Neuroscience involves hard work, but it is also a lot of fun, especially when it gets its hands on ideas that explain old facts in surprising new ways [1]. This is what has happened during the last decade. With the introduction of nonlinear dynamical systems theory – especially the theories of self– organization and chaos – neuroscience has acquired powerful new concepts for analyzing and interpreting data. In our laboratory this has resulted in a radical transformation of our understanding of cortical functioning, but the application of nonlinear dynamical systems theory in neuroscience has further implications: it forces a revolution in the practice of neuroscience. In our research, the realization that self–organized and chaotic dynamics are essential to brain function has led us to reject the underlying explanatory framework that made reductionism the hallmark of scientific explanation. What is emerging today is not only a new view of brain function, but a new science of the brain. 1. Alternative Approaches in Neuroscience To understand the revolutionary impact that the theories of self– organization and chaos have had on our model of cortical functioning and on our understanding of neuroscientific explanation, we need to review briefly alternative approaches. The brain is a physiochemical system that operates simultaneously at many hierarchical levels. Neuroscientists seeking to discover the physiological basis of behavior have located it at various levels of this hierarchy. Until recently, many if not most neuroscientists believed that the physiological basis of behavior was to be found at the level of individual neurons. This view, known as the neuron doctrine [2] or single unit approach to brain functioning, assumed that behavior could be explained in terms of the activity of individual cells triggered by a stimulus. Researchers, recording trains of action potentials from single cells, found that certain cells, "feature detectors" (2], were maximally driven by specific stimuli. Further research showed that these cells were organized in geometrical arrangements that account for their functional properties, e.g. the neuronal "map" of the retina in the visual cortex. The resulting task for single unit theorists has been to determine the patterns of forward connections among cortical neurons that can explain how complex features such as line segments or angles are synthesized from simple features such as on–center off–surround cells [3]. Other researchers believed that the explanation of behavior should be sought in phenomena at much lower levels of description. For example, researchers such as Hyden [4], Rall and Rinzel [5], and Lynch [6] suggested that the lasting changes responsible for learned recognition and memory occurred at the level of the neuronal organelle, such as the synapse or dendritic spine. Still other researchers have designated biochemical changes at the synapse as the biological basis of behavior, extending the search within the neuron on the premise that any permanent change that subserves learning may involve changes in the genome or a modification of the RNA in the Nissl substance (4,7). A different approach has recently been taken by researchers who postulate that the changes involved in learned behaviors, although based on or involving cellular and molecular modifications, are widely distributed spatially and should be understood first at the level of the neural network [8–14]. Neural network models identify the biological basis of behavior with a distributed process that takes place by gradually varying connection strengths among units comprising the network. Moreover, according to at least one school of neural network theorists, the biological basis of behavior is not only globally distributed in the network, it is a self–organized process that requires the use of the analytic tools of nonlinear dynamics, unlike the approaches mentioned above. Many exciting discoveries relating to the formation and functioning of neural networks have resulted from this approach in recent years, and it has encouraged a very fruitful interchange of ideas among neuroscientists, physicists, mathematicians, engineers, and cognitive scientists. Despite their obvious differences, these approaches have several features in common that set them apart from the view of cortical functioning developed in our laboratory [15]. First, they assume that the biological basis of behavior can be explained in terms of the properties of the system's parts, whether these be connection strengths among units in the network, individual neurons, or at the level of the genome. Even neural net models that recognize the role of self–organized dynamics focus exclusively on the mechanisms of synaptic change in network components to the exclusion of other possible mechanisms, mechanisms that do not involve synaptic or other changes at the level of the system's parts. Second, these approaches view neural functioning as a passive reaction to the stimulus. Just as feature detectors react to the stimulus that drives them maximally, so too the models developed by neural network researchers process whatever information is received by receptor level neurons. The resulting activity may or may not be understood as involving self–organized dynamics. None of these models view brain functioning as active or selective. For these approaches, behavior is understood on the reflex model of physiological functioning as a reaction to stimulus input. Data from our laboratory tell us that in these and other respects, the alternative approaches do not adequately characterize neural functioning [16–18]. We have found that brain function cannot be explained in terms of features of neurons taken individually or as part of a local network, nor is it adequately characterized as a passive reaction to stimuli. And while neural network theorists use nonlinear dynamics in modeling their networks and recognize that self–organization plays a role in the brain, they have yet to realize the radical implications of the concept of self–organization both with respect to their explanatory models and for the practice of neuroscience. The following sections describe the neural dynamics of our model, the functions served by chaotic dynamics in the brain, and the implications of our findings for neuroscience. 2. Chaotic Dynamics in Cooperative Neural Masses Faced, like other researchers, with the hierarchical structure of neural functioning, our approach has been to investigate neural dynamics at that level of organization in the hierarchy that corresponds in its time and distance scales to the coordinate systems of the behavior studied. In our research on pre–attentive perceptual recognition and memory, we know from measurement of response latency that it takes place within a few tenths of a second after sensory input is transmitted to the cortex. Lesion studies tell us that the neuronal correlate of this behavior is activity in large cortical areas, with a time scale of a fraction of a second, expressed in spatially extended patterns of activity. We have coined the term "cooperative neural mass" to express this level of neuronal functioning [19]. It is largely thanks to the analytical tools of nonlinear dynamics that we have been able to measure and interpret these spatially extended patterns of activity in the nervous system. Our approach has been to record and measure the neural activity patterns within the olfactory bulb before and again after a subject had learned to discriminate two or more sensory stimuli, and to identify precisely the differences in activity patterns that serve to distinguish and classify the neural events with respect to the discriminanda. In the experiments [20], thirsty rabbits were conditioned to lick in response to an odorant followed after two seconds by delivery of water, and just to sniff in response to an unreinforced odorant. Recordings were made of EEG (electroencephalogram) potentials using a chronically implanted 8X8 array of electrodes (spacing: 0.5 mm) covering approximately 20% of the surface of the olfactory bulb. The typical pattern of the bulbar EEG was a slow wave, called a respiratory wave, with a burst of oscillation in the gamma range (35–90 Hz) common to all 64 channels. Analysis revealed that odor specific information existed in spatial patterns of amplitude of the oscillatory burst. Analysis of the EEG traces showed that in the background before conditioning, every trace had the same temporal waveform, but that the amplitude differed between channels forming a relatively constant spatial pattern that could be easily identified with a particular animal and that remained constant until odorant conditioning was undertaken. No changes in this background pattern occurred when unreinforced odorants were presented to the animal; however, new patterns did emerge with reinforced odorants. These patterns remained stable within and across sessions provided the stimulus–response contingencies were not changed. Of particular interest is the fact that these patterns were globally distributed in the bulb. The information that served to classify them correctly could not be localized to a particular subset of channels [22]. Our job was to produce a biologically sound model of the background state and of the emergence of globally distributed, odor specific spatial patterns. The resulting model is derived from studies of changes in the waveform of these evoked potentials, and on their replication by nonlinear differential equations simulating. the dynamics of the bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus and prepyriform cortex [23]. The data and the resulting model of olfactory functioning reveal that odor recognition and recall involve a hierarchy of self–organized neural processes that emerge one from the other in a series of state transitions. The hierarchy is rooted in what we have termed the background state. During late exhalation and early i


Cognitive modeling can provide important insights a bout the usability of software or hardware products at all stages of product desig n. It is not used very often, though, as the creation of cognitive user models is typically done by highly trained experts. These specialists need not only develop th e models, but have to spend a lot of additional time on software interface problems: The cognitive models need to be connected to the interactive system under evaluatio n. This paper presents ACTCV, a software library that aims at solving the int erface problems of user modeling especially in usability research.


Using a set of microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods, a detailed study of the interrelation between the structural and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared nitrogen-containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) and their modified derivatives is carried out. It was found that after treatment of nanotubes with hydrochloric acid, their structure is improved by removing amorphous carbon from the outer layers of N-MWCNTs. On the contrary, ion bombardment leads to the formation of vacancy-type structural defects both on the surface and in the bulk of N-MWCNTs. It is shown that the treated nanotubes have an increased specific capacitance (up to 27 F·g−1) compared to the as-prepared nanotubes (13 F·g−1). This is due to an increase in the redox capacitance. It is associated with the reversible Faraday reactions with the participation of electrochemically active pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen inclusions and oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFG). Based on the comparison between cyclic voltammograms of N-MWCNTs treated in HCl and with an ion beam, the peaks on these curves were separated and assigned to specific nitrogen inclusions and OCFGs. It is shown that the rate of redox reactions with the participation of OCFGs is significantly higher than that of reactions with nitrogen inclusions in the pyridinic and pyrrolic forms. Moreover, it was established that treatment of N-MWCNTs in HCl is accompanied by a significant increase in the activity of nitrogen centers, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the rate of redox reactions involving OCFGs. Due to the significant contribution of redox capacitance, the obtained results can be used to develop supercapacitors with increased total specific capacitance.


The poor interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers (CFs) and polyimide (PI) resin has seriously hampered the application of CF/PI composites. In this work, the interfacial adhesion was efficiently enhanced by grafting on the CF surface. Surface morphology and surface composition of modified carbon fibers were characterized, which indicated that acrylamide was grafted successfully on the CF surface and the surface roughness was increased slightly. After grafting, the interface shear strength of modified carbon fibers/PI composites was significantly improved by 86.96%, and the interlaminar shear strength was enhanced by 55.61% due to the covalent bonds in interphase and the toughening effect of sizing agent. Moreover, the mechanical properties of composites with different interfacial adhesion were measured, which further confirmed the effect of the grafting modification.


The principles and methods of Jieke theory are used to analyze characteristics of main factors of the freeway Jieke,and the parameters describing the function of freeway Jieke,such as exchange rate,open ratio,smooth degree and switch speed of Jieke gate,as well as resistance of Jieke wall are defined.In addition,the switch model of on-ramp control used the exchange rate of Jieke as the switching function is established,the feasibility of applying the resistance function of Jieke wall in the incident management of freeway is analyzed,and the idea using the total control model of Jieke to system-optimal control for freeway is presented.The research shows that the theory of freeway Jieke can be applied well in incident management,on-ramp control and system optimal control.


The paper reports on how risk based approaches have been used for establishing a maintenance strategy and maintenance standards for distribution companies. The experience from this has shown the usefulness of risk assessment when dealing with maintenance management, giving increased understanding and better basis for maintenance decisions in distribution systems.


With the development of high technology,advanced design tools is constantly updated,its technology has penetrated into the various areas of applications.FPGA-based SOPC embedded technology,development and design of large power highfrequency electromagnetic machine scale inhibitor and its sopc control system,given the sopc control system hardware and software design and touch screen operator display design,obtained high frequency signal generation,touch screen color display and real-time monitoring and many other features.After system debugging and actual use,to achieve the corresponding technical requirements and a good scale inhibition effect,the product of intelligent,can be used as replacements of such equipment.


Unpaid internships have become increasingly common in recent years because of the economic benefit provided to businesses and the real-world experience afforded to students. While this increase in unpaid internships has provided advantages to students and employers, it has also created concerns regarding the legality of unpaid internships under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA). Though the FLSA was created with the goal of ensuring that all employees receive compensation for their work, the FLSA does not address whether workers in unconventional working relationships, such as internships, fall within the definition of employees, which would entitle them to compensation and other federal protections. Currently, a circuit court split exists regarding the appropriate test for classifying unpaid interns under the FLSA. The Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Circuits utilize a primary benefit test to determine which party receives the primary benefit of the working relationship, while the Tenth Circuit and lower courts in the Second Circuit utilize a totality of the circumstances test. Additionally, the Eleventh Circuit uses an economic reality test to determine which party benefits economically from the relationship. As a result, student interns are classified differently throughout the nation, creating a disparity in Senior Managing Editor, Michigan State Law Review; J.D. 2015, Michigan State University College of Law; B.A. 2012, Saginaw Valley State University. The author would like to thank Professor Paul Stokstad for his generous guidance throughout the writing of this Note, as well as Katie Wendt, Katie Fleschner McMullen, and Kent Sparks for their time and effort spent revising and editing this Note. The author would also like to thank her husband, Joseph Chrysler, for his unwavering support and patience during this process, and her parents, Dennis and Beth Hanson, for teaching her the values of hard work and dedication that made this Note possible. 1562 Michigan State Law Review 2014:1561 the level of protection these students receive under federal law. Current scholarship addressing this issue has focused primarily on legislative and regulatory solutions; however, neither Congress nor the Department of Labor has responded with a controlling solution, leaving many unpaid interns with no protection from employers who exploit them as free labor while providing little to no educational benefit in return. The Supreme Court should address the issue of how unpaid interns are classified under the FLSA to provide greater protections for students who are being illegally exploited by employers. By adopting the primary benefit test from the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Circuits and supplementing this test with the Department of Labor guidelines issued in Fact Sheet #71, the Court can provide a uniform standard for classifying interns under the FLSA. This solution would properly balance the interests of employers and students to ensure that employers can utilize unpaid internships without violating the FLSA and to ensure that students who do not receive an educational benefit from their unpaid internship receive monetary compensation under the FLSA. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1563 I. THE DEVELOPMENT OF "INTERNSHIP LAW".......................... 1566 A. The Fair Labor Standards Act........................................ 1569 B. Walling v. Portland Terminal Co. ................................. 1571 C. The Department of Labor's Fact Sheet #71................... 1573 II. HOW THE COURTS HAVE ATTEMPTED (AND FAILED) TO CONSISTENTLY CLASSIFY EMPLOYEES UNDER THE FLSA...................................................................................... 1575 A. The Totality of the Circumstances Test ......................... 1576 1. The Tenth Circuit .................................................... 1577 2. Lower Courts in the Second Circuit ........................ 1578 a. Glatt v. Fox Searchlight Pictures Inc. ............. 1579 b. Wang v. Hearst Corp. ...................................... 1579 B. The "Primary Benefit" Test ........................................... 1581 1. The Sixth Circuit...................................................... 1581 2. The Fourth Circuit .................................................. 1583 3. The Fifth Circuit...................................................... 1583 C. The "Economic Reality" Test ........................................ 1585 III. WHICH COURT HAS IT RIGHT?: ANALYZING THE COMPETING TESTS ................................................................. 1586 A. The Totality of the Circumstances Test ......................... 1587 All Work, No Pay 1563 B. The Primary Benefit Test ...............................................1589 C. The Economic Reality Test ............................................1592 IV. CHOOSING A SIDE: THE IMPORTANCE OF ADOPTING A UNIFORM TEST AND WHICH TEST SHOULD BE ADOPTED .....1594 A. The Need for a Uniform Test .........................................1595 B. The Values of an Effective Test .....................................1597 C. Proposed Solution: The Primary Benefit Test Supplemented by the DOL Factors ................................1599 CONCLUSION.................................................................................1606


This analysis is related to the implementation of routing protocols in networking. The network topologies are designed to see the behavior and the possibilities of combining routing protocols. The objective of this analysis is to provide a documented analysis result with explanations and suggestion for the routing protocols implementation in networking. The result of this analysis will prevent the implementation of less suitable routing protocols in any given network. Communication networking is really important in connecting people around the world. This can be realized with the proper set up of network topologies. In this analysis, four scenarios are designed to develop the results. The routing protocols will be implanted to the scenarios that will provide connections within the network topologies. This analysis uses networking devices such as routers, switches and workstation to create the different scenarios in network topologies. The results and analysis of this research will be described in this report. Lastly, hopefully this project can be used for future research works and design the innovation that meets market need and public interest.


Faster rendering of synthetic images is a core problem in the field of computer graphics. Rendering algorithms, such as path-tracing is dependent on parameters like size of the image, number of light bounces, number of samples per pixel, all of which, are fixed if one wants to obtain a image of a desired quality. It is also dependent on the size and complexity of the scene being rendered. One of the largest bottleneck in rendering, particularly when the scene is very large, is querying for objects in the path of a given ray in the scene. By changing the data type that represents the objects in the scene, one may reduce render time, however, a different representation of a scene requires the modification of the rendering algorithm. In this paper, (a) we introduce directed distance field, as a functional representation of a object; (b) how the directed distance functions, when stored as a neural network, be optimized and; (c) how such an object can be rendered with a modified path-tracing algorithm.


The paper presents the process of training methods' selection in systems dedicated to detection of chemical hazards. By examining most common training methods used in detection systems, authors indicates which of them are the most relevant to hazardous chemical substance detection systems, assuming that basic efforts focus on the system as the whole (mainly on detection components) rather than the training module. Furthermore, the indicated methods are characterized in detail and combined with overall utility and economic analysis related to the dimension of the resources involved in the work on the entire project (by the example of the EU-SENSE project). In order to study the training methods and the factors influencing their choice, two research methods were used: (1) in-depth analysis of the literature on the subject of training tools in the field of crisis management and IT solutions, and (2) the case study of the EU-SENSE project (its training module).


Brief descriptions are given of research being carried out in the field of knowledge representation. Dynamic simulation and modelling of planning systems with real-time sensor inputs; development of domain-independent knowledge representation tools which can be used in the development of application-specific expert and planning systems; and development of a space-borne very high speed integrated circuit processor are among the projects discussed.


The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to describe the perceptions early childhood educators who intentionally implement physical activity into their class day in Eastern Virginia have with regards to using physical activity with preschoolers ages three to five. The theory guiding this study was the social constructivist theory by Lev Vygotsky (1978) which maintains that each individual has a different perspective about any given experience based on their prior experiences and all experiences build upon themselves to create knowledge. The constructivist theory suggests learners must interact with their environments to gain new knowledge (Ogunnaike, 2015). The basic research question focused on the perceptions that selected educators have on the role physical activity plays in the preschool classroom. Data was collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, and review of documents. Data analysis strategies included detailed descriptions of the cases, analysis of each case for themes and then cross case analysis for common themes or differences. Data analysis generated key themes, which include: expending energy, cognitive and physical development, professional development, experience with physical activity, facility/director support and required physical activity. The study ended with assertions to provide interpretation of the data as well as recommendations for future research.


Based on the long-term stationary studies results an integral degree assessment of introduction prospects for 20 cultivars
of highbush blueberry and three cultivars of half-highbush blueberry in Belarus was given according to the criteria:
phenorhythmic, morphobiological, reproductive, regenerative, sustainability (winter hardiness) and fruit quality. The most
prospective cultivars have been identified, which are included in the State register of plant cultivars approved for production
in the Republic of Belarus: Bluecrop, Bluetta, Denise Blue, Duke, Earliblue, Elizabeth, Hardyblue, Jersey, Northblue,
Northcountry, Northland, Patriot, Weymouth. The zoned cultivars have adapted to the climatic conditions of the republic and
constitute the assortment basis for the creation of industrial and home plantings of highbush blueberries in Belarus.


Objectives-Oral Submucous Fibrosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that results in progressive juxtaepethelial Inflammatory reaction followed by a fibroelastic change of lamina propia with epethilial atrophy leading to stiffness of oral mucosa, causing trismus . This causes the difficulty in chewing, swallowing and speaking. Method- Sectional complete denture was an appropriate treatment to resolve the problem of Oral Submoucos Fibrosis. The acylic resins connectors in the form of sleeves and cross pins reduced the overall costs and simplified the laboratory technique. Results-The rehabilitation of patient suffering from OSMF is a challenge to the Prosthodontist. This article describes the prosthodontic management of such patient by using a sectional denture. Conclusions-This technique has proven to be simple, inexpensive, and applicable to the selected Oral Submucous Fibrosis patients.


To further assess the applicability of nitromethane as a selective quenching agent for alternant vs. nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in HPLC analysis, we measured the effect that it has on the fluorescence emission behavior of 96 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in a binary ethyl acetate/acetonitrile solvent mixture. Nitromethane quenching results are compared with previously reported acetonitrile, aqueous/acetonitrile, and toluene/acetonitrile solvent mixtures. Results of these measurements revealed that the "selective quenching" rule is obeyed for the vast majority of PAHs in all solvents considered thus far, with the coronene derivatives being the only major exceptions.


OF THE THESIS Investigating Patterns in Convolution Neural Network Parameters Using Probabilistic Support Vector Machines by Yuqiu Zhang Master of Science in Electrical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, Jan 2021 Research Advisor: Dr. Shantanu Chakrabartty In the last decade, artificial neural networks(ANNs) and their deeper variants have been widely used in various disciplines and fields. Among different types of deep neural networks, the convolutional neural network(CNN) in particular has demonstrated excellent performance on a variety of image recognition tasks, and on a range of complex datasets. However, in spite of their widespread use, CNNs are still essentially black-box models. Though existing research shows that the weights in the kernels follow some distribution, we are unable to establish a formulaic relationship between the variation of parameters and the predicted results. Additionally, the contribution of the underlying parameters in different layers to the final model performance is still not fully understood. In my thesis, I explore if the distribution of parameters of any convolutional layer is related to the corresponding distribution in the previous layer, and if this distribution is learnable and has a relationship with the classification task at hand. With this hypothesis, I propose a Markov chain-based approach for modeling the structural patterns between subsequent layers of the CNN using probabilistic viii support vector machines(PSVMs) due to limitations in the training data size for learning the weights. Given a baseline trained CNN model, the PSVM approach is capable of generating multiple CNN models using the inferred distributions, such that each model gives a distinct inference to the classification problem. Additionally, I explored the possibility of using an ensemble of the generated CNNs for solving the original classification task. Experiments using a ResNet-based architecture as the baseline on CIFAR-10 datasets showed encouraging results on both the individual model as well as the ensemble case.


This paper analyses the dimensions of the support given by Spaniards to the European Union (EU). In order to do this, the main theoretical approaches that exist for explaining European public opinion, which are based on affective, utilitarian and national political factors, have been taken into account. The three theoretical viewpoints are tested, independently and jointly, through various regression analyses in order to find out which are the elements that most influence the Europeanism of Spaniards. Our research shows that the perception of the economic and social benefits that community integration carries with it continues to be the main dimension for explaining the favourable attitudes shown by Spaniards towards the EU. However, affective aspects, such as confidence in European institutions and identification with Europe, are also highly relevant. The political factors are of secondary importance, but it can be seen that satisfaction with the performance of national Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Reis) N.o 122, 2008, pp. 55-88 INMACULADA SZMOLKA VIDA 56 ria, aunque se observa que la satisfacción con el funcionamiento de la democracia nacional se relaciona con la integración de los ciudadanos en el sistema político europeo. democracy is related to the integration of citizens into the European political system. Inmaculada Szmolka Vida Doctora en Ciencias Políticas y Sociología por la Universidad de Granada. Actualmente es Profesora Contratada Doctora en el Departamento de Ciencia Política y de la Administración de la Universidad de Granada, España. She gained her doctorate in political science and sociology at the University of Granada, and is currently Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and of the Administration at the University of Granada, Spain. Departamento de Ciencia Política y de la Administración. Universidad de Granada. C/ Rector López Argüeta, s/n. 18071 Granada. Spain.


The fungal pathogen Magnaporthe causes blast disease and destroys millet, rice, and wheat crops worldwide, which threatens global food production. Blast disease has spread in the main millet-producing area of China and is pathogenically differentiated in different ecological regions. Therefore, a study on the pathogenicity of millet blast races, the resistance spectrum of millet cultivars in the adult stage, and establishing a genetic transformation system for the blast fungus is of great significance for distributing local millet resources, controlling blast, and improving the yield and quality of millet. Herein, we collected blast races from six regions nationwide, isolated them from single spores, and successfully induced extensive conidial spores in tomato plants. Furthermore, we conducted artificial in-vitro inoculation experiments with different millet varieties to evaluate their resistance spectra at the seedling stage and lay a solid foundation to isolate disease-resistant genes. The results showed that the pathogenicity of the strains to different varieties was divergent; however, the virulence of the races from Hainan Province was significantly stronger than that from other regions. Thus, the HN-1 strain with the highest infectivity was inoculated into 17 different adult-stage cultivars in the field. Consequently, four cultivars with adult-plant resistance were screened out. We established a stable genetic transformation system in the HN-1 background to provide a technical foundation for future studies on millet blast virulent proteins.


Bridge and ship manufactures have always been troubled by welding residual stresses and distortion that result in operating costs rising and production delays. Study on welding stresses and distortions has important meaning for practical engineering. A real time 3D analysis has been executed to a multi butt weld process of two flats using MSC.Marc FE code in this paper. Computed results such as welding temperature field, residual stress and distortion are exhibited and qualitatively analyzed.


The effects of dissipation on rotational discontinuities have been studied as an initial-value problem. Starting with a rotational discontinuity, the author applies resistivity and viscosity and follows the resulting evolution of the system by numerically integrating in time the viscous, resistive MHD equations. The results show that by including dissipation, a rotational discontinuity is unstable and will evolve to an MHD intermediate shock of the kind whose shock frame fluid velocities are subfast, super-Alfvenic, and superslow ahead, and subfast, sub-Alfvenic, and superslow behind the shock. (However, with small dissipation, the intermediate shock and the rotational discontinuity would be very close.) The results also show that there are a larger class of shocklike structures, which do not satisfy Rankine-Hugoniot relations, in the time-dependent dissipative MHD equations. The results also indicate that the corresponding Riemann problem is not well-posed. in addition, the admissibility of MHD equations is discussed. The conclusion is that all entropy satisfying shocks along the shock curve are physical. This differs from the conventional view that intermediate shocks are not allowed. This also differs from the admissibility criterion of Oleinik (1957) and Liu (1981). However, their criterion is valid for a strictly hyperbolic system, whereas the set of MHDmore » equations is nonstrictly hyperbolic. Regarding the magnetospheric physics, the study suggests that instead of rotational discontinuities, intermediate shocks should exist at the magnetopause. Thus one has a different signature from that of a rotational discontinuity to compare with space observations.« less


The invention relates to a method and a document editing device, in particular a text editor and / or slides. An object of the invention is a method of editing a document comprising a first generating a bidirectional link between a duplication copied member of said first document and said laminated element in a second document, said bi-directional link enabling duplication updating the element of the second document based on a modification of the linked element of the first document and updating the element of the first document according to a modification of the linked element of the second document . Thus, the user has to copy, in the second document, the common element in a first and a second document that has changed in the first document. The link allows the change is automatically included in the second document regardless of the formats of the first and second documents.


Analysis of the evolutionary conservation of amino acids is useful for the analysis of sequence variants detected in individuals with regard to possible impact on protein function. Rapid advances in DNA sequencing technologies are enabling affordable access to SNPs, exome sequencing, and whole genome shotgun sequencing. An understanding of the biological processes that have shaped diverging protein sequences aids the interpretation of sequence variants. The divergence model of protein evolution is presented as a general framework for interpreting information available from comparative analysis of protein sequences.


This study aims to evaluate the use of a rational dosage methodology of soil/cement using a semi-precious stones by product, analyzing the cement content, porosity and voids / cement through unconfined compressive strength (qu) and splitting tensile strength (qt)of an artificially cemented waste samples. A program test, varying the porosity (η) and the cement content (C) was used in this study. It was found that a power function adapts well to the unconfined compressive strength values as well as with increasing cement content and reducing the porosity of the compacted mixture. It was also shown that the ratio of voids / cement (η / Civ) is a good parameter for evaluating the unconfined compressive strength and splitting tensile strength for by products / cement samples for all cement and porosity levels. It was also possible to find a unique relationship between (qt /qu) of the material, regardless of empty relationship voids/cement, resulting in the ratio of 0.14.
Keywords: Soil-cement; Agate Residue; Fine Sand; Compressive Strength; Tensile Strength.


A growing area of human-robot interaction explores how robots, for example as companions, can be used to help people manage loneliness. However, we do not yet have research results indicating if people are ready to accept companion robots in their daily lives, and thus if companion robots can actually be successful broadly in society. We present a novel long-term in-home interaction study design that will explore how people accept these robots in their homes and how the robots impact loneliness.


Objective To study the effect of preoperative region radio-frequency thermotherapy synchronizating with target arterial thermochemotherapy on apoptosis of lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer.Methods Forty patients with gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis underwent curative resection,among which there were 20 patients who received the preoperative gastric arterial chemoembolization,and they constituted the treatment group.The rest of the patients were included in the control group.The expressions of p53,CD95 and bcl-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry and apoptosis in the lymph node metastasis was examined by in situ terminal transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results The expression intensity of p53 and CD95 in lymph node metastasis of treatment group increased more significantly than that in the control group,whereas the expression intensity of bcl-2 decreased in the treatment group.There was a significantly positive correlation between the expressions of p53 and CD95 and the apoptosis.Conclusion Preoperative region radio-frequency thermotherapy and synchronizating with target arterial thermochemotherapy may affect the expressions of p53,CD95 and bcl-2 and may induce the apoptosis of lymph node metastasis.It may be helpful to improve the effect of curative resection of gastric cancer.


Objectives: To describe a novel technique that maximizes the depth of the buccal and lingual alveolar vestibules following marginal mandibulectomy for eventual dental prosthetic rehabilitation. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: A customized acrylic stent, which is fabricated prior to surgery, is relined with a synthetic impression material that duplicates the contours of the remaining mandible and extends to the base of the buccal and lingual vestibules. The resulting stent is relined with a self-polymerizing soft relining material and is stabilized with circum-mandibular wires. Results: In each case, intimate adaptation of the stent to the mandible improved skin graft survival and resulted in alveolar vestibular depths and contours that improved the retention of the removable dental prosthesis. Conclusions: Customized stents with vestibular extension maximize skin graft survival and dental prosthetic rehabilitation following marginal mandibulectomy.


During the period from 1890 to 1920, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints (LDS) perceived a crisis in the lives of their boys. Like their Protestant contemporaries, Latter‐day Saints spent much time attempting to find a solution. At the same time, the LDS church was experiencing its own unique set of upheavals. In 1890, one of the central tenets of Mormonism – polygamy – had to be replaced with sexual practices that aligned the LDS with wider American society. It was during this transitional period that members and authorities of the LDS church sought to gain respectability in American culture by emphasising the morality and value systems they shared with their middle‐class Protestant contemporaries. As Mormons restructured marriage around the practice of monogamy, they placed the burden of the refashioned religious identity almost exclusively upon men and their bodies. The new Mormon man ushered the LDS church into the American mainstream while maintaining an acceptable difference from that mainstream culture.


Explanatory unification—the urge to "explain much by little"—serves as an ideal of theorizing not only in natural sciences but also in the social sciences, most notably in economics. The ideal is occasionally challenged by appealing to the complexity and diversity of social systems and processes in space and time. This article proposes to accommodate such doubts by making a distinction between two kinds of unification and suggesting that while such doubts may be justified in regard to mere derivational unification (which serves as a formal constraint on theories), it is less justified in the case of ontological unification (which is a result of factual discovery of the actual degree of underlying unity in the world).


Lifestyle is an important factor which influence student's health, way of life and study results. Students usually have many home works, high mental load and sometimes emotional strain. These circumstances influence students' lifestyle. At the same time lifestyle should be healthy and active, enough physical activities are necessary in order to maintain good physical fitness and health level. The aim of the study was to compare lifestyle peculiarities of basic school students and higher educational institution students. The electronic survey of Riga 2 Gymnasium 9 grade basic school students and University of Latvia 1st course pedagogical programmes students was carried out. Altogether 130 students were questioned. The results of the research showed that university students spend more time on a computer than basic school students. They spend more time on a computer on activities connected with studies, but the time which students spend on a computer with activities not connected with studies do not greatly differ between both group students. The time which students spend doing study home works in general does not significantly differ between student groups, but some basic school students spend much time more than 20 hours during week – by doing study home works. The physical activity level of basic school students is higher than the physical activity level of university students. For many university students' physical activity level is very low, it is recommended to improve it. The time which students spend watching TV, reading literature and dealing with music is not greatly different between basic school students and university students. The time, which students spend during sleep, is longer for university students in comparison with basic school students. For many basic school students, it is too short.


To our knowledge, there is no precedent for the direct conversion of light alkanes to aminated products by CH activation. Previous molecular systems reported for alkane amination operate by radical or nitrene-type reactions which generally result in unintended overfunctionalization. Here we disclose the first examples of direct conversion of methane and ethane to aminated products by C–H activation facilitated by electrophilic, main-group complexes dissolved in N-acids. Alkane conversion products were achieved with selectivities up to >95% and yields up to 65% based on added main-group electrophile. Experimental studies and DFT calculations support a C–H activation mechanism to generate a metal–alkyl intermediate that undergoes N-functionalization.


The association of the tocopherols with lipid peroxidation in biological systems began in the early days of investigations on the chemical nature of these substances (25). Since then a great deal of work has attempted to relate the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency with peroxidative degradation of lipids, primarily those associated with membranous organelles. The signs of vitamin E deficiency in various species of animals are diverse, involving different tissues with different manifestations and different degrees of severity. Thus, it seems clear that the biological function of this vitamin is not specific in the sense of its being a cofactor for an enzymic reaction (as is the case for the B-complex vitamins). Given the appropriate species and certain dietary and environmental conditions, essentially any tissue can be made to develop characteristic signs as a result of a deficiency of this vitamin. In some human disease states, supple mentation of vitamin E at levels far exceeding those normally required amelio rates or improves the condition. Because of this multiplicity of effects, a common denominator that might explain the effects of a deficiency or excess of this vitamin is not obvious. A common denominator to consider, however, is


Abstract The fundamental aspects of the structure, the energies of the formation and of the activation of domain walls are reviewed for several one-dimensional model systems. The effect of discreteness of atomic lattices on the structure and the activation energy of domain walls is described. The motion of walls will be also mentioned.


This paper reports on teachers' perceptions of their students' learning as part of a project examining the learning that took place when the students used ScratchMaths in their classroom programme. The project used design-based methodology, which incorporated video-recorded classroom excerpts, teacher interviews and teacher analysis and review of their practice. The teachers identified the students' problem solving, use of unplugged activities and collaborating using explicit mathematical and coding language as ways to facilitate thinking. They also recognised that their own practice evolved into a more faciliatory role, while their understanding of coding processes grew through learning beside, and through, their students.


Researches on the relation between the name of Seokdo, written in the Korean Empire Ordinance 41, and Dokdo have made enormous progress in coping with the provocation of Japan towards Dokdo and strengthening our argument for Dokdo dominium. Still, Japanese scholars have been repeating their claim that the name of Seokdo in the Ordinance is hardly identified as Dokdo. Previous researches on the interchangeability between Seokdo and Dokdo have argued that the rocky islands can be marked as Seokdo or Dokdo by mainly analyzing a relation between pure Korean words and Sino-Korean characters. However, it seems that foreigners, unfamiliar with Korean language, might have difficulty in fully understanding the relation between pure Korean words and Sino-Korean characters. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore usages of the name of Dokdo through the eyes of a third party in late Joseon and to draw some implications on the argument for Dokdo dominium at present. Specifically, this paper will cover the whereabouts and cartographic process of Siebold, a German cartographer who recognized the distinctiveness of the usage of the Korean language in translating a Korean map into a German one in the nineteenth century. Finally, what will be confirmed is that the island, called as Dokdo in Korea, in late Joseon was marked as Seokdo in maps and documents. This will help substantiate the historical fact that the name of Seokdo, written in the Ordinance 41 refers to Dokdo.


B 4C was added into the NBR modified phenolic resins which was further used to prepare frictional materials. The performance of the frictional materials with and without B 4C was studied and compared. It has been found that for the frictional materials with B 4C, the wear resistance, the impact strength and the stability under heat treatment are improved. The factors that plays a role in improving the performance of the frictional materials are discussed.


A numerical model for computing wave propagations between two breakwaters is presented. Each breakwater consists of one or two straight-line segments. Water depth varies in space. The numerical model is based on the parabolic wave equation approach with a boundary-fitted coordinate system. Numerical results are obtained and compared with laboratory experimental data. Good agreement was obtained.


Two-phase, immiscible in compressible flow in porous media governed by a system of non-linear partial differential equations arised from reservoir simulation is discussed. Galerkin method is applied for the pressure equation. For the convection-dominated saturation equation, a kind of partial upwind finite element scheme is constructed. The numerical solution got by this scheme satisfies the discrete mass conservation law and converges to the solution in norm L ∞(0,T;L 2(Ω)).


This paper addresses the question about the meaning and responsibility of philosophy in the search for justice. It studies the work of the Frankfurt School, the critical compromise of its members and, more specifically, their idea of education in the search for a world more rational and human.


In this paper, we generalize the infinite state representation to the modeling of fractional order nonlinear differential systems. This technique is based on the infinite dimension modal model of the fractional integrator whose internal frequency distributed state defines the nonlinear fractional differential systems (FDS) state. Thanks to numerical simulations, we demonstrate that system dynamical behaviors are dependant on infinite dimension distributed initial conditions. Moreover, we show that these initial conditions have a direct consequence on system stability.


The utility model discloses a novel distribution lines arc extinguishing lightning protection clearance device relates to electric power facility component technical field. A novel distribution lines arc extinguishing lightning protection clearance device, including insulator body and lightning arrester body, insulator body upper end with join in marriage wire connection, insulator body lower extreme and lightning arrester body lower extreme swing joint, the lightning arrester body upper end sets up discharge electrode, the distribution line corresponds discharge electrode position department and sets up preventing arc puncture fastener, preventing arc puncture fastener lower extreme sets up the electrode that draws to the discharge electrode extension, it is equipped with gap in arcing chamber to draw between electrode and the discharge electrode, it sets up arc control device on the electrode to draw. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of its simple structure can easy to assemblely fix on distribution lines to can realize electric arc fast, reliably extinguish, thereby reduce and join in marriage net thunderbolt accident and circuit thunderbolt trip -out rate, enhancing power supply reliability.


This paper analyzes the relation between peer review and multi-indicators evaluation for scientific and technical assessment. Based on the data of the 2007 Times Higher-QS world university rankings, we use two methods, multiple linear regression analysis and kappa agreement test, for analysis. The results show that the data abundance affects the agreement between peer review and multi-indicators evaluation. We conclude that comprehensive evaluation in combination with peer review is a better choice in lack of data. Regression goodness-of-fit can be used to assess data abundance. Peer review should be the basis for the choice of indicators and indicator weights. However, multi-indicators evaluation is more stable and objective.


Scene text recognition (STR) has attracted extensive attention in pattern recognition community. With the development of deep learning, the object detection and sequence recognition schemes based on deep neural networks have been widely used in this task. Crucially, the discriminative features play a vital role in complex scene text backgrounds. However, for specific tasks, inappropriate pooling strategies may lose feature details. To tackle this problem, in this paper, an end-to-end based on adaptive importance pooling network (AIPN) is proposed. Concretely, we embed the novel AIP strategy into feature extraction stage. Additionally, we adopt the attention-based LSTM as decoder so that the useful image feature information regions are automatically focused while predicting final recognition results. Furthermore, to reduce the burden of feature representation for the next recognition, text rectification network (TRN) supervised by text recognition parts is utilized to normalize the input text images. Experimental results show that our model achieves inspiring performances on STR benchmark datasets IIIT5K, SVT, ICDAR-2003 and ICDAR-2013.


In the September 1999 issue of HEPATOLOGY, Cerny and Chisari1 proposed a role for CD8 molecular mimicry in the causation of postinfectious autoimmunity making reference to autoimmune hepatitis type 2 (AIH-2). They base their contention on the work of Kammer et al.,2 showing induction of cytotoxic T cells reactive with cytochromes P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and 2A7 (CYP2A7) (aa 8-17) after exposure to the homologous HCV-1 core sequence 178-187. Autoreactive CD8 cells were obtained both in HCV-infected and healthy HLA A2 subjects. Michael Manns3 objects to this proposal arguing that the cytochrome typically recognized in AIH-2 is P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and not CYP2A6. The latter, Manns adds, is an autoantibody target in hepatitis associated with the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1). In their answer to Manns, Cerny, Kammer, and Chisari4 state that, as a rule, antigens recognized by CD8 and B cells differ and that liver damage is more likely to derive from the effect of CD8 autoreactive cells than from the presence of autoantibodies, which may be just markers of disease, being produced as a consequence to tissue damage. We would like to enter the debate raising a few points: (1) CYP2D6 has now been unambiguously shown to be present on the outer aspect of the hepatocyte membrane,5 endowing LKM-1 with pathogenic potential. Thus, severity of liver damage has been shown to be associated with titers of anti–LKM-1 in both AIH-2 and chronic HCV infection.6 (2) We have constructed synthetic peptides encompassing the CD8 epitopes on HCV-1 core (aa 175-189), CYP2A6, CYP2A7 (aa 5-19), and the corresponding sequence of CYP2D6 (aa 4-18) and tested them as antibody targets in an ELISA. No reactivity was shown among 25 LKM-1–positive and 25 LKM-1–negative chronic HCV infected patients nor among 14 AIH-2 patients, confirming that CD8 and B cell epitopes differ. (3) An autoimmune response evoked by molecular mimicry is likely to follow the rules of any other immune response, and involve CD4, CD8, and B-lymphocytes, one of the components possibly prevailing in different conditions. That CD4 cells are involved in the production of LKM-1 has been shown by two published observations.7,8 First, the virtually universal isotype of LKM-1 is IgG, implying a CD4-dependent, class-switched humoral response.7 Second, a CD4 involvement was strongly suggested by the demonstration of an IgM to IgG switch of the LKM-1 response in a patient who acquired HCV at the time of surgery and whose autoimmune response was followed up sequentially.8 In conclusion, although there is a consensus that molecular mimicry is involved in the autoimmune response associated with HCV infection, the only evidence available to date linking virus/self immune cross reactivity to liver cell damage is at the B-cell level.


A palynofloral sequence for the Cretaceous of the Jiangsu area is established in the present paper based on the newly found spores and pollen from subsurface and the previous data.The assemblages and pollen bearing strata are listed as follows:1) Berriasian Valanginian Schizaeoisporites Classopollis annulatus Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus Assemblage of the Yunheshan Formation; 2) Hauterivian Barremian palynofossils have not been found; 3) Aptian Albian Cicatricosisporites Classopollis annulatus Psilatricolpites Assemblage of the Gechun Formation; 4) Cenomanian palynoassemblage is not recorded; 5) Turonian Schizaeoisporites Polycingulatisporites Cycadopites Cranwellia Assemblage of the Pukou Formation; 6) Coniacian Santonian Schizaeoisporites Classopollis annulatus Lytharites Assemblage of the Chishan Formation; 7) Campanian Schizaeoisporites Tricolporopollenites microcirculatus Betpakdalina Assemblage of lower part of the Taizhou Formation; 8) Maastrichtian Pterisisporites Exesipollenites Kurtzipites Assemblage of upper part of the Taizhou Formation.Description of main characteristics and the inference of climatical condition of each assemblage is made in this paper and a brief comment on the Cretaceous lithostratigraphic system of the Jiangsu area is made also.


In this paper investigated into the effect of a bio-interface charge field effect biosensor on the conductance of the nanowire through finite element calculations. The biosensor under thought consisted of a poly-silicon nanowire of radius 100 nm surrounded by a 120 nm oxide layer, and the oxide layer was surrounded by a 160 nm thick functional bio-interface layer. This whole system was immerged in an electrode was 500 nm and every one of the layers was treated as a range medium characterized by the corresponding dielectric constant. First, the distribution of the electrostatic potential in the nanowire due to the surface charge was computed using Poisson equation with Boltzmann statistics. Then, the conductance of the nanowire was affected with interaction with functional layer.


Article Type: Full Length Research Article The study presented empirical findings on the factors determining livelihood diversification among rural households in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study used multistage random sampling techniques and data were collected using wellstructured questionnaire administered on a total sample of 132 households for the analysis. Distributive statistics, Herfindahl index and Tobit regression model were used to analyse the data. Most of the respondents are males. About 68.9% were married with the average age of 41.15%. The study showed that 68.9% of the respondents were married. Respondents who engaged in livelihood diversification had different household sizes; the majority of the respondents (66.7%) had a household ranging from 1‒5 with a mean household size of 5. The result further showed that 62.12% of the respondents moderately diversify their means of livelihood, while 34.85% did not diversify. Gender, marital status, poverty status, primary occupation and membership of association were significant factors that influenced livelihood diversification of the rural households in the study area. Therefore, there is need to sensitize rural households to diversify their income source in other to improve their livelihood. ©2017 BluePen Journals Ltd. All rights reserved


A previously reported 29-state R-matrix electron scattering calculation including the n [le] 5 states of neutral helium is extended to include higher-incident electron energies and also (N + 1)-electron symmetries with orbital angular momentum L [le] 9. Total collision strengths for many LS transitions among the lowest 19 (n[le]4) states are presented for the first time. All results include where necessary an estimate of the contribution to the total collision strength from those partial waves with L > 9 which are not explicitly included. Data are presented in several formats. Collision strengths for all transitions from the ground state are presented in tabular form for energies from threshold to 33.9 eV, using a mesh fine enough to resolve the main resonances in the excitation threshold impact energy region. Then, thermally averaged effective collision strengths are tabulated for all converged transitions in a range of electron temperatures from 2000 to 30,000 K. Finally, the energy-dependent collision strengths together with comparisons with a previous 19-state R-matrix calculation are plotted graphically for all transitions. 6 refs., 157 figs, 6 tabs.


A promising type of solution to the problem of reducing impact forces upon pier structure appeared to be to place rubble mound structures around the bridge piers so that colliding vessels would be deflected or stopped by the mound. Existing information on collisions between vessels and rubble mound slopes was found to be limited and not useful for design purposes. It was therefore decided to carry out a series of studies of the dynamics of such collisions. Information on deformation properties of various type of vessels was obtained from previous studies by naval architects, while data on the behavior of colliding vessels and of the soil mechanics were obtained by comprehensive hydraulic and geotechnical model tests with rigid vessels. This paper describes the hydraulic model tests and the mathematical model developed from studies.


The Tremadoc genus Acanthopleurella includes the smallest of mature trilobites. The type species, A. grindrodi, is revised and a new species A. stipulae described. They both have four thoracic segments and were derived neotenously from a shumardiid ancestor by suppression of the release of two (?) segments. They were specialized, secondarily blind, burrowing deposit feeders. The extremely small size of A. stipulae enabled it to co-exist with Conophrys salopiensis, inhabiting the same substrate.


The hymen at different stages of life from birth to menopause was examined under the microscope. Each section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson, Best's carmine, Orcein, PAS, Mallory's and modified Wilder technique. The modified Bodian's technique was used to stain the nerve fibers and the nerve cells.


The stress-strain measures are essential parts of nonlinear continuum mechanics. In general structural components or continuum bodies will exhibit large strain when undergoing a geometrically nonlinear deformation process. In this Paper, geometrically nonlinear formulations based on two-dimensional 4-node plane stress and plane strain isoparametric finite elements are developed. The nonlinear formulations are based on the total Lagrangian formulation and using the Green's strains and Geometric strains. The formulations are implemented into a general-purpose nonlinear finite element program NUSAP and the stresses obtained from the two strain measures. Numerical examples are used to compare the 2nd Piola-Kirchoff and the Engineering stresses obtained.


Writing in his diary in 1898 from the rain-drenched Skokomish Reservation in western Washington, the missionary Myron Eells made a confession. "Have finished copying the journal of Rev. H. H. Spalding from 1839 to 1843, for Prof. F. G. Young of the Oregon State University. I have[,] I acknowledge, omitted a few pages which speak of some of the troubles of the missions, which had better never see the light." As Eells labored over this task, spending four months copying "87 large foolscap pages" of Spalding's "fine writing—205 of my smaller pages," he was both preserving and censoring a unique manuscript created by the first missionary to the Nez Perce. Fortunately, Eells's censorship did not extend to destroying his sources.


The superspace ap proach does not give a di rect con nec tion to ir re duc ible rep re sen ta tion anal y sis, as in tro duced by E.F. Bertaut [3]. For this rea son we have also im ple mented a tool which can di rectly per form such an anal y sis in the Jana pack age. This part of the pro gram is an a log i cal to pro grams such as MODY [4], SA RAh [5] and BasIReps [6]. New con tri bu tion of Jana is that the re sult of the rep re sen ta tive anal y sis is trans formed (see ex am ple in Fig.1) into (super)space mag netic group. More over all ad di tional con di tions (if any) nec es sary to as sure se lected ir re duc ible rep re sen ta tion are gen er ated au to mat i cally and used dur ing the re fine ment pro cess. This makes pos si ble to test all ac cept able ir re duc ible rep re sen ta tion di rectly in terms of Laue sym me try and sys tem atic ex tinc tions. The re fined mag netic struc ture can be vi su al ized by call ing a suit able ex ter nal draw ing pro gram from Jana2006. In Fig. 2 an ex am ple of a re fined mag netic struc ture is drawn by Di a mond 3.0 [7]. The pro gram has been al ready tested on sev eral data sets from dif fer ent sources (ILL, ISIS, PSI, ...). Dur ing the lec ture more de tails will be pre sented about im ple men ta tion of the mag netic op tion into Jana2006 and ex am ples of al ready re fined struc tures will be demonstrated.


Our experiments suggest that in the development of plant dust‐induced fibrosing alveobronchiolitis—Scadding's fibrosing alveolitis—the cellulose content of plant dusts has a decisive aetiological role. Namely, the wood dust (pine) and the cellulose induced morphologically identical granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis, whereas the fibre‐free extract of wood dust did not cause pathological changes in the lungs. The induction of H2O2 and superoxide anion production, shown in vitro in leucocytes, probably has an important role in the development of fibrosis.


The loss -controlled compound fertilizer is produced based on the latest research results of Chinese Academy of Sciences, aiming at increasing utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer and reducing environmental pollution. Natural attapulgite and biopolymer material of radiation modified,which adsorb N, P,K for controlling nutrient loss,are used in the fertilizer. The nutrient control,fertilizer saving,soil improvement, environmental protection, yield increase, and fertilizer efficiency of the loss -controlled compound fertilizer are described.


: Over a period of twenty-seven years (1978–2005), Amos Gitai directed a trilogy dealing with the cultural, political, and social consequences of the renovation and redesign of the same house located in Jerusalem. We consider intermediality an interesting way of looking at this corpus of nonfiction films. This way of thinking offers a framework to help us come to terms with the conditions of the possibility of living a shared experience. The purpose of this paper is to explore this trilogy as an intermedial milieu. We seek to understand: What sets this milieu in motion? What mediations are staged by Gitai in these three films? The study of the trilogy itself and of the "blockages" that we see taking shape in it led us to use another expression than "living together" that could render conceptually the limits and frictions staged in the films. The term "co-existence" seems to us to be more appropriate to account for the aspects evoked by Gitai in the Bait trilogy.


Musicians produce individualized, expressive performances by manipulating parameters such as dynamics, tempo and articulation. This manipulation of expressive parameters is informed by elements of score information such as pitch, meter, and tempo and dynamics markings (among others). In this paper we present an interactive interface that gives users the opportunity to explore the relationship between structural elements of a score and expressive parameters. This interface draws on the basis function models, a data-driven framework for expressive performance. In this framework, expressive parameters are modeled as a function of score features, i.e., numerical encodings of specific aspects of a musical score, using neural networks. With the proposed interface, users are able to weight the contribution of individual score features and understand how an expressive performance is constructed.


Hospitality services management Empowering unit management Team leadership and motivation Working with people Staff retention and turnover Staff recruitment and selection Employee development and training Managing service quality Time management and activity planning Control and operating profit management Food and beverage cost management Labour cost management Sales generation and marketing Preparing a unit business plan Quick service restaurants - case study


A water soluble ionomer with natrium propanesulfonate groups was prepared based on a linear polyurethane with high content of NHCOO structures. This compound was used both as macromolecular electrolyte and dopant ion in electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole, obtaining a molecular level polypyrrole-propanesulfonate polyurethane composite with electroconductive properties. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


ABSTRACT : Dihydropyrimidines (DHPMs) are of much importance due to excellent pharmacological properties. In this account we have synthesized new functionalized DHPMs (a) 5-benzoyl-6-methyl-4-phenyl-3,4dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (KT-01) and (b) 5-benzoyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (KT-03) in two step reaction. The first step involves the synthesis of benzoylacetone and the second step involves the one pot, three component cyclo condensation reaction of benzoylacetone, benzaldehyde (substituted) and urea using catalytic amount of concentrated HCl in ethanol provided access to targeted dihydropyrimidine. Structures of these compounds have been confirmed by IR, H-NMR and Mass spectroscopy.


These days, CEOs question the return on corporate R&D investments--which, in the U.S. alone, escalated to $187 billion in 2004--with most firms keeping their R&D budget, as a percentage of total sales revenues, relatively flat in recent years. A recent Booz Allen Hamilton study of the world's 1,000 biggest corporate R&D spenders found little relationship between R&D spending levels and business Success. What explains this apparent paradox? The industrial era R&D model, which sustained firms' growth throughout the 20th century by churning out product innovations, is starting to crumble as new market forces expose its systemic inefficiencies and inadequacies: higher-risk stakes, customer unresponsiveness, Western markets bias, anemic productivity rates, growing skills obsolescence, and a shrinking local talent pool. Does CEOs' disaffection with R&D mean that innovation no longer tops firms' growth agendas? No, because most corporate officers still believe that innovation is the key to profitability. But CEOs also worry that in today's digital economy, it's harder to sustain global competitiveness through product innovations alone, because these are prone to replication. Instead, continually reinventing business models--organizational structures, competencies, processes, and partnerships that define how and where products and services are created, marketed, and consumed--will make the strategic difference. That's why 55 percent of corporate officers surveyed by The Economist in 2005 reported that new business models will confer a greater strategic advantage than new products and services by 2010. But CEOs realize that their current R&D, which is designed to sustain a firm's existing business model, impedes their ability to rapidly craft and deploy new business models. CEOs want to develop promising new markets, craft new customer-centric value propositions, and create new sources of high-margin revenues. R&D in Eighth Place Unfortunately, only 17 percent of 765 CEOs surveyed by IBM for its 2006 global CEO study even mentioned R&D when listing their sources of business innovations. In fact, they ranked in-house R&D eighth among their main sources, well behind trading partners, customers, and even competitors. Worse yet, less than 3 percent of the global CEOs considered their R&D managers capable of leading enterprise-wide business innovations. Unimpressed by R&D's performance and leadership in delivering market-relevant new products, services and business models, CEOs are sourcing innovative capabilities from entrepreneurial customers, trading partners, creative employees across the organization, business-savvy IT organizations, and specialized service providers. As R&D loses some of its innovation cachet, does corporate R&D still matter? Yes! CEOs can not afford to discard the brainpower of increasingly scarce scientists and engineers. But to retain its relevance, CEOs must assign their R&D function a new mission: business model transformer. The new R&D function will help the firm deconstruct and reinvent business models. But CEOs can not expect corporate R&D to carry out its new mission of business model innovator with its current insular and unresponsive culture. Transforming the R&D Culture Forrester has identified a dozen leading firms--including Whirlpool, British Telecom, DuPont, IBM, and Reuters--in which growth-seeking CEOs have partnered with their R&D execs to transform the R&D culture to become 1) market-focused, 2) collaborative, and 3) adaptive. …


Introduction: Adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) has been reported in the psychiatric literature with lifetime prevalence of 6.6%, which is associated with different comorbidities. Here, we report an adult Bangladeshi female presented with ASAD for her pets with superimposed superstitious beliefs. Case Presentation: A 27 year- old- female presented with excessive unusual preferences and preoccupation with her 2 cats for the last 4 years. She also presented with severe anxiety, fear, and sleep disturbances with bad dreams related to her pets. She had persistent fear of losing her pets and suspected that people including her family members might harm them. She was increasingly unwilling to keep herself away from the cats, resulting in her social isolation and limitation in other activities. She married 2 years ago afterlong periodof affairs, but refusedto stayin herin-laws residencewithout her petsand sheeven avoidedher husband. She behaves with pets as if they are her children and does not want to have children anymore. Conclusions: Extreme pet preference with avoidance of usual family life contrasting the cultural belief encouraged the authors to draw the attention of scientific community.


The unique holotype of Peronomyrmex overbecki Viehmeyer is described and figured. This monotypic genus appears related to Podomyrma Fr. Smith.


The plant Tarchonanthus camphoratus belongs to the Asteraceae family. Its common name is wild sage or camphor bush. It is widely distributed, but has similar medicinal use throughout its range. It is taken orally or applied externally to relieve bronchitis, asthma, headache, inflammation, chilblains or abdominal pains. The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of the extracts from the leaves of this plant. A powdered sample of the leaves weighing 500 g was sequentially extracted with hexane (1.5 L), dichloromethane (1.5 L) and methanol (3 x 1.5 L). The methanolic extract was partitioned between equal volumes (250 ml each) of distilled water and n-butanol. The n-butanol fraction was concentrated under reduced pressure followed by addition of diethyl ether, precipitating 20 g of a dry crude extract. The extract was successively fractionated using hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and methanol yielding 1.6 g, 1.4 g, 1.6 g, 7.0 g, and 1.4 g, 2 g and 4 g respectively of samples soluble in each solvent. Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of terpenoids in hexane, dichloromethane, and chloroform fractions. Ethyl acetate fraction contained terpenoids and phenolics. Tannins, phenolics and flavonoids were present in the acetone and ethanol fractions while tannins, phenolics and saponins were present in the methanol fraction. Antimicrobial activity tests of the extracts soluble in various solvents were then performed on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Bacillus spp. Ethyl acetate fraction was active against E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, and Bacillus spp while the methanol fraction was active against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, and Bacillus spp. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Ethyl acetate fraction was 80 mg/ml, 67 mg/ml, 57 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml for E. coli, P. mirabilis, Bacillus spp and S. typhi respectively. The inhibitory bioactivity against a variety of bacteria validates the traditional usage of the plant as a remedy for various conditions.


The utility model relates to arnebia root oil-immersed spunlace nonwoven fabric paste for external use and belongs to medical dressing. The arnebia root oil-immersed spunlace nonwoven fabric paste for external use comprises an isolation cloth, a mucilage glue layer, a spunlace nonwoven fabric and arnebia root oil, and the arnebia root oil-immersed spunlace nonwoven fabric paste for external use is technically improved in the aspects that the mucilage glue layer is adhered to the inner side of the isolation cloth, the arnebia root oil is immersed to the spunlace nonwoven fabric, and the spunlace nonwoven fabric is fixedly bonded on the isolation cloth. By virtue of the technical improvements, the arnebia root oil-immersed spunlace nonwoven fabric paste for external use has the beneficial effects that the isolation cloth is waterproof and can separate oil, so that wounded skin can be prevented from touching water and the arnebia root oil can be prevented from permeating clothes; the mucilage glue layer can directly paste the arnebia root oil-immersed spunlace nonwoven fabric paste onto skin, thus a patient can move conveniently, and the arnebia root oil-immersed spunlace nonwoven fabric paste is prevented from slipping off.


An alternate development of the quasilinearization method for parameter estimation is presented to enable a more efficient implementation of the algorithm. Similarity of this algorithm to Gauss-Newton method is shown and attention is given to systems having a nonlinear relationship between the observed and state variables. To overcome the problem of a small region of convergence, the use of direct search optimization is proposed for the first few iterations, followed by the simplified quasilinearization algorithm.


The work deals with methods, algorithm, and the structure of computer simulation of night-vision devices (passive type) operation in polarized and non-polarized light.


Today, national and European levels of governance must move in close embrace. This article concerns the usages of European political resources by Belgian actors in the making of family-friendly policies. The history of policy changes that took place in Belgium over the last 20 years in these matters benefit from the analogy with tango. Like tango dancers, Belgium and Europe seem to enjoy a close intimacy. They regularly exchange the roles of leader and follower and there is no room for a relationship of master and servant. Like tango again, the Belgian case questions work-life balance in the view of gender equality.


The well-known protection engineer J. Lewis Blackburn once said, "The protection of motors varies considerably and is less standardized in general than the protection of the other apparatus or parts of the power system. This results from the very wide variety of sizes, types, and applications of motors" [1].


The growth of the patient organization Deutsche Rheuma-Liga has primarily been based on the fact that it has been possible to offer hydrotherapy and physiotherapy exercise groups for patients with a rheumatic disease. In the state of North Rhine-Westfalia for example about 35.000 patients take part in hydrotherapy exercise groups, about 10.000 in other physiotherapy groups. Volunteers in about 100 local branches organize these therapy groups. How do we enable that the patient gets the right therapy? How is it made possible that the therapists working for us are doing a good job? What is done so that our patients and members but also those who subsidize these therapies are satisfied? These are just some questions that will be answered in the talk "How to ensure quality in exercise groups organized by patients". Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Faculty of Medicine, Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pneumology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Correspondence Dr Philipp R. Esser, Faculty of Medicine, Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Funding information P.R.E was funded by DFG-Grant ES431/1-1


Introduction Previous research has demonstrated the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency on the wellbeing of healthcare workers. However, few research contributions reported a longitudinal evaluation of psychological distress and examined determinants of its duration and course over time. The present study aims to explore the impact of the pandemic emergency on HCWs mental health by adopting a longitudinal design and assessing mental health as combination of overlapping clinical symptoms (post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety). Methods Data were collected weekly through a mobile application during and after the first wave of COVID-19 in the province of Quebec, Canada, in 2020. Analysis was conducted on a final sample of 382 participants. Participants were grouped into "resilient" (RES) if they did not manifest clinical-level psychological distress during monitoring, "short-term distress" (STD) if distress exceeded the clinical threshold for 1–3 weeks, and longer-term distress (LTD) if it occurred for four or more weeks, even if not consecutively. Descriptive statistics for all variables were computed for each subgroup (RES, STD and LTD), and pairwise comparisons between each group for every descriptive variable were made using chi square statistics for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Predictors of distress groups (STD and LTD vs RES) were assessed running multinomial hierarchical logistic regression models. Results In our sample, almost two third (59.4%) HCWs did not manifest moderate or severe distress during the monitoring time. Short-term distress, mostly post-traumatic symptoms that lasted for less than 4 weeks, were the most common distress response, affecting almost one third of participants. Longer psychological distress occurred only in a smaller percentage (12.6%) of cases, as a combination of severe posttraumatic, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Perceived occupational stress was the most significant risk factor; moreover individual, peritraumatic work and family risk and protective factors, were likely to significantly affect the stress response. Discussion Results tend to provide a more complex and resiliency-oriented representation of psychological distress compared to previous cross-sectional studies, but are in line with stress response studies. Findings allow us to better describe the profiles of distress response in STD and LTD groups. Participants that manifest short term distress experience acute stress reaction in which the interplay between personal, family and professional life events is associated with the stress response. Conversely, longer term distress response in HCWs presents a more complex mental health condition with an higher level of impairment and support needs compared to participants with short-term distress.


semantic-category-to-response relationships. These findings extend other evidence for automatic semantic-to-response mediation of S-R priming effects (Reynvoet et al., 2002) in dual-task situations, operating in parallel in the unattended task. These findings provide interesting converging evidence for the arrangement of human central information-processing architecture and suggest, along with the results from the other authors cited here, that the classical conception of response selection needs to be reconsidered. Ph.D. Thesis – Sandra Thomson; McMaster University – Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour 57 References Fischer, R., Miller, J., & Schubert, T. (2007). Evidence for parallel semantic memory retrieval in dual tasks. Memory & Cognition, 35, 1659-1699. Hommel, B. (1998). Automatic stimulus–response translation in dual-task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 24, 1368-1384. Kucera, H., & Francis, W.N. (1967). Computational Analysis of Present-Day American English. Providence: Brown University Press. Logan, G. D. (1988). Toward an instance theory of automatization. Psychological Review, 95, 492-527. Logan, G. D., & Delheimer, J. A. (2001). Parallel memory retrieval in dual-task situations: II. Episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 27, 668-685. Logan, G. D., & Gordon, R. D. (2001). Executive control of visual attention in dual-task situations. Psychological Review, 108, 393-434. Logan, G. D., & Schulkind, M. D. (2000). Parallel memory retrieval in dual-task situations: I. Semantic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 1072-1090. Meyer, D. E., & Kieras, D. E. (1997a). A computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple-task performance: Part 1. Basic mechanisms. Psychological Review, 104, 3-65. Ph.D. Thesis – Sandra Thomson; McMaster University – Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour 58 Meyer, D. E., & Kieras, D. E. (1997b). A computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple-task performance: Part 2. Accounts of psychological refractory-period phenomena. Psychological Review, 104, 749-791. Miller, J. (2006). Backward crosstalk effects in psychological refractory period paradigms: Effects of second-task response types on first-task response latencies. Psychological Research, 70, 484-493. Miller J., & Alderton, M. (2006). Backward response-level crosstalk in the psychological refractory period paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 149-165. Navon, D., Miller, J. (2002). Queuing or sharing? A critical evaluation of the singlebottleneck notion. Cognitive Psychology, 44, 193-251. Pasher, H. (1984). Processing stages in overlapping tasks: Evidence for a central bottleneck. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 358-377. Pashler, H. (1994). Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 220-244. Pashler, H., & Baylis, G. (1991). Procedural learning: 1. Locus of practice effects in speeded choice tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 20-32. Pashler, H., & Johnston, J. C. (1998). Attentional limitations in dual-task performance. In H. Pashler (Ed.), Attention (pp. 155-189). Hove, U.K.: Psychology Press. Ph.D. Thesis – Sandra Thomson; McMaster University – Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour 59 Reynvoet, B., Caessens, B., & Brysbaert, M. (2002). Automatic stimulus-response associations may be semantically mediated. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 107-112. Telford, C. W. (1931). The refractory phase of voluntary and associative responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14, 1-36. Tombu, M., & Jolicoeur, P. (2002). All-or-none bottleneck versus capacity sharing accounts of the psychological refractory period phenomenon. Psychological Research, 66, 274-286. Tombu, M., & Jolicoeur, P. (2003). A central capacity sharing model of dual-task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 3-18. Watter, S., & Logan, G. D. (2006). Parallel response selection in dual-task situations. Perception & Psychophysics, 68, 254-277. Ph.D. Thesis – Sandra Thomson; McMaster University – Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour 60 CHAPTER 3 PRP Training Shows Task1 Response Selection is the Locus of the Backward Response Compatibility Effect Thomson, S. J., Danis, L. K., & Watter, S. Submitted July 15, 2013 to Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Manuscript ID PBR-BR-13-200 Ph.D. Thesis – Sandra Thomson; McMaster University – Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour 61 Abstract The present study investigates the effect of practice in a psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm on the backward compatibility effect (BCE), in order to determine the locus of this response priming effect on Task1 performance. In two experiments, we show that the size of the BCE depends on the duration of the response selection stage in Task1. When this stage is shortened through PRP practice, the magnitude of the BCE decreases. Subsequently increasing the duration of Task1 response selection results in a larger BCE, but manipulating the same stage in Task2 does not. Our results suggest that the BCE reflects crosstalk of unattended response information for Task2 acting on the response selection stage in Task1, and suggest that response information for two tasks may be activated simultaneously. Ph.D. Thesis – Sandra Thomson; McMaster University – Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour 62 Introduction Dual-task interference is often attributed to a bottleneck at the response selection stage of the processing stream (Pashler, 1994), where the response selection stage of the second task cannot begin until this central stage is complete for the first task. In contrast to this idea, a number of crosstalk studies have demonstrated that Task1 performance is influenced by the compatibility relationship between the Task1 and Task2 responses in a psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm. Specifically, Task1 reaction time (RT1) is shorter when Task2 requires a compatible, rather than incompatible response (Ellenbogen & Meiran, 2008; Hommel, 1998; Miller, 2006; Thomson, Watter, & Finkelshtein, 2010; Watter & Logan, 2006). Compatibility has been defined in a variety of ways across tasks in these studies: identical manual responses, spatially compatible verbal and manual responses (press left key and say "left"), or even corresponding go/nogo responses. Such backward compatibility effects (BCEs) suggest that response information for Task2 is available before Task1 response processing is complete. There is an emerging consensus that the BCE reflects the priming of the response selection stage in Task1 from the automatically-activated Task2 response; while many findings are consistent with this idea, there is relatively little direct evidence for this assumed Task1 response selection locus. A potential alternative explanation for the BCE is that the response selection stage in Task2 interacts with Task1 during its motor execution stage, after Task1 response selection is complete (e.g., Miller & Alderton, 2006). This alternative interpretation does not conflict with the traditional response Ph.D. Thesis – Sandra Thomson; McMaster University – Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour 63 selection bottleneck (RSB) model, as it requires no overlap in the response selection processes of the two tasks. Therefore, the precise processing stage that is influenced by response information generated for Task2 is critical for assessing the discreteness assumption of the RSB model. Our goal was to directly test the idea that the BCE is a marker of Task2 response information priming Task1 response selection. If the BCE reflects priming on Task1 response selection, there are two things that should be important for the presence and magnitude of the BCE: the strength or degree of automatic response activation in Task2, and the degree of susceptibility of response selection in Task1 to the influence of Task2 response information. There is some debate as to whether the automatic activation of Task2 response information producing the BCE is episodically-mediated or driven by multiple task rules held concurrently in working memory (Ellenbogen & Meiran, 2008; Hommel, 1998; Hommel & Eglau, 2002), but it seems clear that the BCE emerges quickly with practice (with typical tasks, often within a single experimental block, on the order of tens of trials). Therefore in this study we chose to manipulate the sensitivity of Task1 response selection to response information generated concurrently for Task2, and measure the effect of this manipulation on the size of the BCE. One way to manipulate the degree of exposure of Task1 response selection to Task2 response information is to manipulate the duration of Task1 response selection. We predict that the duration of Task1 response selection should be directly related to the size of the BCE. Our approach was to alter the duration of this stage through training. Extensive practice with the PRP paradigm has been shown to reduce dual-task Ph.D. Thesis – Sandra Thomson; McMaster University – Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour 64 interference (i.e., the PRP effect, assessed as the difference in Task2 reaction time [RT2] at short versus long stimulus onset asynchrony [SOA]; Ruthruff, Johnston, & Van Selst, 2001; Ruthruff, Van Selst, Johnston, & Remington, 2006; Van Selst, Ruthruff, & Johnston, 1999). Strobach, Liepelt, Pashler, Frensch, and Schubert (2013) recently demonstrated that PRP practice primarily reduces the duration of the central response selection stage of processing for each task (see also Pashler & Baylis, 1991), and a number of studies have proposed that it is this central stage shortening that causes the reduction in the PRP effect (Ruthruff et al., 2001; Ruthruff et al. 2006; Strobach et al


Objective To study the effect of health education on quality of life(QOL)in community hypertensive patients.Methods Three hundred hypertensive patients sampled from two community service stations in Xiangshan County were randomly divided into control group(n=150)and intervention group(n=150).The patients in control group received routine management and those in intervention group received routine management plus health education.Their QOL was assessed according to the SF-36 Scale in aspects of physiological function(PF),role of physiology(RP),role of emotion(RE),social function(SF),body pain(BP),vitality(VT),mental health(MH)and general health(GH).Results No significant difference was found in PF,RP,RE,SF,BP,VT,MH and GH scores of QOL between the two groups before health education(P0.05).The PF,RP,RE,SF,BP,VT,MH and GH scores of QOL were significantly higher in intervention group than in control group 1year after health education(P0.05).The PF,RP,SF,BP,VT,MH and GH scores of QOL were significantly higher in intervention group 1year after health education than before health education(P0.05).The PF and MH scores of QOL were significantly lower in control group 1year after health education than before health eduction(P0.05).The systolic blood pressure was lower in intervention group 1year after health education than before health eduction(129.11±9.25 mm Hg vs 132.20±12.91 mm Hg,P0.05).Conclusion Drug treatment combined with appropriate health education can effectively control blood pressure and improve QOL in hypertensive patients.


Livestock husbandry based on goats as well as fires linked with this activity, seem to be the main factors which have in fluenced the landscape evolution in the North Extremadura mountain ranges, as it is shown in the palynological analysis of La Paneras peat bog, located in Gargant a la Olla (Caceres). This peat bog started to develop in the early XVIII cent ury, in an environment where remarkable climatic changes and outstanding histori cal events have shaped the landscape we can observe nowadays.


In this paper we propose the variant Z-type nonlinear weights in the fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) finite difference scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws. Instead of employing the classical smoothness indicators for the nonlinear weights, we take the pth root of the smoothness indicators and follow the form of Z-type nonlinear weights introduced by Borges et al., leading to fifth order accuracy in smooth regions, even at the critical points, and sharper approximations around the discontinuities. We also prove that the proposed nonlinear weights converge to the linear weights as p → ∞, meaning the convergence of the resulting WENO numerical flux to the finite difference numerical flux. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that the proposed WENO scheme performs better than the WENO-JS, WENO-M and WENO-Z schemes in shock-capturing.


Imagine how much time and expense could be saved if virtual experiments were done prior to actual testing in order to have some confidence in the chosen parameters. Structural tension connection strength is often expressed as efficiency, the test failure load divided by the failure load for the gross area of the connected member. Experimentally this is done by testing a connection to failure and also testing a tension coupon to find ultimate strength. Finite element studies are often used to predict relative structural failure loads, but actual failure load depends upon the failure criterion. This paper presents an analytic procedure that may aid in the development and interpretation of full-scale tests. This is especially important in an experimental program for steel connections due to the cost involved in the testing of a single connection and the need to find results for varying geometries. Finite-element results are compared to experimentally found efficiencies of some welded steel connections for pl...