1. Imaging and Characterization Lab, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia 2. Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 3. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada 4. Materials Science & Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia


A composite of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) decorated densely with 20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles has been prepared by a facile solvothermal method. The Fe3O4/r-GO composites are used as the anode material for lithium ion batteries, which show an extremely high initial discharge specific capacity of 1702 mAh/g. Compared with the pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the composite anode exhibits a higher capacity retention capability since its specific capacity fades very slowly and retains a value of 711 mAh/g after 30 cycles. The r-GO sheets worked as an ultra-thin and conductive substrate can not only prevent the detachment and agglomeration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, but also compensate for the volume change of Fe3O4 nanoparticles during the charge-discharge cycles, and thus extend the cycling life of the Fe3O4/r-GO composites electrode.


This research aims to demonstrate the use of GIS in Land Management as a case study Pifo parish in the province of Pichincha.

The situation in Ecuador shows various methodologies that have implemented or intend to apply in the country in both the planning as in Land use. One of them is called Plantel Methodology, the other one is Physical Planning, applied especially in southern provinces and in Carchi province; the methodology of Domingo Gomez Orea called Land Management , and the last one the hybrid proposal of Senplades which is mix of the methodologies described above.


Section 1 : Patterns of Growth and Development of Bone, Muscle and Fatty Tissue.- Historical and general review of growth and development.- Bovine compositional interrelationships.- Dressing percentage in relation to weight, sex and breed.- Development with age of the anatomical composition of the carcass of bulls.- Biochemistry of muscle in relation to growth.- Development of connective tissue and its characteristics.- Sources of variation in muscle weight distribution.- Variation and impact of muscle thickness.- Bone growth and development with particular reference to breed differences in carcass shape and lean to bone ratio.- A note on conformation and meat characteristics in beef carcasses.- Meat amino acid composition of calves and steers slaughtered between 200 kg and 500 kg live weight.- Myorheological, chemical and colour characteristics of meat in water buffalo and bovine calves slaughtered at 20, 28 and 36 weeks.- Assessment of changes in myofibre size in muscle.- Partition and distribution of fatty tissues.- Factors affecting the fatty acid composition of depot fats of cattle and other ruminants.- The development of adipose tissue in cattle.- The development of fat cells in different anatomical positions in carcasses of young bulls, heifers and cow-heifers.- Fatty acid composition of fat in water buffalo calves and bovine calves slaughtered at 20-28 and 36 weeks of age.- Effect of Finnish landrace and Galway breeds on carcass composition, fat distribution and fatty acid composition of different fat depots in lambs.- Discussion.- Section 2: Growth and Nutritional Efficiency and the Effects of Genotype, Sex, Hormones and their Interactions.- Biological models of quantifying growth and efficiency.- Some neuroendocrine aspects of growth.- Anabolic agents in beef production: their action as growth promoters.- Nutritional efficiency of protein and fat deposition.- Feed efficiency and genotype-nutrition interactions in growing animals, particularly in cattle for beef production.- Effect of energy level on growth and efficiency.- Influence of nutrition on the growth pattern of fattening bulls of two different breeds (Friesian and Simmental).- Influence of nutrition on body composition and carcass quality of fattening bulls of different breeds (German Friesian and Simmental).- Nitrogen utilisation of young fattening bulls kept on two different energy levels.- Genetic variations in growth and body composition of male cattle.- Effect of breed and interaction with nutrition.- Effect of siregroup within breeds on growth and efficiency and interaction with nutrition.- Efficiency of lean meat production by dairy steers.- Multibreed comparisons of body weight and food intake in cattle.- Influence of age, nutrient intake and body type on weight gain and body composition in young fattening bulls of the breeds German Schwarzbunte and German Fleckvieh.- Carcass composition of different breeds.- Growth rates and carcass composition of water buffalo calves and bovine calves slaughtered at 20, 28 and 36 weeks.- Discussion.- Section 3: Possibilities for the Improvement of Beef Production in Relation to the Customer's Requirements.- Possibilities for fulfilling trade and consumer requirements for meat quality in present and future beef production systems.- Targets for beef production in relation to market and consumer requirements.- Eating quality of buffalo and bovine calves slaughtered at 20-28 and 36 weeks of age.- Discussion.- Section 4: Methods of Quantifying Growth and Development.- Methods of quantifying growth and development: general review.- A survey of allometric analysis.- Growth curves: their nature, uses and estimation.- Nutritional models of growth.- Quantifying breed difference in shape.- An approach to the comparison of growth curves of Dutch Friesian, British Friesian and Holstein Friesian cows.- The relationship between growth curve parameters and carcass composition.- Discussion.- Section 5: Summary and Needs for Future Research.- Recapitulation and Outline for the Future.- General discussion.- Final considerations.- Closing remarks.- List of participants.


And the central atom of a metal or silicon in the lower part of the structure for forming a thin film by supplying a precursor containing the organic ligand (ligand) to form a precursor adsorption layer containing an organic ligand. Supplying a non-agent precursor adsorbed on the layer to form an intermediate layer resulting substituted with the substituents of organic ligands contained in the precursor adsorption layer. Supplying an oxidizing agent on the intermediate resultant layer to form an oxide film containing the central atoms from the intermediate output layer.


A new method for separation of speech feature subspace from observation space is proposed based on principal component analysis,and the performance of its application to speaker identification is evaluated.For every speaker,speech features extracted from training samples become a distribution with specific statistical properties such as mean and variance in observation space.Instead of statistical description,a feature subspace with the base of some significant eigen vector extracted from covariance matrix is constructed to describe speech feature distribution of speaker.Distance metrics for measuring distance between input feature vector and subspace are also proposed for pattern matching.Experiments on speaker identification performance analysis demonstrate effectiveness of subspace method,especially for short time test speech with length less than or equal to 3 seconds.


I was recently invited to contribute a chapter to a textbook. The proposed title of my assignment is ''The Reconstructive Ladder.'' To the best of my knowledge, Mathes and Nahai introduced the metaphor of the reconstructive ladder in the second of their now-classic books describing muscle and myocutaneous flaps for general reconstructive surgery practice. The point of the image was to give the reconstructive surgeon a framework for organizing operative options to address a given problem. The rungs of the ladder went from low to high, and the sequence was based on increasing complexity of the surgical plan. To address a given problem, the surgeon arranged potential solutions ranging from the simplest to the most complex on the ladder, and then chose the simplest option that satisfied the elements of the problem. For example, a surgeon analyzing a soft tissue injury to the dorsum of the hand could initially consider primary closure. If that solution was not feasible, local flaps from adjacent tissue might be proposed. If local flap issue proved inadequate, debridement, wound care, and split or full-thickness skin grafting would be possibilities. If a skin graft did not satisfactorily address the extent of the injury, a so-called distant flap such as a 2-staged pedicled groin flap or a reverse radial forearm flap, might be a candidate for the reconstructive procedure. Tissue expansion could float among the rungs according to the surgeon's experience. Finally, if all else seemed inadequate, the surgeon could climb to the top rung of the ladder and consider the use of a microsurgical flap. In the 1980s, one of my most valued teachers, Dr. Bernard Alpert, frequently said that the top rung of the ladder, a confidently performed microsurgical flap, was often the most direct route to satisfactory healing, and therefore could be the simplest solution once the technical aspects of the procedures were confidently within the surgeon's range of operative skill. Rather than struggling through the use of marginally adequate tissue or multistaged procedures, the surgeon should not hesitate to consider a microsurgical procedure. Dr. Alpert is a teacher of great insight and range. (Another of his observations is what I call ''Alpert's Law of Relative Debt Anxiety,'' illustrated by the circumstances that if someone owes a bank $10,000 the person has a problem: if the person owes the bank $10,000,000, the bank has a problem.) Dr. Alpert's critique of the reconstructive ladder showed me that the decision process for selection of a reconstructive procedure is not linear. Somehow, arranging ladder rungs and matching one to a problem does not really tell the story. Dimensions of patient outcome and surgical skill must be factored into the process, and the top microsurgical rung also changes the surgeon's perception of the other rungs. In the course of my practice, my ability to use microsurgical flaps has made me relatively impatient with the use of questionable tissue and staged procedures, while having a microsurgical flap as a back-up has given me the confidence to explore the use of innovative local flaps, fascia flaps, distal extremity muscle flaps, and other nonmicrosurgical procedures, greatly expanding my own technical repertoire and practice. 8 I have therefore come to think of microsurgical technique not only as valuable in itself, but as an important dimension in establishing relative values among the catalog of reconstructive procedures. A balanced plastic surgery curriculum should strive to DOI: 10.1002/micr.20125


This work deals with the comparison of different parameters (French/IMCCE and US/JPL ephemerides) used to calculate the extension of the umbral shadow and the location of the centre line in the total solar eclipse that took place on March, 29th 2006. We needed to know the exact points where the predicted duration of the solar eclipse was 0 seconds. This phenomenon allows, observed on this particular position, the measurement of the solar diameter. The work is composed by three parts. In the first one is described the evolution of the lunar theory from Hipparchus to the current theory (Bureau de Longitudes/IMCCE, Chapront). The second part is dedicated to geodesy (WGS84 datum) and there are examples of longitude's calculations. In the third one there is the analysis of the parameters to understand the reasons about the different extensions of the umbral shadow and the different positions of the centre line in the solar eclipse calculated respectively with French and American ephemerides. The use of the center of the figure of the Moon with respect to the center of mass produces the differences in the ephemerides. This work prepared the observational mission in Egypt to observe the total solar eclipse from the shadow's edges in Zawayet al Mahtallah, near Sidi Barrani, whose results were after published in Solar Physics vol. 259 p. 189 (2009).


Heart failure is defined as a complex of symptoms and complaints as a result of a failing pumping capacity of the heart. Patients with heart failure often suffer from breathlessness or fatigue, either at rest or during exertion, and/or oedema. These symptoms have a major impact on the daily lives of patients. In addition, treatment, life-style changes and insecure prognosis have a major influence on their quality of life and depression or depressive symptoms can develop. Depressive symptoms are often described among patients suffering from a chronic condition and are also present in patients with heart failure. Studies in patients with heart failure suggest that the presence of depressive symptoms is associated with an increase in readmission and mortality rates and is therefore seen as an important problem.


ALLOCATIONS SUMMARY In this paper, we attempt to provide a balanced, evidence-based answers to four questions regarding private equity allocations: (1) Does private equity provide higher returns, lower volatility, and diversification benefits for institutional investors? (2) Can private equity returns be replicated with a public market strategy? (3) Do private equity lockups enhance returns or increase risk? (4) What are the implications for LP allocations to private equity?


The computer-readable portable storage medium for storing the authentication information to access the remote computer and a remote storage device using a program managed by the remote computer. The program performs the following procedure: when the storage medium is mounted is driven to the local computer, the local computer determines whether connected to a network, the remote computer read the URL from the storage medium, the local computer is connected to a remote computer, the storage medium is read from the authentication the keyword is sent to the remote computer and the authentication key, while allowing access to the remote computer to register the remote memory storage device as the assistant of the local computer.


In 2005, the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD) in the Victorian State of Australia introduced a new design for relocatable classroom buildings known as the N1 design. This was further refined in the ?N2? design incorporating additional Environmentally Sustainable Design (ESD) features. This paper presents further improvements made to the N2 relocatable classroom particularly with respect to operational and embodied energy through the use of building energy and lifecycle modelling during the early stages of the design process. This paper highlights how building modelling and life cycle thinking approaches may assist building design and construction.


and 200 mg. of ascorbic acid as hypnotics. To reach this conclusion 51 patients were studied, of whom 24 stated there was "no difference " between the drugs. The second trial (Fig. 2) showed that 400 mg. of methyprylone was superior as a hypnotic to 400 mg. of ascorbic acid. This study required only 12 patients, as 8 stated a preference for powder A, and 4 "no difference " results were obtained. Trials 3 and 4 were planned to allow a comparison to be made of the hypnotic effect of 400 mg. of methyprylone with the hypnotic effect of quinalbarbitone in the commonly prescribed doses of 100 or 200 mg. The results (Fig. 3) indicated that 200 mg. of quinalbarbitone was superior to 400 mg. of methyprylone ; the " eastern" boundary was crossed after 37 preferences and there were 30 "no difference " results. When the hypnotic effect of 400 mg. of methyprylone was compared with that of 100 mg. of quinalbarbitone, no important difference was found; this trial required 40patients, 16Powh fu "n diffr bewe the drugs.xI11 lTT Discussion


This paper reviews the role of RECORD and REFERENCE variables in Algol W, points out some restrictions in their use, and describes a method for simulating a new TABLE data type within the existing syntax. It is shown how the use of a few simple procedures generated in a preprocessor phase enable this new type to be used freely within dynamic structures of data. A comparison is made with some alternative methods of implementation in Algol W.


The Global Powder Metallurgy Property Database was released to the general public in October 2004, with a definite focus on the automotive end user community. The Database is the culmination of four years of planning, formulating and joint development between the North American, European and Japanese powder metallurgy communities. This unique data offering includes ferrous, non-ferrous and bearing alloys and covers mechanical, physical and fatigue data. Nearly 200 different alloys are included. Materials and properties can be searched using MPIF and ISO material codes, following standard or advanced search methods with up to six variables simultaneously. Graphical presentation of the data is available throughout the system. Examples of search outputs are presented along with helpful hints for getting the most out of this new and exciting powder metallurgy database.


In this study, the in vivo testing of the selected colon-targeted compressed coated tablet formulation F2 (Treatment A), prepared in our previous work, was compared with that of the tablet core as control (Treatment B) on 6 healthy non-smoker male volunteers in a crossover design study was performed. Saliva samples were collected at different time intervals over a period of 24 hours and assayed for theophylline by HPLC. ANOVA for a crossover design revealed significant differences between the two treatments with respect to Tmax, Cmax and log AUC0-24. High coefficients of determination for the in vitro AUC0-t release profiles (in the previous study) and the in vivo AUC0-t obtained from the saliva concentration time profiles, for both treatments A and B, were observed by applying the quadratic model in case of treatment A and quadratic or cubic model in case of treatment B.


In the early 1990s, with the development of information and communication technology (ICT), global banks began looking for a new world consisting of markets rather than relationships through the development of standardised services in the markets. However, in the early 21st century, with the collapse of the speculative bubble and the financial crisis of 2008, which caused financial instability and damaged the real economy, the entire banking system and the market itself suffered profound changes in profitability. Thus, began efforts to develop a new cultural relationship between banks and companies known as 'glocal banking'. These include: studying the needs of customers, planning and providing services, working as a team and using new training methodologies coherent with a new entrepreneurial banking culture based on relationships with small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which represent both the majority of European and Italian firms (Italian SMEs account for ~99% of the national total).


Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) concrete or micromechanical modeled concrete using analysis of a mixture of fiber and other added materials can produce a tensile strain capacity of up to three hundred to five hundred times compared to the strain capacity of conventional concrete. A review related to several studies that have been carried out previously on the properties of ECC and their constituent materials is presented in this paper. The behavior of the material is reviewed as an investigation parameter followed by determining the composition of the mixture, namely the effect of the water-cement ratio, the shape and length of the fiber and the addition of additives. The fiber volume fraction review was limited to between 2% to 3%, which resulted in outstanding tensile strain behavior. As it is known, ECC has an excellent capacity in terms of strain behavior which is accompanied by a large number of mico cracking patterns. ECC crack widths are usually predominantly less than 100 μm. ECC behavior is closer to that of steel which can bend or be ductile, whereas conventional concrete is brittle.


Microcomputer Software Distribution (MSD) was initiated in its current form in October 1987. It was mandated some years earlier by the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia for the purpme of administering microcomputer software site-licenses, primarily SAS/PC, for all 34 institutions comprising the University System of Georgia. One person was given primary responsibility to establish an office for the purpose of distributing the site-licensed software products. The expectation of adding other site licensed products, as justifiable, was the goal for the first fiscal year. An MSD Advisory Board consisting of 2 departmental supervisors and 1 senior mainframe consultant was established to discuss initial priorities and guide the project.


I report the discovery of two new Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars in Circinus via detection of their C, N and He near-infrared emission lines, using ESO-NTT-SOFI archival data. The H- and K-band spectra of WR 67a and WR 67b indicate that these are Wolf-Rayet stars of WN 6h and WC 8 subtypes, respectively. WR 67a presents a weak-lined spectrum probably reminiscent of young hydrogen-rich main-sequence stars, such as WR 25 in Car OB1 and HD 97950 in NGC 3603. Indeed, this conclusion is reinforced by the close morphological match of the WR 67a H- and K-band spectra with that for WR 21a, a known extremely massive binary system. WR 67b is probably a non-dusty WC 8 Wolf-Rayet star that has an estimated heliocentric distance of 2.7 ± 0.9 kpc, which for its Galactic coordinates puts the star probably in the near portion of the Scutum-Centaurus arm.


Objective To investigate the oculopathy spectrum, potential risk factors in recruits of field troops and to offer referential information for the recruitment of the better qualified soldiers. Methods A total of 20,320 recruits from field troops of Ningxia and parts of Beijing area were tested by detailed ophthalmological examination, refering to the active standard about ocular region health examination of the recruitment and the oculopathy spectrum and potential risk factors were obtained. Results The morbidity of obvious oculopathy was 3.47%, and the main diseases included unqualified sight and color feel, ptosis, disease of cornea, acute uveitis, external injury cataract, eye bottom disease, glaucoma, et al. The morbidity of potential ophthalmologic risk diseases was 5.18%, and the main diseases included acute conjunctivitis, xerophthalmia, oboslete uveitis, lattice degeneration of retina and snail track degeneration. Conclusion The active standard of ophthalmological health examination has certain defects, and it is necessary to revise it, to strengthen the power of conscription management. The youth should be screened seriously. The ophthalmological examination should be intensified for the recruited.


Background : Antimicrobial resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia spp., is increasing. The resistance mechanism of these organisms are hyperproduction of AmpC -lactamase and plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL). This study was to determine the occurrence of AmpC hyperproduction and ESBLs in E. cloacae, C. freundii, and S. marcescens over a 3-month period in 2002. Methods : We tested total of 619 consecutive, nonduplicate isolates (229 E. cloacae, 183 C. freundii, 207 S. marcescens) from 12 university hospitals and a commercial laboratory in Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested using the disk diffusion method. AmpC hyperproduction was defined as nonsusceptible to cefotaxime or ceftazidime for E. cloacae and C. freundii and as nonsusceptible to cefotaxime for S. marcescens. ESBL production was determined by the double disk synergy test. Results : Among the E. cloacae, C. freundii and S. marcescens derepressed strains were 20.5%, 30.1%, and 31.4% and ESBL producers were 23.6%, 10.9%, and 15.5%, respectively. The AmpC derepressed strains and ESBL producers revealed lower susceptibility rates for ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam and aminoglycosides. Conclusions : These data reveal that the occurrence of AmpC derepressants and ESBL producers among E. cloacae, C. freundii and S. marcescens is relatively high. Continued nationwide surveillance is necessary to provide information on the spread of these important mechanisms of resistance to -lactams.


The reactions of trialkylboranes with ferric chloride and thiocyanate in an aqueous tetrahydrofuran solution give the corresponding alkyl chlorides and thiocyanates in good yields. It was found that two equivalents of ferric salts per alkyl group of organoborane are required, and not only the first alkyl group of trialkylborane but other alkyl groups are also used.


The increasing interest in the Shared Decision Making approach is linked to an improvement of the clinical outcomes. This paper proposes an update of the literature review on Shared Decision-Making in the clinical setting in Italy, describing the areas of application, the objectives, the instruments used and the main results.


The fiber diameter is the most important structural characteristic of electrospun nonwoven web and is crucial in the drug release process in medical applications. In order to make an electrospinnable solution using plant extracts, biocompatible polymers are used. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is known as non-toxic biodegradable polymer, which is compatible with human tissues and widely used in biomedical applications. Sodium chlorophyllin (SChl) contains derivatives of "a" and "b" chlorophyll (chlorines, sodium salts of chlorophylline acids etc.), sodium salts of resinous acids (pimaric-, isopimaric-, abieticand labdane types), sodium salts of fatty acids (mainly oleic-, stearicand linoleic). Due to such composition SChl has bacteriostatic, regenerative and deodorant properties, which could be useful in biomedical applications. Several compositions of PVA solution in water (8 wt%) and different concentrations (1 – 15 wt%) of sodium chlorophyllin derived from spruce greenery were prepared using magnetic stirrer AREC Velp Scientifica. The viscosity and conductivity measurements of PVA/SChl solutions were performed before spinning. Electrospinning was performed using NanospiderTM LAB 200 (Elmarco). The diameters of electrospun fibers were quantitatively evaluated from atomic force microscope (AFM) images. Microstructural features were analyzed using AFM Dimension Edge Veeco (Bruker) with silicone cantiliver OTESPA-R3, f0=300 kHz, k=26 N/m in tapping mode. PVA/SChl nanofiber composites with different concentrations of sodium chlorophyllin (1wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt%) were analyzed in the research. Also pure PVA solution and nanofiber web were tested in order to evaluate the effects of added sodium chlorophyllin. The studies have shown that concentrations of SChl in the range from 1 wt% to 5 wt% have the ability to influence the viscosity and conductivity of the PVA solution and diameters of electrospun nanofiber composites.


Flavonoids are low molecular weight polyphenolic phytochemicals, derived from secondary metabolism of plants and play important role in various biological processes. 3-Hydroxyflavone (3HF; fig. 1) is a chemical compound that it is the backbone of all flavonols, a type of flavonoid.Flavones have antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, estrogenic, acetyl cholinesterase, antiinflammatory activities and are also used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, etc [1]. The success of cisplatin has triggered intensive work for discovery of new metal-based anticancer drugs [2]. In this study, we evaluated the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of nickel complexes including 3Hydroxyflavone against human cervix epithelial carcinoma (HeLa), cell line and using cisplatin as a comparative standard by MTT assay. Our results presented herein provide experimental evidence that nickel-3HF complex induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Our flow cytometry results confirm that, this complex showed a high population of apoptotic cell higher than cisplatin at the same concentration and could induce apoptosis of Hela cancer cells.


The author discusses a variety of failure mechanisms and their causes and delineates design guidelines that minimize their occurrence. He discusses passive components utilized in implantable hybrids, namely capacitors, resistors, and inductors. He examines the typical semiconductor characteristics and operating conditions required for implantable products, and describes bipolar and CMOS integrated circuits. The design of a sophisticated pacemaker hybrid is presented. Quality control issues are considered.<<ETX>>


Nostratic AB is a company that develops Internet communities and digital communication for different platforms. They offer a service that allows clients to sell ring tones, pictures and games for m ...


Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are commonly used as protective coatings for engine components and these are susceptible to delamination failures due to large thermal gradient. These failures, which occur within the TBC layer, are very different in character from those associated with the thermally grown oxide [1]. A two-dimensional plane strain finite element simulations are carried-out to study the three possible causes of delamination due to residual stress buildup during thermal cycling. In all cases, temperature dependent thermo-mechanical properties of the TBCs are considered. The effect of three different cooling rates on these failure modes is discussed. It has been found that the edge related delamination with thermal gradient is the most probable failure mechanism. The failure mechanisms predicted matches with the experimental and simulated results available in open literature.


Information related with agriculture machinery were arranged systematically and scientifically, and were stored orderly. Agriculture machinery document database was developed with feature. The database consists of seven sub-databases, which are power machinery in farm,tillage equipment,sowing and planting machinery, field management machinery, cropping machinery, horticultural machinery and drainage and irrigation.


Prasertsan, P.1 and Oi, S.2 Enzymatic saccharification of hemicellulose extracted from palm oil mill wastes Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2001, 23(Suppl.): 789-795 Various parameters affecting the extraction of hemicellulose from palm cake by alkali method and sterilizer condensate by solvent method were investigated. For extraction of hemicellulose from palm cake, the optimal ratio of palm cake to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (1.5% conc.) was 1:10. However, potassium hydroxide (KOH) was a better source of alkali than NaOH and the optimum ratio of palm cake to 12% KOH was 1:50 (w/v). Temperature over 100oC (100 and 121oC) extracted significantly higher hemicellulose than at 80oC after 20 min treatment. The addition of ethanol to the extracted solution in the ratio of 1:1 (v/v) gave the highest hemicellulose yield of 8.67 g/100 g palm cake. For extraction of hemicellulose from sterilizer condensate, the optimum ratio of ethanol to the condensate was 2:1 (v/v), which gave a hemicellulose yield of 6.42 g/100 ml. The enzymatic saccharification of the hemicelllulose extracted from palm cake (HEPC) and from sterilizer condensate (HESC) was 3-10 times lower than that of xylan. The enzyme from Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275 and Meicellase gave higher saccharification rates than that of Sumyzyme. The contents of reducing sugars in xylan, HEPC and HESC were 96.4, 36.2 and 20.6%, respectively and 75.3, 67.9 and 97.6% of these values could be hydrolysed by the enzymes. Hence, palm cake was a better source of substrate for extraction of hemicellulose while hemicellulose extracted from sterilizer condensate gave higher percentage of enzymatic saccharification.


This talk reviews recent results in new particle searches performed by experiments at the high energy e'e' storage rings PEP and PETRA. I will concentrate on recent searches for : a) hadrons with a new quark flavor, b> spin-l/2 charged heavy leptons, c) spin-0 charged leptons, d) spin-0 point-like scalars or pseudoscalars, and e) neutral heavy leptons. Earlier results are summarized in review papers in Refs. 1-5.


Method for controlling a connection in a communication network comprising a plurality of nodes (MSC, TSN, MG), wherein a connection (CO) is established stepwise between nodes (MSC, TSN, MG) and at least two of the nodes (MSC, TSN, MG) are adapted to insert an entity into the connection (CO), affecting the entity connection quality, or to remove an entity affecting the connection quality of the connection wherein an indicator is forwarded between nodes controlling (CO) connection in which the indicator indicates whether the connection (CO) comprises an entity affecting the connection quality, a node which decides to insert an entity into the connection or remove an entity adjusts the indicator accordingly before forwarding it to another node (MSC, TSN, MSC ') controlling the connection (CO) and a node (MSC, TSN, MSC') controlling the connection (CO) checks the value of the indicator when making a decision to insert or remove an entity.


Through approaching the mixed ability training of clinical post-graduates, the following conclusions were drawn: necessity to take turns in the clinical specialties, establishment of its program, the details and contents were pointed out, meanwhile, it is necessary to guarantee progression of the plan and its training effects, and to improve the cultivation quality.


The alkylation of 2,4-dimethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone (1) by the dianion-method provides regiospecifically and stereoselectively alkylated products (3a–i) in moderate yields. The alkylated product (3g) was transformed into the Corey's lactones (6 and 9) for 11-methyl- and 11,11-dimethyl-11-deoxy-PGs, respectively.


The paper is dedicated to the convolutional neural networks hardware solutions and their implementation. We describe the hardware modules developed, which are specialized in processing of classical and bipolar morphological models of neural networks.


Six new species of the doryctine wasp genus Notiospathius (Braconidae) are described for the states of Jalisco, Oaxaca and Veracruz, Mexico: N. bisulcatus sp. n., N. chinanteco sp. n., N. crypticus sp. n., N. laurae sp. n., N. mariachi sp. n. and N. tuxtlaensis sp. n. DNA barcoding sequences are provided for these species. They represent the first confirmed records of species of Notiospathius in Mexico.


The five important parameters to characterize tannery effluents viz. total chromium, sulfide, TDS, BOD and COD were determined for samples obtained from different streams as well as for composite liquor. The remedial measures to contain their pollution load on the treatment plant are discussed. The correlation between TDS and BOD, TDS and COD for these samples are also reported.


This historical sketch of the start of medical anthropology in The Netherlands is not only presented in a chronological order but also against the background of the specificities of the mental and cultural traits of Dutch scholars. Her outstanding knowledge of other Western scholarly traditions in medical anthropology proved to be very profitable for her to understand the particularities of the historical trajectory of this area of knowledge in The Netherlands and the former Dutch East Indies. It is indeed refreshing to read an outsider's view on the history of a field of knowledge and practice that is so much our own. Especially in the end of her article when Diasio tries to explain certain characteristics of Dutch medical anthropology (dialogue, open to other disciplines, pluralism without overt conflicts, acceptance of differences) while linking it to the pillarisation of Dutch society as a whole sounds familiar. The same goes for the passages when she puts to the fore the propensity of Dutch medical anthropological scholars for involvement, their concern for moral implications of knowledge and praxis and their affinity with the emancipatory tradition in social sciences. These characteristics are seen from her outsider's perspective and qualified as Dutch national features. For her it explains the specificity of the history and epistemology of present-day medical anthropology. As an insider, I am objectified and able to recognise the processes she describes. However, in order to assess the originality of her discoveries, I cannot help feeling that some important information is missing. The lesser degree of conflict in The Netherlands is rapidly compared to the degree of conflict in France or Britain, it comes as a surprise to her that 'applied anthropology' never has become a distinct discipline in The Netherlands, the Dutch option for a pragmatism of lesser aims is worthwhile mentioning. Although I don't doubt the validity of these statements (or discoveries), because they sound so familiar, the Dutch specificity would have come fully to the fore if the other side of the mirror had been presented. In other words, Diasio disposes of much implicit knowledge of the French, British and Italian traditions, which she uses as a demarcation line to seize and analyse the Dutch tradition. We are thoroughly informed on the historical and epistemological developments of and within medical anthropology as practiced in The Netherlands and in the colonies, but the discoveries


Abstract The paper surveys the intellectual property (IP) laws of seven Southern African Development Community countries to better understand the nature, scope, and depth of their patent laws with particular focus on their utilisation of TRIPS flexibilities to facilitate pharmaceutical access. The selected countries – Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe – represent a mix of both major and modest economies. While the current literature contains widespread assertions on the impact and effect of TRIPS on access to medicines in these countries and less-developed countries in general, this paper finds that the countries lack explicit and workable provisions implementing key TRIPS flexibilities. Hence, available TRIPS flexibilities have not been well utilised and it is often the complicated and unworkable domestic framework – rather than TRIPS – which becomes the stumbling block to pharmaceutical access. Another major finding is that patents may not be a major impediment in the region given that few patents and even fewer pharmaceutical patents are filed. The paper argues that since the surveyed countries are mainly net IP importers with similar developmental contexts and aspirations, the best approach would be to fully take advantage of existing flexibilities and more aggressively leverage policy space to engender access to cheaper medicines.


Among the enigmatical passages of the Old Testament, there is possibly none which has stimulated to a higher point the curiosity of the exegetes, and provoked more numerous and more divergent comments than the one which contains, in the account of the feast of Belshazzar, these three mysterious words, popularized in the form Mene, Tekel, Peres,-a form which has originated from the ancient Greek and Latin versions of the Aramean Book of Daniel.


In this work, a microwave tunable filter of inverted microstrip with dual‐mode resonator using liquid crystal (LC) technology has been designed, manufactured, and characterized. It comprises a thin LC layer between a ground plane and a directly coupled and inverted microstrip line. Central frequency tunability was realised by applying low ac voltages, thus involving low power consumption. The transmission characters of the filter were specifically designed for working at C‐band microwave frequency range, which are allocated for many communication applications such as satellite, cordless telephone or weather radar systems. Additionally, its compact structure allows the device to be integrated on circuit board to adapt with other MW components for expanded applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1626–1628, 2016


Breast cancer killed 40,534 American women in 1986, accounting for 20 percent of all deaths from cancer among women. Several risk factors are known --


The invention concerns a data acquisition apparatus and method. According to the invention, - a first means providing a series of first digital sampled data (X) at an imperfect sampling frequency (F E ) provided by a local clock (2) comprises sigma-delta modulation means (3) arranged to produce said series of first digital sigma-delta modulated data (X), - a second gauging means (50) for measuring the frequency error of the local clock (2) in view of a reference clock (6), - a third means for correcting the first data based at least on the measured frequency error, which comprises at least an interpolation means (4) to produce second digital data (Y) based on at least an interpolation of said first series (X) and compensating the measured frequency error (FD), and at least a decimation filter (7) for producing third digital data (A) based on said second digital data (Y), are provided.


We study plane algebraic curves defined over a field k of arbitrary characteristic as coverings of the the projective line and the problem of enumerating branched coverings of $\mathbb{P}^{1}$ by using combinatorial methods.


Applying high-voltage electric field (HVEF) to some food materials has been shown to increase the thawing rate. To investigate the effect of process parameters and electrode configuration in high-voltage electric field system, we took the frozen tofu as the research object and investigated the influence of the different voltages, electrode configuration, and electrode distances on thawing process. The thawing time, center temperatures, and loss rate of samples were measured. The results showed that the thawing time of frozen tofu decreases with the increase of voltage and the thawing time has a great relevance with configuration and distance of electrodes. The electric parameters have a major effect on thawing loss and thawing time when center temperatures of frozen tofu are from −2°C to 0°C. This work provides clues and experimental basis for the further application of high-voltage electric field thawing technology.


Free-standing polycrystalline films of Ag, Cu and Ag/Cu multilayers were tested in tension using an optical diffraction grating for the measurement of the strain. The yield stress and the rate of work hardening both increase strongly with decreasing layer thickness. These effects combine to raise the stress for ductile fracture up to 700 MPa and to lower the maximum plastic strain.


This paper is a sequel to our previous work in which we found a combinatorial realization of continued fractions as quotients of the number of perfect matchings of snake graphs. We show how this realization reflects the convergents of the continued fractions as well as the Euclidean division algorithm. We apply our findings to establish results on sums of squares, palindromic continued fractions, Markov numbers and other statements in elementary number theory.


Mr. Blebby Vibrio parahaemolyticus, an important cause of contaminated fish-associated food poisoning, kills infected host cells within hours, using three sequential mechanisms: autophagy, cell rounding, and cell lysis. Broberg et al. (p. 1660, published online 19 August) now describe a molecular mechanism of a bacterial effector protein that facilitates cell lysis by disrupting a target involved in regulating membrane dynamics and the actin cytoskeleton. The Vibrio effector, VPA0450, causes target cell membrane blebbing. The protein acts as an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase and disrupts cytoskeletal binding sites on the inner surface of the plasma membrane of infected cells by hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Altering the homeostasis of membrane-bound signaling molecules allows a bacterial pathogen to corrupt cell function. The marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis in humans and encodes the type III effector protein VPA0450, which contributes to host cell death caused by autophagy, cell rounding, and cell lysis. We found that VPA0450 is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that hydrolyzed the D5 phosphate from the plasma membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. VPA0450 disrupted cytoskeletal binding sites on the inner surface of membranes of human cells and caused plasma membrane blebbing, which compromised membrane integrity and probably contributed to cell death by facilitating lysis. Thus, bacterial pathogens can disrupt adaptor protein–binding sites required for proper membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics by altering the homeostasis of membrane-bound inositol-signaling molecules.


Title of Thesis : Phenotypic stability studies in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Name of the student : Anil Bhushan Registration No. : J-12-D-161-A Major Subject : Vegetable Science Name & Designation : Dr. R.K Samnotra (Professor&Head) of Major advisor Degree to be awarded : Ph.D Vegetable Science Name of University : Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu The present investigation entitled "Phenotypic stability studies in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) was carried out at Vegetable Experimental Farm, Division of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, Sher-eKashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha during 2013-14 and 2014-15 to assess the performance of genotypes across seasons and years for their adaptability under wide range of environments through phenotypic stability studies using Eberhart and Russell regression model. Twenty five brinjal genotypes were evaluated for yield and its components under six environments comprising of six different seasons viz., E1: Autumn-Winter2013; E2: Spring-Summer, 2014; E3: Rainy, 2014; E4: Autumn-Winter, 2014; E5: Spring-Summer, 2015 and E6: Rainy, 2015. Observations were recorded for 14 quantitative traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first picking, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight (g), number of leaves per plant, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, leaf area (cm), marketable yield per plant (kg), unmarketable yield per plant (kg), fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q), two qualitative traits viz., ascorbic acid content (mg/100g) and total phenol content (mg/100gm) and five biotic stress traits viz., shoot borer infestation (%), fruit borer infestation (%), spider mite infestation (%), little leaf incidence (%) and phomopsis blight incidence (%). For a given trait, a desirable, widely adapted and stable genotype are defined as one with an individual mean performance greater than the average mean, a regression coefficient (bi=1), and no deviation from mean squares (Sdi=0). Highly significant mean sum of squares for genotypes, environments and genotype × environment interaction were recorded for all the traits except non significant G x E interactions for number of leaves per plant, number of primary branches per plant, ascorbic acid content and little leaf incidence indicating that both linear as well as non linear components were important in building up total G × E interaction. On the basis of stability parameters (μ, bi and Sdi) genotypes PPL-74, Chhaya, PBH-3, Shamli, Pusa Kranti and Pusa Uttam were suitable under favourable environments whereas, genotypes, Rajni, Abhishek and PPL were identified suitable for unfavourable environment and genotypes Pusa Ankur and Navkiran Improved were stable genotypes for days to 50% flowering; genotypes Pusa Uttam, PBH-3 and Shamli were most stable for days to first fruit picking; genotypes Navkiran Improved and MH-80 were identified as widely adapted to all the environments whereas Sandhya, Pusa Ankur and PBH-3 were adapted to unfavourable environments for number of fruits per plant; Genotype PPL-74 found adapted to all type of environments and Sandhya, Chhaya, Abhishek and PPR were found to be specifically adapted to unfavourable environments for average fruit weight. Genotypes Chhaya and PPL were found adapted to all types of environments for marketable yield per plant and PPR was found well adapted for all types of environments for fruit yield per hectare whereas Arka Nidhi and BR-14 were adapted to unfavourable environments for marketable yield per plant and Punjab Sadabahar, Nisha Improved and Arka Keshav were specifically adapted under unfavourable environments. For quality traits, genotype Chhaya was identified as widely adapted to all the environments for ascorbic acid content whereas none of the genotypes was found adapted to all types of environments. For shoot borer infestation, genotypes Rajni and Pusa Kranti were found adapted to all types of environments where as Shamli, PPL-74 and Arka Nidhi were specifically adapted to unfavourable environment. For fruit borer infestation Pusa Kranti and Pusa Ankur were adapted to all type of environments and PPL-74 and Sandhya were adapted to unfavourable environments. For phomopsis blight, genotype Sandhya was adapted to all type of environments whereas Puneri Kateri, PPL-74, Shamli, Chhaya and Abhishek were found adapted to unfavourable environments.


Fatigue Testing with Few Engine Components under Overloading. This article deals with a statistical method to evaluate the probability of survival for a special method of fatigue testing. A number of components is tested under a higher loading than in service. If the components are tested without failure, then they are considered as safe in the service. With the developed method the practical experience is very good. The overloading can be realized by higher forcing in the simulation, by increasing of the vibrating mass or by stronger motor load spectra. The limits and boundary conditions of the different possibilities are discussed. It is also feasible to do the fatigue tests directly on the combustion engine to reduce the development time and to test strength properties in the range of high cycle fatigue.


This paper aims to describe accounting and tax practices of small companies in Colombia. In the other hand, describes the main matters faced by small business whose because of it's structure, tend to be linked with "informal market" taking into account that this sector has been defined as those who realize many activities legally exclude or out of the taxable field. In that order of ideas, grocery stores are known as business operating on a low scale, wich are integrated for employees working independently, also in most of cases, hire friends or family members in an informal way. From the theoretical component, research is supported by the Stakeholder theory proposed by Freeman, which establishes that organizations generate externalities to the communities in which they are immersed, from a biunivocal relationship, since communities also they make organizations configure themselves around their needs. From the methodological aspect, the research is mixed positivist with a descriptive approach and simple random sampling has been used as a strategy for the selection of the sample. After analyzing the information, it is concluded that formal accounting and tax practices in the population under study are almost nil, and the cause of this problem is the lack of knowledge in accounting, finance and taxation they have, as well as the insufficient mechanisms of control and support of government agencies to this population.


Abstract. The stations of the mid-frequency aperture array (MFAA) envisaged for the second phase of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) are expected to consist of order 103 to 104 receive paths. This will make calibration procedures based on the array covariance matrix computationally expensive. Recently, self-holography (SH) was proposed to overcome this issue. This method assumes that the signal from the chosen calibration source can be sufficiently well isolated. We study the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of the most suitable calibration source over a sidereal day for a representative MFAA station located on the SKA site in South Africa. We find that an SIR of 20 dB or higher is achievable over (most of) a sidereal day. This is well above the 11.5 dB needed to keep the beamformer efficiency after calibration above 99%. We therefore conclude that SH is a promising candidate for station calibration of the MFAA stations.


The ignition delay times of forty-two different fuels were measured in a constant volume combustion bomb. The measurements were performed at three different initial air temperatures using fuels ranging from the primary reference fuels for cetane rating to complex mixtures of coal-derived liquids. The ignition delay times were examined in terms of the classical definitions of the physical and chemical delay times. The previously used definitions were found to be inadequate, and new definitions have been proposed. The total ignition delay times were studied in the context of providing a means for rating the ignition quality of the fuels. Fuel ignition quality rating schemes are discussed, including one based on the current cetane number scale as well as one based on a new scale which includes a measure of the sensitivity of the various fuels to the air temperature.


Power systems rely on a broad set of information and sensors to maintain reliable and secure operation. Proper processing of such information, to guarantee the integrity of power system data, is a requirement in any modern control centre, typically performed by state estimation associated with bad data processing algorithms. This paper shows that contrarily to a commonly assumed claim regarding bad data processing, in some cases of single gross error (GE) the noncritical measurement contaminated with GE does not present the largest normalized residual. Based on the analysis of the elements of the residual sensitivity matrix, the paper formally demonstrates that such claim does not always hold. Besides this demonstration, possible vulnerabilities for traditional bad data processing are mapped through the Undetectability Index (UI). Computational simulations carried out on IEEE 14 and IEEE 118 test systems provide insight into the paper proposition.


Modern tunnel structures are presently implemented primarily by conventional excavation, using the New Austrian Tunneling Method. Two linings are usually used to support the excavated area. The primary tunnel lining serves for consolidation of the extracting during tunneling and the secondary tunnel lining ensures the safe use of the structure during its life time. The design and evaluation of the tunnel lining is a comprehensive process that involves a lot of input conditions. We are not always able to define these inputs exactly. In order to specify the amount of secondary lining load, we must know not only the load by the rock but also e.g. the hydrostatic load and deformation behavior of concrete during its aging. The lining is also influenced by local climatic conditions. It is necessary to include effects of various temperatures on the lining in our design. The measurements carried out in the already completed structures serve us for a more exact determination of these temperatures. Based on the results from these measurements, we can determine the distribution of temperatures in the profile and the behavior of the construction versus the climate change more exactly. Monitoring the temperature development takes a long time. The specification of this behavior should lead to a material saving when new constructions are designed.


Based on the conducted research, it has been found that quenching with hot isostatic pressure and step-by-step aging with consistently increasing temperatures of low-temperature aging (first stage) and high-temperature aging (second stage) provides high tensile strength for AL4MS copper silumin during cold box casting, increases the flow stress by 10%, and maintains high plasticity compared to the level of properties after single-stage aging.


Ultrafast laser processing of semiconductors is a rapidly developing field of material science at the moment. In particular, femtosecond laser crystallization of amorphous hydrogenated silicon thin films has a big potential in photovoltaics. However laser treatment causes dehydrogenation process which decreases materials' photosensitivity and thus limiting its application for optoelectronics. In present paper we studied photoelectric properties of laser-modified amorphous silicon films. Two different hydrogenation procedures were employed to restore films' hydrogen content: keeping in hydrogen plasma and in high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere. The effectiveness of applied procedures for increasing materials' photosensitivity is discussed.


Objective Using quantum-dot-fluorescence labeling for detecting the characteristic of prostate stem cell antigen(PSCA)protein expressed in the transitional cell carcinoma(TCC)of bladder.Methods Fifty-two cases of TCC contained 34 superficial TCC(STCC,stages Ta-T1)and 18 muscle-invasive TCCs(ITCC,stages T2-T4).Quantum-dot-fluorescence labeling analysis of PSCA protein expression was performed on the entire specimens and each of the cases set up a negative control group.The expression of PSCA protein Was observed at 4 time points within 1 month,and the level w8s scored in 4 grades by assessing the intensity of fluorescence.Results The surface of tumor cells express orange red fluorescence under the stimulating of blue light,the cytoplasm and nucleus with no expression.With obviously control,the negative controls express spontaneous green fluorescence.The expression of fluoreseence in STCC Was more uniform than that seen in ITCC,with fluorescence detected 97.1%(33/34);however.the ITCC also detected 77.8%(14/1 8).Higher level of fluorescence expression correlated with the increasing tumor grade.The strong fluorescence expression in grade Ⅱ was 43.3%and 59.1%in grade Ⅲ.The level of the fluorescence change Was not significant in 2 weeks,in comparing.the fluorescence hardly keep stabilization last for 1 month,there Was 4 specimens with the fluorescence drop to 0 and none 3+ level specimen exist.However,the last specimens distributed in the+and 2+by fluoresceBee level could still be seen.Conclusion PSCA is a valuable tumor marker,particularly superficial with higher grade tumor,which prompts that it may be a useful target for early diagnosis and monitor recurrence of TCC of bladder.

Key words:
BIadder carcinoma; Prostate; Stem cell:Antigen


This study aims to determine the internal factors that cause uncollectible receivables in the Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Warga Setia Sejahtera Cisaat.This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The author uses data collection techniques by observation, interview and documentation. Data processing that is by means of descriptive analysis is a writing technique by describing all data obtained through interviews, library materials and documentation and then analyzing it with written source criteria. The results of this study indicate that reports of Savings and Credit Cooperatives of Setia Sejahtera Citizens in 2015-2019 continue to experience an increase. The internal factors that cause the occurrence of uncollectible receivables, namely the weak credit administration system, the weak credit supervision system, and collusion between creditors and debtors.
Keywords: Internal Factors, Bad Debts.


High-efficiency rock breaking by hydraulic jetting is the key to radial horizontal drilling technology. In order to improve the drilling efficiency of hydraulic jet rock breaking in radial horizontal wells, based on LS-Dyna display dynamics, a numerical simulation model of single-nozzle jet rock breaking was established to analyze the influence of different nozzle parameters on the rock-breaking effect. Then, the numerical simulation model of the spin multi-nozzle jet bit was established, and the influence of different rotation speeds on the rock-breaking effect of the jet bit was analyzed. Finally, the rock-breaking drilling characteristics of the spin multi-nozzle jet bit and the conventional multi-nozzle jet bit were compared and analyzed. The results show that when the jet impacts the rock surface, the larger the inclination angle is, the larger the rock-breaking width formed by the jet is. The smaller the dip angle, the greater the rock-breaking depth. When the inclination angle is greater than 60°, it is difficult to meet the needs of reaming. The width and depth of the nozzle gradually increase with the increase of the diameter. When the nozzle diameter is greater than 1.3 mm, the growth rate of rock-breaking depth begins to decrease. The optimum nozzle diameter is 1.3 mm. When v = 50 m/s, the damage caused by the jet to the rock surface is very small, because the condition of rock fracture is not reached with this velocity. This shows that there is a critical value of the water jet impact velocity, and only when the velocity is reached, will the rock break. When the velocity is v = 150 m/s, v = 200 m/s, v = 250 m/s, v = 300 m/s, the rock breaks. At the same time, the higher the speed, the higher the degree of rock fracture, the greater the fracture depth, the greater the fracture area, and the better the fracture effect. The tangential and radial velocity of the jet increases the shear and tensile failure rate of the sample, and improves the rock-breaking efficiency of the jet, which has a certain guiding significance for improving the rock-breaking drilling efficiency of radial horizontal well drilling.


The research is intended to develop a remotely operated quadcopter system. This quadcopter is controlled by graphical user interface (GUI). By using wireless communication system the communicatin between Quadcopter and GUI can be done . The balancing condition of quadcopter is sensed by AVR controller and IMU 5DOF sensor. Quadcopter is equipped with ultrasonic sensor for self balancing. All signals from the sensors are processed by AVR controller board. Output from AVR controller board used to control Quadcopter propellers. Express as interface between control base and Quadcopter. The balancing and stability of quadcopter can be hover by this experiment. The load disturbance up to 250g during it hover condition can be operated by quadcopter. The operating time of quadcopter can be increased by using largest battery capacity. Using 2200mAh Lipo battery the maximum operated time of quadcopter is 6 minutes.


In previous works we have studied the problem of the determination of the Jost function for singular repulsive potentials behaving near the origin like inverse powers. The key was to define ``new Jost solutions'' which, still being asymptotically ingoing (or outgoing) waves, tend to constant (Jost functions) near the origin. It was shown from the perturbation expansion in coordinate space of these ``new Jost solutions'' that we can construct the Jost functions by connecting the radial coordinate r and the order of the perturbation expansion p. More precisely, if we introduce an r(p) dependence, the Jost function is the limit of convergent sequences provided r(p) goes to zero less rapidly than a given limiting dependence rL(p). In this paper, working in coordinate space, the same method is extended for two other families of singular potentials: firstly, we consider the case in which the most singular part of the potentials behaves like G2(log r−1)βr−2n, (n ≥ 1, β arbitrary) near the origin; secondly, we st...


One-hundred Black college students attending a historically Black college and university (HBCU) on the east coast of the United States participated in a study intended to explore and provide baseline information on the relationship between violent media consumption and aggression in Black college students. Results suggest that, consistent with college students and emerging adults in general, Black college students are heavy users of violent media and that violent media is related to aggression. This study makes an important contribution to the research literature by illuminating violent media consumption and the relationship between violent media consumption and aggression in a population that has been overlooked or understudied by previous media violence-aggression research.


Review by Alistair J. A. McCulloch Professor, School of Public Administration and Law, The Robert Gordon University, 352 King St., Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, AB9 2TQ. TEL: 01224-262909. Helge Ole Bergesen and George Parmann, eds. GREEN GLOBE YEARBOOK 1993 : AN INDEPENDENT PUBLICATION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. 271 pp. US$49,95 cloth ISBN: 0-19-823323-X . Part (75%) recycled paper. I have waited with a rare sense of anticipation for the publication of this second Yearbook from the Fridtjof Nansen Institute. My anticipation has not been misplaced. The previous edition's fairly equal division of essays and reference material has been continued here, giving the work considerable added value over the more usual collections of essays on the environment. In the first section, readers are offered articles by a distinguished and experienced group of authors. The areas covered are: the role of NGOs at the 1992 Rio Summit, forestry and biodiversity, international business and sustainable development, GATT, the World Bank, and the attempts to solve pollution problems in the North Sea through international cooperation. These topics have been chosen to further the Yearbook's objective of demonstrating: (1) how far the international community has come in solving environmental and development problems, (2) what the main obstacles are to effective international solutions, and (3) what needs to be done to overcome these hindrances (13). Like sustainability itself, the achievement of these objectives is a long-term project to which the authors make a useful contribution. Good as the essays are (and they are very informative), what makes the Yearbook really stand out is the reference section. The first part of the reference section systematically details 42 international agreements on the environment and development. Agreements on biodiversity, atmosphere, marine environment, hazardous substances and nuclear safety are included. The specifics on each agreement include: objectives, scope, time and place of adoption, entry into force, number of parties, any affiliated protocols, annexes and organizations, any secretariat, rules and standards, monitoring/implementation, decision-making, and publications. The participation of individual states in each agreement is summarized in a separate table. The second and third parts of the reference section give similar treatment to 18 major inter-governmental organizations and 24 NGOs. The details offered for each of these include: objectives, organization, secretariat, activities, decision-making bodies, finance, and publications. As before, national participation in each of these organizations is summarized in tabular form. The reference section offers unparalleled easy access to the world of treaties, coordinating bodies, and international pressure groups. For individuals who are (or think they may be) interested in a particular treaty or organization, this book (and its sister volumes) offers a splendid starting point. It will be of value to decision-makers in the public, private and voluntary sectors, as well as to educators, researchers and students. However, being available only in hardback, its price is likely to mean that it will be bought by institutions rather than individuals. For this reason, I would suggest strongly that librarians place a standing


Background: The post-IPO anomalous behaviour in the short and long-run are among the well-recognised anomalies in corporate finance, and exist on all equity markets. The researchers are not unanimo ...


In this study, to propose the analysis method of heat and smoke behavior of fire using the CFD-based fire simulator FDS, comparison of the simulation results against the experimental results and the sensitivity of the results to the grid sizes have been investigated. For the wood fire, thermal images captured from the experiments were compared against the FDS simulations, and the maximum temperatures agreed in~4.3 % error, showing the applicability of FDS in the interpretation of the fire phenomena. In the aspect of the sensitivity to the grid size for the subway fire, FDS results of smoke temperature, CO concentration and visibility converged and showed no distinct changes for the grid size , guaranteeing that the FDS fire model set in this research could interpret the fire phenomena successfully.


Based on the definition of Pegg-Barnett phase state, the phase probability distribution funtions of coherent state are analytically calculated. It is shown that the phase probability distributicn curve is a straight line in vacuum state and that in coherent state is: the average distribution, → the Poisson distribution → the average distribution.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Post-operative bradycardia is common but intrinsic rhythm often recovers. There is little consensus on the optimum time to wait between cardiac surgery and the implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PPM). Earlier device implantation may facilitate shorter length of stay. However, it may expose some patients who have no long-term pacing requirement to the risks associated with device therapy. This study aimed to understand how the number of days between cardiac surgery and PPM implantation is associated with pacing dependence and recovery of intrinsic conduction by 30 days.

 We examined healthcare records of consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery at our centre between 01/01/2015 to 01/01/2021. The primary outcome measures were pacing dependence (PD) at 30 days and recovery of intrinsic conduction at 30 days. Recovery was defined as showing evidence of intrinsic rhythm at the 30 day check after being pacing dependent at the time of implant. Patient demographics, baseline ECG characteristics and surgical procedure were recorded. Time to pacemaker implantation and pacing indication were identified.
 Pacing checks at 30 days post implant were reviewed and PD defined as no intrinsic rhythm seen over a 30 second period with base rate set at 40bpm. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to determine factors significantly associated with the primary outcome measures. Subsequent receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal timing of pacemaker implantation as defined by the Youden Index. This aims to maximise sensitivity and specificity of days to implant in predicting PD and conduction recovery at 30 days.

 Following 5849 operations, 103 (1.8%) patients underwent PPM implantation for a new bradycardic indication. The baseline characteristics of those paced are summarised in table 1. Numerous factors were associated with pacing dependence at 30 days on univariate analysis (table 2). However, multivariate analysis showed that only PD at implant and days to implant (DTI) were significant predictors of PD at 30 days. The only significant association with conduction recovery was DTI.
 ROC analysis showed that the optimal DTI is 12 days for a variety of analyses: 1.) Predicting PD at 30 days for all patients (AUC 0.620, SE 0.056, p=0.031, 95% CI 0.511-0.730) 2.) Predicting PD in patients whose PPM indication was AV nodal dysfunction (AUC 0.706, p=0.001, Youden Index (YI) 1.34). 3.) Predicting recovery of intrinsic rhythm in patients who were pacing dependent at implant (AUC 0.80, p= 0.000, YI 1.515).

 The number of days between surgery and pacemaker implantation is the only factor significantly associated with both pacing dependence and recovery of intrinsic conduction at 30 days. The optimum time to wait is 12 days to allow time for intrinsic conduction to recover.


Background The identification of serum biomarkers of lung inflammation would facilitate the diagnosis of inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses. Hypothesis Horses with IAD have higher serum concentrations of markers of inflammation compared to controls. Animals Twelve horses with IAD and 10 control horses. Methods This was a prospective case–control study. Blood and BALF were collected from horses with IAD and controls. Serum concentration of surfactant protein D (SP‐D), haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA) and of the soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM‐1) was measured using commercial ELISA tests. Results Horses with IAD had higher serum concentration (log‐transformed values) of SP‐D (mean ± SD: 1.773 ± 0.51), haptoglobin (6.657 ± 0.202) and SAA (0.128 ± 0.396) compared to controls (0.942 ± 0.226, 6.38 ± 0.22, −0.398 ± 0.319, respectively; P < .01 for all). Furthermore, the concentrations of SP‐D and haptoglobin combined allowed differentiating the 2 groups (IAD: 8.43 ± 0.564, controls: 7.322 ± 0.249, P < .0001) with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% when a cut‐off of 7.70 (log value) was employed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Surfactant protein D and haptoglobin serum concentrations could be a diagnostic aid in IAD. Further studies are necessary to establish the specificity of our findings before they can be applied in everyday practice.


SUMMARY A total of 10 especies of enchytraeids of fresh and stuarine waters from the North of Spain is reported, five of which are new to the Iberian Peninsula. Taxonomic aspects are commented for some of the species.


This conference proposes to investigate the methods of audiovisual description for people with visual impairments, as well as, from a case study, to deepen and problematize the exclusive sense of vision as preponderant in the reception of films. The scarce field of research on the processes and policies of inclusion in cinematographic art has gained relative relevance in recent years, above all, from the very question presented in films whose thematic of blindness is under discussion, among them: The miracle of Anne Sullivan (1962) by Arthur Penn; Dance in the dark (2000), by Lars Von Trier; Tirésias (2003) by Bertrand Bonello and Essay on blindness (2008) by Fernando Meirelles Bird Box (2018) by Susanne Bier.


Cost pass-through elasticities measure the percentage decrease in prices from a percentage cost reduction. For given cost reductions, lower elasticities harm consumers through a lower pass-through to prices. But these same lower elasticities may increase cost-reducing innovation by firms and thereby help consumers by leading to lower prices. To explore this trade-off, pass-through elasticities are first estimated for 253 US manufacturing industries. After this, two second-stage regressions that use the estimated elasticities are introduced. The first regression finds that higher seller concentration leads to lower pass-through elasticities, whereas the second finds that the lower pass-through elasticities, which accompany higher concentration, lead to higher average annual productivity growth. This means there is a trade-off, and lower elasticities can benefit consumers.


AIM To investigate the clinical pathologic characters and the principles of diagnosis and treatment in Mirizzi's syndrome. METHODS To analysis retrospectively the data of clinic and operation in 38 cases of Mirizzi'ssyndrome treated in our hospital from August, 1984 to March, 2002. RESULTS ①Charcot's triad and Murphy's sign were observed in 38 cases of Mirizzi's syndrome. Dilation of intro extrohepatic bile duct and/or a curve impression of extrohepatic bile duct were demonstrated clearly by diagnostic examination (ultrasound, CT and/or ERCP). ②Clinic pathologically, typeⅠa, Ⅱb and Ⅱc were 15, 15 and 8 cases, respectively. Congestion and dropsy and hemorrhagic spot were visible with fibroendoscopy operatively. ③Cholecystectomy and exploratory choledochostomy were performed in all of 38 cases while common bile duct defect were repaired with pedicled gallbladder flap in 23 of 38 cases. CONCLUSION ①Removing pathogeny, relieving obstruction, repairing defect and driaining biliary duct are the basic principles of surgical treatment in cases with Mirizzi's syndrome. ②Cholecystectomy (or partial excision) with exploration of common bile duct is the basic surgical procedure in all case, and a repair procedure of large common bile duct defect should be made in some cases with biliobiliary fistula in the same time. ③A special attention should be given to the pre operative diagnosis and to the exploration and drainage of the biliary duct in patients with Mirizzi's syndrome.


Objective: The general objective of the study was to optimize the mango peel powder (MMP) with wheat flour to formulate the high fiber biscuit. The specific objectives were to calculate the proximate content of wheat flour, mango peel powder and formulated biscuits; to optimize the mango peel powder content in the formulations by sensory method and to calculate the elevated fiber content in the best formulation.


The article states that accounting consulting services are one of the most effective tools and means that can help enterprises, institutions, organizations to avoid possible and unnecessary mistakes in accounting and tax accounting at a minimum cost, to avoid unwanted penalties in the event of errors in the management of accounting and tax accounting. In view of this, the characteristics of the accounting consulting services are given, among them: accounting in accordance with the current legislation, timely fulfillment of the client's obligations to the state authorities, representation of the client's interests in the fiscal authorities, preparation and submission of declarations and reports to the fiscal authorities, consultations on the reorganization of accounting, diagnostics of the financial condition of the enterprise, establishment of control mechanisms (development and improvement of the internal control system), development of an enterprise's policy in accordance with the requirements of P (C) BO and IFRS, restoration of accounting and tax accounting, preparation of various forms of reporting, introduction of accounting automation systems. The main advantages of using accounting services are outlined and the main criteria to consider when choosing a consulting company are determined. The stages of rendering accounting consulting services and their features are considered. The paper proves that frequent changes of the legislation, especially in the part of taxation, and the necessity of introducing automated accounting systems at enterprises ensuring the correctness and rationality of the organization of accounting lead to the expediency of appeal of managers or owners of enterprises to the services of consulting companies that provide a wide range of advisory services and practical recommendations on solving specific problems of the enterprise in the field of management and its organizational development.


A novel fully hydraulic variable valve system is described in this paper, which achieves continuous variations in maximum valve lift, valve opening duration, and the timing of valve closing. The load of the unthrottled spark ignition engine with fully hydraulic variable valve system is controlled by using an early intake valve closing rather than the conventional throttle valve. The experiments were carried out on BJ486EQ spark ignition engine with fully hydraulic variable valve system. Pumping losses of the throttled and unthrottled spark ignition engines at low-to-medium loads are compared and the reason of it decreasing significantly in the unthrottled spark igntion engine is analyzed. The combustion characteristic parameters, such as cyclic variation, CA50, and heat release rate, were analyzed. The primary reasons for the lower combustion rate in the unthrottled spark ignition engines are discussed. In order to improve the evaporation of fuel and mix with air in an unthrottled spark ignition engine, the in-cylinder swirl is organized with a helical intake valve, which can generate a strong intake swirl at low intake valve lifts. The effects of the intake swirl on combustion performance are investigated. Compared with the throttled spark ignition engine, the brake specific fuel consumption of the improved unthrottled spark ignition engine is reduced by 4.1% to 11.2%.


Aiming at the difficult characteristics of existing railway shallow depth excavation tunnel construction,combining with the construction project of Xinglin large Bridge railway tunnel in Xiamen,analysed the rationality of tunnel construction technology,and monitored the tunnel excavation,so as to effectively ensure the safety construction of tunnel.


Our principal finding from this study is that there are changes at the level of brain electrical activity (EEG), in the time-frequency domain, during states of perceptual detection of postural instability of the virtual person. The Morlet wavelet transform was applied to examine the phase-locking transition within the 10-40 Hz frequency range as a function of change in the focused attention during perceptual tasks aimed to detect non-stable postural dynamics. It was found that the high energy 40 Hz time-frequency cluster at the fronto-central area was preceded by 20 Hz signal activity and followed by a 30 Hz signal cluster when subjects detect non-stable postures. This fortifies the use of time-frequency analysis as an invaluable tool for the detection, estimation and tracking of event-related EEG frequency distributions.


Introduction/purpose: This paper presents the transformation of the current, classical approach to teaching. Online platforms enable students with and without disabilities to follow classes without hindrance during the lecture period. After the lecture, they are allowed to view video and presentation materials. The main advantage of this way of teaching is the possibility of attending classes from any location and from any device; it is only important to be connected to the Internet. Methods: Full integration with the already existing Faculty Information System has been performed. The paper describes a new approach to teaching and illustrates the expected benefits of online teaching. The platforms used in this integration are Microsoft Azure, Microsoft Office 365 Admin, Microsoft Teams, Microsoft Stream and Microsoft SharePoint. Results: The result of the test of work with students showed that by introducing a system for online teaching, we directly affect the improvement and quality of teaching. Conclusion: Considering all the results, it can be concluded that the transition to the online way of teaching allows end listeners a comprehensive transfer of knowledge as well as re-listening to the same. This model can be used for an unlimited number of users in all Institutions, regardless of whether the field of activity of these Institutions is of educational origin.


According to the parking features of electric vehicles (EVs) and load of production unit, a power supply system including EVs charging station was established, and an orderly discharging strategy for EVs was proposed as well to reduce the basic tariff of producer and improve the total benefits of EV discharging. Based on the target of maximizing the annual income of producer, considering the total benefits of EV discharging, the electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) and time-of-use (TOU) price were introduced to establish the optimization scheduling model of EVs discharging. Furthermore, an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm (IAFSA) combined with the penalty function methods was applied to solve the model. It can be shown from the simulation results that the optimal solution obtained by IAFSA is regarded as the orderly discharging strategy for EVs, which could reduce the basic tariff of producer and improve the total benefits of EV discharging.


The impact of random user motion on intelligent paging schemes is examined and quantified. It is shown that, depending on the size of the location area (LA), the random user motion can increase the cost of locating subscribers in mobile networks substantially.


The people of Bangladesh are underprivileged from continuous grid electricity. Despite the plentiful supply of renewable sources of energy in Bangladesh, currently their contribution to the electricity supply remains inconsequential. Use of renewable energy is considered an indispensable component of sustainable energy systems, as renewable energy resources emit less greenhouse gas emissions compared to other non-renewable energy systems. Out of the various renewable sources, solar and biogas and to a limited extend, wind and hydro-power are effectively used. Though the biogas production was the leading and most appropriate renewable energy resource in our country, it has become notably insignificant due to the lack of appropriate strategies and institutional settings. To address this, this article examines Bangladesh's current energy strategies and institutional settings and investigates future strategies for the advancement of biogas production. This article argues that further significant efforts could be made toward energy sustainability in Bangladesh and the development for a national sustainable energy policy.


System safety is defined and characteristics of the system are outlined. Some of the principle characteristics include role of humans in hazard analysis, clear language for input and output, system interdependence, self containment, and parallel analysis of elements.


The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) are the result of mutations from a single substitution, insert, or deletion of base pair. These substitutions are perpetuated when mismatches occur and are not corrected. There are two types of substitution: transitions when there are base changes between a purine (A and G) or between pyrimidine (C and T), and transversions when a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or vice-versa. We believe that SNPs occurence and distribuition in genomes do not occur just due to selective biological pressure but should be related also to physical properties of regions where these events occur. In this work we evaluated the influence of free energy and flexibility in the SNP distribution for one prokaryote genome and eight eukaryote genomes. Since the adjacent bases play an important role for SNPs occurrences, we analyzed the local disturbance that mismatches cause in the DNA structure considering the base composition immediately adjacent to mismatch positions. Therefore, we obtained from the dbSNP database (release 132) the available sequences for nine organisms and classified them according to SNP type: transition or transversion. We use the methodology found in the literature to calculate the values of free energy and flexibility for two base pairs and extrapolate them to evaluate the properties for a region with three base pairs containing a central mismatch. Our results indicate that for some organisms there is a linear correlation between the SNP occurrences and free energy. It is also possible to see that SNPs occurs preferentially in the region of DNA with a high value of free energy. On the other hand, our results also show that the flexibility of the a microregion interfere with the occurrence of SNPs since most of these events tend to occur in a rigid microregion when compared with canonical DNA base pairs. Finally, when correlating free energy and flexibility we observed that for some genomes the high frequency of transitions occur in microregions which are more stable and rigid while transversions occur more frequently in microregions with low stability but which are still rigid.


Objective To investigate the effect of carvedilol (Car) on pacemker current (I_f) of atrial myocytes of old rats(22-24 month).Methods The single atrial myocytes of the rats were isolated by Langendorff perfusion device.I_f was recorded with whole-cell patch clamp technigue.Results I_f density was decreased significantly by Car.At the test potential of -150 mV,the average density of I_f was decreased from (3.2±0.4) pA/pF to (2.4±0.3) pA/pF by Car 1.0μmol/L (P0.01).I_f was inhibited by Car in voltage-dependent manner and Car significantly blocked I_f at negative test potential.I_f was reduced by Car in concentration-dependent manner at concentrations ran- ging from 0.1 to 30.0μmol/L,with IC_(50) of 1.37μmol/L (95% confidence limit:0.57-1.96μmol/L).Further- more,steady state activiation curves were shifted to negative by Car.The half-maximal activation voltages (V_(1/2)) were shifted to (-96.2±4.7) mV and (-87.5±2.3)mV in Car treatment group and control group,respectively, demonstrating that I_f activation procedure was partly blocked by the effect of Car.Conclusion Car can decrease I_f density of atrial myocytes of old rats.


Protein fold recognition plays a crucial role in discovering three-dimensional structure of proteins and protein functions. Several approaches have been employed for the prediction of protein folds. Some of these approaches are based on extracting features from protein sequences and using a strong classifier. Feature extraction techniques generally utilize syntactical-based information, evolutionary-based information and physiochemical-based information to extract features. In recent years, Finding an efficient technique for integrating discriminate features have been received advancing attention. In this study, we integrate Auto-Cross-Covariance (ACC) and Separated dimer (SD) evolutionary feature extraction methods. The results features are scored by Information gain (IG) to define and select several discriminated features. According to three benchmark datasets, DD, RDD and EDD, the results of the support vector machine (SVM) show more than 6% improvement in accuracy on these benchmark datasets.


Objective To know the status of health education on IDD in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and to recognize the existing problems and guide the activities in heath education.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the students of the grade five and housewives,using the method of probability proportional to size.Results The average scores of the students of the grade five and housewives were 53.2 and 90.7,the passing rate of IDD knowledge among the students of the grade five and housewives were 37.5%and 100%.33.2% of the students of the grade five and 26% of housewives knew the harmfulness of iodine deficiency disease.31.5% of students of the grade five spread knowledge of IDD to their parents.28% students heard of knowledge of IDD.Conclusions The effect of health education on iodine deficiency disorders among students of grade five in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps was not ideal,and health education on IDD should be strengthened and emphasis should be put on the propaganda of knowledge.


Under severe contamination, typified either by sand dust storm or heavy salt fog ceramic insulators experience problems such as high leakage current, burning of crossarms and flashover. Several years of field tests in heavily polluted areas around the world have demonstrated that hybrid insulators with highly protected creepage designs are very effective. In this paper mainly the Taiwan's problem and its solution are addressed. Special insulator designs, along with excellent material properties, are required to reduce leakage current and prevent flashover. The manufacturing of such protected creepage designs requires polymeric materials with good processibility in addition to good tracking and erosion resistance and hydrophobicity.


Due to the increasing demands for higher channel bitrate continuous pulse shortening is under research. The main goal of this paper is to describe and simulate effects of dispersion and nonlinear phenomena on ultra-short optical pulses propagating through optical fibers. The paper shows that the effect of dispersion causes a frequency shift which can be compensated by self-phase modulation. On the other hand our results prove that effects caused by high-order nonlinearities can be compensated as a result of the third order dispersion which is demonstrated in case of forming the solitary waves.


This BOF is a chance for information sharing among faculty interested in involving students in ICTD research and/or service learning toward cultural and economic development globally. It takes a lot to get students out into the field. Challenges include developing partnerships, negotiating agreements, vetting the safety of destinations, identifying sources of funding, navigating the logistics of immunizations, visas, accommodations and flights to less-traveled places, reassuring parents as to the wisdom of their child's participation, managing development partner expectations, advising students' activities, and many more. This BOF will provide a venue for sharing experiences, information, and identifying potential new collaborations.


To obtain white rot fungi which have selective delignification capacity and can be used in biopulping processes, 94 different wood rotting fungi were screened and the capabilities of selected species were evaluated on deciduous and coniferous wood blocks. White rot fungi, first of all, were selected by simple enzyme tests, i.e., cellulase activity test; phenol oxidase activity test; laccase and peroxidase activity test. Most organisms that gave a positive Bavendamm gave a strongly positive laccase test with syringaldazine whereas most of those that gave a negative Bavendamm test also negative test for laccase and peroxidase, even if some exceptions were noted. Wood decay experiement were carried out to select fungal species with selective lignin-degrading ability by inoculating selected fungi to both wood blocks of Populus tomentiglandulosa and Larix leptolepis. After 12 weeks of incubation, weight losses, lignin losses, and morphological characteristics of the decayed wood were investigated. Almost all fungi tested caused 2 or more times of weight losses in P. tomentiglandulosa than in L. leptolepis, while no weight losses were detected from the un-inoculated wood blocks. Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were the best delignifiers for both hardwood and softwood. P. chrysosporium, however, was less effective than C. subvermispora. Bjerkandera adusta and two unidentified spp. caused delignification for only P. tomentiglandulosa. B. adusta caused simultaneous rot of all cell wall components, resulted in thinning of the secondary cell wall layers. Other fungi caused selective delignification resulting in the removal of lignin from middle lamella and separation of cells from each other.


This study mentioned a yacht-type chiller design working between 50 and 200 kW. Ventilation and air conditioning systems on a yacht provide the conditions necessary for the proper internal medium for the staff, passengers, cargo, machinery, and auxiliary systems. The conditions of the internal medium in a yacht are controlled by air conditioning, heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification processes. Ventilation and air conditioning systems are primarily simple, reliable, and must be practical. Also, the ability to control noise and vibration caused by these systems and the maintenance costs should be lower. The power of the total air-conditioning and ventilation is calculated to be 105 kW for 15 rooms on a yacht. For the system to work efficiently, rather than a single system to 105 kW, 35 kW at 3 units, the establishment of a chiller system is preferred. The Mollier diagram of the system (refrigerant R-407C) is produced to accept an evaporation temperature of 1 °C (minimum) and a condensation temperature of 45 °C (maximum), and then the values of power, efficiency, and COP are calculated. By taking the design flow velocity in pipes of 12 m/s pipe diameter, the calculation is done for 3 basic lines (suction, discharge, and liquid). According to the calculated data, the suitable components were selected and assembled to establish a yacht type chiller. Necessary security checks were done for the system to work correctly, and finally, the system was ready for installation.© 2012 ASME


Due to geographical factors as well as many different subjective and objective ones, the relations between Vietnam and China have an important position with direct influence and multi-dimensional impact on the development of Vietnam. Historical facts show that whenever Vietnam handles bilateral and multilateral relations with China well, it will create a favorable international environment and ensure security and peace for the development of the country. Since the official establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries (1949) to 1975, mutual support and assistance have always been at the core. Logically speaking, after 1975, the traditional relations between the two countries should have been further strengthened and developed. However, after the Vietnam War (1975) and under the impact of many subjective and objective factors, increasingly serious conflicts arose in the Vietnam - China relations, leading to the termination of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1978. Of which there are three major disputes regarding the issues of Chinese-Vietnamese people; Democratic Kampuchea; and the East Sea and terrestrial border.