The provision of ventilation air for high-rise multifamily housing has plagued retrofit practitioners and researchers alike. How does one determine whether sufficient levels of outdoor air are being provided to all apartments in a building? And how does one know whether the systems can be retrofit to improve their energy efficiency without compromising air quality? We have been studying the air flows and ventilation systems in high-rise buildings in Massachusetts and in California, and have seen all the horror stories of poorly functioning systems that are neither efficient nor deliver satisfactory ventilation. Frequent problems include the imbalance of supply and exhaust air, the lack of an unobstructed path for supply air, differences in ventilation rates between upper and lower floors and a change in air flow due to seasonal variations in temperature and wind. Based on our diagnostic tests of air flow and air leakage, which we use with our multi-zone airflow computer simulations, we have characterized some common problems and suggest strategies to improve the performance of these systems.


In vitro shoot multiplication of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) was examined from the nodal explants of 10-day-old aseptic plantlets using Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with different concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 mg L -1 ) of cytokinins (6-Benzylaminopurine-BAP, Kinetin-Kn, Thidiazuron-TDZ, and Zeatin). Nodal explants of cucumber showed shoot induction and multiplication in response to all cytokinins tried. MS medium containing Kn was the most effective for inducing shoots from nodal explants of cucumber. The maximum rate of regeneration (83%), the highest number of obtained shoots (7.93 shoots/explant) and the longest shoots (3.61 cm) were obtained on MS medium fortified with 1 mg L -1 Kn. The lowest culture responses were recorded for media supplemented with either BAP or Zeatin. In conclusion, using Kn is strongly recommended than using Zeatin, TDZ and BAP to obtain the highest percentage of regeneration, the highest number of shoot/explant, and the highest shoot length for nodal explants of cucumber.


In addition to sound technical skills, industry jobs require soft skills such as teamwork and good organizational abilities. This is even more important in today's landscape, where working from the office is substituted with working from home. This trend, together with the shift towards distributed teams that are separated geographically and across time zones is expected to create challenges addressed through improved management and soft skills. Organizations of higher learning include the development of capstone or team projects as part of their curricula in order to prepare students for collaborative work and improve their organizational abilities. In this paper, we present an exploratory study focused on the challenges encountered by students in two consecutive iterations of a Team Projects course. The second iteration took place fully online due to the ongoing pandemic. We discovered the lack of face to face communication and schedule synchronization as some of the important challenges reported. We show that mitigating strategies by both teaching staff and the students themselves helped keep communication open and engagement high. We provide a replication package that allows repeating or extending our study.


Submitted for the MAR14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Effect of Protein Surface Potential on Globular Protein-Polymer Block Copolymer Self-Assembly1 CHRISTOPHER LAM, MINKYU KIM, CARLA THOMAS, DONGSOOK CHANG, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, GABRIEL SANOJA, University of California Berkeley, CHIMDIMMA OKWARA, BRADLEY OLSEN, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT — The effects of protein surface potential on the self-assembly of protein-polymer block copolymers are investigated in globular proteins with a controlled shape through two approaches: (1) the self-assembly of the two structurally homologous proteins mCherry and EGFP conjugated to poly(N-isoprpopylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and (2) bioconjugates containing mutants of mCherryS131C are prepared to specifically alter the electrostatic patchiness of the protein. Despite the large difference in amino acid sequence between mCherry and EGFP, identical phases are observed in concentrated solution at low temperatures and in bulk. At high temperatures above the thermoresponsive transition temperature, differences in micellar stability are observed at low concentrations, and different phases are observed between conjugates at high concentrations. Similarly, conjugates of four mCherryS131C variants with changes to their electrostatic surface patchiness showed minimal change in the concentrated solution phase behavior. Measurements of protein/polymer miscibility, protein second virial coefficients, and zeta potential indicate that coarse-grained interactions are able to largely capture the relevant physics for soluble, monomeric globular protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly. 1Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Christopher Lam Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT Date submitted: 15 Nov 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


Different thinking mode carries different cultural connotation due to the difference of way of living,national conventions,national culture and value orientations,therefore the same word may stimulate different associative meaning in different context of culture,even cultural blank.So there will be some barriers in text translation.


Lissencephaly means smooth brain, i.e., brain without convolutions or gyri, rare and severe cortical malformation. It results from a defect in neuronal migration with four rather than six layers in cortex and the onset of this disorder is presumed to be before 9 weeks of gestation The spectrum ranges from complete absence of gyri (agyria) to broad gyri with reduced sulci (pachygyria), with an abnormally thick cortex. [1] Here, we report a 11 months old male babywith failure to thrive, spasticity, global developmental delay, microcephaly and cortical visual impairment. MRI brain was done which was suggestive of diffuse gyral thickening involving bilateral cerebral hemispheres with broad flat gyri and shallow sulci suggestive of Agyria – Pachygyria complex (Lissencephaly) and mild dilatation of bilateral lateral ventricles and widening of bilateral sylvian fissures.


The purpose of this document is to analyze several important use cases
based on blockchain, including: blockchain based PKI for security
device connection, blockchain as a service, interworking cross
blockchain (exchange data and contracts cross different chains).
Through case analysis, important scenarios and specific requirements
are listed. Related solutions are also provided for easy
understanding.


Indexing methods for efficient processing of multidimensional data are very requested in many fields, like geographical information systems, drawing documentations etc. Well-known R-tree is one of the multidimensional data structures. The R-tree is based on bounding of spatial near points by multidimensional rectangles. This data structure supports various types of queries, e.g. point and range queries. The range query retrieves all tuples of a multidimensional space in the defined query box. Narrow range query is an important type of the range query includ- ing at least one narrow dimension. Despite many variants of R-trees, narrow range query processing is inefficient. In this paper, we depict a modification of Signature R-tree: data structure for the narrow range query processing. This data structure applies signatures for a descrip- tion of tuples stored in a tree's page. We present an improvement of this technique.


A 42 year old female with primary pulmonary hypertension developed hoarseness of voice due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and dysphagia due to compression of the oesophagus by a dilated pulmonary artery. Hoarseness has been reported as one of the rarer symptoms of primary pulmonary hypertension, while dysphagia as a complication of this disease has not been reported, to the best of our knowledge.


Objective The study is to determine the Tanshinone content in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in different shelf life and the change pattern of its abilities of illness-resistance,and is to provide scientific bases for the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.(S.M.B)GAP.Method Soth distilling of Tanshinone in S.M.B-aether,UV method to determine for it(with Tanshinone IIA in S.M.B.as the contrast)I llness-Resistance Test Paper method(Stapqhglococcusarcus anshinone 209P.).Results With the storage of 1095 days,the Tanshinone in S.M.B.becomes 28.31mg/g,and the illness-resistance decreases by 22.92 percent.After storing for 30-2555 days,the change pattern has been found to be:T(mg/g)=49.4545-0.01731d(m=8,r=-0.9884~(***)),L(mm)=10.841-0.002278d(m=8,r=0.9628~(***))Conclusion The quality of S.M.B is negatively correlated with its storage(P0.001~(***)).It is therefore suggested that the storage of S.M.B.should not exceed four years.


inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence for local intestinal production in children with active colonic disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998;26:34–8. 5. Colòn AL, Menchén L, Lizasoain I, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity is expressed not only in inflamed but also in normal colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis: A potential prognostic marker. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95: 1371–3. 6. Singer I, Kawka DW, Scott S, et al. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in colonic epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1996;111:871– 85. 7. De Curtis M, Guandalini S, Fasano A, et al. Diarrhoea in jaundiced neonates treated with phototherapy: Role of intestinal secretion. Arch Dis Child 1989;64:1161–4. 8. Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowsky J, et al. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitrate in biological fluids. Anal Biochem 1982; 126:131–8. 9. Tibble JA, Sigthorsson G, Bridger S, et al. Surrogate markers of intestinal inflammation are predictive of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2000;119:15– 22.


We applied the photoelastic technique to visualize the phenomenon of elastic creepingwaves in glass. When ultrasound is incident upon a circular cylindrical cavity in solid mediumin a dircction normal to the axis of the cavity, a surface wave creeping around the cavitywall will be excited in the geometrical shadow zone and this surface wave will radiatc bulkwaves while it creeps. We made observations both for longitudinal wave incidence and fortransverse wave incidence and measured the pulse velocities of the creeping waves in bothcases. Experimental results show that, in the case of longitudinal wave incidence, the rel-evant phenomena are about the same as those which oceur in fluid medium as has beenwidely investigated. For the case of transverse wave incidence, the situation in solid mediumis, however, much more involved. We observed in addition the behaviour of crceping waves generated when the ultrasonicwave is incident upon a semi-circular cylindrical cavity in glass from a direction perpendic-ular to the curved surface.


Peak flow rates and timing of peak flows from snowmelt are variable in time and space, and large changes in either are indicators of climate variability. This study investigated changes in streamflow timing and magnitude in Colorado using existing streamflow records. This was done by analyzing the mean daily streamflow data from 1967-2007 from 8 sites in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Data were grouped into 10 year periods. For each 10 year period, discharge values were averaged and plotted as a single hydrograph. Hydrographs were compared by analyzing the peak flow timing and magnitude, as well as the general hydrograph shape, and distinctness of the peak flow value. Streamflow data showed changes in both the timing and magnitude of flows. Hydrographs from Keystone Gulch, Lake Fork, Blue River and Eagle River showed that peak flows from the most recent time frame, 1997 - 2007, occur earlier than any time frame examined, ranging from 8 to 18 days earlier. The Blue River and Eagle River sites showed that peak mean daily discharge values from the most recent time frame are also the lowest peak flows on record, 29% lower on the Blue River and 34% lower on the Eagle River compared to the previous peak flows. These sites showed these changes with easily distinguishable hydrograph shapes. Similar trends were found in most of the other sites, but for some sites the hydrographs are less distinct with variations in the rising and recession limbs, and rather flat peaks. Further studies concerning changes in timing and magnitude of streamflows in the Rocky Mountains should include investigation of long term flow data to determine natural variability of timing and magnitude. Better understanding or quantification of long-term natural variability may help explain the cause of the changes found here.


Abstract Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of child mortality in Poland, resulting in more deaths than cancer or birth defects. We present the main problems of road safety and the nature of the causes and consequences of accidents among children based on the World Health Organization Report. Children injuries are one of the main problems in modern medicine requiring vigorous and preventive actions. Children of all ages should be intensively involved in the educational activities related to road safety. Raising awareness concerning the risks associated with children's participation in traffic as well as the awareness of parents and carers can greatly reduce the number of accidents.


The shifting role of management accounting profession has demanded a radical change on the core competence of the profession. The Management Accountant Compartment of Indonesian Institute of Accountants has responded strategically to the change, in order for the profession to adapt to the new environment. It published a very fundamental statement on management accounting, concerning the framework for formulating the competencies of management accounting profession. Using the framework, then, it formulated the new roles and the core competencies of management accounting profession needed to fulfill the roles. This article describes the strategic steps taken by the Indonesian management accounting professional organization in responding to the radical change in its environment.


Although mutual information is a general method usually being used to measure the similarity of two images, the robustness is questionable due to the absence of spatial information. The purpose of this study is to develop a feasible sorting technique for 4D-CT. A novel sorting algorithm named mutual information and edge gradient (MIEG), which includes spatial information by combining mutual information with a term based on the edge gradient of the image, was proposed to sort sequential CT images. The edge of image was extracted by calculating the wavelet transform modulus maxima, and the gradient similarity coefficient of the edge image was calculated and used to multiply by mutual information to form the final similarity metric. This sorting technique was validated by comparing the 4D-CTs reconstructed using MIEG and Real-time Position Management system (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA). Tumor motion trajectories derived from 4D-CTs were analyzed in three orthogonal directions. Their correlation coefficients (CC) and differences in tumor motion magnitude (Ds) were determined. In addition, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to measure how well the tumor volumes segmented from the two 4D datasets overlapped with each other. For all patients, the mean CC values were >0.95 in all directions. The mean Ds were <0.64 mm in all directions. In addition, good overlapping was achieved between the segmented volumes with the mean DSC = 0.97 at end- and median-inspiration phases, respectively. This study proposed a feasible sorting method for 4D-CT, and its usefulness in imaging accurate tumor motion has been demonstrated.


Dukeite, Bi 24Cr8O57(OH)6(H2O)3, space group P31c, a = 15.067(3), c = 15.293(4) Å, V = 3007(1) Å, Z = 2, is a new mineral found on a museum specimen labeled as originating from the São José Mine, Brejaúba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The strongest seven lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 7.650 (50) (002), 3.812 (40) (004), 3.382 (100) (222), 2.681 (70) (224), 2.175 (40) (600), 2.106 (40) (226), 1.701 (50) (228). It occurs as groupings of tightly bound 1 × 0.3 mm sized sheaves that are associated with pucherite, schumacherite, bismutite, and hechtsbergite. Individual acicular crystals do not exceed 100 μm in length by 1–2 μm in width. Crystals are yellow inclining to a dirty yellow-brown, possess a bright yellow streak, are transparent, brittle, resinous, and do not fluoresce under ultraviolet light. The estimated Mohs hardness is between 3 and 4, the calculated density (for the empirical formula) is 7.171 g/cm, and the mineral is slowly soluble in concentrated HCl. Electron-microprobe analyses yielded Bi2O3 85.06, CrO3 11.65, V2O5 0.59, H2O (calc.) [1.67], total [98.97] wt%. The empirical formula, derived from the crystalstructure analysis and electron-microprobe analyses, is Bi 23.95(Cr 7.64V 0.43)Σ8.07O56.84(OH)6.16⋅3.01 H2O, based on O = 66. In reflected plane-polarized light in air it is gray to purplish gray with strong yellow internal reflections. Bireflectance is very weak. Measured reflectance values, in air and in oil, are tabulated: indices of refraction calculated from these at 590 nm are 2.33 and 2.37. The name honors Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, in whose collection the mineral was found and also recognizes the contribution of the Duke family to the advancement of scientific knowledge. The crystal structure of dukeite was solved by direct methods and refined on the basis of F using all unique reflections measured with MoKα X-radiation on a CCD-equipped diffractometer. The final R1 index was 8.7%, calculated using 1033 observed reflections. It contains irregular layers of Biφn polyhedra (φ: O, OH, H2O) parallel to (001), separated and connected by CrO4 tetrahedra to form a framework structure. One CrO4 tetrahedron shares all of its vertices with Biφn polyhedra, whereas the other three CrO4 tetrahedra share only three vertices each with the Biφn polyhedra on either side. * E-mail: email@example.com BURNS ET AL.: DESCRIPTION AND STRUCTURE OF DUKEITE 1823 ington (catalog number 172012). The polished section used for both the electron microprobe and reflectance studies is preserved at The Natural History Museum, Great Britain, as BM 1999, 26. A small vial of pure dukeite, several single-crystal mounts, and a SEM stub have been deposited in the Systematic Reference Series of the National Mineral Collection of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, under catalog number NMCC 68082.


Energy consumption in the transportation sector has increased rapidly with the increase of income per capita in Malaysia. The first step required in reducing fuel consumption and emissions in the transportation sector is to introduce fuel economy labeling to educate consumers to purchase more efficient cars. By introducing an appropriate fuel economy label, the car with the best energy ratings will be easily understood and may be selected by consumers.  Implementation of fuel economy label for cars has high potential for saving energy, protecting the environment as well as economic benefit. This paper deals with the introduction of fuel economy labeling for cars in Malaysia. It attempts to investigate the consumer's perspective on fuel economy labeling of cars in Malaysia. This study found that there are significant positive behavioral changes by car buyers' purchasing pattern if fuel economy labeling is implemented in Malaysia.


The adolescent questions and tests the relationship with desire and passion. For him as for the adult, the quest for the object of love fits in with the continuity of the infantile development, including its earliest vicissitudes. The loving state, feed-back to the imaginary original unity and seat of pre-genital and œdipal stakes, testifies to the importance of the narcissist component of love. In the extreme, this component can lead to a real narcissist perversion, that has to be distinguished from the "affective perversion" inherent in the humanization of the drives. The author illustrates the affective perversion with the platonic love and with the "virtual" love, and the narcissist perversion with the behaviour of the "Zebra" in the novel of Alexandre Jardin. Love can also pass beyond its narcissist feature and catalyse positive psychic transformations in the bosom of a creative affectivity.


In this article, the authors report on their research on which aspects of parental cultural resources affect educational attainment and distinguish between parental beaux arts participation and parental reading behavior. Using representative data for the Netherlands in 1992 (N = 1,653), they found that parental reading behavior, not parental beaux arts participation, affects children's educational attainment. The authors also examine the validity of two alternative theories on the interaction of parents' educational background and their cultural capital (distinguishing between parental reading and beaux arts participation): Bourdieu's cultural reproduction theory and DiMaggio's cultural mobility theory. The data provide support for the cultural mobility hypothesis with respect to parental reading behavior; that is, parental reading is effective in predicting success in school, especially for children whose parents have low levels of education. here is no doubt that in modern Western societies, social origin still determines a person's educational career to a large extent. There is more disagreement, however, on whether the impact of parental social background on school success is declining. Most studies in this field have reported a stable, rather than a decreasing, association between parents' socioeconomic characteristics and offspring's educational success. In a comparative volume on historical developments in the effects of family background on educational attainment, Shavit and Blossfeld (1993) found that stability could be established in 11 out of 1 3 countries. Only for Sweden and the Netherlands, the country we focus on in this article, a historical analysis revealed a steady decline in the impact of father's educational attainment and occupational position on children's educational success for both men and women (R M. De Graaf and Ganzeboom 1993; Erikson and jonsson 1996). BACKGROUND


A user interface for displaying source data and a translated copy of a segment of the source data is provided. The user interface includes a first display portion for displaying at least a subset of the source data on the display. The user interface includes a second display portion for displaying a translated copy of a selected segment of source data on the display.


The 2011 Tsunami event in the eastern coastal area of Japan caused a huge amount of damages or devastations on buildings. To this date, several field surveys have been conducted which provide detailed information about inundation areas and building damage characteristics in attacking east coastal areas by this tsunami. In this study, building damage data of Ishinomaki city, with special attention to the plain coast affected area, are classified and analyzed using data surveyed by the Ministry of Lands, Infrastructure and Transportation of Japan (MLIT) for more than 52,000 structures. The classification includes information on six levels of damage, four types of building materials and damages due to tsunami inundation for each building material which are necessary information for an effective hazard mitigation. Notably, damage level percentage distribution of different building materials is plotted for different inundation depth ranges in several sets of figures. This graphic illustration not only shows a better resistant performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and steel buildings over wood or other buildings for all inundation depth ranges, but also can explain clearly the inundation-induced damage behavior for each building material as well as the threshold depth for each damage level. Moreover, this research contains an analysis of vulnerable areas due to the coastal topography and the geographical factors. Surveyed data provided by Geospatial information authority of Japan (GSI) that classifies Ishinomaki plain coast area into three classes are compared with the damage map produced using an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology in ArcGIS 10.2 environment. The influence of key geographical features on tsunami-induced building damage, notably Kitakami river and water canals flooding, is taken into account with respect to the weighting of factors. A good agreement produced building damage map with surveyed GSI data shows the power of a GIS tool based on the AHP approach for tsunami damage assessment. The results of this study are useful to understand the damage behavior of buildings with different structural materials located in coastal areas vulnerable to the tsunami disaster.


The Space Flyer Unit (SFU) is an unmanned, multi-purpose, retrievable and reusable space platform. The first mission of SFU (SFU-1) will be launched by NASDA's H-2 launch vehicle in early 1995 and retrieved by NASA's Space Shuttle after several months in orbit. Two Japanese ground stations, several ground stations belonging to NASA, and a ground station in Chile will be used for tracking of SFU-1. The control center of SFU-1 is the Sagamihara Operations Center (SOC) of ISAS located in Sagamihara, Japan. This paper describes the tracking and data acquisition network for SFU-1, the configuration and design policy of the SFU operations control system, and data processing schemes used for mission operations of SFU.


This paper presents the compression properties of a synthetic lightweight aggregate (SLAs) made of fly ash and mixed plastics. SLAs are manufactured through a thermalmechanical process that, under heat and pressure, mixes and extrudes the plastic and fly ash into a solid die that is granulated to create various size particles resembling natural sand and gravel. In this paper compression properties are presented for SLAs made with a mixture of plastics and high carbon coal fly ash, two waste streams with little to no value. Aggregate fly ash-to-plastic ratio, by weight, was 80:20 with fly ash carbon content ranging from 15% to 30%. A series of one-dimensional compression tests, at moderate and elevated stresses, were performed on SLAs with their behavior compared with traditional aggregates of normal-weight sand and expanded clay/shale lightweight aggregate. All tests were conducted on specimens with similar initial grain size distributions. Results show that SLAs have relatively substantial elastic deformation compared to the traditional aggregates but also exhibit substantial rebound upon unloading. However, at elevated stresses, the rate of secondary compression for both the SLAs and sand approach similar values, with the SLAs actually exhibiting a slowing rate (i.e., stiffening) of secondary compression. Overall, the compression results show that SLAs will have advantages (e.g., lightweight, stiffening with age) and disadvantages (e.g., large elastic deformation) over the use of traditional granular materials.


Smartphones are becoming increasingly energy-hungry to support feature-rich applications, posing a lot of pressure on battery lifetime and making energy consumption a non-negligible issue. In particular, dynamic random access memory (DRAM)-based main memory subsystem is a major contributor to the energy consumption of mobile devices. In this paper, we propose direct read (DR). Swap, an energy-efficient in-memory paging design to reduce energy consumption in smartphones. In DR. Swap, we adopt emerging energy-efficient nonvolatile memory (NVM) and use it as the swap area. Utilizing NVMs byte-addressability, we propose DR which guarantees zero memory copy for read-only requests when accessing a page in swap area. To better understand the energy consumption of swapping, we build an energy model to analyze the energy consumption of different paging architectures. We evaluate DR. Swap based on the Google Nexus 5 smartphone, experimental results show that our technique can reduce more than 50% energy consumption compared to DRAM backed swapping.


This paper describes an unified messaging system which joins voice mail, fax and e-mail access. Its architecture consists in a group of independent
servers, each offering an interface between the unified mailbox and an specific terminal equipment: telephone, browser and WAP. Web and WAP access offer visual information, while Text-to-Speech technology is used for e-mail reading through telephone


This study discusses the application of a Sundanese cosmology called tritangtu in the arrangement of the city of Cianjur. Tritangtu is a concept of the existence of a universal triple pattern in all aspects of human life, where the focus of this discussion is tritangtu in the world or "three patterns in the world". Research on the continuation of urban planning from the Hindu-Buddhist period to the Islamic-Colonial period has basically never been done, so that is the novelty aspect of this research. The research steps used in answering the formulation of the research problem include data collection, analysis, interpretation. Based on the research conducted in this study, the city of Cianjur has applied two cosmological concepts at two levels, namely micro and macro. At the micro level, which includes the city center, it is arranged according to the cosmological rules of Islamic cities in Java. The spatial arrangement seen in the city of Cianjur at the macro level is known to follow the rules of the tritangtu concept.


In this article examines the interrelation between the processes of industrialization and urbanization in terms of their impact on the quality of life in cities. The modern city is largely the result of the accelerated development of industry in the XIX - early XX centuries, however, the transition to the postindustrial phase of the development of society, which begins in the second half of the XX century, leads to deindustrialization of urban development. One of the trends of modern urban planning is the reconstruction of industrial zones which is carried out in the form of their adaptive reuse, which avoids many of the costs associated with their radical restructuring, although such a path is not always possible. According to opinions of the authors, the appeal to the idea of adaptive reuse becomes one of the means of revitalizing the urban landscape and, as a result, urban life.


The entry opportunity and target industry selection are the core problems for corporation diversifi-cation. This paper reclassifies diversification strategy through ability and market, discusses the relation be-tween the corporate strategies and business life cycle, and then describes the process of the systematic iden-tification and assessment of diversification opportunities and industry. Through the study, we know that the core competence and market are the most importance factors for corporation diversification, and we can use four different search methods for identification of diversification industry with competence and market-driven search strategies.


LIBRARY RIGHTS STATEMENT In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Maine, I agree that the library shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for " fair use " copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Librarian. It is understood that any copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Wireless sensor networks provide a new tool that enables researchers and scientists to efficiently monitor dynamic fields. In order to extend the lifetime of the network, it is important for us to minimize network data transmission as much as possible. Previous work proposed many useful aggregation techniques to answer max, min and average questions, and some of them have been employed in real applications. But we cannot get spatial information from these aggregation techniques. This thesis presents an efficient aggregation technique for continuous generation of contour maps for a dynamic field monitored by a wireless sensor network. A contour map is a useful data representation schema that provides an efficient way to visualize an approximation to the monitored field. In this thesis, we discuss an energy-efficient technique, which we call Isovector Aggregation, for generating such contours using an in-network approach. Our technique achieves energy efficiency in two principal ways. Firstly, only a selection of nodes close to contours are chosen to report, and each reported message contains information about a part or all of the contours, rather than any single node's ID and value pair. Secondly, contours are progressively merged and simplified along the data routing tree, which eliminates many unnecessary contour points from contour vectors before they are transmitted back to the base station. Using Isovector Aggregation, the base station receives a complete representation of the contours that requires no further processing. Analysis shows that for region-related monitoring, Isovector Aggregation is the only technique that has) (n O traffic generation and that considers in-network traffic reduction at the same time. These two factors make Isovector Aggregation highly scalable. Experimental results using simulations also show that Isovector Aggregation involves considerably less data transmission compared to other approaches, such as the no-aggregation approach and the Isolines Aggregation technique, without compromising the accuracy of representations of the baseline maps. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Michael F. Worboys for …


The Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics (BTRE) has recently completed an exercise in adjusting past SMVU freight data to make it consistent with the current survey methodology. From a consistency point of view, there are three major problem areas that need to be adjusted within what is called a "disaggregation correction" framework. These problem areas are: 1. adjusting vehicle stock numbers; 2. adjusting for overstating of vehicle kilometres travelled in the recall surveys before 1998, and 3. correcting the proportion of laden vehicles (especially in 1998 and 1999). This paper builds on the adjusted SMVU data at a national level by reviewing measurement methods for deriving time-series estimates of road freight over the period 1971 to 2003 for each State and Territory in Australia. Series are developed for freight tonne-kms for: 1. State of Operation total; 2. Interstate by State of Operation; 3. Capital City; 4. Rest of State. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E213716.


We explore the creation of a metacomputer by the aggregation of independent sites. Joining a metacomputer is voluntary, and hence it has to be an endeavor that mutually benefits all parties involved. We identify proportional-share allocation as a key component of such a mutual benefit. Proportional-share allocation is the basis for enforcing the agreement reached among the sites on how to use the metacomputer's resources. We introduce a resource manager that provides proportional-share allocation over a cluster of workstations, assuming applications to be master-slave. This manager is novel because it performs non-preemptive proportional scheduling of multiple processors. A prototype has been implemented and we report on preliminary results. Finally, we discuss how tickets (first-class entities that encapsulate allocation endowments) can be used in practice to enforce the meta-computer agreement, and also how they can ease the site selection to be performed by the application.


SUMMARY Field experiments were conducted during the 1999 and 2000 wet seasons at the National Cereal Research Institute, Amakama sub-station, Umuahia, Nigeria to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous and acetone extracts of some indigenous medicinal plants for the control of upland rice stem borers. The treatments consisted of 2.5, 5 and 10% each of aqueous and acetone extracts of seed kernels of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), nutmeg (Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal, physicnut (Jatropha curcas. L.), castor-oil (Ricinus communis L.), synthetic insecticide: monocrotophos and the untreated check. The monocrotophos was applied at 400g a.i./ha. The treatments were applied at the tillering stage and at the panicle initiation stage. The results showed that the monocrotophos and a number of the plant seed kernel extract treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced the % deadhearts and % whiteheads caused by stem borers. The yield of the rice culture in the two years trials were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in monocrotophos treated plants and in a number of the plants extracts treated plants than the control. Comparatively, neem seed and physic-nut seed kernel extracts were superior to the other plant extracts in controlling stem borers and influencing yields of the crop. The results suggest, that aqueous and acetone extracts of neem seed kernel and physic nut seed kernel can be used by upland rice farmers to control stem borers and obtain higher crop yields.


We study the effects of substructure on the rate of dark-matter annihilation in the Galactic halo. We use an analytic model for substructure that can extend numerical simulation results to scales too small to be resolved by the simulations. We first calibrate the analytic model to numerical simulations, and then determine the annihilation boost factor, for standard weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) models as well as those with Sommerfeld (or other) enhancements, as a function of galactocentric radius in the Milky Way. We provide an estimate of the dependence of the gamma-ray intensity of WIMP annihilation as a function of angular distance from the Galactic center. This methodology, coupled with future numerical simulation results can be a powerful tool that can be used to constrain WIMP properties using Fermi all-sky data.


Abstract— The growth of ultraviolet‐irradiated ascites tumour cells in adult animals which have received a total‐body dose of x‐radiation appears to be a suitable method to obtain data on the survival of the treated tumour cells, if the dose of total‐body radiation and its time before tumour cell inoculation are chosen correctly.


PURPOSE: To obtain a spherical catalyst for the polymerization of an α-olefin which can give a spherical ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyolefin having a high bulk density by impregnating a specified catalyst support made of γ-alumina with a titanium-containing catalyst. CONSTITUTION: An aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate is reacted with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydrogencarbonate at a pH of 7.5-7.7 to form an ammonium dawsonite retaining 10-20 wt.% residual sulfate ions. Next, an aqueous slurry of this dawsonite is centrifuged to obtain a filter cake of a concentration of 8-10 wt.%. Next, this dawsonite is spray-dried to form a spherical ammonium dawsonite, and this is calcined at a temp. of 600-700°C for 4-6 hr to form a spherical γ-alumina. Next, this spherical γ-alumina is impregnated with an aliphatic hydrocarbon solution of a titanium halide to form a catalyst having a titanium content of 0.5-1 wt.%. Next, this is heat-treated at a temp. of 140-160°C, cooled and washed to produce a spherical catalyst for the polymerization of an α-olefin. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Objective To transfect a recombinant pcDNA3.1-DCN into HepG2 cells and detect the expressions of decorin(DCN) and p21WAF1/CIP1 so as to investigate the mechanism of tumor suppression of DCN.Methods HepG2 cells were divided into pcDNA3.1-dec-HepG2 group(transfected group) and pcDNA3.1-HepG2 group(control group).After the recombinant pcDNA3.1-DCN and pcDNA3.1 were transfected into HepG2 hepatoma cells by liposome,the stably transfected cell lines were established using G418 screening.RT-PCR method was used to detect the expressions of DCN and p21WAF1/ CIP1 mRNA;Western blotting method was used to detect the expressions of DCN and p21WAF1/CIP1 protein;immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of DCN protein.Results Compared with control group,the expressions of DCN and p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA were significantly increased in transfected group by RT-PCR(P0.05),the expressions of DCN and p21WAF1/CIP1 protein increased obviously in transfected group by Western blotting(P0.05),the expression of DCN protein increased in transfected group by immunohistochemistry (P0.05).Conclusion The stably transfected HepG2 cell lines with DCN is successfully established and it is proved that DCN can increase the mRNA and protein expressions of p21WAF1/CIP1.


The safety of the magnetic levitation (maglev) train is closely related to the control performance of the suspension module. However, during operation, the working conditions vary and are vulnerable to the external disturbances. In this work, a large-scale variation of the inductance of the magnetic levitation operation under different air gap conditions is considered, where the transfer function of the system changes nonlinearly. On the basis of the classical feedback linearization method, the algorithm of the first-order derivative for a single equilibrium point is improved, and then a multiequilibrium point feedback linearization method subject to the variation of the inductance is derived. The proposed linearization method can decouple the inductance from the air gap dynamics in any state of levitation, thus, reducing the model error. Using a general linear controller, the closed-loop control performance of the nonlinear hybrid excitation suspension system is run in MATLAB®. The simulation results show that the proposed method achieves good dynamic performance under various operating conditions and it improves the robust performance of the system.


Aiming at shortcomings of single new energy power generation, such as unstable power supply, discontinuity and changing with climate conditions, a quasi-single-stage isolated Buck-Boost mode multi-input inverter and master-slave power management SPWM control strategy with smooth and seamless switching in different power supply modes are proposed. The circuit topology, characteristic of steady principle and power management strategy are fully investigated. The circuit topology is composed of a bidirectional isolated Buck-Boost DC converter with a multi-input selector switch in series, and a polarity inversion bridge. The master-slave power management strategy is consisted of n-1 input voltage control loops, n power distribution circuits and instantaneous output voltage control loop with independent power control, it can realize smooth and seamless switching in different power supply modes. Designed and implemented 500VA 80-110VDC/220V50HzAC prototype has excellent performances such as high conversion efficiency, high quality of output waveforms, strong load adaptability, smooth and seamless switching in different power supply modes, etc.


The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) modulates xeno‐ and endobiotic hepatotoxicity by regulating detoxification pathways. Whether activation of CAR may also protect against liver injury by directly blocking apoptosis is unknown. To address this question, CAR wild‐type (CAR+/+) and CAR knockout (CAR−/−) mice were treated with the CAR agonist 1,4‐bis[2‐(3,5‐dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) and then with the Fas agonist Jo2 or with concanavalin A (ConA). Following the administration of Jo2, hepatocyte apoptosis, liver injury, and animal fatalities were abated in TCPOBOP‐treated CAR+/+ but not in CAR−/− mice. Likewise, acute and chronic ConA‐mediated liver injury and fibrosis were also reduced in wild‐type versus CAR−/− TCPOBOP‐treated mice. The proapoptotic proteins Bak (Bcl‐2 antagonistic killer) and Bax (Bcl‐2‐associated X protein) were depleted in livers from TCPOBOP‐treated CAR+/+ mice. In contrast, mRNA expression of the antiapoptotic effector myeloid cell leukemia factor‐1 (Mcl‐1) was increased fourfold. Mcl‐1 promoter activity was increased by transfection with CAR and administration of TCPOBOP in hepatoma cells, consistent with a direct CAR effect on Mcl‐1 transcription. Indeed, site‐directed mutagenesis of a putative CAR consensus binding sequence on the Mcl‐1 promoter decreased Mcl‐1 promoter activity. Mcl‐1 transgenic animals demonstrated little to no acute liver injury after administration of Jo2, signifying Mcl‐1 cytoprotection. In conclusion, these observations support a prominent role for CAR cytoprotection against Fas‐mediated hepatocyte injury via a mechanism involving upregulation of Mcl‐1 and, likely, downregulation of Bax and Bak. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:252–262.)


The objective of this study was to employ a tailor-made, surface-active agent (phosphonobile acid) in the design of dissolution media that more closely reflect various luminal fluid physicochemical parameters such as buffer capacity, osmolarity, surface tension, and pH. The proposed media are simple to prepare and use, and thus can be explored for routine application. Three BCS II drugs, glimepiride, dipyridamole, and ibuprofen, were selected for the study. In vitro dissolution profiles obtained with the proposed media were compared with profiles obtained in FaSSIF and FeSSIF media using the f2 similarity factor. Dissolution in the proposed media correlate well with the dissolution obtained in FaSSIF and FeSSIF media.


Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disorder of the upper airway characterized by chronic inflammation and significant sinonasal remodeling. CRS is comprised of 2 major subgroups, based on whether polyps are present or absent. In some cases, it is characterized by colonization with opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Staphylococcus aureus, and other bacteria. The innate immune system of the sinonasal epithelium is the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Surfactant protein A (SP‐A) is a member of the collectin family secreted by the airway epithelia and plays a critical role in airway innate immunity, as it can aggregate bacteria. We hypothesized that SP‐A plays a role in bacterial CRS.


This study was designed to compare the effects of equivalent therapeutic doses of two H2 antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, on tolbutamide pharmacokinetics. Twelve healthy men were given a 1‐g oral dose of tolbutamide on three occasions. Subjects were randomly assigned to three treatments in a crossover fashion: cimetidine 1,200 mg/d, ranitidine 300 mg/d, and placebo. Cimetidine significantly increased the tolbutamide area under the plasma concentration‐time curve by 20% (range, −5% to 42%), increased the elimination half‐life by 17%, and decreased the carboxytolbutamide:tolbutamide plasma ratio from 0.042 to 0.036. Ranitidine did not significantly alter tolbutamide pharmacokinetics.


DVB-S2 is the recently defined successor to the current DVB-S standard (EN 300 421 v1.1.2, ETSI Standard, 1997-08) and DVB-DSNG standard (EN 301210); it enables new services via significantly higher data rates and allows for a long-term migration. For unicasting applications, the DVB-S2 system includes adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) techniques (Markarian, G. et al., 1999), in order to differentiate the error protection according to the propagation condition experienced by each specific customer. In hierarchical modulation (H-Mod), two separate data streams are modulated onto a single DVB-S2 stream. Hence the new DVB-S2 receivers may receive both data streams, whereas DVB-S receivers remain backward compatible. The novel approach we employ extends 'traditional' H-Mod systems (Honary, B. and Arani, F.S., 1992) which apply a shift in phase (theta) upon existing modulation schemes to incorporate alternative constellations for the low priority data stream. The new approach provides a foundation for new concepts and techniques in receiver design. These techniques have been simulated in software over time varying channels, and implemented using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The results from this research are individually presented and discussed.


In general, the damping matrix of a dynamic system or structure is such that it can not be simultaneously diagonalized with the mass and stiffness matrices by any linear transformation. For this reason the eigenvalues and eigenvectors and consequently their derivatives become complex. Expressions for the first‐ and second‐order derivatives of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these linear, non‐conservative systems are given. Traditional restrictions of symmetry and positive definiteness have not been imposed on the mass, damping and stiffness matrices. The results are derived in terms of the eigenvalues and left and right eigenvectors of the second‐order system so that the undesirable use of the first‐order representation of the equations of motion can be avoided. The usefulness of the derived expressions is demonstrated by considering a non‐proportionally damped two degree‐of‐freedom symmetric system, and a damped rigid rotor on flexible supports. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this single case study 10 HBCU institutional agents shared strategies and practices that they used to promote academic success for their African American undergraduate male students. Using social capital theory as a theoretical framework, interviews and observations were used to elicit data about the agents' experiences and to answer how they were being successful at helping African American men matriculate at their university. Four major themes grew from the narratives shared by the participants: challenges, support, engagement, and investment. Following discussions of the findings, recommendations for school counselors, college counselors, and college administrators will be presented along with the limitations and recommendations for future research.


Background: Many patients received transfusion in emergency department because of blood loss. There are few studies on massive transfusion for non-traumatic patients. This study investigated mortality and risk factor for non-traumatic bleeding patients who received transfusion. Methods: Non-trauma patients who received transfusion at the emergency department for 3 years from March 2009 to February 2011 were enrolled. The patients who are younger than 15 years, trauma patients, and transfused FFP or platelet alone are excluded. Medical records was investigated retrospectively. We investigated predictive factors for MT on non-trauma patients and predictive factors for mortality on MT patients. Results: Among 1655 non-trauma patients, 150 patients (9.24%) received MT. The age of MT group was younger than that of non-MT group and systolic bloor pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were significantly lower. Base excess, pH, lactate levels were significantly different between MT and non-MT group. Intensive care unit length of stay was longer, mortality of 24 hours was higher and survival discharge was lower than non-MT group. Mortality rate of MT group was 20.7% which was significantly higher than non-MT group's 9.3%. FFP:RBC ratio was higher in MT group than non-MT group. Among the MT group, non-survival group used higher FFP:RBC ratio product than survival group. On multivariate analysis, sBP, MAP, lactate, pH, BE were significant as predictors of MT. Conclusion: For non-trauma patients in emergency department, if sBP, MAP, lactate, pH, BE are abnormal, massive transfusion could be expected. Like trauma patients, basic scoring system that can predict MT would be necessary and useful. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2013;24:275-285)


Statement of the problem. K. Gorsky's creativity has not been studied enough. Relatively recently, articles by R. Aladova (2005), G. Serochinsky (2010), V. Luniakyna (2009), T. Bakhmet (2009) and other authors have been published due to the growing public interest in his creative figure. However, the vocal works by K. Gorsky have not yet been studied in their multi-level connections with national, historical and genre stylistics, as well as the predominant genre of solo singing, on the basis of which the composer formed the intonation specifics of his own chamber vocal style. Therefore, there is a need for further study of the vocal style of K. Gorsky, in particular, the inclusion of his works in a wide repertoire of concert and chamber singing. The purpose of the study is to identify the stylistic features of the key genre of K. Gorsky's vocal works – the romance, which is most clearly represented in the cycle "12 Romances" based on the texts of the Polish poets – M. Konopnicka, W. Syrokomla, Z. Dembitsky (Dębicki). For the first time, an integrated approach is applied to the songs by K. Gorsky, as to original examples of this genre interpretation in the post-romantic era, with an emphasis on their style features – national and "personal". The work on the research topic required the use of general scientific and special musicological methods, including historical-genetic, deductive approaches, genre-stylistic and performance analysis. Results and conclusions. The legacy of K. Gorsky (1859–1924), a virtuoso violinist, one of the founders of the musical culture of Kharkiv, includes vocal genres. In the mature period of his activity (1900s), the composer focused specifically on vocal genres, namely romances (he created about 100 pieces), arrangements of Ukrainian folk songs, cantatas on spiritual themes, choral concerts and operas. The main features of his romantic outlook, combined with the Polish musical mentality, are concentrated in "12 Songs" with Polish lyrics. Semantically, K. Gorsky's romances gravitate toward lyrical contemplation, conveying its various states, from "objective" epics and sound imagery to emotional outbursts, which brings them closer to opera arioso. Within the framework of the cycle, there is an allocation and alternation of songs-romances of four semantic modes: folkpoetic, reflexive-lyrical, graceful-salon, free-declamatory reminiscent of "poetry with music". Each of these groups is based on certain traditions and requires appropriate means of performance interpretation.


Information systems produce different types of event logs; in many situations, it may be desirable to look for trends inside these logs. We show how trends of various kinds can be computed over such logs in real time, using a generic framework called the trend distance workflow. Many common computations on event streams turn out to be special cases of this workflow, depending on how a handful of workflow parameters are defined. This process has been implemented and tested in a real-world event stream processing tool, called BeepBeep. Experimental results show that deviations from a reference trend can be detected in realtime for streams producing up to thousands of events per second.


An increase in carloads and ridership is leading freight and passenger railroads in the U.S. to rehabilitate or replace their aging bridges. This article discusses plans by Amtrak and other Class I railroads in their efforts to enable trains to better travel on structures without encountering delays. Amtrak's focus is on the Northeast Corridor where it plans over the next several years to replace at least three of its movable structures. The bridges, which swing open to accommodate marine traffic, that Amtrak will replace include the Thames River bridge and the Niantic River bridge, both located in Connecticut. Bridge replacement is a costly endeavor, and thus some railroads, such as Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF), are focusing their efforts on repairing or upgrading existing structures. The article details work being done on BNSF's mile-long bridge over the Mississippi River in Memphis, Tennessee, which will extend the bridge's life by another 50 years. The article emphasizes that cost-effective bridge repairs rely on close monitoring of the structures on a regular basis, and that a strategic plan for bridge repair and rehabilitation work can help prioritize projects.


The adsorption of the cationic dye Crystal Violet (CV) over zeolites from coal fly ash (ZFA) and bottom ash (ZBA) was evaluated. The coal fly ash (CFA) and the coal bottom ash (CBA) used in the synthesis of the zeolites by alkaline hydrothermal treatment were collected in Jorge Lacerda coal-fired power plant located at Capivari de Baixo County, in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The zeolitic materials were characterized predominantly as hydroxy-sodalite and NaX. The dye adsorption equilibrium was reached after 10 min for ZFA and ZBA. The kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second order kinetics and that surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion were involved in the adsorption mechanism for both the adsorbents. The equilibrium data of ZFA was found to best fit to the Langmuir model, while ZBA was best explained by the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacities were 19.6 mg g -1 for the CV/ZFA and 17.6 mg g -1 for the CV/ZBA.


Indium of grade IN-000, holmium of grade GOM-1, and tellurium of grade A-2 were used for preparation of the alloys. The ternary alloys were synthesized from binary compounds. The binary compounds were synthesized by fusion of stoichiometric amounts of the starting elements. The degree of completion of the reaction was verified by x-ray phase analysis (XPA). The temperature and the annealing time of the alloys were chosen on the basis of preliminary data from differential thermal analysis (DTA). The investigation was carried out by DTA, XPA, and microstructural analysis (MSA) and by microhardness measurements. On the basis of the DTA, XPA, and MSA data for the alloys, the phase diagram of the HoIn-InTe system was plotted for the first time.


A simple receiver and transmitter structure for smart antennas and phased array antennas is proposed. A new technique for amplitude and phase weighting in microwave domain is presented. Signals of different antenna elements are sampled using pulses with adjusted time delay and duty cycles. The first replica of the sampled signal is reconstructed to provide the proper phase shift and amplitude weighting. A new switch circuit is designed to improve the power efficiency of the proposed structure and to lower the effects of switching on the impedance matching. The effect of nonideal switching on the performance of the system is analyzed. Procedures are proposed to integrate the proposed structure with adaptive signal processing tasks. Signal to noise ratio of the structure is studied under different scenarios.


A study was made of the changes in the muscle proteins that occur when cod are kept in ice, using both protein extractability in salt solution and 'cell fragility' values as criteria. The results by the two methods did not agree, and the reason for this is discussed with the aid of photomicrographs of homogenates of cod muscle. It appears that changes in extractability are the consequence of a binding together of structural protein molecules and perhaps myofilaments, while a binding together of myofibrils is the agent causing changes in cell fragility readings. Cold storage changes the fragility of the cells (breakdown to fibril level), while bacterial action during stowage in ice changes the fragility of the myofibrils.


Seventy-six patients with cervical cancers underwent preoperative abdominopelvic computed tomography before a pelvic lymphadenectomy to evaluate the efficacy of computed tomography in assessing pelvic lymph node metastases. The sensitivity and the specificity of computed tomography for detecting pelvic lymph node metastases were judged to be 70.6 and 89.8%, respectively. In 54 patients in stage Ib or IIa of the disease, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7 and 91.5%, respectively. Although inaccuracies could be caused by normal-sized metastasized lymph nodes and by enlarged lymph nodes with reactive hyperplasia, computed tomography was found to be a useful method of detecting a pelvic lymph node metastasis.


The development of the calcium‐binding protein calretinin (CaR) and its co‐localization with GABA was studied in the striate cortex of Macaca monkeys from fetal day (Fd) 45 to adult. At Fd45, early neurons resembling Cajal‐Retizus cells are stained in the marginal zone (MZ). At Fd55 the MZ is filled with CaR+ Cajal‐Retzius cells and their processes, and scattered CaR+ cells are also found in deep cortical plate (CP), intermediate zone (IZ), and subventricular zone (SVZ). At Fd66, a band of CaR+ fibers appears in the IZ, corresponding to the location of the geniculocortical axons. This fiber band labels heavily until Fd130 but then ceases to be immunoreactive by postnatal (P) 16 weeks. At Fd85–101, the number of CaR+ cells in the CP, SVZ, and ventricular zone (VZ) reaches its highest cell density. After Fd130, CaR+ cells are concentrated in layer II and upper layer III, and this distribution changes little into adulthood. After mid‐gestation, there is a progressive loss of CaR+ cell bodies and processes in the MZ, and these are rare in the adult cortex. Just before birth, a weakly stained CaR+ cell band appears in layer NA at the border between layer NA and IVB, but this band disappears immediately after birth. Another CaR+ cell band appears transiently in upper layer V just below the border with layers IV at P6 months. These results suggest that CaR is expressed early in fetal development in the cell populations that are immunoreactive for CaR in the adult. However, developmental events related to cortical maturation during late prenatal and early postnatal stages result in transient expression of CaR in neurons that are not immunoreactive for CaR in the adult.


As it's effortless to enumerate the physical values of the company's products, as well asthe services, evenso the perceptions of the customeraresomething that really resolves a company's brand appraisement in amarketplace.Patient satisfaction finds to be crucial for any hospital it not only brings good image to thehospital,but also gives a strong satisfaction and trust for the patient towards the hospitals,this research wascarried out mainly to assess the perceptions of healthcare satisfaction among the patients.100 patients weretaken as sample size in this study and the study was carried out. The data were obtainedfrom the patients bycollecting their reviews based on the questionnaire.Results suggested that a majority of the patients requiredcustomer services as their first preference and also there were only 6 patients who gave the scale of 10 forsatisfaction. so the study concludes that there should be measures taken by the hospital inorder to increasethe patient satisfaction towards the hospital services


Purpose of study Due to treatment advances, 83% of childhood cancer patients survive into adulthood. As such, trainees should expect to treat this unique population regardless of intended career path. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of graduate medical education dedicated to caring for childhood cancer survivors. Our purpose was to implement and evaluate a formal cancer survivorship curriculum aimed at paediatric residents of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) that addressed important topics related to the care of childhood cancer survivors. Methods used Based on an initial needs assessment sent to program residents, a small group, case-based curriculum was created. It was integrated into the existing UCLA outpatient curriculum to focus learning objectives on educating the primary care clinician. The retrospective pre-posttest method was utilised to evaluate the curriculum due to its accurate measurement of participants' learning and efficacy as a program measurement tool. Residents were asked to indicate their level of agreement with statements concerning their knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards childhood cancer survivorship topics before and after their curricular session. Responses were examined using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Summary of results 37 of 44 participants completed the curriculum evaluation for a response rate of 84.1%. Each response item assessing residents' knowledge, skills, and attitudes concerning childhood cancer survivorship care showed a statistically significant increase from preto post-curriculum (p<0.05). Residents believed the curriculum enhanced their paediatric knowledge base (m=3.27; s=0.65) and would recommend it to residents at other programs (m=3.30; s=0.70). Conclusions This study offers an effective curricular model for educating paediatric residents in the care of childhood cancer survivors. Residents were interested in receiving additional training to effectively care for this special population. Future directions include adaptation of this curriculum to educate additional providers, such as students, nurses, and faculty.


The study investigated the phytochemical constituents of pretreated seed oil of Balanites aegyptiaca oil and cake to understand its bioactivity, bio-pesticide, feeds and therapeutic potentials. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenol, flavonoids, tannins, saponin, and alkaloids in pretreated seed oil and cake which was extracted using mechanized centrifugal expelling rotor at 100rpm speed. The common bioactive constituents; alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, tannins and phenols were present in all the samples. The raw balanites seed powder had alkaloid (29.0)%, saponin (30.0)%, flavonoid (2.03)%, Tannin (0.069)% and phenol (108.05)%. The roasted seed oil sample contained (0.56)% alkaloid, (1.04)% saponin, (6.40)% flavonoids, (0.58)% tannins and (8.60)% phenols. Boiled seed oil sample had alkaloid (0.40)%, saponin (1.16)%, flavonoid (7.20)%, Tannin (0.42)% and phenol (8.80)%. The five minutes heated oil sample had alkaloid (0.42)%, saponin (0.42)%, flavonoid (7.60)%, Tannin (0.52)% and phenol (6.40)%, while the soaked seed oil had (0.56)% alkaloid, (1.08)% saponin, (7.20)% flavonoid, (0.76)% Tannin and (6.00)% phenols. The cake sample had (4.20)% alkaloid, (6.8)% saponin, (13.40)% flavonoid, (8.80)% tannin, and (10.40)% phenolic contents for boiled pretreatment while the soaked cake pretreated sample had (5.60)% alkaloid, (8.20)% saponnin, (12.40)% flavonoid, (9.60)% tannin and (1.60)% phenols. The roasting, boiling, five minutes oil heating and soaking Pretreatments of Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil and cake reduced the presences of alkaloids, saponins, and phenols but increased the presence of flavonoids and tannins. The use of these oils at unrefined level outside its anti-microbial potentials could still posse risk on nutrient absorption and utilization. However, the results suggest that the seed oils and cakes of Balanites aegyptiaca with these bio actives could be suitable for bio pesticide, therapeutic agents and feed as well as industrial oil applications.


The article covers some interpretations of the conception "tax policy". The authors consider attitudes of the national analysts to the topic and substantiate their own views on the key issues.


Climate change scenarios suggest that northern peatlands could become drier. To address the type and magnitude of vegetation change associated with persistent drying, we studied changes in biomass and leaf area index following drainage 85 years previously of a bog, using destructive sampling, allometric relationships, and optical measurements. Our results show a 10-fold increase in aboveground biomass between the reference site and the most severely drained site, resulting from the growth of a tree layer. The total leaf biomass increased slightly as a result of drainage, thus an increase in woody biomass was the main cause of the increase in aboveground biomass. Leaf area index approximately tripled in sites where trees grew. Sphagnum L. moss biomass decreased from 120 g·m−2 at the reference site (20% of all aboveground biomass) to 8 g·m−2 under the tree canopy (<1% of all aboveground biomass). The percentage of deciduous shrubs increased from 3% of the total shrub biomass in the reference site to 72% in the most severely drained site. Our results show that lowering the water table of a bog can have a profound effect on vegetation but the net effect of these changes on the role of the peatland as a carbon sink remains difficult to assess.


This paper studies the possibility/perspectives of introducing lithium ion battery storage in the Uruguayan electrical system, as a mean of increasing its flexibility. This storage resource was chosen among others as it is the most promising technology considering their recent remarkable advances. In order to understand the impact on the electric system, firstly a long-term simulation was done so as to determine when this system would become profitable. Then three annual simulations were executed comparing the system operation (i.e. costs, the energy not supplied, CO2 emissions and generation mix), for two cases with batteries (with different participation models), and for the case without them. Finally, the regulatory aspects related to storage penetration that are under debate nowadays in the PJM 1 and UK markets were studied in order to learn some lessons for the development of an adequate regulatory framework in Uruguay. It was found that a lithium ion battery of 80 MWh/20 MW becomes viable by 2039 and its annual operation can reduce the energy the system fails to deliver, the annual thermal generation, CO2 emissions and the system's marginal cost. Moreover, some barriers and business opportunities were found. If barriers are removed and new opportunities are developed batteries could become viable before.


The fate of various fermentation products was investigated in a low sulfate hot spring microbial mat (Octopus Spring) that has methanogenesis as the terminal step in anaerobic catabolism, and in a high sulfate hot spring microbial mat (Painted Pool), which has sulfate reduction as the terminal anaerobic catabolic step. These mats were tested under light and dark aerobic and anaerobic conditions and also under preincubated conditions, which should favor acetogenic bacteria, important in catabolism of fermentation products in other systems. Filamentous bacteria, resembling Chloroflexus aurantiacus, incorporated the fermentation products in the light. For most compounds catabolism to CO2 was not significant in the dark, especially under anaerobic conditions. Glycollate, a product of cyanobacterial photorespiration, was tested and showed results similar to the fermentation products. Autoradiography did not reveal which cells incorporated glycollate. Antiserum was prepared against a strain of Chloroflexus isolated from Octopus Spring which reacted specifically with other Chloroflexus isolates and with the most abundant filamentous bacteria in the mats studied. It was used with combined immunofluorescence-autoradiography to show that Chloroflexus was responsible for photoincorporation of the fermentation products. Dark anaerobic catabolism was suggested by the conversion of butyrate to acetate and propionate to CO2. The sensitivity of these reactions to accumulation and enrichment of butyrate degrading acetogenic bacteria gave evidence of a potential for aceto-genesis. The heterotrophic potential technique was used to test the population potential for the uptake of these compounds in the light. The greatest potential activity was found in the section 1-3 mm below the mat surface and this section showed a much higher potential for uptake of acetate and propionate than for other substrates tested including butyrate, ethanol, lactate and glycollate. Although there was a potential for photoincorporation of the fermentation products by Chloroflexus, or for catabolism of those products by acetogenic bacteria, it appeared only Chloroflexus was highly adapted for the product uptake and metabolism. THE FATE OF FERMENTATION PRODUCTS AND GLYCOLLATE IN HOT SPRING MICROBIAL MATS WITH EMPHASIS ON THR ROLE PLAYED BY CHLOROFLEXUS AURANTIACUS


This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of acute lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injury on liver nutrition metabolism in dairy goats,and to explore its possible mechanism.Eighteen female dairy goats with the similar body weight and age were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups which were designed as control group(CTL group),experimental Ⅰ group(TⅠ group) and experimental Ⅱ group(TⅠ group).The goats in the TⅠ and TⅠ groups were injected 100 and 200 μg/kg BW LPS of 30 mL via jugular vein,respectively,while the goats in the CTL group were injected the same volume of normal saline.The blood was collected via jugular vein at 0,1,4,8,12 and 24 h after injection to make plasma to detect the related indices of liver metabolism function and nutrition metabolism.The results showed as follows: the liver metabolism function was injured in different degree after injection of LPS.Plasma alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity,which in CTL group was significantly lower than that in TⅠ group(P0.05) and significantly higher than that in TⅡ group(P0.05).For plasma aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity,TⅠ group was significantly higher than CTL group and TⅡ group(P0.05),but no significant difference between CTL group and TⅡ group(P0.05).With the passage of time,plasma glucose(GLU) content in CTL group was basically stable,and that in TⅠ and TⅡ groups had a large fluctuation,but no significant difference in its mean among all groups(P0.05).Mean of plasma total protein(TP) content in TⅠ and TⅡ groups was significantly lower than that in CTL group(P0.05).With the passage of time,plasma albumin(ALB) content in CTL group was basically stable,and that in TⅠ and TⅡ groups presented a gradually decreasing trend,but no significant difference in its mean among all groups(P0.05).Means of contents of plasma urea nitrogen(UN),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL),low density lipoprotein(LDL) and cholesterol(CHOL) were presented as TⅠ groupTⅡ groupCTL group,and above indices except LDL in TⅠ and TⅡ groups were significantly higher than those in CTL group(P0.05).Moreover,means of contents of plasma HDL and CHOL in TⅠ group were significantly higher than those in TⅡ groups(P0.05).It is concluded that LPS can cause liver injury and then affect liver nutrition metabolism in dairy goats,and these effects are related to the dose of LPS.


Within the distinctive spiral structure of the cochlea lies a remarkable geometric array of three rows of outer hair cells. Arranged precisely in a two-dimensional crystal-like lattice, the three rows resemble the interdigital fingers of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator, and this chapter outlines how this geometry provides a good basis for explaining the mechanics of the cochlea. Like all SAW devices, the outer hair cells have both sensory and motor aspects, and operating together they are able to form a sharply tuned biological spectrum analyzer. In response to sound pressure, waves are generated between the rows and, via feedback, give rise to standing waves, which form the mechanical equivalent of an active "cochlear amplifier" that boosts hearing sensitivity and frequency selectivity. Because the spacing between the rows varies systematically from one end of the cochlea to the other, the result is a graded bank of sharply tuned filters, in many ways like a set of piano strings that resonate to incoming sound. Properties of this resonance-based system are explored and they are shown to match those of the actual cochlea. Unlike usual cochlear models based on a traveling wave, the SAW resonator system is completely specified — there are no free parameters.


ABSTRACT The radiographs of horizontally laminated and ripple cross laminated sandstones from the Paleozoic flysch of the Ouachita Mountains show the very details of their internal structures. The pattern of horizontal laminae inside flute casts is related to the flow direction and, therefore, can be used as a paleocurrent indicator. The current ripples are of three dimensional, truncated, and mostly nonclimbing type, indicating deposition from a traction current rather than from a suspended load. All samples studied document the conformity of paleocurrent directions deduced from internal structures and those measured on sole marks. This means that sole marks were cut by the same currents that deposited the horizontally and cross-laminated sand. The number of smaller and larger changes in the flow regime, such as the multiple alternation of laminae and the change from horizontal lamination into current ripples, evident on radiographs of a single bed, document that periods of sedimentation alternated with periods of non-sedimentation and erosion. There is an open question whether these breaks in sedimentation resulted from fluctuations within one turbidity current or from the long-term activity of different sedimentary processes.


The distribution of gaseous product species resulting from the reaction of Mo(c) with Br{sub 2}(g) and with Br{sub 2}(g) + O{sub 2}(g) was studied by effusion-beam mass spectrometry over the range 1000--2000 K to aid in the chemical modeling of lamp transport cycles. Species identified included MoBr{sub 2}, MoBr{sub 3}, MoBr{sub 4}, MoOBr, MoOBr{sub 2}, MoOBr{sub 3}, MoO{sub 2}Br, and MoO{sub 2}Br{sub 2}. Enthalpies of formation of these species were derived from third-law analysis of the gas-solid reactions using partial pressures derived from measured ion intensities. Comparison of the measured gaseous product distributions with values calculated using a chemical equilibrium code and literature database aided significantly in the analysis. Results are compared with other information in the literature to give an internally consistent set of enthalpies of formation.


Transesterification of cyclic carbonates to dimethyl carbonate using metal oxide (CaO, BaO and SrO) catalysts is reported with the objective of understanding the pretreatment effect of methanol and cyclic carbonates on catalytic performance. Stirred batch reactor experiments reveal that with untreated CaO as catalyst, significant induction time was observed. The induction time was eliminated upon CaO pretreatment with methanol and the transesterification activity increased from 11 to 947 h–1. In contrast, pretreatment with PC resulted in a prolonged induction time and rate inhibition. Further, although the methanol pretreatment effects were found to be irreversible, those with PC were reversible upon methanol treatment. Pretreatment of CaO with other cyclic carbonates including ethylene carbonate (EC) and 1,2-butylene carbonate (BC) showed similar transesterification trends as PC. Based on these experimental results and complementary catalyst characterization results using SEM, CO2-TPD, XRD, FT-IR, XANES ...


In this paper we introduce matrix representations of polygroups over hyperrings and show such representations induce representations of the fundamental group over the corresponding fundamental ring. We also introduce the notion of a polygroup hyperring generalizing the notion of a group ring. We establish homo-morphisms among various polygroup hyperrings.


Several theories have been presented in regard to creating a neutral density model that is corrected or calibrated in near-real time using data from space catalogs. These theories are usually limited to a small number of frequently tracked "calibration satellites" about which information such as mass and cross-sectional area is known very accurately. This work, however, attempts to validate a methodology by which drag information from all available low-altitude space objects is used to update any given density model on a comprehensive basis. A technique to estimate true ballistic factors is derived in detail. A full simulation capability is independently verified. The process is initially demonstrated using simulated range, azimuth, and elevation observations so that issues such as required number and types of calibration satellites, density of observations, and susceptibility to atmospheric conditions can be examined.


The data on charge-transfer complexes in the vapor phase are analyzed and compared with the data for solutions. An attempt is made to distinguish between the effects of true charge-transfer forces and those attributable to simple van der Waals forces. The complex in the iodine-benzene system in the vapor phase appears to be held together almost solely by van der Waals forces, whereas in other cases the charge-transfer forces contribute in varying degree. Certain inferences are made concerning the mutual orientation of molecules in true charge-transfer complexes, and its effects on the equilibrium constants and absorption intensities. Some remarks on the effect of the complexes on the rate of association of iodine atoms have been appended.


In the current environment of social change and development, the decline of Chinese rural culture has become increasingly prominent. Taking the Dangjia village as an example, this paper analyzes the relationship between the village, the ancestral culture and the local emotions by applying the method of text analysis and interviews. It is found that the ancestral culture is the core embodiment of the rural culture. With the development of the economic marketization, the ancestral public space gradually disappears, and the main body of ancestor worship is from collective to individual, and the ritual is from the complex to the simple. It reveals the decline of Chinese traditional culture and the weakening of local emotional attachment. This paper puts forward the suggestions of the local emotional return of the ancestral sacrifice culture by analyzing the internal and external causes of the emotional changes of the ancestors, and provides theoretical guidance for the rural development.


Dr. Chow and colleagues decided to explore once and for all whether the claim made in the pre antibiotic era of 1879 by the manufacturer of Listerine mouthwash that it could cure gonorrhea was fact or fiction. There were no scientific studies to support this, so this team endeavored to discern its veracity in their latest work. The findings —funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council — are published online in the December 20 edition of Sexually Transmitted Infections. [3]


After introduced the internal data processing of data warehouse applications,a transparent way to visit Relational Database by Hyperion IR was studied,the detailed solutions of the issue encountered in parameter transformation and transcoding was provided,and the seamless connection of multi-dimensional data and relational data was realized.So this enhanced the practicality of specialization of professional tools.


The technical and nontechnical objectives of the Apollo-Soyuz mission are briefly considered. The mission demonstrated that Americans and Russians can work together to perform a very complex operation, including rendezvous in space, docking, and the conduction of joint experiments. Certain difficulties which had to be overcome were partly related to differences concerning the role of the astronaut in the basic alignment and docking procedures for space vehicles. Attention is also given to the experiments conducted during the mission and the approach used to overcome the language barrier.


The study of evaluation criterion of carbonate oil source rocks is a basic research subject which has significant influences on exploratory decision and has important theoretical and practical value.In this paper,calculations have been performed about amount of oil generation,remained oil of unit area carbonate rocks at different geologic conditions by the parameters(strata,geohistory,and thermal history) in Tarim basin,Bohai Bay basin,and Ordos basin.According to the material balance principle,oil-expulsion amount has been worked out(oil-expulsion amount = amount of oil-generation-amount of remained oil).We regard it as an index to present the classification evaluation of oil source rocks,figure out the corresponding organic enrichment,and establish the classification evaluation tables of carbonate oil source rocks in Tarim basin,Bohai Bay basin,and Ordos basin.Based on the simulating calculation,find that TOC industrial threshold value(TOCgy) decreases with the increasing source rocks thickness;decreases at first and then increases with the increasing maturity and decreases with the better type of organic matter.Investigations indicate that the evaluation Standard of carbonate oil source rocks have great variance with the differences of geologic conditions.Based on the analysis,we induce the threshold values,TOC are "0.25,0.5,0.8,1.5",which correspond with the classes,"non,ineffective,poor,moderate and good source rocks" of mature carbonate oil source rocks whose organic matter type is Ⅱ.


Objective To analyze the risking factors of the youth brain infarction,and improve the prevention consciousness of cerebral infarction,and to prevent and reduce the occurrence of stroke.Methods The risking factors of seventy-six patients from 14~45 years old with cerebral infarction were retrospectively analyzed.Results The youth brain infarction risking factors are complicated,the main factor is artery atherosclerosis.Conclusions It is significant for diagnosis,treatment and prevention of infarction by exploring the risk factors of the youth brain infarction.


The program way of non-volatile memory device using a hybrid local boosting method are described. Program method of the non-volatile memory device according to an embodiment of the present invention, electrically programmable and erased a plurality of cell string of a plurality of memory cells are connected in series as possible and, connected to the control gates of the plurality of memory cells corresponding a method for programming a nonvolatile memory device having a plurality of word lines, the top of the word is selected word line in response to receiving the address of the cell to be programmed, the received address connected to the selected cell than the reference word line line the same word line and the phase, the reference word lines the selected word line to determine whether either or if the word line of the top step to program the selected cell to the local boosting method, and the selected word line based on the lower of the word word line If the line profile with the selected cell to the self-boosting scheme And a step of RAM. Program according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of being able to simultaneously reduce the size of the circuit effectively prevent the program disturbance caused by charge sharing.


Reports of witchcraft crimes are a staple feature in the South African tabloid newspaper, the Daily Sun. Instead of dismissing these sensational and seemingly implausible narratives, this paper examines them as 'fictions' through the lens of theory developed for the analysis of detective fiction. It draws on Huhn's (1987) model of the readerly relationships established by the narrative forms of the classical detective story and the hard-boiled novel in order to show how the reportage, together with its expected reception, reveals subliminal tensions within working-class black culture. Ironically, such a reading illustrates how the brazen and emotive nature of the tabloid text, which signals for some its untrustworthiness, perhaps comes closer to telling a 'truth' about contemporary South African society than the most 'objective' reports.


This paper establishes a defect relation for linearly nondegenerate meromorphic mappings from parabolic manifolds into the projective space intersecting hypersurfaces, extending a result of H. Cartan result and an earlier result of Min Ru. 0. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to study the value distribution theory of meromorphic maps f : M → P(C) intersecting hypersurfaces, where M is an m-dimensional parabolic manifold and P(C) is the n-dimensional complex projective space. In 1933, H. Cartan [Ca] established the Second Main Theorem for linearly non-degenerate holomorphic curves f : C → P(C) intersecting hyperplanes. Later L. Ahlfors [A] gave another ingenious geometric proof. W. Stoll [S] generalized Ahlfors' method and extended Cartan's Second Main Theorem to linearly non-degenerate meromorphic maps f : M → P(C), where M is an m-dimensional parabolic manifold. In [WS], Wong and Stoll carefully examined the error term appearing in Stoll's inequality. Recently, the second author [Ru] extended H. Cartan's result to algebraically non-degenerate holomorphic curves f : C → P(C) intersecting hypersurfaces and solved the following conjecture. Conjecture (Shiffman). Let f : C → P(C) be an algebraically nondegenerate holomorphic curve (here we say that f is algebraically non-degenerate if the image of f is not contained in any proper algebraic subvarieties of P(C)), and let D1, . . . , Dq be hypersurfaces in P(C) in general position. Then ∑q j=1 δf (Dj) ≤ n+ 1. Received June 17, 2004; received in final form January 27, 2005. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 32H30. The second author is supported in part by NSA grant H98230-05-1-0042. The United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. c ©2005 University of Illinois 237 238 YUANCHENG LIU AND MIN RU The purpose of this paper is to extend this result to meromorphic maps on parabolic manifolds. Throughout this paper, we shall use the standard notations in the value distribution theory of meromorphic maps on parabolic manifolds (see [WS] or [S]). Some notations and definitions will be recalled in Section 1. To establish the value distribution theory on parabolic manifolds M , similar to [S], we make the following assumptions on M (cf. Section 1): (i) M is a connected complex manifold of dimension m. (ii) There exists a parabolic exhaustion function τ on M . (iii) For every integer n and every linearly non-degenerate map f : M → P(C), there is a holomorphic differential form B of degree (m− 1, 0) on M such that f is general for B (cf. §1.3) and mim−1B ∧ B̄ ≤ Y (r)υm−1 on M [r] for some real positive valued function Y (r) on M , which is independent of f (Y is called a majorant for B, see §1.4), where, for any positive integer m, im = (√ −1 2π )m (−1) m(m−1) 2 m!. A complex manifold M satisfying the assumptions (i)–(iii) is called an admissible parabolic manifold. Throughout this paper, we shall work on admissible parabolic manifolds. Hypersurfaces D1, . . . , Dq, q > n, in P(C) are said to be in general position if ⋂n+1 k=1 supp(Djk) = ∅ for any distinct j1, . . . , jn+1. In this paper, the following theorem is proved. Main Theorem. Let M be an admissible parabolic manifold of dimension m. Let f : M → P(C) be an algebraically non-degenerate meromorphic map (i.e., the image of f is not contained in any proper algebraic subvarieties of P(C)), and let D1, . . . , Dq be hypersurfaces in P(C) of degree dj in general position. Fix s0 > 0. Then for every > 0, we have q ∑ j=1 d−1 j mf (r,Dj) ≤ (n+ 1 + )Tf (r, s0) + c ( Ricτ (r, s0) + log Tf (r, s0) + log Y (r) + log r ) , where c > 0 is a constant depends on , Ricτ (r, s0) is the Ricci function of M (cf. [S], or [WS]), and " ≤ " means that the inequality holds for all r ∈ [s0,+∞) outside a union of intervals of finite total length. We note that Ricτ (r, s0) is called the Ricci function, which depends only on the geometry (topology) of the manifold M . An important class of admissible parabolic manifolds are affine algebraic manifolds. In this case, there exists a finite branched covering π : M → C. If we take τ = ‖π‖, Stoll [S] showed MEROMORPHIC MAPS ON PARABOLIC MANIFOLDS 239 that there exists a holomorphic differential form B of degree (m− 1, 0) on M (cf. [S] or [WS]) such that mim−1B ∧ B̄ ≤ (1 + |τ |)m−1(ddcτ)m−1. Hence, we can take Y (r) = (1 + r2)m−1. Further, we can show (cf. [S] or [WS]) that dπ = lim r→+∞ Ricτ (r, s0) log r exists and equals the degree of the branching divisor of π. The Main Theorem thus implies the following corollary in the case that M is an affine algebraic manifold. Corollary. Let M be an affine algebraic manifold of complex dimension m. Let π : M → C be a finite branched covering. Let D1, . . . , Dq be a finite collection of hypersurfaces in P(C) in general position. Let f : M → P(C) be an algebraically non-degenerate meromorphic map. Then, for every > 0, we have q ∑ j=1 d−1 j mf (r,Dj) ≤ (n+ 1 + )Tf (r, s0) + c ( log Tf (r, s0) + log r ) , where c > 0 is a constant depends on , and where " ≤ " means that the inequality holds for all r ∈ [s0,+∞) outside a union of intervals of finite total length. 1. The theory of meromorphic maps on parabolic manifolds In this section, we recall some basic results in the theory of meromorphic maps on parabolic manifolds. For references, see [S] or [WS]. 1.1 Parabolic manifolds. Let M be a connected complex manifold of dimension m. Let τ ≥ 0 be a non-negative, unbounded function of class C∞ on M . For 0 ≤ r ∈ R and A ⊆M define A[r] = {x ∈ A | τ(x) ≤ r}, A(r) = {x ∈ A | τ(x) < r}, A〈r〉 = {x ∈ A | τ(x) = r}, A∗ = {x ∈ A | τ(x) > 0}, υ = ddτ, ω = dd log τ, σ = d log τ ∧ ωm−1. If M [r] is compact for each r > 0, the function τ is then said to be an exhaustion of M . The function τ is said to be parabolic if ω ≥ 0, ω ≡ 0, υ 6≡ 0 240 YUANCHENG LIU AND MIN RU on M∗. Note that this also implies that υ ≥ 0 on M . If τ is a parabolic exhaustion, (M, τ) is said to be a parabolic manifold. Define R̂τ = {r ∈ R | dτ(x) 6= 0 for all x ∈M〈r〉}. Then R\R̂τ has measure zero. If r ∈ R̂τ , then M〈r〉 is a compact, real, (2m− 1)-dimensional submanifold of class C∞ of M , oriented to the exterior of M〈r〉. By Stoll (cf. [S, p. 133]), for all r ∈ R̂τ , ∫ M〈r〉 σ is a positive constant, independent of r. Let κ = ∫ M〈r〉 σ. (1.1.1) For an affine algebraic manifold M , this number represents the sheet number of the projection π : M → C if τ = ‖π‖ (cf. [WS]). 1.2 Meromorphic maps, reduced representation. Let M be a complex manifold with dimM = m. Let A 6= ∅ be an open subset of M such that S = M − A is analytic. Then A is dense in M . Let f : A → P(C) be a holomorphic map on A. The closure Γ of the graph {(x, f(x)) | x ∈ A} in M×P(C) is called the closed graph of f . The map f is said to be meromorphic on M if (i) Γ(f) is analytic in M×P(C) and (ii) Γ∩(K×P(C)) is compact for each compact subset K ⊆M , i.e., the projection ρ : Γ(f)→M is proper. If f is meromorphic, then the set of indeterminacy If = {x ∈ M | #ρ−1(x) > 1} is analytic with dim If ≤ m− 2 and is contained in S. The holomorphic map f : A → P(C) continues to a holomorphic map f : M − If → P(C) such that we can assume, a posteriori, that S = If . If m = 1, If is necessarily empty and f : M → P(C) is holomorphic. Given M,A, S and a holomorphic map f : A→ P(C) as above, a holomorphic map f(6≡ 0) : U → C on an open and connected subset U of M is said to be a representation of f if f(x) = P(f(x)) for all x ∈ A ∩ U with f(x) 6= 0. A representation f is said to be reduced if dim f−1(0) ≤ m − 2. The map f is meromorphic if and only if for every point p ∈M , there is a representation f : U → C of f with p ∈ U . If so, a representation f is reduced if and only if U ∩ If = f−1(0). For every meromorphic map f : M → P(C), there is a reduced representation of f at every point of M . 1.3 The associated map. A distinguished differential operator, in general, might be missing on a connected, complex manifold M of dimension m > 1. Therefore, Stoll [S] assumed that a holomorphic form B of bidegree (m−1, 0) is given on M . Let f be a holomorphic vector valued function on an open subset U of M . If z = (z1, . . . , zm) is a chart with Uz ∩ U 6= ∅, then the B-derivative f ′ B,z = f ′ on U ∩Uz for z is defined by df ∧B = f dz1∧· · ·∧dzm. The operation can be iterated so that the kth B−derivative f (k) is defined: MEROMORPHIC MAPS ON PARABOLIC MANIFOLDS 241 f (k) = (f (k−1))′. Put f (0) = f . Abbreviate fk = f ∧ f ′ ∧ · · · ∧ f (k) : U → ∧C. Let f : M → P(C) be a meromorphic map. If fk 6≡ 0 for one choice of a reduced representation f : U → C on a chart Uz, then fk 6≡ 0 for all possible choices and f is said to be general of order k for B. In this case, the kth associated map fk : M → P( ∧k+1 C) is well-defined as a meromorphic map by fk|U = P(fk) for all possible choices of f and charts z. We say that f is general for B if f is general of order k for B for all k, 1 ≤ k ≤ n. 1.4 The majorant function. A positive real valued function Y (r) is said to be a majorant for B if mim−1B ∧ B̄ ≤ Y (r)υm−1 on M [r]. In the assumption (iii) for M , we assumed that such a function exists. The majorant function Y (r) introduces an extra term in the Second Main Theorem. 1.5 Projective distance. Denote by C∗ the dual space of C. For 0 ≤ k ≤ n, let b: (∧k+1 Cn+1) × C∗ → ∧k C be the interior product defined in the usual way. Let x ∈ P( ∧k+1 C) with representative ξ ∈ C − {0} and let a ∈ P(C∗) with representative α ∈ C∗ − {0}, the projective distance between x and a is defined by 0 ≤ ‖x; a‖ = ‖ξbα‖ ‖ξ‖‖α‖ ≤ 1, (1.5.1) where the norm on ∧k C is induced by the standard norm on C. Note that the above definition is independent of the choice of the representatives α and ξ. Note that a hyperplane H in P(C) can also be regarded as a point in Pn(C∗). Hence, for every meromorphic map f : M → P(C), ‖fk(z);H‖ is defined for z ∈M . This defines a distance function (from fk(z) to H) on M . 1.6 The First


Attempts to revive confidence in the £13bn (€14.3bn; $21.3bn) effort to computerise the NHS in England were thrown into disarray this week when the chancellor of the exchequer, Alistair Darling, singled out the programme as a prime candidate for spending cuts.

In a BBC television interview on Sunday, in advance of the prebudget report due this week, Mr Darling described the programme as "not essential for the front line" and "something we do not need to go ahead with just now."

Opposition politicians welcomed the statement. However, the BMA and NHS management bodies warned against cutting back the upgrade of information technology systems in use by NHS organisations. …


Purpose This tutorial addresses the use of analog tasks to assess social communication abilities in toddlers through adolescents. In analog tasks, clinicians manufacture situations that give rise t...


In this narrative medicine essay, an emergency medicine pediatrician describes the care his mother received in her last days and calls on the health care profession to aim for providing a personal touch when caring for patients.