students be successful and retain them in the engineering programs. For the past two years, the School of Engineering conducted a variation of Math Review sessions at the pre-calculus level during the first few weeks of the fall term. Engineering faculty conducted one-hour math review sessions in the evenings. The sessions were designed to be active learning sessions where instructors worked example problems followed by students working problems on the board and discussing the solutions. With some documented success in grade improvement and retention rates in the math review conducted by engineering faculty, the Math Department created a math review program modeled after the School of Engineering's. Prior to the current school year, freshman math courses met four times weekly. The new Math Review scheduled a math work session each week for one hour in freshman math courses. Math instructors were free to use the extra hour meeting time to work problems or they include shorter problem solving sessions throughout the week. The objectives of this paper are to explain this initiative, to assess the first year program results quantitatively and qualitatively through grades, retention data and surveys, and to discuss the future potential of the program. Index Terms – Math Preparation, Freshmen Engineering, Freshman Retention


The analysis of spontaneous Atrial Fibrillation (paroxysmal AF) termination or maintenance could avoid unnecessary therapy and contribute to take the appropriate decisions on its management. The aim of this work is to study if an AF episode terminates spontaneously or not by analyzing the increase of atrial activity (AA) organization prior to AF termination. The organization varies as a consequence of the decrease in the number of reentries into the atrial tissue. The analysis was carried out noninvasively through the use of surface electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. Sample entropy (SampEn) was selected as non-linear organization index. It was observed that noise and ventricular residues degrade AA organization estimation performance, therefore the use of selective filtering to get the main atrial wave (MAW) was necessary. Using the MAW organization analysis, that is the signal produced by the fundamental atrial waveform, 46 out of 50 of the terminating and non-terminating analyzed AF episodes were correctly classified (92%). Therefore, this method can provide a clear benefit for patients, doctors and health systems, since it avoids useless therapeutic intervention and minimises the risks for the patients.


Introduction In addition to ejaculated and epididymal spermatozoa, testicular sperm are potential alternative genetic materials subjected to produce future offspring (1). The success in harvesting of good quality germplasm depends on several factors. In wild life species habitat in distance area, storage time of reproductive organs after post-mortem is considered as an important factor affecting gamete quality. Wild animal species are commonly found unexpectedly died in field locations. This study aimed to investigate effects of storage time and temperature on extracted testicular sperm quality of the domestic cat as a model for wild felids.


Objective To study the chemical constituents of volatile oils from Kaempferia galanga L.in fresh and dried characters and provide the theoretical evidence for its quality control.Methods The volatile oils were extracted by supercritical fluid method and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The relative contents of the separated components were determined by normalization method in area.Results The volatile oils from Kaempferia galanga L.with various characters had a little difference in constituents and 28 and 31 of compounds were identified respectively.Both of them contain high quantities of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate,pentadecane,and ethyl cinnamate.Conclusion The ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate determined by GC-MS method can be used as one quick,reliable and repeated approach for evaluation the quality of Kaempferia galanga L.


Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) has gained notable attention and interest both in batch and automatic mode utilizing advanced sol-gel derived microextraction sorbents and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties of fabric substrates. Recently, the innovative on-line fabric disk sorptive extraction (FDSE) has opened new opportunities in the field of automatic sample preparation (preconcentration/separation). A novel sol-gel sorbent based on caprolactone-dimethylsiloxane-caprolactone block polymer comprised of a non-polar dimethylsiloxane and hydrophilic caprolactone as a coating on hydrophobic polyester fabric substrate and its evaluation in an automatic FDSE system coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), is presented for the first time. The capabilities of the proposed flow injection system were assessed for trace Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) determination in urine samples. The method was based on the on-line formation of target analytes with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) and their retention onto the surface of the fabric disk medium. Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) was used to elute metal–APDC complexes directly into the nebulizer-burner system of FAAS. For 90 s of preconcentration time, enhancement factors of 250, 130, 185, and 36 and detection limits (3 s) of 0.15, 0.41, 1.62, and 0.49 μg L−1 were obtained for Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II), respectively. For 30 s of preconcentration time, an enhancement factor of 49 and a detection limit of 0.12 μg L−1 was achieved for Zn(II) determination. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was lower than 3.5% for all metals. The accuracy of the proposed method was sufficient and evaluated by analyzing certified reference materials and biological samples.


Our thesis provides an analysis of consumer preferences for green products that have the specificity to mix private characteristics with environmental ones. Our work provides insights on how consumers may contribute to environmental protection by their purchase decisions and addresses the question of the empirical measure of consurmers' values. Chapter 1 presents the main theoretical concepts providing tools to study the green consumption phenomenon. Chapter 2 discusses the methodologies used to elicit consumer values in the empirical analysis of preferences. Chapter 3 is an experimental study of consumer preferences for products deriving from a remanufacturing process. An experimental auction mechanism shows that consumers' willingness to pay for a remanufactured camera result from important tradeoffs between its environmental and quality attributes. Consumers nevertheless express environmental preferences by undervaluing, or even boycotting, a conventional - brand new - and thus more polluting product. Chapter 4 explores consumers' choices for roses associated with two independant environmental characteristics : an environmental certification of environment-friendly cultivation practices and a carbon footprint indicator. We implement a real choice experiment for a non food product whose consumption cannot bring any sanitary benefit to the consumer. Not driven by any private motives related to possible health benefits, consumers nevertheless exhibit positive willingness to pay for both environmental attributes of the roses. Our results give strength to the hypothesis of altruistic motivations in consumers' choices for green products


In this paper, we propose a novel ultra-wideband planar inverse-F antenna (PIFA) using periodic metal patches ground plane. By applying the capacitive compensation for the input impedance of the PIFA in higher frequencies, the proposed PIFA has a working frequency band from 2.3 GHz to 9.0 GHz. The effect of geometric parameters of the periodic metal patches and antenna height on antenna performance is analyzed. Simulation results show that radiation pattern in free space and gain of the proposed antenna also meet the demands of the broadband wireless communication terminals.


A GRABS B TO USE as a shield; A forces B to stand in front of him, and compels him to walk wherever A wishes. A then hunts C in order to murder the latter by shooting him. C also has a gun. Is it legally permissible for C to shoot at A in self defense under libertarian law? Were C to do so he would have to kill B, the innocent shield, in order to defend himself against the perpetrator, A. Assume that this tableau takes place on unowned property, so that the issue of the owner's rules does not come into play. The first answer that comes to mind is that it is not. After all, B is a completely innocent person, and, seemingly, the non aggression axiom of libertarianism was meant to apply to cases precisely like this one. This axiom states that it is illicit to initiate aggression against any non aggressor, and B, by stipulation, is a non aggressor. There are no exceptions to this general rule. Thus, it is difficult to see how C shooting B to get to A can be reconciled with libertarianism. This perspective is buttressed by the following assumption. Posit that B has a guardian angel floating just above him at all times. This heavenly creature is also armed. For some reason he is powerless against A, the real bad guy, but stands ready to plug anyone else, such as C, should the latter prove to be any threat to his client, B. It would appear from these considerations that C, another entirely innocent person, is doomed, at least under libertarian law. If C cannot shoot back at A, A will murder C.


MARVIN ALISKY is an assistant professor of Radio-TV and Journalism and news director of Radio-TV Service at Indiana University. He also does a news commentary on WTTV. Mr. Alisky has previously published on Latin-American broadcasting in various learned journals. The following article is a follow-up of his "Mexico's Rural Radio" (Quarterly, Summer, 1954) and is a continuation of his personal research into various aspects of Latin-American mass media.


We discuss the frequency of desynchronization events in power grids for realistic data input. We focus on the role of time correlations in the fluctuating power production and propose a new method for implementing colored noise that reproduces non-Gaussian data by means of cumulants of data increment distributions. Our desynchronization events are caused by overloads. We extend known and propose different methods of dimensional reduction to considerably reduce the high-dimensional phase space and to predict the rare desynchronization events with reasonable computational costs. The first method splits the system into two areas, connected by heavily loaded lines, and treats each area as a single node. The second method considers a separation of the timescales of power fluctuations and phase angle dynamics and completely disregards the latter. The fact that this separation turns out to be justified, albeit only to exponential accuracy in the strength of fluctuations, means that the number of rare events does not sensitively depend on inertia or damping for realistic heterogeneous parameters and long correlation times. Neither does the number of desynchronization events automatically increase with non-Gaussian fluctuations in the power production as one might have expected. On the other hand, the analytical expressions for the average time to desynchronization depend sensitively on the finite correlation time of the fluctuating power input.


Shadows in images can degrade the performance of many applications. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-level feature-aware network, called TransShadow, which uses Transformer to capture both local and global context from a single image for shadow detection. Specifically, we design a multi-level feature-aware module, where multi-level features are selected and processed by the Transformer to distinguish shadowed and non-shadowed regions. To further utilize the remaining feature levels, progressive upsampling with skip connections is proposed to fuse more information for shadow detection. Experimental results show that our approach achieves comparative performance as the state-of-the-art method on benchmark datasets SBU and ISTD with the smallest model size and fastest inference speed. More importantly, our model shows the best generalization performance on the benchmark dataset UCF.


Parameter estimation is an important part in the modeling of a hydro-turbine regulation system (HTRS), and the results determine the final accuracy of a model. A hydro-turbine is normally a non-minimum phase system with strong nonlinearity and time-varying parameters. For the parameter estimation of such a nonlinear system, heuristic algorithms are more advantageous than traditional mathematical methods. However, most heuristics based algorithms and their improved versions are not adaptive, which means that the appropriate parameters of an algorithm need to be manually found to keep the algorithm performing optimally in solving similar problems. To solve this problem, an adaptive fuzzy particle swarm optimization (AFPSO) algorithm that dynamically tunes the parameters according to model error is proposed and applied to the parameter estimation of the HTRS. The simulation studies show that the proposed AFPSO contributes to lower model error and higher identification accuracy compared with some traditional heuristic algorithms. Importantly, it avoids a possible deterioration in the performance of an algorithm caused by inappropriate parameter selection.


In recent years, psychology has been rocked by the findings from a series of large scale studies in which classic, and even textbook, findings have failed to replicate. This 'replication crisis,' has lead to damaged careers and thrown who subfields of study into doubt. In part because the stakes are so high, a number of authors have pushed back on the notion that psychology is in fact in crisis, instead suggesting that failed replications may be due to unknown 'moderator' variables that vary between labs. Despite the intuitive appeal of this argument, relatively few examples exist where a failed replication has been 'explained away' in this manner. Here we present such a case in which a replication failed and through further analysis and a follow-up experiment we discovered a previously unknown moderator variable with high impact on the phenomenon we have been studying. More specifically, the phenomenon is the 'exploration': exploring unknown options in search of information, and the moderator variable is 'acting' to obtain information versus passively receiving it. Moreover, we show that by switching between active and passive versions of the task during a single session, we can turn on and turn off the effect within subject. While this single finding hardly settles the replication debate, it illustrates the point that, as with any experiment, the results of a "failed" replication must be interpreted with care.


The conversion of ketones into geminal bis(difluoramines) can be achieved under mild two-phase reaction conditions by employing triphenylmethyldifluoramine as an in situ source of difluoramine.


A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antagonist of BSSL and a carrier or excipient for use in the prevention, prophylaxis and / or treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, wherein the antagonist BSSL is (i) an antibody or a fragment antibody that specifically binds to human BSSL, or (ii) a molecule or an antisense RNAi polynucleotide comprising a sequence complementary to a portion of a polynucleotide sequence for human BSSL coding or a sequence complementary thereto.


Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of binary liquid mixtures of diethyl oxalate (DEO) with four ketones (acetophenone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and 3-pentanone) were determined over the complete concentration range at (303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K. The experimental values of mixtures and pure liquids have been used to calculate the excess molar volumes, deviations in viscosity, and deviations in molar refractions. These excess or deviation properties were fitted to the Redlich−Kister type equation. The refractive index and density values of the mixtures were used to test the accuracy of some of the available refractive index mixing relationships in predicting the binary refractive index data. Viscosity results were also analyzed by using the McAllister four-body interaction model to correlate the kinematic viscosities of binary liquid mixtures.


I got pregnant at 38, not long after obtaining a permanent research position. Until that time, I had been a free and adventurous soul, working long hours and traveling frequently for my research on aquatic cyanobacteria. During the last 3 years of my Ph.D., I spent the summers in a lab in the United


Photodecomposition in aqueous solution of 3,5-dichloro-N-(3-methyl-1-butyn-3-yl)benzamide, whose popular name is propyzamide, was investigated using naked TiO2 and TiO2-loaded adsorbent supports as photocatalysts. The adsorbent supports used were zeolite (mordenite), silica, and activated carbon. The use of adsorbent supports was found to enhance the rate of mineralization of propyzamide and to reduce the concentration of solution-phase intermediates. The experimental results suggest that the adsorbent support concentrates a target substrate of low solution-phase concentration on its surface, providing the substrate-rich environment at the adsorbent/TiO2 interface. This concentration effect results in an enhanced rate of propyzamide mineralization. The intermediates are also retained on the adsorbent support and subsequently decomposed, thereby reducing the concentration of possibly toxic intermediates in the bulk solution.


The international Water Loss 2009 Conference took place in Cape Town between 26 and 30 April. It was attended by a record 60 countries at the Cape Sun where they discussed developments, techniques and applications such as water-loss management, leakage reduction and control, and how to improve metering to consumers. The conference was hosted in Africa to address the need for the improvement of water infrastructure on the continent.


The advent of helical CT (computed tomography) has greatly enhanced the diagnostic armamentarium of the radiologist in both the detection and characterization of thoracic pathology. Introduced into clinical practice in 1989, spiral CT has already altered the basic concepts of routine CT scanning of thorax. The advantages of helical CT are consequent to the nature of the technique, which entails the acquisition of volumetric data during a single breath hold (1,2). This results in elimination of respiratory misregistration which occurs in conventional incremental scanning. Moreover the examination time of the entire chest is dramatically reduced to a single breath hold of 30-35 seconds. The shorter scan time results in reduction of volume of intravenous contrast requirement. These advantages of Spiral CT result in improved detection and characterization of lesions, improved multiplanar and 3-D imaging and excellent evaluation of vascular pathologies (CT angiography).


Objective To review the effectiveness of arthroscopic debridement and tuberoplasty for the irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in the elder patients. Methods The articles that focused on the treatment for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears were reviewed, and the results of arthroscopic debridement and tuberoplasty for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in the elder patients were summarized. Among consecutive patients who had arthroscopic tuberoplasty for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in our study, 32 patients available to clinical and radiological evaluation at a mean follow-up of 29 months(range, 13 to 52 months) were reviewed for the analysis. Results At last follow-up, the range of motion increased significantly with excellent pain relief and improvement in the ability to the daily motion. However, the group with acromio-humeral gaps less than 2 mm before operation had unfavourable prognosis. Conclusion Arthroscopic debridement and tuberoplasty may be an alternative option in irreparable massive rotator cuff tears for pain relief and improvement of range of motion. However, good results would be expected if the acromio-humeral gaps is greater than 2 mm and the preoperative range of motion is over 90degrees on flexion and abduction.


This study was performed to evaluate the results of 14 years of application of Ilizarov
method in treatment of infected non-unions of tibia and femur in patients with severe trauma and battlefield wounds. Seventeen patients with long bone nonunion (14 were with infected nonunion of tibia out of whom two were associated with tibial bone defects and 3 with infected non-union of femur) were admitted for the study. After preliminary debridement (in infected cases with draining fistulae) and preparation for external fixation, ring fixator was introduced and compression alone or compression and distraction (in atrophic non-unions) were enforced on fragments to induce union. Bone transfer was
used in cases with bone defects. All cases resulted in complete union and had infection controlled. The mean time of union was 8 months in tibial infected non-unions and 10 months in infected femoral nonunions. In cases with bone defects, the mean union time was 12 months. In selected cases of infected tibial and femoral non-union, Ilizarov is an efficient method of treatment, especially with bone transfer in cases with bone defects. The application of this method in battle-field wounds has resulted in noticeable outcomes. Patient's tolerance was low in cases of femoral Ilizarov, but this is the method of
choice for tibial infected non-unions, taking into account the lack of the need for long-term antibiotic use


: Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at very substantial risk of cardiovascular disease, and most will succumb to complications from premature coronary artery events. At the same time, the diabetic myocardium undergoes unique phenotypic alterations as a consequence of multiple structural and cellular injuries, which together form "diabetic cardiomyopathy." Attempts to curb risk through intensive modulation of glycemia and blood pressure have proven disappointing in preventing cardiovascular events, and potentially even dangerous. Conversely, prior to development of disease, there appears to be a linear relationship between risk parameters and events. These observations are likely the consequence of widespread vascular damage, which is present at the point that glycemic thresholds meet diagnostic criteria for diabetes. This is particularly true of the microcirculation. Interventions at the prediabetic stage have been consistent with this, where early intensive risk-factor modulation has been successful in preventing events and even regressing existing risk. Upstream, the force driving these pathologies is being overweight and obesity. High-risk individuals can be identified through simple body mass parameters, with confirmation of prediabetes/metabolic syndrome with further assessment of other metabolic parameters such as glucose and lipids. A number of novel pharmacotherapies may prove beneficial at this stage, and incretin-based therapies appear particularly promising in this respect. Similarly, bariatric procedures have shown remarkable improvements in metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes, but are clearly unsuitable as a population-wide strategy. Therapeutic lifestyle change and diet have consistently shown efficacy in reversing dysglycemia, lowering blood pressure, and optimizing cholesterol profiles. However, the longevity of these improvements is often limited, and alternative approaches therefore need to be considered. With an evolving and increasingly sophisticated evidence base for nutritional interventions, there is a clear window of opportunity to rescue these individuals from the clinical sequelae of diabetes and consequent cardiovascular complications.


A bstract— Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the application of BIM (building information model) technology in the engineering field. Most well-known domestic and Design Institute to establish a BIM team. Meanwhile, many large-scale projects also incorporate BIM technology for construction and management, This technology is the construction industry led to a major change. The impact of BIM technology on the cost consulting industry in China is still in the embryonic stage. But with the continuous improvement and development of BIM Technology, it will gradually be involved in the whole life cycle of the project. Including the design, budget, construction and post evaluation stage, This article will be focused on the impact of BIM technology innovation and engineering cost fields were discussed and analyzed.


Developing cultural industries under the urban and rural overall vision is an important assignment for Dezhou city.The article analyzes the characters,the advantages of urban and rural cultural resources and the current situation of cultural industries,puts forward some concrete suggests and measures to explore and use Dezhou cultural resources in order to develop culture industries for the urban and rural common property.


The fluid surface forcing control system applied on counter pressure casting is built based on the combined digital valve as the main flow control component. Its control algorithm and the factors which have the effects on the control precision have also been studied. The results have been shown that the response velocity and control precision of the system were increased apparently with the application of the digital valve and the main factors which affect the control precision and response speed are the digital and control algorithm.


Results on the inclusive reaction pi /sup +/p yields DELTA /sup ++/ + X/sup 0/at 8, 16, and 23 GeV/c are used for quantitative tests of the triple Regge formula. As predicted, the slopes of the missing mass (M) spectra at fixed t are independent of s. Furthermore the trajectory alpha (t) obtained from the s- dependence at fixed M appears consistent with that obtained from the s-dependence at fixed s. However, the sting that no single triple Regge diagram dominates at the M and s values studied in this reaction. Provided such a t-dependence is allowed, a single term triple Regge formula gives a very satisfactory parametrization of our data. (auth)


, Abstract Background— The repair of rotator cuff tears is often complicated by fatty degeneration, which is the combination of lipid accumulation, fibrosis, inflammation and muscle weakness. p38 MAPK is a signaling molecule that plays a central role in these processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a small molecule inhibitor of p38 MAPK, SB203580, in reducing fatty degeneration in a preclinical model of rotator cuff injury and repair. Methods— Adult rats underwent a bilateral supraspinatus tenotomy that was repaired 30 days later. Rats were treated with SB203580 or vehicle every 2 days with injections beginning 3 days prior to surgery, and continued until 7 days after surgery. Two weeks after surgical repair muscles were analyzed using histology, lipid profiling, gene expression and permeabilized muscle fiber contractility. Results— Inhibition of p38 MAPK resulted in a nearly 49% reduction in fat accumulation and a 29% reduction in collagen content, along with changes in corresponding genes regulating adipogenesis and matrix accumulation. There was also a marked 40–80% decrease in the expression of several proinflammatory genes, including IL1 β , IL6 and COX2, and a 360% increase in the antiinflammatory gene IL10. No differences were observed for muscle fiber force production. Conclusion— Inhibition of p38 MAPK was found to have a significant decrease in intramuscular lipid accumulation and fibrosis that is usually seen in the degenerative cascade of rotator cuff tears, without having negative effects on the contractile properties of the rotator cuff


At White Elementary School in Tucson, Arizona, gifted children had an exciting opportunity to participate in a summer program in which Discovering Intellectual Strengths and Capabilities while Observing Varied Ethnic Responses (DISCOVER) was combined with Thinking Actively in a Social Context (TASC). DISCOVER provided the framework for defining open-ended and structured problems and exploration of multiple ability areas while TASC provided the framework for guiding the problem solving process.


The automotive lighting technology is in considerable progress due to new components, e.g., High-Power-LEDs and light guides, and new sophisticated production techniques. Furthermore, great importance is being attached to the appearance of front and tail lamps. White High-Power-LEDs have reached a development stage that affords its reasonable application to low beam headlamps. This challenging illumination function requires sophisticated design techniques in order to preserve the advantages associated with this source type. Thus, high efficiency and stylish appearance have to be reconciled, e.g., with the use of freeform surfaces. Beside the demands from manufacturers and customers, car lamps have to meet several regulations (ECE, SAE, etc.). This contribution describes the illumination design of a LED-based low beam headlamp using advanced mathematical methods, e.g., 3D-Tailoring, automatic optimization, and Virtually Reflecting/Refracting Surfaces (VRS). We propose this new surface type with non conventional reflection/refraction properties as an advantageous design tool for the first layout and for automatic optimization, as well. For efficiency reasons, special attention will be paid to the creation of the cut-off line without using additional stops.


【Objective】To stimulate and predict suspension speed of notoginseng seed particle swarm,and to provide a reference for simulating gas-solid two-phase flow. 【Method】The suspension speeds of seed particles swarm were surveyed by the PS-20 material floating speed test bed. Bench test were stimulated by coupling discrete element method with computation fluid mechanics,and the influences of seed particle swarm volume fraction on the flow field were stimulated. The suspension speed analog values under different volume fractions were validated using the pulanuofusiji modified formula. 【Result】Volume fractions of seed particle swarm had significant effects on flow field. When the particle volume fraction was zero,the seed particle swarm suspension speeds ranged from 7. 14 to 9. 32 m·s- 1and the mean value was 8. 23 m·s- 1,while simulation speeds ranged from 7. 08 to 9. 30 m·s- 1and average of 8. 19m·s- 1. When particles volume fractions were 2. 58%,3. 87%,5. 16% and 7. 74%,the simulation results were 8. 52,8. 72,8. 96 and 9. 46 m·s- 1respectively,while the theoretical calculated values were8. 53,8. 79,9. 06 and 9. 71 m·s- 1respectively with the maximum error of 2. 6%. 【Conclusion】The particle swarm suspension speed predicted model can be built using stimulated technology when particles volume fraction is below 9. 03%. The particle swarm suspension speeds under different volume fractionscan be predicted by coupling discrete element method with computation fluid mechanics.


This paper proposes a dynamic routing optimal model in IP over WDM optical networks,on which the layered graph is based and the cost of total lightpaths could be minimized.Therefore,a corresponding on-line integrated rou- ting algorithm minimizing the Cost of Total Lightpaths(MCTLP)is designed accordingly.MCTLP optimizes the net- work resource utilization by integrally assigning bandwidth allocations on both IP logic layer and wavelength links usage on WDM optical physical layer.The performance comparison of MCTLP with two representative routing algorithms used in IP over WDM networks via simulation shows that MCTLP can use less links on IP logic layer and WDM physi- cal layer to carry IP traffic flows,resulting in accepting more connection requests and reducing the traffic blocking probability efficiently.


Performance management systems (PMSs) developed for the business sector, have now been taken into use also in the public sector. The spread of PMSs have directed researchers' attention to understanding, defining and measuring of performance in public organizations. The judgements of organizational performance highly depends on expectations of key stakeholders. This paper identifies these stakeholders in the Hungarian health care system and examines their performance requirements in Hungarian hospitals. According to our research data, Hungarian hospitals meet very heterogenous, multifaceted performance requirements, and they have explicit, implicit and often divergent impacts on organizational performance.


It is shown that the amplitude of a square-integrable wave packet in one dimension must decrease with time asymptotically as either t−1/2+μ, 0⩽μ 0 to a decrease as |x|−1+2μ.


Annotation Bachelor thesis "The Functions of Particular Tenses in German" deals with grammatical tenses in German language. The aim of this work is to explain the use of six tenses in German. In our mother tongue are only three grammatical tenses, therefore for me as for German teacher it is important to explain to the students the use of individual tenses. The work is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical. It is the theoretical summary of the use of individual tenses. The second part is practical. There are stated several newspaper articles, where were analysed grammatical tenses and in the summary is the frequency of using these tenses in German.


Abstract The Euler–Euler method and soft computing methods are recently utilized for the purpose of bubbly flow simulation and evolution of the dispersed and continuous phase in a two-phase reactor. Joining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method can enable the researchers to avoid several runs for heavy numerical methods (multidimensional Euler–Euler) to optimize fluid conditions. This overview can also help the researchers to carefully analyze fluid conditions and categorize their huge number of data in their artificial neural network nodes and avoid a complex non-structure CFD mesh. In addition, it can provide a neural geometry without limitation of an increasing mesh number in the fluid domain. In this study, gas and liquid circulation were considered as one of the main CFD factors in the scale-up of reactors used as an output parameter for prediction tool (ANFIS method) in different dimensions. This study shows that a combination of ANFIS and CFD methods provides the non-discrete domain in various dimensions and makes a smart tool to locally predict multiphase flow. The integration of numerical calculation and smart methods also shows that there is a great agreement between CFD results and ANFIS output depending on different dimensions.


While the choice of matrix versus item-by-item questions has received considerable attention in the literature, it is still unclear in what situation one is better than the other. Building upon the previous findings, this study expands this line of research by examining whether the difference between the two question types is moderated by the number of response options. Through a web survey experiment, this study compares matrix and item-by-item questions with 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 11 response options. Additionally, we also investigate the impact of the device used to complete the survey on data quality. The results show that straight lining and response time are similar between the two question types across all response lengths, but item nonresponse tends to be higher for matrix than item-by-item question, especially among mobile respondents. Also measurement models reveal measurement equivalence between the two question types when there are fewer than seven response options. For matrices with 9 or 11 response options, analyses reveal substantial differences compared to item-by-item questions.


in writing: ' Mais alors que nous possedons au Congo beige diverses etudes deja tres poussees sur les tons des mots, si essentiels pour la signification dans les langues bantoues, on ne trouve encore en Afrique du Sud aucune langue pour laquelle les tons sont publies.' He asks for the proscription of Swahili and 'the soi-disant lingala ' in Belgian Congo, in the interest of civilization. The Bulletin de I'Institut d'&udes Centrafrkaines is published at Brazzaville under the patronage of the Government-General of French Equatorial Africa. Its aim is well expressed in an introductory note. In these days when economics is so dominant there is a great temptation to regard everything as rather negligible that does not bear upon production and the standard of living. ' Ce serait une erreur. La connaissance approfondie et rationnelle d'un pays est l'un des instruments indispensables de l'action. Et par connaissance rationnelle il faiit entendre une connaissance qui va a la source et au detail.' The Bulletin therefore will seek to obtain and spread abroad precise detailed information about the peoples, the geography, the material resources of A.fi.F. The first number, of 112 closely printed pages, contains several articles of anthropological interest, from one of which we give an abstract on pages 188-9. Afroamerka is the organ of the International Institute of Afroamerican studies which was set up in October 1943 after the first Congress of Interamerican Demography held in Mexico. The aim of the Institute is to study the Negro populations of America in their biological and cultural aspects. Its journal is to be published twice a year; it is printed in Mexico. A fourth new journal has the distinction of being (apart from quotations of French writers) entirely written and edited by Africans. It is entitled Gettese and is the bulletin of an Association whose active members are all old students of the ficole William Ponty on the island of Goree. It is published at Rufisque in Senegal. Its aim is to help in carrying out the objects of the Association, viz. to link the Old Boys in friendly union, to conserve and perfect their general and professional attainments and (this is significant) ' to make Franco-African culture an ever richer reality'. This first number affords pleasing evidence of interest in things African. One section is devoted to members' contributions under the rubric 'La Voix de 1'Afrique'—tales, songs, essays; and an appeal is made for the collection of stories ' from the aged lips which soon will not open again '. The French text is printed of a short play performed at the Dakar meeting of the International Congress of Africanists; this is a rendering of a Susu fabliau, ' Eh bien I mais oui ' . There are poems in French from one of which (by Ouezzin Coulibaly) we quote these lines. They are written in praise of the School:


Objective To evaluate the effect of health education program in the prevention and control of priority diseases,which were implemented in Mianning county from 2004 to 2008. Methods The survey was conducted among the selected populations in Mianning on awareness rate,case finding rate and cure rate before and after the implementation of the program by the household interview,stratified interview and curative effect evaluation for 5 years. Results The awareness rate of the prevention and control of priority diseases among staff and students increased gradually. No cholera case was detected for 7 years,75% of the tuberculosis cases were detected. The cure rate of tuberculosis was 96.17%. The early detection of leprosy case was improved,resulting in the reduction of disability of leprosy patients. The basic knowledge of prevention and control of HIV/AIDS was publicized among general public. The awareness of general public about prevention of diseases increased obviously. Conclusion The health education is an effective method for the prevention and control of priority diseases in remote less-developed and minority areas. The health education should be reinforced extensively.


The "Dutch Book" argument, tracing back to Ramsey and to deFinetti, offers prudential grounds for action in conformity with personal probability. Under several structural assumptions about combinations of stakes (that is, assumptions about the combination of wagers), your betting policy is coherent only if your fair odds are probabilities. The central question posed here is the following one: Besides providing an operational test of coherent betting, does the "Book" argument also provide for adequate measurement (elicitation) of the agents degrees of beliefs? That is, are an agent's fair odds also his/her personal probabilities for those events? We argue the answer is "No!" The problem is caused by the possibility of state dependent utilities.


For several years I have observed that root tips of some species of plants adhere to glass surfaces in water. Examination of this phenomenon shows that under suitable conditions the root tips of barley adhere to glass within 30 seconds when irradiated with red light and detach from the glass within 30 seconds when irradiated with far-red light. This rapid reversibility has been repeated for five or more cycles in numerous trials with different lots of seedlings. 3-Indoleacetic acid at very low concentrations and several other compounds are required for the reversible process. Methods and Materials.-About 14 gm of barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L., var Compana) are washed several times with deionized water. They are then spread over cheesecloth supported on a stainless steel wire net hung inside a porcelain crock. Six liters of deionized water from which chlorine has been removed by passing through charcoal are poured into the crock until the net just touches the water surface. The seeds are held in darkness for 2 days at 23CC with the water aerated continuously. After 2 days, the seedlings are exposed to dim white light (0.3 ft-c) from a tungsten filament lamp for at least 1 hr before use in a constant-temperature room at 230C. The dim light is used in subsequent handling of seedlings. Roots, after gentle blotting on filter paper, are placed on a ruled plastic block and 1-mm sections are quickly cut with a stainless steel razor blade from tips of the first two seminal roots of a seedling. Ten tips are washed into a Pyrex glass beaker (tall form) of 200-ml capacity containing about 25 ml of deionized water. The water is poured off after a few seconds and 10 ml of solution of the following composition is added immediately to the beaker: sodium adenosine-5'triphosphate (ATP), 2.5 X 10M; 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), 10-8 M; L-ascorbic acid (AA), 10-6 M; MnCl2, 2 X 10-M; MgCl2, 2 X 10-4 M; KCl, 10-4 M; and HCl, 5 X 10-5 M. Solutions of the organic chemicals are freshly prepared each day. The pH of the final solution is 5.0. The beaker is immediately placed in red light. After mixing with a gentle rotary motion for about 10 sec, the tips are allowed to settle and remain undisturbed in the central portion of the bottom for 20 sec. The beaker is then raised a few millimeters on one edge and very gently swirled 3 or 4 times. Sudden or jerky movements are avoided. The number of tips adhering, or showing signs of adhering, to the glass surface is then counted. Tips that do not adhere move smoothly away from the spot on which they have settled. After the gentle swirling motion, the tips are left undisturbed for about 5 sec. This process of dislodging, counting, and settling is repeated three times. A good count of the average number of tips adhering to the glass can be obtained by the end of the fourth dislodging. After 1 min in red light, the tips are exposed to far-red light for 1 min during which time the procedure done in red light is repeated. The red and far-red irradiation cycle is carried out for 5 cycles. The source of red light is a 15-watt daylight fluorescent tube filtered with 2 layers of red cellophane. Both ends of the tube are covered with 15 cm of black plastic. The beaker is placed 55 cm from the tube where the radiant flux is 7.9 MAw/cm2 in the region of 600-700 nm.1 The far-red light source is a 60-watt tungsten filament lamp covered with 6 sheets of red cellophane and 2 sheets of blue cellophane. The lamp is inverted so that the far-red light passes through 5.5 cm of water contained in a glass dish with a


PURPOSE: A filtering fabric, a filtering method and a filtering device for filtering a liquid is provided to simply and effectively wash the filtering fabric having a fine deep filtering effect by a reversed washing. CONSTITUTION: A filtering device for filtering a liquid contains: a flowing passage of liquid to filter; a filtering fabric(6); a device to maintain the filtering fabric during the flowing passage; a device to generate the liquid to be filtered to the direction of filtering through the filtering fabric(6); a device to generate the flowing of reversed washing of the liquid through the filtering fabric(6) in the opposite direction of the filtering direction.


This guide can help students in American History with primary and secondary sources. A research guide for Prof. Angelis' history practicum.


A pioneer of the 'Gaza first plan', Raphael Cohen-Almagor has promoted recommendations and measures to enhance and unify Israeli society through a career that has produced numerous publications on euthanasia, media ethics and the law in Israel. The most recent addition, a two part evaluation of contemporary democracy and institutions in Israel, furthers his work through an anthology compiled by authors as diverse as Yitzhak Nivon, President of Israel during 1971– 1983, and Elyakim Rubinstein, Israel's attorney general at the time of publication, to Aviezer Ravitzky, laureate of the Israel Prize, and Majid Al-Haj, head of the Center for Multiculturalism and Educational Research and Dean of Research at the University of Haifa. The timely collection converges on liberty, rights, tolerance, justice, equality and autonomy in an endeavor to find compromises and solutions when these values come into conflict. The assertion that 'We all cherish equality but often we act upon criteria, deemed relevant and justified, that betray the principle of equality' (1) sagaciously introduces the publication in a manner that is maintained throughout by the 26 authors. How can equality survive in a society that strives to implement democracy under international scrutiny whilst maintaining paramount security for its citizens? This question, amongst others, is explored over two volumes that will prove indispensable sources of analysis to scholars and students, sociologists, lawyers, philosophers, politicians and the public alike. The authors' shared belief in democracy ventures through less-charted territory such as, The Integration of Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union by Tamar Horowitz and Is a Halakhic State Possible? The Paradox of Jewish Theocracy by Aviezer Ravitzky, each a unique and insightful paper that whets the appetite of the reader and encourages, through often extensive endnotes, further research. Equally, Israeli Institutions at the Crossroads reduces the focus to key establishments within the Israeli polity, with notable contributions by Yoram Peri, The Political-Military Complex: The IDF's Influence Over Policy Towards the Palestinians Since 1987 and The Press Council by Raphael Cohen-Almagor. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, April 2007 34(1), 85–121


Aiming at the problem of slow convergence and local optimum in motor fault diagnosis, a new method of motor fault diagnosis based on fuzzy petri net was proposed, in order to improve the accuracy of fuzzy petri network diagnosis system, the mutative scale back propagation(BP) algorithm was used to optimize the network parameters, then the classification of several kinds of motor faults were completed by the optimized fuzzy Petri nets. The case analysis shows that the proposed method can effectively distinguish the fault types and has some practical value.


While there is a continued push toward mass adoption of electric vehicles
 globally, internal combustion engines seem posed to continue to play a key role
 in the mobility industry even as electrified powertrains continue to increase in
 market share. For internal combustion engines to continue to propel people and
 goods, engine technologies need to continuously improve in both efficiency and
 emissions. This paper will explore six technologies to increase the efficiency
 and reduce the emissions output of an engine in a plug-in hybrid-electric
 vehicle (PHEV). The technologies employed on this prototype vehicle include
 deceleration fuel cutoff, start–stop, increasing the mean engine operating
 temperature, preheating the engine oil, implementing an electrically heated
 catalyst, and air–fuel ratio control. Each of these technologies have been well
 studied and have demonstrated robustness through decades of deployments on road.
 However, pairing these technologies with a PHEV architecture will enable the
 benefits of these technologies to be fully exploited. It will be demonstrated
 that the combined application of these six technologies increased the
 experimental vehicles miles per gallon gasoline equivalent by 22% and reduced
 greenhouse gas emissions by 32% over a real-world driving emissions baseline.
 This paper will explore the background and anticipated impacts that these
 technologies should have, as well as demonstrate their implementation on the
 experimental vehicle. Emphasis will be placed on the way each of these
 technologies were tested and the environment that they were tested in. The
 testing environments include an engine dynamometer, a chassis dynamometer, and
 real-world driving emission tests. In all these settings, the efficiency and
 emissions were measured. The final test involves a real-world driving emissions
 test. The vehicle in question is an experimental PHEV developed by students at
 The Ohio State University. Results and conclusions are drawn from the data
 collected for how each of these technologies impacted engine operation in the
 PHEV.


The growth of the strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. cv. Houkouwase) explants/plantlets rooted by the direct ex-vitro rooting method (DM) was compared with that of those rooted by the conventional method (CM). In DM, explants taken from micropropagated shoots were inserted into rockwool plugs and cultured in the environmental control unit by hydroponics using a diluted nutrient solution. In CM, the explants were cultured and grown in vitro to the plantlets on a sugar-added medium. After rooting, they were acclimatized in the same environmental control unit. Fresh and dry weights, leaf area, number of leaves, and plant height of the plantlets were larger by the DM than CM.


The article examines the role of career counsellors in secondary education in Cyprus, with emphasis on their effect on students' career decisions. Survey research was used to collect information from 611 students and 36 career counsellors in Cyprus. Students were asked to rate the importance of several factors as influences on their career decisions. This allowed for the assessment of the importance of career counsellors relative to other influencing factors. In a separate survey, career counsellors provided information on their job satisfaction and their effectiveness in providing guidance and information to students. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. According to the findings, students consider counsellors to be of little or no importance as sources of guidance and information in the decision‐making process which precedes the choice between higher education and employment. Moreover, counsellors point to serious problems at the workplace which limit their effectiveness. The article discusses ways of addressing the problems faced by career counsellors and enhancing their role as significant reference individuals in further education and career decisions.


The present study focused on the mechanical and the rmal properties of a Polyamide(PA6)/Kaolinite composite. Several kaolini tes (showing different shape factor) with appropriate surface treatments (showing more o r less affinity with the matrix) are incorporated in PA6 inducing a high level of dispar ity in the composite morphology. For each composite, kaolinites dispersion and distribution i s obtained by a statistical analysis from MEB and optical micrographs. Mechanical and thermal tests (uniaxial tensile test, Charpy impact test, cone calorimeter test) are conducted o n each composite. It was found that: first the higher is the interparticular distance, the low er are both the Young modulus and the resilience, second the higher is the kaolinites med ian iameters, the lower is the yield stress and the higher is peak of Heat Release (pHRR).


Based on the influences of the material performance,the structure and processing requirements of the tube holes,the connection forms between the tubes and the tube sheets on the joint strength of the tubes and tube sheets,and on the fabrication of big E EA123F heat exchangers for ethylene,some reliable methods were proposed for the joint of the tubes and the tube sheets.


K e y w o r d s N o n l i n e a r systems, Darcy law, Asymptotic analysis, Fixed-point methods, Weak solutions. 1. I N T R O D U C T I O N In moving boundary problems, the mathematical formulations can be quite varied, depending on very different and complicated physical situations. In 1992 and 1996, respectively, Gilbert and Shi [1,2] derived the following Hele-Shaw Models I and II for nonisothermal, non-Newtonian flows, in the absence of body forces and sources. PROBLEM I. Find functions 0 and p defined in f~ such that --AO ---k(O)lVpl T + f , in ft, (1.1) div {k (O) lVp lT -2Vp} = g, in a , (1.2) 0 = 0o, on Of~, (1.3) P = P0, on F0, (1.4) k ( O ) V p ~-20P = l, on F1. (1.5) Ou Project partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant BES-9820813. 0895-7177/02/$ see front mat ter (~) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S0895-7177 (02)00094-8 Typeset by .AAdS-TEX 1426 R . P . GILBERT AND M. FANG PROBLEM II. Find functions 0 and p defined in fiT such that ot A O = k ( O ) I V p t + f, d i v {k(e) IVvl Vv} =g , 0 = 00, 0 = 9 ) , P = P 0 , -k(0) IVpl r -2 o p = l, Ou in f~T, (1.6) in f~T, (1.7) on Oft x (0, T), (1.8) on a x {0}, (1.9) on F0 x (0, T), (1.10) on F1 x (0, T). (1.11) Here we assume that fi is a bounded domain in R n with C '1 boundary and 0fi is decomposed as cgf~ = F0 U F1, where n is a natural number that is greater or equal to two, F0 and F1 are C 1 manifolds with F0 N F1 = 0. The outward unit normal of 0f~ is denoted by u. For a given time interval (0,T), let fiT = f~ x (0, T). We assume also that f , g, 00, Po, l, ~, and k are given functions, while r is a given positive constant related to the power law index n; p is the pressure of the flow and 0 is the temperature. We shall not notationally distinguish these functions in different domains. Problem I is a model for a stationary flow and Problem II is a model for the time-dependent flow. It is convenient in the case of linear problems to avoid body sources and forces in the mathematical model and to treat these sources as a nonhomogeneous term. Clearly, the effect of force and source in linear problems is linear. On the other hand, since nonisothermal, non-Newtonian Hele-Shaw flows are nonlinear, it is not obvious whether the effects of body forces and sources on the model will be linear or nonlinear, therefore, we have to be very careful when we deal with these terms. We will investigate the role of body forces and sources in Section 2. Let fi~ = f~ x ( -e , e) be a three-dimensional mold, where fi is a bounded domain in R 2 with C 1 boundary, and 2e represents the thickness of the mold. We begin with conservation of momentum and energy equations in f~: e Dv~ p ~ = d i v a ~ + p ~ f f , t o t ° O X i ) -ts i j d i j , (1.12)


The entropy of a set of data is related to the amount of information that it contains and provides a theoretical bound on the amount of compression that can be achieved. While calculating entropy is well understood for fully specified data, this paper explores the use of entropy for incompletely specified test data and shows how theoretical bounds on the maximum amount of test data compression can be calculated. An algorithm for specifying don't cares to minimize entropy for fixed length symbols is presented, and it is proven to provide the lowest entropy among all ways of specifying the don't cares. The impact of different ways of partitioning the test data into symbols on entropy is studied. Different test data compression techniques are analyzed with respect to their entropy bounds. Entropy theory is used to show the limitations and advantages of certain types of test data encoding strategies.


Parrots housed in inadequate environments can show behavioural patterns that they do not show in their biologically natural context, such as repetitive and nonfunctional activities, potentially indicators of poor welfare. In intensive breeding facilities, birds such as budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) are often pair-housed in cages of limited size for the reproductive period. In this study, the effects of spatial and social restrictions on the behaviour of 18 budgerigars housed in different conditions (pair-housed condition vs social-housed condition) were investigated. Our aim was to compare the presence of species-specific stereotyped behaviours (Oral, Locomotor and Object-Directed) and the time-budget of normal activities between the two experimental conditions. Data were recorded by using video-cameras and, subsequently, a focal sampling technique to score the behavioural repertoire of experimental subjects was adopted. Frequency and duration of stereotyped patterns were significantly higher in pair- than in social-housed condition individuals. A sex-related profile was also found, with "pacing" and "spot pecking" shown more often by males, whereas "wire chewing" and "incessant screaming" were performed at higher levels by females. Moreover, with regard to the time-budget of normal activities, pair-housed conditions showed significantly higher frequencies of locomotion and allo-grooming than social-housed conditions. These findings suggest that limited social and spatial opportunities influence the presence of stereotyped behaviours, as well as the normal activity of Melopsittacus undulatus, and cause a potential decrease of their life quality. Refinement of housing seems to have a direct role in improving the well-being of this species in intensive breeding facilities. Therefore, the dissemination of guidelines and recommendations on accommodation of this species is recommended to make it easier for traders and breeders to provide appropriate housing conditions for birds.


The Nosu Yi language is topic-prominent,whose clausal structure is frequently rendered in topic-comment construction.The primary grammatical devices of information structure are word order and morphological markers.The Yi language has both exclusive topic markers and multi-functional markers which may serve as topic markers.The head initial position of a clause is the primary and default position of topics.Different types of topics are indicated by distinct topic markers.The Yi topic markers may sometimes be used as indicators of new information,viz.the focus.This paper presents a detailed analysis on and description of the function of the topic markers li~(33)and nur~(33) in Nosu Yi language.


The oscillating head consists of a stationary mass body (4), a tool carrier (32) with a tool (40) for holding a workpiece (W1) and an electromagnetic drive (12). The electromagnetic drive (12) is connected via a spring arrangement (20) with the tool carrier (32), that the tool carrier (32) for a linear vibration friction welding on the workpiece (W1) can perform. The spring assembly (20) has one or more on the drive axis (A) perpendicular to the spring washers (22) which in a peripheral region (28) on the mass body are fixed (4) and in a central region (24) with the electromagnetic drive ( 12) and the tool carrier (32) are firmly connected, so that the vibrations of the tool carrier purely linear vibrations are concentrically to the drive axis. This oscillating head can be operated as a single oscillating head or be coupled mechanically and / or electrically connected to another oscillating heads to form vibration welding equipment unterschiedlichster geometry for a variety of different applications.


Purpose – Intends to address a fundamental problem in maintenance engineering: how should the shutdown of a production system be scheduled? In this regard, intends to investigate a way to predict the next system failure time based on the system historical performances.Design/methodology/approach – GM(1,1) model from the grey system theory and the fuzzy set statistics methodologies are used.Findings – It was found out that the system next unexpected failure time can be predicted by grey system theory model as well as fuzzy set statistics methodology. Particularly, the grey modelling is more direct and less complicated in mathematical treatments.Research implications – Many maintenance models have developed but most of them are seeking optimality from the viewpoint of probabilistic theory. A new filtering theory based on grey system theory is introduced so that any actual system functioning (failure) time can be effectively partitioned into system characteristic functioning times and repair improvement (dam...


A three‐layer shallow‐water model with a convection parametrization is used to study the track deflections of slow‐moving hurricanes on a β‐plane as they approach straight coastlines of different orientations with respect to north, or as they cross to a cooler or warmer body of water. In the landfall experiments, the land surface is level and is characterized by an abrupt increase of the drag coefficient and zero evaporation. the tracks of a 72 h integration on a β‐plane are compared with an ocean control experiment.


Researchers are beginning to correct the distortion and invisibility of information about women's leisure. The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize the recent literature concerning women's leisure in order to explore the complex interrelationships and dimensions of women's lives. In examining the literature, assumptions about leisure and feminist perspectives are offered as a context for understanding women's lives. The consistencies in the research literature, as well as the contradictions, associated with the meaning of leisure in women's lives are presented. The author concludes that frameworks and hypotheses for better understanding women's lives are emerging, a variety of methods are being used to collect appropriate data, and both women and men have the potential for helping to empower women through continuing research on the meaning of leisure in women's lives.


Ireland's geographical isolation in Western Europe is a challenge that most Irish business sectors must learn to deal with on a daily basis. This paper reports on an in-depth study into the food industry in Ireland. It reports on improvements made in the supply chain operations of the Irish food industry over the past two years. The implementation of effective supply chain management principles has enabled these food companies to reduce their overall costs, improve their service and enhance their revenues. This research into the improvements in the practices of the food sector through the adoption of supply chain management practices is grounded in the identification and definition of sector appropriate key performance indicators (KPI's). The paper then goes on to show how the performance of Irish food companies compared when benchmarked against international standards. In the final part of this study, all respondents from the 2003 survey were split into groups of small, medium and large sized companies. This offered an insight into how the three separate entities compared with one another in terms of their logistics development and capability. The results showed that all three groups had unique strengths and weaknesses in relation to the management of their logistics activities that were not present in the other two groups. For the covering abstract see ITRD E126595.


A method for determination of five triazine residues in bovine milk has been established.The method involves concentration with different solid-phase extraction cartridges(C18 and LiChrolut EN) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis using a C18 column with UV detection at 220nm,a mobile phase of acetonitrile-phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and a flow-rate of 1.2mL/min.Detection and quantification limits for bovine milk sample were 0.13 and 0.38 g/L for studied compound respectively.The recovery yield was between 62.2-95.1% for each triazinic herbicide.The precision degree was between 2.3-10.5 % for each triazine herbicides and the calibration curves showed good linearity,r2﹥0.9970.The method is easily routinable.It can meet the requirement for simultaneous determination of many herbicides inspection in bovine milk.


Oil shale is not a new discovery for the world. Similar to coal, it can be used directly as a fuel. The role of oil shale in the energy production is unknown to most people because its contribution to today's world energy budget is minimal compared to such common known resources like petroleum and coal. However, the high price and declining petroleum supplies as well as rapidly increasing demand from the third world countries, is the reason why more frequent discussions about broader usage of oil shale are rising.