This paper deals with the design optimization of iron-cored linear motor with trapezoidal permanent magnets (PMs) configurations. Such motor is a short-stroke, single-phase tubular linear permanent magnet motor (TLPMM). The motor equipped with a quasi-Halbach magnetized moving-magnet armature and stator with a single slot and a single coil. The predicted magnetic field distribution in the airgap, flux-linkage and winding inductance of the proposed design, are already presented in a previous papers. The design optimization of the proposed TLPMM for the leading design parameters has been conducted. The optimal values of the axial length of the magnet at the center to the pole-pitch ratio and the split ratio are found to be 0.64 and 0.52. The efficiencies at these optimal values are 93.13 % and 93.8 %, respectively. Also, the angle of the trapezoidal PMs is optimized, and it is found to be equal 60°. Meanwhile, the losses of the motor, such as iron loss and copper loss are predicted and analyzed. The finite-element analysis (FEA) was successfully implemented for this study.


Fault shear slip potential is analysed in the area where induced earthquakes (up to 3.9 Mw) occurred in May–June 2015 approximately 30 km south of Fox Creek, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Canada. The induced earthquakes were generated by the hydraulic fracturing of the Upper Devonian Duvernay Formation. Interpretation of a 3-D seismic survey and analysis of the ant tracking attribute identifies a linear discontinuity that likely represents a subvertical fault with strike length of 1.4 km, which is aligned with the zone of induced earthquake hypocentres. 1-D–3-D geomechanical modelling is conducted to characterize mechanical rock properties, initial reservoir pressure and stress field. Hydraulic fracture propagation and reservoir pressure buildup simulations are run to analyse lateral fluid pressure diffusion during well treatment. The interaction of natural fractures introduced as Discrete Fracture Network and hydraulic fractures is tested. 3-D poroelastic reservoir geomechanical modelling is completed to simulate slip reactivation of the identified fault zone. The obtained results support that additional pressure buildup of 20 MPa in treatment wells can propagate laterally along hydraulic fractures (and potentially natural fracture network) for about 550 m and reach the fault zone. The increase of fluid pressure by 20 MPa in the fault zone results in dextral slip along the fault, mostly in the interval of the Duvernay and overlying Ireton Formations, corroborating prior focal mechanism results and hypocentral depths. The simulations indicate that lateral transmission of additional fluid pressure from the fracturing stimulation area to the fault zone could happen in a few days after the treatment of lateral wells that is supported by the observed induced earthquakes. This study helps to quantify changes in fluid pressure and stresses that may result in fault shear slip during hydraulic fracturing and predict the potential of induced seismicity connected to hydrocarbon production from the Duvernay Play.


The dictionary "List of Sport Terms" is the output of the
research Project no. 076UK-4/2012 Cultural and Educational
Grant Agency of The Ministry of Education, Science, Research
and Sport of the Slovak Republic. The project "Integration and
Diversification of Teaching English at Faculties of Slovak
Universities Educating Sports Experts" was realized in time
period 2012-2013.


Accurate transmission line modeling is required for multi-gigahertz designs. To capture high frequency effects such as frequency-dependent dielectric and conductor loss, S-parameters obtained from VNA measurement are commonly used to model transmission lines. Unfortunately, such method has not been very robust since the S-parameters from VNA measurement have a low frequency limit. In this paper, we present a method to obtain a broadband transmission line model with accurate low-frequency response. A conversion formale from the S-parameters to RLGC models is first derived for multi-conductor transmission lines. We then demonstrate the inaccuracy in transient waveforms of transmission line models due to inaccurate low frequency response. Finally we present a method to calculate the accurate low-frequency response using TDR time-domain measurements in addition to VNA frequency domain measurements


Objective To explore and analyze the clinical data of real word based on topic model,in order to study symptom and medication relationship of Bi-symptom in treatment of diabetes mellitus( DM) in TCM. Methods Using information sharing platform system of clinical research,1073 pieces of symptoms or medication data of Bi-symptom in DM patients were collected,and 316 cases which had both symptoms and medication information were analyzed with LDA topic model to explore the symptom and medication relationship. Results The main symptom and medication rule: Flos carthami, Femen persicae, Rhizoma Ligustici chuanxiong and Lumbricus were added if there was numbness and pain in the limbs; Radix salviae miltiorrhizae,Radix paeoniae alba and Radix rehmannia recens were added if there was dry month,fatigue and blurred vision; Radix puerariae and Radix salviae miltiorrhizae were added if there was oppression in chest; Radix Ophiopogonis,Adenophora stricta and Radix pseudostellariae were added if there was oppression in chest, fatigue, dizziness and palpitation; Ramulus cinnamomi, Radix paeoniae alba, Radix puerariae,Herba asari and Radix glycyrrhizae were added if there was numbness in the limbs,pain and fear of cold; Pericarpium citr reticulatae, Rhizoma pinelliae and Rhizoma coptidis were added if there was poor appetite, insomnia and constipation. Conclusion The number of Bi-symptom in DM patients is considerable with relatively single symptoms and medications. Focusing on the main symptoms and selecting medicine according to symptoms meet the characteristic of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM.


Structures around the cervical spine are a common source of neck pain and have numerous aetiologies. One of the aetiologies considered here is the sustained abnormal posture; this type of presentation can be seen in the population which works tirelessly in the same position for hours like the patient in our case who works as a technician. Patient's main concerns were pain in right shoulder radiating till the elbow, the severity of the pain kept the patient awake for nights. Clinical findings include severely restricted extension of neck and reduced lateral flexion and rotation of the affected side; Spurling's test positive for the affected side and distraction test positive. MRI revealed cervical intervertebral disc protrusion at multiple levels (C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7). This case report concluded that poor cervical posture responsible for overloading on cervical spine leads to disc protrusion in people who work for long hours in abnormal posture.


The geographic name in the poetry is a cultural image,and usually used by poets to express their feelings and thoughts.The article first discusses its rich historical and cultural information in the classic Chinese poetry,probes into the ways it is translated into English according to its meaning and function in the original poems,and then realizes the accurate replacement between the source language and the target language to make the readers taste the original Chinese traditional culture while enjoying the wonderful poems.


To each finite-dimensional vector space E can canonically associate the space ΛE * ⊗ ΛE. This space has a natural inner product (bilinear, symmetric and non-degenerate) and two (algebraic) product structures. Identities relating these products should be important for understanding the structure of these algebras. Indeed such identities have been used, both to develop Mixed Exterior Algebra and to apply it. In the present paper, we obtain a new identity of this type and show that the identities mentioned above are consequences of it. In this sense, it may be regarded as basic to the subject.


This paper deals with control design for Lipschitz nonlinear systems with input delay. A prediction of the system state over the delay period is approximated by the finite dimensional term of the classical state predictor, with the distributed term dropped. This truncated predictor is then used for the state feedback control. A set of conditions for the stability of the closed-loop system are identified based on the analysis in the framework of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. These conditions are presented in the form of matrix inequalities, and generalize the results for the truncated predictor feedback for linear systems to nonlinear systems. The conditions can be checked using LMIs with a set of iterative scalar parameters, in a way similar to the linear systems counterpart.


During the process of deepening of market economy and reform, the Chinese enterprises should renew management idea, pay attention to management efficiency, carry out model management, and improve management quality in order to strengthen effective ways of enterprises' management


These notes contain an extended abstract and references for a minicourse given at the Summer School 'Microlocal and Geometric Methods in Representation Theory' (Schloss Reisensburg, July 2006) of the International Research Training Group Metz–Paderborn.


This book relies on a specific view about explanation in the social sciences. Although not primarily a work of philosophy of social science, it draws upon and advocates certain methodological ideas about how to explain social phenomena. In the first three chapters, these ideas are set out explicitly. In the rest of the book they mostly form part of the implicit background, although from time to time, notably in the Conclusion, they return to the center of the stage. I argue that all explanation is causal. To explain a phenomenon (an explanandum ) is to cite an earlier phenomenon (the explanans ) that caused it. When advocating causal explanation, I do not intend to exclude the possibility of intentional explanation of behavior. Intentions can serve as causes. A particular variety of intentional explanation is rational-choice explanation , which will be extensively discussed in later chapters. Many intentional explanations, however, rest on the assumption that agents are, in one way or another, irrational . In itself, irrationality is just a negative or residual idea, everything that is not rational. For the idea to have any explanatory purchase, we need to appeal to specific forms of irrationality with specific implications for behavior. In Chapter 14, for instance, I enumerate and illustrate eleven mechanisms that can generate irrational behavior. Sometimes, scientists explain phenomena by their consequences rather than by their causes. They might say, for instance, that blood feuds are explained by the fact that they keep populations down at sustainable levels. This might seem a metaphysical impossibility: how can the existence or occurrence of something at one point in time be explained by something that has not yet come into existence? As we shall see in Chapter 11, the problem can be restated so as to make explanation by consequences a meaningful concept. In the biological sciences, evolutionary explanation offers an example. In the social sciences, however, successful instances of such explanations are few and far between. The blood-feud example is definitely not one of them.


Summary form only given. In this paper the possibility of finite element method application is analysed for internal tensions design simulation in microbonds elements.


Introduction: Chronic inflammation predisposes to cancer. Cytokines play an essential role in cancer pathogenesis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that enables growth and differentiation of tumors. The effects of IL-6 are mediated by signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 deficiency reduced tumor incidence and growth while STAT3 hyperactivation has an opposite effect; also it negatively regulates p53 gene. IL-6/STAT3 signaling is crucial in carcinogenesis linked to inflammation. Increased IL-6 levels are observed in cancer. Studies investigating the role of IL-6 is limited. Aim: This study aims at determining IL-6 levels in lung, oral, esophageal, and gallbladder cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Subjects consisted of 175 patients with lung, oral, gall bladder, and esophageal cancers. The patients included 68 females and 107 males with an average age of 52 years. Fifty healthy individuals served as controls. IL-6 was detected by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay principle. Results: IL-6 values were determined in 175 (21 lung, 55 oral, 17 esophageal and 82 gallbladder) cancer patients. Of these, 147/175 (18 lung, 43 oral, 13 esophageal and 73 gallbladder) cancer patients (84%) showed higher IL-6 levels as compared to control group (normal range: <7 pg/ml). Conclusion: This indicates a significant correlation between IL-6 overexpression and cancer development, highlighting the significance of IL-6 in oral, lung, esophageal, and gallbladder carcinomas. IL-6 may be used as a tumor marker for cancer diagnosis. It may be a clinically significant predictor and may represent a target for cancer treatment. However, to definitely conclude this, further extensive studies would be required.


The use of cetylpyridinium bromide, a cationic surfactant, added as a modifier to an aqueous acetonitrile mobile phase allowed good separation of the inorganic anions iodate, bromate, bromide, nitrite, nitrate, iodide and thiocyanate on a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography column. Spectrophotometric detection at 222 nm was used for the identification and determination of the anions. The method was applied successfully to the determination of nitrite and nitrate in human saliva.


This invention discloses a method for preparing chito-oligosaccharide/seaweed fertilizer composite biological agent. The composite biological agent is composed of: chito-oligosaccharide 0.2-3 wt. %, seaweed fertilizer 0.5-3 wt. % (according to alginic acid weight), buffer solution (pH = 5-8) 1-30 wt. % (according to solute weight), and water as balance. The composite biological agent has improved drug efficiency and fertilizer efficiency, and can prevent and treat plant disease. Besides, the composite biological agent is environmentally friendly.


The purpose of this work was to collate selected agriculture universities in Europe on the basis of academic output. This analysis was performed with the data from the Web of Science Core Collection database for the period 2009-2016. Selected universities are: Wageningen University & Research (NLD – WUR), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SWE – SUA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NOR – NUA), Mendel University in Brno (CZE – MUA), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZE – CULS), Slovak University of Agriculture Nitra (SVK – SLUA), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EST – EULS), Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies (LVA – LLU), SGGW Warsaw University of Life Sciences (POL – WULS), University of Agriculture in Krakow (POL – KUA), Poznań University of Life Sciences (POL – PULS), Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences (POL – WUELS), University of Life Sciences in Lublin (POL – LULS). Research methodology was performed in three steps: 1)searches in the Web of Science Core Collection database of standardized institutional names of selected academic institutions; 2) downloading selected scientific documents that were published in the WoS CC for standardized institutional names of selected academic institutions in the years 2009-2016; 3) loading data from the WoS CC database into the InCites: Benchmarking & Analytics tool and analyzing selected indicators of academic output. In terms of employee publication activity, two groups can be distinguished: I – The Netherlands, Sweden, Norway and the Czech Republic, II – other universities. For all the analysed universities, both the number of publications and their quality increased over time, which proves the continuous scientific development of employees.


Hilary Marland's title calls to mind J H Plumb's grouse that whereas Leopold Ranke, one of the founding fathers of modern historical scholarship, contemplated a Universal History, "his scholarly descendants prefer a five-hundred-page study ofTooting Bec or a hefty thesis on the Missouri and Northern Arkansas Railroad Strike of 1921." Indeed it is no surprise to discover that this volume evolved from a University ofWarwick PHD thesis. In fact the volume is less parochial than might be thought. Eschewing the great man, great discovery, great institution approach to the history of medicine, Marland focuses on the medical profession and on medical facilities for the poor in the provinces. Late eighteenth and nineteenth century Wakefield and Huddersfield provide a splendid opportunity for examining questions hitherto considered, if considered at all, in a metropolitan or larger context. It should be remembered that it is monographs such as this that generate debate, call into question long cherished myths, and contribute to the establishment of a new consensus. Much of the first half of the volume concentrates on the principal institutions dispensing medical care to the working classes and the poor-namely, the medical poor law, medical charities, and friendly societies. In the north the poor law operated on a much smaller scale than in the south throughout the nineteenth century. This was partly because the industrial north was more prosperous but also because of stronger traditions of independence which fostered a network of medical charities, sick clubs, dispensaries, and a readiness to resort to the druggist and the quack. Although in individual cases medical relief could be relatively generous, it constituted only a small proportion of total poor law relief. Furthermore, both before and after the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act it was insignificant in comparison with private medical relief. Medical charities and the friendly societies aided many more of the sick than did the poor law. Middle class support of the house of recovery and dispensary was often pragmatic. As well as conferring social and business advantages on donors it gave security to the institutions, which, with their emphasis on treating infectious disease and people hurt in accidents at work, removed the contagious from circulation and ensured that workers were back in harness with the minimum of delay. Contributions to infirmaries could also come cheaper than introduction of safety precautions, employment of factory surgeons, or compensation payments. In contrast with the medical charities, friendly societies were important examples of working class self help. They were mainly concerned with paying monetary benefits rather than with providing medical care and attendance, but this suited the bulk of the membership, who, if the statistics are to be believed, suffered long term, chronic, and seasonal illness. For much of the nineteenth century medical science could do little to cure such cases, but a regular income could help to ward off pauperisation. Moreover, in concentrating on chronic cases the friendly societies filled a gap left by the medical charities and aided those most harshly treated by the poor law. Despite noticeably increased provision oforthodox medical care, irregular practice continued to flourish long into the nineteenth century. Marland cites some alarming remedies such as earthworms "slit and cleansed and washed from their slimy and earthy matter (half a dozen of them at least) and cut in pieces and chopped and a good mess ofpottage made thereof." Mixed with oatmeal and water and taken daily for at least 12 days, this was apparently a sure cure for "black jundice." The final chapters of the study concentrate on the development of the profession in the West Riding. Curiously, the author ignores the BMJ as a source of information on such questions as medical societies, intraprofessional conflict, and the campaign against quackery. Given that the7ournal during the mid nineteenth century was aimed largely at provincial practitioners and dealt at length with provincial affairs, this is a notable omission. Much of Marland's discussion supports or modifies rather than overturns the conclusions of historians like Peterson and Loudon.' 2 Moreover, some of her claims-for example, that she demonstrates the error of those who have discerned "substantial improvements in medical relief" before the 1860s (p 53)-are fanciful. Professor Flinn, who appears to be one of her targets on this point, states, in fact, that by the mid-1860s "thirty years of campaigning" had "produced only the most trifling of gains. "3 The book bears the marks of its PHD origins in its somewhat ponderous lists of sources consulted and chapter objectives. On the whole, however, it is a readable and important addition to publications on the topic, though its readership is more likely to be the academic historian and his research students than the amateur with an intelligent interest in medical history. PETER BARTRIP


Three-dimensional model of the headstock is set up based on Prole.This paper,adopting ANSYS,sets up finite element model,and makes force analysis.Thus it proves that imroving axial rigidity can improve the strenfth of headstock.


A high power quality islanding detecting method using effective power variation is provided to alleviate impact on a commercial system by applying a current having a designed value for a predetermined time. A high power quality islanding detecting method using effective power variation includes the steps of: matching zero crossing of output voltage through data sampling(S100,S110); periodically varying output current of an inverter in the zero crossing state(S120); varying the output voltage according to the variation of the output current; and detecting islanding by using an active frequency drift of the output current when varying the output voltage.


Although P-tensor product compressed sensing (PTP-CS) breaks the strict dimension matching restriction between measurement matrix and signal in multiplication, it still faces the huge resource consumption problems of the frequent update and transmission of measurement matrix and signal reconstruction. Accordingly, we design a public measurement matrix and utilize the cloud to solve the PTP-CS reconstruction (PTP-CSR) task under privacy protection.Specifically, we propose a low complexity and secure PTP-CSR outsourcing model to protect the signal privacy, and further introduce user authentication and data verification services. In our model, the client samples the signal based on PTP-CS and uploads the encrypted measurement to the cloud. The cloud further encrypts the data asymmetrically for storage security and user management. After receiving the request, the cloud authenticates the user's identity. Once successful, the cloud processes the encrypted PTP-CSR task and returns result to users. More importantly, we provide result verification approach for users. Our experimental results demonstrate the privacy protection of the signal and the effectiveness of the proposed model.


Gypsum soils are problematic soils which are prone to a sudden and large volume changes (collapse) upon reduction in suction stress (wetting). Fly ash is a by-product material of coal combustion which is produced in huge amounts around the world and thus causes environmental pollution. Fly ash is a chemical stabilizer used to strengthening these soils under pozzolanic-chemical reactions and especially used highways roads construction. To examine the change in porosity, void ratio, and the collapse potential (CP) during the change in the physical and chemical properties of pore water in the soil, there are many tests, among which the electromagnetic properties test was used. The present paper is aimed to study the change of electromagnetic properties during the suction stress reduction on (CP) of fly ash stabilization soil. Four compacted soils with various cementation materials (fly ash and gypsum martial) were used. All samples were in dry and nearly complete saturation by coaxial line cells prior to the assay as Journal of Green Engineering, Vol. 11_3,


In this work, we investigate the role of low voltage reticle CD-SEM measurements on DUV lithography. We compare reticle measurements carried out on tow different CD-SEMs and optical measurements as typically carried out at mask shops. CD-SEM measurements using the 50 percent derivative algorithm on the KLA 8100ER CD-SEM and the 50 percent threshold algorithm on the Hitachi 6100 CD-SEM show good correlation with the optical measurements. As examples for the importance of LV CD-SEM reticle measurements we show the influence of proximity effects during reticle printing on CD variations on reticle level by comparing the values obtained on the reticle and on the wafer. Finally, we determine mask error factors. The MEF has to be taken into account to compare wafer and reticle CDs. We show that it does not change for wafer measurement after lithography and after poly-etch. The use of different metrology tools or electrical linewidth measurements does not influence the MEF.


X-ray monochromators, made of single crystals or multilayer coatings, are the most common optical components on many synchrotron beamlines. They intercept the broad-spectrum x-ray (white or pink) beams generated by the radiation source and absorb all but select narrow spectral bands of x-rays, which are diffracted according to Bragg's Law. With some incident beam power in the kW range, minimizing thermally induced deformation detrimental to the performance of the device necessitates the design of optimally cooled monochromators. Monochromator substrate designs have evolved, in parallel with thermal loads of the incident beams, from simple blocks with no cooling, to water cooled (both contact -cooled and internally cooled), and to cryogenically cooled designs where the undesirable thermal distortions are kept in check by operating in a temperature range where the thermomechanical properties of the substrate materials are favorable. Fortuitously, single-crystal silicon at cryogenic temperatures has an exceptionally favorable combination of high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient. With further increases in x-ray beam power, partly as a result of the upgrades to the existing synchrotron facilities, the question arises as to the ultimate limits of liquid-nitrogen-cooled silicon monochromators' ability to handle the increased thermal load. In this paper, we describe the difficulties and begin the investigation by using a simple geometric model for a monochromator and obtain analytical solutions for the temperature field. The temperature can be used as a proxy for thermally induced deformation. The significant role of the nonlinear material properties of silicon is examined.


The $g$ factor of the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ state in $^{70}\mathrm{Ge}$ was remeasured using a different experimental approach. Furthermore, for the first time an experimental value (although with a large uncertainty) was obtained for the $g$ factor of the ${2}_{2}^{+}$ state in $^{70}\mathrm{Ge}$. All this was accomplished by employing the technique of \ensuremath{\alpha} transfer to an energetic $^{66}\mathrm{Zn}$ ion beam in inverse kinematics combined with transient magnetic fields in ferromagnetic gadolinium. The value of the $g({2}_{1}^{+})$ factor obtained ranges from +0.32(11) to +0.43(12), subject to certain assumptions. This range of values is in general agreement with the range of values in the literature, where Coulomb excitation and different IMPAC techniques were used. Lifetimes of several low-lying states were redetermined using the Doppler-Shift-Attenuation-Method. The deduced $B(E2)$ values and the $g({2}_{1}^{+})$ factor are discussed within the framework of large-scale full $\mathit{fp}$ shell model calculations with a closed $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ core and including excitations from the ${f}_{7/2}$ orbital. The results are compared with recent data for $^{68}\mathrm{Ge}$ and $^{68}\mathrm{Zn}$.


As education evolves, more and more emphasis is placed upon group projects. With group projects come diversity, in-depth learning, open-mindedness, and many added stressors. One of the main causes of these stresses, as concluded in this thesis, is the task of scheduling. What if there was an app that you could download to schedule those group meetings for you? Well, there is! freeUP is an application that links to your school's learning platform (for example, Blackboard or Canvas) to make scheduling meetings easy and more productive. freeUP will provide much needed answers to today's top group work problems: scheduling, effective communication, and accountability. This thesis will illustrate the research and findings of a study launched specifically around group work and technology. This research was conducted around group work in general, as well as targeting the value added by using technology to alleviate the pain points of group work. The purpose of this research is to examine how freeUP can help improve team coordination challenges and effective meeting management. These problems, or themes, and the functionalities derived from their solutions, will be discussed in detail throughout this thesis. This senior honors thesis is available at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository: https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/321 Composed by: Jordan Howard-Collins in conjunction with Nicole Meyers Advisor: Kholekile Gwebu Secondary Advisor: Vanessa Druskat


Equality,it is a basic principle of the constitution,is our people′s pursuit and ideal too.Citizen′s equal right of labor is under the protection of legal.Guarantee the realization of equal right of labor,not only needs the agreements between the equal subjects,but also the involvement of administrative power.The enterprise or individual have equal rights of labor,both sides can realize right of labor through agreements,while because the particularity of the right of labor,it requires proper interference of administrative power of government.The intervention to the right from the administrative power needs the proper reason;the obvious one involves public interests and personal right,and for the proper purpose.


As a patient may live in many places and use many healthcare specialities, patient's clinical documents are often stored in several systems and locations. In order to alleviate this problem, an industry initiative IHE XDS allows health care documents to be shared over a wide area network, between hospitals, primary care providers, and social services. Its main innovation is the logical and physically separation of the indexing information used to retrieve documents from the actual content. Technically the XDS document registry is a subset of the ebXML Registry standard, and documents are exchanged using SOAP and HTTP, while SQL is used for information retrieval. Although IHE XDS has proven to be useful and workable innovation, we have investigated whether the technologies behind the IHE XDS could be replaced by new technologies such as by OWL-based registries and SPARQL engines. It turned out that these technologies enable the introducing simpler policies in document exchanges. For example, contrary to the IHE XDS, we do not have to expect patients' records to follow then when they move from one affinity domain to another. Instead one SPARQL query processed by a SPARQL engine is able to composing the links to patient's original clinical documents.


It is not our ambition to present an old subject, the etiology and nature of colon pyelitis, in a spectacular manner. We merely wish to give the results of our own clinical and laboratory observations on the lesions produced and etiologic factors concerned in the production of the colon type of renal infection, mindful of the fact that some of our views may seem radical departures from the beaten path of previously existing opinions. Granting the correctness of our contentions concerning the manner of production of the disease and the nature of the lesion resulting, prevention of infection in certain types of cases becomes not only a found hope but also a logical possibility. We shall make no attempt to reproduce the evidence leading us to accept the following views as to the mode of origin and pathologic nature of colon bacillus infection of the kidney. These facts are given


Rheumatoid arthritis which mainly involves the peripheral joints is one of multi-systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.At present,there are no specific treatments at home and abroad.Western medicine often uses non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs,glucocorticoids,immune and biological agents which have greater adverse reactions.Because of its low toxicity,few side effects and definite effects,the treatments of TCM in RA are getting more and more attentions in recent years.In addition to the oral medication,there are many external treatments.In this paper,it reviewed the advances of external treatments of TCM in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.


The aim of this study was to compare the compressive strength and amount of fluoride-release of recently developed giomers (Beautifil Flow Plus F00, Beautifil Flow Plus F03), conventional giomer, resin-modified glass ionomer and composite resin. Fifteen cylindrical specimens for each group were prepared to measure fluoride release. It was measured using pH/ISE meter and fluoride ion electrode every 24 hours for the first 7 days and every 72 hours until the 31st day. Also, fifteen cylindrical specimens for each group after thermocycling were prepared to measure compressive strength. The universal testing machine (Kyung-sung Testing Machine Co., Korea) was used and the crosshead speed was 1 mm/min. Recently developed giomers showed more fluoride release and higher compressive strength than conventional giomer. It would be a good alternative to composite resin.


Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) is a part of worldwide capital flows comprising of put out of monetary assets such as currency, supply or bonds across global borders in wish for earnings. FPI is a sole entity, which either boosts or impedes Indian economy and savings approach with each of momentary waft. For the period of behind 1980s and near the beginning 1990s portfolio savings emerged as a most essential type of resources inflow to growing countries. The consequence of portfolio savings to budding countries has arrived downward once the East Asian crisis of 1997. On the additional, most other emergent countries, India is at a standstill more reliant in the lead of Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) than Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a resource of foreign investment. Foreign Portfolio Investment inflows and outflows have a direct impact on Indian economy. One of the majority imperative features of the expansion of Indian economy in the last twenty years has been the mounting participation of FPI. Portfolio investment being an immediate verity it displays the Indian economy influence instantly. The aim of this revise is to check the relationship between Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) and select macroeconomic Indicators in India.


In this paper we present a set of multiscale, multidirectional, rotation-invariant features for colour texture characterization. The proposed model is based on the ranklet transform, a technique relying on the calculation of the relative rank of the intensity level of neighbouring pixels. Colour and texture are merged into a compact descriptor by computing the ranklet transform of each colour channel separately and of couples of colour channels jointly. Robustness against rotation is based on the use of circularly symmetric neighbourhoods together with the discrete Fourier transform. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach shows good robustness and accuracy. PACS numbers: 07.05.Pj, 42.30.Sy


Falling Men" in 9/11 American Fiction Gender critics such as Judith Butler and Michael Kimmel argue that post-9/11 American culture has embraced a traditional gender binary that positions men as the dominant protectors of women, children, and the nation as a whole, exemplified by the widespread veneration of heroic firefighters, soldiers, and the civilians of flight 93 in the media (Kimmel 249). This regression reinforces hegemonic masculinity in American culture, which R.W. Connell defines as "the pattern of practice (i.e., things done, not just a set of role expectations or an identity) that allow[s] men's dominance over women to continue" (Connell and Messerschmidt 832). Christine Beasley has "demassified" hegemonic masculinity by dividing it into two categories: sub-hegemonic masculinity, which refers to traditional modes of dominant masculinity that emphasize brawn and physical aggression, and supra-hegemonic masculinity, which designates the increasingly sublimated practices of dominance undertaken by business professionals. Rather than focusing on the sub-hegemonic ideals venerated after 9/11, my study will focus on a figure of supra-hegemonic masculinity that was suppressed in the United States after 9/11: the American businessman, who embodied the neoliberal values against which 9/11 was staged as a symbolic critique. I argue that this figure is focalized in several important works of 9/11 fiction, which attempt to reintroduce the centrality of this figure in the historical and geopolitical context of American capitalism in transnational markets. "Falling Men in 9/11 American Fiction" explores how novelists such as Don DeLillo, Laila Halaby, Amy Waldman, and Teju Cole identify the absent cause of 9/11 to be aggressive masculine dominance as sublimated through American capitalism. This dominance is depicted in the figuration of domestic gender relations in a way that mirrors and critiques American geopolitical relations abroad. Thus, when Richard Gray claims that post-9/11 American novelists "vacillate [...] between large rhetorical gestures acknowledging trauma and retreat into domestic detail," and further argues that "the link between the two is tenuous, reducing a turning point in national and international history to little more than a stage in a sentimental education," he is in fact getting it backwards: rather than reducing 9/11 entirely to domestic trauma, this fiction situates itself within the domestic space from where it can dramatize the outward influence that interpersonal gender relations have on oppressive American foreign policies abroad, and vice versa (134). Therefore, in a synthesis of a key debate framed by Richard Gray and Michael Rothberg, I argue that this fiction is inherently dialectical: its "centripetal" orientation, rather than being simply reductive and "sentimental," establishes the domestic analogue for a greater "centrifugal" critique of hegemonic American ideology as it manifests itself abroad – underscoring that an understanding of domestic gender relations is essential to any analysis of American culture and fiction after 9/11.


Urine concentrations of oxalate and calcium play an important role in calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolith formation in dogs and cats, with high excretions of both substances increasing the chance of CaOx urolithiasis. In 17 CaOx-forming dogs, urine calcium:creatinine ratio (Ca:Cr) was found to be increased compared with healthy control dogs, whereas urine oxalate:creatinine ratio (Ox:Cr) did not differ (Stevenson and others 2004). In six CaOx-forming miniature schnauzers, urinary calcium excretion (in mg/kg/24 hours) was increased compared with healthy controls, while urinary oxalate excretion was not affected (Lulich and others 1991). However, in these studies, the urine samples were not always collected at the time CaOx uroliths were actually present in the urinary tract. Moreover, in these studies, individual urinary oxalate and calcium excretions were mostly not provided.

The objective of this study was to determine the urinary oxalate and calcium excretion rates, and the urinary calcium to oxalate ratio (Ca:oxalate), at the time CaOx uroliths were present in the urinary tract of dogs and cats.

Data for this observational study were collected through urine sampling and questionnaires from May 2010 to January 2012.

Participation in this study was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from dog and cat owners who consulted the University Clinic for Companion Animals of the Utrecht University because of urolithiasis. Dogs and …


A 5-year-old girl presents to the emergency department (ED) because of vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever for the past 36 hours. The pain is periumbilical and cramping in nature, and its location has not changed since onset. The child does not have diarrhea, rash, dysuria, sore throat, or upper respiratory tract symptoms. Her temperature is 38.7°C (101.7°F), and abdominal examination reveals diffuse tenderness to deep palpation with notable rebound tenderness. There is guarding, and the pain does not decrease when the patient is distracted. The findings of the examination are otherwise normal. Plain abdominal radiographs show no abnormalities. The white blood cell (WBC) count is 16.9 10/L (16,900/μL) with 0.88 (88%) neutrophils. The patient is unable to provide a urine specimen. You are concerned that this child might have acute appendicitis and question the value of the history, examination, and preliminary investigations in confirming this diagnosis.


The Covid-19 pandemic not only hit the health sector but also rocked a country's economy. Nevertheless, the government has continued to set a series of policies to shore up the economy, including making more fiscal spending, providing tax relief, cutting borrowing rates and bank reserve requirements to revive an economy ravaged by the outbreak and to support jobs. This article aims to discuss the government's monetary policy in the face of economic shocks during the Covid-19 pandemic. Especially specific in Bank Indonesia's decision to keep interest rates on hold, which was announced at the BI Board of Governors Meeting, held on August 18-19, 2020. After analysis and discussion, it was found that this decision was made to maintain external stability amid low inflation and consider the global economy which showed signs of improvement after experiencing severe pressures in the second quarter 2020.


This paper represents a novel algorithm of non-linear analysis of vibrations of rotor systems with fluid-film bearings (particularly with hydrostatodynamic bearings with feed chambers). This algorithm is based on Recurrence Plots methodology and is intended for identification of chaotic vibrations [1]. The main idea of this approach consists in the one-to-one mapping of m-dimensional phase state trajectory X(t) onto the two-dimensional square binary matrix with a size of NxN. In this binary matrix "1" (black point) corresponds to the repetition of the phase state (observed in any point of time i) in any other point of time j. Both coordinate axes are time axis. This presentation of non-linear dynamic process was named as Recurrence Plots. In addition to the qualitative (visual) analysis this approach allows to get some quantitative characteristics of different trajectories of rotor's motion in fluid-film bearings [2]. To get these characteristics we use some quantitative indicators and functions like a recurrence rate, a divergence, an entropy and a trend. These indicators allow analyzing quantitative criterions of a kind of non-linear motion. This approach has some advantages in comparison with the traditional methods in the analysis non-linear and, especially, chaotic vibrations. In particular this approach can increase efficiency of non-analysis of non-stationary and noisy vibration signals. This paper represents a model of non-symmetrical rotor which is installed on the two hydrostatodynamic bearings with feed chambers. These bearings are lubricated by the liquid hydrogen. Pressure field in clearance between the rotor and the bearing is defined on the base of numerical finite element solution of Reynolds' equation. Rotordynamics' equations were solved by means Adams' numerical scheme with adaptive steps [3]. So the phase portraits of rotor's non-linear motions were gotten and then these chaotic vibrations were analyzed on the base of developed of Recurrence Plots methodology. This approach allowed fulfilling bifurcation analysis and detecting fields of chaotic vibrations in the rotor system's parameter space.


The purpose of the Energy Management System (EMS) is to ensure a high degree of efficiency, stability, and dependability. And the electrical system should have the ability to adjust to the majority of changes such as renewable energy integration. In some situations, the power generated by distributed power sources is greater than the local demand. This has an effect on the microgrid's stability and frequency. Smart energy management in a microgrid is proposed in this research., consisting of a wind power generator, photovoltaic and storage energy system for frequency regulation, and system balance. The above paper's main contribution is a system for managing energy. based on a clever strategy using MATLAB/Simulink. The results of the simulation and analyses demonstrate that the suggested microgrid energy management system is efficient at balancing energy.


Immunologic manipulation will see a resurgence in the next decade and will be more specific than in the 1970's. Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells, biologic response modifiers such as interferon and the interleukens, and radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies are examples of these techniques. Other therapeutic modalities which show promising results in certain tumor systems in the adult population are hyperthermia, both direct and extracorporeal, and photodynamic therapy. The latter is


Aim: Diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is based on cytomorphological, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic findings. The main role of immunophenotyping is lineage assignement and detection of aberrant phenotypes. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and the prognostic value of aberrant phenotypes in AML. Methods: Data on diagnosis and treatment of 123 patients with newly diagnosed AML, treated in the University Hospital Center Zagreb in the period from 2000-2007, was retrospectively analyzed. Results: The incidence of aberrant phenotypes was 74.8 %. The most frequent aberrant phenotype was asynchronous expression which was found in 70 % of patients, followed by co-expression of lymphoid markers in 35 % of patients and loss of lineage-specific markers in 24 % of patients. The aberrant phenotype CD33-CD13+ correlates with lower complete remission rate, while the aberrant phenotype CD117+C34+CD15+/CD14+/CD11b+ correlates with shorter overall and disease-free survival. Discussion and conclusion: In addition to its diagnostic role, immunophenotyping of AML offers information about patient prognosis through the detection of aberrant phenotypes.


We carry out simulations using a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model to describe the response relation between $v_2$ and $\varepsilon_2$ in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV, respectively. To simulate such relation, two methods have been introduced in the calculation: one is the directed response (DR) method, which correlates the outgoing particles with the initial anisotropy directly, and the other one is the cumulants response (CR) method, which is constructed from a cumulants correlation between outgoing particles. Based on calculations of the DR and CR methods, the response relations as a function of the transverse momentum are both shown in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions. By comparing the DR and CR methods, we found that the linear response relations are almost identical in all the present collisions. Similar results of linear+cubic response relations are also shown in the higher multiplicity systems, and it has become a significant difference in the lower multiplicity systems, i.e., the peripheral Pb-Pb collisions and p-Pb collisions. Throughout the whole $p_{T}$-dependent simulations, the $\kappa_2$ in the linear response and in the linear+cubic response are almost identical, except for in the lower multiplicity systems by the DR method. If one implements a pseudorapidity gap by the CR calculation, the $p_{T}$-dependent and $\eta$-independent response relations are similarly shown in peripheral Pb-Pb systems and p-Pb systems, which may imply that a collective response exists in the most central p-Pb collisions. These collective behaviors are dominantly produced on the stage of the medium expansions.


Abstract Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed with the purpose of delivering small-molecule cytotoxic drug to antigen-expressing tumor cells by harnessing the specificity, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of antibodies. ADCs are comprised of three components: the antibody, the linker, and the cytotoxic agent. To achieve the desired goal of targeted therapy with anticipated efficacy and safety profiles, each ADC component must be carefully selected and optimized. In this chapter, we introduce the main concepts and technologies associated with clinical development of ADCs. Considerations regarding ADC production such as drug–antibody conjugation, linker technologies, and cytotoxic agents are discussed. In addition, we describe analytical methods to characterize ADC products for assessment of drug content and purity. Finally, mechanistic aspects ADCs in vivo and the underlying key factors effecting on- and off-target toxicities are introduced.


As a continuation of a previous paper [Phys. Rev. A 50, 2989 (1994)], this article develops and describes in detail the new nonperturbative approach to the third‐order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(3)g(ω) in third‐harmonic generation (THG), electric‐field‐induced second‐harmonic generation (EFISH), degenerate four‐wave mixing (DFWM), electric‐field‐induced optical rectification (EFIOR), and electric‐field‐induced Kerr effect (EFIKE) for N‐state quantum systems interacting with intense electric fields. The present method utilizes the Fourier transformation of numerically exact solutions of the Liouville equation, so that it can provide both real and imaginary nonlinear optical spectra valid for arbitrary laser intensities, frequencies, and relaxation. As an application of the method, we investigate the characteristics of nonlinear optical spectra in THG, EFISH, and DFWM for a three‐state model that mimics the electronic excited states of t‐octatetraene obtained from a full configuration interaction ...


Objective To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus infection in the motheres and jaudice in the newborns.Methods There 385 newborn infants with neonatal jaundice were divided into hepatitis and non-hepatitis groups bases on results whether the mothers were positive for hepatitis B antigen or not.Then the incidence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency(G6PD) and heamolytic anemia of the newborn,or the total bilirubin level of different type of neonatal jaundice were compared.Results(1) There significant differences were observed in the incidence of neonatal hemolytical anemia and G6PD between hepatitis B group and non-hepatitis B group(χ2=385.00,P0.01).The positive rate of G6PD in hepatitis B group was 34.6% and that of non-hepatitis B group was 22.5%.The incidence of G6PD in the newborn infants with neonatal jaundice whose mother were positive for hepatitis B antigen were higher than that of those whose mother were negative for hepatitis B antigen.The levels of total bilirubin in the newborns with G6PD whose mother were positive for hepatitis B antigen were higher than that of those whose mothers were negative for hepatitis B antigen.The levels of total bilirubin in the hemolytic disease newborns whose mother were positive for hepatitis B antigen were similar to that of those whose mothers were negative for hepatitis B antigen.Conclusion The incidence of G6PD mother was high in the jaundice newborns whose mothers were positive for hepatitis B antigen and it is associated with G6PD in the newborn infants with neonatal jaundice.


The gastrointestinal tract contains a single layer of epithelium some 400m in area which separates the gut lumen from the blood vessels and tissue of the lamina propria. This huge surface area represents a weak link in host defences. Many microbial pathogens and helminthic parasites use the gut as a site of invasion into the body and many more can colonize the surface of the epithelium itself. It is important that the gut immune system can recognize and respond to lumenal antigens, since an inability to do so would allow a niche in which a pathogen could survive, unperturbed by host defences. The vast majority (99.9%) of the surface area of the gut is relatively impermeable to lumenal macromolecules, being lined with mucus and with tight junctions between epithelial cells to limit paracellular macromolecular uptake. In contrast, the epithelium overlying lymphoid follicles is deficient in mucus-producing cells and contains specialized M-cells which appear to be promiscuous in their uptake of gut antigens. It has been shown that they will transport viruses, bacteria, macromolecules and latex particles from the gut lumen into the paracellular spaces from where they can pass into the dome of the follicle. The process of antigen uptake from the lumen, and immune recognition in the organized lymphoid tissue of the gut, is a continuous activity in healthy individuals. Normal Peyer's patches and the appendix contains large reactive follicles and germinal centres and the T-cells in the inter-follicular zones also show phenotypic features of activated cells. These reactive follicles arise soon after birth and are, presumably, a response to the antigens of the bacterial flora. The large population of IgA plasma cells in the lamina propria and the T-cells of the lamina propria and epithelium of healthy individuals are also indicative of chronic immune stimulation by lumenal antigens. Accessory cells and antigen-presentation


I thank Dr. V. Melezhik and Dr. B. Sturt for their comments on my paper published in the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (Smolkin 1997). I am ready to continue constructive discussion on the questions of the genesis of Paleoproterozoic magmatic complexes of the Kola region (northwestern Russia) that host sulfide, chromite, and titanomagnetite ore deposits, and on the problems of reconstructing Precambrian geodynamic processes. Dr. E. Sharkov and I have been working on these questions since 1984, based mainly on the results of petrological studies of magmatic sequences of basic–ultrabasic rocks of the Kola region and the adjacent areas of Karelia and Finland (Sharkov 1984; Smolkin 1985, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1997; Sharkov and Smolkin 1988, 1989, 1990, 1997). Over these years we have proposed geodynamic models, which were refined as new data on the geochemistry and isotope composition of the magmatic rocks, as well as the deep structure of the region, were obtained. Dr. Sharkov and I share a common point of view on the earliest stages of evolution of the largest Paleoproterozoic belts of the Kola region: the Pechenga–Varzuga and Lapland Granulite; however, our interpretations of the final (orogenic) stage of the history of development of these zones are different. In Dr. Sharkov's opinion (Priyatkina and Sharkov 1979; Sharkov and Smolkin 1990, 1997), the final stage resulted in the formation of the Lapland deep fault as a collision suture zone between the Belomorian and Kola crustal megablocks and as an island arc, the root of which is now preserved as the Lapland granulite belt. In this scenario, the Pechenga– Varzuga belt located to the north could be a back-arc basin area. In my opinion, the Pechenga–Varzuga belt was a continental-rifting system that had not gone through an oceanization stage, and during the final stage the system was transformed into an orogenic zone (Smolkin 1991, 1992, 1993, 1997; Mitrofanov et al. 1995). My original data on formational analysis, the petrology of intrusive and volcanic basic–ultrabasic rock complexes of Archean and Proterozoic ages, and the chemical, mineralogical, and isotope composition of the rocks are presented and discussed in detail in my doctoral thesis (Smolkin 1991). Working on the model, I benefited from participation in major projects aimed at formational analysis of magmatic complexes of the Kola region (Bel'kov 1985), isotope dating of ore formations (Pushkaryov et al. 1988), reconstruction of endogenic regimes prevailing in the Precambrian (Batieva and Vinogradov 1991), the study of magmatism and metallogeny in paleorift systems of Karelia and the Kola Peninsula (Smolkin et al. 1993), and in Russian–Finnish research programs ("Types and epochs of development of greenstone belts and their metallogeny" and "Basic– ultrabasic magmatism") (Alapieti et al. 1990; Smolkin 1992). In addition, from 1965 to 1970 the author was engaged in compilation of geological 1 : 50 000 maps in southern and northern parts of the Baikal province. To construct the model, I used a data base of isotope (U– Pb, Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr) analyses for the Kola Peninsula and Karelia (more than 350 analyses in total), some of which are presented in the Appendix to Smolkin (1997). An analysis of geophysical (vibroseismic) data on the deep structure of the Pechenga region was performed recently (Pozhilenko et al. 1997). The results of my work on classification and formational analysis of intrusive basic–ultrabasic complexes were employed when the recent geological 1 : 500 000 maps of the Kola Peninsula and Karelia–Kola region were compiled (Radchenko et al. 1994; St. Petersburg State Company ("Mineral") 1996; Mitrofanov 1996). Dr. Melezhik and Dr. Sturt (Geological Survey of Norway), who published their first paper dedicated to the interpretation of the geodynamic settings of the Pechenga– Varzuga belt in 1994, have offered comments on my publications, specifically the Smolkin (1997) paper. In this Reply, I will try to explain my position with regard to the Precambrian geodynamic history of the region. Before starting the discussion, it must be noted that Dr. Melezhik examined the geochemical features and conditions of the formation of Proterozoic sedimentary rocks in the region, and compiled paleogeographic reconstruction and correlation of the stratigraphic sections of first the Imandra/Varzuga and then, since 1985, the Pechenga zones. The results of his studies were published in detail in Melezhik (1992).


A combination of insect repellent, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), with camouflage face paint in a newly designed stick formulation was evaluated on human volunteers under field conditions in Belize during February 2007. The formulation provided over 90% protection against mosquitoes for 8 hours and at least 80% protection for 12 hours, with 100% protection for 2 to 4 hours after application.


Pharmacopoeia is a regulatory compendium of monographs on quality standards to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of drugs and medicines of a particular system of medicine in a country. In this communication, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Volume IX is reviewed for its contents, monographs and utilitarian aspects in regulations of Drugs & Cosmetics Act 1940 for Ayurvedic system of medicines. Keywords: Pharmacopoeia, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Drugs & Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules there under Cite this Article Nitin Rai. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (A.P.I.), Part I, Volume IX: A Review. Research and Reviews: Journal of Herbal Science . 2018; 7(2): 4–9p


By means of the variational iteration method,a kind of nonlinear partial differential equations is solved.As a result,the approximate solutions have been obtained.It showed that the convergence rate of the method is quick.


With the methods of literature review and expert interview as the main research method,the authors study the public sports service guarantee system establishment under the implementation target of the National Fitness Program.It reckons that the sharp contradiction between people's increasingly diversified sports demand and sports resources,between inadequate law guarantee and demand of sports service in the nation,between the equal sports rights and the access to the rights and the low resource efficiency of public sports service and low satisfaction degree of the public to public sports service are the major issues restricting public sports service guarantee system.Therefore,on the basis of establishing the framework of supply,access and supervision of public sports service system,the paper proposes to establish diversified public sports service supply system and complete public sports service guarantee system,optimize the system environment for the system and establish the government support system and performance evaluation system for national fitness program.The study provides references for the formulation of public sports service policy by relative department.


This paper presents a novel approach for creating curvilinear, texture mapped, 3D scene models from a single painting or photograph with no prior internal knowledge about the shape. The new technique takes input as a sparse set of user-specified constraints, and generates a well-behaved 3D surface satisfying the parameters. As each constraint is specified, the system recalculates and displays the reconstruction in real time. In contrast to previous work in single view reconstruction, our technique enables high quality reconstructions of curved surfaces. A key feature of the approach is a novel hierarchical transformation technique for accelerating convergence on a non-uniform, piecewise continuous grid. The technique is interactive and updates the model in real time as constraints are added, allowing fast reconstruction of photorealistic scene models. The approach is shown to yield high quality results.


Objective To study changes in baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate and blood pressure variability in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Methods Nineteen women with preeclampsia and 31 normal pregnant women of similar gestational age were studied. Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were measured using power spectral analysis noninvasively. Results The changes of HRV in each frequency were not significant in women with preeclampsia compared with normal pregnant women (P0.05). Low frequency component of BPV were significantly increased in women with preeclampsia compared with normal pregnant women (P0.05). BRS was lower in preeclampsia than in normal pregnancy (P0.05). ConclusionThe sympathetic control of blood pressure appears to be increased in women with preeclampsia. It may be one of the pathogeneses of preeclampsia.


Summary.  The evaluation of handwritten characters that are selected from an anonymous letter and written material from a suspect is an open problem in forensic science. The individualization of handwriting is largely dependent on examiners who evaluate the characteristics in a qualitative and subjective way. Precise individual characterization of the shape of handwritten characters is possible through Fourier analysis: each handwritten character can be described through a set of variables such as the surface and harmonics as demonstrated by Marquis and co‐workers in 2005. The assessment of the value of the evidence is performed through the derivation of a likelihood ratio for multivariate data. The methodology allows the forensic scientist to take into account the correlation between variables, and the non‐constant variability within sources (i.e. individuals). Numerical procedures are implemented to handle the complexity and to compute the marginal likelihood under competing propositions.


We distinguish the impact of information technology adoption on information processing costs and agency costs by conducting a randomized control trial with a bank that adopts a new credit-scoring tool. The availability of scores significantly increases credit committees' effort and output on difficult-to-evaluate loan applications. Output increases almost as much in a treatment where the committee receives no new information, but anticipates the score becoming available after it evaluates a application, which suggests that scores reduce incentive problems inside the credit committee. We also show that scores improve efficiency by decentralizing decision-making and equalizing marginal returns across loans. ∗We are grateful to Heski Bar-Isaac, Greg Fischer, Luis Garicano, Ulrike Malmendier, Andrea Prat, Anjan Thakor, John Van Reenen and the Arizona State University, Boston University, Columbia University, Darmouth College Tuck School of Business, HEC School of Management, Imperial College Business School, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Helsinki Center of Economic Research, Nova School of Business and Economics, Queen Mary School of Economics and Finance, Swiss Finance Institute USI, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Lausanne, University of London Royal Holloway College, University of Namur, University of Oxford SAID Business School, University of Toulouse, and Washington University seminar participants; and the CEPR Workshop on Incentives, Management and Organization, CEPR/AMID Development Economics Symposium, the NBER Corporate Finance Workshop, the NBER Productivity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Workshop, and the NBER Organizational Economics Workshop participants for helpful comments and discussions. We wish to thank BancaMia for their support, and Ximena Cadenas, Isabela Echeverry, Lucia Sanchez, and Santiago Reyes for excellent research assistance. We thank IPA for the funding that made this study possible. Please send correspondence to Daniel Paravisini (firstname.lastname@example.com) and Antoinette Schoar (email@example.com).


We present a chronology for planktic foraminiferal evolution in the North Pacific based on magnetic reversal and calcareous nannofossil age datums in the upper Neogene section of Shatsky Rise (Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1207, 1208, and 1209). Astrochronologically-tuned magnetostratigraphies for each of the three expanded upper Neogene sections extend into the Miocene. Correlation among ODP Sites 1207, 1208 and 1209 allow a biostratigraphy that spans approximately 5° latitude from subtropical to temperate waters, transecting the ecotone created by the Kuroshio Current Extension. Foraminifer species associated with both temperate/transitional and subtropical environments occur consistently throughout the upper Neogene section at ODP Sites 1208 and 1209 (central high and southern high, respectively), allowing for the integration of low-and mid-latitude stratigraphies. Foraminiferal assemblages at ODP Site 1207 (northern high) are dominated by temperate species. The resulting revised datum ages for southern mid-latitude Pacific zonations (Jenkins, 1971. Paleontological Buletin 42. New Zealand Geological Survey; Kennett, 1973. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 21:575-639; Kennett & Srinivasan, 1983. Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera, Stroudsberg, Pennsylvania, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company; Jenkins, 1993. Antarctic Research Series, 60: 125-144) and northern mid-latitude Pacific biostratigraphies (e.g., Maiya et al., 1976. Progress in Micropaleontology: 395-422, American Museum of Natural History; Natori, 1976. Progress in Micropaleontology: 214-243, American Museum of Natural History; Ikebe et al., 1977. Proceedings of the First International Congress on Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Tokyo, 1976: 92-114; Thompson, 1980. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drillng Project, 56-57 (2): 775-807; Keller 1982. Marine Micropaleontology, 7: 327-357) allow accurate correlation to the geologic time scale for mid-latitude marine sections in which carbonate is preserved. The new zonation is especially useful for age control in the North Pacific region. Anuar io do Inst i tu to de Geociencias UFRJ ISSN 0101-9759 Vol. 29 1 / 2006 p. 673


KC-135 boom operators are responsible for flying the refueling boom trailing from their aircraft into the refueling receptacle of receiving aircraft. The task requires them to maneuver a refueling knuckle on the end of a 30-ft assembly into the receptacle of the receiver under widely varying lighting and weather conditions. The potential for damage to the receiver is high. Small scratches and dents at best compromise corrosion resistance; larger collisions can reduce stealth characteristics and mission effectiveness of coated aircraft, or even cause fires in receiver cockpits when the refueling tube punctures cockpit glass. This paper describes a technology demonstrator built around commercial off the shelf (COTS) PC-based image generators and an innovative autostereoscopic image display system to evaluate the effectiveness of depth perception cues to support future boom operator training systems. Using infrared face imaging for eye tracking, two liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) light-valve based projectors, an arrangement of beam splitters and mirrors mounted to a motion platform, the system steers collimated and focused stereo images at full HDTV resolution directly into each of the moving viewer's eyes. The associated image generator adjusts rendering viewpoints in both channels simultaneously, providing an intensely immersive experience with no perception of a screen or projection surface. Brightness and contrast levels are unprecedented; yet, the system's eye strain and energy exposure are substantially lower than what the viewer would receive from a large CRT or flat-screen.


Energy consumption in ICT as well as quality of service (QoS) are important considerations in the choice of computational resources. In Cloud Computing, users who work within an organisation will increasingly have access to their own cloud service (the "local cloud") and will also be able to access external cloud services. Choices between these options will be made based on security, cost, data and software protec- tion and resilience, but also in terms of technical choices regarding QoS and energy consumption. This paper addresses only the technical choice between a local or remote cloud service, and discusses how this choice can be formulated as an optimisation problem. After providing some experimental measurements regarding energy and performance of servers, we formulate the optimisation problem, describe its solution and present some numerical examples.


The invention relates to a EuWo4 (OH) nanoribbon and a preparation method of a composite material thereof and belongs to the technical field of nanometer material preparation. Through the hydrothermal method, taking ammonium tungstate, thiourea, europium nitrate and water as raw materials, under specific reaction conditions, hydroxyl tungsten oxide europium nanoribbons are compounded by a one-step method; then under photochemical reaction conditions, the nanoribbons and chloroauric acid are compounded into the EuWo4 (OH)/Au composite material; and hydrogen peroxide is detected over the composite material through the fluorescence method. According to the composite material, operation is easy during preparation, the production period is short, production cost is low, the production rate is high, by-products are not generated, and commercialization large-scale preparation is facilitated.


The fractional Hankel transform which is a generalization of the Hankel transform has many applications. In this paper we have derived inversion theorem for the generalized Fractional Hankel transform so that the transform can be used in solving partial differential equations or boundary value problems.


Sustainable development, including the consumption of sustainable food, is an issue that is receiving increasing attention in research and policy construction. Thus, complex policies are being created to address these issues, targeting economic, social, and environmental factors. This study aims to provide a macroeconomic overview of the factors that have the potential to influence fruit consumption at a national level, so that proposals can be offered in order to pursue a more sustainable fruit consumption in Romania. In order to carry out the research, two approaches were used: a bibliometric technique, through which the Scopus and Web of Science publications on the supply and consumption of fruits were analyzed, and an econometric approach, through which some of the macroeconomic factors influencing fruit consumption in Romania were identified and assessed. The study highlights the high interest of worldwide researchers in the field and an upward trend in Romanian fruit consumption.


This research aims to produce interactive multimedia using Lectora inspire in learning economic using the 4D development model. This work employed a qualitative descriptive method. Interactive multimedia was produced through three stages: definition, design, and development. This research was limited to the development stage. Definition stage comprised the preliminary analysis, curriculum analysis, material analysis, characteristic analysis, and formulation. Meanwhile, the design stage included pre-production from flowchart and storyboard making, media production to final activities: mixing, editing, and finalization. The development stage encompassed the following: (1) Expert appraisal, which was expert validation and revision with a result of very appropriate based on validation of media expert, material expert and language expert, and (2) Developmental testing, consisting of a small-scale tryout with a score of 81.98% (very appropriate). Our proposed system was very appropriate, according to the result of validation by an expert in a small-scale try-out; thus it can be used in economic learning at SMA Darma Yudha.


Military Prosecuting Attorney is one of the main components in enforcing the criminal law in the military judicature system. Moreover, the Military Prosecuting Attorneys is as a prosecutor in the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI). Confidently, it has major function in demanding based on legitimating evidences in military court. Military Prosecuting Attorney can work its duty well, if it has independently in the function as general presector of Indonesian military court system. Afterwards, the first problem is wheter Military Prosecuting Attorney independently achieve its function in Oditurat Militer III-14 Denpasar by conducted the plan demans policy as of Military Prosecuting Attorney General Indonesian National Armed Forces? Whereas, the second problem is whether the efforts shoud be accomplished in establishing independent Military Prosecuting Attorney? This research was conducted by empirical legal research methods, and the study was a descriptive analytic research by using primary data and secondary data. Based on this research, it can be concluded that; first, Military Prosecuting Attorneys in Oditurat Militer III-14 Denpasar became less independent, it was occured because the implementation of the plan demand policy by Military Prosecuting General Attorney. It can be stated that the demand was only established by upper position and finally, the judgments are not merely according conscience. Secondly, Military Prosecuting Attorney attempt to independently in military justce system in three aspects such as technical field of prosecution, field supervision and control, as well as education and training.


—Process mining discovers and analyzes a process model from historical event logs. The prior art methods use the attributes of case-id, activity, and timestamp hidden in an event log as clues to discover a process model. However, a user needs to manually specify them, and this can be an exhaustive task. In this paper, we propose a two-stage key attribute identification method to avoid such a manual investigation, and thus this is toward fully automated process discovery. One of the challenging tasks is how to avoid exhaustive computation due to combinatorial explosion. For this, we narrow down candidates for each key attribute by using supervised machine learning in the first stage and identify the best combination of the in the second stage. Our computational complexity can be reduced from O ( N 3 ) to O ( k 3 ) where N and k are the numbers of columns and candidates we keep in the first stage, and usually k is much smaller than N . We evaluated our method with 14 open datasets and showed that our method could identify the key attributes even with k = 2 for about 20 seconds for many datasets.


and Biomedical Aspects," which was held in Austin, Texas, on November 16-1 8, 1988, brought together leading investigators-biochemists, molecular biologists, and clinicians-with diversified interests in this field. The conference and this volume are dedicated to Dr. Lester J. Reed, who spawned this field more than three decades ago and still remains at the forefront of research in the area. The mitochondrial a-keto acid dehydrogenase multienzyme systems are among the most complex enzymes known. They play central roles in cellular metabolism and are major sites of regulation; they are also clinically important. Major new insights into the organization, active-site coupling between components, and intricate metabolite regulation have resulted from recent studies. Inborn errors associated with specific defects in several of the components have been documented, and altered function occurs in association with certain disease states. The complexes have been extensively investigated at levels ranging from the molecular to the whole animal. Several genes encoding components of these complexes, from bacterial and human sources, have been cloned and sequenced, and protein engineering on them has begun. At the other end of the spectrum, the mechanisms by which various hormones regulate the different mitochondrial complexes are just beginning to be elucidated. Many important questions, some of which will undoubtedly require interdisciplinary research efforts, remain to be answered. Despite the fact that investigations on the a-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes constitute a very active, multifaceted field generating nearly 100 publications per year, prior to this conference there had never been a meeting devoted exclusively to these enzyme systems. Furthermore, enzymologists investigating the bacterial complex had not formally met with investigators studying the enzymes from animal and plant sources. Because of the importance of comparative knowledge at the enzyme and gene levels, such a meeting was critically important. Beyond that, investigators in the area of metabolic regulation (those working with mitochondria, cells, perfused organs, etc.) and clinical investigators had never attended a joint meeting with enzymologists. For these reasons, we felt that it was timely to bring together investigators with different expertise but with a common interest of presenting and discussing recent advances in the structure, function, regulation, and clinical ramifications of these complexes. This highly successful conference was attended by over 100 investigators from all over the world. For them, we believe the conference enhanced the exchange of ideas along with communicating the latest developments; we hope it also stimulated new interactions among participants. The resulting scientific papers, compiled in this volume, demonstrate the dramatic progress that has occurred in recent years and should serve as a unique source for investigators a t all levels who want specific information or an overview of current knowledge concerning these enzymes. We would like to thank the participants for presenting stimulating talks, for fruitful discussions, and for prompt submission of manuscripts. We thank Dr. Lester J . Reed for his invaluable suggestions during the early stages of development of this conference. We are grateful to the New York Academy of Sciences and the Clayton Foundation for Research, Houston, for cosponsoring this conference and to the Clayton Foundation for Research and the National Science Foundation for providing the financial support. We would also like to thank a t the Academy Ellen Marks and Carla Manzi for conference management; Bill Boland and Sheila Kane for their help in


Objective To see the changes of cardio-metabolic risk factors overtime in polycystic ovary syndrome vs. control women. Methods This study was conducted on 637 participants (85 PCOS and 552 control reproductive aged, 18–45 years) of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), an ongoing population-based cohort study with 12 years of follow-up. The cardiovascular risk factors of these groups were assessed in three-year intervals using standard questionnaires, history taking, anthropometric measures, and metabolic/endocrine evaluation. Generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the data. Results Overall mean of insulin (3.55, CI: 0.66–6.45), HOMA-IR (0.63, CI: 0.08–1.18), and HOMA-β (45.90, CI: 0.86–90.93) were significantly higher in PCOS than in healthy women after adjustment for age, BMI, and baseline levels. However, the negative interaction (follow-up years × PCOS status) of PCOS and normal women converged overtime. Comparing third follow-up with first, insulin and HOMA-IR decreased 10.6% and 5%, respectively in PCOS women; and increased 6.7% and 14.6%, respectively in controls (P<0.05). The results did not show any significant result for other cardio-metabolic variables including WC, lipid profile, FPG, 2-h PG, SBP, and DBP. Conclusion While the insulin level and insulin resistance rate were higher in reproductive aged PCOS than in healthy women, the difference of these risk factors decreased overtime. Thus, the metabolic consequences of PCOS women in later life may be lower than those initially anticipated.


This article is an effort to review course and impact of Alcohol related dementia following chronic alcoholism. It is well established that excessive and prolonged alcohol use can lead to permanent damage to the structure and function of the brain. There is not much literature on the characteristics of a dementia syndrome related to sustained alcohol abuse. Alcoholism causes a multitude of social and health problems with negative impact on quality of life and secondary costs to society. Cognitive impairments observed in alcohol-dependent patients not presenting any other neurological complications are increasingly becoming the focus of attention amongst medical fraternity. Alcohol Related Dementia has little recognition as a discrete clinical entity and this is due to lack of a distinct pathophysiological profile. However, autopsy evaluations suggest that up to 78% of individuals with diagnosed alcoholism demonstrate some degree of brain pathology leading to minimal cognitive impairment. Assessment tool like Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Test appears to be the most appropriate screening test for detection of cognitive impairments in these patients. It is mostly irreversible condition but a period of several months of abstinence allows some improvement of cognitive functions with targeted Occupational Therapy intervention. This results in improving Quality of life of patients with diagnosis of Alcohol dependence.


Fernand Braudel has been, as has happened to many important authors, the victim of his readers. Whe we think of him, our first step is usually to identify him with The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (Braudel, 1949/1966). We rewrite more or less unconsciously his life as if he had written only one (main) booka book that he presented in 1947 as his doctoral thesis at the âge of 45, published two years later, and of which he feit the necessity to write a second version, completed in 1966. Even if he decided after this date to resist the temptation of writing a third version, a period 43 years long, going from his arrivai in Algiers in 1923 to the publication of the revised version in 1966, may seem quite enough for one man's life. This point of view is reinforced by the success story of the book, and by its impact on the life of Braudel himself . On the one hand a two-fold story: abroad, the translations, from the first ones in Italian and Spanish (1952-54) to the English one (1972-73) that opened to him the American academie market, and to the German one (1990), that was published after the translation of the trilogy on capitalism (1985); in France, the TV series of 1976 (twelve films of 50 minutes each) that transformed a scholarly book into a best-seller, read by a large public, and was followed by another book, a collective one under the direction of Braudel, La Mediterranee. 1, L'Espace et l'histoire. 2, Les Hommes et l'heritage (1977-78). On the other hand, the Professional career of Braudel was shaped and determined by the national and international prestige and authority that the success of his book gave him. It legitimized the increasingly dominant academie position that he had for more than twenty years and that lasted even after his officiai retirement in 1972. He had scholarly prestige. From 1957, after the death of Lucien Febvre, to 1968, when he entrusted his editorial responsibility to a


The structures of barbituric acid derivatives are optimized with CPHF method at 6-31G basis set.Based on the optimized structures, the first hyperpolarizability β, molecular frontier orbits and the electronic spectrum, the charge distribution, the dipole moment are calculated separately by HF/6-31G and CIS/6-31G methods.The results indicate that there exists a linear relationship between the first hyperpolarizability β and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap ΔEHL. The linear relationship may be explained by the linear relationship between ground state and the first excited state dipole moment difference Δμ and the energy gap of HOMO-LUMO ΔEHL and the linear relationship between Δμ and the first hyperpolarizability β .


The commutation relations for the canonical coordinates of a mechanical system are here derived from a suitably defined form of translational invariance. Let us assume that we are dealing with a physical system which can be adequately described in terms of a finite set of canonical coordinates, (xi, * * *, x'), whose expected values in every admissible state of the system are given by a positive linear functional on the moment algebra A (Xi, , * * Xn) generated by the xi over the complex field C [1i]. We may take for A the algebra T of all noncommutative polynomials with complex coefficients in the xi modulo the ideal J of relations on which all expectations vanish. Let us introduce, for each real a E C, the translation (or virtual displacement) rj(a) of the jth coordinate by the formula rj(a)xi=xj + a if i =j, = X otherwise. Each such translation assigns to every polynomial p in the xi a new polynomial rj(a)p obtained by replacing x; by xj+a throughout. Let us now assume that the ideal J defining our moment algebra A satisfies two natural requirements: (a) if p--0 mod J, then r (a)p_O mod J, for allj and all a. This says that J is stable under translations, and hence that A admits these translations as automorphisms. (b) If rj(a)p-p mod J for all a, then p-q mod J, where q is independent of xj. This says that any polynomial invariant, mod J, under rj(a) for all a can be expressed, mod J, as a polynomial in the xi for isj. Both of these requirements appear to be essential to any variational formulation of the laws of motion of the system. Let us call any moment algebra whose defining ideal of relations satisfies these two requirements acceptable. It is easy to verify that the moment algebras associated with the systems of both classical and Received by the editors May 23, 1969 and, in revised form, March 10, 1970. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 8122.


In recent years, the agricultural sector has been undergoing a new "green revolution" characterized by the increasing use of information and communication technology (ICT) and the transition from traditional farming methods to smart agricultural practices, also known as Agriculture 4.0. Robotics, combined with the use of drones, the emerging field of the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, and artificial intelligence, are now being deployed in digital transformation services in agriculture, aiming to optimize crop performance and agricultural sustainability. According to research and international literature, the new trends are now oriented towards the development of global and state-of-the-art connected agricultural systems through digital management platforms, with the goal of facilitating the flow of data and information. Although many efforts are being made to implement smart agriculture, there are still challenges that require further research.


Dear Editor, A 5-year-old schoolboy weighing 16 kg with severe haemophilia A had a history of trauma around his right hand (dominant hand) following a fall from the scooter while taking a ride with his father. The swelling appeared on the dorsum of the right hand over the second metacarpal encroaching the first web space. It measured 2.5 · 2 · 1 inches in size. The X-ray revealed a soft tissue swelling (Fig. 1) and fracture around the base of the second metacarpal bone. The swelling persisted rather increased despite factor replacement and plaster immobilization. He was tested negative for inhibitors against factor VIII (FVIII). After 4 weeks of conservative therapy there was no sign of resolution and the swelling became unsightly. But the replacement therapy was inadequate. The boy was unable to extend his index finger. The grip was weak and the use of the right hand became severely limited. Repeat X-ray after 3 weeks showed almost complete erosion of the second metacarpal bone (Fig. 2). Diagnosis of pseudotumour was made. When an index finger is amputated at the proximal level, the remaining stump is useless and it comes in the way of good functional pinch between the thumb and middle finger. Ray amputation is an established technique in hand surgery [1]. This child underwent ray amputation of index from the base of the second metacarpal under the cover of adequate FVIII replacement. Regression of the swelling was complete. The postoperative period was uneventful. The wound healed and there was no recurrence of the tumour. He was taken for intensive hand rehabilitation. Besides other skills we gave emphasis on acquiring the writing skill. His recovery was exemplary and with practice he learned to write 11 words per minute with his right hand holding the pen in between the thumb and middle finger (Fig. 3). We also measured his hand strength parameters more objectively with hand dynamometer and pinch gauge after the operation. Compared with the left hand he had some reduction in both pinch and grip strength. Grip and pinch strength in the right hand were 6 and 2 kg and on the left 8 and 3 kg, respectively.


Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy on operation of failed back surgery syndrome and the first lumbar, seek methods and skills to improve the clinical efficacy. Methods Analysis the random data of 30 patients cases beteen failed back surgery syndrome and the first lumbar in January 2008 to December 2012, compared two groups of patients with clinical efficacy, stical analysis of two groups of patients age, gender, operation time and type of operation. Results All patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years with the average of 1 year and 2 months, with the treatment group 10 cases of excellent,good in 15 cases, 4 cases,poor in 1 cases, the excellent and good rate was 83.3%, and the control group was excellent in 17cases,good in 10 cases, 3 cases, poor in 0 cases,the excellent and good rate was 90%. Conclusion Through accurate preoperative diagnosis, strictly surgical indications, develop reasonable operation programme, failed lumbar syndrome can be obtained with the first spinal surgery the same satisfactory results.


Most commercial products are sold with warranties. The prevailing uniform pricing strategy of the product's base warranty and extended warranty often lead to higher-than-expected warranty cost. Information on variations in product field reliability resulting from different customer characteristic such as heterogeneous operating environment and uncertain customer behaviors is not available upon sale and thus overlooked in base warranty cost estimation and pricing. The extended warranty should then be properly priced with the availability of information from failure claims and warranty cost generated during the base warranty period. In this work, we propose a data-driven method that explicitly captures a customer's random effect and his report probability of different failure types and prices the extended warranty according to different degrees of knowledge on customers and products. The proposed method is applied to a real case warranty dataset, and the results reveal that the method can well describe the failure process and the customer characteristics and helps to obtain the optimal price that achieves the maximum profit.


The increasing demand for safety in nuclear installations calls for continuous survey of airborne radioactive particles inside and around nuclear sites, while potential nuclear accidents demand world-wide monitoring of the atmosphere. In particular, it is important to know, whether instantaneously or over time, that beta and/or alpha activities remain below imposed limits. For judicious choice of a continuous air monitoring system, the influence of the detector on system performance should be understood.


The annual rates of ectopic pregnancy in Finland from 1967-1983 expressed per 100 deliveries per 100 pregnancies and per 100000 women aged 15-44 are tabulated and the 2.7 fold increase discussed. Data were collected by the National Board of Health from all patients attending any hospital in Finland; diagnoses were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases; demographic data originated from the Population Register Centre of Finland. There were 16017 ectopic pregnancies in all. Rates were stable from 1967-1973. Ectopic pregnancies increased linearly from 1974 the increases showing up in older age groups as time went on. The rate in 1983 2.6 per 100 deliveries approaches the highest ever reported notably in Saigon Jamaica and Taiwan. Of the known risk factors for ectopic pregnancy probably the rising numbers of women over 30 of IUD users possibly of pelvic infection may be causative factors. Most likely demographic factors account for the consecutive rise in incidence in each 5-year age group over time.


An electroless palladium plating solution includes a polar solvent, at least one palladium salt, at least one non-nitrogenated complexing agent, an alkaline adjusting agent that adjusts the plating solution to a pH of at least 8.0, and a reducing agent. The plating solution, which is used for forming a layer of palladium on a surface of a substrate, yields a substantially pure palladium deposit on the substrate. Precipitation of reduced palladium in the plating solution is substantially prevented.


The invention provides an entrance guard control method based on Internet. A terminal, a server and an entrance guard controller are adopted; the terminal and the entrance guard controller are configured by the server, so that the terminal and the entrance guard controller can directly realize data communication, and the terminal can still control the entrance guard controller through the server; compared with the prior art that the Internet entrance guard system cannot control an entrance guard unit under the condition that the communication terminal is not connected with a network, so that the flexibility is lower, and the instantaneity is lower, the entrance guard control method has the advantages that under the condition of a closer distance, the terminal can be connected to the entrance guard controller so as to directly control the entrance guard controller, furthermore, the instantaneity is higher, the flow of a user is saved, and the cost of the user is reduced; under the condition of a farther distance, the terminal can still control the entrance guard controller through the server, and the user can select different control modes according to different distances, so that the flexibility is higher, the use is facilitated, and the user experience is better.


Significance Natural killer cells (NK) defend against viruses. Decidual NK (dNK), which comprise ∼70% of decidual leukocytes during early pregnancy, are poorly cytotoxic but promote placentation. Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause fetal loss and birth defects. A strong dNK-mediated antiviral defense could provide a barrier to placental infections. Here, we show that ZIKV infection transforms immune-tolerated trophoblasts into dNK targets because ZIKV replicates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and causes ER stress, which triggers NK killing. Unlike in the case of other viral infections, dNK release their granules and kill ZIKV-infected trophoblasts. In a trophoblast-like cell line, human primary extravillous trophoblasts, 3D villous explants, and Ifnar1−/− pregnant mice, dNK reduce placental and fetal viral loads and protect against fetal loss. Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy infects fetal trophoblasts and causes placental damage and birth defects including microcephaly. Little is known about the anti-ZIKV cellular immune response at the maternal–fetal interface. Decidual natural killer cells (dNK), which directly contact fetal trophoblasts, are the dominant maternal immune cells in the first-trimester placenta, when ZIKV infection is most hazardous. Although dNK express all the cytolytic molecules needed to kill, they usually do not kill infected fetal cells but promote placentation. Here, we show that dNK degranulate and kill ZIKV-infected placental trophoblasts. ZIKV infection of trophoblasts causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which makes them dNK targets by down-regulating HLA-C/G, natural killer (NK) inhibitory receptor ligands that help maintain tolerance of the semiallogeneic fetus. ER stress also activates the NK activating receptor NKp46. ZIKV infection of Ifnar1−/− pregnant mice results in high viral titers and severe intrauterine growth restriction, which are exacerbated by depletion of NK or CD8 T cells, indicating that killer lymphocytes, on balance, protect the fetus from ZIKV by eliminating infected cells and reducing the spread of infection.