We characterize minimal open sets in topological spaces. We show that any nonempty subset of a minimal open set is pre-open. As an application of a theory of minimal open sets, we obtain a sufficient condition for a locally finite space to be a pre- Hausdorff space. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 54A05, 54D99. 1. Introduction. Let X be a topological space. We call a nonempty open set U of X a minimal open set when the only open subsets of U are U and ∅. In this paper, we study fundamental properties of minimal open sets and apply them to obtain some results on pre-open sets (cf. (2)) and pre-Hausdorff spaces. In Section 2, we characterize minimal open sets, that is, we show that a nonempty open set U is a minimal open set if and only if Cl(U) = Cl(S) for any nonempty subset S of U. This result implies that any nonempty subset S of a minimal open set U is a pre-open set. In Section 3, we study minimal open sets in locally finite spaces. The results of this section are closely related to the work of James (1), and these results will be used in the next scetion. In Section 4, we apply the theory of minimal open sets to study pre-open sets. Our first main result of this section is a property of the set of all minimal open sets in any nonempty finite open set which is not a minimal open set. This result enables us to prove a generalization of Theorem 2.5, when U is a nonempty finite open set, in Theorem 4.4. Theorem 4.5 shows that our theory of minimal open set is useful to study pre-open sets. Finally, we show that some conditions on minimal open sets implies pre-Hausdorff- ness of a space, that is, if any minimal open set of a locally finite space X has two elements at least, then X is a pre-Hausdorff space.


A complete set of nonlinear differential equations of motion is derived for a beam and ball setup. The system obviously has unstable dynamics and may exhibit minimum phase (MP) or non-minimum phase (NMP) behavior depending on the ball radius. The system's linearized equations are contrasted with different levels of approximations that are often assumed. A transparent interpretation of the NMP behavior is also made in light of the physical setup. Also included is a frequency domain controller design for the NMP unstable case. In particular, a controller is synthesized for keeping the linear and angular position of the ball and the beam within given tolerances under the limited control effort of the actuator.


The detection of malignant lesions using [F-18]FDG and PET is dependent upon tumor size, lesion/background contrast, reconstruction parameters, image statistics, and the reading physician. The interrelation between these variables was tested through a series of phantom experiments aimed at optimizing tumor detection under a variety of imaging conditions.


To examine the feasibility of estimating the degree of "strength of belief (SOB)" of viewer's responses using support vector machines (SVM) trained with features of gazes, the gazing features were analyzed while subjects reviewed their own responses to multiple choice tasks. Subjects freely reported the certainty of their chosen answers, and these responses were then classified as high and low SOBs. All gazing points of eye-movements were classified into visual areas, or cells, which corresponded with the positions of answers so that training data, consisting of the features and SOB, was produced. A discrimination model for SOB was trained with several combinations of features to see whether performance of a significant level could be obtained. As a result, a trained model with 3 features, which consists of interval time, vertical difference and length between gazes, can provide significant discrimination performance for SOB.


Let G be a geometrically finite Kleinian group with parabolic elements and let p be any parabolic fixed point of G. For each positive real τ, let Wp τ denote the set of limit points of G for which the inequality |x−g(p)|⩽|g′(0)|τ is satisfied for infinitely many elements g in G. This subset of the limit set is precisely the analogue of the set of τ‐well approximable numbers in the classical theory of metric Diophantine approximation. In this paper we consider the following question. What is the 'size' of the set Wp τ expressed in terms of its Hausdorff dimension? We provide a complete answer, namely that for τ ⩾ 1, dimWp(τ)=min{δ+rk(p)(τ−1)2τ−1,δτ}, where rk (p) denotes the rank of the parabolic fixed point p. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11K55, 11K60, 11F99, 58D20.


21Background: Recent advances and approvals in mCSPC treatment offer improved outcomes. Docetaxel chemotherapy as well as novel hormonal therapies (NHT) including abiraterone, apalutamide and enzal...


Optimized nitrogen fertilization based on soil inorganic nitrogen test was used to study the yield effect and nitrogen balance of winter wheat.The results showed there were not yield difference between optimized N treatment(6 217 kg/hm2) and conventional treatment(6 223 kg/hm2),but the optimized N management reduced 40% N fertilizer than conventional farmers' N fertilization.The N use efficiency significantly increased from conventional farmers' treatments of 31% to 50.6% of optimized N treatment,and the inorganic nitrogen residual in optimized N treatment(90 kg/hm2)was lower than that in after harvest significantly conventional treotment(176 kg/hm2).The apparent N loose significantly reduced from 82 kg/hm2 of conventional farmers' N treatments to 40 kg/hm2 of optimized N management.


Abstract A detailed analysis of indoor/outdoor physicochemical aerosol properties has been performed. Aerosol measurements were taken at two dwellings, one in the city center and the other in the suburbs of the Oslo metropolitan area, during summer/fall and winter/spring periods of 2002–2003. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the chemical characteristics (water-soluble ions and carbonaceous components) of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) particles and their indoor/outdoor relationship. Results demonstrate that the carbonaceous species were dominant in all fractions of the PM10 particles (cut off size: 0.09–11.31 μm) during all measurement periods, except winter 2003, when increased concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions were predominant because of sea salt transport. The concentration of organic carbon was higher in the fine and coarse PM10 fractions indoors, whereas elemental carbon was higher indoors only in the coarse fraction. In regards to the carbonaceous species, local traffic and secondary organic aerosol formation were, probably, the main sources outdoors, whereas indoors combustion activities such as preparation of food, burning of candles, and cigarette smoking were the main sources. In contrast, the concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions were higher outdoors than indoors. The variability of water-soluble inorganic ion concentrations outdoors was related to changes in emissions from local anthropogenic sources, long-range transport of particles, sea salt emissions, and resuspension of roadside and soil dusts. In the indoor environment the infiltration of the outdoor air indoors was the major source of inorganic ions.


Many beams located at the perimeter of buildings carry loads from slabs, joists and beams from one side of the member only. This loading mechanism generates torsional forces that are transferred from the beams to the columns. Such beams are deficient in torsional shear capacity and are in need of strengthening.. Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as an external reinforcement is used extensively to address the strength requirements related to flexure and shear in structural systems, but the strengthening of beams subjected to torsion is yet to be explored. In this project, the behaviour and performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded Glass FRP (GFRP) sheets subjected to pure torsion has been studied. Experimental result reveal that externally bonded GFRP sheets can significantly increase both the cracking and the ultimate torsion capacity. Concrete with mix proportion 1:1.8:3.6 was used during the casting of the specimens. Glass fibre sheets used was bi-directional woven roving mat. Polymer matrix Epoxy resin with 10 % hardener was used as the binder of GFRP sheets with the concrete surface. The obtained result shows that the load carrying capacity of the retrofitted beam is far more than the control beam. FRP based strengthening has better aesthetic appearance compared to other methods and is easier to implement and is light in weight.


Objective To explore a safe and effective strategy in the management of giant bullae.Methods Lung volume reduction surgery by intra-bullous adhesion pexy with biomedical fibrin sealant and closed drainage by percutaneous lung centesis were carried out in 22 cases of giant bullae.The clinical data was analyzed by prospective random self-controlled study.Results The giant bullae size from 10 cm×7 cm×5 cm to 15 cm×8 cm×30 cm,19 cases were cured with disappearred cavities in 7 days after the procedure,1 case in 15 days,and 2 cases with reduced cavities in 10 days and 14 days respectively.Dyspnoea was alleviated or disappeared,and pulmonary function was improved significantly.No recurrence or aggravation was found in 20 cases followed up for 4 to 42 months and 2 cases lost.Conclusion A safe and effective strategy for giant bullae is Lung volume reduction surgery by intra-bullous adhesion pexy guided by computed tomography in local anaesthesia with mild wound,less complications and cheap fee-for-service.


Teriflunomide (TER) is an immunomodulatory agent. First reports on the use of TER in dogs have already appeared. Immune mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of TER are not completely understood. The study attempts to shed light on the involvement of CD4+ T cells in inducing these properties in dogs. This study investigates the effect of TER on CD25 and Foxp3 expression by canine CD4+T cells in the course of in vitro activation. CD25 is T cell activation marker, whereas Foxp3 is critical for the development and function of CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from clinically healthy dogs (n = 15) were exposed to TER at concentrations reflecting its plasma levels obtained at a typical dose and at a ten-fold lower concentration with PMA/ionomycin stimulation. The percentage of CD25-expressing cells within CD4+ T cell subset in the culture treated with TER 10−4 M did not differ significantly from the value of this parameter in untreated non-stimulated cells but was significantly lower than that in untreated stimulated cells. The exposure to TER 10−4 M led to a significant increase in the percentage of Foxp3-expressing cells within the CD4+ T cell subset. However, the exposure to the lower concentration of TER did not affect the evaluated parameters. The results indicate that TER at the concentration achieved at a therapeutic dose prevented the activation-induced CD25 expression and induced Foxp3 expression by canine CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that the generation of inducible Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T cells and inhibition of CD4+ T cell activation may constitute one of the mechanisms responsible for the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of TER.


Broad bean plants (Vicia faba L.) were cultivated in two field experiments at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt, during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons under North Sinai condition, to study the effect of soil application of some biofertilizers and foliar spray with some wild plant extracts on broad bean plants. Biofertilizer treatments contained combination of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) + Trichoderma harzianum + Rhizobium leguminosarum. Three wild plant extracts treatments; i.e., Qeysoom Gebeli (Achillea fragrantissima L.), Harmal (Peganum harmala L.) and Mitnaan (Thymelaea hirsute L.) were sprayed on plants. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in split plot system. The results indicated that biofertilizers had significant effected of all studied traits in both seasons. Foliar spraying of Thymelaea hirsute extract had the highest stimulation effects on spores count, root colonization, mycorrhizal status, and weight of non-active nodules, broad bean plant growth characters; i.e. stem length, number of branches per plant, leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry weight as well as both of fresh and dry weight of roots. Both of Thymelaea hirsute and Achillea fragrantissima extracts combined with biofertilizer treatment had significant effects on yield and its components (pod length, number of pods per plant, average pod weight total yield per plant, and weight of seeds per pod) in both seasons. The combination between Thymelaea hirsute and biofertilizer was the superior interaction treatment of this study.


The materials structures from the regenerated bamboo fiber (namely bamboo pulp fiber), the functional polyester fiber (UV-resistance polyester) and the profiled polyester were analyzed. 28 pieces of fabrics through blending, mixing and matching were designed and woven. The properties including thermal-wet comfort (such as air permeability, moisture permeability and water absorbance etc.) and other functions (such as UV-resistance and anti-bacteria) on those fabrics were tested, discussed and analyzed. The result is that when the radio of the functional polyester reach 45~50 %, the radio of regenerated bamboo fiber in 50 %, the structure is 3/1 or 2/1 twill weave,the double-layer-like tightness woven fabrics avoiding finished and bad hand feel will perform cool , UV-resistance, anti-bacteria multi-function. It will be a good choice to use these fabrics in summer shirts. It will give some references to the development of summer new functional products.


The paper presents results of the research into the influence of commutations of HV network elements on harmonic mode. Harmonic voltage measurements at commutations in the network show that the electric network has a great influence on their levels. Harmonic voltage levels at commutations can both decrease and increase to values dangerous for equipment. The studies show that preliminary calculations of harmonic modes in the network with the aim of estimation of possible voltage levels should be made before commutation. New electric networks should be planned with account for provision of electricity quality when harmonics take place.


Despite growing interest in non-market strategy and corporate social responsibility (CSR), we have few theoretical insights into how firms pursue social objectives. This paper presents a positive theory of how firms work with stakeholder advocates to comply with social mandates for the private provision of public goods, or CSR. We argue that advocates are organized to provide credible advice to firms to make costeffective investments in highly visible social programs. Our five propositions yield several theoretical implications that are important for strategy scholars, including the conditions under which firms engage in CSR, the type of projects they select, when managers delegate to advocates and consultants, and how this delegation is best organized. ∗School of Business, University of Miami. †Fuqua School of Business, Duke University ‡Fuqua School of Business, Duke University.


A cytogeographical and morphological (fruit-types and leaf-shape) study of the critical tgumex acetosella aggregate has been made on the basis of 38 population samples, for the most part from the Czech Socialistic Republic. In the geneeological respect the populations from Bohemia and those from North and West Moravia fit into the pattern earlier found in West and Central Europe (i.e. they are 6x, mainly angioearpous, and have non-dlssected leaf lobes). Samples from the xerothermic region of South Moravia and parts of Slovakia and adjacent Austria are thought to be related to the Balkan population group (mainly 4x, gymnocarpous and with much dissected -- multifid -- leaf lobes). Evidence of introgressive hybridisation from the 4x into the 6x ploldy-level has been found in the region of the well known migration route through the Moravlan Gate.


To achieve the minimal fuel consumption, the Pontryagin maximum principle is utilized to generate an optimal guidance law for the whole process of the lunar probe's soft landing which starts off from the perilune. It is shown that the singularity condition for the optimal lunar soft landing process doesn't influence the fuel consumption.


Attempts to extract early biomarkers and expedite detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been centered on postnatal measures of babies at familial risk. Here, we suggest that it might be possible to do these tasks already at birth relying on ultrasound and biological measurements routinely collected from pregnant mothers and fetuses during gestation and birth. We performed a gradient boosting decision tree classification analysis in parallel with statistical tests on a population of babies with typical development or later diagnosed with ASD. By focusing on minimization of the false positive rate, the cross-validated specificity of the classifier reached to 96% with a sensitivity of 41% and a positive predictive value of 77%. Extracted biomarkers included sex, maternal familial history of auto-immune diseases, maternal immunization to CMV, IgG CMV level, timing of fetal rotation on head, femoral length in the 3rd trimester, white cells in the 3rd trimester, fetal heart rate during labour, newborn feeding and newborn's temperature difference between birth and one day after. Statistical models revealed that 38% of babies later diagnosed with ASD had significantly larger fetal cephalic perimeter than age matched neurotypical babies, suggesting an in-utero origin of the bigger brains of toddlers with ASD. Results pave the way to use pregnancy follow-up measurements to provide an early prognosis of ASD and implement pre-symptomatic behavioral interventions to attenuate efficiently ASD developmental sequels.


This study was carried out in order to analyze attitudes of primary school 4 th grades students related to music class. This study using the general survey model was come out with 619 students who took course at five primary schools affiliated to Ministry of National Education in spring term of 2014-2015 academic years. In the study, data has been collected by using "personal information form and "Music Lesson Attitude Scale" developed by Nacakci (2006). The data obtained has been analyzed by using statistical methods and presented in tables. According to study results, it can be said that attitudes of students related to music class are generally positive, primary school 4 th grade students attend the class with love, find the lessons interesting and useful including lesson content and subjects, attend the lesson willingly, consider these lessons get them adopt pleasure and selection habit of listening music and accordingly they do not study lessons not only for passing the class. Additionally, it can be considered among the results obtained by this study that students who take music lesson out of school time and have another family member interested in any kind of music are statistically significantly different compared to students who do not take music lesson out of school time and have not another family member interested in any kind of music.


Abstract Survival rates can be estimated from annual surveys by tracking the abundance of one or more cohorts, as measured by catch per unit of sampling effort, from one year to the next. However, it can be difficult to attain reasonable precision unless sampling effort is extensive. Indeed, estimates of survival exceeding 100% are not infrequently obtained. We show that data from several years can be analyzed simultaneously to obtain a single estimate of survival under the assumption that survival is constant over the period analyzed. The method requires that only a single cohort be identified and separated from the other age-groups. Thus there are minimal data requirements. Estimates of the survival of goosefish Lophius americanus obtained by this method compare favorably with estimates obtained by analyzing changes in mean length over time.


—Due to market competition and continuous pressure on businesses, there is always a need to adopt innovative tools and techniques, to reduce waste and concentrate on value adding activities. Consequently, the integration of lean tools and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems currently seem to be in high demand for both manufacturing and service organisations. However, the implementation of lean tools and ERP systems can lead to undesirable outcomes if implemented incorrectly and these can adversely affect improvements in the process. This research investigates the critical success factors (CSFs) involved in implementing lean tools and ERP systems with the aim of understanding how these CSFs have changed over time and, so as consider possible future directions. That will enable us to indicate which CSFs have already been addressed as well as indicate which areas may require further research. To achieve this aim, a comprehensive review of the published literature was conducted to identify the CSFs and achieve a depth of understanding of the various CSFs already identified by other researchers. The findings of this work support both manufacturing and service organisations seeking to implement lean tools and ERP systems by determining the CSFs of both ERP systems and lean tools which can be a valuable step toward enhancing chances of implementation of these techniques successfully. Moreover, decision makers will be able to formulate better strategies to enhance lean tools and ERP systems implementation, as well as to identify which elements of the implementation process most emphasis should be placed upon.


This article proposes a new method to simultaneously estimate the locations and magnetic moments of multiple magnetic dipole sources without the prior knowledge of the number of dipoles in the 3-D detection region. By initializing a large number of dipole sources evenly spaced in the detection region as potential candidates for the true dipoles, we introduce an indicator parameter for each dipole candidate such that its Sigmoid function is the probability that the candidate converges to a true dipole. A joint optimization is then formulated to minimize the mean square of the regularized error between the measured magnetic gradients and the calculated gradients from the estimated dipoles. The proposed nonlinear optimization is solved by the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, yielding the indicators and their corresponding dipole locations and magnetic moments. The implementation details are also provided, such as using multiple initialization schemes to avoid local minima, selection of measurement points and candidate locations to avoid the "high-wall effect," and the need for preprocessing measurement data to avoid interference. Extensive simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of parameters, noise, and interference on the detection performance, and the results show that the proposed algorithm is robust in different scenarios as long as the total number of measurements is larger than the total number of unknowns in the optimization problem. When the false alarm rate is set at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times 10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the proposed algorithm achieves <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Recall$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.91, 0.86, and 0.78 for the number of true dipoles being <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N=2,4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and 6, respectively. The performance is robust against external interference and parameter selections.


There have been many attempts by cultural actors to promote and preserve Malay Culture in West Kalimantan, but they still face obstacles that make everything hampered. As the interest of the next generation to study and preserve Malay Culture is decreasing, cultural promotion activities are modest, marketing of typical handicrafts that are difficult to market, and the Malay Culture community does not yet have a suitable place to work. Anticipating this, a forum is needed to preserve, demonstrate, maintain and develop West Kalimantan Malay Culture. The final project of the Malay Cultural Center aims to create a center for the preservation of Malay Culture in West Kalimantan. The design method of the West Kalimantan Malay Cultural Center was carried out in several stages, namely ideas, theoretical review, data collection, analysis, synthesis, pre-design, and design. The design concept of the Malay Cultural Center is based on the design elements of the Malay settlement area. The design analysis resulted in several building functions but broadly divided into three functions, namely primary function (performance building), secondary function (training building, art gallery building), and management function (management building, souvenir kiosk). Analysis of the formation of the pattern of the area is taken from the elements of the formation of the Malay area in general and is combined with the shape of the design location. The characteristics of the building follow the form of a West Kalimantan Malay settlement in the form of a typical building on stilts and a pyramid roof / saddle with space tailored to the needs of the user.


Medical pure titanium (Ti) shows excellent chemical stability and mechanical properties in clinical uses, but its initial fixation with host bone, when implanted, is usually delayed owing to the bioinert Ti surface. In this study, we fabricate the hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium by three steps reactions: (1) to form an activated O2− layer by immersing Ti substrate into an alkaline solution such as NaOH; (2) the O2− bonds with Ca2+ to form Ca–O–Ti bonding, in which O plays the part of bridge materials between Ca and Ti substrate and (3) the conversion of Ca–O–Ti samples to HA-coated Ti samples by immersion into Na2HPO4 2 M at 180 °C for 48 h using hydrothermal methods. The effect of different phosphate solutions (NaH2PO4 2 M and Na2HPO4 2 M solution) and hydrothermal treatment time (24 and 48 h) on the characteristic of hydroxyapatite coating titanium substrate is also investigated using the optical microscope, thin film XRD and SEM/EDX. The HA-coated Ti samples fabricated by immersion into Na2HPO4 2 M at 180 °C for 48 h show fiber HA covering Titan substrate with a diameter varying from 0.1 to 0.3 µm. These HA-coated Ti samples can be regarded as promising multifunctional biomaterials.


Abstract Context: The endothelin system (Big-ET-1) is a key regulator in cardiovascular (CV) disease and congestive heart failure (CHF). Objectives: We have examined the incremental value of Big-ET-1 in predicting total and CV mortality next to the well-established CV risk marker N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP). Methods: Big-ET-1 and NT-proBNP were determined in 2829 participants referred for coronary angiography (follow-up 9.9 years). Results: Big-ET-1 is an independent predictor of total, CV mortality and death due to CHF. Discussion: The conjunct use of Big-ET-1 and NT-proBNP improves the risk stratification of patients with intermediate to high risk of CV death and CHF. Conclusions: Big-ET-1improves risk stratification in patients referred for coronary angiography.


Abstract:Robert Lowth publicly theorized enthusiasm three times: twice as Professor of Poetry at Oxford in the 1740s and later, in 1767, before the house of Lords as Bishop of Oxford. While, in his late sermon on the subject, he attacks dissent as a form of political enthusiasm, he is careful to not contradict the terms of the "true and genuine enthusiasm" articulated in his lectures and inspired by his theorizing of the Hebraic sublime. The importance of the influence of the Hebrew scriptures on his thinking is highlighted by the consideration of his celebration of Solon's poetic inspiration of the men of Athens in Plutarch's account. This article analyzes Lowth's three notions of enthusiasm in literary, religious, and political contexts, demonstrating both his debt to John Dennis and the limitations of his theorizing.


This paper explores the impacts of recent technological innovations in the conception of image-saturated architectural surfaces and form. In particular, it instrumentally explores the potential of 'perceptual embodiment' promoted by nineteenth-century image-artefacts such as the stereoscope. It is an unapologetic attempt to promote the kinaesthetic subject as the inheritor of a post-ocularcentric world. In order to achieve this end, this paper focuses on Jonathan Crary's historical analysis of the nineteenth century in  Techniques of the Observer  (1993). Crary's analysis is further tested through the author's own constructions of a series of explorations into stereographic image-artefacts and surface compositors. Through the use of contemporary computer technologies, these image-artefacts provide a means through which to speculate on an emerging schism in the reigning scopic regime of ocularcentricism and pictorialized surface effects in architecture today.


In this thesis we examine the use of rapidly deployable cellphone networks for disaster relief efforts. Disasters are require a coordinated response from many different groups and clear communication to civilians affected by the disaster. This needs a good communication system that does not rely on existing infrastructure that is set up in a small amount of time. Our proposed system is targeted towards use by civilians without a connection to existing telecommunications systems. We have developed a method that allows users of the system to claim telephone numbers along with an automated reputation based moderation system. We undertook experiments and recorded results in the form of logs from consoles and files. These experiments show that the proposed system can be used to provide a decentralised telephony service. Proposed future work includes research into how best to provide information to civilians affected by disasters.


We present the absolute measurement of the unresolved 0.5-8 keV cosmic X-ray background (CXB) in the Chandra Deep Fields (CDFs) North and South, the longest observations with Chandra (2 and 1 Ms, respectively). We measure the unresolved CXB intensity by extracting spectra of the sky and removing all point and extended sources detected in the CDF. To model and subtract the instrumental background, we use observations obtained with ACIS in stowed position, not exposed to the sky. The unresolved signal in the 0.5-1 keV band is dominated by diffuse Galactic and local thermal-like emission. We find unresolved intensites in the 0.5-1 keV band of (4.1 ± 0.3) × 10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1 deg-2 for CDF-N and (5.0 ± 0.4) × 10-12 for CDF-S. In the 1-8 keV band, the unresolved spectrum is adequately described by a power law with a photon index Γ = 1.5 and normalization 2.6 ± 0.3 photons s-1 keV-1 sr-1 at 1 keV. We find unresolved CXB intensities of (1.04 ± 0.14) × 10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1 deg-2 for the 1-2 keV band and (3.4 ± 1.7) × 10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1 deg-2 for the 2-8 keV band. Our detected unresolved intensities in these bands significantly exceed the expected flux from sources below the CDF detection limits, if one extrapolates the log N/ log S curve to zero flux. Thus, these background intensities imply either a genuine diffuse component or a steepening of the log N/ log S curve at low fluxes, most significantly for energies <2 keV. Adding the unresolved intensity to the total contribution from sources detected in these fields and wider field surveys, we obtain a total intensity of the extragalactic CXB of (4.6 ± 0.3) × 10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1 deg-2 for 1-2 keV and (1.7 ± 0.2) × 10-11 ergs cm-2 s-1 deg-2 for 2-8 keV. These totals correspond to a CXB power-law normalization (for Γ = 1.4) of 10.9 photons cm-2 s-1 keV-1 sr-1 at 1 keV. This corresponds to resolved fractions of 77% ± 3% and 80% ± 8% for 1-2 and 2-8 keV, respectively.


In this study,we construct a finite difference scheme for a kind of non-linear parabolic equation.It is proved that the scheme is uniquely solvable,unconditionally stable and second order convergent in L∞ norm.Numerical results demonstrate the theoretical results.


Purpureocillium lilacinum is a saprophytic fungus with a ubiquitous environmental distribution, and it can be detected in soil samples and decaying materials worldwide. It has been reported as an emerging pathogen in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, showing various cutaneous presentations. Herein, we report a case of a patient with a localized cutaneous P. lilacinum infection, which resembles the skin lesions of psoriasis. A 72-year-old female was presented with a peripherally spreading, well-demarcated, asymptomatic, scaly, erythematous patch on her forehead for several months. Histopathological examination showed pinkish septated fungal elements and mixed inflammatory and granulomatous infiltrates in the dermis. Furthermore, a fungal culture on potato dextrose agar showed gray, velvety colonies with light yellow background after being subcultured. Phialides with chains of oval conidia were observed on lactophenol cotton blue staining. The ITS region of rRNA gene sequence obtained from the colony was identical to that of Purpureocillium lilacinum. The lesion was resolved with oral itraconazole (200 mg/day) after four months of treatment.


Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds able to bind to and activate oestrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ). Exposure to phytoestrogens, in particular soy, through diet is very common. ERα and ERβ are present throughout the male reproductive tract, but the exact role of oestrogen in male reproductive biology is unclear. Male and female Wistar rats used for this study were offspring of female rats maintained on a low soy diet (containing 112 μg/g isoflavanoid) prior to conception through to weaning. After weaning, the juvenile rats were fed the same low soy diet into adulthood. Six adult male rats were transferred to a high soy diet (containing 465 μg/g isoflavanoid) (n = 6); the remaining male rats were continued on the low soy control diet (n = 8). On days 3, 6, 12 and 25 following the commencement of the high soy diet, the male rats were housed overnight with prooestrus female rats (1:1). The female rats were housed separately until parturition. The size and sex ratio of the litters were recorded. After the final mating, the male rats were killed and the epididymides were removed. Sperm counts were performed on the initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda of one epididymis from each rat. Sperm counts showed fewer sperm in the initial segment (P<0.05), corpus (P<0.05) and cauda (P<0.01) epididymides of high soy rats, as compared to the low soy rats. The litter sizes for the treatment groups showed an exposure-dependent response. The litter sizes of the day 3 (P<0.01) and day 6 (P<0.05) high soy groups was significantly lower than the low soy group, while litter sizes of the day 12 and 25 groups were not significantly different to low soy fed animals. The sex ratios of the litters from both groups were not significantly different. In conclusion, short-term exposure to high phytoestrogen levels reduces male fertility. The mechanisms involved in these changes are being investigated.


In this paper, we outline a study conducted on altered rocks in Central Kazakhstan, in particular, focusing on secondary quartzites. The study reveals a connection between copper-porphyry deposits in Central Kazakhstan and secondary quartzites. Recent research has unveiled gold mineralization in various secondary quartzite massifs, which has spurred further investigations in the region. Over the past three decades, extensive studies have been conducted that have demonstrated similarities among the gold deposits in this area and epithermal gold-silver deposits in volcanic-plutonic arcs around the world. By identifying patterns in the distribution of gold mineralization and developing regional exploration criteria, researchers have comprehensively assessed 48 secondary quartzite massifs and have prioritized promising areas for further exploration. Valuable findings have emerged from detailed examinations of the Akgirek and Birlestik massifs, which have involved drilling exploration wells up to a depth of 250 m. These investigations have shed light on the depth distribution of metasomatites and their association with gold mineralization. Consequently, these findings strengthen our belief in the significant potential for gold mineralization in the secondary quartzites of the Jungar-Balkhash folded system.


Algebra is an important high-school subject and serves as a gateway to higher math education. Yet many students struggle with Algebra and are left behind. This paper describes a computer-based Algebra tutor for use in tandem with classroom instruction to provide adaptive practice with problem-solving skills. This tutor is designed so as to reify the problem-solving process to the student and bring it to their awareness. This is accomplished in the problem-solving environment that supports each problem with helper sub-problems that are organized in a metacognitive framework. The tutor also adapts instruction to provide optimal challenge to each student. In addition, the tutor adapts the interface to provide help suggestions to students who have difficulties solving problems. The tutor is currently being evaluated.


To introduce technical innovation measure of producing limestone,use small grain sized coke(15-30mm)as a raw material to replace the former 22-40mm coke in a large vertical limestone kiln,and regulate the air distribution and other technical indices,change the mix way of fuel and limestone,effectively control production process.By doing so the production cost is decreased and the content of calcium oxide is increased.


A software-defined wireless local area network (SDWLAN) has gained significant interest recently from both the academic and industrial communities and initiated a paradigmatic reconsideration on the stereotyped management and control of current WLAN due to its flexibility and programmability. However, with the proliferation of mobile devices, efficient client association with quality of service (QoS) guarantees in the high-density SDWLAN is a very challenging issue. In this paper, we study the client association problem in the SDWLAN with new features, including centralized association, global network state awareness, seamless handoff, and flow-level association. We formulate the client association in a high-density scenario as an optimization problem aiming to minimize the interpacket delay of individual flows, based on an unsaturated and heterogeneous Markovian analytical model. Furthermore, we interpret the optimization problem as an NP-hard supermodular set function minimization problem, which is solved by two low-complexity heuristic methods, namely the greedy algorithm and the bounded local search algorithm. Through simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed client association solution.


The application of network computing technology, more and more widely, its security is particularly important to the emergence of trusted computing research for the security of network computing application technology research has provided new opportunities. In this paper, the credibility of Web-based computing environment, the structure of thought and its implementation model.


AbstrQct This paper forms the first systematic examination of the foreign o'peratiotl5 of Singapore in dustrial and commercial finns listed on the Stock Exchange of Singapore. It was found that out of a total of fifty~two such firms, nearly four out of five have" foreign operations, and more than three out of fiye have operations in countries ot her than in Singapore and Malaysia. This is a remarkably high propor (io n givenrChe opportunities available for reinvestment in a rapidly growing inrernaJ market. Whiie most of these rcrc:ign investments were in [he other countries in the Southeast .~ia region, Singapore lirms are also beginning to undertake significant foreig n investments i.r. devc:ioped :oumries. Thus, while very few Singapore firms are true multinationals. a significant proportion have extensive investme!llS in operating affiliates in foreign countries.


In this paper, the influence that amortization and opportunity cost as well as deduction percentage have in intangible assets valuation are studied, and the solutions are put forward.


Boyd (2004) questions the cultural association that we (Dunham et al. 2003:113) draw between burial mounds in central Virginia and the colonial era Monacan Indian people. We respond to Boyd's points, agree that any such interpretation be open to further discussion, but defend our cultural and historical interpretation as the most logical and parsimonious given the available data.


in the evolution of massive stars, following the onset of instability, collapse and formation of a neutron star. Formation of a neutron star is accompanied by a huge amount of energy, approximately20% ofthe restmass energy ofthe star, but almost all this energy isreleased in the form of weakly interacting and hardly registrated neutrino. About 0.1% of the released neutrino energy would be enough for producing a supernovae explosion, but even transformation of such a small part of the neutrino energy into the kinetic energy of matter meets serious problems.Two variants are investigated for obtaining explosion. The first one isbased on development of convective instability, and more effective heating of the outer layers by a neutrino flux. The second model is based on transformation of a rotational energy of a rapidly rotating neutron star with its envelope into theenergy ofexplosiondue to action ofamagnetic field as a transformation mechanism. Calculations in this model in 1- and 2-dimensions give a stable value oftransformation ofthe rotationalenergy into the energy ofexplosion on the leveloffew percents. This occurrance to be enough for explanation ofthe energy release in supernova explosion. The last model gives a direct demonstration ofnonlinear interaction between hydrodynamicalandhydromagneticsystems.At firsta field is amplifiedbydifferentialrotation,then thisenhancedfieldleadstotransformationoftherotationalenergyintotheenergyofexplosion.


. Shipping is a component of maritime transport. The government regulates and directs maritime transportation. The harbormaster is responsible for the significance of safety and security concerns in shipping. The goal of this study is to examine the regulation of shipping in positive law in Indonesia and the authority of the porter based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2008 pertaining to Shipping as it relates to the creation of shipping safety and security. According to the findings of the study, the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2008 pertaining to Shipping contains regulations pertaining to several areas of shipping. The law controls matters involving significant aspects of maritime transportation and offers guarantees for shipping in Indonesian waterways. The Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2008 pertaining to Shipping governs Syahbandar's functions and responsibilities for maritime safety. The harbormaster is responsible for shipping safety and security, which includes implementation, supervision, and law enforcement in the sector of transportation in waters and ports, as well as maritime environment protection in ports.


This paper presents an improved low power design of a 4-bit Johnson Counter which is designed using and Clock enable method. The proposed design shows a power reduction of 5mW as compared to the conventional Johnson counter which is 7mW. Pulse triggered flip flop employed in the proposed design can save power up to 28.57% as compared to the conventional design. All the simulations were carried out using Xilinx software in SIM module.


We report a new mutation on the α2-globin gene causing α+-thalassemia (α+-thal) with a deletion of a single nucleotide (T) at amino acid residue 43 [HBA2:c.130delT or HBA2:c.131delT]. This frameshift deletion gives rise to a premature termination codon at codon 47.


A pressure sensor includes a base substrate silicon fusion bonded to a cap substrate with a chamber disposed between the base substrate and the cap substrate. Each of the base substrate and the cap substrate include silicon. The base substrate includes walls defining a cavity and a diaphragm portion positioned over the cavity, wherein the cavity is open to an environment to be sensed. The chamber is hermetically sealed from the environment.


Micro-cut tapping(Mc) with gas-stimulation is a novel exploitation technique being studied.The economic feasibility,in the aspects of socio-economic development,superiority of labor productivity and additional costs of Mc is analyzed.


The rapid development of computer application is propelled by the advancement of network and terminal technology.Users can acquire various distributed applications on the network.However,all these depend on the fixed Operating Systems,such as Windows,Linux,etc.A new remote booting protoco-MRBP2 is presented,by which different Operating Systems can be acquired from servers on the network and dynamically executed on the clients.During the process,the client downloads the Operating System with Operating System Preboot Mechanism and Sector based File Transfer Protocol.The paper also describes the implementation and application of MRBP2.


Abstract This paper builds on the two-factor mortality model known as the Cairns-Blake-Dowd (CBD) model, which is used to project future mortality. It is shown that these two factors do not follow a random walk, as proposed in the original model, but that each should instead be modelled as a random fluctuation around a trend, the trend changing periodically. The paper uses statistical techniques to determine the points at which there are statistically significant changes in each trend. The frequency of change in each trend is then used to project the frequency of future changes, and the sizes of historical changes are used to project the sizes of future changes. The results are then presented as fan charts, and used to estimate the range of possible future outcomes for period life expectancies. These projections show that modelling mortality rates in this way leaves much greater uncertainty over future life expectancy in the long term.


In this paper, we describe the key features of the recently completed technical design for the International Linear Collider (ILC), a 200–500 GeV linear electron–positron collider (expandable to 1 TeV) that is based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) technology. The machine parameters and detector characteristics have been chosen to complement the Large Hadron Collider physics, including the discovery of the Higgs boson, and to further exploit this new particle physics energy frontier with a precision instrument. The linear collider design is the result of nearly 20 years of R&D, resulting in a mature conceptual design for the ILC project that reflects an international consensus. We summarize the physics goals and capability of the ILC, the enabling R&D and resulting accelerator design, as well as the concepts for two complementary detectors. The ILC is technically ready to be proposed and built as a next generation lepton collider, perhaps to be built in stages beginning as a Higgs factory.


According to the documents and statutes issued in recent years, and in the reference of the practice of religion legislation in other countries, this paper expounds the religion legislation in China and points out the problems and shortcomings.


Food is an indispensible part of our lives. In today's globalized market, food from different geographical regions show remarkable variations in the choice of ingredients and the ways to prepare them. Some cuisines have ingredient choices unimaginable to customers habituated to other cuisines, but still present surprisingly tasty dishes. Besides unique ingredients, even the same ingredients, depending on the preparation process, may end up preserving different fractions of the nutritional value and very different calories. If restaurant networks provide a mobile app that can aim at a photograph of a plate of food and report its cuisine, the composing ingredients, and list other similar dishes, it could be a good marketing strategy. In addition, restaurants of a specific cuisine can also refer to other cuisines' use of ingredients to sparkle ideas for more creative dishes that utilize similar ingredients in new ways. One core component of such an application is to recognize the cuisine and ingredients on a plate of food. Then the information may later be used to compare cuisines and find a network of common ingredients in the dishes.


The utility model belongs to a forest fire protection tool used for mounting foam fire protection isolation zones in front of forest fire. The utility model has the principle of the main structure that mixed liquid is pressure pumped into a nozzle 5 combined with a plurality of holes through a water cage belt 1 and a nozzle core 2, and the mixed liquid is ejected out from the nozzle 5 combined with a plurality of holes. Moreover, the mixed liquid ejecting flow is dispersed by a dispersing rack 7. The atomized foam liquid is evenly ejected on a foaming net 8. Thus, a great amount of air foam is generated and ejected from the front end of an ejecting barrel 6. The utility model has the advantages that the ejecting amount of the foam can be adjusted, the ejecting range is raised, and the foam is adequate and rich. The utility model is particularly suitable for the occasion of the foam fire protection isolation zone mounted in front of forest fire.


Abstract We study centre symmetry sets and equidistants for a I-parameter family of plane curves where, for a special member of the family, there exist two inflexions with parallel tangents. Some results can be obtained by reducing a generating family to normal forms, but others require direct calculation from the generating family.


This article analyses the process leading to the legalization of Freies Deutschland organizations in France and Switzerland. They were founded in the autumn of 1943 following the creation of the mother organization – the National Komitee « Freies Deutschland » – by Wehrmacht prisoners of war and German political refugees. These organizations aimed to bring down the Nazi regime and to gather together German refugees and soldiers who shared the same goals. The article also analyses the reception of these organizations by the French and Swiss governments, and examines to what extent they allowed them to exist and to develop their activities in both countries. Their reaction to these organizations was mainly determined by their own policies in the fields in which Freies Deutschland also wanted to intervene.


In this article we have considered a non-standard finite difference method for the solution of second order  Fredholm integro differential equation type initial value problems. The non-standard finite difference method and the composite trapezoidal quadrature method is used to transform the Fredholm integro-differential equation into a system of equations. We have also developed a numerical method for the numerical approximation of the derivative of the solution of the problems. The numerical results in experiment on some  model problems show the simplicity and efficiency of the method. Numerical results showed that the proposed method is convergent and at least second order of accurate.


Viscous Flows in Besov Spaces.- The Dynamical Systems Approach to the Navier-Strokes Equations of Compressible Fluids.- Adaptive Wavelet Solvers for the Unsteady Incompressible navier-Strokes Equations.- Asymptotic Problems and Compressible-Incompressible Limit.- Weighted Spaces with Detached Asymptotic in Application to the Navier-Strokes Equations.- On the Mathematical Theory of Fluid Dynamic Limits to Conservation Laws.


The authors have analysed the cluster size distribution for three-dimensional kinetic gelation. The simulations are done on cubic lattices of size up to 453 and they include 30% solvent molecules which are capable of diffusing. They observe that the cluster distribution as a function of cluster size is non-monotonic. The peak of this distribution shifts to larger values of s as the reaction proceeds. For fixed extent of reaction the peak shifts to smaller values of s as the concentration of initiators is increased and eventually crosses over to random percolation type behavior. They find that for large s the cluster distribution at pc behaves as ns approximately s- tau with tau =2.3+or-0.2 in agreement with the value for random percolation. They perform a direct measurement of the fractal dimension df of the largest cluster at gelation and find that df is the same as in random percolation.


Using data from a parent survey, the author examined factors that influenced parents to enroll their children in a 5-day summer music camp. Survey questions included (a) What were the determining factors for enrolling your child in the class? (b) What activities did your child enjoy/value the most? (c) What musical activities do you and your child participate in at home? and (d) What activities did the parent participate in at home or while in school? Learning new music activities to share together, developing skills to help their children in day care, and having fun sharing music were the top reasons cited. Musical implications of early childhood teacher training and previous parent involvement are discussed.


Complement receptors (Cr)1 and 2 have been established to have important roles in control of complement activation in the immune microenvironment and B cell responses. Previous work investigating the effects of these receptors in vivo has relied on a double knockout mouse line in which each of these receptors was deleted. However, two drawbacks of this mouse must be acknowledged: 1) that both receptors are deleted and roles of each must be inferred, and 2) that the essential B cell signaling protein CD19 is expressed at a significantly higher level than WT cells. We have created a Cr1 deficient line of mice (expressing Cr2) by homologous gene targeting that expresses normal levels of Cr2 gene products on B cells. This animal has normal ratios of bone marrow, B2 cell, and B1 B cell populations. Cr2 negative marrow B cells express the same amount of surface CD19 as WT but mature Cr2-expressing B cells express less. These Cr2-only mice generate normal to slightly enhanced antibody titers to T-dependent and T-independent (both 1 and 2 antigens.) In conclusion Cr1 is not critical for development and maintenance of B cell populations nor for the generation of antibodies to naïve antigens. This mouse, along with the Cr1/2KO, will be a critical tool in delineating Cr1 specific immune response effects.


Reference preparation for proteins in human serum (RPPHS), also called Certified Reference Material 470 (CRM 470), was prepared by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) and is intended to serve as a new international plasma protein reference material. It is now being introduced into Japan. RPPHS possesses many excellent properties, including safety, stability, and accuracy in value assignment. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of its proteins are identical to those of fresh serum, giving it immunochemical behavior that is commutable with that of existing reference materials and calibrators in given immunoassays. Reference intervals of 13 serum proteins were determined for the first time using nephelometry and a new working calibrator assigned from RPPHS, which seems certain to play a critical role in the global standardization of specific protein immunoassays. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 11:39–44. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


1. A method for modeling migration of cancer cells nonlymphocytic nature, comprising the steps of: (A) obtaining stem cells from bone marrow; ! (B) obtaining a genetically modified cells nonlymphocytic nature; ! (C) the fusion of bone marrow stem cell with a genetically altered cell, thereby forming a fused cell nonlymphocytic nature; and! (D) measuring the migration of said indicator cell fusion nonlymphocytic nature. ! 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that steps (a) and (b) include obtaining or culturing fused cells nonlymphocytic nature fusion using the previously prepared bone marrow stem cell with a genetically altered cell nonlymphocytic nature. ! 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (d) comprises in vitro assay scratches, notches, grooves. ! 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (g) is carried out in vivo. ! 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said cell in step (b) has an epithelial origin. ! 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said cell in step (b) is derived from carcinoma or carcinoma cell line. ! 7. A method for screening or biological action of a chemical agent to the migration of tumor cells nonlymphocytic nature, comprising the steps of! (A) obtaining a fused cell formed by the confluence of the bone marrow stem cell with a genetically altered cell nonlymphocytic nature; ! (B) contacting the fused cell with a biological or chemical agent; and! (C) determining whether stimulated inhibited whether or not modified tumor cell migration nonlymphocytic nature. ! 8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that said


Two groups of market samples were collected: four samples of whey produced in small scale facilities, and four samples produced in large scale dairy factories. The additional two groups: acid (a) and sweet whey(s) were collected in laboratory from cheeses produced from differently heated goat milk (A—65°C/30 min, B—80°C/5 min and C—90°C/5 min). Gross composition (dry matter content, fat content, protein content), pH, protein, mineral composition and microbial counts were determined. Obtained results for laboratory and market whey samples were analyzed by two-way and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Visualization of quantitative relationships within market and laboratory whey samples has been done by principal component analysis (PCA). Comparison of the protein composition of market samples with those from the laboratory suggested that the majority of goat whey from the market originated from milk heated between 65 and 80°C. While heat treatment of milk affected protein composition, coagulation type determined mineral composition of whey. The amount of Ca content was almost four times higher, while the amount of Zn is more than 15 times higher in acid than in sweet goat whey. The lack of influence of heat treatment on the Ca and Mg content in whey has been detected. Such behavior is the opposite of cow milk behavior, in which with the subsequent increase in heating temperature, the amount of soluble Ca and Mg decreases. For all analyzed samples, dry matter content was in agreement with the legally required minimum level (5.5%). Although legal requirements for safety and quality of small scale dairy products are more flexible than that of the large counterparts, there was not a single characteristic that differed significantly between small scale and large scale market goat whey.


The paper presents a simple method of assessing rivers water quality with the use of Biotic School Index (BIS), as well as the method of the interpretation of the results obtained with the application of the index. After analyzing more than 300 samples of water and macroinvertebrates, statistically significant correlations between the BMWP-PL and the BIS index values, as well as chosen physical and chemical water indices and the BIS index were presented.


The concept of pedagogy, pedagogical subject and the pedagogy as a science, discipline, knowledge and reflection, have been studied by many authors on all continents. This approach include the traditions of Germany, France, United States and Latin America. The conceptions of pedagogy have been set up throughout the history of education differ in the various regions and countries. This is why a thorough, detailed and profound analysis of the notion of pedagogy epistemic configuration requires to take into account not only the own epistemic from the same dimension but also its geographical dimension. This article describes the contemporary educational models, a characterization of postmodern educational trends is made, and it reflects on love and loving as a pedagogic model, introducing the term pedagogy of love.


Operational performance of kilowatt-class thin-disk ceramic and single crystal Yb:Yag lasers is presented. High pump power is applied to various thin-disk assemblies on two different test beds. The assemblies are composed of ASE caps, 200μm gain media, and heat sinks made of SiC, sapphire, or diamond. A novel mounting and cooling process is described. FEA modeling of the assemblies is performed using COMSOL stress and thermal computations to understand and quantify thermal and stress effects on beam quality and laser output power. Under increased pump power, the thin-disk can deform 5-10 μm in the center, destroying cavity stability. This is observed experimentally. The results of this work indicate that a single thin-disk laser could simultaneously produce high beam quality and high power if novel thermal management techniques are employed.


By applying methods of scientometrics and social network,the author investigated science citation index(SCI)papers of 59 Chinese academicians in biomedical domaim in order to analyze their cooperative relationships.The results showed that,rather than constructing an integral and connected network,the collaboration among these academicians was divided into several small cohesive groups.Inter-institutional and domestic collaborations were primary patterns.The United States was the major partner for international collaboration.Biochemistry and molecular biology was the primary and active leading disciplines,and computer science,as a bridge,was closely related to sub-disciplines of life sciences.In addition,it indicated that although Chinese academicians' collaboration activities had kept up with the times,the breadth and depth of their international collaboration need further development,the role of leading discipline should be integrated,and the disciplinary collaboration should be enhanced.


We study two related topics in decision fusion for multisensor image classification. The first topic is the use of a weighted logarithmic opinion pool compared to the statistical product combination rule. The performance is compared on three data sets. The second topic is related to different criteria for parameter estimation for a statistical fusion model. We propose an alternative criterion for estimation of the mean vector and the covariance matrix of a Gaussian model based on minimizing the number of misclassified training samples and compare the performance of this to the traditional maximum likelihood approach.


Teachers bound to have likes and dislikes with diverse type of students. A classroom will be a combination of students with different caliber, ability, slow learners, disabled as well as hyperactive. A teacher could have power over the students by inculcating motivation individually. Motivation and trust should help any student to think positive about his/her abilities. He / She can prevail over any blockage with appropriate encouragement and motivation from a teacher.


The review of the British universities during the two world wars reveals that there is a balance in the number of universities,but the science education is insufficient.The point of the higher educational development at this time is the establishment of the university grants committee(UGC).It is also exemplary of the British university management.The funding policies in universities help promote the development of various types of universities.


Wroclaw University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Wybrze e Wyspia skiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland 2-naphtholo-6-sulfonamide (NSDA) undergoes an excited state proton transfer to the environment when incorporated into Langmuir–Blodget (LB) films. We present the effect of acetic and hydrochloric acids, as well as ammonia and water vapour, on the fluorescence and absorption spectra of LB films. Acetic acid inhibits deprotonation of the excited state (ESDP), enormously (by up to 2 orders of magni-tude) increases the fluorescence quantum yield (Φ) of NSDA, blue-shifting its fluorescence band. The influence of hydrochloric acid on the fluorescence of NSDA is similar, although the enhancement of Φ is lower in this case. Ammonia leads to the promotion of ESDP and an increase in Φ. Water vapour does not change the fluorescence intensity markedly but it increases the probability of ESDP. These observa-tions can be explained by the formation of a complex between acetic acid and NSDA, and by limited penetration of ammonia and water into the film. Key words: 2-naphthol; fluorescence; Langmuir–Blodgett films


The horse gram is a traditional unexploited tropical grain legume well known for its hardiness, adaptability to poor soil and adverse climatic conditions (Bhokre et al., 2012). Horsegram has great significance in the nutritional security of rural, tribal and underprivileged masses (Bhartiya et al., 2015).Horse gram is gaining more attention as legume food due to its high protein content and other nutrients as well. Horse gram is popularly called "Madras Bean" due to the principal cultivation and production of this legume, especially in rural areas, in the erstwhile Madras Presidency State, India, before the states were separated. It is also known as the "poor man's pulse crop" (Vandarkuzhali and Narayanasamy, 2016). This neglected and under valorised crop has great untapped potential to support smallholder rural farming communities by Horse gram is a potential grain legume having excellent nutritional and remedial properties. It is less expensive source of protein and is also rich in minerals. An attempt was made to develop bhakari and chapati by incorporating horse gram flour at different levels. Control products were prepared without incorporating horse gram flour whereas experimental products were developed with varying levels of horse gram flour. Sensory evaluation, nutritional analysis and storage study was carried out for the value added products. Results showed that bhakari and chapati were well acceptable at 20 per cent level. Incorporation of 20 per cent of horse gram flour helped to increase protein, total minerals, calcium and iron in the developed products. Bhakari and chapati can be stored up to 24 hours in air tight steel container at room temperature. It can be concluded that horse gram flour can be utilized for development of value added bhakari and chapati. It can serve as a vehicle to enhance the nutrients such as protein, iron, total minerals, calcium and especially fiber content of the products. K e y w o r d s


By testing a series of solution 31P-NMR spectroscopy of model phosphorus compounds including inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate monoesters and diesters, and organic polyphosphate(determined in 1mol/L NaOH and 16.7% D2O), standard phosphorus spectra were obtained as references for solution 31P-NMR studies of sediment phosphorus. The results showed that the 31P-NMR signals of phosphorus compounds interested in environmental studies generally fall between 6.5×10-6 and -25×10-6, including orthophosphate at 6.412×10-6, pyrophosphate at -4.353×100-6, polyphosphate at -18.159×10-6 to -20.246×10-6 (middle group P) and -3.53×10-6 to -4.40×10-6 (terminal P), orthophosphate monoesters at 4.3540×10-6 to 6.3652×10-6, orthophosphate diesters at -0.107×10-6 to 2.195×10-6, and organic polyphosphate at -8.833×10-6 to 9.499×10-6 for the a-P. Structure surroundings effect the chemical shifts of phosphorus compounds.


When work is 'boundless' and 'seamless' where and how do workers' lives intersect with the space-time continuum of place-based communities? Who and what are they accountable to? Telemediation is fragmenting work across increasingly complex, transnational networks. Workers in these networks must negotiate through a multitude of temporal, contractual and trans-cultural milieus. This paper traces the trajectory of the work experience using case studies of telemediated work relationships in various points in the global supply chain and analyses the implications of telemediated spaces for the quality of workers' lives. Drawing on an analysis of case studies conducted by the EMERGENCE Canada project, this paper argues that telemediated work represents a shift in the scale at which many aspects of daily life unfold, and that some of the assumptions upon which workers' lives are governed must be reconsidered.


Doug Stroud, Canyon Offshore, Inc, USA, recounts the completion of two flowline burial projects in the Gulf of Mexico, illustrating the advantages of insulated and buried pipe over pipe in pipe [PIP] solutions.


Cheese is obtained by the coagulation of milk, followed by maturation under the action of microorganisms which are responsible for the development of physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of cheese. Among various microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an essential role in establishing sensory characteristics of the cheese. In Cameroon, the effect of isolated LAB on the sensory characteristics of cheese produced from local cow milk has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the present work aimed to isolate LAB and evaluate their influence on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of locally produced soft cheeses. Four strains of LAB were isolated and identified as Enterococcus sp.1, Enterococcus sp.2, Pediococcus sp., and Leuconostoc sp. These isolates were combined in batches for production of cheeses, including Frm 741 (Enterococcus sp.1 and Enterococcus sp.2), Frm 891 (Enterococcus sp.2 and Leuconostoc sp.), Frm 683 (Pediococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp.1), Frm 425 (Pediococcus sp. and Leuconostoc sp.), Frm 503 (Pediococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp.2), Frm 439 (Leuconostoc sp. and Enterococcus sp.1), and Frm 625 (Enterococcus sp.1, Enterococcus sp.2, Leuconostoc sp., and Pediococcus sp.). Cheese produced from the combination of Enterococcus sp.1 and Enterococcus sp.2 (Frm 741), unlike the others, did not drain properly throughout the production process. However, all products showed excellent microbiological quality in relation to biological contaminants, such as Salmonella, staphylococci, and coliforms. Moreover, cheese Frm 425 was most appreciated by consumers for its sweet taste, yellow colour, pleasant smell, and low acidity (51.7°D). On the other hand, cheese Frm 439 was least appreciated by consumers owing to its bad odour, bitter taste, and high acidity (144.9°D). Taken together, the present work demonstrated that the isolated LAB could be used to produce soft cheese with a natural rind and unique sensory characteristics that are appreciated by Cameroonian consumers.


Turning test were conducted on JIS ACBA aluminum alloy casting to study the effects of Na and P on its machinability. The results obtained were summarized as follows : (1) The cutting resistance of the specimen treated by Na was slightly higher than that of the specimen treated by P. (2) The roughness of the finished surface was nearly under the same conditions between the both specimens treated by Na and P. Remarkably irregular surface was found in the range of low cutting speed owing to the adhesion of built-up edge on the tool rake face and the rising of machined surface during cutting. However, the built-up edge disappeared with the increase of cutting speed and the roughness of machined surface approximated to the theoretical roughness. (3) The chip forms and chip treatments were nearly under the same conditions between the both specimens treated by Na and P. (4) The tool life for the specimen treated by P was much shorter than that for the specimen treated by Na with the increase of cutting speed. (Received Oct. 7. 1970)


Cost-wise task scheduling focuses on the cost associated with the completion of a task. It involves balancing the cost of completing a task against the potential benefit or value of completing the task. Cost-wise task scheduling involves determining which tasks should be completed first in order to maximize the value of the tasks in terms of cost-benefit ratio. This can involve analyzing the cost of materials and labor associated with each task, as well as considering the associated risks and rewards. Cost-wise task scheduling can help organizations to prioritize tasks and ensure that they are completed in an efficient and cost-effective manner. In this paper, a cost wise task scheduling model for complex transmission in ultra dense cloud networks. It is an model-based task scheduling model that is designed to use genetic models to set computation capacity and set task transmission time. The proposed model based on the task mapping, genetic model, and priority scheduling can effectively execute next task as soon as one task is finished.


A series of photostable, hydrophilic and functional near infrared quaterrylenediimide-cored dendrimers (QR-4Gn-COOH, n=1-5) based on polyamides were developed. Preliminary in vitro fluorescence imaging of QR-4G5-COOH showed that the dendrimer was primarily located in cytoplasm.


A completely testable circuit does not have any undetectable or redundant faults. We consider the problem of making synchronous sequential circuits that have synchronizing sequences completely testable for stuck-at faults. The method proposed is based on the removal of logic corresponding not only to redundant faults, but also to some undetectable yet irredundant faults. Thus, the proposed approach reduces the circuit size in addition to reducing or eliminating the extra hardware that may be otherwise necessary to render the circuit completely testable. A theoretical framework for achieving this goal was established earlier (1993). In this work, we give a detailed procedure based on the concepts of the previous work and give experimental results of its application.


Abstract The structural, formal, and social eccentricity of the Drop City artists' commune in Colorado defied conventional definition as architecture, but rendered it a singular motif in accounts of experimental architecture, and made it a countercultural domicile without peer. Drop City's architectural innovations included a "bricolage" interpretation of Richard Buckminster Fuller's geodesic domes, a geometric structural system known as the Zome, and passive solar devices. Before it became a spectacle of degeneration, Drop City was posited as a creative laboratory for cultural and environmental "praxis," and it remains a case study of altered architectural parameters.


Building information technology includes production process information technology and management information technology. The first one can improve efficiency and productivity, and the other one can improve the business treatment efficiency and management level. In this paper, combining with the application requirement of building construction, application research o virtual simulation technology is discussed, which is one of the key technologies in the information construction process. Furthermore, by analysis of Zhengda Plaza in Shanghai, the application of this simulation technology is introduced in detail.


The presented work deals with analysis of non-ideal effect of pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) such as random capacitor mismatch, comparator offset and finite op-amp gain. These factors arise during a conversion in the pipelined ADC when using CMOS technology and switched-capacitors (SC) technique. The pipelined ADC was simulated in MATLAB-Simulink simulation environment.


Author(s): EMORY, JASON | Advisor(s): Song, Anna V | Abstract: Despite widespread knowledge as to the dangers associated with smoking behavior, 20% of the United States population continues to smoke (Center for disease control, 2011). Novel intervention techniques need to be developed for those who continue to smoke despite awareness of the associated health risks. This dissertation explores the possibility that implicit cognitions that occur automatically and outside of conscious awareness might be specifically targeted for the purpose of behavior change. Two research questions (RQ) have guided the theory and methodology used in these two studies: RQ 1) can smoking related implicit attitudes be delineated into subdomains that mirror domains of explicit smoking attitudes?, a RQ 2) can interventions that tap into smoking related implicit associations produce changes in implicit and explicit attitudes? Study 1 assessed multiple implicit measures of cognition, each designed to tap into a unique domain of implicit smoking attitudes. The results of a factor analysis conducted on the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald a Banaji, 1995) in study 1 suggest that all four IATs tap into the same basic construct. Thus the answer to RQ 1 appears to be negative: smoking related implicit attitudes cannot be delineated into distinct domains. Study 2 assesses a novel interactive intervention that utilizes implicit methods of message delivery in hopes of impacting implicit and explicit smoking attitudes. The results of this study suggest that explicit, but not implicit, attitude change occurred, providing partial support for RQ 2. Additional research in the area of implicit cognition of smoking behavior is necessary to build upon these findings and explore the plausibility of an implicit intervention as a means to help reduce smoking behavior. Future directions and implications for policy are discussed.


The advantage and disadvantage of existing 4000-meter oil-rig transmission were analized,combine the characteristic of hydraulic transmission,the YO750,7503 hydraulic coupling transmission had been developed,which have higher efficiency recently,the oil-rig transmission efficiency were improved 14 percent,the oil consumption is greatly lower,the life of engine and transmission is also improved.


The progress in the polishing of glass, in particular fused silica glass, with bound-abrasive is reviewed in the paper. The technique is rather successful in some respects, e.g. material removal rate, surface roughness, flatness of substrates. The surface roughness can be as low as <0.5nm (Ra) comparable with loose pad/pitch polishing for fused silica. On the other hand, the material removal rate is so high that the ground surface can be polished to specular (Ra:1~2nm) within a quarter of an hour. The technique can be adapted to polish plane, spherical, aspheric surfaces and even free-form surface. The technique is next to free of subsurface damage after slightly wet chemical etching. Because ceria is utilized as abrasives and epoxy resin as binding materials softer than or comparable to fused silica, the shape of the polishing tools is easy to be shaped and dressed and need no truing. The technique may provide a potential solution to fast polishing of glass.


Many factors affect how people express emotion and affective messages, such as culture, gender, posture, etc. Many studies within neuroscience and psychology aim at evaluating if, and how, gender in particular affects emotion recognition. The majority of this research shows that females are better perceivers of emotion from facial expressions than males. However, there are few studies aimed at addressing the issue of which factors are important for recognizing emotion conveyed by body posture and avatars. In this paper we examine the effect of gender on the recognition of affect from whole body postures of 3D avatars. Our first results, indicating that females tend to be faster in recognizing affect from body posture seem to reinforce the results of studies on the recognition of affect from facial expression.


Objectives: To investigate the association between C677T gene polymorphism of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and impaired renal function in pregnant women with preeclampsia in the Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 230 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension (GH) or preeclampsia-eclampsia (PE) were selected as the study subjects. The personal information, gestational information, clinical indicators, and the C677T gene polymorphism of MTHFR were texted. This study used the random urinary protein as a grouping basis: the GH group and the PE renal function impairment group. Results: Compared with the GH group, the PE renal function impairment group had increases in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), liver and kidney function indicators (creatinine, uric acid, urea nitrogen, cystatin C, and alanine aminotransferase), and blood lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein) but had reductions in platelet count, plasma protein (total protein, albumin, globulin, prealbumin), and trace elements (calcium and zinc). The homocysteine level in the TT genotype was higher than that in the CC and CT genotypes (12.24 ± 5.38 mmol/L, 11.42 ± 3.68 mmol/L, 22.06 ± 10.90 mmol/L, P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was associated with PE renal function impairment in the recessive model (odds ratio (OR): 1.838, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.061–3.186, P < 0.05) after adjustment for age. Conclusion: The C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene, a key enzyme in plasma homocysteine metabolism, is an independent risk factor for impaired renal function in pregnant Chinese Han women with PE.


Objective To evaluate the usefulness and efficacy of endovascular graft exclusion (EVGE) in treating thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). Methods Twenty-five cases of TAD, including 24 cases of Standford B and 1 case of A, were treated by EVGE. The clinical outcome and morphological changes of the lesions were analyzed during a 2-20 months′ follow-up. Results Procedures were technically successful in all 25 cases, while a total of 28 stent-grafts were deployed (3 cases with 2 stent-grafts in each). Complete disappearance of the false lumen or remarkable decrease of the endoleak was noted on the angiograms after stent placement. No severe procedure-related complication was observed, and thrombosis of the false lumen was noted during the follow-up. Conclusion EVGE is effective and reliable in treating TAD, especially for patients with sub-acute or chronic courses.


The invention discloses a touch control system and a touch control method for managing files / folders. The touch control system comprises a touch sensing unit, a touch action parsing unit, a file image moving unit, a management icon display unit and a file management unit. According to the touch control system and the touch control method for managing the files / the folders, predefined gestures are executed on a touch display screen, and defined icons and defined images are displayed on a screen of a portable electronic device. As long as one or more predefined movable file / folder images on the touch display screen are pressed in a touch mode at first, a predefined gesture is executed along a predefined route and in a predefined direction to reach a predefined position, then a defined icon image is pressed in a touched mode, and options and functions can appear. Through the touch control system and the touch control method for managing the files / the folders, operation buttons are led out on the touch display screen through a dragging method, the touch manipulation efficiency can be improved, and the misoperation rate is lowered.


Objective:To establish a sensitive and specific HPLC method for controlling the quality of the composite injection of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong.Methods:RP-HPLC gradient programs were ap- plied for quality assessment of the injection,and the specific(fingerprint)chromatogram of the injections from 10 batches was established.Results:RSD of precision and reproduction of the method were less than 3%,and the sam- ple was stable within 12 h.The HPLC chromatographic specific fingerprints of the injection showed 17 characteristic peaks,and the peak areas percents of five were more than 5%.Taking the peak of ligustilide(No.16)as the refer- ence,RSD of the relative retention time among 10 batches was less than 2.6%,and RSD of the relative areas over 5%was less than 1.5%.Conclusion:The specific(fingerprint)chromatogram of the injection with high specificity can be used to control its quality and assure batch to batch consistency.


Based on VAR model, the effects of economic growth, industrial structure and energy efficiency on Jilin province's carbon emission have been analyzed. It is found out that economic growth and energy efficiency change in the opposite direction of carbon emission, while industrial structure changes in the same direction of it, which are main reasons for carbon emission growth. According to this, government should apply its "green function" so as to adjust industrial structure, improve energy transformation and energy efficiency.


Moldova is one of the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union and is bordered by Romania on the west and Ukraine on the north, east, and south. It is the second smallest (3.4 million hectares) of the former Soviet Republics, similar in size to the state of Maryland, and is the most densely populated (4.3 million people). Agriculture is the country's primary industry with 51 percent (1.75 million hectares) of its territory under cultivation and an additional 205,000 hectares of vineyards. With a moderate climate and highly arable and fertile soils (75 percent of the region consists of Chernozems), Moldova has a tremendous agricultural production potential. This state was a leading agricultural supplier of the former Soviet Union and accounted for a large portion of the Soviet Union's exports during the final years of the regime. While possessing tremendous soil resources for agricultural production, Moldova is poor in fuel energy resources, and about 98 percent of the country's fuel needs are imported. Moldova pursued an aggressive transition to a democratic society and a free market economy following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. The …


Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) technology continues to progress and remains a viable candidate for next generation lithography1, which drives the need for EUV resists capable of high resolution with high sensitivity and low LWR. While chemically amplified resists (CARs) have demonstrated the ability to pattern 12nm half-pitch features2, pattern collapse continues to limit their ultimate resolution. We have taken multiple approaches to extend resist capabilities past these limits. Recent results in pattern collapse mitigation using a resist encapsulation and etch back strategy will be discussed. We continue to investigate EUV patterning of semi-inorganic resists to simultaneously increase EUV photon absorption and extend mechanical strength beyond CAR capabilities. The limitations of metal oxide-based nanoparticle photoresists have been investigated, and have provided key insights to further understanding the mechanism of this class of materials.


Molybdenum−iridium clusters Mo2Ir2{μ4-η2-C2[(CH2)6OH]2}(μ-CO)4(CO)4(η-C5H4R)2 [R = H (5), Me (6), (CH2)9O(THP) (7); THP = tetrahydropyranyl] are formed from reaction of Mo2Ir2(μ-CO)3(CO)7(η-C5H4R)2 with the alkyne HO(CH2)6C2(CH2)6OH. Reaction of 6 and 7 with the diisocyanate OCN(CH2)4NCO affords oligourethanes [−O(CH2)6(μ4-η2-C2){Mo2Ir2(μ-CO)4(CO)4(η-C5H4R)2}(CH2)6OC(O)NH(CH2)4NHC(O)−]n [R = Me (12), (CH2)9O(THP) (13)], with transition metal clusters in the backbone, the extent of polymerization being ascertained by size exclusion chromatography and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Characterization of the cluster-containing oligo- and polyurethanes was aided by 1H NMR and IR spectral comparison with model cluster diurethanes Mo2Ir2{μ4-η2-C2[(CH2)6OC(O)NH(CH2)3Me]2}(μ-CO)4(CO)4(η-C5H4R)2 [R = H (8), Me (9), (CH2)9O(THP) (11)], prepared from reaction between the cluster diols 5, 6, and 7 and the isocyanate Me(CH2)3NCO. The diol cluster 5 and cluster diurethane 8 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffracti...


Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Matrix metalloproteinase protease (MMP) activation causes mitochondrial dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that HCY activates myocyte mitochondrial MMP (mtMMP), induces mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), and causes contractile dysfunction. Mice were administered HCY (0.6g/L) in drinking water for 10 wks. The mtMMP activity was measured by zymography. MPT was measured by decrease in light absorbance at 540 nm. Cellular calcium transients were detected using IonOptix edge detection system. The effect of MK‐801(NMDA‐R1 blocker), GM6001 (MMP blocker), and cyclosporine A (MPT blocker) on myocyte contractility was evaluated. HHCY induced the mtMMP‐9 and caused MPT. Calcium decay was faster in WT compared to HHCY. A decrease in cell shortening, maximal rate of contraction (−dL/dt), and maximal rate of relaxation (+dL/dt) was observed in HHCY (Fig. 1). Furthermore, HHCY‐induced decrease in cell shortening, −dL/dt, +dL/dt was attenuated with MK‐801, GM6001, and cyclosporine A. We conclude that HHCY activates mtMMP‐9, increases MPT leading to decrease in contractility by activating NMDA‐R1. This study was supported by AHA post‐doctoral training to KSM and NIH to SCT.


Peter Auriol's Scriptum in primum librum Sententiarum holds a special place in the intellectual history of the fourteenth century. Its size alone sets it apart from most other works of its type. There is a substantial obstacle to overcome in analyzing Auriol's citations: the early modern edition by Cardinal Costantino Sarnano. This chapter is based on the results of a count of all of the citations in Auriol's rubrics and their collation against the 1596 edition. This was accomplished in the following way: as part of the Peter Auriol editing project, the Institute for Church History of the University of Copenhagen funded the electronic transcription of the entire Scriptum from the printed edition. Keywords: Peter Auriol; Primum Librum Sententiarum ; Sarnano edition; scriptum


Relay network assisted wireless terminal has an advantage for easily constructing wireless network but a disadvantage for information leak to the wireless terminal. For secure wireless communication, an encryption but the sharing of secrete key between information source and destination are required. A secure information sharing with artificial noise and mirroring null steering for avoiding the information leak to untrusted relay has been proposed. In this paper, for enhancing the security of this proposed secure information sharing, we consider two transmit controls, transmit power control (TPC) and the adaptive node selection of information source. We evaluate the secure capacity by computer simulation.


The choice of architecture of artificial neuron network (ANN) is still a challenging task that users face every time. It greatly affects the accuracy of the built network. In fact there is no optimal method that is applicable to various implementations at the same time. In this paper we propose a method to construct ANN based on clustering, that resolves the problems of random and ad hoc approaches for multilayer ANN architecture. Our method can be applied to regression problems. Experimental results obtained with different datasets, reveals the efficiency of our method.


The operating temperature of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack is a very important parameter to be controlled, which impacts the performance of the SOFC due to thermal cycling. In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy control method based on an affine nonlinear temperature model is developed to control the temperature of the SOFC within a specified range. Fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate nonlinear functions in the SOFC system and an adaptive technique is employed to construct the controller. Compared with the traditional fuzzy and proportion-integral-derivative (PID) control, the simulation results show that the designed adaptive fuzzy control method performed much better. So it is feasible to build an adaptive fuzzy controller for temperature control of the SOFC.


To the Editor: Pencina et al. (April 10 issue)1 report that 12.8 million more adults in the United States — mostly older adults who do not have cardiovascular disease — would be eligible for statin therapy under the new guidelines of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC–AHA) for the management of cholesterol. The 2013 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines on the management of lipid levels in chronic kidney disease are more inclusive.2 Unlike the ACC– AHA guidelines, which include a lower limit for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level (70 mg per deciliter [1.8 mmol per liter]) and an upper limit for age (75 years), the KDIGO guidelines do not include these limits, and primary prevention with either a statin alone (e.g., simvastatin at a dose of 40 mg per 24 hours and a cost of €0.08 [approximately $0.11 in U.S. dollars] per pill) or simvastatin at a dose of 20 mg plus ezetimibe at a dose of 10 mg (€1.95 [approximately $2.65 in U.S. dollars] per pill)3 is recommended for all patients with chronic kidney disease (defined as a persistent estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area or a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams] of >30) who are not undergoing dialysis and are older than 50 years of age. The KDIGO guidelines, as compared with the ACC–AHA guidelines, may further increase the eligibility of older patients, since the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among the 18.5 million persons in the United States who are 75 years of age or older is 60% (approximately 11.1 million persons), and the baby-boom generation is fast approaching that age.4,5 Angel Gallegos-Villalobos, M.D.


1Weeds Division, Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X 134, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa 2USDA-ARS, Aquatic Plant Control Research, 3205 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314, USA 3CSIRO Entomology, Long Pocket Laboratory, Private Bag 3, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068 Australia 4USDA-ARS, South American Biological Control Laboratory, Bolivar 1559, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina 5University of the Witwatersrand, Ecophysiological Research Programme, Department of Zoology, Johannesburg, Wits, 2050, South Africa


Core clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 include influenza‐like and respiratory symptoms. However, it is now evident that neurological involvement may occur during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, covering an extensive spectrum of phenotypical manifestations. A major challenge arising from this pandemic is represented by detecting emerging neurological complications following recovery from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. To date, a few post‐COVID‐19‐infected subjects diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) have been described, raising the possibility of a connection between the infection and neurodegenerative processes. Here, we describe a case series of six subjects who developed PD after COVID‐19.


Here in this paper we have proposed for a protocol to be implemented at the village level. As at the v illage level as there are few agencies to be contacted at village level so this uses a local label addressing of 4 bits to support 16 agencies with 3 bits Time to live header which checks weather a packet is reached or not. Thus being small packet size this protocol is faster and able to support fast network service at village level.


The title complex is formed through the photochemical treatment of the benzyl complex [Mo2Cp2(μ-CH2Ph)(μ-PCy2)(CO)2] (Cp = η5-C5H5). It reacts reversibly with CO to give the ketenyl complex [Mo2Cp2{μ-C(Ph)CO}(μ-PCy2)(CO)2] and with methyl triflate to give the mixed-carbyne derivative [Mo2Cp2(μ-COMe)(μ-CPh)(μ-PCy2)](CF3SO3), which in turn yields reversibly the C−C coupled products [Mo2Cp2{μ-η2:η2-C(OMe)CPh}(μ-PCy2)L2](CF3SO3) (L = CO, CNtBu) upon addition of L. In the presence of [FeCp2](BF4), the title complex adds three PHEt2 molecules to give the phosphinocarbene derivative [Mo2Cp2{μ-η1:η1,κ1-C(Ph)PEt2}(μ-PEt2)(CO)(PHEt2)](BF4).


The quality of library selectors' initial decisions about which titles to relegate to storage will determine how convenient patrons are going to find the arrangement. Some of these decisions will inevitably need to be reversed over time, as research interests evolve and mistakes come to light. If patrons request storage items frequently, circulation records can identify these items for possible return transfer. Monographs can usually be restored easily, but serials pose harder questions, since back runs take up so much space on the home shelves. At the University of Florida, each request for a stored serial volume is compared to previous requests from the same title. Examining clusters of years retrieved over time provides an opportunity to "derelegate" portions of a back run, rather than the entire mass, to the active collection. Such a transfer saves shelf space, and responds directly to users' demonstrated needs.


Organometallic halides structure, for example, AMX3 method monocrystalline organometallic halide perovskite are grown using the inverse temperature solubility. .The 1.1A