OBJECTIVES
This randomized controlled study compared acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and a control group.

METHOD
The participants were 50 incarcerated women diagnosed with current substance use disorder. Two psychologists carried out pre- and posttreatment assessment and a 6-month follow-up assessment using the following instruments: Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Addiction Severity Index-6, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire.

RESULTS
The study shows that the women who received treatment benefited differentially from the interventions. At posttreatment, CBT was more effective than ACT in reducing anxiety sensitivity; however, at follow-up, ACT was more effective than CBT in reducing drug use (43.8 vs. 26.7%, respectively) and improving mental health (26.4% vs. 19.4%, respectively).

CONCLUSION
ACT may be an alternative to CBT for treatment of drug abuse and associated mental disorders. In fact, at long-term, ACT may be more appropriate than CBT for incarcerated women who present serious problems.


objective:To determine the content of baicaline in composite houttuynia tablets and oral liquid with reversed-phase HPLC,which controls the quality of the preparation.Methods:Baicaline was separated with a C18 chemical bonding silica gel column.A mixture of methanol-water-acetic acid(49.5:50:0.5)served as the mobile phase.UV detection wavelength was set at 274 nm.Results:The number of theoretical plates calculaled for baicaline peak was 2498,the average rate of recovery of the added sample was 96.16%(n=6).The RSD obtained form 6 independent determinations was 2.24%.There was a good linear relationship between the quantity of baicaline sample and the peak area value within a range of 0.249~2.49 μg of baicaline.Conclusion: The method was shown to be specific and reproducible in the content determination of baicaline in fufangyexingcao tablets and qingrejiedu oral liquid.


A body of 800 experts, worldwide, on international relations was surveyed in 1977 concerning their short-term (next 5 years) and long-term (next 25 years) predictions for international conflict, political change, and economic development. We present their predictions for both time-frames, and for the 5-year predictions compare them with events that actually occurred. We compare the predictions, and their relative success for the short- term predictions, by methodological orientation (behavioral or traditional) and nationality (United States, Japanese, and Other) of the predictor. Traditionalists succeeded somewhat better than behavioralists (at least outside their subjects of expertise), and both the Americans and the Others had greater success than the Japanese, though none of the differences between groups was great. The experts typically predicted little or no change in events or trends, rather than predicting major change. This is true for short- and long-range predictions. Within a generally optimistic set of predictions for the next 25 years, the Japanese group stands out as especially so, particularly on international cooperation, war-avoidance, and prosperity.


nTwo examples of production reversal during Marathon Oil Company's conformance control campaign in Wyoming's Big Horn basin. In each case, Marathon injected a polymer-gel system into an injector and noted the production response in adjacent producers. Both examples show a dramatic reversal of both declining oil rate and increasing water/oil ratio (WOR)—see straightline trends in top figure. On average, each extra barrel of oil derived from their series of 29 treatments cost Marathon just $0.34. Gel treatment 1000


This paper presents an 11-bit ultralow voltage energy efficient successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). With the proposed semi-resting (SR) digital-to-analog convertor (DAC) switching scheme, this paper consumes only 6%–13.5% switching energy, compared to the state-of-the-art works. In addition, the SR switching scheme effectively reduces the differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity to be 1/2, compared to the conventional approach under the same matching conditions. With the proposed SR DAC switching scheme, this paper can handle the same input swing using a half supply and consume smaller power consumption. A cascade-input comparator is developed to consume only 49% of the power and 66% of the decision time with a threefold front-stage gain boost. The test chip occupies a core area of 0.035 mm2 in 90-nm CMOS technology. The prototype consumes 187 nW at 600 kS/s with a single 0.3-V supply voltage. The achieved effective number of bits and spurious-free dynamic range at Nyquist input are 9.46 bits and 73 dB, respectively. The resultant Walden's figure of merit (FoM) and Schreier's FoM are 0.44 fJ/conversion-step and 180.8 dB, respectively.


By using the structure of solutions of linear integro differential equation,the paper establishes the monotone iteration scheme for periodic boundary value problems of a class of nonlinear integro differential equations.The existence of maximum and minimum solutions to the problems is proved.


The environmentally responsible behaviors of residents and tourists are great significance to the protection of natural resources and sustainable development of ecotourism. This paper takes China's Qilian Mountains National Park as the case place. By constructing a theoretical model of perceived value on environmentally responsible behavior and studying the relationship between residents' and tourists' perceived value, satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior from both subject and object perspectives, the study shows that. Educational level and occupational distribution have significant effects on residents' and tourists' perceptions of ecotourism environmentally responsible behaviors, but age only has a significant effect on residents' perceptions of ecotourism environmentally responsible behaviors. Gender differences do not affect residents' and tourists' perceptions of ecotourism environmentally responsible behaviors. The theoretical model between residents' perceptions of environmentally responsible behaviors, environmentally responsible behaviors, and satisfaction was basically confirmed. Perceived environmentally responsible behaviors of tourists does not affect satisfaction. Satisfaction has a positive effect on tourists' environmentally responsible behaviors. Perceived environmental responsibility of tourists has a significant positive effect on tourists' environmentally responsible behaviors. The overall level of residents' perception of environmentally responsible behaviors in ecotourism is higher than tourists' perception. Residents and tourists have a poor perception of ecological and environmental protection policies. This paper expects to strengthen residents' and tourists' perceptions of ecologically responsible behaviors. Establishing the sentiment of satisfaction and commitment to environmental protection motivates residents and tourists to implement environmentally responsible behaviors and contribute to the sustainable development of ecotourism.


In order to understand the rheological properties of gelled fuels more comprehensively,gelled fuels based on gasoline with fumed silica as gellant were prepared by methods of ultrasonic vibration combining with mechanical stirring with or without aluminum powder. The gel fuels rheological characteristics such as shear thinning,thixotropy,yield stress and viscoelastic were investigated experimentally by rotational rheometer with cone-and-plate configuration. The results indicate that all gelled fuels own obvious shear thinning and irreversible thixotropic characteristics. The viscosity and yield stress of each fuel increase with increased gellant concentration. The viscosities and yield stresses of fuels added with aluminum powder are greater than that without aluminum powder,and that with 10μm particle size is greater than that of 5μm,and smaller than that of 1μm. Each fuel is alike to fluid under low frequency oscillation,and shows some solid-like features under high frequency oscillation.


The aim of this paper is to address the concepts of Idealism and Dogmatism as Fichte presents them in his Erste und Zweite Einleitung in die Wissen schaftslehre (1797/8). First, it analyzes the contrast that Fichte builds throughout the text. Then, it explores Fichte's interpretation of Spinozism as outlined in §10 of the Zweite Einleitung… , in order to show that it leads to a new characterization of Dogmatism. Finally, it concludes that this new characterization of Dogmatism dismantles the polarization between the two philosophical systems, which opens in turn the possibility to rethink Fichte's strategy against the dogmatic readers.


Radiation detector systems in nuclear medicine imaging A radiation detector system in nuclear medicine imaging is definitely a timely topic or area of research where not many papers are available in the literature of nuclear medicine imaging. Arguably, no single device can detect all kinds of radiation and no one device is useful in all situations. Understanding of the principles of radiation detection and the characteristics of the commonly encountered detection devices is essential in nuclear medicine imaging. All radiation detector systems share the characteristic that the radiation incident on the transducer produces ionization effects that are not directly observable. The ideal radiation detector system achieves high quantum detection efficiency by effectively absorbing the radiation of interest. As a US National Institute of Health (NIH-T32) Research Fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, I had the opportunity to be a member of the Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences now called the Gordon Center for Medical Imaging[1]. During my training, I worked in physics and instrumentation in nuclear medicine[2]. In this article, I am reviewing the types of detectors encountered in nuclear medicine and the recent advances of radiation detector systems in nuclear medicine imaging. The detectors have been used in numerous medical applications such as isotope preparation, studies of biological samples, anatomical studies, whole-body counting, in vivo counting, Recent Advances of Radiation Detector Systems in Nuclear Medicine Imaging


In a previous study, we developed the Mobile Application for Summary Speaking Task by self-study (MAST) and proposed a learning design which combines MAST and pair work in an English class. Learners practice summary speaking task with MAST by self-study and explain the summary to their peer in a classroom pair work. In this research, we improved the learning design by scaffolding self-study using a task like a conversation and by visualization of learners' learning achievement using proposed worksheet for the pair work aiming to increase the frequency of English-speaking self-study. We conducted an experiment for four weeks and analysis of the results implied that the improved learning design might be effective for increasing the frequency, which occurs from high self-efficacy and appropriate self-reflection.


The unsaturated cluster [OS3H2(CO)10] reacts with diazo-compounds N2CR1R2 to give complexes of the form [OS3(µ-H)(CO)10(µ-NHNCR1R2)][R1= R2= Ph(1); Rl= Ph, R2= Me(2); R1= Ph, R2= H(3); and R1= R2= Me(4)]. Compound (4) reverts to [Os3H2(CO)10] in solution at 20 °C; a mechanism for the decomposition of complex (4) is proposed. Complexes (1)–(3) are stable in solution and the structures of [Os3(µ-H)(CO)10(µ-NHNCPh2)](1) and [Os3(µ-H)(CO)10(µ-NHNCPhMe)](2) in the solid state have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analyses. Both complexes crystallise in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z= 4, and a= 13.645(7), b= 11.948(8), c= 16.784(11)A, β= 101.36(3)° for (1) and a= 17.020(8), b= 9.181(3), c= 16.594(7), A, and β= 113.70(2)° for (2). The structures have been solved by a combination of direct methods and Fourier techniques, and refined by blocked full-matrix least squares to R= 0.079 for 2 712 observed intensities (1) and R= 0.050 for 2 375 intensities (2). In both structures the Os atoms define an isosceles triangle the short edge of which is bridged by an N atom of the NHNCR1R2 ligand and by the hydride. Spectroscopic data for (2) indicate the presence of two isomers in solution.


Objective:To establish a HPLC method for determination of puerarin in radix puerariae dripping pills. Methods:The radix puerariae dripping pills were dissolved with 30% alcohol by ultrasonic wave. The puerarin was separated by Kromasil C18 analysis column. The mobile phase was composed of acetonltrile : water = 10 : 90( V/V). The flow rate of mobile phase was 1mL/min. The detection wavelength was UV 250nm. Results:There was a good linearity from 10 μg/mL to 200 μg/mL (r =0.999 8) in separation of puerarin. The average recovery was 100. 76% and the relative standard deviation 1. 12% (n =6). Conclusion:The method is simple and fast, and the results are reliale.


Secondary-electron-emission (SEE) current measured from high-purity, single-crystal (100) chemical-vapor-deposited diamond is found to increase when sub-band gap (3.06 eV) photons are incident on the hydrogenated surface. Although the light does not produce photoemission directly, the SEE current increases by more than a factor of 2 before saturating with increasing laser power. In energy distribution curves (EDCs), the emission peak shows a corresponding increase in intensity with increasing laser power. However, the emission-onset energy in the EDCs remains constant, indicating that the bands are pinned at the surface. On the other hand, changes are observed on the high-energy side of the distribution as the laser power increases, with a well-defined shoulder becoming more pronounced. From an analysis of this feature in the EDCs, it is deduced that upward band bending is present in the near-surface region during the SEE measurements and this band bending suppresses the SEE yield. However, sub-band gap p...


An increasing body of evidence suggests significant differences in the growth and differentiation of axons and dendrites in neurons. Automated methods to classify process type would greatly facilitate studying these differences. We have developed adaptive image analysis and registration tools, and type-specific markers for dendrites and axons to segment exclusively each process type for detailed quantitative morphometric analysis.


The Bachelor's thesis concerns itself with a presentation of a construction company and its divisions. The main idea was to create design and selection of the individual divisions and overall image of the company on the internet. Also, a partial administration of each division was created. A user can update news on the web without problems and without knowledge of the programming language.


Specimens of Xiphinema index with pegless tails were found in three populations collected in Greece. Raising of these females in pot culture confirmed that this is not an inherited characteristic.


Polycyclic zwitterionic complexes that incorporate one or two phosphonium unit(s) as cationic center(s) and zirconocene-ate moiety(ies) as the anionic counterpart(s) can be easily prepared by either [1+3] or [1+3] and [2+3] cycloadditions which involve bi- or tricyclic alpha-zirconated phosphanes 3 or 4 and various azides. Some of these species exhibit unprecedented phosphazide chelation with bonding between the zirconium and a nitrogen atom in the alpha position relative to phosphorus. When heated, the phosphazide complexes lose dinitrogen to form stable polycyclic zwitterionic phosphonium mono- or dinuclear complexes. The solid-state structure of the two zwitterionic complexes 5 and 8 was determined by X-ray crystallography.


A novel method relying on atomic force microscope (AFM) tip based nanomachining is presented to enable the fabrication of microchannels that exhibit complex three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale floor surface geometries. To achieve this, reciprocating lateral displacements of the tip of an AFM probe are generated, while a high-precision stage is also actuated to move in a direction perpendicular to such tip motions. The width and length of microchannels machined in this way are determined by the amplitude of the tip motion and the stage displacement, respectively. Thus, the processing feed can be changed during the process as it is defined by the combined control of the frequency of the tip reciprocating motions and the stage speed. By employing the built-in force feedback loop of conventional AFM systems during such operations, the variation of the feed leads to different machined depths. Thus, this results in the capability to generate complex 3D nanostructures, even for a given normal load, which is set by the AFM user prior to the start of the process. In this paper, the fabrication of different microchannels with floor surfaces following half triangular, triangular, sinusoidal, and top-hat waveforms is demonstrated. It is anticipated that this method could be employed to fabricate complex nanostructures more readily compared to traditional vacuum-based lithography processes.


In clear opposition to values stemmed from tradition or natural law, modern time enhances and cares for the contingent nature of law to the point to embrace any social practise. In this context, contingency refers to the lack of any binding principle which implies that legal norms' change depends only upon limitless and free social mutations. Leaving apart the value of tradition and denying the possibility to found law on the base of natural law, it turns out that the quality of law is not supported by the immanent value of its norms but it is backed up by the mere fact that law can always be changed. Modern law emphasises its quality of being a legal positivism. The production of law as being a legal positivism simply means the selection (among all possible material norms) of those norms that have been retained valid; in other words, norms recognised as such for they are coercive.


As food and nutrition occupy an increasingly prevalent space on the web, dishes and recipes shared online provide an invaluable mirror into culinary cultures and attitudes around the world. More specifically, ingredients, flavors, and nutrition information become strong signals of the taste preferences of individuals and civilizations. However, there is little understanding of these palate varieties. In this paper, we present a large-scale study of recipes published on the web and their content, aiming to understand cuisines and culinary habits around the world. Using a database of more than 157K recipes from over 200 different cuisines, we analyze ingredients, flavors, and nutritional values which distinguish dishes from different regions, and use this knowledge to assess the predictability of recipes from different cuisines. We then use country health statistics to understand the relation between these factors and health indicators of different nations, such as obesity, diabetes, migration, and health expenditure. Our results confirm the strong effects of geographical and cultural similarities on recipes, health indicators, and culinary preferences between countries around the world.


We determine the radial abundance distributions across the disks of fourteen irregular galaxies of the types Sm and Im (morphological T types T = 9 and T =10) as traced by their HII regions. The oxygen and nitrogen abundances in HII regions are estimated through the Te method or/and with the counterpart method (C method). Moreover, we examine the correspondence between the radial abundance gradient and the surface brightness profile. We find that irregular galaxies with a flat inner profile (flat or outwardly increasing surface brightness in the central region) show shallow (if any) radial abundance gradients. On the other hand, irregular galaxies with a steep inner profile (with or without a bulge or central star cluster) usually show rather steep radial abundance gradients. This is in contrast to the widely held belief that irregular galaxies do not usually show a radial abundance gradient.


The popular algorithms for wideband source localization pass the data through a bank of narrowband filters, and use the narrowband signal model for subsequent processing of the filter-bank output. This requires a large time window over which the data must be collected. We propose a new low-rank signal model, which does not rely on the narrowband signal model. In this way we can avoid narrowband filtering. The model is applicable to arbitrary array geometries, and is useful in both far-field and near-field problems. A subspace algorithm for source localization using the new model is proposed, which requires significantly smaller time window to yield reliable results.


Based on the engineering background of Xi′an metro tunnel and the geological environment of Xi′an ground fissuret,he physical modeling experiment for horseshoe-shaped tunnel lining structure crossing the ground fissure with 40 ° is designed according to the similarity theory.The strains of concrete,longitudinal and circumferential reinforced bars,the peripheral soil pressure,convergence displacement of lining structure model,the soil deformation on the top of model and other macroscopical phenomena of deformation and damage are studied.It is shown that the deformation and damage style of monolithic horseshoe-shaped tunnel lining structure crossing the ground fissure with 40 ° is asymmetric with distortion,bending and shearing.The concrete circumferential crack range is 0.83D(D = 1.80 m) in the hanging side region,and 1.11D in the lying side region.The concrete longitudinal crack range is 1.11D in the hanging side region,and(1.94–2.22)D in the lying side region.The damage degree of structure in the lying side region is more serious than that in the hanging side region.The segmentation of lining structure shoud be used to fit the distortion,bending and shearing in the horseshoe-shaped tunnel crossing the ground fissure with 40.°Antitorque means should be used in the structure design,and the enlargered cross-section and high-performace concrete should be used to resist the shearing deformation.


In the present study Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-1-yl-N (4-oxo-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)acetamide deri vat ves were synthesized from N'-benzylidene-2-(6H-indolo [2,3-b ] quinoxalin-6-yl ) acetohydrazide derivatives by c onventional method and under microwave irradiation. N'-benzylid ene-2-(6H-indolo [2,3-b] quinoxalin-6-yl ) acetohyd razide derivatives were synthesized from Indolo [2,3-b] qu inoxalin-6-yl ) acetohydrazide. The compounds obtai ned were purified by column chromatography using silica gel. The chemical structures of the compounds were conf irmed using IR, H-NMR and mass spectroscopy.


This work presents a fast method for the simultaneous separation and determination of glimepiride, glibenclamide, and two related substances by RP LC. The separation was performed on a Chromolith Performance (RP-18e, 100 mm64.6 mm) column. As mobile phase, a mixture of phosphate buffer pH 3, 7.4 mM, and ACN (55 :45 v/v) was used. Column oven temperature was set to 308C. The total chromatographic run time was 80 s. This was achieved using a flow program from 5 to 9.9 mL/min. Precisions of the interday and the intraday assay for both retention times and peak areas for the four analyzed compounds were less than 1.2%. The method showed good linearity and recovery. The short analysis time makes the method very valuable for quality control and stability testing of drugs and their pharmaceutical preparations.


The author of this article analyses the integration of Indian immigrants in an ISKCON temple in the USA. Perceptions of Indian immigrants and temple residents, as well as attempts to negotiate new definitions, are discussed within the context of three major areas of temple life: ideology, religion and social structure. Data for this paper were gathered between 1990 and 1994, when the author was a participant observer in the ISKCON Philadelphia temple.


Ordination techniques such as CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) or RDA (Redundancy Analysis) are very popular in ecological research but almost completely unknown in, for example, socio-economic research. The goal of this paper is to concisely organize the concepts and terminology associated with ordination and to present the possibilities of its application in social research with an example of the analysis of the 2015 parliamentary elections results.


Background: Thyroid surgeries are commonly done nowadays for benign and malignant conditions. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) is an important and potentially catastrophic complication of thyroid surgery. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of rigid endoscopy (Hopkins rod-lens telescope) performed at different time intervals on the diagnosis of RLNP in post-thyroid surgery patients.
Aims and Objectives: To assess Proper Timing of Laryngoscopy in Post-thyroid Surgery patients to Detect RLN Injury.
Materials and Methods: Rigid endoscopy was performed postoperatively at day 0 (T0), at 2nd day post-op (T1), and day 14 (T2). For patients with RLNP, repeated examinations were performed at 2 months (T3), 6 months (T4), and 12 months (T5).
Results: The study included 50 patients of thyroid swelling with different diagnoses. Overall, 35 patients appeared for postoperative laryngoscopic examination of the vocal folds at our center, providing 61 nerves at risk. RLNP rate was 8.1% at T0, 11.5% at T1, 9.8% at T2, 8.1% at T3, 4.9% at T4, and 3.3% at T5. T1 was significantly superior to all other time intervals in terms of diagnosis of RLNP but statistically not significant.
Conclusion: Rigid endoscopy is essential for the detection of vocal cord paralysis after thyroidectomy. We report different time evaluation criteria of vocal cord morbidity with great and significant variability of results. Second day post-op inspection of the larynx (T1) is suggested.


This paper puts forwards a new kind of technical approach-Band Sequence Structure Analysis(BSSA) by using the hyperspectral data as the band-series data which have almost continuous sub-band.This new technical approach includes such means as band sequence histogram,left(right) skew parameter analysis,relevant(similar) matrix and regression skew analysis.In this paper,the BSSA of hyperspectral data is applied to such fields as statistical character analysis and quality evaluation,evaluation of potentiality of alteration information,selection of characteristic bands and extraction of mineral alteration information.The result of the application demonstrates the scientific value and practicality of the new technical idea.


The aim of this paper is to present the way of reconstruction of historical monuments of Romanesque architecture by reusing and highlighting the original component materials, related to the subassemblies of the construction, respectively the recycling of those components that have lost their historical value. The Romanesque buildings are part of Romanian national cultural heritage and have been through controversial historical periods, and therefore have undergone important modifications or structural losses. The reconstruction or rehabilitation of the Romanesque historical buildings is a way of sustainable development by adapting the buildings to the new conditions of use.


This article describes the concept of a low-floor tramcar used in Vienna, Austria. Radially-controlled portal-frame running gears are employed to permit an ultra-low floor and a modular vehicle design. Multiple entry points ensure short boarding/alighting times, reducing service delays. The modules feature double suspension with angular pendulum springs; and rubber-sprung wheels achieve higher lateral rigidity and lower noise emission. Hydraulic height adjustability offers the possibility of lowering the front of the vehicle standing at a tram stop. The portal-frame running gear controls the ability of the train to keep aligned correctly to the curves of the line so that minimum wear and noise emission are made on the track. Traction and brake units are integrated and the motors connected to a traction converter which gives the correct speeds for the wheels in a curve. The trams have gained positive acceptance from both passengers and drivers.


Compounds corresponding to formula (I); IN WHICH REPRESENTS R1 atom, halogen, cyano group, a nitro group, a (C1C6) alkoxy straight or branched alkyl group, a (C1C6) cycloalkyl (C1-C2) alkoxy, an aryl (C1- C2) alkoxy; R2 represents a group (C1-C4) alkyl, an aryl group optionally substituted by one or more methoxy groups, a group pyridinyl, benzodioxanyl GROUP ,; R3 represents, a hydrogen atom, a (C1-C2) alkyl; YN = 0 to 3, and their addition salts pharmaceutically acceptable acid. THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS.


We report on the transmission of a 107Gb/s DPSK-3ASK optical channel over 335km, fiber (SSMF). DPSK-3ASK is targeted to meet the requirements of a metro network.


The present invention provides a method and system for reducing the folds in the paper sheet during the paper production, prevention, or removal. The system may include a dryer for drying a continuous paper sheet with the direction of movement. In addition, the system may include at least one roll is configured to receive a continuous paper sheet with the drying. In addition, the system may further include an air spreader placed in the downstream of the dryer and upstream of the at least one roll. The at least one roll may include one or more of calendering rolls. The air spreader may comprise a plurality of nozzles configured to discharge the gas toward the dry paper sheet. The nozzle may be at least partially directed in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the dry paper sheet.


The aim of this article is to assess the extent of cooperation between municipalities and Latvia's Russian-speaking minority towards the goal of securing its inclusion in the local governance of the nation. The research is split into two main parts. First, an analytical framework is established using governance theories, with a particular focus on the criteria of fairness and competences. Second, an empirical framework analyses various determi- nants on the basis of a case study of the Riga city municipality. The authors conclude that there is notable progress in the creation of formal frameworks fostering inclusiveness, in particular in public administration and legislation. However, several disadvantages are still observed when the attempts at inclusion encounter the two aforementioned criteria. As a result, the overall forms and initiatives towards cooperation fail to engender an environment that would foster new competencies or values for the general public or par- ticular stakeholders.


BACKGROUND
Diapause allows insects to survive harsh environments, and its termination is crucial for their normal development after diapause. However, little is known about the regulatory pathways and signals involved in insect diapause termination.

RESULTS
We discovered that high temperature (25 °C) influenced larval diapause termination in Monochamus alternatus. Likewise, metal ions (Ca2+ ) promoted diapause termination by reducing diapause duration. We combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate changes in gene expression and metabolism in diapause-terminated larvae treated with high temperature (MaHt) and metal ions (MaCa). Hormone biosynthesis and metabolism contained the highest proportion of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two groups. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) were closely related to diapause termination in M. alternatus. RNAi experiments verified that 20E biosynthesis (CYP314a1) and degradation (CYP18a1), JH biosynthesis (FOHSDR-1) and degradation (JHEH) genes affected the larval diapause duration significantly. In addition, dysfunction of CYP314a1 resulted in increased larval mortality (p<0.01), reduced pupation rate and emergence rate (p<0.05). ELISA analysis showed that the ecdysone content decreased after dsCYP314a1 injection and JH content increased after dsJHEH injection.

CONCLUSION
The results indicate that genes CYP314a1, CYP18a1, FOHSDR-1 and JHEH mediated 20E and JH biosynthesis and degradation to regulate diapause termination in M. alternatus. We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of diapause termination and provided a basis for the prevention and control of M. alternatus infestation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Deployment of future‐proof access networks requires new infrastructure and new equipment and, on top of it, raises many questions regarding the costs and risks associated with the technology, telecommunications market, and legal regulations of these networks. This paper presents the techno‐economic analysis of single‐channel and multichannel Ethernet passive optical network implementation in different urban environments since urban areas are currently associated with the need for the delivery of more advanced value‐added services. In order to get realistic results, the techno‐economic study has been applied to different urban areas in the city of Belgrade, capital of Serbia. Cost/benefit analysis is performed in order to determine the most influential parameters and give general guidelines for the deployment of new‐generation optical access networks in different environments. Analysis also shows that the price for new services that a customer needs to pay is competitive in the market today.


In the paper,it is briefly described the methods of transpose operation for large and super large BMP image file with the programming language Delphi as well as analyzed the existing problems of present algorithm. Moreover,it is proposed to abandon such intermediate links as specific language and control based on the algorithm as well as such factors as relative hardware and disk storage the algorithm involved are not suitable for transposition of super large files. As a result,the problems are solved with direct memory operations as means as well as the performance analysis and results of tests in different conditions are given.


In the study of frequency modulation ranging radar, we lucubrate the way of range acquisition by changing modulate cycle and design the practical circuit. An integrated waveform generator (ICL 8038) is used as frequency conversion modulator in ranging radar. We use continuously varied volts do to control the voltage terminal of input, make output waveform its for triangular wave that frequency change in succession, utilize this triangle wave that frequency changes in succession to modulate the radio frequency signal, realize regular intermediate frequency come purpose that find range.


This paper first explores student understanding of some aspects of rigid body motion and in particular tries to expose intuitive ways of thinking. It illustrates that developing an understanding of rigid body motion is not easy, and that misconceptions that the students have with particle mechanics can be carried forward to cause further problems with rigid body motion. The paper goes on to describe some introductory activities that the authors believe would help students approaching rigid body dynamics for the first time.


It is known that mice bearing plasmacytomas have an impaired immune response to both thymus-dependent (TD) ~ and thymus-independent (TI) antigens (1-4). This effect is to a large extent unrelated to paraprotein production (5) and is greatest on the primary response, although decreases in the secondary response are frequent (1). Recently two IgD-producing plasmacytomas, called TEPC-1017 and -1033, have been described (6), but no reports on their ability to affect immune responses have appeared. In view of the presence of IgD on the surface of the majority of B cells, in spite of its extremely low representation in serum, many hypotheses about the role of IgD as a differentiation (7, 8) or proliferation (9) trigger of B cells have been put forth. The presence of IgD on B cells during TD immune responses in vitro appears to be particularly important (10). On the other hand, subpopulations of T cells are known to have receptors for Fc portions of a variety of Ig classes, including IgM (11), IgG (12), IgA (13), and IgE (14). Such cells have been shown to modulate immune responses both upward and downward (15-17). No T cell populations with receptors for IgD have been described. If such cells exist and can modulate the immune response, then it might be expected that IgD-secreting plasmacytomas would indirectly influence immune responses, since they would cause a marked change in serum IgD levels. In the present study, we show that TD immune responses of TEPC-1017and TEPC-1033-bearing mice are greatly enhanced and that treatment with IgDcontaining ascites fluid can mimic this effect of IgD-secreting plasmacytomas on the host.


New technologies have transformed the world into global networks, into virtual communities of information. Such vertiginous changes have taken us to the knowledge society, leaving the principles of the Industrial Revolution behind.The teaching profession does not seem to have changed together with the current times. Schools still aim to respond to the needs of the Enlightenment society with XXI-century tools. The prevailing school has not evolved from a modern society coming from the Industrial Revolution to a postmodern society imbued with the advancement of the media and new technologies, in which emotions predominate over concepts.This new society has meant a change in the students, born immersed in the use of new technologies, using them both inside and outside the classroom for any activity of their daily lives. They are called «digital natives» (Prenski, 2001). The students of the current school present different ways of perceiving and knowing, new attitudes and emerging values, a rational capacity that gives way to the symbolic. The new training of non-university teaching staff must take the new student into account, and define methodologies and educational content that reflect these changes.This research article is an analysis of the training of non-university teachers in general, and second language teachers in particular, deepening in the development of their key skills as a teacher, especially the digital competence, making a review of the literature related to the subject.


J'Rami Farm is a dairy farm located in Bogor. In financial management, the owner manually records sales transactions of milk, dairy products as well as expenditures for the purchase of feed, tofu dregs and employee salaries. Meanwhile, expense transactions for overhead costs such as electricity costs, fuel costs, depreciation costs and trade receivables have not been recorded routinely and completely. This causes the financial condition is not known with certainty, because every month the owner has not made a financial report. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the Lamikro application (micro business accounting reports) in the presentation of financial statements based on SAK EMKM. The Lamikro application is an application created by the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs which is expected to assist business people in making financial reports independently and according to SAK EMKM standards. The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative method through interviews and observations. The results showed that the use of the Lamikro application was able to help J'Rami Farm to present bankable financial reports and in accordance with Accounting Standards. The obstacle faced by the owner in using the application is the lack of understanding of accounting, while the limitation of the Lamikro application is that the user cannot edit and add accounts that match the business character of a business.


We study informed persuasion whereby a privately informed designer without ex ante commitment power chooses disclosure mechanisms to influence agents' actions. We characterize the subset of Bayes-correlated equilibria yielding every designer type a payoff higher than what they could get from any disclosure mechanism with credible beliefs. This set of interim optimal mechanisms is non-empty and tractable


Results of investigations at UC experiment stations reveal that irrigation equal to 14% or less of reference evapotranspiration (ETO) can be applied to established shrubs and ground covers with no apparent drought-related injury. Adaptation to stress by reduced irrigation during the 2 years preceding full reduction of irrigation eliminated most injury symptoms (such as wilting and leaf necrosis). Application of these findings to established landscapes should significantly reduce water use and the cost of removing excess vegetation.


In an innovation contest, an organizer seeks solutions to an innovation-related problem from a group of independent agents. Agents, who can be heterogeneous in their ability levels, exert efforts to improve their solutions, and their solution qualities are uncertain due to the innovation and evaluation processes. In this chapter, we present a general model framework that captures main features of a contest, and encompasses several existing models in the literature. Using this framework, we analyze two important decisions of the organizer: a set of awards that will be distributed to agents and whether to restrict entry to a contest or to run an open contest. We provide a taxonomy of contest literature, and discuss past and current research on innovation contests as well as a set of exciting future research directions.


The article presents the problems of functional tests of railway traffic control devices. The purpose and scope of the tests as well as the impact of testing on the SRK devices are presented. The methodology of selecting tests depending on the scope of research is proposed. For this purpose, the SRK devices were analyzed for functional and diagnostic properties. Keywords: functional tests, railway traffic control devices, tests


Previous studies have suggested that angiotensin (ANG) synthesis, receptor activation, or both, in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) are responsible for initiating ANG-related salt appetite in normotensive rats. The present study was designed to test whether treatment with saralasin (Sar), an ANG II antagonist, in the MnPO area causes changes in saline (0.3 M NaCl solution) and water intakes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), which is known to show greater salt appetite compared to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Treatment with Sar in the MnPO area produced significantly attenuated saline intake, but had no effect on water intake. The results may support the importance of the ANG system in the MnPO area for salt appetite, and suggest that a disorder in the system may cause abnormal salt intake in SHR.


Objective
To explore the correlation between spinal cord function and the risk of pressure injury in patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) .

Methods
A total of 65 patients with SDAVF treated in Neurosurgery Department in Xuanwu Hospital between March 2013 and December 2016 was carried out. The Modified Aminoff-Logue Score (mALS) and Braden pressure Ulcer Risk Factor Assessment Scale were used to evaluated the spinal cord and the risk of pressure ulcers of the patients with SADVF. Spearman was used to analyze the correlation.

Results
The Preoperative mALS was (5.15±2.62) , and the Braden score was (20.88±2.09) . The postoperative Braden score was (17.25±1.61) , The result of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the total score of preoperative mALS was negatively correlated with the total score of Braden (r=-0.597, P<0.01) .

Conclusions
Preoperative spinal cord function was slightly impaired in patients with SDAVF. The risk of postoperative pressure injury decreased when patients have better spinal cord function. The risk of pressure injury after operation is higher than that before operation.

Key words:
Pressure ulcer; Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula; Spinal function; Pressure sores; Correlation analysis


Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum Hort. cv. Scarletta plants were grown in controlled environment chambers under all combinations of 21 or 27°C temperature, 112,217, or 322 ^mol lrfV PAR, and 445 970, or 1 495 (j.1 I"1 C02 for two, four or six weeks. Seedlings under 27°C, 112 (imol m"V PAR, and 970 or 1 495 |il I"1 C02 were transplantable from plugs 31 days from sowing compared with 58 d for the slowest treaments. Seedling leaf area was largest under 27°C, 112 |imol irfV PAR, and 970 or 1 495 |xl 1~' C02 after four weeks but declined with greater photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and reduced temperature. In contrast, the combination of 27°C, 321 (imol m'V1 PAR, and 970 and 1 495 |jl I-1 C02 produced the greatest seedling dry weight after four weeks' treatment. Time to visible bud from sowing was shortest for seedlings that had received 27°C and 322 |amol m'V PAR for four weeks averaging 13 weeks compared with 17 weeks for plants of the slowest treatment. Few significant differences in finished plan...


Extended producer responsibility (EPR) policies seek to improve the environmental and social performance of products by holding producers and brand owners accountable for the entire lifecycle of their products. According to an academic definition, EPR is: a policy principle to promote total life cycle environmental improvements of product systems by extending the responsibilities of the manufacturer of the product to various parts of the entire life cycle of the product, and especially to the take-back, recycling and final disposal of the product.


. In the present investigation reflection and transmission of plane waves at an elastic half space and piezothermoelastic solid half space with fractional order derivative is discussed. The piezothermoelastic solid half space is assumed to have 6 mm type symmetry and assumed to be loaded with an elastic half space. It is found that the amplitude ratios of various reflected and refracted waves are functions of angle of incidence, frequency of incident wave and are influenced by the piezothermoelastic properties of media. The expressions of amplitude ratios and energy ratios are obtained in closed form. The energy ratios are computed numerically using amplitude ratios for a particular model of graphite and Cadmium Selenide (CdSe). The variations of energy ratios with angle of incidence are shown graphically. The conservation of energy across the interface is verified. Some cases of interest are also deduced from the present investigation.


Abstract The color pigments of six chili powders of different origins (China, Bali, Pakistan, Malaysia, India, and Thailand) were separated and quantified by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) using a narrow‐bore octadecylsilica column (Purospher, 125×3 mm I.D., Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), gradient elution, and diode array detector (DAD). The similarities and dissimilarities among the pigment composition of chili powders have been elucidated by principal component analysis (PCA). The RP‐HPLC separated 71–111 pigment fractions depending on the detection wavelength and on the origin of chili powder. The pigment composition of chili powders from Malayia and China showed marked similarities while the composition of pigments of other chili powders was different. It was concluded that RP‐HPLC–DAD can be successfully employed for the separation and quantitative determination of pigments of chili powders of various origins and may help the classification of chili powders and facilitate the authenticity test of such food products.


Thermal analysis for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) structure was performed using finite element analysis in ANSYS and I-DEAS. In the thermal analysis, the telescope structural parts with simplified optical assembly systems were modeled for various thermal conditions including air convections, conductions, heat flux loadings, and radiations. Thermal responses of the TMT telescope structure were predicted and the temperature distributions of the optical assembly systems were calculated under sample thermal loading conditions. The thermo-elastic analysis was made to obtain the thermal deformation based on the resulting temperature distributions. The line of sight calculation was made using the thermally induced structural deformations. The goal of this thermal analysis is to establish thermal models by the FEA programs to simulate for an adequate thermal environment. These thermal models can be utilized for estimating the thermal responses of the TMT structure. Thermal performance prediction of the TMT structure will be able to guide us to control and maintain the system from the "seeing" effects.


The study's goal is to synthesis novel benzodiazepine analogues, some of which are chalcones. The elemental analysis, infrared, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance examinations examined the structures of the newly produced substances. To test for anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, all substances bearing a descriptor were evaluated. Here, 1,5-(disubstituted phenyl)-2,4-pentadien-1-one derivatives are created from scratch using a new process. By condensing cinnamaldehyde with different aromatic ketones in the presence of 10% NaOH as a base, 1,5-(disubstituted phenyl)-2,4-pentadien-1-one was produced. 2-(substituted phenyl)-3-styryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzodiazepine derivatives were synthesised from 1,5-(disubstituted phenyl)-2,4-pentadien-1-one on cyclization with o-phenylene diamine in the presence of NaOH as base. Carrageenan and formalin-induced rat paw edoema technique was used to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the final synthesised benzodiazepine derivatives. Compared to the usual ascorbic acid and diclofenac sodium, the compounds displayed significant anti-inflammatory effect. This means that nitro, chloro, fluoro, and bromo included electron withdrawing groups, which caused an increase in anti-inflammatory action. Most of the produced drugs had strong anti-inflammatory efficacy.


Summary Thiobenzoate and its o-fluoro-and m-fluoro-derivatives were shown to inhibit the growth of certain fungi and gram-positive bacteria at concentrations below 100 μg/ml. Gram-negative bacteria were not affected at concentrations below 1000 μg/ml. Inhibition of growth of susceptible cells was antagonized by sulfite, cysteine, cystine, thioglycollate, and glutathione; sulfate and methionine were not antagonistic. A cell-free sulfate reduction system from yeast was inhibited by each thiobenzoate. It was concluded that inhibition of the microbial sulfate reduction system may be the principal antimicrobial mechanism.


The present qualitative study aimed to provide some insights from common difficulties English language teachers face while working with immigrant children. The research adopted a Grounded Theory design. The data were collected from 6 female English language teachers working at different types of state schools by using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Interviews were first transcribed and emerging categories were analyzed. The findings showed that difficulties experienced at each school type were different. Teachers developed various strategies to be able to cope with these difficulties. Based on the data and the findings of the study, a number of recommendations were provided by the researchers and the participating teachers. It is assumed that the participating teachers' experiences explored and discussed in this paper will provide baseline information for those teachers who have newly encountered the phenomenon in their teaching contexts.


A man's social relationship influences the degree of his/her life development,and the development level of his or her ideological and moral quality and legal quality,which requires we should take the socialist core value system as its main content of Ideological and Moral Cultivation and the Legal Basis course.The social relationship in itself is not unsystematic,and the social adjustment makes it have its order and standard in the field of the public life,which manifests the norm system of maintaining the public life with the moral norm and legal norm as the main contents in the field of the public life,thus forming human code of conduct.


In order to have a better understanding of the species diversity of vascular plants in Chongqing Municipality,southwest China,we conducted extensive field investigations and specimen collections recently in Chongqing and adjacent regions.Based on field observations of plants in their living habitats and comparative morphological studies on specimens in herbarium of Chongqing Normal University(CTC) and other available herbaria as well,two angiosperm species,Rhynchospora brownii(Cyperaceae) and Oreocharis henryana(Gesneriaceae),were determined the first time naturally distributed in Chongqing.For the species,R.brownii were found occurring at Mt.Gele(Gele Shan),a suburban mountain range in western downtown Chongqing,and neighboring areas,and O.henryana on the south bank of the Three Gorges Reservoir of the Yangtze in Wanzhou District,northeast Chongqing metropolis.Images of morphological features of the two newly recorded species were provided to facilitate their identification.Morphological distinctiveness of the two species and their diagnostic characters to respective affined species were given,and the known geographical distributions of the two species and their affinities were discussed.To date,Mt.Gele and its neighboring areas is the north boundary of R.brownii,and Wanzhou District the most eastern frontier of O.henryana.The altitudes of both places were the lowest recores of the two species individually.


Transfer learning is a machine learning technique which has demonstrated great success in improving outcomes on a broad range of problems. However prior methods of transfer learning in Genetic Programming (GP) have tended to rely on random processes or meta-knowledge of the problem structure to facilitate selection of information for use in transfer. To address these issues, a non-random method for automatically finding relevant information for transfer between two source domain problems from the same problem domain based on common subtrees is proposed. This information is then utilised within a modular transfer learning framework, being added to the function set for a target problem prior to population initialisation. The performance of the proposed method is assessed using multiple benchmark problems from two distinct problem domains, namely symbolic regression and Boolean domain problems, and compared to standard GP and the-state-of-the-art transfer learning method for the given problems. The results show that the newly introduced method has either significantly outperformed, or achieved comparable performance to, the competitor methods on the problems of the two domains. We conclude that the proposed method demonstrates ability as a general transfer learning technique for GP and note some possible avenues for future research based off these results.


In view of the incompatible problem between the existing monitoring system and equipment, according to the requirements and standards in Safety Regulations in Coal Mine and MT/T 899-2000 Communication Transmission Equipment for Coal Mine, the paper studies the communication protocol of mine monitoring system in addition to design the communication protocol of mine monitoring system which can satisfy the requirements of safety production and modern management, and is up to the standard. The results have an important meaning to solve the compatibility problem of the system.


Abstract Purpose To explore resilience in the context of whole‐person health and the social determinants of health at the individual and community levels using large, standardized nursing datasets. Design A retrospective, observational, correlational study of existing deidentified Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant data using the Omaha System and its equivalent, Simplified Omaha System Terms. Methods We used three samples to explore for patterns of resilience: pre‐COVID‐19 community‐generated data (N = 383), pre‐COVID‐19 clinical documentation data (N = 50,509), and during‐COVID‐19 community‐generated data (N = 102). Community participants used the My Strengths + My Health (MSMH) app to generate the two community datasets. The clinical data were obtained from the Omaha System Data Collaborative. We operationalized resilience as Omaha System Status scores of 4 (minimal signs or symptoms) or 5 (no signs or symptoms) as a discrete strengths measure for each of 42 Omaha System problem concepts. We used visualization techniques and standard descriptive and inferential statistics for analysis. Findings It was feasible to examine resilience, operationalized as strengths by problem concept, within existing Omaha System or Simplified Omaha System Terms (MSMH) data. We identified several patterns indicating strengths and resilience that were consistent with literature related to community connectedness for community participants, and sleep for individuals in the clinical data. Conclusions When used consistently, the Omaha System within MSMH enabled robust data collection for a comprehensive, holistic assessment, resulting in better whole‐person data including strengths, and enabled us to discover a potentially useful approach for defining resilience in new ways using standardized nursing data. Clinical Relevance The notion that how we assess individuals and communities (i.e., the completeness of our assessments in relation to whole‐person health) determines what we can know about resilience is seemingly in opposition to the critical need to decrease documentation burden, despite the potential to shift from a problem deficit‐based assessment to one of strengths and resilience. However, a patient‐facing comprehensive assessment that includes resilience and the social determinants of health can provide a transformative, whole‐person platform for strengths‐based care and population management.


The morphological luminosity function is obtained assuming that galaxies form only at high-density regions with the matter distribution represented by a filtered Gaussian random field. The results obtained for cold dark matter spectra (adiabatic and isocurvature fluctuations) with Omega = 1 are compared with observations for galaxies of different Hubble types, finding that both scenarios provide distributions that are close to the observations for global thresholds between the values of 2.5 and 3 and standard mass-luminosity ratios for each type. In every case, a bell-shaped luminosity function was found, which looks similar for each morphological type but differing in the mean luminosity. 33 references.


Because of a complex system of participant-verb agreement, the Lenape verb has a fascinating role in the structure of a sentence. Not only does the verb contain enough information about the nominal elements in the sentence to make a separate pronoun for the subject and object unnecessary, but it identifies what grammatical role each nominal element will play. It goes about this in a somewhat round-about way, assigning each participant to a morphological category, which itself does not indicate the grammatical role, but is assigned the grammatical role by a separate morpheme called a theme sign. In this thesis, I undertake to make the fascinating basics of Lenape verbal morphology, primarily as described by Goddard in his dissertation Delaware Verbal Morphology: A Descriptive and Comparative Study, more readily accessible. 1 Thanks to Jen Johnson and Charlie Huntington for their helpful feedback on this work. Thanks also to my advisor Nathan Sanders, my Lenape teacher Shelley DePaul, and Ted Fernald. All errors are my own. 2 Table of


The experiment was carried out by foliar spray of amino acid,humic acid and potassium sulfate in order to research the effect of nutrition on pineapple aroma.The result showed that esters,lactones,furanoids and sulfur compounds were the important compounds of pineapple.Compared to CK experiment,nutrition experiments had more aroma compounds,and the aroma contents of amino acid experiment had the highest.3-(Methylthio)propanoic acid ethyl ester,ethyl ester octanoic acid,ethyl ester decanoic acid were the important compounds in nutrition experiments,2-methyl-butanoic acid methyl ester,methyl ester octanoic acid,α-Copaene had the higher contents in CK experiment.So foliar spray of amino acid contributed more to aroma of pineapple.


A special collection of advertising materials at the San Diego State University Library, known as the Advertising Resources Center, was disbanded an integrated into the library's collections in 1986. The methods employed,and labor costs associated with the disbandment are detailed. Processing costs determined in this study were substantially lower than those generally reported for processing of new materials. Suggestions are provided for sustaining low costs in similar projects.


Summary The combination of high fidelity and late time channels make SQUID magnetometers an attractive sensor for deep and highly conducting targets. Here we focus upon a data set acquired over the Lalor Lake VMS deposit. The deposit consists of a zinc zone between 700m and 1000m depth and a deeper gold/copper zone. The SQUID data set had previously been interpreted using the plate modeling to yield two conductors respectively corresponding to the zinc zone and the gold-copper zone. In this paper we invert these data with our 3D TEM inversion algorithm to produce a 3D voxel conductivity volume. Our 3D model recovers a shallow dipping conductor, which coincides well with the plate model of the zinc zone, as well as a large conductor below 1000m depth. Our inversion is done without incorporating prior knowledge and there is always the potential that large features at depth can be an artifact of the inversion algorithm. To investigate this, and to have confidence, or not, in the existence of the deep body, we carry out a hypothesis analysis where we attempt to find a model that does not have a high conductivity at depth. Forward modeling and subsequent inversion confirms that there must be another conductor below the zinc zone. Much of the concentration of conductivity lies near the region indicated by the initial blind inversion, but the amplitudes and distribution are different. Nevertheless, despite lack of knowledge about geometric details, there is some highly conductive material at depth and it would warrant a drill hole. In a final analysis we look at the relative merits of using B or dB/dt for the particular geometry of this survey. We generate synthetic B and dB/dt data based on our inversion model of Lalor Lake deposit. While the B-field data inversion recovers the correct locations and geometries of the two compact conductors, the dB/dt inversion shows the shallow conductor in a distorted geometry and the deep conductor as a blurred conductive region with conductivity much smaller than the true model. This demonstrates that B-field data can be are superior to dB/dt data for this survey in which we have surface transmitters and receivers.


Vibrational spectral analysis was carried out for 4-methoxy-2-methyl benzoic acid (4M2MBA) by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) (solid, gas phase) and FT-Raman spectroscopy in the range of 400–4000 and 10–3500 cm−1 respectively. The effects of molecular association through OH···O hydrogen bonding have been described by the single dimer structure. The theoretical computational density functional theory (DFT) and Hatree-Fock (HF) method were performed at 6–311++G(d,p) levels to derive the equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities. The scaled theoretical wavenumbers were also shown to be in good agreement with experimental data. The first-order hyperpolarizability (β0) of this novel molecular system and related properties (β, α0 and Δα) of 4M2MBA are calculated using the B3LYP/cc-pvdz basis set, based on the finite-field approach. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 4M2MBA is reported. The theoretical spectrograms for FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecule were also constructed and compared with the experimental one. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


its infancy the rule in Serrano v. Priest has been widely misunderstood as a norm of equality in educational spending. The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and the media in general persist in this delusion; even some California legislators remain innocent of the truth. Nor is the judiciary itself immune; the New Jersey Supreme Court has been suffering this fantasy version of Serrano since 1973. Maybe there is no cure for this egalitosis, but one last time recall that the decision tolerates differences in spending of any magnitude. The rule in Serranocommonly known as "fiscal neutrality"holds only that spending may not be affected by the amount of available taxable wealth per pupil. Dollars for a child's education may not be made to differ according to the presence in his district of oil wells or shopping centers. Why such a rule? Because the proximity of oil wells is irrelevant to both the child's needs and any other legitimate policy goal of education. That is all Serrano says. This conclusion need not interfere with spending $5,000 of tax money per child in Beverley Hills, if someone could suggest a reason for doing such a thing, and in fact someone has. That reason is local willingness to sacrifice for education. There are finance systems available which stress local preference. They are called "power equalizing" and make it possible for highrolling lighthouse districts to exist, imposing the sole condition that such districts bear a local tax rate commensurate with that borne historically by their poorer neighbors. All Serrano forbids is high spending with a low tax rate. It would not cramp the style of anyone who cares enough to spend the very most. Consider the following fiscally neutral system for a state. It comes in three parts. First, the state gives each district $1,000 per pupil from general revenue. Second, from the same source come varying amounts for high cost areas, vocational schools, bilingual instruction, the gifted, desegregationindeed for anything rational. Third,


The standard scintillation probe used in positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) consists of an electron photomultiplier tube (PMT) and BaF2 scintillator [1, 2]. The BaF2 is characterized by the very fast scintillation emission with a time of 800 ps at 220 nm [3]. However, the use of an electron photomultiplier significantly reduces the convenience of system outside the laboratory and in conditions of high magnetic fields (e.g. in connection with NMR). A new approach to more handy detection devices consists in application of SiPMs. The main features of SiPMs are: amplification comparable to photomultiplier tube (PMT), small dimensions (down to 1×1 mm2), low bias voltage (∼ 26 V) and the ability to work in magnetic fields [4]. The aim of our tests is to show which combination of elements will be the best for the PALS applications and allow to create a new mobile PALS spectrometer (mPALS). Main advantages of such an mPALS are: reduced size, increased safety in hazardous environment (no high voltage), and insensitivity to magnetic field fluctuations (which is the main weakness of PMT's).


Image of Joyce Wieland seated on a bench in front of her artwork at the Isaacs Art Gallery, 832 Yonge St.


This technical report provides a detailed review of the methods used and the data gathered for this survey. The report also provides copies of the research instruments used in this survey.


STUDIES of the methods of transmission of traditional plays have been limited both in number and approach. Until comparatively recently, few scholars concerned themselves with the processes by which plays were communicatedthe majority of studies of traditional drama concentrating almost exclusively on the implications of the customs' presumed origin in the rituals of prehistory. The means and processes by which such performances could have been maintained from this distant time to the present were, however, rarely discussed. In such brief examinations of the transmission of traditional plays as were attempted, two primary means of communication were treated as antipathetic. Almost all studies of traditional drama propose that oral transmission is the sole authentic mode of communication for the plays. Further, it is widely suggested that the use of printed versions of play texts can only have a deleterious effect upon resulting performances. This discussion of the relationship between chapbook versions of traditional play texts and performed traditional plays has two main aims. Firstly, it is intended to examine the theories of oral and literary transmission of traditional plays put forward by past scholars in the field. Subsequently, using the results of recent researches, an alternative view of the effects of chapbook play texts and their inter-relationship with other forms of transmission in performed plays will be demonstrated. Thus, it is hoped that a more balanced approach to the study of the processes and effects of the transmission of traditional plays will be achieved.


From January 1988 to October 1993, forty-five patients with histologically confirmed intracranial malignant gliomas were treated with post-operative radiation therapy in our department. They were subjected to this analysis according to the extent of surgery, postoperative Karnofsky performance status, age, histology grading, sex, radiation doses, and presence or absence of seizures. There were 26 males and 19 females between 11 and 67 years of age. The median survival for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme was 11.9 and 11.5 months, respectively. The postoperative Karnofsky performance status, extent of surgery, and the multiplicity of lesions were identified as significant prognostic factors.


Composite ab initio methods and density functional theory(DFT) methods were used to calculate accurate bond dissociation energies(BDEs) of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine(UDMH).It is found that the results calculated by composite ab initio methods are in good agreement with literature values for all other types of bonds of the molecule except the N-C bond.Of the results calculated by DFT methods,BMK gives very similar results with composite ab initio methods.For the N-H and C-H bonds,B3P86 performs slightly better than BMK,while B3LYP generally underestimates the BDEs of UDMH.Restricted open(RO) shell method is superior to unrestricted(U) method due to spin contamination.The results show that the BDEs of N-N and N-C bonds are the smallest in UDMH.


This paper describes investigations into the effects of initial surface finish and load on the topography and crystallography of the equilibrium surfaces produced by the repeated sliding of electrographite brushes on copper rings, using the complementary techniques of reflection electron microscopy and reflection electron diffraction. It is shown that a change in initial surface roughness of the copper rings has a significant effect on the topography but very little effect on the crystallography of the final equilibrium surfaces. On the other hand, it is shown that changes in load cause drastic changes in the state of orientation of the graphite crystallites in these surfaces. Furthermore, the associated changes in the final coefficients of friction are found to obey a more complex law than that proposed by Porgess and Wilman (1960) from their experiments with rubbed reactor graphite. The change of surface orientation with load is tentatively explained in terms of a proposed twinning of the near-perfect graphitic regions, i.e. the mosaic blocks, of the electrographite.


CONTEXT
Ghrelin may be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying risk factor clustering observed in the metabolic syndrome, but this has not been investigated.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this work was to study the association between ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome and identify social and behavioral determinants of ghrelin.

DESIGN
This was a cross-sectional study.

SETTING
The setting of this work was the Rancho Bernardo Study.

PARTICIPANTS
Study subjects included 1513 men and women, aged 51-90 yr in 1984-1987.

OUTCOMES
Total ghrelin, measured by RIA, and the metabolic syndrome, defined using Adult Treatment Panel III diagnostic criteria, were the outcome measures.

RESULTS
Levels of ghrelin (mean +/- SD) did not differ between the 848 men (1451 +/- 532 pg/ml) and the 665 women (1459 +/- 672 pg/ml) or by age. Education, alcohol intake, and smoking history were each significantly and positively associated with ghrelin in a dose-related manner, independent of body mass index (BMI). Compared with participants with the lowest third of ghrelin levels, the age- and sex-adjusted odds of having the metabolic syndrome were 18% lower in the middle third and 53% lower in the highest third. This corresponds to a 21% decrease per SD increase in ghrelin (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.69, 0.89; P < or = 0.001); this was attenuated to 13% (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.75, 1.01; P = 0.07), after adjustment for BMI. Of the five metabolic syndrome components, only the association between ghrelin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was independent of BMI. A significant association independent of BMI was also observed between insulin and ghrelin.

CONCLUSIONS
Ghrelin levels are influenced by lifestyle factors. The inverse association between endogenous ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome is largely explained by the strong ghrelin-BMI association.


DEAR SIR, I was interested in the report by Lecrubier ci at in theJournal (April 1980, 136, 354—8). Our research group undertook a trial of another beta-adrenergic stimulant, orciprenaline (Wheatley, 1975), in which we were unable to demonstrate any antidepressant effect from that drug. However, we used oral administration and I note that the authors of the present paper resorted to intravenous infusion, because of the †̃¿ low bioavailability' of salbutamol by the oral route. Indeed, the authors comment that further research in this area may be difficult, as there is "¿ no orally suitable drug . . . available to date―. Both salbutamol and orciprenaline are used, mainly by oral administration, by patients suffering from asthma, for which indication they are remark ably effective. One wonders therefore what differences there may be with regard to bioavailability, in the treatment ofdepression on the one hand and of asthma on the other. Possibly the explanation lies in the fact that orciprenaline (at least) would not appear to pass the blood brain barrier (Dengler, 1966), although in our study we postulated a possible peripheral action analagous to that ofbeta-adrenergic blocking drugs in


Since global studies on the health risk assessment of heavy metals in foodstuffs, including biscuits, potato chips, chocolates, and traditional pastries are limited, hence, this study was conducted to determine the contents and the human health risk assessment of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) via the consumption of different brands of these foodstuffs.In this descriptive study, a total of 84 samples of 28 brands/kinds of food under consideration were collected from a market basket in city of Hamedan, Iran in 2016. After preparation and processing the samples in the laboratory, the metal concentrations were measured using the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). In addition, all statistical analyses including One-Way ANOVA and one-sample t test were performed using the SPSS statistical package (Version 19). The results showed that the mean concentrations (mg kg-1) of Pb in all the foodstuff samples (2.25 ± 0.76 for biscuits, 1.60 ± 0.35 for potato chips, 2.61 ± 0.68 for chocolates, and 3.66 ± 0.64 for traditional pastries) were higher than the Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL).Furthermore, the computed health risk index showed no potential risk for adults and children via consumption of the studied foodstuffs under the current consumption rate.Based on the results, as the mean contents of Pb observed in all the foodstuff samples exceeded the MPL, serious attention toward the discharge of pollutants into the environment and chemical residue monitoring, especially of heavy metals in foodstuffs, is recommended.


This article describes the graphics facilities of the R language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. There is a brief introduction to basic plotting functions in R, followed by a description of the organisation of R graphics into coherent and consistent sets of graphics functions, plus an indication of what sorts of plots each set of functions can produce. There is also a brief discussion of the limitations of R graphics.


The composite control strategy of CA-CMAC and ILC is adopted to solve the inverse kinematic problem of the redundant DOF manipulator during its real-time and high-precision tracking on the three-dimensional space target trajectory. A direct inverse model control strategy is adopted, in which CA-CMAC takes the current joint angles and the desired position increment of the manipulator as the input, and estimates the expected joint angle increments of the manipulator using the system history control experience. Then the estimated joint angles are taken as the initial value of the ILC module by which the control effect is improved iteratively. Based on the MATLAB, the tracking controls of linear and circular space target trajectories were simulated respectively. The results show that CA-CAMC and ILC composite control has better tracking precision and stability than CMAC control, while keeping the joint angles of the manipulator continuous and smooth during trajectory tracking.


This paper concentrates on the provisioning of services using point-to-point protocol (PPP) and label switching scheme in IP over dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) access networks. For the reason of usefulness of the PPP and the efficiency of the label switching technique in access networks, the authors propose three solutions for end-to-end or end-to-provider communication on the optical access networks. Three solution candidates for access networks are 10 Gigabit Ethernet network, resilient packet ring (RPR) network, and passive optical network (PON). These topologies have their own advantages. The article shows how to use these architectures properly in the access networks with the PPP and label switching techniques over a DWDM layer.


The anatomical structure and physical properties of wood change signifcantly among trees of the same species and even among different parts of the same tree. However, studies that characterize radial variation of anatomical characteristics and wood density among clones are scarce, specifcally for the rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Will. ex Adr. De Juss.) Muell]. Thus, the objective of the research was evaluating the anatomical radial variation and density in wood of Hevea brasiliensis clones. For this study, 30 trees, three of each progeny from 10 clones were used. For most clones, we noticed an increase in fber length and vessel diameter towards the bark. For vessel frequency, ray height, width and frequency, we observed a decrease towards the bark. Fiber wall thickness was the most distinctive anatomical characteristic, compared to the others, presenting a trend of thicker walls in the middle position, consequently infuencing basic density clones.


Leakage of Gd‐DTPA through a defective blood‐brain barrier is measured quantitatively using dynamic MRI scanning, in which repeated scans are made after a bolus injection. Image registration artifacts are minimized; a dose of 0.1 mM/kg and an IR sequence enable enhancement to be measured quantitatively. The triexponential enhancement curve is fitted to a theoretical model based on compartmental analysis. The transfer constant, or permeability surface area product per unit volume of tissue (k), and leakage space per unit volume of tissue (y) are measured. Estimates for a quickly enhancing multiple sclerosis lesion are k = 0.050 min−1, v1 = 21%; for a slow one k = 0.013 min−1, v1 = 49%. This implies permeability in the range 4‐17 × 10−6 cm s−1, in broad agreement with other physiological methods. The method is noninvasive and can be used to make serial measurements in patients and in experimental animal models. The time course of pathological aspects of diseases with blood‐brain barrier breakdown, such as multiple sclerosis, tumors, and infections (e.g., HIV) can be studied, along with their response to therapy. The measurements are of physiological variables and are therefore independent of imaging equipment and field. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.


This study focuses on simulating the impacts of wind farm wake due to changes in the Mellor-Yamanda-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme in a high-resolution mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for a non-flat region in Turkey. This is the first study with a comprehensive evaluation of simulated wind farm wake impact responses to changes in the MYNN PBL scheme in the WRF model. Our results show that the WRF-WFP solutions for the wind farm wake impact significantly change with a change in the MYNN PBL scheme. In addition, the incorrect TKE advection and the correction factor of 0.25 for the TKE coefficient in wind farm parametrization (WFP) cause incorrect wind farm wake impacts especially on TKE and air temperature. Our study also shows that modifications in the mixing length create greater changes in simulated wind farm wake impacts than activation of the mass-flux scheme. In this study, the relative contributions of WFP's components are also evaluated.


This study determines the effect of classwide peer-assisted learning strategy (CWPALS) on students' academic performance on the use of automotive diagnostic tools in colleges of education in North-east, Nigeria. The rational of the study was that CWPALS supports collaborative learning that encourages partnership among peers with students as teachers and teachers as facilitators of learning. The study employed true experimental Pretest posttest equivalent research design. A sample size of twentyfour (24) NCE III students participated in this study. 12 students each were assigned as experimental and control group. The experimental group was designed to promote class-wide peer assisted learning, where deliberate opportunities are provided for students to act as teachers and teachers as facilitators. An automotive diagnostic tools assessment instrument adapted from NPOWER/NADDC was used for data collection. The assessment comprises of 30-items that measure the extent of students' performance in using automotive diagnostic tools The instrument has a reliability of 0.81 calculated using Cronbach alpha. T-test was used for the analysis of the data using SPSS software. The findings of the study reveals that here was a significant difference in the student's academic performance in favour of the experimental group. Based on this finding, the study recommends that training should be conducted for lecturers of automobile technology in FCE (T) in northeast, Nigeria should imbibe the use of CWPALS in teaching the use of automotive diagnostic tools. Keywords— Class-Wide Peer Assisted Learning Strategy, Automotive Diagnostic Tools, Federal Colleges of Education, Demonstration Method of Teaching, Automobile Technology and Academic Performance. INTRODUCTION The system of education in Nigeria that provides training for skill acquisition, economic development, and emancipation of citizens from poverty is Technical and Vocational Education (TVE). Kehinde and Adewuyi (2015) believes that Vocational and Technical Education has been integral part of national development strategies in many societies because of the impact on human resource development, productivity and economic development. It holds the key to national development of most nations. In the same vein, Vijay (2017) states that, Technical Education is instrumental in making the remarkable contribution to economic growth of the developing countries by way of suitable manpower production according to the needs of the Industry, Society and the Global World as a whole. The improvements made in the area of Technical and Vocational Education seemed to be in consonance with the economic development of Nigeria. Nwosu and Micah (2017) asserted that the policy statement on Education of 1925 helped in uplifting not only the image of Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria but also fast tracking the economic growth and development of the country. Technical Institutions in Nigeria are the ones that metamorphosed into Technical Colleges at lower level and Colleges of Education at higher level (Bisalla & Adeyemi, 2016). These Colleges of Education (Technical) offer technical and vocational courses among which is Automobile Technology. Automobile itself as it is known today, evolved through a series of technological advancements. This assertion was supported by Helderman (2012) who pointed out that for centuries, man either walked or used animals to provide power for transportation. After the invention of electric, steam, and gasoline propulsion systems, people used self-propelled vehicles, which are vehicles that moved under their own power. Gill (2016) categorized automobile systems and their sub-systems as: Body and chassis system, engine system, electrical system and power train system, with the advent of modern technology, computer system now formed part of today's automobile. Thus, the incorporation of sensors, actuators, electronic control units/modules (ECUs/ECMs) and so on which form the basis for engine management system and consequently gives room for computer engine diagnosis. UIJRT | United International Journal for Research & Technology | Volume 02, Issue 04, 2021 | ISSN: 2582-6832 All rights are reserved by UIJRT.COM. 2 Engine diagnosis are the techniques involved with identifying and assessing problems that may negatively affect the normal operation of a vehicle. In this era of advanced technological change in modern automobiles, identifying and assessing problems in vehicles have become more sophisticated and needs more advanced diagnostic tools in order to be able to identify a problem. This prompted the use of Computer diagnostic tools which is required for most modern cars; According to Helderman (2012), Computer diagnostics are software programs designed to scan the hard disk and other computer hardware components of a computer system, and identify any issues that may be hampering the overall performance of that system. Many diagnostic utilities of this type also have the capability of correcting those issues, and thus restoring full function to the system immediately after the diagnostics session is completed. Diagnostic tools have to be used accurately with great expertise and precision for a problem to be thoroughly checked, traced and diagnosed before proper repair can take place. Using these diagnostic tools by the Automobile Technology Education students of Federal Colleges of Education is now imperative as most modern vehicles are fitted with ECUs/ECMs which store fault codes that can only be accessed using such tools. But unfortunately, a lot of students of Automobile Technology in Colleges of Education are graduating without the necessary skills needed to use the diagnostic tools effectively and efficiently despite being in the curriculum as part of engine management system which falls under engine service and repair (Shehu, Birma, Rufai, Eric, Jibrin, & Zubairu, 2016). Freund (2013) emphasized that one of the keys to the quality of the TVET is the method of instruction employed by instructors and learning styles imbibed by students. Going by this statement it is evident that instructional approach is a key component in imparting the necessary knowledge and skills needed for effective use of automotive diagnostic tools. A report by UNESCO-UNEVOC (2019) concluded that TVET form of education has not lived up to its expectation in terms of achieving its goals in Nigeria and suggested that this development could be as a result of not implementing a workable mode of delivery for


PVA/zinc acetate composite fibers were prepared using sol-gel processing and electrospinning technique.The pure inorganic ZnO nanofibers with a diameter of 100 nm were obtained after the precursor fibers were calcined at 600 ℃.ZnO nanofibers were characterized by TG-DTA,FT-IR,XRD and SEM,respectively.The results showed that acid fuchsin solution was mineralized in aqueous containing ZnO nanofibers upon radiation with sun light and the decoloration rate was close to 93% at 65 min.In addition,the repeated use of ZnO nanofibers after 4 times,and its photo-catalytic degradation rate is still above 70%.This clearly shows that ZnO nanofibers have good photocatalytic properties.


In this contribution, we review the state-of-the-art of detector technologies applied to the particle therapy (PT) field. The increase of interest in PT has recently triggered a lot of efforts devoted to the improvement of all the treatment technological aspects. In this review, we have focused our attention on the recent beam delivery monitoring developments and on the study and implementation of the novel dosimetry and microdosimetry techniques.


A MeOH extract from the stem bark of Artocarpus gomezianus showed DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Bio-assay guided fractionation of this MeOH extract led to the isolation of four flavonoids, namely artonin E (1), cycloartobiloxanthone (2), artobiloxanthone (3) and (+)-catechin (4). These compounds were shown to possess recognizable DPPH free radical scavenging activity and appreciable inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in murine macrophage-like cells.

 Key words: Artocarpus gomezianus, flavonoids, free radical scavenging, nitric oxide.


Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-Cell Lymphoma (SPTL) is a very rare form of skin lymphoma that is localized primarily to the subcutaneous adipose tissue without palpable involvement of the lymph nodes. Diagnosis of SPTCL is a challenge as clinical features are non specific and mimic benign conditions. Unless there is expertise in oncopathology and strong suspicion, biopsy is also difficult to interpret. Due to misdiagnosis, steroids are started early which mask the disease leading to further delay in seeking appropriate care. We present here an illustrative case of a young lady with symptoms mimicking collagen vascular disease and diagnosis of SPTCL reached later.


The utility model relates to a switch cabinet control device with protection control units, which comprises an intelligent platform. The intelligent platform is connected with a current sampling and measuring unit, a clock unit, a switch value input unit, a switch value output unit, a memory unit, a voice prompting unit, an infrared metering unit, a human induction unit and a temperature/humidity measurement/control unit respectively. The intelligent platform is further connected with a key for inputting the signal of controlling the working state of the switch cabinet control device. A display output unit connected with the intelligent platform outputs and displays the working state information of the switch cabinet control device. Besides the functions of one-step dynamic simulation figure and temperature/humidity measurement and control, the switch cabinet control device serves the functions of power comprehensive parameter measurement, electric network quality analysis and power protection. Therefore, the switch cabinet control device integrates the original temperature/humidity measurement/control device and the power metering device and meets the requirements for simplified design for the clients, simple control and multiple functions.


ABSTRACT Critical race feminists call attention to the ways in which multiple and overlapping forms of privilege and discrimination shape individual experiences and perspectives. In this article, we argue that judiciaries cannot be fully inclusive if their composition does not reflect a society's intersecting sources of disadvantage. We consider intersectional inclusion on high courts from a comparative perspective. Most existing practices of representation on high courts promote the inclusion of groups as if they are internally homogenous. We explore the attempts at and successes of promoting intersectional inclusion in the context of the high courts of Canada and South Africa. Although the inclusion of marginalized subgroups such as black women has not been automatic in South Africa, its progress is further along than Canada in promoting intersectional diversity on the highest court.


The complete solution to the penny shaped crack problem, obtained previously by the author, in combination with the reciprocal theorem, is being used for derivation of the governing integral equations for the title problem. The derived set of equations is non singular and can be solved numerically with desired degree of accuracy. An approximate analytical solution is suggested for the general case. The case of two qua1 coaxial cracks under axisymmetric loading is considered in detail. The problem reduced in this case to just one integral equation which is non singular and can be solved by any regular method. The numerical results in this case are in agreement with those of Ufliand. The practical utility of the derived results goes well beyond just the crack interaction. The governing equations can be used to describe, for ezample, interaction of cracks with inclusions. Yet another application to use governing equations to describe interactions inside a half space. This can be achieved by designating one o...


This aims of this thesis are to analyze the elements and
Compositions of architectural planes in the formal structure.
In the conceptual aspect,the importance of plane has been
emphasized for a long time in the view of formal composition
of architecture.
Especially in mordern architecture, the concepts of plane played
 more important role than any other period. Therefore, in this
thesis I mainly studied how the planes were composed and what
were the compositional principles to determine the architectural
forms in modern architecture.


At the 1995 ISTAHC Board meeting in Stockholm, there was a proposal to change the name of the Society. The main concern seemed to be that the term "technology" very often, and mistakenly, alludes to machines, and it is so interpreted by many decision makers. We are now informed by the ISTAHC Newsletter (1) that Seymour Perry was asked to conduct a survey, for which, happily, he just reported the results. In short, the verdict is that it is best to "let sleeping dogs lie." With the occasion of a similar effort, carried out in the framework of the EURASSESS Project, to define health care technology assessment, I would like to offer some thoughts that may reopen the debate. Only, this time the argument is not with "technology," which I also believe we have to live with, but with "care." I will try to be explicit and brief. In the literature dealing with health technology assessment we come across a variety of terms, the most often used being:


ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to estimate prevalence and nature of various musculoskeletal injuries in populations of free-ranging rhesus macaques in Shivalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh in Northern India. Data were collected over a period of 2 years and analyzed in relation to sex, age-group and season. In total, 1522 (44.6%) cases of musculoskeletal injuries were recorded; of these, 645 (47.1%) were males and 877 (43%) were females. Data revealed that differences observed between sex, season and age were statistically significant. Musculoskeletal injuries were more common during winter season followed by monsoon and then summer (27.4%). Males (47.1%) were injured more frequently than females (43.1%), while adults (47.9%) were injured more frequently than juvenile (42.8%) and young ones (28.8%). Of all the musculoskeletal injuries, wounds (84.5%) were most common followed by fractures (7.2%), amputations (4.5%) and snares/pellets (3.9%). The result from present study indicated that musculoskeletal injuries were frequent in rhesus macaque population studied. Musculoskeletal injuries occurring throughout year likely reflect the multiple causes viz predation, disease, vehicle trauma and electrocution, which may act independently or jointly. Understanding the role primates play in local culture and religion, therefore, is essential for understanding the underlying basis of commensalisms and conflict.


Validity and reliability evidence is presented for the Vowel Matching Test (VMT), an instrument that measures primary grade children's ability to discriminate medial vowel sounds. The VMT consists of a series of seven picture sets, each set containing a stimulus picture and three item pictures. Based on the responses of 43 first-grade pupils, the results indicated that the VMT correlated .76 with a word recognition test. It exhibited an internal consistency coefficient of .78. The VMT may be useful for researchers studying early reading acquisition or for learning disability specialists diagnosing children referred for reading problems.


The autoxidation of Cu(I) complexes with imidazole and polyvinylimidazole derivatives was studied by observing the formation of the corresponding Cu(II) complexes with a stopped-flow technique. The reaction was second order and proportional to the concentrations of Cu(I) and oxygen. In the Cu(I)-imidazole complex pH variation was without effect in the range of 7.5-8.6. The oxidation rate of Cu(I).polyvinylimidazole complexes, on the other hand, decreased with a rise in pH. The activation parameters of the Cu(I)·polyvinylimidazole complexes, compared with those of the Cu(I).imidazole complex, were characterized by large enthalpic requirements coupled with favorable entropies of activation. This was explained by the fact that a conformational change in the polymeric ligands took place during oxidation.