The gist of this article boils down to the problems of practice-oriented training of university marketing specialists in the context of the development of the digital economy. In modern market conditions, in the context of digital economy only those higher education institutions that pay close attention to the organization of student work practices can successfully function and develop dynamically. The role of production practice is wide and diverse. It is not only testing the theoretical knowledge of students obtained at the university when working at the enterprise, but also establishing long-term and mutually beneficial relations with employers. This is the development of practical skills and abilities of a future specialist with higher education, the formation of an actively creative personality that is able to constantly develop and improve. Industrial practice is an integral part of the educational process for the training of marketing specialists and in the context of the transition to a multi-level education system. It becomes clear that work is required to improve approaches to organizing industrial practice and the system of interaction with employers at the university. The article shows various forms of interaction with employers and student involvement in socially significant projects in the city of Yekaterinburg, aimed at improving the competitiveness of the university. Based on the selected target segment, positioning was carried out based on three points of differentiation: the result for everyone, the simplicity and uniqueness of the methodology and the learning speed. Final positioning concept is formulated in the paper.


The price of guqin continues to surge In recent years, guqin has become very popular on China's auction market. Its price is surging, ranging from RMB ten thousand to even hundreds of millions. In 2003, the guqin named Dasheng Yiyin crafted in the Tang Dynasty was sold for 8.91 million yuan at China Guardian spring auction, a world record at that time. It was owned by the renowned collector Wang Shixiang, who named himself "the slave of qin". His wife Yuan Quanyou was a master of guqin. For so many years, Dasheng Yiyin had been the


Chapter 2 provides practical tips for starting conversations with boys about how they can help fight sexual violence. As a backdrop to this lesson, the author provides his own backstory and identifies protective factors that led him to reconsider his stance toward sexual violence. Readers are invited to consider which of these factors can be replicated for the boys they know, such as providing them with a community, a space to practice, and a personal invitation to help. Some common defenses held by boys are also identified so that readers can consider how to overcome them as they craft their own personalized methods of reaching out to boys.


ABSTRACT This article argues that Abdulaziz Al-Mahmoud's novel The Corsair (2011) reimagines Qatar's collective memory of its past to differentiate the emirate from other Gulf states. It sees the novel as a national allegory with the words and actions of its protagonist, Erhama Bin Jaber, representing the identity that Qatar seeks to promote. The Corsair challenges traditional interpretations of the Arabic novel as a national allegory by highlighting its unorthodox representation of the relationship between east and west. Contrary to typical portraits of British–Arab relations found in colonial history, The Corsair asserts a fraternity between Qatari Arab and British actors that underscores once more the intrinsic difference of the state from other Gulf nations. The article concludes by arguing that The Corsair is a literary manifestation of what Marwa Maziad identifies as a deliberate process within Qatar to extend the national history and allow a deeper sense of belonging.


Flexural stiffness of a single load-induced crack was determined. Modal analysis was performed on the beam prior and after each load stage. Mode shapes were extracted and eigenvectors used to determine the mode shape equations. Global flexural stiffness w as derived by utilizing the regressed variable λ and the local flexural stiffness was derived by applying the centered-finite-divided-difference formula on the regressed data. The global stiffness decreased with increasing severity of the crack. Results compared with values computed using the load-deflection plot showed similar trends. The algorithm may be used as a technique for detecting crack damage in reinforced concrete


This paper describes the implementation of the toolkit software for the DICOM. the international standards of medical imaging. Well known toolkits do not have the functions related to imaging or ported to Windows OS after developed at UNIX OS or do not have mechanism for the speed and memory management or have complicated structure comes from DICOMI complexity. The toolkit introduced in this paper was designed for the hospital environments. It handles mass images at Windows based PC system. supports multi-threading to enhance the efficiency. supports every functions in Object Oriented Programming style needed at clinical application which makes the rapid development of the DICOM related applications. The results says that the toolkit can display 50 CT, 50 MR, 10 CR and 10 DX images in 12 seconds and occupy small quantity of physical memory at usual PC system.


Environmental restoration and management decisions facing the US Department of Energy require balancing trade-offs between diverse land uses and impacts over multiple spatial and temporal scales. Many types of environmental data have been collected for the Hanford Site and the Columbia River in Washington State over the past fifty years. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is integrating these data into a Geographic Information System (GIS) based computer decision support tool. This tool provides a comprehensive and concise description of the current environmental landscape that can be used to evaluate the ecological and monetary trade-offs between future land use, restoration and remediation options before action is taken. Ecological impacts evaluated include effects to individual species of concern and habitat loss and fragmentation. Monetary impacts include those associated with habitat mitigation. The tool is organized as both a browsing tool for educational purposes, and as a framework that leads a project manager through the steps needed to be in compliance with environmental requirements.


FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: method involves forming the first strip as the first tubular bifurcating part, the second strip being formed as the second tubular bifurcating part. The third strip is formed as tubular rod part and the both bifurcating parts are attached to the tubular rod part. The second version involves forming the first strip as the first tubular bifurcating part and the first rod half, the second strip being formed as the second tubular bifurcating part and the second rod half. Both rod halves are formed as forked stent. The third version has two tubular unexpandable members to be sequentially introduced and joined inside of the blood vessel in the bifurcation area to be treated. EFFECT: improved engagement of stent surface with internal surface of bifurcating blood vessels. 3 cl, 21 dwg


A new method to obtain the frequency response character of the hygrometer using a fine thermocouple psychrometer by introducing the new concept, that the internal energy of the environment is constant, is presented with a practical example.


We prove that the product replacement graph on generating 3-tuples of An is connected for n ≤ 11. We employ an efficient heuristic based on [P1] which works significantly faster than brute force. The heuristic works for any group. Our tests were confined to An due to the interest in Wiegold's Conjecture, usually stated in terms of T -systems (see [P2]). Our results confirm Wiegold's Conjecture in some special cases and are related to the recent conjecture of Diaconis and Graham [DG]. The work was motivated by the study of the product replacement algorithm (see [CLMNO,P2]).


Early application of the embedded system is more focused in the field of Industrial Controlled and Intelligent Robot. But with the development of wireless communication and Information Appliance, Embedded System is applying wide and wide. The enormous economic benefits that it brings attract numerous domestic and international manufacturers to put into among them. Through compare the embedded operating system with general operating system, this paper describes unique characteristic of embedded operating system and its development prospect. And has done the detailed introduction to embedded Linux operating system.


riting in the New York Times, columnist David Brooks recently described a "distinct brand of social misfits" in "fields like law, medicine or politics, where a person's identity is defined by career rank". He fears that their childhoods may have been spent in domestic "achievatrons" that ensured their academic success but compromised their interpersonal skills. Brooks believes that American society produces a disproportionate number of people with a "rank-link imbalance", which he described as "the social skills required to improve their social rank, but none of the social skills that lead to genuine bonding". These people have opinions about everything and "treat their conversational partners the way the Nazis treated Poland. They crush initial resistance, and the onslaught of accumulated narcissism is finally too much to bear".1 It is hard to know whether Australia has a disproportionate number of "misfits" in law, medicine or politics, but if this is the case, Brooks suggests that they are the people most likely to force their way to the top of their career ladder and make life miserable for the rest of us. One way of producing doctors (or lawyers or politicians) with a capacity for genuine bonding might be to broaden their education. However, physician and writer Rafael Campo argues that "no one has proven that injecting the humanities in any form into medical settings translates to more humane physicians or better cared-for patients". Campo's use of the word "injecting" is telling; it conveys a sense of the humanities as something foreign to medicine. To appreciate whether the humanities are indeed foreign to medicine, try to imagine a health care facility in which no ethical issues are explored, no lessons have been learnt from the past, no cultural awareness is displayed, no written words (other than technical communications) appear, and no books, films, television programs, plays or concerts are discussed by patients or staff. Imagine that there are no artworks, no music and no other aesthetically pleasing elements. Although some of our hospitals are admittedly run down, the products of the arts and humanities are nevertheless all around us. Two recent Australian examples illustrate why we need to draw on the humanities in health care. The first is the front cover of the 19 May 2008 issue of this Journal, which depicts the phrase "Sorry, the first step" spelt out in candles in front of Parliament House. Many doctors are indeed sorry that biomedical solutions to Indigenous health problems have been confounded by ignorance concerning Indigenous history and culture. Fortunately, the Indigenous Health Curriculum Framework prepared for the Committee of Deans of Australian Medical Schools gives priority to topics such as culture, self and diversity, Indigenous history and society, and models of health service delivery. All of these areas draw on knowledge and insights from the humanities. The arts also offer teaching resources that provide for better cultural understanding. Recent examples include the film Ten canoes, which imaginatively recreates the world of the Yolngu people; Kate Grenville's novel The secret river, and Doris (Garimara) Pilkington's book Follow the rabbit-proof fence and its subsequent film adaptation; and plays Murras, Coordah and The keepers, which explore the impact of government policies of forced removal. Such resources communicate and educate by being emotionally engaging. The second example relates to quality and safety in health care. Among the competencies outlined in the National Patient Safety Education Framework are communication skills, teamwork, leadership, honesty and respect.7 The intellectual foundations for these competencies lie in the medical humanities, in particular psychology, sociology, philosophy and ethics as applied to medical practice. Biomedicine puts at our disposal the tools for safe, effective health care; the humanities explore their wise application in practice. Certain educational approaches accommodate the humanities better than others. Problem-based learning and its variants engage students' emotions by giving each patient a story. However, problem-based learning is easily subverted by ignoring or parodying the human, experiential features of clinical problems. Privileging biomedical subjects over the humanities quickly alerts students to what counts as knowledge.3 A good medical curriculum provides time and resources for emotional engagement, reflection, and independent, self-directed learning — qualities that characterise what is best about the study of the humanities. The human experience of illness is most powerfully conveyed to students by those who have first-hand knowledge. It can be supplemented by poems, novels and films that faithfully represent that experience: Iris, A beautiful mind and The sea inside (which explore dementia, schizophrenia and quadriplegia, respectively) are recent examples. The Medical Humanities website of New York University provides an extensive database of resources on literature, arts and medicine. In the United States, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has identified compassionate patient care and professionalism among six required competencies for residents, which training programs must assess. It has been suggested that the humanities, and specifically bioethics, could contribute to resident education. However, it has been argued that time and effort would be better spent in humanising the US health care system itself. The humanities cannot make people behave well. The late John Eisenberg, Director of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in the US, has shown that doctors respond to many different influences. Well intentioned educational interventions will not produce more humane doctors if their role models' behaviour suggests that it is better to do well than to do good. Medical facilities are moral worlds in which humane behaviour is elicited by being treated humanely, both in medical schools and in clinical settings. The humanities provide insight into why people (including patients, doctors and politicians) behave as they do and have done in the past. Equipping students with such insight is a necessary but not a sufficient strategy in the neverending battle with the rank-link misfits. W


The present invention is provided with a first telephone, a repeater for managing first accommodation location information on the first telephone, and an exchange having a management table for managing as a set, for each of a plurality of second telephones, second telephone identification information, second accommodation location information on a second telephone connected to the repeater, and extension numbers. If the exchange receives a registration request containing first telephone identification information and first accommodation location information on the first telephone, and the first telephone identification information does not match any of the second telephone identification information registered in the management table but the first accommodation location information does match any of the second accommodation location information registered in the management table, then the second telephone identification information in the same set with the matching second accommodation location information is changed to the first telephone identification information in the management table, and an extension number in the same set with the matching second accommodation location information is used as the extension number of the first telephone.


Objective To research the preparation technolog of the nifedipine immediate-release capsules and to study their drug release in vitro.Methods The granulation were prepared by Fluidized-bed spray granulation with nifedipine suspension which was prepared by high-speed shear mixing technique and were filled in capsule ,Furthermore, to validate the technolog. Results The nifedipine immediate-release capsules dissolution achieved 90% in 10 minutes, which was greater than approximately 23% compared with the market ordinary tablet. Conclusion The technolog is feasible and simple and it can be available in large-scale production.


Getting the books dog whistle politics how coded racial appeals have reinvented racism and wrecked the middle class ian haney lopez now is not type of inspiring means. You could not single-handedly going with ebook store or library or borrowing from your links to right to use them. This is an enormously simple means to specifically get lead by on-line. This online publication dog whistle politics how coded racial appeals have reinvented racism and wrecked the middle class ian haney lopez can be one of the options to accompany you behind having new time.


In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy output tracking decentralized control approach is proposed for a class of switched uncertain nonlinear large-scale systems under arbitrary switchings. Fuzzy logic systems are directly used to approximate the ideal intermediate control functions. Under the framework of the backstepping control design and fuzzy adaptive control, a direct adaptive fuzzy output tracking control method is developed. Based on common Lyapunov function theory, it is proved that the proposed control approach can guarantee that all the signals in the switched closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) and the tracking error remains an adjustable neighborhood of the origin.


The scarcity of large histopathological datasets can be problematic for Deep Learning in medical imaging and digital pathology. However, transfer Learning has been shown to be promising for the effective training of classifiers on smaller datasets. ImageNet is a popular dataset that is commonly used for transfer learning in various domains. The features extracted from the ImageNet dataset are generalizable and can be applied to alternative tasks and datasets. Deep Learning typically requires a vast amount of data for training, however, in our study we interrogated two datasets with patches extracted from only 30 whole slide images (WSIs) and 60 WSIs respectively. As a consequence, we decided to extract features and feed them into separate classifier models such as a fully connected softmax layer, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Logistic Regression. This study demonstrated that for the small dataset, the best pretrained feature extractor was DenseNet201, whereas the best model for training was a fully connected softmax layer with a reported accuracy of 88.20% and an average f1-score of 0.881. For the larger dataset size, the best feature extractor was InceptionResNetV2 where the highest accuracy and f1-score of 90.60% and 0.908 was produced when classified using a fully connected softmax layer. All models, apart from ResNet50 demonstrated an improvement in performance when pretraining using ImageNet for bottleneck feature extraction.


Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been applied to study the microstructural features of immature cement mortars. Two types of cement mortars containing superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were studied, in addition to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The ortho-positronium lifetimes for all samples were in the range of 1.70-1.73 ns, values that are close to that of free water (1.7 ns) and hence suggest the presence of water-filled pores. Periodic lifetime measurements showed that the intensity of this component decreased slightly over a period of four weeks, indicating water loss associated with the curing process, evaporation or a combination of the two.


An adaptive discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for linear elasticity problems is presented. We develop an a posteriori error estimate and prove its robustness with respect to nearly incompressible materials (absence of volume locking). Furthermore, we present some numerical experiments which illustrate the performance of the scheme on adaptively refined meshes.


As the European Union (EU) moves toward greater market integration, its progress toward women's equality has been a disappointment to many European women and feminists, although in forty years, actions of the European Community (EC) had led to some favorable developments in the member states with regard to women's rights as workers and women's political representation. The 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam, which has yet to be ratified by governments of the member states, does not contain the great institutional reforms for which EU citizens, both female and male, were waiting. It has not helped forward the construction of European citizenship, nor indeed has it produced any real solution to the enduring "democratic deficit" and the limited power of the European Parliament. It continues a policy of "extreme gradualness" in building European citizenship and democracy. The Amsterdam Treaty still fails to include a basic common standard of fundamental social rights guaranteed to EU citizens. In fact, the social rights recognized in the European Social Charter of 1961 and the 1989 Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers only figure in the Amsterdam treaty as general principles that are not legally binding. However, the most important innovation is the integration of the Social Policy Agreement into the treaty that broadens the EC's competence and the powers of the European Parliament in the area of social policy. This may foreshadow a positive new phase in social policy. Most pertinent for women, the Amsterdam Treaty also contains a new article, number thirteen, that empowers the Council of Ministers, acting unanimously, to take "appropriate action" to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age, or sexual orientation. This


The content of this paper is focused on the design and realization of the carrier tracking in satellite navigation and positioning receiver. Based on analyzing the advantages of FLL and PLL, a method of carrier tracking which combining second-order FLL and third-order PLL is presented. This method is very easy to realize in FPGA. Hardware implementation uses Altera′ s CycloneⅡ EP2C70.Additionally the paper details programming method of using Verilog HDL. The test result shows that the design keep dynamics performance and tracking precision at the same time.


Competitiveness is one of the most misunderstood concepts of the 1990s. It has drawn substantial attention from the government and business communities during the last 25 years. Morrisson et al. (1988) noted that between 1983 and 1987, the term competitiveness appeared more than 5700 times in the titles of newspapers and magazine articles. The growth of importance and interest can also be observed from the increase in the bibliographical entries in ABI/Inform database. From 1981 to 1986, the topic "international competitiveness" increased by about 26 listings per year (a total of 159 in 6 years) and the rate increased to 45 listings per year from 1987 to 1993. Academic interest in the area has also increased and as a result, new developments contemplating conceptualization and understanding of competitiveness are taking place. However, to no one's surprise, writers from different disciplines offer a variation in perspective when describing the concept, understanding, and postulation of competitiveness.


Designing pile foundations to resist uplift forces is becoming of increasing concern, and is especially prevalent in the design of lightweight steel frame buildings or on sites with residual soils. This paper introduces a modern pile-modification strategy known as winged pile that increases pile-tension capacity by providing an affirmative anchorage close to the pile tip. In this study, a nonlinear 3D analysis with an elastic plastic soil model, an elastic pile material and interface elements are used to model the modified pile–soil interaction. A numerical study using finite element analysis PLAXIS-3D was run on piles without/with wings. Studies were done by changing the wing-width ratio (Dw/dp = 2, 3, 4 and 5), number of wings (nw = 0.0, 2 and 4). The effect of sand relative densities were also considered. Results indicated that the adopted wings at the pile end have a considerable effect in increasing the uplift capacity with lesser deformation. It has been found that, for the same wing-width ratio (Dw/dp), the wing efficiency for uplift capacity increases as the sand relative densities increase. For the wing-width ratio (Dw/dp of = 5) and number of wings of (nw =4) the improvement in the uplift capacity are found to be (2.2, 2.33 and 2.45) times of normal pile without wings for sand density of (30, 50 and 80%) respectively. The existence of such wings at the lower part of the piles was provided an ideal anchorage system because of the significant locking-up effect of the soils within the wings, resulting in increased uplift capacity.


BACKGROUND: Unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures often fail to get a good reduction using a traction bed, which usually needs auxiliary reduction by open reduction or other minimally invasive reduction techniques. OBJECTIVE: To explore the treatment outcomes of proximal femur nail anti-rotation (PFNA) on patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture in lateral position. METHODS: Data of 84 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures admitted from May 2013 to August 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. They were acute fractures, and classified by AO classification, including 26 cases of type A2 and 58 cases of A3. The patients were then divided into two groups (n=42 per group): group A received manual reduction in lateral position, and group B received reduction on a traction bed in horizontal position. The quality of fracture reduction, failure rate of closed reduction, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy times, healing time and Harris scores at 1 year postoperatively were recorded for comparative analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the group B, in the group A, the quality of reduction was improved, the operation time was reduced by 13 minutes, intraoperative blood loss was reduced by 50.65 mL, fluoroscopy times was reduced by 18.59 times, and the Harris score at 1 year postoperatively was increased by 10.58, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). (2) In summary, the PFNA in lateral position for reduction of unstable intertrochanteric fractures can shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative blood loss and improve the reduction efficacy, thus exhibiting a more obvious advantage compared with the traction bed. Subject headings: Femoral Fractures; Internal Fixators; Tissue Engineering Funding: a grant from China Hunan Provincial Science & Technology Department, No. 2013T2012 0 引言 Introduction 良好的复位及坚强的固定是股骨转子间骨折患者能够 早期下地活动,恢复生活质量的前提条件。因此,目前对 于老年股骨转子间骨折的患者一般采用牵引床闭合复位, 股骨近端防旋髓内钉微创置入内固定术。一般股骨转子 间骨折在牵引床的牵引和旋转下可取得较好的闭合复位效 果,但是许多较小的医院没有购置牵引床,使用牵引床需 要较长的术前准备时间,且存在一些继发损伤,如压迫会 阴部血管神经;对于一些A2,A3型的难复性股骨转子 间骨折,利用牵引床牵引复位效果并不理想,为了避免复 位失败,因此有研究建议对于一些难以复位的股骨转子间 骨折采用切开复位。作者在临床治疗这一类型骨折的实 践中,放弃牵引床牵引复位,改用侧卧位手法牵引复位, 发现侧卧位手法牵引复位对治疗难复性股骨转子间骨折有 其独特优势,不但能缩短术前准备时间、术中还可以大幅 度的牵引复位获得较好的复位质量,现将手术主要过程和


Backround:Cosmetic compounds are widely consumed and their use is increasing by socioe-conomic developments. Although they may also induce photoallergic contact dermatitis, information about incidence and frequent allergens are not available in Korea.
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The general objective of the paper is to formalize a speech with a theoretical and practical purpose concerning the options of accountancy policies in conditions of regulation, standards, compliance, convergences, harmonisations and professional liberties.


Starbursts are a significant component of the present-day universe, and offer unique laboratories for studying the processes that have regulated the formation and evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. The combination of large aperture size, medium-to-high spectral resolution, and access to the feature-rich far-ultraviolet band make FUSE a uniquely valuable tool for studying starbursts. In this paper, I summarize several of FUSE's ``greatest hits'' for starbursts.


AIM:To investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum spores on superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),total antioxidative capacity(T-AOC),cytochrome C,heat-shock protein 70(HSP70),mitochondrial Ca2+ and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the brain tissues of epilepsy rats.METHODS: The rat chronic epilepsy model was by intraperitoneal injection of pentetrazole(PTZ) at a subconvulsant dose(32 mg/kg).Flame atomic absorption method was used to detect the content of mitochondrial Ca2+,and spectrophotometer colorimetry was used to measure SOD activity,MDA content,T-AOC and cytochrome C levels in rat brain tissues. HSP70 and BDNF were determined by immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: The contents of mitochondrial Ca2+ and cytochrome C were higher,and the content of intracytoplasmic cytochrome C in the rat brain tissues was obviously lower in Ganoderma lucidum spores group than that in epileptic model group.Compared to epileptic model group,the activity of SOD and T-AOC in cytoplasm of the rat brain tissues decreased while MDA increased,and the numbers of BDNF-positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased in Ganoderma lucidum spores group.The positive neuron population of HSP70 in hippocampus,basal nucleus and cortex was significantly higher in Ganoderma lucidum spores group than that in epilepsy model group.CONCLUSION: Ganoderma lucidum spores attenuate the impairment of neuronal mitochondria induced by seizure,and accelerate the expression of BDNF,resulting in restoring the energy metabolism in mitochondrion,thus alleviating the impairment and apoptosis of the brain tissues.


A 72-year-old woman with a 2-week history of painless jaundice, pruritus, pale stool and dark urine was admitted for further assessment. There was no associated weight loss. She had a past history of pacemaker insertion for complete heart block. Physical examination was unremarkable apart from jaundice. Liver function tests were as follows: alkaline phosphate 297 U/L (30–115), gamma glutamyl transferase 183 U/L (0–35), bilirubin 381 lmol/L (0–15 lmol/L), alanine aminotransferase 89 U/L (0–30 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase 45 U/L (0–35 U/L), albumin 44 g/L (36–48 g/L). International normalized ratio was 1.2 and CA19-9 was 143 U/mL (0–38 U/mL). Full blood examination and urea and electrolytes were within normal limits. The gall bladder was normal on ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen with contrast did not indicate a pancreatic mass. Further imaging, given the patient's elevated bilirubin and presence of a pacemaker, were limited. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was done, which confirmed distal pancreatic and common bile duct strictures with moderate proximal dilatation of the biliary tree. The working diagnosis was a small pancreatic cancer not visualized on CT. Sphincterotomy was performed and a plastic stent was inserted for biliary drainage. Following surgical consultation the patient underwent a Whipple's procedure and made a full recovery. Histology confirmed a diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic autoimmune pancreatitis as the cause of her presentation. Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare condition associated with other autoimmune disorders including primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.1,2 The clinical presentation is variable and includes biliary and pancreatic strictures similar to what is seen in primary sclerosing cholangitis; pancreatic head mass and recurrent pancreatitis.3 The following findings on CT or magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas may point to the diagnosis: enlargement of the pancreas, sausage-shaped pancreas, rim-like enhancement of the pancreatic head and strictures of the main pancreatic duct. Blood tests may indicate an elevation of IgG4 and autoantibodies maybe positive.4 The diagnosis is confirmed on pancreatic biopsy, which may indicate lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Prednisolone may be of benefit although the ideal regimen is not known. This case illustrates the challenges involved in the diagnosis of pancreatic disorders and alerts the surgeon or physician to the limitations of the diagnostic modalities that are often exclusively relied on to confirm a diagnosis.


Caucasian bluestem [Bothr&xhloa tmucaka (Trln.) C.E. Hubb.] ls a warm-aeaaon grass introduced from Eurasia that is currently used for reseeding rangelands in the southern Great Plahts. Although this species is thought to be graaing tolerant, no specific information is available concerning its response to gradng. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 2 levels of grazing on xylem water potential ($) and total leaf conductance (IT) of Caucasian blueatem. During the grazing period (mid May to mid September) diurnal tj and gT measurements were made on 3 days in 1983 and 1984, and afternoon measurements were taken at weekly intervals ln 1984. Soil moisture at 15,45, and 75 cm depths was monitored in 1984. Heavily graaed plants exhibited consistently higher (less negative) $, and generally higher gT than lightly grazed plants. Averaged over the season, heavy graxing increased mean afternoon 1,4 and gT by 28 and 7646, respectively, compared to light grazing. Soil moisture was conserved with heavy graaing; treatment differences were greatest during July, which is generally the driest summer month in central Oklahoma. Thus, for Caucasian bluestem, leaves from heavily graxed swards were under less water stress than Ieavea from lightly graaed swards.


Research on the effect of the vacuum system on porous product defects and microstructure on the ADC-12 aluminum alloy material with cold chamber die casting machine has been carried out. In the injection process in cold chamber die casting, the aluminum material commonly used is namely ADC-12. The ADC-12 aluminum alloy has better resistance to corrosion, is lightweight, has ease of casting, good mechanical properties, and dimensional stability. The purpose of this study is to compare the vacuum system with overflow system using ADC-12 aluminum alloy material with observed parameters are porosity, trapped air pressure, hot spot level, hardness level of Vickers Hardness, XRD analysis, and microstructure analysis with Light Optical Microscope (LOM). The results of the analysis using the Magma flow software, the vacuum system is better than the overflow system in terms of porosity and product yield, which is influenced by the amount of air trapped and the hot spot level. The level of hardness in a product with a vacuum system is better than a product with an overflow system. The average hardness in the vacuum system is 162,235 while in the overflow system is 147,615. Thus, the use of a vacuum system can increase the level of hardness in products by around 9%. With the change in usage from the overflow system to the vacuum system, it shows an increase in dislocation density followed by an increase in lattice strain and a decrease in the level of crystal size of the product.


Due to higher elimination ability of switching frequency ripple and lower inductor volume, grid-connected inverter with LCL filter is commonly utilized when it is compared by that with L filter. However, high-order grid-connected inverter may bring resonance issue easily. To address this issue, this paper is dedicated to obtaining maximal damping ability for high-order grid-connected inverter via a solving-equation-based analysis method. Firstly, a discrete-domain expression of high-order grid-connected inverter is derived. Secondly, the damping characteristics based on the derived expression are analyzed in detail by combining multiple influence factors simultaneously. Furthermore, to obtain the largest damping ability, the maximal damping ratio (MDR) curve is also given in order to provide a guideline to design controller parameters in practice. Finally, the proposed analysis method is verified by simulation results.


Subthreshold circuit designs are very much popular for some of the ultra-low power applications, where the minimum energy consumption is the primary concern. But, due to the weak driving current, these circuits generally suffer from huge performance degradation. Therefore, in this paper, we primarily targeted analyzing the performance of a near-threshold circuit (NTC), which retains the excellent energy efficiency of the subthreshold design, while improving the performance to a certain extent. A modified row-based dual 4-operand carry save adder (CSA) design has been reported in the present work using 45 nm technology. Moreover, to find out the effectiveness of the near-threshold operation of the 4-operand CSA design, it has been compared with the other design styles. From the simulation results, obtained for the frequency of 20 MHz, we found that the proposed scheme of CSA design consumes Watt of average power (), which is almost 90.9% lesser than that of the conventional CSA design, whereas, looking at the perspective of maximum delay at output, the proposed scheme of CSA design provides a fair 44.37% improvement, compared to that of the subthreshold CSA design.


In this paper,we defined the object-oriented Petri nets.First,we abstracted the fourobjects of the e-commerce logistics system. which were the customer,e-commerce center,warehouse center and transportation center and analyzed the demand of the operation process.Then we built four sub-processes which were the order sub-process,operation sub-process,warehouse sub-process and transportation sub-process, then analyzed the various functions of the model,and finally carried out a robust analysis of the typical e-commerce logistics system.


Nowadays' risk management of international big enterprise and small enterprise have different characteristics. Our big international enterprises should put emphasis on the whole global prevention of risk during the international investment activity. Besides, our medium and small international enterprises should make full use of their special advantage and lay down their own riskmanagement strategy on the basis of our national conditions.


Two major areas of research in dynamic programming are optimality criteria for infinite-horizon models with divergent total costs and forward algorithm planning-horizon procedures. A fundamental observation for both problems is that the relative cost of two possible initial actions for a given initial state may be quite insensitive to structural information in all but the first few periods of a multiperiod model. Recently Lundin and Morton have developed a unified machinery for the dynamic lot size model that provides a general optimality criterion for the infinite horizon problem and complete planning-horizon procedures. Here those ideas are extended to provide a formal infinite-horizon/planning-horizon framework for a reasonably general form of the dynamic programming problem. Several examples and illustrations are provided. The approach provides a good vehicle for investigating the non-stationary stochastic inventory problem; this work will appear elsewhere.


For more than fifty years, since the decision by European powers to partition Africa, there has been a struggle among those powers for possessions in Africa. As a result, five European nations have parcelled the continent among themselves and dominate the people as well as exploit their possessions. Great Britain has acquired control over more than 3,000,000 square miles of African territory with a population of more than 48,000,000. France controls over 4,000,000 square miles of territory with a population of nearly 35,000,000. Belgium's possessions in Africa of 931,000 square miles, populated by over 10,000,000 people, are nearly 80 times the size of that European country. Portugal controls areas in Africa of 801,327 square miles, or a territory nearly 25 times larger than herself, with a population of 7,500,000. Italy had acquired possessions in Africa of 916,798 square miles containing 2,360,000 people before her fascist forces invaded Ethiopia. Thus have the competitive acquisition of land and control over millions of population been carried forward.1 Today, the forces of European imperialism are planning the second phase of their occupation and exploitation of Africa. The old imperialism, heavy with its possessions, is confronted by a rejuvenated and militant extension of itself. This new and intensified expression of the old imperialism is fascism as personified in the Hitler and Mussolini regimes of G-ermany and Italy. Unwilling to resist the strongly supported and insistent demands of these new manifestations of Europe's century-old imperialism, the leaders of the old order have adopted a policy of collabora-


The purpose of this study was to find out the changes in beginners` batting movements after taking undergraduate baseball lectures, by comparing and analyzing the speed of bat, the angle of body and its segments, the angular velocity and so on. For this purpose, the author picked up five undergraduates who had not taken baseball lectures, and conducted three-dimension computerized tomography twice on them, that is, before and after taking baseball classes, with eight infrared cameras and two force platforms. The conclusions are, first, the time required for swing was shortened after taking the classes. Second, the maximum velocity of the bat-end was increased. Third, at the time of impact, while the rotation angles of the pelvis and the tip of left foot were increased, the left elbow had more flexion after the classes. Fourth, the size of ground reaction force was increased at the point of swing where the ground reaction force of left foot became maximized. As we can infer from these conclusions, beginners` hitting movements before taking baseball classes tended to swing only with the arms, without waist rotation and weight shift of the lower body, but after the classes, their movements were proved to be corrected into the swing using the lower body. For the future studies, the author expects a research in a close to real environment by using pitching machine.


This article describes changes in conventions among social scientists undertaking research with children and young people over the last decade, and discusses the legal position and aspects of the ethics of research with people under eighteen. It includes three brief case examples which illustrate the nature of the issues involved and ethics committees' responses to them, and concludes that although differences of opinion remain, a consensus is emerging about the need to let young people speak for themselves, subject to appropriate safeguards.


Objective: This study investigates the relationship between managerial overconfidence, transfer pricing, and tax risk, with a focus on tax management's moderating role.

Theoretical framework: Tax management is a critical concern due to its pivotal role in financing government activities. Low tax revenues in industries like manufacturing can adversely affect these activities, highlighting the need for effective tax management strategies. Managerial overconfidence can influence these strategies, potentially leading to positive and negative impacts on tax management.

Method: Population of this study was manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2019 period. The analysis made from 2015-2019, while 2014 was used as the basis to estimate the sales and asset growth as the proxy of managerial overconfidence. The sample of this study was selected using purposive sampling technique with the following criteria, manufacturing companies listed in IDX in 2014-2019 period, the company should have at least five companies in sub sector to estimate the managerial overconfidence per subsector to obtain data variation.

Results and conclusion: Findings indicate a significant relationship between managerial overconfidence and tax management, with managers demonstrating overconfidence tending to employ aggressive tax management strategies, thus minimizing tax payments. Furthermore, this study reveals inconsistencies in the research surrounding overconfidence's impact on tax management, necessitating further exploration.

Implications of the research: These results have implications for understanding the role of managerial traits in the decision-making process and developing effective tax management strategies to maximize government revenue.

Originality/Value: The present study confirms the agency theory's efficiency perspective, stating that overconfident managers may minimize tax management practice due to risk contingency or because they consider the long-term benefit cost. Overconfident managers are viewed as more effective in taking advantage of the growth potential, allowing them to enhance the organization's performance instead of minimizing tax payment that contains risk contingency.


The overwhelming dominance of the former liberation movement the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) in terms of electoral support since independence resulted in a de facto one-party rule in Namibia's democracy for the last 30 years. This has, in democracy theories, been labelled as competitive authoritarianism, and made it easy for SWAPO to fully endorse the democratic principles vested in the country's Constitution, adopted as the last step to national sovereignty resumed on 21 March 1990. This chapter presents an overview on the SWAPO dominance in Namibia's political system. It then looks at the degree the party and its leaders recognize and respect the constitutional democracy. It ends with a summary of the last National Assembly and Presidential elections, which suggest a turning point towards a loss of dominance and legitimacy of SWAPO, while still retaining the political control.


The main objective of the paper is to provide an actuator fault estimation scheme, which takes into account various uncertainty sources. In particular, they are divided into three groups: sensor measurement noise, process external exogenous disturbances as well as unknown fault dynamics. Contrarily to the approaches presented in the literature, they are not treated in the same waybut analyzed separately in a tailored fashion. Irrespective of the uncertainty source, the common approach is to minimize its effect on the fault estimation error in either $\mathcal{H}_{2}$or $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$sense. As a result, a mixed performance-based actuator fault estimation scheme is obtained and its convergence is carefully analyzed as well. The final part of the paper presents results obtained for the DC servo-motor and compares the proposed approach with an alternative one.


The reading of the word, is a step to the threshold and lends the way to humanization. This has its beginning from an early age. This article aims to discuss, from the relationships – the word and the world, the Self and the Other, the school and the life, the possibilities of reading under the child's eye. What does the child think of the experience of discovering himself reading and writing? It is a qualitative-narrative research in a Portuguese public school and shows the effects of reading on children's education. Has as theoretical framework Freire, Queirós, Niza.


Abstract : The dynamic and static behavior of a gas lubricated bearing, consisting of stretched foil sectors, is analyzed. General equations describing the fluid film and valid for shaft excursions of the order of the clearance, are desrived on the basis of planar motion and negligible fluid inertia. The analysis is then specialized to the case of a bearing consisting of three equally spaced foil sectors. For the static equilibrium condition, tensions and gaps are calculated and graphs are presented. For the dynamic case, the basic equations are linearized, and equations for the in- and out-of-phase steady-state response to sinusoidal excitation are derived. This serves as an illustration of foil-bearing dynamic behavior as well as for stability investigation. For the case of zero radial load, the effects of speed, rotor radius, foil thickness, wrap angle and initial tension on the coefficients of damping and stiffness are graphically presented. Within the range of parameters investigated, the following distinct characteristics of the foil bearing were found. (Author)


The goal of surface simplification is to reduce the number of triangles in 3D models, while maintaining quality. However, surface simplification can easily destroy the contour features of the original surface. The proposed method exploits the contour geometric characteristics of the surface, using a Shape Operator, to preserve the contour features, reduce the simplification-induced errors, and maintain similarity between the simplified and original models. This study compares the proposed method with the Vertex-Pair Contraction proposed by Garland. Experimental results demonstrate that the Shape Operator can effectively extract the contour features of the surfaces, modify the simplification ranking of feature vertices and adaptively preserve the contour features of the surfaces. That is, the Shape Operator proposed herein can reduce effectively the simplification-induced errors, and maintain the similarity between the simplified and the original models


Evolution, the process by which systems under non-random selective pressure become more complex, has been a pervasive force over 4.5 billion years of Earth history. Evolutionary episodes, including the prebiotic synthesis of biomolecules, the selection and organization of those molecules into self-replicating systems, the subsequent co-evolution of the geo-and biospheres, and the modem-day acceleration of chemical evolution through human invention, serve to illustrate this recurrent theme.


We have applied the maximum entropy method (MEM) to the analysis of quasi -elastic laser scattering (QELS) spectra and have established a technique for determining capillary wave frequencies with a higher time resolution than that of the conventional procedure. Although the QELS method has an advantage in time resolution over mechanical methods, it requires the averaging of at least 20 - 100 power spectra for determining capillary wave frequencies. We find that the MEM analysis markedly improves the S / N ratio of the power spectra, and that averaging the spectra is not necessary for determining the capillary wave frequency, i.e ., it can be estimated from one power spectrum. The time resolution of the QELS attains the theoretical limit by using MEM analysis.


Abstract We report on Monte Carlo simulations of binary mixtures of single-occupancy hard spheres, which were conducted to evaluate coexistence with the fluid phase. The simulations were performed in a semigrand ensemble in which the temperature, pressure, total number of spheres, and fugacity fraction are independent variables, while the mixture composition and density fluctuates, and thus are averaged. Using the pure components as references, the composition averages were integrated as a function of fugacity fraction to determine the mixture free energy for comparison with the fluid phase. Three mixtures were studied, of diameter ratio Λ = 0.95, 0.93, and 0.90, respectively. A spindle-type diagram is observed for the Λ = 0.95 mixture, while the Λ = 0.93 and Λ = 0.90 mixtures each display an azeotrope. The results are in satisfactory but not complete agreement with previous simulation studies.


This paper seeks to analyse the different levels of dependence from land ownership among the peasantry. The first part describes the fragmentation of manorialism and the complex network of property rights in the hands of the lords, both the nobility and the ecclesiastical institutions. The second part deals with the rent. And the third part considers the relations between manorialism and land ownership with the evolution of settlement and conflicts among the lords.


Ranking is a ubiquitous method for focusing the attention of human evaluators on a manageable subset of options. Its use ranges from surfacing potentially relevant products on an e-commerce site to prioritizing college applications for human review. While ranking can make human evaluation far more effective by focusing attention on the most promising options, we argue that it can introduce unfairness if the uncertainty of the underlying relevance model differs between groups of options. Unfortunately, such disparity in uncertainty appears widespread, since the relevance estimates for minority groups tend to have higher uncertainty due to a lack of data or appropriate features. To overcome this fairness issue, we propose Equal-Opportunity Ranking (EOR) as a new fairness criterion for ranking that provably corrects for the disparity in uncertainty between groups. Furthermore, we present a practical algorithm for computing EOR rankings in time $O(n \log(n))$ and prove its close approximation guarantee to the globally optimal solution. In a comprehensive empirical evaluation on synthetic data, a US Census dataset, and a real-world case study of Amazon search queries, we find that the algorithm reliably guarantees EOR fairness while providing effective rankings.


This paper reviews the current strides in the wireless power transfer (WPT) system. The paper discusses the classification of wireless power transfer, its application, trend and impact on society, advantages as well as disadvantages. It also presents a comparative analysis of existing work done by researchers in the field of wireless power transfer showing the shortcomings in various topologies, communication, and optimization methods used to increase the overall performance efficiency and proffer direction for further studies.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i4.29


With the development of social macro production,macro economy and macro science,education concept and education system have been enduring essential changes,and macro education concept meeting social need has taken place.It leading function is helpful to broaden the effective ways of maternal education,enable maternal education to a multiple way,promote a natural mother to a qualified mother and surpass the aim of being a mother in spirit.


Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to highlight the key issues that need to be taken into consideration when establishing an office, facility or project in a conflict situation, with particular reference to the International Zone in Baghdad, Iraq.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a descriptive approach, setting out the main aspects of setting up and running an office facility or project in Baghdad and highlighting the various options available, with particular reference to the security implications. The analysis is based on the author's personal experience in Baghdad and information on the experience of other organisations working there.Findings – Working in Baghdad, and by implication other conflict zones, is difficult but not impossible. Security permeates every aspect of existence and as a result any task will cost a lot more and take a lot longer to complete than it would elsewhere. If this can be factored into the preparations for any project there is no reason why the opportunities her...


Objective To provide the experimental basis for the applied value of amifostine in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) by studying the effects of amifostine on the etoposide (VP-16)-induced damage to bone marrow-derived MSCs in votro.Methods MSCs were obtained from CML patients,cultured in vitro, and then divided into 4 groups (control group,amifostine group,amifostine+VP-16 group and VP-16 group).The immunophenotype,growth and apoptosis of the MSCs were investigated and hematopoie- sis support of MSCs in vitro was detected by long-term bone marrow culture and the methylcellulose progenitor assay.Results The growth curve showed that amifostine had no significant effects on the proliferation of MSCs,while growth of MSCs in amifostine+VP-16 group was more vigorous signifi- cantly than in VP-16 group.The apoptosis rate of MSCs in control group,amifostine group,amifos- tine+VP-16 group and VP-16 group was 4.9%±0.8%,5.6%±1.2%,18.7%±3.4% and 33.8%±5.1%,respectively.There was significant difference between amifostine+VP-16 group and control group or VP-16 group (both P0.05),but not between amifostine group and control group.There was no significant difference in the ability of hematopoiesis support between amifostine group and control group (P0.05),but that in amifostine+VP-16 group was significantly lower than in control group,and significantly higher than in VP-16 group (both P0.05).There was no signifi- cant changes in the phenotype of MSCs before and after the treatment with amifostine.Conclusion Amifostine alone has no obvious effects on proliferation,apoptosis,immuophenotype or ability of hematopoiesis support of the MSCs in vitro alone,but can protect MSCs from injury by VP-16, suggesting that amifostine can be a new way to improve the recovery of hematopoiesis ability of CML patients subject to stem cells transplantation.


The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a shortcoming of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology,In optical OFDM systems,because of the non-linear of the modulator,D/A conversion devices,power amplifiers and optical fiber,the signal having a larger PAPR will produce a serious distortion,and greatly reduce the efficiency of the system. In order to contain the PAPR in Optical OFDM systems,a method of combination of linear transformation and reserved subcarriers is presented. The simulation results show that the method can not only reduce the PAPR,but also have less affection to the bit error rate (BER) of the system.


Abstract:This explanatory mixed method research study investigates instructor and student perceptions regarding the factors that enhance or inhibit the self-directedness of American Sign Language (ASL) I students enrolled in institutions of higher education. Twenty students participated in the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS), also known as the Learning Preference Assessment (LPA), developed by Lucy Guglielmino (1978). The SDLRS survey answered the first research question. We then conducted video recorded interviews with ten participants, both students and instructors. As shown in research, the interviews clarified the assessment results with personal narratives to support the development of the conclusion of the study. A total of three themes emerged from this study to answer the six research questions. The goal of this explanatory mixed method study was to gain more knowledge about what the students in the introductory ASL class perceive their self-direction to be and to identify learning strategies that work for them. Findings from this study could provide deeper understanding and a rich source of information for future ASL instructors to help reduce frustration among ASL students.


Aiming at the problem that traditional parallel baseline correlative interferometer is susceptible to systematic errors in the actual direction finding system,a robust parallel baseline correlative interferometer algorithm is proposed.The proposed algorithm reduces the negative effect of the systematic error by increasing the number of parallel baseline combination and introducing index expansion.In addition,correlation with measured samples can weaken the impact of mutual coupling and multipath effect.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the direction-finding precision.Meanwhile,compared with the standard correlative interferometer,it has the advantage of lower complexity computation.Therefore,it is more suitable for the real-time direction finding system.


Seepage analysis through unsaturated zone based on the theory of unsaturated flow is commonly performed to evaluate dam safety. However, the concepts of unsaturated soil behavior have not been transferred into the hands of practicing geotechnical engineers since the problems involving unsaturated soils often have the appearances of being extremely complex. There is variability and uncertainty associated with the unsaturated hydraulic properties that in turn will lead to variability in predicting unsaturated soil behavior such as seepage rate and the pore water pressure distribution. In this paper, measurements of the soil-water characteristic curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity for the core material of dam were conducted. Then, finite element stochastic analysis was used to capture the effect of unsaturated hydraulic properties on the seepage behavior of dam. It is observed that the amount of seepage increases, as the values of unsaturated soil parameters a and n increase. The values of m and p showed opposite trend.


When the ability of the traditional food production systems such as a agriculture and animal husbandry
has shown stagnation in the new millennium, India need to find alternative food production systems to feed
the ever growing population. In this endeavour 'aqua farming' on land and farming in sea is to play a major
role, considering vast potential of water bodies and seas of India, where fish farming can be practised. It is
estimated that about 5 million tonnes of aquatic animal products can be produced annually through land
based aquaculture in India, and the potential of seafarming could be many fold.


The purpose of our study was to examine the interrelationship among the perceived benefits of retail loyalty programs (i.e., monetary savings, exploration, entertainment, recognition, social benefits), program loyalty, and customer loyalty within the context of apparel retailing. Monetary savings, entertainment, and social benefits were found to be positive predictors of program loyalty. Furthermore, program loyalty fully mediated the effects of entertainment, recognition, and social benefits on customer loyalty, whereas it served as a partial mediator in the link between monetary savings and customer loyalty. The implications of retail loyalty programs are discussed, as are limitations and areas for future research.


Automatic segmentation of brain tissues from MRI is of great importance for clinical application and scientific research. We propose a robust discriminative enhancement and segmentation methods from the view of information theoretic learning. Adaptive Histogram Equalization(AHE) is used to enhance the image which has a tendency to over-amplify noise in relatively homogeneous regions of an image. A variant of adaptive histogram equalization called Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) prevents this by limiting the amplification. So we use CLAHE method to improve the contrast of the image. Fuzzy clustering using fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm proved to be superior over the other clustering approaches in terms of segmentation efficiency. But the major drawback of the FCM algorithm is the huge computational time required for convergence. The effectiveness of the FCM algorithm in terms of computational rate is improved by modifying the cluster center and membership value updating criterion. In this paper, the application of modified FCM algorithm for MR brain tumor detection is explored. Experimental results show superior results for the Modified FCM algorithm in terms of the performance measures. Along with this we have used Gray Level CoOccurrence Matrix which is used for feature extraction and a classifier called Zernike Moment Classifier is used to classify the image whether it is normal or abnormal. IndexTerms—discriminative segmentation, fuzzy Cmeans(FCM) algorithm, modifiedFCM algorithm, zernike moment classfier.


We propose an adaptive learning-based framework for uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with one-bit analog-to-digital converters. Learning-based detection does not need to estimate channels, which overcomes a key drawback in one-bit quantized systems. During training, learning-based detection suffers at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) because observations will be biased to +1 or -1 which leads to many zero-valued empirical likelihood functions. At low SNR, observations vary frequently in value but the high noise power makes capturing the effect of the channel difficult. To address these drawbacks, we propose an adaptive dithering-and-learning method. During training, received values are mixed with dithering noise whose statistics are known to the base station, and the dithering noise power is updated for each antenna element depending on the observed pattern of the output. We then use the refined probabilities in the one-bit maximum likelihood detection rule. Simulation results validate the detection performance of the proposed method vs. our previous method using fixed dithering noise power as well as zero-forcing and optimal ML detection both of which assume perfect channel knowledge.


The effects of treatment with phospholipases and extraction with solvents on the activities of RNA polymerases from several rat tissues were studied. The RNA polymerase activity of particulate enzy...


This paper investigates the problem of an event-triggered based adaptive fixed-time tracking control for error-constraint nonlinear system. The fuzzy logical systems are applied to handle the unknown nonlinear functions in the control design process. Then, by incorporating transformed error into the barrier Lyapunov function, all the tracking errors can be constrained in predefined dynamic performance. Then, event-triggered mechanism is combined with backstepping technique for the purpose of reducing the communication burden. An event-triggered based adaptive controller is constructed in a fixed time. Moreover, in accordance with fixed-time theory, the proposed control scheme can ensure that all signals of the closed-loop systems are bounded. Finally, a simulation is proved that the effectiveness of control scheme.


In this paper we outline a front-tracking method for computing the moving contact line. In particular, we are interested in the motion of two-dimensional drops and bubbles on a partially wetting surface exposed to shear flows. Peskin's Immersed Boundary Method is used to model the liquid-gas interface, similar to the approach used by Unverdi and Traggvason. The movement near the moving contact line is modelled by a slip condition, the value of the dynamic contact angle is determined by a linear model, and the local forces are introduced at the moving contact lines based on a relationship of moving contact angle and contact line speed. Numerical examples show that the method can be applied to the motion of drops and bubbles on a solid surface over a wide range of parameter values.


Aim:To investigate the enhancement of enhancers on matrine in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The permeability of matrine across rat intestine was determined by non-everted intestinal sacs model in vitro,and the in vivo activity was assayed in a model of acute liver injury in mice.Sodium deoxycholate(SDC) was selected as the enhancer candidate.Results:Among the tested Absorption enhancers,only polysorbate 80(Tween 80) and SDC showed to be capable of increasing the transport of matrine through small intestinal mucosa in rats.Enhancement ratios of 1.6 was observed for 0.5%SDC solutions with the best Absorption enhancement for matrine in vitro,it was chosen to conduct hepatoprotective study in vivo.In mice with acute liver injury,combination of matrine with 0.5% SDC demonstrated considerably more activity than matrine along after oral administration.Conclusion:The results indicated that the Absorption of matrine could be significantly improved by the Absorption enhancer.


This paper highlights the usefulness of objective technical information obtained by conservators in expanding the understanding of American folk art objects, particularly painted furniture. This topic is presented through the research on the materials and methods used by Johannes Spitler, an German-American furniture decorator active in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. A tall case clock and a recently acquired blanket chest both painted by Spitler were examined and treated in the furniture conservation laboratory of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. These objects are presently on display in the new exhibition areas at the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center in Williamsburg. Introduction: With the inception of American folk art as a collected art form in the 1920's, collectors sought to acquire objects which satisfied the aesthetics of both the art connoisseur and the antiquarian. Painted objects in particular have been approached with a curious mix of fine arts aesthetics and a love of patina. Along with this folk art aesthetic collectors have been driven by many preconceived notions of the nature and importance of folk art. Chief among these is the romantic association of folk art with the new American democracy, that is, "the art of a sovereign, if uncultivated, folk living on an expanding frontier, cut off from the ancient traditions of race, religion and class." These earlier values have shaped many major collections but are now being reevaluated by curators, folk lorists, and historians. In a 1986 conference on folk art, John Michael Vlach presented the situation found in many museum collections today: Generally folk art has been pursued as a set of things,... but the current generation of scholars and collectors now find themselves pondering much folk art that has no folk attached to it. The data of folk art has evolved into a random assortment of collectibles... Today's market is still full of imprecise but salable misconceptions resulting from collection practices showing little concern for the context and use of the objects. In fact, the myth that rural artists developed their own materials has colored our thoughts about the materials used to fabricate folk art. A pertinent example is found in Williamsburg's Buttermilk Paint Colors, a line of paints marketed with "Color Fidelity to an Early American Craft." The label explains that buttermilk or casein based paints, were most widely used in early America after 1800 when commercial pigments were normally not available beyond high population centers. The rural painter adjusted accordingly by crafting a paint from various milk derivatives and a combination of earthen ingredients. * Third-Year Conservation Fellow of the Winterthur/University of Delaware Art Conservation Program working in the Furniture Conservation Lab of Colonial Williamsburg.


An epidemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been existed in Europe and worldwide for several weeks now. On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared it a global pandemic. At the time of writing, Europe, in particular Italy, is the largest outbreak of coronavirus. Italy is attempting to tackle the virus with increasingly drastic legal measures. On 31 January 2020, its Council of Ministers declared a state of emergency related to the sanitary risk of coronavirus infection. Italy has started the fight against the virus using two legal instruments: the first is the Council of Ministers' declaration of a six-month state of emergency on 31 January 2020, and the second is a decree-law (decreto legge) issued by the Prime Minister temporarily restricting the freedom of movement throughout the state. In exceptional cases, the Italian Government has the right to issue normative legal acts. Recent legislative acts issued in Italy have undoubtedly limited the fundamental rights granted by the Constitution of 1947. These limited rights include the right of movement, but also freedom of assembly, the right to work, freedom of economic activity and freedom of conscience and religion. As a result of the legal solutions introduced, fundamental human rights are subject to justifiable restrictions in order to protect the constitutionally guaranteed right of the community to health care. In situations of epidemiological threats, protecting the lives and health of citizens is essential. Any restrictions on rights and freedoms are intended to protect these goods. However extensive these restrictions may be, in a democratic state this must be introduced under strict control and for a specified period of time linked to the duration of an epidemic.


Over a period of 5 years, 26 children with end-stage renal disease were started on maintenance continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh. A...


A compound leverage hand tool includes a first section having a first handle end and an opposing first jaw portion with a first jaw end, a second section having a second handle end and a link end, and a second jaw portion having a second jaw end and a lever end, the second jaw portion pivotally coupled to the first jaw portion at a first pivot point intermediate the second jaw end and the lever end. The link end is pivotally coupled to the lever end at a second pivot point, and the link end is pivotally coupled to the first section proximate the first jaw portion at a sliding pivot point intermediate the first pivot point and the second pivot point.


In this study, we worked on the modelling and the simulation of atmospheric conditions impact on photovoltaic production in Saint Louis area. Using Ineichen's model based on the disorder factor of Link, an assessment of sunshine in the study area was made. A characterization of the irradiation is elaborated by modelling the radiation and by simulating outputs of a photovoltaic power plant. We can estimate aerosols impact on photovoltaic production in the river area thanks to results obtained. We evaluated the sunshine rate of this area by using the modelling process. We chose an irradiation model to estimate the outputs of a photovoltaic power plant subjected to an atmosphere disturbed by aerosols. This work enabled us to set up a system of alerts and specific warnings for populations benefiting from this type of resource.

 Key words: Photovoltaic output, atmosphere, aerosol, sunshine, alert, Saint Louis area.


The invention relates to a double antibody latex enhanced retinol binding protein detection kit. More specifically, the invention discloses a double antibody coating latex enhanced immunoturbidimetry kit for detecting retinol binding protein. The kit contains a reagent 1, a reagent 2 and a calibrator. Paring monoclonal antibody A and B are respectively coated on latex particles. Coated antibody is bonded with RBP to be detected, and a plurality of bonders are aggregated together to form detectable turbidity change. The detection kit provided by the invention has high sensitivity, can be used to detect urine samples and serum samples and can be used as nutritive index to detect RBP in serum. Simultaneously, through the detection of RBP in urine, the kit is sensitive to the damage degree of renal proximal tubule.


Manufacturing quality and lifetime testing conditions may affect product reliability measurements. The literature for the design of experiments (DOE) and robust product optimization considering both quality and reliability issues is scarce. This article develops a model to include both manufacturing variables and accelerated degradation test (ADT) conditions. A simple algorithm provides calculations of the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of these model parameters and percentile lifetimes. Variances of these estimates are derived based on large sample theory. Our DOE plans focus on deciding replication sizes and proportions of the test-units allocated at three stress levels for various manufacturing and ADT conditions. This work also explores robust parameter design (RPD) optimizations for selected controllable manufacturing variables to achieve the longest product lifetime and smallest variation in lifetime distributions.


– This article discusses the management of the traffic safety subsystem at enterprises engaged in road transport activities. For the successful functioning of industrial enterprises in modern conditions of economic development, along with the growth of production volumes, fewer costs are required. To this end, in recent years, many enterprises and individual entrepreneurs have refused to outsource transport activities, which have a negative impact on road safety issues. The authors have developed a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of traffic safety based on scientifically based criteria. The technique is based on the application of the method of weights and the first step is to determine the set of factors that have the greatest impact on the final result of the automotive business. To improve the performance of the road safety monitoring subsystem at enterprises operating in the transport sector, the data are calculated for determining the integral indicator which are taken on the basis of annual monitoring of individual indicators, the list of which is set by experts for enterprises and entrepreneurs individually. This method allows you to control the road transport activities of industrial enterprises and individual entrepreneurs in order to develop methods for improving road safety.


In this work, we present the maps of the (2–1) and (3–2) methanol transitions towards seven dense cores in the L1495 star-forming region in Taurus. We search for correlation between methanol abundance and visual extinction measured using the Herschel /SPIRE dust con-tinuum observations. For one of the cores, we also present the maps of the methanol precursors, HCO and H 2 CO. Towards four dense cores, methanol forms ring-like structures while towards three cores methanol emission peak coincides with dust emission peak. These three cores are probably young, they have not formed their CO freeze-out zones yet.


On the Great Plains, proper land use has necessitated restoration of many acres of abandoned fields to a perennial grass vegetation. Since plant-breeding programs are still in their infancy, and introduced grasses have been generally unsatisfactory, restoration of grazing land must depend upon natural development of native vegetation, aided in certain instances by inexpensive sowing of native grass. This combination of circumstances has stimulated an interest in the native grasses and their use in restoring the cattle-raising industry. Several recent papers have described the mixed prairie at widely separated locations. Albertson ('37) studied native vegetation in the vicinity of Hays, Kansas, and summarized earlier literature on vegetation of the Great Plains; Hanson ('38) recorded types of vegetation in western North Dakota; Ramaley ('39) made a study of the floristics of sand-hill vegetation in northeastern Colorado; Shantz ('17) in an examination of secondary succession on abandoned roads in eastern Colorado, recognized six stages; Judd ('39) studied succession on abandoned farm lands in Kimball County, Nebraska. The present study was made while the writer was in the employ of the Soil Conservation Nursery and the Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska. Thanks are extended to J. E. Weaver, T. J. Fitzpatrick, and Irene Mueller for reading the manuscript.


Accurate detection and classification of wafer defects constitute an important component of the IC production process because together they can immediately improve the yield and also provide information needed for future process improvements. One class of inspection procedures involves analyzing surface images. Because of the characteristics of the design patterns and the irregular size and shape of the defects, linear processing methods, such as Fourier transform domain filtering or Sobel edge detection, are not as well suited as morphological methods for detecting these defects. In this paper, a newly developed morphological gradient technique using directional components is applied to the detection and isolation of wafer defects. The new methods are computationally efficient and do not rely on a priori knowledge of the specific design pattern to detect particles, scratches, stains, or missing pattern areas. The directional components of the morphological gradient technique allow direction specific edge suppression and reduce the noise sensitivity. Theoretical analysis and several examples are used to demonstrate the performance of the directional morphological gradient methods.


At present, most of the measurement of complex surface volume is based on contact-type manual measurement. The design system uses non-contact photoelectric method to measure the volume of the object. The laser is used to position the center, the object is placed on the rotating stage, and the double camera is captured by the industrial camera. , based on Matlab image processing, calculate its volume, its high precision, speed.


Regardless of a customer's social status, wealth, or country of origin, Apple products have been notorious for establishing trends in regard to electronic devices. As of 2019, China accounted for 17% percent of all Apple sales. This has been made possible in large part due to Chinese customers' favorable image of the Apple brand and the positive experience with Apple products. This study aimed to examine the impact of brand experience, brand love, and brand engagement on brand equity. The brand-love mediation role between brand experience and brand engagement/brand equity was also explored. The conceptual framework was supported by social exchange and attribution theories. According to the analysis of 339 respondents from China, brand experience, brand love, and brand engagement significantly positively affects Apple's brand equity. Additionally, it was discovered that brand love demonstrates a significant mediating role between brand experience and brand engagement/brand equity. These findings can aid other manufacturers offering similar electronic products in China to adapt their marketing and competitive strategies in order to boost their brand equity and as a result sales revenue.


Historically, Capacity Planning has delivered measurable value to the organization in the form of reduced costs, deferred acquisitions, and service level delivery, all of which deliver a Return on Investment (ROI) for the organization. However, fundamental changes in the underpinnings of the capacity planning ROI threaten the traditional value of capacity planning, and raise the question of whether it is still worth it to engage in capacity planning efforts. This paper examines these changes and their impacts; and then considers actions Capacity Planners might be able to take to adapt to the new reality.


The efficiency of the organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with a tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) emitting layer (EML) containing a 4,4-bis(2,2diphenyl vinyl)-1,1-biphenyl (DPVBi) doping agent was significantly enhanced in comparison to that with an Alq3 EML without a DPVBi doping agent. The enhancement of the injection efficiency of the OLEDs with an EML doped with a wide-bandgap doping agent was attributed to a decrease in the trap charge density existing in the EML resulting from the existence of the DPVBi doping agent. The luminescence mechanism of the OLEDs fabricated utilizing an Alq3 EML containing a DPVBi wide-bandgap doping agent is described on the basis of the experimental results.


The paper presents a cost effective method for the modeling of swept rotor geometries, which can be used in routine aeroelastic certification simulations for wind turbines without penalizing overall computational cost. The model is based on previous developments by the authors, of a coupled near-far wake model, in which the near wake part modeling is based on a semi-analytical vortex filament representation while the far part is based on standard BEM. The authors provide a detailed description of the adaptations made to the original near wake model while they present improvements with respect to previous implementations.


The treatment of VAT in an M & A environment is fraught with uncertainty. The crucial issue is: must the goods and services acquired by the relevant vendor in the course of the M & A activity be utilised or consumed directly in the vendor's enterprise activities, or is it sufficient if the goods and services are merely indirectly utilised and consumed in the vendor's enterprise activities? The answer is of importance in determining whether any foreign services constitute taxable 'imported services' and whether the VAT incurred in respect of the goods and services constitute deductible input tax in the vendor's hands. In C: SARS v De Beers Consolidated Mines the company had engaged both local and foreign professional service providers to assist the company in considering a shareholder restructure that had been proposed by a consortium of shareholders. The Tax Court (see BTCLQ 2(2), July 2011) had found mainly in favour of De Beers as regards whether the foreign services constituted taxable 'imported services' or not, and confirmed that some of the VAT incurred in respect of the local services constituted deductible input tax.
On appeal, the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) found fully in favour of SARS and held that the foreign services constituted taxable 'imported services' and disallowed any input tax deduction in respect of the local services. While two judgments were delivered (both in favour of SARS), in essence the SCA found that the foreign and local services had not been utilised or consumed by De Beers in the course or furtherance of its 'enterprise', being the mining, marketing and selling of diamonds. This article examines the SCA decision and seeks to distil any general principles that might have emerged that would provide guidance going forward.


Acoustic Gas Thermometry (AGT) is one of the most accurate methods of measuring thermodynamic temperature. The principal work of this research is the design of the measurement platform of AGT with a Pulse tube refrigerator temperatures between 4.2∼20K. The static simulation of the spherical resonator are concluded. Stress checking and heat leakage analysis of the system are emphasized. The system will be experimental used in the future.


This study examined factors that influence off-farm activities and then, the impact of the off-farm participation on agricultural production and farmers' welfare. It covered two important East Africa countries that are Uganda and Tanzania. The economies of these two countries are mainly based on the agricultural sector. The large portion of the households that rely on this sector suffer from low farm production and productivity. The study used households and agriculture datasets from the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys for the two countries for the period 2008-2012. Further different econometric models related to censoring, sample selection, endogeneity and fixed effects are used. Results show that there are push and pull factors that influence off-farm activities in each country such as gender, education levels, marriage status and cost of inputs and regions. The results show that off-farm activities do not affect agriculture production in both countries even when we control for gender. In addition, off-farm activities do not have a positive and significance impact on welfare in both countries. However, off-farm activities reduce welfare among the male headed households in Tanzania while in Uganda, it reduces welfare among the female headed households at the 10 percent level.


The COVID-19 outbreak forced educators worldwide to transition to remote teaching, which caught most of the instructors and students off-guard. Instructors had to quickly adapt and find effective substitute teaching methods during this unprecedented period, while students had to maintain motivation and engagement in the learning process. As with all educational levels and disciplines, teaching and assessment in veterinary medicine were forced to change during this adjustment period. The biggest concern regarding educational experiences was potential learning loss caused by the disruption. This study examined whether COVID-19 pandemic disruptions negatively impacted veterinary students' knowledge and skill acquisition in both basic science education, and clinical science education employing a quasi-experimental approach. Data sources included the results from standardized exams including Veterinary Educational Assessment (VEA®), the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE®), Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs), and surveys (i.e., Senior Exit Survey, Alumni Survey, and the Employer Survey). Analysis of variance was computed to compare pre-COVID results with those attained during and after pandemic restrictions. The results indicated no statistically significant difference in student performance on standardized exams, but a significant drop in the mean scores for OSCEs. Students whose education was disrupted by COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were as much satisfied with the education they received as their peers whose education was not disrupted. Conclusions are discussed and recommendations for further research are provided.


We report numerical model calculations of isoviscous bottom-heated convection in a two-dimensional box with aspect ratio twelve. The aim was to determine the preferred aspect ratio of convection cells. Time-dependent runs were started from two widely different initial conditions. At Rayleigh numbers in the range 105-106 about eight cells with a mean aspect ratio of 1.5 formed eventually in each case. Thus neither the preference for approximately square cells, nor the stability of very elongated cells could be confirmed. The existence of large-scale convective structures in the earth's mantle must be due to deviations from the simple Rayleigh-Benard model of convection.


This PhD Thesis in Chemical Sciences aims at a deep understanding of the intertwining among materials properties, experimental conditions and adsorption outcomes, with the focus on an experimental research activity dealing with the removal of two target pollutants that contribute to increase 1) outdoor pollution (hydrogen sulphide) and 2) indoor pollution (formaldehyde), by adsorption on materials of various nature.


BACKGROUND
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in the progression of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. However, the role of TLR4 in the development of prehypertension is uncertain.

METHODS
Prehypertensive rats were treated with 8% salt for 12 weeks to induce prehypertension. These rats were then given either TAK-242 selective TLR4 blocker, or vehicle by bilateral micro-injection to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Blood pressure (BP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity were recorded. PVN expression of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, proinflammation cytokines (PICs), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, tyrosine hydroxylase, and 67 kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) were tested to determine the influence of TLR4 blockade.

RESULTS
TLR4 expression increased significantly in the PVN of high-salt groups with a corresponding increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PICs. TLR4 blockade significantly reduced the signaling molecules downstream TLR4 and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, decreased ROS, NOX2, NOX4 level, increased Cu/Zn-SOD, re-balanced neurotransmitters, and regulated sympathetic nerve activity in the PVN of prehypertensive rats.

CONCLUSIONS
Salt-induced prehypertension is partly due to the upregulation of TLR4 in PVN. Blockade of TLR4 in the brain reduced salt-induced prehypertension response, possibly through downregulation of ROS and PICs expression, and the restorage of neurotransmitter balance in the PVN.


Social innovation (SI) is an increasingly prominent but contested issue in discussions of social policy reform. Although not yet a familiar concept, nor widely understood (least of all by policy makers), it has entered mainstream policy discourses. However whether SI marks a significant departure in either theory or in practice, or merely in rhetoric, remains to be determined. This Review Article, and the Themed Section as a whole, aims to set out some of the questions social policy analysts should ask about SI, and to help clarify whether or not it is a significant development which merits attention. The Review begins by considering some of the reasons for the recent interest shown in SI before clarifying the meaning of the concept and outlining some of the different forms SI has taken. This discussion is followed by a consideration of some of the practical and theoretical questions which SI raises for social policy analysis. The Review concludes that social policy analysts cannot afford to ignore SI, but that the most effective contribution the discipline can make is to apply a critical empirical perspective to test the significance, value and impact of SI.


The invention discloses an electrostatic spinning trajectory control system and method as well as electrostatic spinning equipment, belongs to the field of electrostatic spinning trajectory control and aims to realize accurate spinning trajectory control. The electrostatic spinning trajectory control system is mainly technically characterized by comprising a horizontal motion guide rail, a longitudinal motion guide rail, a motion controller and a servo motor, wherein the horizontal motion guide rail is provided with a horizontal slider moving horizontally; the longitudinal motion guide rail is provided with a longitudinal slider moving longitudinally; a spray nozzle is connected to the horizontal slider and the longitudinal slider; the horizontal slider and the longitudinal slider are subjected to speed control by the servo motor so as to slide; the servo motor is controlled by the motion controller. The electrostatic spinning trajectory control system has the effect that the spinning trajectory forming accuracy is improved.


Abstract Our Raman scattering studies demonstrate that the paraelectric phase in a number of AB′ x B″1−x O3-type compounds with a "diffuse phase transition" into ferroelectric phase turns out not to be a simple perovskite structure as it has been considered. The Raman scattering appears to be rather sensitive to the change of a space symmetry, so that we could suggest a nontrivial sequence of phase transitions instead of the adopted conception on an exceptional type of "diffuse phase transition". Therefore one can consider these preceding phases as precursor ones.


Objective Food insecurity is linked to poor health and well-being in children and rising prevalence rates have been exacerbated by COVID-19. Free school meals (FSM) are considered a critical tool for reducing the adverse effects of poverty but apply a highly restrictive eligibility criteria. This study examined levels of food security and FSM status to support decision-making regarding increasing the current eligibility criteria. Design Two cross-sectional national surveys administered in August–September 2020 and January–February 2021 were used to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the food experiences of children and young people. Setting UK. Participants 2166 children (aged 7–17 years) and parents/guardians. Main outcome measures Participant characteristics were described by food security and FSM status; estimated marginal means were calculated to obtain the probability of poor mental health, expressed as children reporting feeling stressed or worried in the past month, by food security status and FSM status. Results We observed food insecurity among both children who did and did not receive of FSM: 23% of children not receiving FSM were food insecure. Children who were food insecure had a higher probability of poor mental health (31%, 95% CI: 23%, 40%) than children who were food secure (10%, 95% CI: 7%, 14%). Food insecure children receiving FSM had a higher probability of poor mental health (51%, 95% CI: 37%, 65%) than those who were food insecure and not receiving FSM (29%, 95% CI: 19%, 42%). Conclusion Many children experienced food insecurity regardless of whether they received FSM, suggesting the eligibility criteria needs to be widened to prevent overlooking those in need.