Fifty-one prospectively followed Contour_ acetabular reconstruction cages, inserted through the direct lateral approach, were reviewed at three years minimum follow-up (range 3 to 6.4 yrs.). To date, four reoperations were required (two each for sepsis and instability) with no failures due to aseptic loosening. The Kaplan-Meier Survival Rate for any reoperation was 87% at 6.4 years. Short to mid-term follow-up of a single type of acetabular reconstruction cage, inserted through the lateral approach, demonstrated this to be a successful reconstruction option in the management of large acetabular bone defects. This study reports the mid-term results of a single design of acetabular reconstruction cage inserted through the direct lateral approach. At minimum three years follow-up (range 3 to 6.4 yrs.), there were no failures due to aseptic loosening with only four of fifty-one cases requiring reoperation (two sepsis, two instability). This review supports the use of the reconstruction cage, inserted through the lateral approach, for large defects that cannot be managed with a hemispherical porous implant. The use of the reconstruction cage in our center is reserved for large defects that cannot be managed with a hemispherical porous implant because of insufficient bone stock for initial implant stability and/or host bone contact for in-growth. Fifty-one consecutive prospectively followed Contour_ (Smith and Nephew) acetabular reconstruction cages, inserted through the direct lateral approach, were reviewed at three years minimum follow-up (range 3 to 6.4 yrs.). The majority of cases were AAOS Type Three and Four defects in which morsellized allograft was used in forty-nine cases and structural graft in three cases. Harris hip scores improved from 32.1±17.8 pre-op to 65.3±24.1 at most recent follow-up. Defining any acetabular reoperation as a failure, four of the fifty-one cages were considered to have failed giving a Kaplan-Meier Cumulative Survival Rate of 87% at 6.41 years. Two reoperations were for recurrent dislocation and the other two for sepsis. None of the fifty-one cages have been revised for aseptic loosening to date.


As the United States embarks on an effort to modernize many elements of its nuclear enterprise, it needs to consider how dependencies on modern information technologies could lead to cyber-induced failures of nuclear deterrence or to nuclear war. The Biden administration has an opportunity to address issues of cyber risk across the entire nuclear enterprise in ways that previous administrations have not.


Reference wind turbines (RWTs) that reflect the state-of-the-art of current wind energy technology are necessary in order to properly evaluate innovative methods in wind turbine design and evaluation. The International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Technology Collaboration Platform (TCP) Task 37 has recently developed a new RWT geared towards offshore floating-foundation applications: the IEA Wind 15 MW. The model has been implemented in two aeroelastic codes, OpenFAST and HAWC2, based on an underlying common ontology. However, these toolchains result in slightly different structural parameters, and the two codes utilise different structural models. Thus, to increase the utility of the model, it is necessary to compare the aeroelastic responses. This paper compares aeroelastic loads calculated using different fidelities of the blade model in OpenFAST (ElastoDyn and BeamDyn) and HAWC2 (prismatic Timoshenko without torsion and Timoshenko with fully populated stiffness matrix), where both codes use the DTU Basic controller and the same turbulence boxes to reduce discrepancies. The aeroelastic responses to steady wind, step wind and turbulent wind (per IEC 61400-1 wind class IB) are considered. The results indicate a generally good agreement between the loads dominated by aerodynamic thrust and force, especially for the no-torsion blade models. Discrepancies were observed in other load channels, partially due to differences in the asymmetric loading of the rotor and partially due to differing closed-loop dynamics, and they will be the subject of future investigations.


In Japan, the system and regulations regarding the utilization of the big data in healthcare or real-world data (RWD) for drug development are being established. A large-scale database of electronic medical information for post-marketing pharmacovigilance, the Medical Information Database Network (MID-NET®), and the Clinical Innovation Network (CIN) for utilizing disease registries have been created, and guidelines have been issued in sequence from those related to post-marketing database surveys. At present, the utilization of RWD in pharmacovigilance is still largely based on drug use results survey (a kind of product registry), but there are increasing cases of utilizing healthcare big data, such as medical information databases in hospitals and health insurance databases. It is expected that utilization of RWD in clinical development will become more active after the establishment of guidelines and the pilot run of the regulatory system in the future.


A rapid, precise, selective and sensitive HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMOX) and Ambroxol hydrochloride (AMBRO) in pharmaceutical dosage form was developed and validated in the present work. The chromatographic separation was performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 plates with Ethyl acetate: methanol: toluene: water: glacial acetic acid (6.0: 3.0: 2.0: 1.0: 0.5 v/v) as the mobile phase with UV detection at 237nm. Retention factor for AMOX and AMBRO were found to be 0.32 ± 0.04 and 0.70 ± 0.05 respectively. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 2000-12000ng/band for AMOX and 500-2500 ng/b and for AMBRO and the coefficient of regression for both the drugs was 0.9986 and 0.995 respectively. The method was validated for precision, robustness, and recovery and the values obtained were within the ICH limits. The LOD and LOQ values for AMOX were 105 and 220 ng per band respectively and for AMBRO 50 and 120 ng per band respectively. Drugs were subjected to oxidation, acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis and sun light to apply stress condition for degradation studies as per ICH guidelines. The degradation products were well resolved from the pure drug with significantly different Rf values. Since the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it could be used as a stability-indicating method for analysis of individual drugs and the combined dosage form.


Although the notion of 'crisis' was first subsumed under the idea of 'cycle' and eventually expurgated from economic terminology, the term continues to exist and occasionally makes it to economic dictionaries. This chapter surveys its usage in post-war dictionaries, beginning from some linguistic and national peculiarities - in particular, the term 'crises' is practically interchangeable with 'cycles' in French language, while in German crises is used to indicate the Marxist approach as opposed to bourgeois analysis. As to the interpretation of the concept, some writers interpret crises as a pathological deviations from 'normal' fluctuations, while some historical and political dictionaries associate crises to qualitative or systemic changes. In economic dictionaries, the entries trying to qualify crises as autonomous from the idea of cycle are extremely rare: we have found only two, one stressing the different logical nature of these concepts, the other emphasizing that crises cannot be encompassed by calculable mechanistic models. We conclude with some reflections on the complex relationship between crises and cycles.


Collaborative learning increases student achievement of learning outcomes in a wide range of disciplines, including the natural sciences, and is a hallmark of authentic assessment. To help students collaborate more effectively, I have used Google Docs, a free, online word-processing program accessible using almost any internet-connected device. Assessments that include real-world application problems are composed in Google Docs and shared with students via links. Google Docs has proven to be more efficient than pencil-and-paper assessment, encourages greater collaboration within student groups than is possible with tools embedded in a learning management system, and provides opportunities to give students just-in-time instruction and examine student metacognition, all of which are foundational for authentic assessment. Post-assessment grading is rapid, and corrected documents with instructor feedback can be easily shared with students. Students have adapted readily to the platform and have learned on their own how to use the software beyond my original conception. I describe how I have used Google Docs successfully in a molecular biology course, offer considerations for grading and distributing corrections, and report on students' perceptions of the assessments themselves.


For humanity, the right of Indonesian citizens to work and livelihood must be guaranteed. Employment issues are related to the creation of a business climate, security, stability, policies, and laws and regulations, at the local and national levels. It can be a motivating factor or an obstacle at work. The purpose of this study is to find out the legal arrangements for filing claims for BPJS Employment Old Age Security at Prima Medika Hospital Denpasar and to find out the obstacles faced in the claim process for BPJS Employment Old Age Security at Prima Medika Hospital Denpasar. The type of empirical research is the case approach method, and the data collection techniques are interviews and document studies. The results of the study are basically Government regulations No. 46 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Old Age Guarantees. The program is a cash benefit that is given when you have entered a certain age, do not want to work again, are completely disabled so they cannot work again or die and will be given until the time limit after a minimum of ten years of participation. Lack of natural resources to provide services to claim participants, so that the services provided are also not effective, and the lack of socialization of BPJS Employment on all matters relating to the implementation of Old Age Security.


Schrodinger equation for a polynomial potential with the highest order term having an even power and a positive coefficient is solved for high eigenvalues En in two different ways after Liouville transformation, (a) converting the differential equation into integral equation and solving it iteratively and (b) by the WKB method. While the series solution in powers of 1/En from (b) is known to diverge, we show that the one from (a) converges. We show then that asymptotic re‐expansion of the convergent series from (a) agrees with the divergent series from (b). Actually, we have been able to show the agreement only up to order (1/En)5, but we believe that it holds to all orders. If this is true, the divergent WKB series can be reorganized into a convergent series, which is in fact obtained by the method of iteration (a).


Background Glucose screening in neonatal care units is important in managing and maintaining normoglycaemia. Point of care hospital glucose meters are often used to screen neonates. However the reliability of results can be affected by hematocrit levels, which vary in neonates, as well as chemical interferences associated with drug therapy and patient treatment regimes. The StatStrip (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA), glucose meter is a new generation meter which has been designed to compensate for interference effects commonly associated with current glucose meters. This study was designed to challenge the accuracy of StatStrip both in a laboratory and patient setting. Aim To assess the analytical performance, accuracy and specificity of StatStrip alongside three other commonly used glucose meters and a hexokinase reference method. To further assess the performance of the meters demonstrating acceptable specificity in the analytical evaluation for monitoring glucose levels in neonatal intensive care patients.


The invention relates to new ruthenium and osmium carbene catalysts with bridged e - donor ligands coordinated on the metal, to their preparation and to their use for synthesizing polymers, for ring-closing metathesis of olefins and for isomerizing olefins.


The global electroweak fit of the Standard Model (SM) with Gfitter can be used to constrain yet unknown SM parameters, such as the Higgs mass, but also physics beyond the SM (BSM) via the formalism of oblique parameters. This paper presents updated results of the Gfitter SM fit using the latest available electroweak precision measurements and the recent combination of direct Higgs searches at the Tevatron. In addition, newly obtained constraints on BSM models, such as models with extra dimensions, little Higgs and a fourth fermion generation, are presented. While a light Higgs mass is preferred by the fit in the SM, significantly larger Higgs masses are allowed in these new physics models.


MITZNER, WAYNE. Hepatic outJrow resistance, sinusoid pressure, and the vascular waterfall. Am. J. Physiol. 227(3): 513-519. 1974.The pressure-flow characteristics of the hepatic common outflow resistance were determined in five anesthetized dogs. These curves were shown to be nearly linear in the range of normal flows, but exhibited a moderate convexity toward the pressure axis at low flows. The estimated sinusoid pressure at zero hepatic flow was found to be higher than the outflow (hepatic venous) pressure. This "closing pressure" averaged 1.6 mmHg relative to the hepatic venous pressure. Because of this closing pressure, estimated hepatic sinusoid pressure was only slightly less than the portal pressure. For an average portal venous pressure of 7 mmHg, hepatic venous pressure of 1.6 mmHg, and portal venous and hepatic arterial flows of 16.4 and 12.6 ml/min-kg body wt, respectively, sinusoid pressure was estimated to be 6.1 mmHg. The significance of a closing pressure in the hepatic outflow tract and the interpretation of outflow resistance in light of this closing pressure are discussed in detail. Two possible models of the hepatic vasculature are presented.


Project www.animedoor.com has many thousands of free and legal books to download in PDF as well as many other formats. Site is a high quality resource for free Kindle books.Here is the websites where you can find free eBooks. Best sites for books in any format enjoy it and don't forget to bookmark and share the love!With more than 123,000 free PDF at your fingertips, you're bound to find one that interests you here.The www.animedoor.com is home to thousands of free audiobooks, including classics and out-of-print books. Take some advice and get your free ebooks in EPUB or MOBI format. They are a lot nicer to read. There are a lot of them available without having to go to pirate websites.


Diverse economic practices are shaped in everyday, domestic activities. People explore diverse economic practices to expand their repertoires of action. Practices can combine aspects of different economic spheres. Boundary crossing opens up space for alternative economic practices.


The x-ray emissivity of gadolinium (Gd) and gold (Au) has been studied using the FLYCHK code. The results show that the Gd M-band is lower than 2 keV and that Gd has a higher x-ray emissivity at low temperature. Thus, we proposed a Gd + Au + Gd sandwich design to improve the x-ray conversion efficiency (CE). Under a laser intensity of 1 × 1015 W/cm2, a 11%–17% enhancement of the CE and an optimized x-ray spectrum were achieved in one-dimensional simulation. The enhancement of the CE is mainly due to an enhancement of the soft x-ray flux (0 keV–2 keV). In addition, the high energy x-ray flux (2 keV–5 keV) is lower than that of Au. Particularly at an early stage, the laser ablates the Gd layer, and the temperature of the Au layer is insufficient for producing an M-band emission. Thus, the high energy x-ray flux is rather low. A sandwich design not only takes advantage of the higher x-ray emissivity of Gd under specific conditions in an efficient manner but also simplifies the target fabrication, which is important. In addition, Gd can also be used to optimize the future design of depleted uranium Hohlraum.


This paper proposes an approach using dynamic time wrapping (DTW) to improve the classification performance of the SVM separation hyperplane. The presented method by incorporating the distance information derived from DTW template matching calculations into SVM separation hyperplane training will be able to effectively control the balance between mar-gin maximization and the amount of misclassifications, and therefore the recognition accuracy of the SVM classifier on speaker recognition will further be increased. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed approach.


BACKGROUND
There are limited validated biomarkers in Parkinson's disease (PD) which substantially hinders the ability to monitor disease progression and consequently measure the efficacy of disease-modifying treatments. Imaging biomarkers, such as VMAT2 PET, enable enhanced diagnostic accuracy, and detect early neurodegenerative changes associated with prodromal PD. This study sought to assess whether 18F-AV-133 VMAT2 PET is sensitive enough to monitor and quantify disease progression over a two-year window.

METHODS
18F-AV-133 PET scans were performed on participants with PD and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and neurological controls (NC). All participants were scanned twice ∼26 months apart. Regional tracer retention was calculated with a primary visual cortex reference region and expressed as the standard uptake volume ratio. Regions of interest included caudate, anterior and posterior putamen. At the time of scanning participants underwent clinical evaluation including UPDRSMOTOR test, Sniffin' Sticks, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score.

RESULTS
Over the 26-month interval a significant decline in PET signal was observed in all three regions in participants with PD (N=26) and in the posterior putamen in participants with RBD (N=11) compared to NC (N=12), consistent with a decrease in VMAT2 level and ongoing neurodegeneration. Imaging trajectory calculations suggest the neurodegeneration in PD occurs over ∼33 years [CI: 27.2, 39.5], with ∼10.5 years [CI: 9.1-11.3] of degeneration in the posterior putamen before it becomes detectable on a VMAT2 PET scan, a further ∼6.5 years [CI: 1.6,12.7] until symptom onset, and a further ∼3 years [CI: 0.3,8.7] until clinical diagnosis.

DISCUSSION
Over a two-year period, 18F-AV-133 VMAT2 PET was able to detect progression of nigrostriatal degeneration in participants with PD and represents a sensitive tool to identify individuals at risk of progression to PD, which are currently lacking using clinical readouts. Trajectory models propose that there is nigrostriatal degeneration occurring for 20 years before clinical diagnosis. These data demonstrate that VMAT2 PET provides a sensitive measure to monitor neurodegenerative progression of PD which has implications for PD diagnostics and subsequently clinical trial patient stratification and monitoring.

CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE
This study provides Class IV evidence that VMAT2 PET can detect patients with Parkinson Disease and quantify progression over a two-year window.


Background

Narrowing of the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) implies a rotator cuff tear. However, AHD measurements on two-dimensional (2D) imaging or with the patient in the supine position might differ from that while standing during daily activity. This study aimed to accurately measure the distance between the acromion and the humeral head on three-dimensional (3D) imaging acquired in the standing position and to compare this with AHD measurements made on images acquired in the supine position and on 2D images.
Methods

Computed tomography (CT) images of 166 shoulders from 83 healthy volunteers (31 male and 52 female; mean age 40.1 ± 5.8 years; age range, 30–49 years) were prospectively acquired in the supine and standing positions using conventional and upright CT scanners, respectively. AHD was calculated as the minimum distance between the acromion and the humeral head on the 3D surface models. Two-dimensional AHD was measured on anteroposterior digitally reconstructed radiographs images. The AHD values were compared between the supine and standing positions and between the 2D and 3D measurements.
Results

The mean values of 2D AHD were 8.8 ± 1.3 mm (range, 5.9–15.4 mm) in the standing position and 8.1 ± 1.2 mm (range, 5.3–14.3 mm) in the supine position. The mean values of 3D AHD were 7.3 ± 1.4 mm (range, 4.7–14.0 mm) in the standing position and 6.6 ± 1.2 mm (range, 4.4–13.7 mm) in the supine position. The values of 3D AHD were significantly lower than those of 2D AHDs in both the standing and supine positions (P < 0.001). The values of 2D and 3D AHDs were significantly lower in the supine position than in the standing position (P < 0.001).
Conclusions

The present results indicated that assessments in the supine position can underestimate the value of the AHD compared with those made in the standing position and that assessments using 2D analysis can overestimate the value. It is necessary to understand that the anatomical distance of the subacromial space changes with images and gravity.


Objective. The objective of the present report was to describe clinical, ultrasonographic, and surgical findings, as well as the therapeutic choice, of a rare case of canine ureteral torsion associated with hydronephrosis and unilateral ureterolithiasis. Patient evaluation. A 9-year-old female dog was seen with a history of swelling in the ear region and a tumor in the mammary gland number five of the right chain. In the ultrasound examination for tumor staging, abnormalities were seen in the kidney and left ureter. Pelvic and ureteral dilation, sediment, and diverticular structure in the ureter were abnormal findings. The clinical manifestations were not specific to the urinary tract and were not suggestive of the observed ultrasound abnormalities. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and confirmed the suspected ultrasound diagnosis. In addition, it was possible to identify two twisted ureteral segments. Left unilateral nephrectomy was performed to correct the ureterolithiasis and ureteral torsion. At 15 days postoperatively, no urinary or laboratory changes were identified. Conclusions. Because it was possible to verify the abnormalities in the left ureter and kidney before the development of clinical signs, it was possible to institute the appropriate therapy promptly and prevent the disease progression. diagnóstico signos clínicos, la terapia oportuna y de la


Existing recommended practices in the literature do not provide clear and concise guidance for the selection of the most suitable numerical modelling strategy for investigating the boundary layer around a ship at full scale. For example, the International Towing Tank Conference procedure for calculating the nominal wake fields of full-scale ships does not clearly specify which turbulence modelling approach should be used to accurately represent the near-wall flow in the ship's aft region.This paper presents a numerical approach that can accurately represent the boundary layer of full-scale ships. Three turbulence modelling strategies, suitable for the simulation of ship flows, have been assessed: k-ε, k-ω SST RANS and an IDDES formulation. Results from each method have been compared against the full-scale ship propeller torque data of the MV Regal, a 138m long general cargo vessel. Additionally, the capability of each turbulence strategy to resolve time-dependent features of the flow, such as the bilge vortex and its effect on the boundary layer velocity fields, has been evaluated.The results from this investigation show that the IDDES based numerical model replicated the sea trials measurements with the highest degree of accuracy. Furthermore, this study confirmed that the choice of turbulence strategy has a major impact on the full-scale velocity fields in the aft region of a ship.


Introduction: Contact Force between the ablation electrode and the targeted tissue is important in determining lesion size. Visual and tactile feedbacks together are clinically used to assess cathe...


This research aim to analyze of Underwriter Reputation, Firm Size, Profitability, and Financial Leverage on Underpricing by using an approach multiple linear regression model. Sampling method that used is proposive sampling and the result are 79 companies as sample.The data used are secondary data, namely the financial statements and prospectus statements of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2014. Simultaneous testing concluded that all the independent variables affect the dependent variable at 14 percent. Partial  testing  indicates that underwriter reputation have an significant influence on underpricing. The firm size, profitability, and financial leverage do not have significant influence to underpricing. Keywords: Underpricing, underwriter reputation, firm size, profitability, and  financial leverage.


Abstract This paper aims at contributing a literature update by assessing the impact of policies focusing on defence-procurement spending on the growth rate of the Greek economy with special reference to the recent crisis environment using artificial neural networks. The main conclusion drawn in the case of the Greek economy in general and during austerity times in particular, is that defence-procurement policy is considerably inflexible concerning both increases and reductions. In fact any further decreases will have a direct impact on the security of the country given the dramatic reduction of the defence budget and the arms race against Turkey. By contrast, any increases will only burden the balance of payments without adding to the GDP, once the bulk of the defence equipment is imported due to the inefficiency of the domestic defence industrial base. A compromise, therefore, between security and austerity would call for a gradual shift towards domestic sources procurement, assuming, of course, considerable upgrading of the Hellenic defence industrial base.


Abstract Established plots of four pasture grasses growing in association with white clover were trodden by sheep at three different rates 14 times between March 1962 and October 1963. Herbage yields of perennial ryegrass and timothy were not reduced by treading in any season; those of cocksfoot were reduced by winter treading at the highest rate; and yields of browntop were reduced in winter by all rates of treading, and in autumn at the highest rate. White clover yields were reduced by treading in summer at the highest rate and in winter at all rates. White clover yielded highest when associated with browntop. During February and March 1964 seed heads were counted and seed yields obtained. Although low, yields of perennial ryegrass and timothy were increased by treading, at all rates in perennial ryegrass and at the highest rate only in timothy, because of increased head numbers in trodden plots. Browntop seed yields were reduced by treading; those of cocksfoot were not affected. Differences in treading...


This study tested the safety and feasibility of coronary angioplasty on an outpatient basis. The purpose of this approach includes cost‐effectiveness and patient comfort. Included were 159 patients treated with balloon angioplasty or intracoronary stent placement, all performed via the radial artery with 6 French guiding catheters. Patients were selected for same‐day discharge based on the absence of any adverse predictor for subacute occlusion or unfavorable clinical outcome during the first 24 hr after successful PTCA. One hundred and six (66%) patients were discharged 4–6 hr after PTCA. Stents were used in 40% of patients. There were no cardiac or vascular complications. We conclude that outpatient PTCA, performed via the radial artery, is both safe and feasible in a large part of a routine PTCA population. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:204–208. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 28360, "Investigation of Erosion Caused by Fine Particles in Multiphase Flow," by Tran Nguyet Ngo, SPE, and Deng-Jr Peng, Intecsea, and William Pao, Hamdan Ya, and Rohaizad M. Norpiah, SPE, Petronas, prepared for the 2018 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 20–23 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2018 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
 Erosion caused by fine solid particles presents one of the greatest threats to oil and gas flow assurance, consequently affecting material selection and wall-thickness design. The authors of this paper conclude that the erosional effect caused by microsized particles is dependent on the flow patterns in the pipe, determined by superficial velocities of each phase. The results of the proposed modeling using multiphase computational fluid dynamics (MCFD) are expected to benefit erosion-impact assessment in multiphase hydrocarbon-production and -piping systems.
 Introduction
 Understanding the effect of key parameters that regulate erosion mechanisms is essential. Studies addressing these issues have concluded that particles rebound and that the erosion profile is dependent on particle motion inside oilfield conduits. Researchers also have found that the direct-impingement (semiempirical) model agreed with results achieved with the discrete-phase model implemented in CFD, while the pure empirical model severely under-predicted the erosion, thus emphasizing the importance of flow-behavior modeling. Furthermore, the majority of available erosion-prediction models involve single-phase systems, not taking into account multiphase flow patterns that address the characteristics of individual flow behaviors.
 In other studies, the erosional effect caused by microsized particles in single-phase carrier fluid also has been reported. One hypothesis is that the presence of these microsized particles acts as an enabler, which produces homogeneous pits on the surface of metal, increasing significantly the contact surface area upon which chemical and mechanical interactions can take place.
 The effect of multiphase flow and its interaction with sand particles, specifically fine solids, is often neglected. Hence, integrating both the erosion and fluid-flow models is essential in enhancing the accuracy of erosion evaluation.
 MCFD Model for Erosion Prediction
 In a pipeline system, the eroded spots caused by particles are detected typically at locations with restricted flow characteristics or radically changing flow directions, where the bend or elbow is identified as an erosion-susceptible area. Hence, in the present study, a 1-in. elbow is designed with a horizontal inlet and vertical upward outlet orientation. A length of 10 times the elbow internal diameter is placed upstream and down-stream of the 90° elbow.
 The computational procedure for this work includes MCFD simulation, where an annular flow regime of air and water is modeled in the elbow, incorporated with the division of grids to represent predefined flow conditions (Step 1). By tracking particle impingement within the carrier fluids (Step 2), erosion rate is calculated and analyzed (Step 3).


Abstract We describe here the theoretical concepts as well the proposal of a flexible system (algorithm) for granular sound synthesis from an extension of the Time-Frequency Space, which we have named Extended Space Gabor (ESG), which can be useful to composers and performers of electroacoustic music, electronic music, soundscapes designers and artistic installations. This system is able to synthesize soundscapes with granular streams directly integrated to the information content of images or videos. Conversely the system also is able to generate complex images from a library of basic graphics through a construction process controlled by the parameter values of a granular sound stream in real time, that is, based on the information content of the audio. So this is a dual system integrating images and sounds using their information content. We included in the Appendix a prototype program in MATLAB language in order to explore experimentally the ideas shown here.


This article takes Northeast Forestry University tree farm as an experimental field.By planting Medicago sativa L.,observes germination,growth rate,coverage,drought resistance,thermal resistance and other ecology compatibility indexes,and takes these as main indexes to evaluate slope protection effect.Using ring sampler to take soil samples which containing plant roots in site to carry on direct shear tests and gets shear strength.Compares these with soil samples without roots,and then evaluates preserving soil ability.According to experiments,it comes to conclusion that Medicago sativa L.is ideal slope protecting plant which is suitable for northeast area highway slope.


Abstract:AbstractThis article examines how representations of women of color in the 1970s shaped and were shaped by US feminist print cultures. Critiques of the US women's liberation movement importantly focus on its whiteness and US-centrism, deployment of concepts such as sisterhood, and practices such as tokenization. I propose a shift the terms of this conversation through a semiotic and affective analysis of representations of women of color across a range of US feminist periodicals published during the 1970s. Specifically, I identify patterns in the representation of figures of Indochinese and other revolutionary women, attending to what is consistent and what varies in their representation. I argue that the revolutionary, antiracist, antisexist, and anti-imperialist struggles of women of color lent US feminism a weight that countered the ways movement outsiders—particularly mainstream media and the New Left—trivialized and devalued feminist activism. This paper thus seeks to demonstrate that portrayals of women of color countered not only sexism but also the implicit racism in dominant narratives characterizing the women's liberation movement.


s The optimal fabrication conditions for Gd0.1Ce0.9O2-δ(GDC) buffer layer and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) cathode on 1mol% CeO2–10mol% Sc2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (CeScSZ) electrolyte were investigated for application of IT-SOFCs. GDC buffer layer was used in order to prevent undesired chemical reactions between LSCF and CeScSZ. These experiments were carried out with 5 x 5cm anode supported unit cells to investigate the tendencies of electrochemical performance, Microstructure development and interface reaction between LSCF/GDC/CeScSZ along with the variations of GDC buffer layer thickness, sintering temperatures of GDC and LSCF were checked, respectively. Electrochemical performance was analyzed by DC current-voltage measurement and AC impedance spectroscopy. Microstructure and interface reaction were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Although the interfacial reaction between these materials could not be perfectly inhibited, We found that the cell, in which 6μm GDC interlayer sintered at 1200°C and LSCF sintered at 1000°C were applied, showed good interfacial adhesions and effective suppression of Sr, thereby resulting in fairly good performance with power density of 0.71W/cm at 800°C and 0.7V. Keyword: SOFC, Electrolyte, GDC buffer layer, LSCF cathode


The working point for the polarized proton run in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is constrained between 2/3 and 7/10 in order to maintain good beam lifetime and polarization. To further increase the bunch intensity to improve the luminosity, a low energy Gaussian electron beam, or an electron lens is proposed to head-on collide with the proton beam to compensate the large tune shift and tune spread generated by the proton-proton beam-beam interactions at IP6 and IPS. In this article, we outline the scheme of headon beam-beam compensation in the RHIC and give the layout of e-lens installation and the parameters of the proton and electron beams. The involved physics and engineering issues are shortly discussed.


The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to read August Strindberg's Giftas in relation to two strands: conduct books on one hand and consumer culture on the other, and to analyse representations of ...


Aim. To analyze the latest publications of laser radiation in coronary heart disease treatment. Material and methods. Recent publications in scientifi c and medical literature devoted to the use of laser radiation in the treatment of coronary heart disease were reviewed. Results and discussion. Standard drug therapy for coronary heart disease, is characterized by the presence of adverse effects, allergic reactions, lack of symptoms control and quality of life decrease, and drug resistance. For this reason, the attention of researchers is attracted by laser therapy. The effectiveness of laser radiation has been confi rmed in a number of clinical trials, with a high level of evidence. Indications for laser therapy are: stable angina II–III functional classes; unstable angina pectoris; myocardial infarction; chronic heart failure, a combination of coronary heart disease with hypertension; refractoriness to antianginal drugs. Conclusion. Inclusion in the combine treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease laser therapy effectively, signifi cantly optimizes traditional treatment, which determines the appropriateness of its use in the treatment of these patients.


Suppose that $A \subset \{1,\dots, N\}$ has no two elements differing by $p-1$, $p$ prime. Then $|A| \ll N^{1 - c}$.


This study analyses the dynamics of Gross Domestic Product and health expenditure for 25 OECD European countries from 1993 to 2015. The novelty of this work is in the joint evaluation of the impact of the Great Recession of the XXI century and the post-crisis period on the growth dynamics of both variables. We estimate a Vector Error Correction model with countries' fixed effects, and amongst other findings, we conclude that the growth dynamics of health expenditure did not change significantly during the crisis. We perform additional assessments with a third variable related to the population's health status that show there was a higher rate of people reporting poor health during the crisis and in the following periods, and the health status is caused by GDP rather than health spending. Moreover, we decompose the analysis by health financing scheme, and we observe that countries mostly financed by compulsory health insurance scheme had a worsened health status even though there was no decrease in the growth of health expenditure. These findings are a relevant contribution to the comprehensive and recent literature about the impact of the financial crisis on health. We show there was no direct impact of the Great Recession on the process that determines health expenditure growth, and that a possible deterioration in health during the recession goes beyond the effect on health spending of economic growth.


It is critically important that pilots of small aircraft fully understand weather conditions in order to plan a safe flight. Many such pilots fly by visual reference to the ground and cannot enter clouds. Online weather data is available to assist pilots with planning flights in order to avoid poor conditions. However, this data is provided in an extremely terse and cryptic format. The reports are time consuming to decode and impose a high cognitive load. We introduce the SkyScope visualization that plots weather information on timelines using graphical indicators. We believe SkyScope allows pilots to more quickly and easily determine if weather conditions are suitable for a particular flight.


Mg1xZnxGd0.02Fe1.98O4 ferrites were prepared by the solid state reaction method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. A single spinel phase was obtained in all prepared samples. It was found that the lattice parameter increases as the Mg2+ ions are replaced by the Zn2+ ions. The magnetization measurements indicate the increased effect of spin canting of Fe3+ ions in the octahedral sites at x  0.3.


One of the elaborated tasks for the low level image processing stage of a vision system is the completion of cluttered or occluded object boundaries and the depth assignment of overlapped boundaries. We describe a novel method for depth ordering and figure-ground segregation from monocular depth cues, namely the arrangement of so-called illusory contours at junctions in the edge map of an image. Therefore, a computational approach to the perception of illusory contours, based on the tensor voting technique, is introduced. Furthermore, two simple rules for figure-ground segregation are presented that are capable of explaining a wide range of perceptual phenomena like the Kanizsa illusion. Finally, we present a diffusion approach to derive the depth ordering for the whole contour from the figure-ground segregation at key points.


The impact of garbage on human health, the environment and economic development is self-evident. Today, the rapid development and wide application of deep learning technology in the field of vision has enabled the idea of automatic classification of garbage through AI. Most of the previous garbage image classification work is achieved by CNN-based methods. However, due to the limitation of receptive fields, these methods cannot fully use contextual information to capture features. This is not conducive to distinguishing garbage images with similar features, such as cups with different materials of the same shape and color. To solve this problem, we used vision transformer (ViT) as a backbone network combined with fine-grained classification to classify garbage images. In our work, we propose a novel pure transformer-based framework Dual-branch Feature Fusion Vision Transformer (DBFF). We designed a dual-branched network structure (DBN) to solve the loss of key feature information when the input image is divided into patches and propose the hierarchical feature extraction module (HFE), which is used to extract important features in each layer to compensate for the output bottom and middle level feature information. We tested on three junk datasets to verify the effectiveness of DBFF. The experimental results show that the performance improved compared to ViT and better than most current convolutional neural networks.


Five-axis turning-milling center is an important and advanced NC machine in fields of military industry,aerospace,automobile and medical machinery.The kinematics equation is built based on D-H method by the analysis of the structure of five-axis turning-milling center.The precision workspace is presented and its definition is given based on the generalized workspace and precision reliability.The precision workspace of five-axis turning-milling center is analyzed based on Monte Carlo method.Different kinematics parameters have different effect on the precision reliability.The mathematical model of precision reliability for machining center is built.The sensitivity of precision reliability for machining center is analyzed using analytical method.Finally,sensitivity is given.


e14151 Background: ICIs have revolutionized outcomes in many advanced malignancies, however their use is associated with irAEs. Methods: An IRB-approved, retrospective chart review was done using the Cleveland Clinic pharmacy database. Patients were included who received six FDA approved (nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, or durvalumab) ICIs from July 2015 to December 2017. irAEs were identified from review of electronic medical records. Descriptive analysis was done to evaluate the incidence, pattern, and severity of irAEs. Results: A total of 1091 patients received ICI therapy, 651 (59.7%) were male, 958 (87.4%) white, 95 (8.7%) black. Lung cancer (540, 49.5%) comprised the majority of the cohort, followed by melanoma (152, 13.9%), and renal cell carcinoma (121, 11.1%). About 996 (91.3%) received treatment with only one ICI, 85 (7.8%) with 2 ICIs, and only 10 patients received 3 ICIs. A total of 487 (44.63%) patients encountered irAEs, 128 (11.73%) resulting in treatment cessation. Fatigue (152, 13.9%) was the most common, followed by dermatologic irAEs (131, 12%). Endocrine irAEs occurred in 108 (9.89%), GI toxicities, namely diarrhea and colitis, were seen in 92 (8.4%) and hepatotoxicity in 54 (4.94%). Other irAEs including rheumatologic, pneumonitis, renal, and neurological adverse effects were documented in 6.5%, 5.1%, 2.56%, and 2.01% respectively. Rare irAEs such as ocular toxicity, cardiac toxicity, and vasculitis were seen in 0.8%, 0.73%, and 0.54%, respectively. Compared with a pooled analysis from clinical trials (De Velasco G et al. Comprehensive Meta-analysis of Key irAEs from CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Cancer Patients) dermatologic irAEs and fatigue were less frequent; diarrhea/colitis, pneumonitis and rheumatologic irAEs were more frequent. Conclusions: irAEs on ICI therapy are very common. Awareness of the relative frequencies of various irAEs, particularly severe and rare irAEs, in a real-world setting can help improve quality of care for cancer patients receiving ICI. [Table: see text]


This new edition of the Hekhalot, prepared by Peter Schafer and his colleagues, is one of the most important publications to appear in Judaic studies in recent years. It marks the beginning of a new epoch in the study of the early literature of Jewish mysticism. I devote this review article to defending and elaborating these judgments. Using as an example the Hekhalot materials relating to the rabbinic story of the four rabbis who entered a garden (pardes), I indicate why no critical edition of the Hekhalot is now possible, and why Schafer's synoptic publication of manuscripts is the only viable alternative. On the basis of the materials assembled in this publication, I suggest that scholars have normally exaggerated the role that the ecstatic journey plays in the Hekhalot. A key bit of evidence for the conventional view, the responsum of Hai Gaon, turns out to be based on a misunderstanding of a passage from the Hekhalot. The Sar Torah materials, which promise magically acquired mastery of Torah, are at least as fundamental. SYNOPSE ZUR HEKHALOT-LITERATUR is a work so intelligently conceived, so meticulously executed, so immensely valuable for anyone who wants to explore the so-called mystical literature of ancient Judaism, that the only appropriate response to it is rapture. I would exaggerate, but not grotesquely, if I were to compare its importance to that of the first publications of the Dead Sea Scrolls. It is true that the Hekhalot texts, unlike the Scrolls, have long been known. But, available (if at all) mostly in scattered, bewildering, and unreliable editions, they were nearly as hard for most scholars to study as if they were buried in caves in the Judean desert. Now Peter Schafer and his colleagues have laid them out for anyone who can read Hebrew and Aramaic. They have used for this purpose the only format that, given our present limited


Parliamentary behavior is a subject that is under explored by jurists in Brazil. Commonly referred to as the object of political science, Brazilian constitutional theory was little concerned with analyzing its relationship with the constitutional interpretation performed on the daily basis of ordinary politics. Based on an interdisciplinary reading, using the exploratory method, the study intends to expose the theoretical paradigm of new institutionalism of rational choice, which appears as a central aspect of the theory of parliamentary behavior, using its contribution to evaluate the impact of institutions on legislative constitutional interpretation. It concludes, in the end, that legal studies are lacking to consider institutional implications in the interpretation of the Constitution.


This year marks the 20th anniversary of the Chinese capital market. In the past two decades, it has started from scratch and experienced an extraordinary growth with market size increasing from small to big and market coverage from regional to nationwide, playing an important role in the national economic and social development. The development of the capital market has promoted the establishment of a modern enterprise system in China. Listed companies, outstanding representatives of Chinese enterprises, are the corner stone of sound capital market development. The improved governance system and higher governance level of listed companies have consolidated the foundation of the capital market, increased its attractiveness and vitality, given an effective boost to the capital market's role in optimising resource allocation and promoted the healthy and steady development of the Chinese capital market.


On the heels of oversight hearings on the first anniversary of the Medicare Part D program, patient advocates and pharmacists shared their insights.


In this paper, study on the relation between air pollution and children's respiratory system disease prevalence is discussed based on the data of prevalence questionnaire and air pollution monitoring. The results show that PM2.5 and PM10 particulates have positive linear relation with children's respiratory system disease prevalence rather than SO2 and Nox. The integrated impact of particulates, SO2 and NOx significantly effect on asthma, as well as particulate and Nox on cough without cold.


There are regularities in the world of which we become aware in our sensible experience; we record through our sense experience of the world that, for example, All humans are animals:


To pilot and evaluate a combined community‐based education and middle school‐based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in a rural, medically underserved Texas area.The study included 2276 students enrolled at three Rio Grande City Grulla Independent School District, (RGCGISD, formerly Rio Grande City Consolidated Independent School District) middle schools (08/2016–02/2020). The intervention took place in a middle school setting with the community‐based, physician‐led HPV education campaign starting in 08/2016, and a school‐based vaccination program (Phase 1: 08/2017; Phase 2: 08/2018). Pre‐ and postintervention HPV vaccination rates were tracked against 2016 National Immunization Survey‐Teen rates (target: initiation 49.3%; completion 32.9%). Summary statistics were stratified by middle school.In 2016, HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates for RGCGISD were lower than the national average (39.7% and 17.9%, respectively). In 2020, the overall HPV vaccine initiation rate increased by 58.0% (from 39.7% to 68.5%) and completion rates doubled (from 17.9% to 42.1%). The median age at HPV vaccine initiation and HPV vaccine completion (range) were 11.2 years (9–15) and 12 years (9–15). The median interval between HPV vaccine doses (range) was 287 days (36–1576). There were different between males and females among the three middle schools.Middle schools serve as a feasible, effective interventional setting for delivering and increasing HPV education and vaccine uptake among adolescents, which offers substantial long‐term health benefits.


Background/Aim. Early childhood caries (ECC) is an infectious multifactorial disease, which involves the presence of caries on any deciduous teeth in children up to the age of 71 months, and begins through a complex process involving the transmission of infectious bacteria, eating habits, and oral hygiene. The purpose of this paper was to examine the prevalence and possible risk factors for the emergence of caries in early childhood. Methods. The research was carried out as an analytical crosssectional study, including 239 children aged 13-71 months, of both genders living in rural areas of the Kosovo Pomoravlje region. All selected children from the sample were examined with standard dental diagnostic tools (dental mirrors, dental probe) under artificial lighting in a dental chair. Klein-Palmer's DMFT system (d-decayed, m-missing, f-filling) was used to identify caries. Data on social status, attitudes, habits, and behavior of the parents of the examined children are recorded in questionnaires specially designed for this study. Results. Prevalence of caries in the study sample was 56.5%. The average number of diseased teeth per respondent for all children tested was 4.0. In analyzing the received data, the following seven possible ECC predictors with a significance level of p <0.05 were found to be of statistical relevance: the age of the mother (p = 0.004), visits to the dentist (p = 0.026) the reason for visiting the dentist (p = 0.038 ), use of a bottle in nursing (p = 0.001), child's age (p <0.001), child's birth order (p = 0.007), and the child's teeth brushing habits (p = 0.003). Conclusion. The data obtained in the study indicated a high prevalence of deciduous teeth caries in the examined children, which indicates the need for intensive preventive efforts, both with children and the parents, as well as early diagnosis and treatment for early childhood caries.


The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the blood pressure of Tunisian adolescents, and investigate several associated factors. After analysis, the authors found interesting results: Hypertension was present in 4.7% of adolescents. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was higher in male group, and the prevalence of high BP was also higher in this group. There was a significant association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with BP elevation in adolescents of both genders. Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension was more frequent among boys with a high economic level and sedentary lifestyle. For girls, hypertension was more frequent among non-attending school girls and those who skipped daily meals. The authors conclude that adolescents from Tunisia, especially those overweight and obese, also have premature high blood pressure.


This paper proposes an analysis of poverty development in Europe during the recent economic crisis considering policies that have been implemented to fight it. We focus on five countries namely France, Germany, Spain, Sweden and the UK, each of them standing for a social protection model. The rising unemployment that comes along with the economic downturn increases the risk of poverty and challenges European models' capacity to contain that risk. The joint analysis of pre-crisis situation and...


The demand and use for Tele-dermatology (TDM) to diagnose skin lesions is rising worldwide. Using the technology acceptance model, we evaluate the factors influencing the acceptance of Tele-Dermatology to diagnose skin lesions among the Lebanese students. We complete a pilot study with Lebanese students from Saint Joseph University of Beirut (USJ). After examining the responses in a descriptive analysis, we develop some initial hypotheses and proceed to build the statistical model to test them using Smart PLS3. Our findings show that 64% of the students are ready to use Tele-Dermatology in their everyday life. Most of those students are females between 18 and 24 years old. Wrapping up our results, information from this study indicates that marital status is most likely a determinant of intention to use TDM among students – whereby, most single students are ready now (65%) while most married students are inclined to use it in the future (67%). The study also suggests that the Lebanese youth prioritize result demonstrability as a factor in their intention to use TDM. Further, mobile TDM must save them time must be easy to use to be perceived useful.


The intense debate on many ethical dilemmas associated with an expanding program of clinical research in developing countries has failed to resolve all controversy. We suggest that many contested issues could be addressed through greater attention to different worldviews on the relationship between research and clinical care and by defining policies that both progressively improve the standard of care in research and link research to improved delivery of health care in developing countries.


Five species of the family Tetranychidae are reported for the first time in Sumatra, Indonesia. One of these species is described as new to science: Oligoaychus sumatranus sp. nov. firom Pithecettobium dutce (Roxb.) Benth. The new species is distinetive in that tibia I has eight tactile setae and the aedeagus gently bends ventrad to form a slender, nearly straight distal hook. The female of Schizotetranychus malayanus Ehara, 1988, previously un-known, is described; leg I of some females is recognized to exhibit the chaetotaxy similar to that in males.


The ACI Building Code, first issued in 1910, is the primary knowledge asset of the American Concrete Institute and the concrete construction industry in the U.S. For nearly a century, the Code, by its adoption into virtually all US model building codes, has been the leading document in many areas related to concrete, including education, design, materials, construction, and repair. It is arguably one of the most influential concrete codes in the world. The Code is a primary reason for ACI's reputation as the leading source of technical information on the use of concrete. The framework of the current ACI Building Code has remained essentially unchanged since 1963. In 1963 ultimate strength design was introduced, prestressed concrete was in its infancy, and there were no provisions for seismic design or connections to concrete. The Code served to inform, educate and provide guidance for the introduction of strength design methods. Knowledge expands with time through practice and research. In the case of structural engineering, knowledge is also gained through lessons learned from behavior of structures in catastrophic events such as earthquakes. The Code captures change through this insight into behavior, addition of new materials and construction techniques, and advancement of technology. It is the addition of new knowledge that underlies the growth of ACI 318 Code and Commentary from 60 pages in 1956 to 471 pages in 2008. The Code has grown from 750 provisions and 250 primary cross-references in 1971 to over 2500 provisions and 1500 primary cross-references in 2008.


Providing a / fluid interface controller and a method and apparatus or measurement, which comprises using a radiation source and a nuclear level measurement device of a radiation detector to measure and / or control fluid interface. Of the core gauge mounted on the outside of the substantially vertical standpipe, the standpipe to be in fluid interface with the same measurement and / or control of the fluid container communicates, the vertical standpipe mounted outside the container and in communication therewith , fluid in the pipe stand so that the position of the interface corresponding to the same location of the fluid interface within the vessel.


This paper presents new measurements of the thermal conductivity of liquid methane at 110, 125, 155 and 180 K and pressures up to 10 MPa obtained with a transient hot wire equipment. The instrument is capable of measuring the thermal conductivity of fluids with an accuracy of ± 0.5% in all the thermodynamic states far from the critical region. — A reliable scheme for the interpolation and extrapolation of the thermal conductivity of liquid methane is presented. Values for the thermal conductivity of liquid methane along the saturation line were obtained, with an estimated accuracy better than 1%.


Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) encompasses a bevy of techniques that involve analyzing fluorescence intensity fluctuations occurring due to fluorescently labeled molecules diffusing in and out of a microscope's focal region. Statistical analysis of these fluctuations may reveal the oligomerization (i.e., association) state of said molecules. We have recently developed a new FFS‐based method, termed Two‐Dimensional Fluorescence Intensity Fluctuation (2D FIF) spectrometry, which provides quantitative information on the size and stability of protein oligomers as a function of receptor concentration. This article describes protocols for employing FIF spectrometry to quantify the oligomerization of a membrane protein of interest, with specific instructions regarding cell preparation, image acquisition, and analysis of images given in detail. Application of the FIF Spectrometry Suite, a software package designed for applying FIF analysis on fluorescence images, is emphasized in the protocol. Also discussed in detail is the identification, removal, and/or analysis of inhomogeneous regions of the membrane that appear as bright spots. The 2D FIF approach is particularly suited to assess the effects of agonists and antagonists on the oligomeric size of membrane receptors of interest. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.


The effect of temperature, soaking time and particle size on the dissolution of particles (Fe3P and Fe) during homogenization was simulated employing Thermocalc® and DICTRA software. The initial precipitate size was determined through metallographic evaluation on industrial as-cast Cu–Fe–P alloy. The particle sizes vary from submicron (<1 μm) up to 10 μm before the heat treatment. As homogenization temperature rises, the dissolution rate increases as well, but only on temperatures above 1273 K (1000 °C) is the rate capable of completely dissolving particles effectively. At temperatures above 1273 K (1000 °C), precipitates with sizes below 5 μm dissolve completely into the Cu matrix, while larger particles only slightly decrease their size. Particles at enriched copper areas remain undissolved and slightly increase their size which is attributed to micro segregation and the local change of equilibrium conditions. The simulation results are in agreement with homogenization trials at lab scale.


An algorithm and an example of calculation of gas emission flows from the urfaces of a molecular stage with helical channels made on the stator of a hybrid turbo molecular vacuum pump are considered. The Monte Carlo method in a three-dimensional formulation was used in calculations of the molecular regime of gas flow.


Law and medicine have in common that both disciplines are involved in making serious decisions with long term consequences on information that is heterogeneous and often incomplete. Evidence used in court ranges over several kinds of scientific discipline that underpin observations made by both experts and members of the public. The evidence is then subject to cross examination and ultimate judgment by the presiding legal officer and (in the United States' jurisdictions) a jury. Usually a judgment can subject to appeal if the Judge has misunderstood the facts of the case or misapplied the law to it. Evidence used in treating patients in the clinic similarly involves several scientific disciplines and the observations of the patient and possibly relatives or carers. The evidence is assessed usually by a medical practitioner, sometimes assisted by a team of other medical and health care practitioners. Often the decision on a diagnosis is reached in an iterative process where other information is sought before a therapy is instituted. Treatment follow up may result in changes. From the above process descriptions both professions are dependant on fully understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the range of both subjective and objective evidence presented to them. In medicine, the scope is more limited and medical practitioners are expected to be familiar with the science and behaviours surrounding their day-to-day work. Medical processes are more circumscribed and not normally open to public scrutiny: medicine is more reliant on personal judgments by those in charge of a particular case. The law challenges the medical model, often in public, by questioning clinical processes and using its own assessments of evidence. Moreover, the legal process is supported by sanction; in the civil law by the award of damages, in the criminal law state sanctioned punishment. The medical practitioner is therefore very likely to be challenged in court, whether as a defendant or as an expert witness because s/he is playing by another profession's rules. In particular public scrutiny and accountability of personal professional behavior and decisions on evidence can seem very threatening: experts may be asked to give evidence damaging to professional colleagues, and defendants may find themselves compared (favourably or unfavourably) to those recognized as most eminent in their Peer group. In most Courtrooms however, the Judge will hold the ring allowing a recognisable process of medical peer review to take place unless and until that peer review fails to come to a conclusion in the issue being tried, then the Court will look to intervene to break the deadlock. In the United States the Judge will pose the factual issue and the peer review process to the Jury – in most cases the Jury favours the medical/scientific status quo. Occasionally – just occasionally – it upsets that status quo. In a non jury Trial the Judge will make findings of fact against which the medical evidence will be interpreted; where there is a deadlock between experts the Court will use a variety of tools – in England and Wales the Bolam/Bolitho tests will assess the reasonableness of those experts' positions.


This paper presents a micro-computer-controlled direct-reading water meter and carrier based on CAN Bus transceiver, and their working method and relationship. This kind of water meter adopts touching electric brush to convert code position of digital code wheel of water meter into voltage signal which will be input to micro-computer in parallel. The measured data of water meter is input by micro-computer to CAN Bus-driver serially. And, through Bus-driver and carrier, network transmission of information is realized. The micro-computer simulates data link of CAN bus, and adds the sum check in lengthways in application, which may lower the cost of the hardware and improve the reliability of data transmission.


Purpose – In the majority (third) world, informal employment has been long viewed as an asset to be harnessed rather than a hindrance to development. The purpose of this paper is to show how a similar perspective is starting to be embraced in advanced economies and investigates the implications for public policy of this re-reading.Design/methodology/approach – Documents the shifts in how informal employment in western economies is conceptualised in both the academic literature and public policy.Findings – This paper reveals that the representation of informal employment as an exploitative, low-paid sweatshop realm is being replaced with a depiction of such work as a hidden enterprise culture that needs to be harnessed. Evaluating how this might be achieved, the need for a shift in public policy away from a deterrence approach and towards an approach that combines deterrents with enabling initiatives to pull this hidden enterprise culture into the formal economy is identified. Specific enabling measures to achieve this in the context of advanced economies are then discussed.Practical implications – This paper displays how western governments can harness the hidden enterprise culture by setting out specific initiatives to enable its transfer into the formal economy.Originality/value – This paper provides one of the first attempts to re-read informal employment as a hidden enterprise culture and to evaluate its implications for public policy.


The author has identified the following significant results. Both LANDSAT imagery and digital data were studied for usefulness in surveying water conditions of Minnesota lakes. Initial consideration was given to analysis of LANDSAT image densities because of the low technologic and cost requirements. The techniques employed, however, yield inconsistent and unreliable results. A set of criteria are given for using LANDSAT data in identification of three categories of particulate contaminants in Lake Superior. A linear transformation giving the relationship between the residual LANDSAT intensities and concentrations of three contaminants was obtained from correlation of remote sensing data with insitu measurements. LANDSAT imagery was found useful in placing peat bogs and fens in their respective geologic settings. Artificial disturbances and drainageways in peatlands could be recognized and classified.


The invention relates to a fluorescence indicator with long fluorescence lifetime. Europium is taken as central metal and amino bridged dipyridyl is taken as an auxiliary ligand for the fluorescence indicator. The designed fluorescence indicator can be excited by ultraviolet light, produces high-intensity fluorescence and has large stokes shift which can reach 280 nm; meanwhile, the fluorescence indicator has a time resolution characteristic and can emit fluorescence for a long time after excitation, the fluorescence can reach the microsecond level, and biological background fluorescence of a to-be-tested sample can be eliminated according to the characteristic.


Recently, it has been proved that a different switching surface can preserve the walking trajectory while varying the walking stability [1], [2]. In this paper, by employing the simplest passive dynamic biped, we optimize the switching surface to maximize the robot's stability. Here, the stability measure is preferably the size of the basin of attraction, i.e. the collection of all possible initial conditions leading to the system's equilibrium point. Numerical investigations indicate that the maximum stability is obtained for neither the highest nor the lowest walking speed.


Smoking rates in US racial and ethnic groups can vary more than twofold between subgroups, a new study published by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found.1

The findings, CDC officials said, showed that smoking reduction efforts might be more effective if they targeted culturally appropriate interventions at those ethnic and racial subgroups with the highest prevalence of tobacco use. Bridgette Garrett, associate director for health equity in the CDC's Office on Smoking and Health, said, "Looking beyond broad racial and ethnic population categories can help better focus the strategies that we know work to reduce tobacco use among subgroups with …


Using ultrahigh vacuum sputter film deposition, we fabricated L10-type Fe50Pt50 ordered alloy perpendicular films on MgO(001) single-crystal substrates and 2.5 in. glass disks at low substrate temperatures of 200–350 °C. Then we examined the magnetic properties of the dot arrays made from these films. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy Ku for L10-type FePt films (10 nm in thickness) deposited with a Pd underlayer on MgO(001) substrates reached about 2 × 107 erg/cm3 at the substrate temperature Ts of 200 °C, and 3 × 107 erg/cm3 at Ts = 250 °C. The order parameter S was about 0.46 at Ts = 300 °C. Moreover, Ku for L10-FePt films fabricated on glass disks using MgO/Cr underlayers shows 3.4 × 107 erg/cm3 at Ts = 300 °C, which was almost equal to that for FePt single-crystal films deposited on Pd/MgO(001). The switching field distribution σ/Hc for dot arrays made from L10-FePt film [5 nm in thickness, on Pd/MgO(001) at Ts = 250 °C] was small; σ/Hc = 0.11 for a dot diameter of 15 nm. This value was smaller than th...


This communication deals with social interests and demands in relation to AFMN, seen from the perspective of the faculty of Physical Education, with the aim of finding the vision of this group on the social reality that surrounds them and their application in the school setting. To do this, we rely on a qualitative methodology which we use as a research tool Discussion Group which met at the Seminar Area Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal of the University of Granada, where five university teachers and three ESO teachers participated. As results and conclusions, include consideration of teachers to these files, as they offer a motivation to students that willingly assumed, for breaking formal classical structure based on the rigid schedule that prevails in schools and that teachers have clear that the future of physical activities, involves using the environment, looking out of universities and educational centers, observing the society where it thinks, what your preferences are, what you want to achieve, what their interest regarding new physical activities, their potential as source of employment and development of rural and regional areas... and the difficulties encountered in its development in the school environment.


: This paper presents a comparative study of scale recovering in monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (Mono-SLAM) by adopting and adapting four estimators into a multi-rate fusion mechanism and considering the scale as an element of the state vector. These estimators are: extended Kalman filter (EKF), smooth variable structure filter (SVSF), combined SVSF-EKF, and particularly adaptive smooth variable structure filter (ASVSF). The use of the ASVSF estimator represents the novelty of this paper because it provides a robust estimation of the trajectory scale as well as the covariance matrix at each iteration. This later represents the estimation incertitude. A second sensor is involved (inertial measurement unit (IMU)) as a reference to align the up to scale trajectory provided by the Mono-SLAM box. The designed system allows finding the scale factor with a rate not further than the IMU frequency and avoids complex synchronization. In order to outline the limitation of each estimator used for scale recovering, a deep analysis of the proposed approaches in terms of robustness, stability, accuracy, and real-time constraint was carried out.


Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world, whose etiologic agents are protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. Recent data show that approximately 40% of the population is exposed to malaria, especially individuals who live in tropical or subtropical countries. In recent years, there was a growing concern with the disease combat. The control's infection strategies are based on development of vaccines and drugs, as well as the advancement of politics for the vector's eradication, chemoprophylaxis and improvement of health systems. In this revision therapeutic measures, vaccination, and economic, political and social aspects are presented, which may contribute to elimination of malaria.


The Chinese materia medica was classified into several categories by experience. It is difficult to find the material basis of this classification only by chemical ways. As near infrared spectrum can provide internal molecular information of material, it can be used to analyze the ingredients of medicines. Firstly, the NIR spectra of six kinds of medicines in the same category were used to make sure that this method can identify the medicines correctly, and then we use the spectra of medicines belonging to different categories and combined with LSA technology to classify the medicines. The cosine similarity was used to calculate the correlation. The result was transformed to a visualization of the correlation matrix and was then shown by a gray-scale picture. The classified result turns out to be perfect.


The modification mechanism of coal and pyrite surface by metal corrosion interaction was studied. The surface structures of coal and pyrite changed after metal corrosion interaction treatment, which was proved by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) and XRay Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Under certain electrochemical operation condition, the oxygencontaining functional groups on coal surface reduced and the floatability of coal improved. At the same time, hydrophilic substances were produced on pyrite surface and its floatability reduced. So, surface modifications of coal and pyrite took different direction and the goal of flotation desulfurization could be achieved.


Nanshan scenic spot is the area where geological hazard is rather developed in the urban of Chongqing. Based on field observation and investigation,six risk factors resulting in geological hazard includes: terrain slope,formation lithology combination,geological structure,the thickness of accumulation body,groundwater and engineering activities. The value assignment of index is obtained through expert system,and the weight of index is determined by analytical hierarchy process (AHP); the risk zoning assessment model of geological hazard is established. Hereby,based on GIS platform,the risk zoning of geological hazard of Nanshan scenic spot is identified,including slight hazard area,medium hazard area,high hazard area,extremely hazard area. They take up 65. 2% ,18. 1% ,13. 2% and 3. 5% respectively in area; and these data are consistent with those of actual situation. The research results can provide certain scientific basis for the comprehensive development of land and resources as well as the environmental protection in scenic spot.


This book covers the area of tribology broadly, providing important introductory chapters to fundamentals, processing, and applications of tribology. The book is designed primarily for easy and coh ...


The article by Hu et al. is very meaningful. 1 We agree that their game-based computer application proved to be an effective tool for teaching medical students. Furthermore, there have also been some other articles suggesting the effectiveness of game-based learning. 2,3 Therefore, we think it necessary to pay more attention to game-based learning. But the original study did not discuss the opinions of the students for some limitations while we think the views of students in game-based learning are equally important, because the joint involvement of teachers and students is required during the teaching process and the students ' thoughts would also affect the quality of teaching; thus, we did a survey by questionnaire to investigate students ' perceptions of learning disaster medicine with a novel game-based computer application. This study randomly selected, using Likert scale, 65 medical students to complete the questionnaire. Among them, 43 students are female. In this questionnaire, we asked students whether they liked games or lectures to learn disaster medicine. We also investigated the advan-tages they thought of games over lectures, and which electronic products they liked to use when studying through games. And then we collected the data and drew 2 figures by Microsoft Excel to analyze the results. The results have shown that 38 students (58.5%) hold the view that games are better than online lectures, and 23 students (35.4%) are sitting on the fence. In addition, 51 students (78.5%) believe that it could bring more enjoyment in their disaster medicine knowledge learning when


This study examines how illustrations are used to introduce the concept of multiplication in Swedish mathematics textbooks intended for use with 2nd grade students. The aim is to find out how instr ...


The proper use of daylight lays a solid cornerstone to the framework of energy saving techniques in non residential buildings, satisfying the occupants' physiological and psychological needs. It is directly connected with lighting, and if solar gains and glare issues are balanced carefully, with cooling energy savings as well especially in warm climates. Mirrored lightshelves can be used for this purpose, offering shading and sunlight redirection at the same time. Using a high reflectance ceiling, increased values of daylighting levels far away from the perimeter zone can be achieved, together with an improvement in uniformity. Since 1994, several variants have been proposed from Stationary Projecting Reflector Arrays to anidolic ones. Nevertheless, the majority of the systems examined in the literature are static while the analysis of their dynamic behavior is quite limited. The paper examines a fenestration system which consists of a combination of an exterior suntracking mirrored lightshelf and a static diffuse internal one. Exterior lightself tilt angle is calculated according to the sun's projected elevation angle and the position of a predefined target area on the ceiling. Using this approach, lighting energy savings can be increased due to the increase in daylight levels in areas far away from the perimeter zone. Five case studies representing two typical south oriented office rooms with different depths and various Window to Floor ratios have been used. The results indicate that a suntracking lightself can increase considerably daylighting levels in areas away of the perimeter zone especially if a small window area is used.


Isotopic studies indicate that some examples of potassic magmatism are derived from ancient, highly enriched (radiogenic ^'^Sr/^'^Sr, unradiogenic ^'^^Nd/^'^'^Nd) sources, and in an attempt to investigate the origins of these enriched components, we have undertaken a comparative Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic and geochemical examination of potassic magmatism from a number of localities. Diamond-bearing lamproites from Western Australia, leucitites from Gaussberg, high-K alkaline dykes from MacRobertson Land, Enderby Land and Queen Mary Land regions of east Antarctica and madupites, wyomingites and orendites from Leucite Hills, Wyoming, have remarkably similar geochemical characteristics (Fig. 1). All have high Ni and Cr contents and high Mg numbers (each locality averaging Mg/(Mg+total Fe)>0.65 with the exception of Maiming Massif, Mt Bayliss and Bunger Hills samples, which have Mg numbers of 0.58, 0.58 and 0.50 respectively) as well as high to extreme abundances of K2O, Ti02, F, Cl, SO-,, H2O, P2O5, Ba, LREE, high K20/Na20, Fe^VFe^'*', Th/U, La/Nb and Ba/La ratios, low K/Rb and K/Ba ratios and relatively low abundances of AI2O3, CaO and Na20. On a Sr-Nd isotope diagram (Fig. 2), these magmas lie within the "enriched" quadrant, indicating that their sources have had long histories (>1 byrs) of high Rb/Sr and low Sm/Nd (ie; LREE enrichment). Pb isotopic compositions (Fig. 3) indicate multistage histories of U/Pb fractionation, requiring an earlier high U/Pb stage to generate the high ^^^Pb/^'^Pb, followed by a low


PURPOSE: A flow rate detector for a fuel tank is provided to reduce failure rate and enable a user to easily check the air-tightness of a filling liquid space. CONSTITUTION: A flow rate detector for a fuel tank comprises a case(10), a stopper(50), and filling liquid. A filling liquid space is formed in the case. A filling liquid inlet(12) is formed on the top of the case. The stopper closes the filling liquid inlet formed in the case. The stopper seals the filling liquid space. The filling liquid space is filled with the filling liquid for anti-rust and lubrication. A resistance board and a wiper(40) are located in the filling liquid space.


The theory of the five elements was born of ancient philosophy of China which started from the old folklore. This theory has an important place in the history of Chinese ancient philosophy. After imported into the world of traditional Chinese medicine, it was developed more. Through researching the beginning, the development and the maturation of the theory of the five elements in philosophy, I hope to understand the application and the development of this theory better in the system info of traditional Chinese medicine.


A non‐approximation‐based output feedback control strategy for a class of switched large‐scale nonlinear systems with quantized inputs and sensor uncertainties is proposed. A dynamic gain, which is shared by the state observers and controllers of all the subsystems, is designed so that the effects of sensor uncertainties, quantized inputs, unknown parameters, and external disturbances can be compensated. By constructing some common Lyapunov functions (CLFs) shared by the switched systems, it is proved that with the proposed scheme, the closed‐loop system stability can be guaranteed under arbitrary switching, and the outputs of all the subsystems can be steered to within arbitrarily small neighborhoods of the origin.


Periodic highly dense multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays can act as photonic materials exhibiting band gaps in the visible regime and beyond terahertz range. MWCNT arrays in square arrangement for nanoscale lattice constants can be configured as a microcavity with predictable resonance frequencies. Here, computational analyses of compact square microcavities (≈0.8 × 0.8 μm2) in MWCNT arrays were demonstrated to obtain enhanced quality factors (≈170–180) and narrow-band resonance peaks. Cavity resonances were rationally designed and optimized (nanotube geometry and cavity size) with finite element method. Series (1 × 2 and 1 × 3) and parallel (2 × 1 and 3 × 1) combinations of microcavities were modeled and resonance modes were analyzed. Higher order MWCNT microcavities showed enhanced resonance modes, which were red shifted with increasing Q-factors. Parallel microcavity geometries were also optimized to obtain narrow-band tunable filtering in low-loss communication windows (810, 1336, and 1558 nm)....


miRNAs (microRNAs)are a class of small, non-encoding, endogenous RNAs of 21-25 nucleotides (nts) in length. By binding to target mRNAs, they exert various modulatory effects in different species, tissues and diseases. Also, it has been demonstrated that they are associated with some dermatoses and characteristically expressed in these dermatoses. Further investigation into the relationship between miRNAs and skin diseases will provide new ideas and targets for the treatment of diseases.

Key words:
Skin diseases;  microRNAs;  Gene expression regulation


This paper presents the novel rectenna design for Wireless Power Transmission. The design would receive and convert microwave of 2.45GHz to DC. Proposed rectenna is a combination of Microstrip patch antenna, followed by stepped impedance filter and zero biased rectifier. Performance of rectenna is analyzed using Harmonic Balance Analysis. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed.


century to about 66 years at the moment. The possibility of increase in life expectancy due to decline in mortality is a great human achievement which was made possible by the scientific and technological progress in human society. Malthus was perhaps the first to deny this way back in 1798 when he wrote the first essay '


The province of Alberta (Canada) relies mainly on river water for domestic, industrial and irrigation uses. The Bow River Basin (BRB) provides a large component of this water in southern Alberta. A strong economy in Alberta driven by the oil and gas industry has intensified population growth and agricultural activity in the region. The population growth has put severe strains on the currently available water resources, particularly since Rocky Mountain stream flows have also been declining over the past 100 years. The objective of this ongoing study is to determine whether stable isotope techniques are a suitable tool to assess the contribution of snow melt to runoff in the Bow River in order to facilitate runoff predictions. The study area stretches from the headwaters of the Bow River in the Rocky Mountains to Calgary, approximately 250 km downstream. Snow (2007) and river water samples (2004-2007) were collected weekly to monthly. The isotopic composition of the snow pack in the headwater regions and the isotopic composition of runoff in headwater creeks and streams were determined and compared with each other. The δ{18}O values of the 2007 snow pack varied between -24.0 and -18.0 with lower values occurring in January and February. Maximum snow water equivalents (SWE) and snow depths were reached in late April with average δ{18}O values of -21.8 , while summer precipitation was characterised by δ{18}O values around -17 . The mean δ{18}O value of the Bow River in the headwater region was -20.0 (2004-2007). Since the δ{18}O value of the Bow River is within 2 of the δ{18}O value of the snow pack, it indicates that snow melt is a major source of water contributing to riverine flow either through direct runoff or via groundwater discharge. A better understanding of how snow melt contributes to riverine runoff will help with water management strategies and facilitate runoff predictions under future climate change scenarios predicting less snowpack and earlier snow melt.


MRI and MRS in small rodents demand very high sensitivity. Cryogenic transmit/receive radiofrequency probes (CryoProbes) designed for 1H MRI of mouse brain provide an attractive option for increasing the performance of small‐animal MR systems. As the Larmor frequency of 13C nuclei is four times lower than that for 1H nuclei, an even larger sensitivity improvement is expected for 13C applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a prototype 13C CryoProbe™ for mouse brain MRS. To investigate the possible gain of the 13C CryoProbe™, we acquired localized single‐voxel 13C spectra and chemical shift images of a dimethyl sulfoxide phantom with the CryoProbe™, as well as with two room temperature resonators. The cryogenically cooled resonator achieved approximately four‐fold higher signal‐to‐noise ratio in phantom tests when compared with the best‐performing room temperature coil. In addition, we present localized 13C spectra of mouse brain obtained with the CryoProbe™, as well as with one of the room temperature coils, demonstrating the performance in vivo. In summary, the cryogenic cooling technique significantly enhances the 13C signal sensitivity at 9.4 T and enables the investigation of metabolism within mouse brain. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the synergic or antagonistic effect of needling acupoints Fengchi (GB 20) and Tianzhu (BL 10), and Jiaji C4-C6 (EX-B2) on vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI).

METHODS
Self-control method was used and 20 cases of VBI were respectively treated with acupuncture at Fengchi (GB 20) and Tianzhu (BL 10), Jiaji (EX-B2). Their combination and the changes of vertebro-basilar artery's (VBA) systolic velocity of blood flow was detected.

RESULTS
The VBA's systolic velocity of blood flow after acupuncture were increased in all the 3 groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), with no significant difference among the 3 groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Acupuncture at Fengchi (GB 20) and Tianzhu (BL 10) or Jiaji (C4-C6 ) or their combination can increase VBA's systolic velocity of blood flow, improving blood supply of vertebro-basilar artery, but they have no synergic or antagonistic effects.


The aim of this study was to correlate the occurrence of ventricular dys rhythmias induced by programmed ventricular stimulation and sudden cardiac death (SCD) after a first episode of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Twenty-seven consecutive male patients aged fifty-four ± six (forty-seven to seventy) years were studied prospectively. Thirty days after AMI, patients were submitted to coronary arteriography and programmed ventricular stimulation with the S2-S3-S4 protocol. Noninvasive assessments, including Holter monitor ing, ECG stress test, and radionuclide ejection fraction, were also repeated six and twelve months after AMI. Ventricular dysrhythmias were induced in all patients. According to such response, patients were divided into three groups: (1) repetitive ventricular re sponse (n = 9); (2) nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (n=8); and (3) sus tained ventricular tachycardia (n=10). All patients consistently developed complex ventricular dysrhythmias at Holter monitoring and ECG stress test. One patient from group 2 suffered SCD and another presented a syncope. Simi larly, in group 3, 2 patients suffered SCD, 1 during a documented episode of recurrent AMI. Except for 1 patient, radionuclide ejection fraction remained unchanged throughout the study in all cases. SCD was also unrelated to the presence and type of dysrhythmias at noninvasive evaluation. Therefore, the type of ventricular dysrhythmia induced by the S2-S3-S4 pro tocol has no correlation with late SCD in patients with a first AMI and pre served ejection fraction.


Bio-triboelectric nanogenerators (bio-TENGs) have received a lot of attention for the applications in self-powered implantable or wearable electronics. Several types of cellulose-based bio-TENGs ex...


Sudden changes of VLF propagation characteristics, caused by the very high altitude Hardtack nuclear detonations in the summer of 1958, occurred on propagation paths thousands of kilometers from the burst point. The anomalies were caused by bomb-induced ionization in the ionosphenic D layer, and their onset was much more sudden than those occasioned by natural phenomena such as solar flares. The model discussed provides an explanation of how ionization is suddenly produced in ionospheric regions shadowed from a high-altitude detonation or its conjugate point. (auth)


ABSTRACT This article discusses two key issues relating to activism amongst British Sikhs. The exploration focuses upon the mobilisation of Sikhs at rallies and protests surrounding human rights issues, as well as their overall objection to caste legislation in British Law. The revelations surrounding the British Government's involvement in Operation Bluestar came as a huge shock not only to British Sikhs but also to Sikhs worldwide. This paper will discuss whether the British Sikh community has taken on a fresh approach when confronted with issues surrounding equality and human rights and will explore how youth led Sikh groups and organisations have responded to contemporary challenges by using Sikhi to encourage activism amongst British Sikhs.


We compute the Weierstrass semigroup at one totally ramified place for Kummer extensions defined by ym = f (x)λ, where f (x) is a separable polynomial over Fq. In addition, we compute the Weierstrass semigroup at two certain totally ramified places. We then apply our results to construct one- and two-point algebraic geometric codes with good parameters.


The representation of IEEE 14 bus system equipped with TCSC and STATCOM using MiPower simulation software is presented in this chapter. The system is analyzed under severe disturbance to study the transient behavior with and without FACTS controller. The enhancement of the transient stability is carried out with help of TCSC and STATCOM. The enhancement of transient stability is achieved by adjusting line reactance with the help of TCSC and by compensating the reactive power with the help of STATCOM. The performance curves of the system with TCSC, STATCOM and their combination are taken for discussion. The damping of rotor angle oscillation introduced by the individual controller is compared with combined controllers and it is observed that the latter one shows possible improvement.


It has been the experience of the Professional Officers Association that the Industrial Relations Commission has not been the major stumbling block to the implementation of the principle of 'equal pay for work of equal value'. Rather, in the association's sphere of operations, the Commonwealth government has been the greatest obstacle to the implementation of equal pay in the predominantly female professions in its own area of employment, in spite of its stated commitment to the commission's 1972 equal pay decision. In recent years the pay equity lobby has tended to underestimate the influence of the federal government with regard to the application of equal pay. To increase the responsiveness of the system to demands for pay equity for women, greater pressure needs to be brought to bear on the government of the day at the national level by a well-organized women's lobby capable of ensuring that the government's policy commitment in this area is genuine, active and continuing.


The World Resources Institute has compiled 12 case studies on public policies from developed and developing countries and the misuse of forest resources into 1 book. All of the studies confirm that 3 key products of population growth and rural poverty in developing countries are responsible for deforestation. These products include shifting cultivation agricultural conversion and fuelwood gathering. Large development projects also foster forest destruction. Government policies contribute to and exacerbate these pressures which result in inefficient use of natural forest resources. Such policies directly and indirectly undermine conservation regional development schemes and other socioeconomic goals. Forestry policies include timber harvest concessions levels and structures of royalties and fees utilization of nonwood forests products and reforestation. Tax incentives credit subsidies and resettlement programs comprise examples of nonforestry policies. Trade barriers established by industrialized countries have somewhat encouraged unsuitable investments and patterns of exploitation in forest industries in developing countries. Negotiations between exporting and importing countries within the confines of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA) should strive to reduce tariff escalation and nontariff barriers to processed wood imports from tropical countries and to justify incentives to forest industries in developing countries. These 12 case studies have come to the same conclusion as the UN Food and Agriculture Organization did in 1987: action to conserve forests is needed without delay.


The [Cu(MIBI)4]BF4 complex was synthesized and different formulations for lyophilized kits that could be cost-effectively used with different routines in nuclear medicine laboratories were investigated. In one preparation the kit components were kept similar to the Cardiolite® , except that the SnCl2.2H2O concentration was increased to 0.150 mg. In a second formulation, component concentrations were reduced to 1/5 of the original value and the SnCl2.2H2O concentration was adjusted to 0.04 mg. These products were labeled with maximum activities of 55.5 GBq and 8.14 GBq, respectively, and have shown an average radiochemical purity of 95 %. Biodistribution of the products was assessed by dissection in mice and in rabbits, and did not show any statistical difference when compared to Cardiolite®. In the synthesis of [Cu(MIBI)4]BF4 a new procedure was introduced for the synthesis of N-(2-methyl-propenyl)-formamide, with the use of microwave radiation as heat source. This modification reduced the reaction time to 25 seconds, while maintaining a yield of 68%.