Social tags can provide highly Abstract information about not only item contents but also personalized prefe-rences,hence using labels could improve the accuracy of personalized recommendation.As a result of user preferences changes over time,network resources also will be increased as time goes by.How to recommend the network resources in which users have immediate interest based on the user preferences changes becomes a new research problems in the recommendation system.Combined with using tag frequency and label time on user-object-tag tripartite graphs,we proposed a recommendation algorithm based on tag time-weighted network.Experimental results demonstrate that the usage of tag time-weighted can significantly improve accuracy and diversification of recommendations.


Correctly identifying the redundancy in a system design and its interface with other systems or subsystems is essential for determining if the overall design meets the desired reliability requirements. Incorrectly listing components or interfaces as redundant or not recognizing the redundant functions the components provide can cause the reliability analyst to be unsuccessful in catching common cause failures in the overall system design. The Space Shuttle program reliability requirements contain a requirement for separation of redundant command and control paths. Its intention is to keep common cause failures from stopping redundant commands from being issued when needed as well as preventing inadvertent activation of redundant commands. Determining if commands and/or components provide redundancy to other commands or components in a system cannot be determined merely from looking at how the commands/components connect to each other. One must first determine what the critical function(s) the components need to accomplish for the system to operate successfully. The critical function could be to turn something ON, or the critical function might be to ensure something turns OFF at the right time. It could be that keeping something from prematurely turning ON or OFF is the critical function. After determining the critical functions the commands/components need to perform, the analyst can consider how they connect and can identify the commands/components in the system that provide redundancy for the critical function


Several factors impede the collection of reliable data on railway-killed wildlife including the relative inaccessibility of railway-lines; the lack of experienced individuals to observe, identify, and record railway-kills; and the inherent difficulty of identifying and investigating railway-wildlife incidents from moving locomotives. As a consequence, data sets on wildlife mortalities along railways may not have sufficient resolution to define issues and suggest mitigation strategies. The authors examine these issues along the Mountain Subdivision of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) crossing the Rocky and Columbia mountains in eastern British Columbia, Canada. In this area, the CPR parallels the Trans-Canada Highway (TCH) and either traverses or runs adjacent to a combination of protected landscapes (Glacier, Mount Revelstoke, and Yoho national parks) and multiple-use (provincial) lands. During 1993-98, the authors gathered concurrent data on railway-killed wildlife from a single experienced observer and a routine monthly reporting system (several observers). While the species composition identified by the 2 methods was similar, the experienced observer reports had better resolution to species and identified about 2x as many individual railway-kills. Using data from the experienced observer, the authors illustrated the non- uniform species-specific seasonal and geographic distribution of the railway-kills and the potential correlation of scavenger kills to ungulate kills. The authors list wildlife attracted to railway-kills and grain-spills and describe methods to reduce these attractants. Based on these observations, the authors conclude with 7 recommendations for consideration by jurisdictions and companies addressing railway-wildlife interactions: 1) concentrate mitigation strategies on identified problem areas; 2) develop an on-going training program for running crews to compliment wildlife reporting systems; 3) remove railway-kill carcasses from the vicinity of the right-of-way to reduce attraction to scavengers; 4) remove any spilled attractants (e.g., grain) in a timely manner; 5) reduce chronic grain spillage through car maintenance and handling procedures; 6) manage right-of-way vegetation to reduce attractiveness to wildlife; and, 7) share databases between jurisdictions.


We have investigated the floating full color image display with the computer-generated hologram (CGH). The floating image, when utilized as a 3D display, gives strong impression to the viewer. In our previous study, to change the CGH shape from the flat type to the half cylindrical type, the floating image from the output CGH has the nearly 180 degrees viewing angle. However, since the previous CGH does not have wavelength-selectivity, reconstructed image only has a single color. Also, the huge calculation amount of the fringe pattern is big problem. Therefore, we now propose the rainbow-type computer generated alcove hologram. To decrease the calculation amount, the rainbow hologram sacrifices the vertical parallax. Also, this hologram can reconstruct an image with white light. Compared with the previous study of the Fresnel type, the calculation speed becomes 165 times faster. After calculation, we print this hologram with a fringe printer, and evaluate reconstructed floating full color images. In this study, we introduce the computer-generated rainbow hologram into the floating image display. The rainbow hologram can reconstruct full color image with white light illumination. It can be recorded by using a horizontal slit to limit the vertical parallax. Therefore, the slit changes into the half cylindrical slit, the wide viewing angle floating image display can reconstruct full color image.


Designing and building the next generation of extremely large telescopes (ELTs) is arguably the greatest challenge ever undertaken by astronomers. ELTs will address the major science issues of the next two decades, enabled by huge gains in sensitivity resulting from collecting areas that are more than 25 times larger than those of the largest telescopes today. Using current technologies, the size, complexity, and cost of instrumentation increases with the square of a telescope's diameter.1 Building scaled-up versions of the current generation of instruments seems beyond reasonable limits of feasibility for the planned 42m (diameter) European ELT (E-ELT: see Figure 1). New and innovative approaches in instrument layout, system engineering, and manufacturing strategies are required. In the European astronomical community, the highest priority for ground-based optical and near-IR instrumentation has been identified as high-multiplex, multi-object spectroscopy (MOS).2 For the E-ELT, the European Southern Observatory (ESO) has awarded support for several concept studies,3 some of which address MOS approaches. In addition, as members of an international consortium, we are investigating an alternative that offers various advantages, including significant science gains because of a high multiplex factor and flexible deployment, low cost associated with small sizes of individual units, easy scaling because of a modular approach, and minimum risk using proven technologies. Our proposed MOS instrument concept, ERASMUS-F,4 builds on the consortium's combined expertise. Technologically, it is based on optical-fiber systems and the spectrograph subsystems of the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE: see Figure 2),5 Figure 1. The 42m (diameter) European Extremely Large Telescope, planned for completion in 2018 ( c European Southern Observatory).


Purpose – To illustrate problems a developing country faces in generating and managing agricultural R&D funds and to portray some practical solutions to these problems. Design/methodology/approach – A case study of cocoa and coconut R&D in Papua New Guinea is used to illustrate the problems and solutions associated with funding and managing agricultural R&D in a developing country context. Findings – Several problems associated with donor funding, unreliability of funding and corruption are outlined. Solutions to these problems include fund diversification, commercial activity by the R&D provider to generate their own source of R&D funds, changes to national legislation to provide greater security of national funding for agricultural R&D and introduction of some performance-based incentives for scientists. Research limitations/implications – Being a case study limits the ease of generalizing its findings. Practical implications – The issues of generating R&D funds and their governance are widespread problems in developing countries. This study shows some practical solutions to these problems. Originality/value – This paper offers some practical solutions and insights about improved management of agricultural R&D funds in a developing country. Its findings have possible relevance for many other developing countries.


Let K be a finite extension of the rational number field Q and L a finite abelian extension of K. For a subextension M of L/K, we denote by E (resp. W) the group of units of M (resp. the group of roots of unity in M) and define E/K={, e EIN/, e W for all subextensions F=/=M of M/K}, where N/ is the norm map from M to F. The elements of E/ are called relative units of M over K. We put =E/W/WE//W. In this note we shall prove Theorem. Let denote the set of cyclic subextensions of L/K. ( ) (E/W): [[e and the product is direct. (ii) Let r, r be the numbers of real and complex places of K, respectively, and Z the ring of rational integers. For M e , let r denote the number of real places of K which are unramified in M and let denote the ring of integers of the [M'K]-th cyclotomic field. Then is an module. Moreover, (Z+if M:K, 0 if MK and r7 +r=0, [+if MK and r+r>O,


For the longitudinal cracks on XXX hollow HEAT projectile tail rod,the semi-product and raw materials,cracks occurred on which,were analyzed through chemical analysis,metallographic structure inspection,mechanical performance testing and scanning electron microscope analysis,and relevant conclusions were drawn.


of scurvy, has long been debated by medical and naval historians. It is one ofthe subjects revisited in Fish and Ships, which, in covering subjects ranging from fireworks to drunkenness, is considerably broader than its title might suggest. Following a foreword by Glyndwr Williams, Fish and Ships combines photographs and commentary on the museum's current exhibits with four essays by authorities on various aspects of its subject. Janet Macdonald provides a brief overview of contemporary naval victualling. This concentrates primarily on shipboard organization and while more might perhaps have been said on how provisions got onto the ship in the first place, it is a useful summary nonetheless. Brian Vale's subsequent discussion of Cook's place in the conquest of scurvy is a very good summary of the debates around it, concluding with the very fair point that, much as Cook's place in the conquest ofscurvy has been exaggerated in the past, the more recent tendency to denigrate him for not doing more is misplaced, since he was a practical naval officer rather than a scientist, and the latter ignored his comments anyway. Nancy Pollock then explores the foodstuffs that Cook found in Tahiti and New Zealand, and more importantly the interactions ofthe very different cultural and spiritual significances attached to food by Europeans and their hosts. Finally, Simon Werrett discusses the uses made of fireworks by Cook and previous explorers, which at first appears a little out of place in a work whose main focus is gastronomic, but which is in fact an interesting essay that concludes with the intriguing suggestion that an ill-judged display of pyrotechnics may have contributed to the Hawaiians' change ofattitude towards Cook in the weeks leading up to his murder. The essays are necessarily brief, but all form useful, well-researched and readable introductions to their subjects. They are complemented by two catalogue sections containing photographs of the exhibits with commentary and divided thematically. The photographs are of excellent quality and the commentary is detailed, complemented by contemporary quotations and drawings, and is therefore extremely interesting. For example, six drawings of species of fish caught during Cook's second voyage are accompanied by a short discussion of the dangers ofeating some unfamiliar fish species. "Two red fish the size of large bream," we learn, poisoned many ofthe ship's officers and killed some ofthe livestock carried aboard. The whole volume is very well illustrated with contemporary drawings of shipboard life and scenes from the Pacific dating from the 1760s to the early nineteenth century. Fish and Ships works on two levels. It is an excellent and exceptionally wellproduced museum catalogue, and certainly serves to whet the reader's appetite for a visit. It is also a very good collection of essays. As such, it is well worth a look.


Background: Intraarticular loose bodies following simple dislocations can lead to early degeneration. Non concentric reduction may indicate retained loose bodies and offer a method to identify patients requiring exploration to avoid this undesirable outcome. Methods: 117 consecutive simple dislocations of the hip presenting to the hospital from January 2000 to June 2006 were assessed for congruency after reduction by fluoroscopy and good quality radiographs. Patients with non concentric reduction underwent open exploration to identify the etiology and removal of loose bodies. The post operative results were analyzed using Thomson and Epstein clinical and radiological criteria. Results: 12 of the 117 (10%) dislocations had incongruent reduction which was identified by a break in Shenton's line and an increase in medial joint space in seven patients, superior joint space in three patients or a concentric increase in two patients. CT scan performed identified the origin of the osteocartilagenous fragment to be from the acetabulum in six patients, femoral head in four, from both in one and one patient had inverted posterior labrum. In addition to this a patient had posterior capsular interposition. Following debridement, congruent reduction was achieved in all patients. At an average follow up of four years and nine months (4.9 years), the functional outcome evaluated by Thompson and Epstein criteria was excellent in 11 cases and good in one case. Conclusions: Intra articular loose bodies were identified by non-concentric reduction in 12 out of 117 patients with simple hip dislocation. Careful evaluation by immediate post reduction fluoroscopy and good quality radiographs are a must following reduction of hip dislocations.


Aiming at the problem of the instability or even divergence of the navigation system in which the satellite navigation system is vulnerable to be interfered and the GPS system is easy to be shielded when aircraft flight in a high dynamic state, the unscented kalman filter (UKF) algorithm is used in this paper to improve the performance of the integrated navigation system based on strap down inertial system(SINS) and geomagnetic navigation system(GNS). The geomagnetic model and integrated system are modeled, and the UKF algorithm is used for navigation data fusion for the reason of high nonlinear for observation equation. A high dynamic aviation trajectory is used to verify and analyze this scheme, and the result shows the moderated accuracy for error estimation for SINS. Without using external reference signals, the new passive integrated navigation system is robust for flight environment, and it is good for engineering application in high dynamic passive navigation.


T task of a propellant expulsion system is to supply gas-free propellant on demand to spacecraft thrusters for the duration of the mission. For orbital spacecraft, which may experience periods of adverse or near zero-gf accelerations, the expulsion system must assure that all or portions of the propellants are in contact with the tank outlet; that gas is prevented from entering the tank outlet during thruster startup; that pressurization gas entrained in the settling propellant bulk does not enter the tank outlet; and that propellant vortexing, gas pull-through, and propellant slosh do not significantly reduce the system expulsion efficiency. Many types of positive propellant expulsion systems have been developed for orbital spacecraft, each with advantages and problems, as summarized in Table 1. Development of these devices usually centers on. mechanical testing in simulated prototype environments. Although performance of these devices has been good, the reliability concern of the mission planner increases when very long missions are considered because there are no established accelerated life testing techniques. Recent experience with capillary systems has shown that they satisfy expulsion system requirements as well as the desire for passive simplicity. Indeed, the question of long-


A method for rapid quantitative analysis of the content and distribution of short chain branching (SCB) for α-olefin/ethylene copolymers based on thermally fractionated DSC is presented. Eight commercial polyethylenes, four made with conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts and four made with metallocene catalysts, were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), after having been thermally segregated by successive nucleation annealing (SNA). The polyethylenes were also analyzed by temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR). The SNA-DSC procedure segregates polyethylenes according to methylene sequence lengths (MSL). The relationship between DSC melting temperature and SCB content was obtained by calibration with linear hydrocarbons; TREF results were not used in the SNA-DSC calibration. Deconvolution of the SNA-DSC endotherms yielded estimates of the average SCB contents and SCB distributions. The SCB contents obtained from the SNA-DSC for linear low density polyethylenes agreed very well with the SCB contents obtained by 13C-NMR and TREF, and the SCB distributions measured by SNA-DSC were very similar to those obtained by TREF. The SCB contents obtained by SNA-DSC for ultra-low density polyethylenes, made with metallocene catalysts, were about 20% lower than the values obtained by 13C-NMR; the values obtained by TREF were even lower.


The active centers of the carbonization of carbon sorbents from vegetable raw materials (rice husks) were altered to purposefully modify the surface of the Ingo-2 nanostructured carbon sorbent. The study revealed a corrective effect of Ingo-2 on the organism of animals experiencing in chronic intoxication with heavy metals. Experimentally, morphological, digital and mathematical assessment of the condition of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract laboratory animals (white rats) in vivo revealed the influence of Ingo-2 on the deposition and the excretion of Cu ++ , Pb ++ ions. This was confirmed by the absence of morphological changes in the experimental animals when administered in the diet over 17 days, with 5–10 g sorbent Ingo-2 used for the neutralization of 10 mg Pb(NO 3 ) 2 and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , which represents approximately 0.1 LD50 (Lethal Dose). The methodology of the research established positive effects of these treatment and its quantitative characteristics were defined.


FIELD: natural plant compounds. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preparing novel polyphenolic fractions from tea, Camellia sinensis, their using and to compositions comprising thereof. Invention relates to a specific preparing caffeine free extracts but containing polyphenols obtaining from epigallocatechin in their natural ratio. These extracts can be used alone or in combination with lipophilic antioxidants, sulfurized amino acids or oligocomponents showing biochemical or nutrient significance. The use of these new extracts alone or in combination with other active components show the profit for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields and ensures to obtain high-effective antioxidant showing a differentiated cytotoxic effect. EFFECT: new polyphenols of tea, valuable significance. 21 cl, 1 tbl, 10 ex


This article reports on a research study investigating the use and perceptions of corporate information agencies by competitive intelligence (CI) practitioners. The corporate information agency is a corporate library or an information/knowledge center. CI practitioner refers to those business professionals, in various organizations, who are particularly committed to strategic and competitive intelligence analysis and production activities. In this study, we administered a survey to a sample of 214 CI practitioners to ascertain the extent to which they utilize, are aware of, and perceive the usefulness of corporate information agencies provided by their organizations. With 63 valid responses, we observed high degrees of use, awareness, and perceived usefulness. Multiple regression results also show significant correlations between perceived usefulness and use of the corporate information agency among the responding CI practitioners. Supported by empirical evidence, these findings provide a benchmark of knowledge regarding the value of corporate information agencies in CI practices.


The moult count time-series for Dassen Island and Robben Island, historically the two most important African penguin colonies in the Western Cape, are updated with data collected during the 2011/2012 season (1 july 2011 to 30 June 2012). The counts made over this period have been converted to aggregates for the season using the technique of fitting the sum of two Gaussian curves and calculating the area under the function (Robinson 2012).


In order to improve movie audio scene (MAS) recognition accuracy, weighted finite-state transducer (WFST) is proposed to recognize MAS in this paper. WFST is introduced firstly, how to construct WFST is introduced secondly, WFST is used to recognize MAS using FBANK, MFCC and PLPCC, separately. The experimental results on twenty MASs using the three features shows that WFST can recognize MAS well, FBANK feature performs better than MFCC and PLPCC, which can reach 79.9%.


The present invention relates to a high strength hot-rolled steel sheet used as a material for a vehicle, home appliances, and building construction. In particular, the present invention relates to the high strength hot-rolled steel sheet used for manufacturing a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet using the same, and an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, and a manufacturing method thereof. More particularly, when the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is manufactured by using the high strength steel sheet, a hot-rolling process is prioritized to be controlled so that a buckling phenomenon can be prevented and the hot-rolled steel sheet having excellent cold rolling properties can be manufactured. When the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is manufactured, conditions of an annealing process are controlled to effectively prevent elements, which are included in the steel sheet and easy to be oxidized, from being diffused. Therefore, the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet or the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent surface quality can be obtained.


Each firm has to identify the factors of perceived value in order to offer the value which customers want, rather than the value which the firm perceived. If the difference between customer's and firm's perception exists then the service gap appears and customers do not receive the service which they wanted. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how service provider should create its offer based on customer perceived value and which dimensions of the offer should be improved for attracting more customers and maintaining the existing ones and which gaps should be avoided. In addition to the theoretical framework in this paper is presented an example of the venues' providers in UK. Venues' providers have to recognise all important factors of customers' perception in order to offer the value which consumers want.


Dulma Clark is an MSc student in the Centre for the Study of Human Rights. Her film "Safina" screened at the Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London earlier this year. Fellow MSc student Lily Kendall caught up with her to find out more.


The rollout algorithm is a suboptimal control method for deterministic and stochastic problems that can be solved by dynamic programming. In this short note, we derive an extension of the rollout algorithm that applies to constrained deterministic dynamic programming problems, and relies on a suboptimal policy, called base heuristic. Under suitable assumptions, we show that if the base heuristic produces a feasible solution, the rollout algorithm also produces a feasible solution, whose cost is no worse than the cost corresponding to the base heuristic. 1 Supported by NSF Grant ECS-0218328. 2 Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, M.I.T., Cambridge, Mass., 02139.


The objective of this project is to promote integrated pest control strategies to individuals responsible for Landscape and turfgrass maintenance. This program will be promoted both to individuals working in the public and private sector. Since accurate diagnosis is the first step in IPM, improving the diagnostic skills and scouting in the landscape situations will be key objectives of this project. Resource handouts from this program to allow participant to have a reference for pest problems. In addition a familiarity with the diag nostic process and the availability of assistance through diagnostic labs will be created.


In the experiments isolated environment,the effect of Chrysomya megacephala(Fabricius.) pollination on yield of B.campestris was studied,and the difference with other pollination methods was compared.The results showed that the effect of C.megacephala pollination was not significantly different from that of hand pollination and bee pollination,but significantly different from that pollinated by Musca domestica L.and flies mixed by both C.megacephala and houseflies under the same density.The prophase pollination effect of C.megacephala was better than the anaphase.


To achieve a better understanding of the effect of droplet impingement on the weld profile and grain morphology, welding with vertical and inclined torches in the double pulsed-gas metal arc welding of aluminum alloy were compared. When using vertical welding, the grains along the wall of the finger-like penetration (FLP) were refined by a more violent flow driven by droplet impingement running in the confined space created by FLP. When using inclined welding, the sharp inflection point disappeared and the curved columnar grains emerged on the non-impact action side, which was attributed to the gradually weakened impingement at that location. Moreover, when the penetration became shallower due to a low mean current, the droplets impinged alternately along split trajectories, causing significant changes in the grain morphology, such as creating grains which were sharply shortened by the direct impact of droplet impingement at impact point. The change of trajectory was ascribed to the variation of the width/depth ratio of FLP, which changed the magnitude of the contradiction between the room required by the fluid flow driven by droplet impingement and the space supplied for that by FLP.


The structure of an engine plays a key role in its performance on various NVH benchmarks. Materials used to manufacture engine casing quantify noise emissions. Previous studies have pointed out towards the nonlinear and time variant nature of sound attenuation properties of an engine. This paper aims to investigate the sound transfer function of a medium stroke gasoline engine. Data was acquired from a gasoline engine test rig to study the relationship between in-cylinder pressure development and the resulting radiated noise. The spectrum of noise emissions acquired was compared with the spectrum of in-cylinder pressure developed using cepstrum analysis in order to obtain the transfer function. This function, which represents the structural attenuation of an engine, is mainly dependent on the shape of the combustion chamber, fuel injection parameters and material properties of the engine structure. The test engine was operated at various conditions to see effects on the acoustics transfer function. Variations in the sound pressure levels (SPL) of the transfer function were found to be almost the same, in spite of variations in engine testing conditions. The major novelty of the discussed methodology shows versatility of application of cepstrum analysis technique which has been previously used for non-intrusive fault diagnosis methodology.


The characteristics of Athletes' human capital of the Induction is to solve the problem of starting point.Starting from athletes' professional characteristics,this essay systematically analyzes the human capital dependent,self-interest and initiative,personal attributes and fluidity of property rights,timeliness and heterogeneity,highly specificity and structural scarcity,variability and cumulativeness and other features.It also clarifies that competitive ability is the only basis of the value measurement of athletes' human capital.Sports performance itself is not a factor of production,because it does not have the input-output and exchange value characteristics.Therefore Sports performance can not be used as capital.Although Sports performance cannot be used as capital,but it is the value of Athlete' human capital to exchange general equivalence.Because the athlete's result is different,the value of Athletes' human capital in the process of exchange gains must also exist much difference.This essay is to provide a new perspective for the systematical analysis of athletes' training and security issues.


We studied photocarrier recombination processes in highly excited SrTiO3 crystals using pump-probe transient absorption (TA) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at room temperature. TA signals of nondoped SrTiO3 crystals clearly appear in the visible and infrared spectral region under intense interband photoexcitation, and TA spectra show Drude-like photon-energy dependence. Both TA and PL decay curves are well explained by the same simple rate equation including three-body Auger recombination and single-carrier trapping.


ABSTRACT
Policy of Assistance to the Family Hope Program (PKH) through Law Number 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System which was followed up with Regulation of the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2018 concerning PKH. One way that has been done by the government to prosper and reduce poverty by giving assistance to shortage society.
The aim of this study was to identify the Implementation of the Family Hope Program in the framework of the distribution of community welfare in Bungo District. The study used descriptive method with qualitative. Data analysis using data collection, data reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions and verification.
The results showed that the implementation of the policies carried out by related government agencies was improving the quality of life in the fields of education and health, but the reality in the field was found that the implementation of the family of hope program in Bungo district had not been able to fully realize equitable welfare for the community, this was indicated from the distribution of funds that had not been equitable and injustice in determining the participants receiving PKH funds.

Keywords: Implementation, Family Hope Program (PKH), Community Welfare.


It is proposed that watershed areas, as planning units, are the adequate scenario to reduce the vulnerability of the territory against impacts such as global climate change and biodiversity loss.

The adaptive potential to climate change depends on factors such as the ecological integrity of watershed areas, the cultural adaptation of the communities and the management capacity of institutions. This generates a framework of responsibilities aimed to build a joint vision of land-region, to choose the best adaptation and education process, to sustainable use of resources, to food safety and to management biodiversity threats.

As a methodological framework for adaptation, we propose a joint strategy in the context of landscape modeling. Such strategy aimed to reduce ecosystems vulnerability, should promote not only the resilience of natural and transformed ecosystems, but also promote activities that involve a cultural change in the use and transformation of the territory. Such actions can be developed through a documented process and steps of social participation to stimulate the level of community social organization and generate discussions on watersheds adaptability to climatic change.


1 Carlin BI, Resnick MI. Indications and techniques for urologic evaluation of the trauma patient with suspected urologic injury. Semin Urol 1995;13:9-24 2 Davenport A, Goldsmith HJ. Ruptured bladder presenting as acute renal failure. BrJ Hosp Med 1989;41:579-80 3 Dees A, Kluchert SA, van Vliet ACM. Pseudo-renal failure with intestinal leakage of urine. NethJ Med 1990;37:197-201 4 Peters PC, Sagalowsky Al. Genitourinary trauma. In: Walsh PC, Gittes RF, Perlmutter AD, Stamey TA, eds. Campbell's Urology. London: WB Saunders, 1986:1191-246 5 Mullkey AP, Witherington R. Conservative management of vesical rupture. Urology 1974;4:426-30


Purpose Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), a widely used biomaterial for bone regeneration, contains synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), the ratio of which can be adjusted to modulate the rate of degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic benefits of reconstructing peri-implant bone defects with a newly developed BCP consisting of 40% β-TCP and 60% HA compared to demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Methods This prospective, multicenter, parallel, single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted at the periodontology departments of 3 different dental hospitals. Changes in clinical (defect width and height) and radiographic (augmented horizontal bone thickness) parameters were measured between implant surgery with guided bone regeneration (GBR) and re-entry surgery. Postoperative discomfort (severity and duration of pain and swelling) and early soft-tissue wound healing (dehiscence and inflammation) were also assessed. Data were compared between the BCP (test) and DBBM (control) groups using the independent t-test and the χ2 test. Results Of the 53 cases included, 27 were in the test group and 26 were in the control group. After a healing period of 18 weeks, the full and mean resolution of buccal dehiscence defects were 59.3% (n=16) and 71.3% in the test group and 42.3% (n=11) and 57.9% in the control group, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the change in mean horizontal bone augmentation (test group: −0.50±0.66 mm vs. control groups: −0.66±0.83 mm, P=0.133), postoperative discomfort, or early wound healing. No adverse or fatal complications occurred in either group. Conclusions The GBR procedure with the newly developed BCP showed favorable clinical, radiographic, postoperative discomfort-related, and early wound healing outcomes for peri-implant dehiscence defects that were similar to those for DBBM. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0006428


The liquid cooling unit comprises a pump body (51). The pump body (51), the nipple defining the outlet passage of the refrigerant (42b) is defined. Elastic tube (41b) is coupled to the nipple (42b) while receiving the nipple (42b) from the tip. In front of the pump body (51) fixing member (52) is arranged. Groove (55) is partitioned to the fixed member (52). Groove (55) supports the nipple (42b) in the nipple elastic tube from the distal end of (42b) to a predetermined length (41b). At the same time, the groove (55), receive a tip from a predetermined elastic tube (41b) alone to a length in front of the nipple (42b) of the nipple (42b). As a result, pulsation in the pump body (51) is also generated, generation of vibration in the elastic tube (41b) is avoided. Vibration generated from the pump (39) is maximally suppressed.


In order to explore the environmental factors which affect the measurement accuracy of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technology by which the content of main elements of the liquid alloy steel is detected during the smelting process, this paper summarizes and lists the factors which effect on the measurement accuracy of the LIBS measurement system in three aspects such as equipment configuration, working environment and data analysis link. Especially, the factors of smelting environment are paid more attention and investigated deeply. Then a rough set-based attribute reduction method is designed to dispose of the data of the selected from environmental factors and screen the key factors affecting the spectral strength among them. The 26 groups of data selected from the known literature are employed to verify the validity of the attribute reduction method proposed in this paper. The computing results show that the environmental atmosphere and temperature influence on the spectral intensity and the measurement accuracy much more than the other factors and the method is effective.


Gridhrasi (sciatica) is one among Vata-vyadhi caused by aggravated Vata Doshas . It is characterized by burning, stinging or numbing pain that is felt in the buttock, thigh, leg or foot. It may or may not be associated with low back pain. Purpose of the study was to ameliorate the clinical manifestation of Gridhrasi . In this case report patient who suffered from Gridhrasi of the left leg since one year was treated with combined Ayurvedic regimen. Patrapinda Swedana for 21 days and Erandmuladi Niruhabasti as Karma Basti schedule were used as Panchakarma procedure. Ekangaveera Rasa 250mg B.D., Dasmoola Kwatha 40ml B.D., Ashwagandha Churna 3g B.D. and Triyodashanga Guggulu 2 Tablets B.D., were given for 1 month as oral medicine. Walking distance and SLR test were taken for assessment parameter, VAS score was adopted for pain. Before treatment patient was not able to walk even 4 to 5 steps due to severe pain and his SLR were 30⁰ of left side. After one month treatment he can walk up to 500 meters without any difficulty, SLR was changed to 90⁰ and patient had got 75% relief in pain. This case report showed that combined Ayurvedic regimen is potent and safe in the treatment of Gridhrasi .


The development of effective team‐skills is an essential component in modern day medical curricula and students regularly undertake group activities for this purpose. The quality of the end result is often used as a measure of team performance however it can say little about the team‐skills employed to achieve the goal. To encourage student to take the development of team‐skills seriously these need to be formatively assessed to give the process a sense of reality Student groups were given instructions and a set of histological images. As the task was time‐constrained teamskills were assessed on time management; organisation of group; communication; data processing; decision making and communication of the answer to examiner. The examiner also awarded marks for correct knowledge. The OSBE provided a total mark which contributed to a formative assessment mark based on team‐skills and knowledge. This mark was shared equally among individuals in the group. We believe that this is a valuable and reliable tool to test group skills within a subject‐based scenario.


With the passage of time, the development of communication technology and transportation broke the isolation among people. Relationship tends to be complicated, pluralism, dynamism. In the network where interpersonal relationship and evolved complex net based on game theory work serve respectively as foundation architecture and theoretical model, with the combination of game theory and regard public welfare as influencing factor, we artificially initialize that closed network system. Through continual loop operation of the program, we summarize the changing rule of the cooperative behavior in the interpersonal relationship, so that we can analyze the policies about welfare system about whole network and the relationship of frequency of betrayal in cooperative behavior. Most analytical data come from some simple investigations and some estimates based on internet and environment and the study put emphasis on simulating social network and analyze influence of social welfare system on Cooperative Behavio.


SummaryWe report a case of neurilemmoma of the left obturator nerve, presenting with urological symptoms. Laparoscopic exploration of the left pelvic space, and excision of the neurilemmoma was performed successfully.


It is now recognised that the cells responsible for bone remodelling could respond to two stimuli: a fluid flow around them or a potential difference existing on the free surface of collagen fibres where they adhere. Responses to these stimuli have different consequences: destruction of bone and building of new tissue with the same architecture or with a different architecture. If cells can create bone or fibrous tissue just when bathed in a fluid, how can they deduce the optimal architecture they must build? However, the electrical potential generated, thanks to the piezoelectric properties of collagen fibres, can provide this functional information because it is directly linked to the mechanical information inside the bony structure. The SiNuPros model (Predoi-Racila and Crolet 2008) shows that collagen is the perfect agent to transduce both the nature and the orientation of mechanical stresses to which bone is subjected. We are interested by the evaluation of fluid effect on bone remodelling, and for this we study the behaviour of porous non-resorbable bone graft substitutes because, in this case, the electric potential stimulus due to collagen does not exist. The first part of this study aimed at reviewing the influence of macropore diameter and macroporosity percentage on bone ingrowth in such substitutes. In our review based on 28 experimental and clinical studies, macroporosity percentage, macropore diameter and interconnectivity have been shown to affect bone ingrowth within a porous substitute. Microporosity most likely contributes to a faster development of the vascular network and to nutrient transfer (Hing et al. 2005), so it plays a minor role for bone ingrowth in non-resorbable substitutes. The presence of well-interconnected pores, rather than porosity percentage, is suitable to bone ingrowth; but since it is most difficult to evaluate interconnection size and most of the time the interconnection size is not quantified in commercial bone substitute, we decided to consider porosity (the sum of pore space and interconnection space). To summarise, the minimum requirement for macropore size in porous bone substitute is 100mm (Karageorgiou and Kaplan 2005); smaller pores usually allow fibrous or osteoid unmineralised tissue ingrowth. However, the optimal range of macropore size is still controversial: porous Nitinol bone substitutes show the highest bone ingrowth, even when the pore size is at the limit of the commonly accepted range (Zhu et al. 2008), and no significant differences have been found in bone ingrowth among the different porosity sizes. In synthetic porous hydroxyapatite and porous titanium bone substitutes, the volume of bone ingrowth is directly related to both percentage and size of macroporosity; however, in a porous titanium bone substitute with macropore size ranging from 50 to 125mm, good bone ingrowth can be observed (Xiangmei et al. 2011). Regarding porosity, it ranges from 39% to 80% in porous titanium bone substitute; from 42% to 66% in the porous Nitinol bone substitutes and from 30% to 80% in the synthetic hydroxyapatite bone substitutes. High porosity is favourable for bone ingrowth, but it results in a loss of mechanical properties.


UNLABELLED
The protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on hypertension (HTN) are well known; however, the association between muscular strength and incidence of HTN has yet to be examined.

PURPOSE
This study evaluated the strength-HTN association with and without accounting for CRF.

METHODS
Participants were 4147 men (age = 20-82 yr) in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study for whom an age-specific composite muscular strength score was computed from measures of a one-repetition maximal leg and a one-repetition maximal bench press. CRF was quantified by maximal treadmill exercise test time in minutes. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of incident HTN events according to exposure categories.

RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 19 yr, there were 503 incident HTN cases. Multivariable-adjusted (excluding CRF) HR of HTN in normotensive men comparing middle- and high-strength thirds to the lowest third were not significant at 1.17 and 0.84, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted (excluding CRF) HR of HTN in baseline prehypertensive men comparing middle- and high-strength thirds to the lowest third were significant at 0.73 and 0.72 (P = 0.01 each), respectively. The association between muscular strength and incidence of HTN in baseline prehypertensive men was no longer significant after control for CRF (P = 0.26).

CONCLUSIONS
The study indicated that middle and high levels of muscular strength were associated with a reduced risk of HTN in prehypertensive men only. However, this relationship was no longer significant after controlling for CRF.


Low‐frequency noise measurements have been made throughout the entire useful bias range of germanium and GaAs Esaki diodes. Evidence is presented in agreement with Esaki and Yajima that a near square‐law relationship exists between the mean‐square, short‐circuit noise current and excess current for bias voltages beyond the valley voltage in germanium diodes. Attempts to find a like relationship in GaAs were not conclusive. Measurements of the noise within the negative‐resistance regions of the diodes showed a nearly continuous exponential relationship between excess noise and bias for the germanium units and a similar plot was obtained for the GaAs diodes, except a well‐defined peak in the noise current was found at about 0.2 v forward bias. The evidence that the results indicate a rather continuous distribution of allowed states in the forbidden band of the germanium samples and a possible localized maximum in these states in the GaAs samples is discussed.


We study the general version of the inverse problem for planar trajectories and for autonomous dynamical systems possessing three integrals, i.e., for a given three-parametric family of curves f(x,y,a,b)=c we find the potential V(x,y) for which these curves are orbits of a unit mass. All possible cases, depending on the preassigned function f, are classified and in each case the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution are established. Among the examples is the case of the Keplerian conic sections which is studied in detail.


The effectiveness of testing is a major determinant of software quality. It is believed that individual testers vary in their effectiveness, but so far the factors contributing to this variation have not been well studied. In this study, we examined whether personality traits, as described by the five-factor model, affect performance on a software testing task. ICT students were given a small software testing task at which their effectiveness was assessed using several different criteria, including bug location rate, weighted fault density, and bug report quality. Their personality was assessed using the NEO PI-3 personality questionnaire. We then compared testing performance according to individual and aggregate measures against different five-factor personality traits. Several weak correlations between two of these personality traits, extraversion and conscientiousness, and testing effectiveness were found.


A method has been evolved for the rapid determination of tin and antimony at levels of about 0·4 and about 0·2 per cent., respectively, in lead alloy used for sheathing electric cables.The sample is dissolved in a mixture of fluoroboric acid and hydrogen peroxide and the determination is completed by atomic-absorption spectroscopy with the use of an air-acetylene flame for antimony and a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame for tin. The method of dissolving the sample avoids the precipitation reactions that are likely to arise from lead, antimony or tin if conventional acid dissolution processes are used and hence permits a direct and rapid analysis by the atomic-absorption technique.Calibration for antimony must be effected with a solution containing the dissolution mixture and, in calibration for tin, lead must additionally be present.


Protocols for creating multipotent cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) in vitro are continually improving in their efficiency. However, it is less clear how to control the differentiation of CPCs into cardiomyocytes in a robust and scalable fashion. To identify molecules that trigger the decision to differentiate, we study CPC development in zebrafish, where we can track the progression of myocardial differentiation in vivo. The embryonic zebrafish heart is built through two distinct phases of cardiomyocyte differentiation: an initial phase that establishes the heart tube and a later phase that recruits cardiomyocytes to create the outflow tract (OFT). Fgf signaling is required for OFT formation, but it is unknown which genes function downstream of Fgf signaling to execute the production of cardiomyocytes. Through gene expression profiling, we have identified a cell adhesion molecule, cell adhesion molecule 4 (cadm4), that is repressed by Fgf signaling and plays a crucial role in inhibiting CPC differentiation. Strikingly, knockdown of cadm4 function results in a dramatic enhancement of the number of OFT cardiomyocytes. Our results suggest a model in which Fgf signaling promotes cardiomyocyte recruitment by limiting cadm4 expression and thereby altering the cell adhesion properties of CPCs. Thus, we propose a novel adhesion‐based mechanism for the regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation.


The objective of this case study is to apply the filtersim algorithm to a large 3D data set. The goal is to enhance the shadow zones in a subsalt seismic image. Subsalt seismic imaging is a crucial tool for exploring and developing hydrocarbon reservoirs under salt bodies. Shadow zones in such seismic imaging are caused by complex wave propagation, providing incomplete information on the geological structure and stratigraphy. The idea is to enhance the shadow zones in subsalt seismic imaging by extending prior geological knowledge available in neighboring zones (Biondi, 2005). The filtersim algorithm can be generalized to 3D by adding three filters to identify the specific aspects of patterns along the vertical Z-direction, resulting in the total of nine 3D default filters defining a 9-dimensional score space. By partitioning this 9-dimensional score space, 3D training patterns can be classified based on their filter score values. On the basis of this classification, the sequential pattern simulation procedure is applied. It proceeds by identifying the 3D pattern class that best matches a local 3D conditioning data event, then picking a pattern from that class and patching it onto the simulation grid. The patterns and structures present in the training image are thus exported to the final simulations. The data used for this case study is a real data set obtained from a subsalt seismic imaging. The data set is defined on a grid of 450 × 249 × 50 pixels, see Figure 1. The original data values have been linearly transformed into the interval [0, 256]. There


A partial molar pregnancy is a variation of a molar pregnancy in which an embryo either develops incompletely or with multiple structural anomalies. The aim of this study was to present a rare case of partial molar pregnancy coexisting with a normal diploid fetus.

A 32-year-old woman gravid 3, Para 2 (2 previous cesarean section) was referred to Ghaem hospital, an academic hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, in 2020 at 34 weeks of gestation due to labor pain. She had an ultrasound-based diagnosis of partial molar pregnancy with the normal female fetus at 30 weeks for the first time. Due to 2 previous cesarean sections and regular uterine contractions, She underwent cesarean section at 34 weeks and 2 days. A normal female infant with a normal Apgar score was born. The postpartum period is complicated with preeclampsia. The pathological evaluation confirmed partial molar pregnancy. The neonatal Karyotype was 46 XX and the neonatal period was uneventful. Maternal serum β-hCG reached normal after 5 weeks of cesarean.

Partial molar pregnancy with the coexisting normal fetus is a rare condition, however, it may complicate the pregnancy outcomes, which affected both mother and fetus. So early diagnosis and close follow-up may prevent catastrophic maternal and fetal complications.


Our objective was to study mixtures of nematic liquid crystals with dissimilar dielectric anisotropies but similar phase properties. Using light scattering and microscopy, we have established the phase boundaries and transition widths of mixtures of 4′-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl and 4′-methoxybenzylidene-4-butylaniline. In addition to the isotropic-nematic transition, there is a second induced phase for certain concentrations, which we conclude is an induced smectic B phase. Recent theoretical works provide a model for nematic to induced smectic A transition by combining Flory–Huggins and Maier–Saupe–McMillan theories. From our phase transition data and the application of the above theoretical framework, we conclude that there is a possibility of strong interaction between the two mesogens that produces the smectic B phase.


TIOVI I 0ME 289 gaczn_relc, Loui-. A; Glasser Amy J. The Term Analysis; Continu -y from In Assessment. Thtough Program Revision. Apr 79 3Bp.; paper presented at the Annual Internati nal Convention, The Council for Ilcceptional Children (57th, Dallas, Texas, April 22-27, 1979 Session T5 1) MF01/ CO2 Plus Pos *Blhavaor Patterns; Conceptual Sc Methods; *Handicapped Child ren; 4fRecordkeeping; *Student Evalua *Thee Term Analysis *Evaluation els; 4Cbservation; Three term analysis (a fcrmat for g a stuc in T-olatiln 041-ler people and to the Physical 111i_ ent) is Excpcsed as a way of p c vi ding taacksr5 (including those of the handicapped) with a vehicle for viewing all behavior and recording all aspects of the planning process. E. Savor]. 5 behaviorni formulations are presented followed by a discussion of how they can be used in various aspects cf prograff E3arring and implene_ntation. Included in the discussion is the application of three term analysis t,o observing and roc riling behavior, specifying objectives, analyzing tasks, designing educational strategiea,; and evaluating an educational activity. The elements in !apon's basic Principle for the Description of Behavior are defined as the environment immediately ante.cedent to a set of movements (or S.etting) , what a person does (or Movement) , and the environment immediately following the set of movements (Cr Sursequence). A strategy for teaching a child to draw a straight line is used to illustrate the format, (SIGH) ***** * * * **** b** * * * ******** ied by EDRS ars the best that can be made * om the original document. * ************** * **** ********************* **** * Reproductions sap ILI 4 OEPARTNONT OF HkALTH, DLICA I Wet-FARE NAT IONAL issTirtrre OF FOOCATIoN TrliS 21/11Aa NT HAS REEF, TIF "CT' DucEr7 E XACC ( AS RECFIVEO FROM TFTF PC R5Ord OR ORGANIZA T ION QR IOIN Al INC, IT FON 14 OF VIEW OA OPINION5 STATED 00 50T NEcEs5ARILy TIF RF/F. SENT OFT ICIALNATIONAL IN$TITOTt OF ECU c, ION PI2SI T 'ON OR POT ICY Three Trim Analysis Continuity from Initial Assessment Thro Program IZevision Louise A. Kacznurolc, Ph.D. Departnent of Special Education West Virginia University Amy J. Clasor, Ph. D. Center for Teaching aril Learning University of North Dakota Papal prose d at 57t Animal Canyon ion Council For Exceptonat Children Dallas, April 23, 1979 'PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED f3Y


This paper presents a comparative study between the performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) fed by two types of inverters when the speed exceeds the base value. The first one is the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), at this case the Field Weakening Control (FWC) is adopted to drive the motor. The second type is a Bidirectional quasi Z-Source Inverter (BqZSI) that has both the bucking and boosting capability within a single stage. Consequently, if the motor has to operate above the rated speed, BqZSI will boost the dc link voltage to avoid applying the field weakening technique. With FWC, the direct current of the PMSM has a negative value to reduce the total field inside the motor to increase the speed, so the drawn current from the supply is increased and the efficiency of the drive system will be decreased. Unlike VSI, BqZSI boosts the voltage across the PMSM utilizing the shoot-through periods and keeps the direct motor current equal to zero value. The comparative study is done with the same parameters with the two inverters based on MATLAB software. The results show that PMSM driven by BqZSI has high efficiency compared to that driven by VSI with FWC.


This paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing Asia using bilateral FDI flows for the period 1990 to 2005. We pay particular attention to possible differences in the determinants of FDI flows to developing Asian economies from the rest of the Asia-Pacific region compared to those from nonregional OECD economies, with an emphasis on the role of distance and time zone. We find that the elasticity of distance is much greater for FDI from the non–Asia-Pacific OECD economies than intraregional Asian flows. However, this difference disappears when one accounts for differences in time zones. The world is not flat; differences in time zones appear to act as a hindrance to FDI.


Two chickens with Marek's disease (MD) (Fowl paralysis) and one apparently normal chicken, which were diagnosed by clinical features and histopathology, were observed by electron microscopy. One bird with lymphoid leukosis was also examined for comparison. Association and multiplication of virus particles (VP) in the peripheral nerves and the skeletal muscles accompanied by degenerative changes were unexpectedly observed. Mature VP measuring from 80 to 100 mp in diameter, covered with double membranes (inner and outer), had an electron opaque central nucleoid measuring 40 to 55 mp and had numerous peripheral knobs on the outside of the particles. In the


The invention of superplasticizers is one of the most important breakthroughs that has led to the development of high performance concrete. Superplasticizers can be used for three different purposes, namely (a) to increase workability without changing the mixture composition, (b) to reduce the amount of mixing water in order to reduce the water-cement ratio and then to increase strength and/or improve durability, and (c) to reduce both water and cement in order to reduce cost in addition to reducing creep, shrinkage and thermal strains caused by the heat of cement hydration. Practical examples of these different ways of using superplasticizers are given by referring to the traditional superplasticizers (napthalene- and melamine-based) and to the recent advances in this area (acrylic polymer-based admixtures). In particular, the following topics are examined: composition of superplasticizers, mechanism of action (electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance), influence of the cement composition (C2A, alkali, SO3), mode of addition of superplasticizers, slump loss, blending of superplasticizers.


Low energy ππ scattering has been studied with high precision by the NA48/2 experiment at the CERN SPS using large data samples of K±→π±π0π0 and K±→π+π−e±ν (Ke4) decays. The π0π0 invariant mass distribution in the K±→π±π0π0 decay exhibits a Wigner cusp at the π+π− threshold, from which the scattering lengths a0 and a2 are extracted. The measurement of a0 and a2 is also performed from Ke4 decay, with similar precision. The combination of these measurement provides a stringent test of Chiral Perturbation Theory.


Integrating ideas from differential geometry and optimization, this chapter develops and applies novel parameterization-based framework to address optimization problems formulated on a smooth manifold, particularly those arise in computer vision. The framework views the manifold as a collection of local coordinate charts. It involves successive parameterizations of a manifold, carrying out optimization of the local cost function in parameter space and then projecting the optimal vector back to the manifold. Newton-type algorithms based on this approach are devised and its local quadratic convergent rate is established via mathematical proof.


Poly[(dodecamethyl-1,6-hexasilanediyl)-1,1′-ferrocenediyl] was prepared from dilithioferrocene and 1,6-dichlorododecamethylhexasilane. The polymer exhibited electric conductivities of 3 × 10−5 S cm−1 upon iodine doping and 2 × 10−6 S cm−1 upon SbF5 doping.


It is axiomatic that assets which form the subject-matter of a trust do not constitute part of the property of an insolvent available for distribution among the insolvent's creditors. Persons responsible for administering the affairs of insolvents take the property of the insolvent subject to equities. One such equity that must be recognised and upheld is the interests of beneficiaries under a trust where the insolvent holds the bare legal title. In this article the applicability of the doctrine oftrusts in the realm of conditional payments will be considerd. If a lender lends money on condition that it is used for a particular purpose and/or paid back out of a particular fund, or if a purchaser pays in advance on condition that the money is used to provide something he wants, to what extent can the lender or payer enforce the conditional agreement?1 There is something of an analogy with prepayments in sale of goods situations. It is possible for a seller of goods to retain title to the goods notwithstanding delivery of the goods to the buyer until the goods have been paid for or some other condition has been fulfilled. Conditional loans or payments are usually discussed under the rubric of the Quistclose trust and it is perhaps convenient to continue this classification. 2


To improve integration and achieve better coal industry materials and energy balance, integrated collaborative supply chains (SCs) are needed. However, as single-core SC models are not suitable for complex coal industry systems, a multicore, correlated, conditional SC model, called a supply chain network (SCN), is proposed. SCN collaborative evaluation models are discussed including industrial metabolic balance (IMB), enterprise profitability, contract execution ability and information interaction ability, for which IMB is used as the efficiency index of resource coordination of SCN, also as the constraints of the models on system levels. Further, data modeling by using BP-ANN algorithm is used to predict the profitability of supply chain network. Finally, the feasibility of the above models is illustrated by cases. The proposed evaluation models in this paper form the scientific and quantitative evaluation method of SC, which could be used for both SC planning and operations management helping detect and eliminate risks.


The bituminous paving industry is moving from the era of empirically- based recipe specifications to one involving measurement of mechanical properties. The Bitutest project based at the University of Nottingham involving nine companies, 14 highway authorities and the DoT is developing suitable low cost, practical tests to measure these properties. This is being achieved using the Nottingham Asphalt Tester, which can be configured to measure elastic stiffness, resistance to rutting and resistance to cracking, all key parameters for bituminous materials in pavement construction. The development of procedures for mixture design, assessment of durability and for the preparation and handling of test specimens form part of the project. (A)


Objective To observe the cytotoxic activity of LHRH-PE40 injection to the human tumor cell lines cultured in vitro. Methods The cytotoxic activity of LHRH-PE40 to the human tumor cell lines cultured in vitro was detected by MTT method, and sensitive tumor cell lines were selected out. Results LHRH-PE40 showed cytotoxic activities to many kinds of tumor cells. In the order of sensitivity to LHRH-PE40, the cell lines were MGC-803(carcinoma of stomach), A549(adenocarcinoma of lung) , MCF-7(mammary cancer), HCT-8(carcinoma of colon), HEPG2(liver cancer) and smmuu7721(liver cancer). Conclusion The study laid a foundation of pharmacodynamical study in vivo of animals and clinical applica-tion of LHRH-PE40.


Ancient epigraphic records of Bihar are one of the major sources of the study of ancient scenario of the state. In this aspect, the study of numismatic references to the epigraphic records is highly recommendable. The present paper attempts to reveal the proper nomenclature of coins prevailing on the land of ancient Bihar through the study of ancient epigraphic records of the state. Studies have revealed several terminologies of numismatic which were in circulation during different periods. Those nomenclatures are Karshapana, Dinar and Dram. It has been accepted commendably that the coinage system of ancient Bihar was very strong from the early dates of coinage of India. However, though the references of coins on the epigraphic records of the state are available, these references are very low in number. This point becomes significant while studying the coinage system of Bihar in detail.


Abstract. Özalp, I., Hasanoĝlu, A., Tunçbilek G. and Yalaz, K. (Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey). Hyperlysinemia without clinical findings. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 951, 1981.‐A three‐year‐old asymptomatic boy with hyperlysinemia is presented. The patient's plasma lysine levels have been constantly high (685‐1 370 μmol/l) and excessive urinary excretion of ornithine, arginine and cystine have been noted. There was no detectable activity of lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase nor saccharopine dehydrogenase in skin fibroblast culture. Review of the reported cases and this patient with serious biochemical defect but without symptoms indicate clinical heterogeneity in hereditary hyperlysinemia.


Background and Aims. There is currently a lack of suitable hematological markers as a complement to pathological factors in predicting the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer. The study aimed to investigate the clinical value of preoperative fibrinogen levels in assessing the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer after radical surgery. Methods. The study retrospectively analyzed 260 gallbladder cancer patients who underwent radical resection. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calculate the optimal cut-off values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and fibrinogen. Besides, univariate and multivariate analyses of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed to determine independent markers in peripheral blood. Then, subgroup analyses of fibrinogen in different degrees of differentiation, age, gender, and BMI were performed by log-rank test. Result. The cut-off values of fibrinogen, CEA, and CA19-9 were set at 2.97 g/L, 2.17 ng/mL, and 41.1 U/mL, respectively. The results showed that the preoperative fibrinogen level was associated with tumor size, degree of differentiation, TNM stage, and CA19-9 levels. Multivariate analyses indicated that advanced TNM stage, excessive fibrinogen, CEA, and CA19-9 levels were independent risk factors for postoperative DFS. And gallbladder neck tumors, poor differentiation, cancer nodules, advanced TNM stage, excessive fibrinogen, and CEA levels were independent adverse factors for postoperative OS. Notably, the preoperative excessive fibrinogen was an independent adverse factor for both DFS (

 p
 =
 0.044

 ,

 HR
 =
 1.629

 , 95%

 CI
 =
 1.014
 −
 2.618

 ) and OS (

 p
 =
 0.006

 ,

 HR
 =
 2.328

 , 95%

 CI
 =
 1.272
 −
 4.261

 ) in patients with gallbladder cancer. The subgroup analyses further indicated that patients with high-level of fibrinogen had both poorer DFS (

 p
 =
 0.002

 ) and OS (

 p
 =
 0.005

 ) than patients with poorly-differentiated gallbladder cancer. And for well-differentiated gallbladder cancer, patients with high fibrinogen levels had poorer OS (

 p
 =
 0.004

 ), but no significant difference in DFS (

 p
 =
 0.062

 ). Besides, fibrinogen was more significant in GBC patients with higher BMI (>22.62) or older age (>60 yrs) and was not affected by gender. Conclusion. Elevated preoperative fibrinogen level was independently associated with poor postoperative DFS and OS in patients with gallbladder cancer, especially for poor differentiation.


This present work attempts to discuss the thematic relations or thematic roles or theta‐roles in linguistic theory. It focuses on the basic of thematic roles agent, patient, theme, experiencer, benefactive, instrument, location, goal, source which portrays the role of participants in a situation. Although roles are primarily classified in interpretive or conceptual terms evidence for the significantce of thematic roles in language and for the identification of particular roles is mainly syntactic. Based on the initial exploration on Serdang Malay Language, it presents one additional thematic role: the 'time‐role' in that language, because its role is often used by the Malay Serdang society.


This thesis is based on a study of Natural Supersymmetry (SUSY) scenarios at the International Linear Collider (ILC). These scenarios are motivated by naturalness, which requires the μ parameter to be at the electroweak scale. The considered Natural SUSY scenario contains three light higgsino-like charginos and neutralinos, e 1 , e 0 1 and e 0 2, with a mass splitting of a few GeV or even sub-GeV, while all other supersymmetric particles are heavy in the multi-TeV scale. Due to the small mass di↵erence of a few GeV, the final state consists of a large missing energy and a few very soft visible particles. Therefore, the analysis of such scenarios is extremely challenging for the LHC as well as the ILC. In order to investigate the feasibility of observing light higgsinos at the ILC, an analysis has been performed using both fast detector simulation and full detector simulation for International Large Detector (ILD). The fast simulation results have indicated that the key observables of the higgsinos can be reconstructed with an uncertainty of a few percent. It has been shown that the results enable determining the lower limits and allowed regions for the mass parameters of the bino M1 and the wino M2, as well as determining the higgsino mass parameter μ to the accuracy of a few percent. The full simulation analysis has provided information about detector requirements, such as the identification of low momentum electrons and muons. The electron identification can be studied by using the ionisation energy loss of the particles per length, dE/dx, which can be obtained from the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of ILD. The identification of low momentum muons has been studied in the context of the thesis by using the calorimeter cluster shape di↵erences between muons and pions. As a result, a method has been developed for particles with momentum lower than 2 GeV, and its impact on the higgsino analysis has been investigated. It has been found that assuming the electrons can be identified with the same e ciency as the muons, the key observables can be reconstructed with the same precision as in the fast simulation case by taking two times more data. The presence of soft final-state particles makes the tracking of high relevance for the analysis. Therefore, a comprehensive hardware study related to the TPC of ILD has been performed. In this study, three commonly used gas mixtures have been investigated in a small gas chamber containing a triple Gas Electron Multiplier stack, and their performance has been compared.This study has enhanced the understanding of the dependency of the charge transfer on the gas type. It has confirmed that the gas proposed to be used in the TPC is the most promising one.


That mixed methods studies have become "trendy" again after a period of disrepute does not mean the issues such methods raise have gone away. Definitional, paradigmatic and methodological issues continue to be raised when researchers write about mixed methods, while design issues, issues in sampling, analysis and reporting and wide - ranging demands on researcher skills, finances and time are faced daily by those involved in a mixed methods study. Mixed methods researchers, in bringing together the benefits of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to research, often claim greater validity of results as a reason for their methodological choices, but without adequate consideration of the issues involved such validity may be more imagined than real.


This project presents the Design of Emergency RFID Traffic Light Systems using the Ultra High-Frequency RFID reader as a detector to control the traffic light system. This project focused on emergency vehicles such as ambulances, firefighters, and police to get on smooth journey at a congested area with traffic light. The proposed way of detection is with RFID tags located at the emergency vehicles to generate emergency traffic lights system. The project established communication between traffic signals and emergency vehicles so that traffic signals can respond to the arrival of these emergency vehicles and respond accordingly. The findings shows that the emergency vehicles recommended speed of around 50km/h while approaching the traffic light. In addition, the distance during approaching the RFID reader does not exceed 7 meters to allow the RFID tag of emergency vehicles can be read clearly. When traffic signals change allowing emergency vehicles to move quickly past traffic with less hassle.


The status of China nonferrous metals industry sustainable development is analyzed and appraised by the 15 indexes of three aspects i e stability, coordinativity, and development level The developing opportunity given by the reformation and open strategy is seized by the China nonferrous metals industry, the shortage of the nonferrous metals supplement is complemented, and China becomes the second large nonferrous metals production country in the world However there still are some uncoordinated problems, and lags behind the international advances


Cloud computing is the delivery of cloud services over the Internet. Cloud services becoming popular because people are able to access their email, social networking site from anywhere in the world, at any time, at minimal charge or no charge. Cloud storage allows users to store their data remotely and use the on-demand high quality cloud applications without load of local hardware and software management. It moves the application software, databases and the important data to the centralized huge data centers, where the management of the data and services may not be fully secure. When user store their data on the cloud, there may be a risk of losing the data, or sometimes data may be modified or updated. It may not be fully secure because the client does not have copies of all stored data. To protect outsourced data against corruption enabling data integrity protection, fault tolerance and efficient recovery for cloud storage is required. This paper delivers a survey about, different data integrity techniques and their limitation. The data integrity techniques for privacy preservation are POR (Proof of Retrivability), PDP (Provable Data Possession), HAIL (High Availability and Integrity Layer for Cloud Storage), erasure codes etc.


Self-assembling spherical colloidal SiO 2 nanoparticles using shear flow leads to the formation of the films, consisting of aligned one-layer microfibers. The termination of fabricated microfibers and films can be described in terms of crystallographic faces of corresponding close-packed structures, which in turn are preset by the kinetic conditions of crystallization. An in-situ X-ray study of the transformation of the nanocrystalline microfibers at high-temperature into a mixture of silica polymorphs with the high-temperature β-cristobalite and tridimite as major components is performed. Microfibers heated in the middle temperature zone exhibit graded morphology, with the degree of coalescence of amorphous nanoparticles changing along the microfiber length. The performed study can be considered as a part of the development of a strategy (which could require both self-assembly and template-assisted steps) toward a bottom-up approach to the design of nanostructure arrays for technological applications.


Galerkin methods for the semiconductor Boltzmann equation based on moment expansions for a discretization in the velocity direction are studied. For the moment equations, boundary conditions are proposed, which are analogues to inflow and, respectively, reflecting boundary conditions for the Boltzmann equation. Stability and an error estimate are proved for an expansion in terms of Hermite polynomials. Finally, an adaptive numerical implementation is introduced and results of numerical experiments are presented.


A study on the possibility of using biosolid, derived from an industrial wastewater plant, in blends with cement pastes to produce manufactures suitable for construction, has been carried out. In the present work a screening on the chemical-physical characteristics of the biosolid is reported; also described is the methodology used for the preparation of the concrete/biosolid samples and the set of tests applied to evaluate the eco-compatibility of the mixtures. An ESCA (Electron Scanning for Chemical Analysis) study was carried out for the chemical characterization of the composite material.


This resource paper on geographcal spatial diffusion is part of a series designed to supplement undergraduate geography courses. Focusing on the unfolding of man': patterns over geographic space and through time, the paper provides the basic theoretical background of this new, rapidly growing area of geography. Following a short introductory section, chapter two outlines the various carriers and barriers to both physical and cultural diffusion. Carrier processes may take the form of expansion, relocation, hierarchical filtering, or contagious diffusion as with diseases. Barriers to diffusion may be physical or cultural, such as differences in languages or levels of technology. Since spatial diffusion takes place on many different scales, chapter three focuses on the various models of individual or micro-level diffusion, urban diffusion, regional diffusion, and macro-level (or national and international) diffusion. Chapter four discusses the frontiers of diffusion research. Also included'is a list of further readings and illustrative references. (Author/DE) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by. EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** SPATIAL DIFFUSIO I U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION S. WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN. ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPY RIGHTED MATERIAL BY MICRO. FIUE ONLY IIAS BEEN GAANTED BY 561 vo 7'41re.. Af4/12k TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERAT ING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THEIYA TIDNAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION. FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMIS SION CIF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER " COMMISSION ON COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY RESOURCE PAPER; No 4 ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS WASHINGTON, D. C. 1969 Supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS 1710 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 2009 RESOURCE PAPERS 1. Theories of Urban Location, B.J.L. Berry, 1968 2. Air Pollution, R.A. Bryson, J.E. Kutzbach, 1968 3. Perspectives on Geomorphic Processes, G.H. Dury, 1969 4. Spatial Diffusion, P.R. Gould, 1969 5. Perception of Environment, T. F. Saarinen, 1969 6. Social Processes in the City: Race and Urban Residential Choice, H. M. Rose, 1969 7. The Spatial Expression of Urban Growth, H. M. Mayer, 1969 8. The Political Organization of Space, E. W. Sofia, 1971 9. An Introduction to Spatial Allocation Analysis, A. J. Scott, 1971 10. Man and Nature, Yi-Fu Tuan, 1971 11. Tropospheric Waves, Jet Streams and United States Weather Patterns, J. R. Harman, 1971 12. The Spatial Structure of Administrative Systems, B. H. Massam, 1972 13. Residential Mobility in the City, E. G. Moore, !972 14. The Periglacial Environment, F?rmafrost, and Man, L. W. Price, 1972 15. Conservation, Equilibrium, and Feedback Applied to Atmospheric and Fluvial Process, J. N. Rayner, 1972 16. Metropolitan Neighborhoods: Participation and Conflict Over Change, J. Wolpert, A. Mumphrey, J. Seley, 1972 17. Computer Cartography, T. K. Peucker, 1972 18. Society, The City, and The Space-Economy of Urbanism, D. Harvey, 1972 19. Thematic Cartography, P. Muehrcke, 1972 20. Man and Environment, K. Hewitt, F. K. Hare, 1972 21. The Use of Radar Imagery in Climatological Research, A. Williams, Jr., 1973 22. Misused and Misplaced Hospitals and Doctors, P. deVise, 1973 23. Visual Blight in America, P. Lewis, Yi-Fu Tuan, and D. Lowenthal, 1973 24. Values in Geography, Sister Annette Buttimer, 1974 25. Participation, Decentralization, and Advocacy Planning, Roger E. Kasperson, Myrna Breitbart 26. Interurban Systems and Regional Economic Development, Walter B. Stohr, 1974 27. Major Job-Providing Organizations and Systems of Cities, Allan R. Pred, 1974 GENERAL SERIES* 9. A Geographical Bibliography for American College Libraries, a revision of No. 2 by G. R. Lewthwaite, E. T. Price, Jr., H. A. Winters, 1970 10. Geography in the Two-Year Colleges, Panel on Geography in the Two-Year Colleges: J. M. Anderson, R. D. Dastyck, L, L. Hodgman, R. E. Lonsdale, C. S. Murton, Jr., S. H. Ross, K. W. Rumage, T. P. Templeton, 1970 12. Planning College Geography Facilities, R. Stoddard, 1973 13. Perspectives on Environment, Panel on .Environmental Education; I. R. Manners and M. W. Mikesell, editors, 1974. *Nos 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11 are out of print. For information and orders on the above publications, write to A.A.G. Payment should accompany order. Prices for the General Series titles and for Resource Papers 1 through 27 are as follows: 1 to 9 copies 10 to 99 copies 100 or more copies


The torque method of measuring the magnetic properties of thin superconducting layers is discussed, and some results reported for experiments in which magnetic fields are applied parallel and perpendicular to the plane of evaporated films of tin, indium and indium-tin alloy. For the parallel case critical fields and supercooling fields can be measured. For the perpendicular case magnetization curves can be derived from the torque curves. The magnetization curves have been studied in some detail and comparison made with the properties of bulk type 2 superconductors.


Ship target detection is increasingly important to the current war today. Space-based Detection is an important way for getting the remote-sensing image included the ship target. Remote sensing image data may contain terrestrial and cloud disturbances. In addition to the sea background, there may be some small islands, and the sea background itself may contain certain noises such as blur, bright spots, and so on. The sea-land segmentation and cloud detection are performed firstly and the noise is filtered out. Then the target enhancement of the ocean image is normalized to eliminate the effects of different phases. Then the detection target is identified according to the threshold segmentation, and the image after the recognition is output according to a certain rule and the background of the ship. The results show that the method proposed can detect the ship targets clearly.


I Introduction Any rereading of von Mises' writings on monetary theory must take earlier interpretations into account. Outside the circle of his closest Austrian followers, the best-known, most authoritative, and representative interpretation is that offered by Schumpeter. In his History of Economic Analysis, the theory "sketched out by Professor von Mises" is described in the following terms: Suppose that banks emerge from a period of recovery or quiescence in a liquid state. Their interest will prompt them to expand their loans. In order to do so they will, in general, have to stimulate demand for loans by lowering their rates until these are below the Wicksellian real rate, which, as we know, is Bohm-Bawerk real rate. In consequence, firms will invest - especially in durable equipment with respect to which rate of interest counts heavily - beyond the point at which they would have to stop with the higher money rate that is equal to the real rate. Thus, on the one hand, a process of cumulative inflation sets in and, on the other hand, the time structure of production is distorted. This process cannot go on indefinitely, however there are several possible reasons for this, the simplest being that banks run up against the limits set to their lending by their reserves - and when it stops and the money rate catches up with the real rate, we have an untenable situation in which the investment undertaken on the stimulus of an 'artificially' low rate proves a source of losses: booms end in liquidation that spell depressions (Schumpeter, 1954, p. 1120). Schumpeter adds with some irony that Mises' theory was "further developed by Professor von Hayek into a much more elaborate structure of his own, which, on being presented to the Anglo-American community of economists, met with a sweeping success that has never been equaled by any strictly theoretical book . . . A strong critical reaction followed that, at first, but served to underline the success, and then the profession turned away to other leaders and other interests. The social psychology of this is interesting matter for study" (Schumpeter, 1954, p. 1120). Schumpeter had suggested much the same view in Business Cycles, where he picks on "only one aspect," "though a fundamental one" of the Mises-Hayek theory. In this work he addresses the influence of banks' policies in determining the motive force and the turning points of cycles, in order to contrast it with his own model, in which it is not the "initiative of the banks" offering cheap money that fuels the upward movement, just as it is not the rise in the interest rate that marks its end.(2) We get a wholly different picture from a contemporary "Austrian," Roger Garrison. Wicksell's cumulative process is here understood as the mechanism that brings the system back into equilibrium after a monetary expansion has increased the agents' cash balances beyond the desired level. Mises' essential contribution should consist of breaking with the idyllic picture of a stable equilibrium, which is only disturbed temporarily by changes in the money supply. We are invited to notice how Mises' analysis gives center place to the disequilibrium dynamic of relative prices and to the consequent distortions in the structure of production: Most modern developments in monetary theory are based on the Swedish formulation, that is, they focus on the liquidity provided by holding money. Research typically takes the form of estimating the demand for money and investigating the stability of the demand function. But whatever the configuration of the supply and the demand for money, the operation of the real-cash-balance effect is the same in its essentials. . . . By comparison, developments in monetary theory based on the Austrian formulation focus on the information provided by money prices. Attention is drawn to changes in relative prices and in particular to differential price changes in the various stages of production. …


The alkylation and protonation of enolates having a β-silyl group, prepared by conjugate addition of a silyl-cuprate reagent to enone systems, are almost always highly diastereoselective in the sense 3 in a wide variety of reactions. The effects of varying the type of enolate (Scheme 1) and its geometry, the size of the medium-sized group R1 on the stereogenic centre (Scheme 3), the nature of the alkylating agent R3X or proton source (Scheme 4), and the size of the substituents R4 and R5 on the silyl group (Scheme 6) are reported. The stereoselectivity is also high in the creation of some quaternary centres (Scheme 7). Because the phenyldimethylsilyl group can be converted into a hydroxy group with retention of stereochemistry at the β carbon atom, the reaction allows the stereocontrolled synthesis of β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds. The major limitation, as a synthetic method, is that the diastereoselectivity is low, and even occasionally reversed, when the group R3 on the nucleophilic centre is much larger than a methyl group. There is some inconclusive evidence that some of the stereocontrol may be electronic in origin, rather than just steric. Whatever the extent of electronic control, a β-silyl group is an effective control element in electrophilic attack on a double bond, because its electronic and steric effects are likely to operate in the same direction. Neither the kinetic acidity of the esters nor the nucleophilicity of the enolates is noticeably affected by the presence of a β-silyl group.


The rise of multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms has led to searches for alternative antimicrobial therapies to treat infections. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a rapidly expanding approach to the treatment of infections because it may be able to eliminate infectious microbial cells without causing undue damage to host tissue and is thought to be unlikely to induce PDT resistance. In order to develop PDT as a new therapy for infections, we need to demonstrate that PDT can indeed accomplish these aims in living hosts. Animal models of infection represent a powerful tool to dissect the natural history of infection, investigate the pathogenicity and virulence of the microbes, as well as measure the efficacy of PDT. This chapter will discuss the use of animal models for evaluating PDT of various types of localized infections.