Translation played such an essential role in the rise of Christianity that it may be fairly said that without translation there would have been no full convergence of the Greek and Hebrew cultures and ultimately no Bible and Christianity itself.In the integration of the Hebrew and Greek cultures and the ultimate emergence of Christianity,translation occurred not only between different languages, but more importantly,between fundamentally different cultural values.The translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek means not only one language being translated into another,but also one culture transplanted into another,or in other words,Hebrew culture being integrated into Greek culture,which was a long process of Hellenism.The formation of the Biblical texts is essentially a Hebrewization of the Greek way of thinking.The result of the encounter of these two cultures is not only an incorporation of the cultural values of the source language into the culture of the target language,or an overall and profound integration into the culture of the target language,but also an overall and profound change on the part of the cultural values of the target language so as to be adapted to the cultural values of the heterogeneous source language,the result being a profoundly productive merge of the horizons of different cultures and a profoundly productive integration of different cultural values.In order for the emperors,soldiers,intellectuals and the general populace of the Roman Empire to recognize the legitimate status of Christianity in the empire,early Christian theologians tried by every means to find out from the inherent values of the Greeco-Roman cultures the sources or grounds of the Christian faiths,or in other words,to take advantage of certain notions of the Greeco-Roman philosophy for a deliberate wrong interpretation of the Hebrew monotheistic thinking in order for the latter to be fully accepted in a overwhelmingly Greeco-Roman cultural environment.The essay also explores the historical background of the rise of Christianity, the written translation from Hebrew texts into Greek in the emergence of Christian canons and the oral translation from oral Aramaic into Greek.It discusses the situations in which certain Hebrew and Aramaic words and sentences were transliterated into Greek and more importantly,the inevitable value conflicts and adaptation in the process of translation.


A phosphors of Sr_2MgSi_2O_7:Eu~2+ ,Dy~3+ was synthesized by sol-gel methods at the temperature lower 200 ℃ than the tradition solid state reaction from Si(OC_2H_5)_4,MgO,Sr(NO_3)_2,H_3BO_3,Eu_2O_3,Dy_2O_3.The transitions from sol to gel and from gel to luminescent crystal were studied.The results showed that the luminescent performance of the sample synthesized with sol-gel methods was better than the one synthesized by solid state reaction,the persistence time last above 12 hours.


Omnidirectional antennas are widely used for different Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications like channel sounding or Impulse Radio (IR) Communication [1], [2]. A good choice for such applications are 3 dimensional biconical antennas as they exhibit a perfect omnidirectional pattern in the H-plane [3], [4] and a symmetric radiation characteristic in the E-plane if identical cones are used [3].


Management development programs are often regarded as essential for the preparation of managers who are presumed to be responsible for the future success of their organizations. At other times, such programs have been criticized as being irrelevant to the actual practice of management. This paper explores the effectiveness of one management development program from the perspective of its graduates, who reported that the program positively impacted them as well as their organizations. In particular, they perceived that the program had an enormous impact on their career advancement and professional development. Many of the graduates did not believe that the program helped their organizations with management succession planning and achieving gender equity in management. However, the majority perceived that it did increase their organizations' capacity to remain relevant to their changing environment and to deal with future management challenges, including the management of change.


Objective: To investigate on knowledge demands for self-initiated medication at home among community elderly patients with coronary heart disease and explore an effective strategy that would back up continued education on medication. Methods: 120 elderly patients with coronary heart disease in 15 community health service centers were selected and a questionnaire investigation were performed. Education strategies were provided according to existing problems. Results:Post-discharge knowledge demands for self-initiated medication at home was most needed in 85.7% of elderly patients with coronary heart disease whose appreciation appeared frankly limited. 50.8% of the subjects, in whom attitude towards an effective, safe use of agents was yet to established, showed poor adherence to key behaviors for medication. The demands of professional explanation, education, telephone calls with community health workers and regular group communications was found in 96.7% of patients with coronary heart disease. Conclusion: In controlling coronary heart disease, community elderly patients need continual updates on knowledge to establish correct notions and good behaviors for medication.


I have made the presentation of the present legislative framework regarding the medical malpractice, starting from the first enactment of the Law regarding the reform within the healthcare in 2006 with further amendments and addenda (the latest amendment was adopted in 2010). It has herein appeared a continuous concern for the reconcilability of our legislation with the European legislation for the purpose of simplifying the working procedures. Although these laws have been in our country for almost 5 years, it can still be hold that there are some disparities between the law of malpractice and the stipulations of the Penal Code.


This research aims to describe the types of code mixing used on Debate of Political Party and to describe cause of Code Mixing by representative Debate of Political Party
This research is a qualitative research. The data are taken from recording, transcribing and classifying the data related with English code mixing in the Debate Party.
. The object of the study is English code mixing used by the representative from Demokrat and Golkar Party in Debate of Political Party on TV ONE. The object collected from one episode: 22/2/2009 at 07.00 pm.
The result of study shows that, the type of code mixing on debate political party there are found Situational Code Mixing and Metaphorical Code Mixhing. In Situational Code Mixing there found 12 datum or about 85,8%. In Metaphorical Code Mixing there are found 2 datum or about 14,2%. In metaphorical code Mixing there found need filling motive and Prestige filling motive. In need feeling motive there are found 6 datum or about 43,8% and in prestige feeling motive there also found 9 datum or about 64,2%. The participant on the party debate are using situational code mixing, because the situation and the participant within the debate is only several and certain participant involve. On the party debate, it usually consists of several participants with a high education capability, so code mixing here is very important und useful to stress the main purposes of the debate. That's why situational code mixing is used more than metaphorical code mixing. While the use of need feeling motive and prestige feeling motive has the same (balance) datum because both has similar uses.


Using a tunable color center laser, photoluminescence excitation measurements were performed on GaAs:Er grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy. These measurements show that only one type of Er3+ center is responsible for the sharply structured emission band at 1.54 μm. The multiplicity of the zero‐phonon lines indicates that this Er3+ center has lower than cubic symmetry and that the luminescence arises from the intracenter transition 4I13/2→4I15/2 of Er3+ (4f 11).


Roger E Cook, ed., A Companion to the Works of Heinrich Heine. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2002. xiv + 373 pp. This engrossing, wide-ranging collection of essays by distinguished scholars might best be appreciated by reading the last contribution first. In that essay, George E Peters discusses the vexing question of why Heine has never emerged as a galvanizing force in German political thought. For Peters, the Weimar Republic, following the 1918-19 revolution, should have been the perfect occasion for such a cultural moment. Why did not "the assumption of power by a coalition of social democrats and liberals who set out to fulfill the lost promise of the 1948 revolution" (351) lead German writers directly to Heine as a voice of "enlightened, non-Prussian humanitarianism" (350)? Yet only Heinrich Mann embraced Heine as the prototype of the "European German." A number of complex issues militated against Heine's retrieval from the old, persistent prejudices: "Heine the Jew, the Francophile, the mannered, frivolous poet, or the talented but superficial journalist" (352). Perhaps 20/20 hindsight reveals Heine as the lucky one, the Weimar Republic having led to the Third Reich. As Peters notes, after 1945 Heine began to be appreciated profoundly, though not as a political voice exactly. The many complex issues that have relegated Heine to a "state of limbo on the threshold to modernity" (1) are explored in the essays of Roger E Cook's excellent companion to Heine.Though Heine continually represented the central theme of his work as "the struggle for emancipation" (4), he also saw himself as embodying in his own being the contradictions of his time, as if he suffered them in his own body after his physical collapse in 1848. Cook discusses the five authorial personae of Heine in his introductory essay, which in turn become the five chapters of this collection. "The Romantic Poet" remains the Heine known best to the general reader, though the essays in this section find "world dissonance" (52) in Buch der lieder not totally in keeping with this book's fate as a favorite engagement gift. Michael Perraudin eloquently captures both the themes and counter-themes of the work. As he says, Heine characteristically invokes "an ideal domain that loses credibility in collision with material reality-social, psychological, emotional"-[with] an implication of regret at the loss" (38). Yet Heine also implies, according to Perraudin, that it may not be the ideals that are at fault, but the materialism and rationality of modern man. In other words, Heine cannot adequately be described as Romantic or anti-Romantic, an ambiguity that continues throughout Heine's career. George E Peters explores Heine's eroticism, describing, in the longest essay in this collection, a rich array of conflicts beneath all that "doesn't happen" between men and women. …


A 72-year-old woman had noted left submandibular swelling for 7 years. On examination a 5 × 5 cm smooth, hard, fixed, painless mass was palpable in the left submandibular area. CT scan showed a circumscribed, isodense mass near the bifurcation of the carotid artery. Extirpation of the tumor was performed. The pathological diagnosis was intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia. The postoperative course was good, and the patient remains free of disease more than 5 months after surgery.Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is characterized by intravascular endothelial proliferation that resembles angiosarcoma. This disease seems to be the result of a peculiar process of thrombus undergoing organization. The prognosis is good, and the treatment is usually total extirpation of the tumor.


This paper reviews some of the problems associated with the formulation of the thermodynamics of interfacial phenomena. Special reference is made to the solid/liquid interface and stress is laid on the usefulness of making a thermodynamic analysis of experimental data before attempting an interpretation in terms of a molecular theory. An appropriate set of equations is developed, their application is discussed and a method of using adsorption data for the assessment of the relative wettability of surfaces is proposed. The thermodynamic characteristics, in terms of the surface tension, and the enthalpy and entropy of wetting, of some simple systems are presented and their relationship to current theories of adsorption from solution is discussed. INTRODUCTION There have been many expositions of the thermodynamics of interfacial phenomena emphasizing different aspects of the general problem. At one extreme are the most rigorous formulations which are not, however, always expressed in clearly operational terms, nor is it always easy to perceive their relationship to statistical mechanical models. On the other hand many treatments are linked either implicitly or explicitly to a molecular model of the interface, and it is then sometimes not easy to distinguish those features of the resulting equations which are independent of the chosen model from those which carry with them model— dependent characteristics. Since an increasing volume of experimental data on interfacial equilibria is becoming available, it is now an appropriate moment to establish the principles which should be followed in analysing and interpreting such information. One objective of the present paper is to emphasize the importance of identifying the thermodynamic quantities which can be derived unambiguously from experimental measurements. Only when this has been done should one seek the connection between such quantities and molecular concepts which provide a statistical mechanical interpretation of the observed phenomena. To this end we first discuss some general problems, some of which, despite the large literature on the subject, seem to have been relatively neglected. We then use the case of solid/liquid interfaces as an example of the application of thermodynamics to interfacial phenomena, and illustrate the methods by some experimental data on simple systems. Finally, a brief discussion is given of the problems of the molecular interpretation of adsorption. GENERAL THERMODYNAMIC PROBLEMS A very general thermodynamic analysis of adsorption, applicable to gas/solid, solid/liquid, liquid/liquid and liquid/gas interfaces was given by Schay (Ref.l) at the 1st International Conference on Colloid and Surface Science. As he pointed out this quite abstract and formal treatment needs further specification to make it operational. An appropriate choice of operational variables has to be made, the most expedient choice being dependent on the particular kind of interface under consideration. Thus, for example, in the case of liquid! gas and liquid/liquid interfaces accurate direct measurement of adsorption is difficult (except in the case of insoluble films) while the surface tension is directly measurable (Note a). In contrast, for the solid/liquid and solid/gas interfaces the adsorption can be Note a. It may be commented that for the liquid/gas interface it is in principle possible to determine the relative adsorption (defined later), although the experimental difficulties, in for example the McBain microtome method, are such that only a low accuracy is attainable.


Introduction Since the root tip of Allium cepa is being used more and more in physiological investigations, it was considered of value to investigate and compare the respiratory rate of different regions in this polar tissue. LUND and KENYON (8) observed that the region of active mitotic division in the root tip had the greater rate of reduction of methylene blue when compared to more basal regions and that this apical region was electropositive to the higher regions of the root. They also found that there wias the same polar distribution in the production of acid (CO2) when tested with phenol red. These factors were given as evidence in support of the theory of the origin of bioelectric potentials as oxidative-reductive systems in flux equilibrium. MARSH (9) showed that the electrical potential difference between apical and basal contacts on the root could be depressed by KCN, and ROSENE and LUND (11) found that the displacement of oxygen with hydrogen around the root also lowered the E.M.F. The readmission of oxygen gave a "rebound" effect in the p.d. of the root which was interpreted as resulting from a greater accumulation of oxidizable material in the apex as compared to the base. BERRY and HOYT (1, 2) observed that an onion root under anaerobic conditions could not be stimulated when direct or alternating current was passed through the root. ROSENE (13) has recently reported the inhibiting effect of KCN on the rate of exudation in excised onion roots. The present paper evaluates the normal respiratory rate of three segments of the root and the problems associated with measurements of this type. There is also included a preliminary estimate of the effects of eyanide and methylene blue on oxygen consumption in these segments.


Dolphins are one of the most iconic species of the marine world. With their playful nature and high intelligence, dolphins have enthralled the hearts of people of all ages from all over the world. The worldwide distribution of dolphins through the diverse global aquatic environments has gifted them with global popularity compared to other aquatic animals in direct contact with the human communities. In the past few decades, deaths, injuries, toxicities, genetic disorders and overfishing were continuously increasing due to faulty anthropogenic activities in th marine environment. The increasing global threats to dolphins' populations have remarkably enhanced the public awareness about these threats and triggered scientific communities to configure reliable/effective solutions. Combating trans-species infectious diseases and development of reliable, safe and cheaper diagnostic as well as therapeutic tools for tissue alterations were the infrastructure of dolphins' veterinary research through the past few decades. However, the veterinary library is suffering from remarkable scarcity of comprehensive literatures about diseases/disorders affecting different body systems of marine mammals. Thus, we present the current review in trial to shed the light on the most common affections of dolphins as a model of the most critically impacted marine mammals.


Petik laut is an expression of fishermen community thanks in Muncar for treasure and safety given by God through nature, especially sea. Petik laut ritual is held annually on Muharram month or Syuro by the citizen lived on the coast. The focus of this article explains the existence of myth in petik laut ceremony in Muncar, ritual procession, and religious values existing in it. This article uses qualitative approach. In conclusion, the sequence agenda of petik laut combines Islamic doctrine and Osing custom. The intention and the purpose of various ceremony of the sea handout is commonly same namely asking to the God in order to fishermen get over sea yield in the next year and are avoided from disaster during fishing. Almost those fishermen community believe that sea has keeper (supernatural being). Therefore, in every sea ritual, they always give offerings given to supernatural being keeper the sea.     Keywords : maritime custom, Petik Laut, Islam.


This article attempts to trace the determinants and factors that influenced the transformations in the Workers' Party (PT) over thirty years of history, that is, since its founding in 1980 until the last year of the second term of Lula da Silva as president of the Brazilian republic in 2010. It is believed that going through the party´s history, it's possible to know about the recent history of Brazil, since the struggles for democratization from the late 1970s and early 1980s, passing through the neo-liberalism in the country until the current phase of called new developmentally.


The utility model discloses an automatic Chinese herbal medicine powder filling device which comprises a base, an upright column, and a material tank. The material tank is arranged on the side face of the top end of the upright column and is provided with a feed inlet. The bottom of the material tank is provided with a discharge pipe. A discharge valve is arranged on the discharge pipe. A stirring motor is arranged on the upper portion of the material tank. An output shaft of the stirring motor is provided with a packing auger. One part of the packing auger is located in the discharge pipe. A light probe is arranged below the pipe orifice of the discharge pipe on the vertical column. The base is further provided with an electric scale. A programmable logic controller is arranged on the vertical column and is used for controlling the operation speed of the stirring motor so as to realize different discharge speed. The programmable logic controller controls the opening and closing time of the discharge valve so as to ensure the filling amount of each time. The automatic Chinese herbal medicine powder filling device overcome errors caused by changes of the specific gravity and the level of materials, can automatically track and modify, is suitable for the characteristic that Chinese herbal medicine powder is large in proportion change due to the fact that ingredients are complex and particles are uneven.


I wanted to expound here, from an introductory and pedagogical starting point, on wavelets. Note, my goal here is not to reinvent the wheel. This is meant to be the "missing companion manual" to the MIT OCW 18.327 http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-327-wavelets-filter-banks-and-applications-spring-2003/ material and to any book or course on or involving Wavelets, with (one of) the value being the Python code closely linked with each concept. One day on 18 juin 2015, I find myself needing to learn about wavelets, fast. Here are notes, solutions to various exercises and "textbook" problems, and associated code and code snippets that I found useful in learning about and applying wavelets. The first thing I now do when I want to pick up a new skill is to see if the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) OCW (Open-Course Ware) has a course on it. So far, I've seen 18.327 Wavelets, Filter Banks and Applications, taught by Strang and Amaratunga in Spring 2003 [1] (http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/ mathematics/18-327-wavelets-filter-banks-and-applications-spring-2003/). I haven't seen it updated recently. I'll try to give some updates from my perspective. (Note, this past week, 20150709, I saw that coursera has Computational Methods for Data Analysis; I'll try to look into that). Here are some features I want to mention about this exposition on Wavelets: • EY : 20150720 I wanted to raise the issue about the wavelet and scaling function coefficients at each jth resolution. I wanted to make resolve the distinction between doing the Fourier transform or essentially z-transform on the time t-domain (keep in mind that this could also be the spatial domain) and what it means when parts of the filter bank "acts" on the coefficients themselves. My original thought was this (and please give any and all (negative) feedback on where this might fail); with filtration being a collection of nested subspaces, i.e. V 0 ⊂ V 1 ⊂ V 2 ⊂ . . . (I was also curious if we can think of multiresolution analysis in terms of topological spaces): Multiresolution analysis as a filtration of L(R)-algebras, with each subspace V j equipped with a k-algebra, k, that is an algebra for the coefficients of the j-level of resolution scaling function and wavelets. I explicitly make clear what spaces we are living on and the mapping involved and make explicit the mapping itself in the so-called filter bank representation with commutative diagrams 5.2, 7.1.1. The operations of convolution and downsampling and upsampling on L(R) functions are clearly defined as an algebra and the corresponding operations in the so-called z-domain, which is really going to L(C), is also clearly defined and the correspondence or "dictionary" between L(R) and L(C) clearly shown. Date: 4 juillet 2015. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Wavelets.


The
Senegalese road network is strongly influenced in the long term by seasonal
variations in climate and weather conditions. Indeed, much of the damage is due
to these environmental factors. The objective of this paper is to study the
behaviour of bituminous structures under the effect of high temperatures.
Material samples were taken for a physico-mechanical characterization of the
coated components. The results show that Marshall creep (2.87, 3.39, 5, 5.5 mm)
and the bitumen penetrability increase with the increasing of temperatures
respectively from 34°C to 45°C and from 20°C to 50°C. Marshall Stability drops
from 15.81 kN to 11.31 kN for temperatures between 34°C and 45°C. The
simulation carried out on Alize-LCPC shows an increase in distortions of
traction at the basis of the rolling layer and at the top of the platform if
temperatures vary between 34°C and 45°C. This work makes it possible to conform
that the bituminous concrete is thermally sensitive and the hypothesis of
fixing the constant modulus of the bituminous layers in Senegal for all
projects remains unsuitable for a good dimensioning of sustainable road
structures. The knowledge of the equivalent regional temperature will make it
possible to produce quality pavements with a long lifespan.


Measurements of a separating two-dimensional incompressible boundary layer with an airfoil-type pressure distribution are reported. Unique mean and fluctuation velocity measurements and the distribution of the fraction of the time γp during which the flow moves downstream were obtained in the separated region using a directionally sensitive laser anemometer. Linearized hot-film anemometer measurements of mean velocities, turbulent shearing stress and intensities, eddy speeds, spectra and dissipation were made for γp > 0·8. The wall shearing stress, bursting frequencies, wall speed and spanwise structure were obtained using flush-surface hot-film sensors. The turbulent/non-turbulent interfacial intermittency γ and the frequency of passage of turbulent bulges were determined using smoke as a turbulence marker and the laser anemometer system for illumination and signal detection. Upstream of separation the velocity profile correlations of Perry & Schofield (1973) are supported within the uncertainty of the data. Normal-stress effects are very important, influencing $-\overline{uv}/\overline{q^2} $ and the dissipation length correlations, and directly providing sizable terms in the momentum and turbulence energy equations. The criteria of Sandborn for turbulent separation and fully developed separation are found to hold. Downstream of separation there is apparent similarity of $\overline{u^2}$, U and γp throughout the shear flow. The passive low velocity backflow near the wall apparently just serves to satisfy continuity requirements after the energetic outer-region flow has deflected away from the wall upon separation. The wall bursting frequency nA scales on outer velocity and length scales, with U∞/δnA ≈ 10, or about twice the value observed for zero-pressure-gradient flows. The non-dimensional spanwise spacing of wall eddies is given approximately by the relation λz UM/v ≈ 100 upstream of separation, where $U_M = (- \overline{uv}_{\max})^{\frac{1}{2}}$. The speed of wall eddies is found to be about 14Uτ.


In this paper the problm of optimal control for an intelligent beam is discussedbased on the elastic constitution equations supposed by the referense [6]. The beam is actedwith arbitrary static loads and the distributed or discreated piezoelectric actuators in the beamor on the face of the beam are considered. The governing differential equation of the beam isObtained and the optimal residual strain control method for the beam is proposed, respectivly.Finally, two examples are given in this paper.


The luminescence spectra of KrD Rydberg molecule in the spectral range from 400 nm to 800 nm in the gas phase at low temperatures (40K) were observed for the first time by means of original experimental technique. In this method, two gas jets were intersected over the surface of superfluid helium (temperature 1.5K, pressure of helium vapor 10 torr). Gas mixture of He with frequency electrodeless discharge. The resulting luminescent jet was introduced in a helium cryostat and crossed by a stream of H{sub 2} or D{sub 2} molecules to produce RgH or RgD. First experiments with Kr and D{sub 2} were carried out. A number of bands observed in the luminescence spectra were assigned to KrD extensively studied by Dabrowski et al. The most pronounced bands observed at 515 nm and 773 nm originate from 4d state and correspond to transitions to 5p states. Transitions from the np complexes were also identified but their intensity was much weaker. Near 483 nm there was a rather broad band assigned to transitions from nf complexes. The luminescence spectra of nitrogen molecules and ions, and CN radicals at such low temperatures were also studied and a number of peculiarities in the spectramore » were observed. These results will be presented as well.« less


The principal objective was studying effects of complex treatment using fetal stem cells (FSCs) on recovery of hematopoietic function. 50 patients suffering from aplastic anemia of different disease severity were under study and underwent complex treatment by use of cryopreserved suspensions containing fetal liver cells extracted from 7-12 week gestation fetuses. During the above study we proved effectiveness of FSCs use for the patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AAA). Positive effects on patient's subjective assessment of his/her condition along with an objective increase of tolerance to physical exercises were reported as early as during the first week after FSCs transplantation. We also recorded a stabilization of erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, platelets and leukocytes values in all patients under study. Reverse of infectious, hemorrhagic and anemic syndromes was achieved after treatment by use of FSCs. Significantly high erythrocytes and leucocytes counts controlled by laboratory tests together with reverse of anemia, hemorrhagic signs and infectious syndromes in the patients were also remarkable over 14 days after treatment. Within 7 days the patients felt improvement of their general state and increased tolerance to physical exercises. It has been proved that complex treatment by use of FSCs along with conventional therapy leads to stabilization of laboratory blood parameters and improved life quality among the patients with aplastic anemia.


The aim of the study was to examine the impact of internal marketing practices represented by the empowerment, training, leadership and motivation, on job satisfaction of Jordanian commercial banks. The target population of this study was employees of commercial banks in Jordan.. A random sample was selected from this population. The data collection resulted in 203 answers from employees of commercial banks in Amman. The constructs in this study were developed by using measurement scales adopted from prior studies. The instrument was evaluated for reliability and validity. Statistical Package (SPSS) was used to test hypothesis. Based on the statistical analysis and the values, Training and development has the highest impact on employees job satisfaction followed by Motivation, Empowerment, Communication, respectively. Thus, there is effect of the internal marketing practices on employees job satisfaction. Provided the above results and statistics, and due to the critical economic situation in Jordan, and the expensive cost of living, taking into consideration that the human power is the greatest resource in Jordan, decision makers and managers have to give motivation their full focus and attention in turning their employees into their most reliable and permanent asset. And they have to focus on developing the different skills in the employees and encourage them to be creative and discover their abilities by assigning them in training courses that suit each employee skills or his/her interest.


This is a comparative study of patients with acute‐onset, non‐affective, non‐organic, remitting psychoses and with non‐remitting or schizophrenic psychoses in India. Two groups of patients with acute remitting and non‐remitting or schizophrenic psychoses were compared with regard to the following variables: month of onset of psychosis; presence of stress, particularly fever, within 4 weeks preceding the onset of psychosis; childbirth within 12 weeks preceding the onset of psychosis; gender differences. It was found that the acute remitting psychoses showed an overrepresentation of females, a higher frequency of associated stress preceding the onset of psychosis, more often had onset during the summer months, i.e. between May and September, and had fever and childbirth preceding the onset of psychosis in a significantly higher proportion of patients, compared to acute non‐remitting psychoses or schizophrenia. The implications of the findings which point towards biological factors in the aetiology of acute remitting psychoses are discussed.


Purpose: The treatment of onychomycosis is low. Systemic antifungal treatment is more effective but has adverse effects such as hepatic and renal toxicity risks and drug interactions. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 1064nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser therapy to treat patients with onychomycosis in this study. Material and Methods: 50 patients (25 males, 25 females) who were diagnosed with the disease were included in the study. A total of 50 patients, 25 were males and 25 were females. Duetto MT EVO branded which has long-pulsed and 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser device was used. Patients were treated for 3 sessions in total with 4 weeks interval. Standard dose Nd:YAG laser therapy was applied with 4 mm spot size, 13 milliseconds pulse duration, 1 Hz repetation rate, 40 joules/cm2 fluence. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by comparing the KOH positivity before and after the treatment. Results: The KOH test was negative in 4 patients (8%) after 1 month of treatment. In 46 patients (92%), the KOH test was positive. As a result, there was no statistically significant correlation between post-treatment KOH test and pre-treatment KOH test positivity (p=0,736). No side effects of treatment were observed in the patients. Conclusion: In this study, the treatment efficacy was found to be 8%. We conclude that the Nd:YAG laser cannot be used as an effective treatment option for onychomycosis when applied with these parameters.


The anasthetic requirements for any surgical procedure are dictated by the nature and demands of the operation and the physical and physiological characteristics of the patient commonly subjected to it. The principles of stereotaxis were established when Spiegel and Wycis 1 described an apparatus for producing localised lesions in the depth of the brain with minimal damage to superficial structure. The target is determined from certain structures adjacent to, or in the ventricular system, which are visualised by means of pneumoencephalography, ventriculography or myodil ventriculography. This technique has been used mainly for the treatment of Parkinsonism, abnormal movements, intractable pain, implant of gold seeds and also, more rarely, for mental disorder and epilepsy. The majority of patients are suffering from Parkinsonism, many are elderly (figure 1) and hypertensive, and some post-encephalitic or arteriosclerotic. Moreover they react poorly to stress situations, run high temperatures for no apparent reason, become unaccountably hypothermic and with their poor chest expansion and excessive salivation frequently present chest problems. The Parkinsonian patient presented for surgery generally has some form of speech disturbance, slow mentation and emotional lability and is frequently very apprehensive. Abnormal movements vary from mild, with slight tremor in one limb, to violent with severe movement of limbs, trunk and head. The stereotactic apparatus in use at the Atkinson Morley's Hospital since August 1959, is the one designed by Leksell and his coworkers2 and has been used on all the patients described in this paper. The vast majority of patients so treated were suffering from Par-


Privitization or a flexible supervisory policy is not a good policy for most institutions of infrastructure facilities. Some such institutions should still be under some kind of cost and entry supervision because of their services of monopolistic nature. The establishment of a supervisory system may affect the efficiency of such institutions in some aspects, but it provides a good platform for competition for those supplementary services unconfined by the cost and entry supervision.


As an important branch of array signal processing, the beamforming algorithm can form gain in the direction of the desired signal and null in the direction of the interference signal, which can effectively suppress the interference of multipath signals. To address the problem that the classical spatial spectrum estimation algorithm does not have high resolution for the estimation of coherent sources, a DOA estimation method based on the Witch function and normalization of variable-step-size LMS algorithm is proposed in this paper. By defining the reciprocal of the array pattern as the spatial spectrum, the proposed method regards the DOA estimation as a peak search. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the interference of multipath signals. And it has similar performance with the classical spatial spectrum estimation method. Compared with other beamforming methods, the proposed method has convergence speed and better stead-state performance.


The adaptive immune response must be fast in order to protect against exponentially growing novel pathogens. A remarkable property of the immune system is that despite a human which is approximately 2500 times larger than a mouse, the human immune response is initiated as fast as that of mice. This is in contrast to most biological processes slowing systematically with body mass. We have now collected data comparing the sizes of immune organs including spleen and lymph nodes across a large number of species including mice, rat, rabbit, macques, human, pigs, camels, cattle, and elephants. We mathematically demonstrate that while spleens scale similarly to other organs such as the hearts and kidneys, the size and number of lymph nodes scale differently than typical organ size. Using a novel computational modeling approach to predict the time that the first T cell is likely to encounter a dendritic cell presenting cognate antigen after infection, we show that the size and number of lymph nodes determine the timing of the adaptive immune response and enable even very large animals to respond quickly to pathogen infection. Combined with empirical scaling of lymph node volume, this suggests that the initiation of T cell adaptive immunity in lymph nodes occurs faster in larger animals like humans, compared to small laboratory animals which are the focus of many immunological and vaccine studies.
 UNM Center for Advanced Research Computing, supported in part by NSF, for high performance computing resources, as well as the James S. McDonnell Foundation and NSF awards 2030037 and 2020247 for funding.


Knowledge graphs (KGs) are powerful tools that codify relational behaviour between entities in knowledge bases. KGs can simultaneously model many different types of subject-predicate-object and higher-order relations. As such, they offer a flexible modeling framework that has been applied to many areas, including biology and pharmacology -- most recently, in the fight against COVID-19. The flexibility of KG modeling is both a blessing and a challenge from the learning point of view. In this paper we propose a novel coupled tensor-matrix framework for KG embedding. We leverage tensor factorization tools to learn concise representations of entities and relations in knowledge bases and employ these representations to perform drug repurposing for COVID-19. Our proposed framework is principled, elegant, and achieves 100% improvement over the best baseline in the COVID-19 drug repurposing task using a recently developed biological KG.


This article investigates the effect of hydrogen aqua equaliser (HAE) with hydrogen repository tank and fuel cell (FC) as an energy storage element for frequency control in an interconnected power ...


A large variety of techniques have been developed to solve or approximate the solution of multiattribute ranking problems. From such techniques, several implicit or explicit partial orders, defined on the same set of alternatives, are obtained (in many cases, by pairwise comparisons) with the goal of determining a linear order. Often, this goal is attained by assigning positive weights to each partial order relation. However, the imprecise judgments of the pairwise comparisons as well as other factors lead to inconsistencies which have been analyzed in an extensive literature devoted to this type of problem. In this paper, numerical results about linear extensions of weighted sum relations are applied to the recognition of pairwise imprecise judgments between alternatives as well as to the confirmation of a ranking solution as a linear extension of a quasi‐order defined by a weighted sum of binary preference relations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Completed the evaluation method research of space energy coherent synthesis,according to space power synthesis mechanism,the article also provides qualitative and quantitative description of effective synthsis,through analysing coherent synthetic efficiency of distributed node space energy and phase point interval.


This thesis is about the code-mixing used by Korean women who live in Surabaya. Korean women in Surabaya spoke to Indonesian people in Indonesian language mixed with Korean codes. Code-mixing is a linguistic phenomenon, which people often use in a multilingual society. The writer wants to find out what Indonesian-Korean code-mixing structural elements Korean women produce and what Indonesian-Korean code-mixing structural element is the most frequently used in conversation. The theories of this research are code, code-mixing and parts of speech. The writer observes 10 Korean women and 4 utterances for each person. The writer finds data from the natural conversation between Korean women and Indonesian people. Korean women use adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, particles, pronouns, word endings, and verbs. The most frequently used part of speech is particles. Korean women use particles in conversation with Indonesian people because of the lack of knowledge about Indonesian language, the differences of Indonesian and Korean structure, and language habits of Korean people. It is difficult for Korean women to change or to correct the language habits.


1. The movements of the talus are described with particular reference to the anatomy of congenital talipes equinovarus. 2. It is suggested that the fundamental deformity in severe club foot is the fixed plantar-flexion of the talus. 3. Early operation is advised whenever serial stretching fails to bring the heel quickly into its normal position.


Microelectrode arrays are important tools that enable a wide range of neuroscience experiments, as well as emerging medical applications of neuroprosthetics and neuromodulation. Design-oriented characterization of electrodes provides information that is important for system optimization and for improving longevity in applications. Of specific interest is electrode impedance and noise across frequency, because these aspects have direct implications for neural recording performance. The time required to perform electrochemical measurements is a major limitation, because each electrode must be characterized individually. A solution is to use a single multiplexed circuit to simultaneously measure multiple electrodes. This report describes the design and in vivo test results of an electrochemical potentiostat system that rapidly multiplexes through electrodes, reducing measurement time for impedance spectroscopy by ∼8× at frequencies relevant to neural signals (<7.5 kHz). The system was used to gather in vivo characterization data from a microwire array implanted in rodent cortex, and the results are compared to a gold standard bench-top instrument.


Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platforms have undergone numerous workflow improvements to enable diverse applications in research, biomanufacturing, and education. The Escherichia coli cell extract-based platform has been broadly adopted due to its affordability and versatility. The upstream processing of cells to generate crude cell lysate remains time-intensive and technically nuanced, representing one of the largest sources of cost associated with the biotechnology. To overcome these limitations, we have improved the processes by developing a long-lasting autoinduction media formulation for CFPS that obviates human intervention between inoculation and harvest. The cell-free autoinduction (CFAI) media supports the production of robust cell extracts from high cell density cultures nearing stationary phase of growth. As a result, the total mass of cells and the resulting extract volume obtained increases by 400% while maintaining robust reaction yields of reporter protein, sfGFP (>1 mg/ml). Notably, the CFAI workflow allows users to go from cells on a streak plate to completing CFPS reactions within 24 hours. The CFAI workflow uniquely enabled us to elucidate the metabolic limits in CFPS associated with cells grown to station-ary phase in the traditional 2x YTPG media. Metabolomics analysis demonstrates that CFAI-based extracts overcome these limits due to improved energy metabolism and redox balance. Advances reported here shed new light on the metabolism associated with highly-active CFPS reactions, and inform future efforts to tune the metabolism in CFPS systems. Additionally, we anticipate that the improvements in the time and cost-efficiency of CFPS will increase the simplicity and reproducibility, reducing the barriers for new researchers interested in implementing CFPS.


The evaluation method which simulates collisions between the subject vehicle and some other vehicle of a similar size has been developed up to now by means of frontal impact to flat barrier or offset deformable barrier, etc. There are some reports describing that the injury level tends to become more severe for occupants of light vehicles than those of heavy vehicles, according to the accident data on vehicle-to-vehicle collisions. In this regard, the compatibility of heavy vehicles for the reduction of occupant injury level of lighter vehicles in such collisions is noted. In this paper, the effect of factors has been studied by simulating the deformation of the struck vehicle. The influence on the impact performance of heavy vehicle into frontal impact barrier was also simulated. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102514.


This paper is based on the annual report regarding the state of the Romanian small and medium enterprises in 2007. It presents the general frame of the use of Information Technology and Communication in Romanian firms, a few coordinates of the use of Information Technology and Communication in the Romanian small and medium enterprises as well as the impact of the usage of Information Technology and Communication on business performances.


We have employed evolutionary computation to solve the optimization problem of sensor deployment in battlefield environments. A genetic algorithm has the advantage of delivering results of a higher quality than simple computational algorithms, but it has the drawback of requiring too much computing time. This study aimed not only to shorten the computing time to as close to real-time as possible by using the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) but also to maintain a solution quality that is as good as or better than the case when the proposed algorithm is not used. In the proposed genetic algorithm, parallelization was applied to speed up the fitness evaluation requiring heavy computation time. The proposed CUDA-based design approach for complex and various sensor deployments is validated by means of simulation. We parallelized two parts in Monte Carlo simulation for the fitness evaluation: moving lots of tested vehicles and calculating the probability of detection (POD) for each vehicle. The experiment was divided into CPU and GPU experiments depending on arithmetic unit types. In the GPU experiment, the results showed similar levels for the detection probability by GPU and CPU, and the computing time decreased by approximately 55-56 times.


This study aims to find out the misconceptions experienced by college students in Astronomy material using four-tier Diagnostic test through the google form. The population of this study were all 5th semester students of the Sriwijaya University Physics Education Study Program. This research is a quantitative descriptive research. Descriptive research here is intended to identify the physics misconceptions experienced by college students in material Astronomy using four-tier diagnostic test. Quantitative research is intended to obtain data from research samples analyzed according to the statistical methods used. This research produces a description of the phenomenon of Astronomical misconceptions that occur. The instrument used is a multiple choice four-tier diagnostic test consisting of 10 questions. Based on the results of research and data analysis showed that overall percentage, college students experienced misconceptions of 57.34%, so that college students' misconceptions were categorized as moderate level misconceptions.


In this paper we focus on Living Labs for promoting and developing collaborative working environments (CWEs). The issues we address in this context are related to knowledge-sharing for innovation. ...


Polymeric nanocomposites in which the nanosize fillers are evenly distributed in the polymer material attract attention as an insulating material due to their ability to enhance the materials performance properties of electrical and mechanical. For high voltage (HV) insulation application, one of the targets is to obtain new insulators with improved dielectric properties. This paper presents the outcome of an experimental study to determine the conductivity level of the linear low-density polyethylene- (LLDPE-)natural rubber (NR) compound, filled with different amount of SiO2 and TiO2 nanofiller by using the polarization and depolarization current (PDC) measurement technique. linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and natural rubber (NR) with the ratio composition of 80 : 20 are selected as a base polymer. The experiment was conducted to find PDC pattern and conductivity variations of each of the LLDPE-NR/SiO2 and LLDPE-NR/TiO2 samples. The results show that the addition of SiO2 filler exhibited less conductivity compared to TiO2 filler with certain percentage. From the study, it can be concluded that LLDPE-NR/SiO2 is a better insulator compared with LLDPE-NR/TiO2.


This article examines a course team, who have a joint responsibility in the design of the student learning experience, as they reflect on their professional learning. The focus of the study is, therefore, on the value added to professional development as a course team when so often, staff development is aimed at the individual teacher. What is highlighted in this case is a strategy for linking development activities to course teams to create an integrated approach, informed by current research. Examples are given of how the development focus has shifted from the individual to a whole course team in an attempt to have more impact on the student learning experience and innovative models of course design. As a result, the team has adopted a common student-focused approach, and has been able to accommodate the individual variation in approach to teaching and still produce an outcome that is likely to benefit student learning. This is consistent with studies that suggest developments aimed at improving student learning need to be focused at the individual staff level and at the course and department levels, and to have internal consistency.


Abstract The currently available technology of Makhana processing is not only indigenous and manual but also cumbersome and painstaking. The process involves handling of hot roasted seeds which require two to three laborers to process 8–9 kg of popped Makhana per day. With the view to mechanize the unit operation involved in Makhana processing, grading and roasting machine were designed and developed. Grader was developed based on engineering properties of Makhana while the roaster was designed based on preliminary experiments for Makhana, i.e. shell breaking force at different temperatures and for varying residence time. The grader performed best at feed rate of 20 kg/h with grading effectiveness of 0.99, 0.955 and 0.95 for grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 Makhana seeds respectively. The developed roasting machine worked satisfactorily with 100% popping efficiency at machine capacity around 23.0 kg/h. The residence time of seeds in the roaster was 2.6 min and the average temperature of roasted seeds of grade 1, grade 2, grade 3 was found to be 271.33°C, 281.1°C and 280.7°C respectively.


Steganography is that method of activity in which a secret message among covered media is transmitted in such the way that anybody cannot apprehend the presence and/or contents of the hidden message. Once the data has been embedded, the cover media may be transferred through unsecured channels. The stego-image quality is improved by using the pixel swapping and parity based embedding method. In this technique, parity of the pixel to cover the image is changed depending upon the message bit and also message bits are embedded on the basis of equality of pixel in selected block of cover. We have investigated the performance of our scheme by comparing various qualities of the stego image and the cover image. The results show that the proposed algorithm for modified steganography is highly secured with certain strength in addition to the good perceptual invisibility. Keywords— Image steganography, Spatial Domain Steganography, Security, Parity based steganography, substitution based steganography.


To realize the visual tracking under the complicated condition,an efficient color object tracking algorithm based on the adaptive is presented in this paper.Based on an adaptive kernel model,the nonparametric statistical modeling of a moving target was carried out with the intensity difference between the target and the background.The search region is extended for searching objects with the background-weighted histogram for statistics of the target feature on the premise of taking the relevance between the target and background into account in order to realize the tracking of the moving gargets in a large area.According to the change of the object and environment,the target model is updated to improve the adaptive ability for environment variation of object tracking.Experimental results on real image sequences show that the algorithm can efficiently track the moving gargets,and the average iteration number reduces 37.28% in comparison with other method.


Alzheimer's disease is a multifaceted, incurable neurologic disorder characterized by cognitive decline and degeneration of brain neurons. The main factors implicated in Alzheimer's disease including accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins (hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated protein referred to as tau and amyloid Aβ), oxidative damage, inflammation, mitochondrial impairments and chronic energy imbalance, chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy dysfunction, the abnormality and dysfunction of the mitochondrion-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane serving as bridges between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and regulating multiple functions such as Ca2+ transfer, energy exchange, lipid synthesis and transports and protein folding, genetic variation in lysosomal genes, metabolomic changes are shortly considered. A special emphasis was placed on mitochondrial fission (fragmentation) is a prominent early event preceding Alzheimer's disease pathology in transgenic Aβ-animal models, as well as on marked decrease in extracellular amyloid deposition, prevention of the cognitive deficit development and improvement of synaptic parameters after inhibiting abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics. The important role of the well-characterized Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast as a valuable eukaryotic model organism in unraveling complex fundamental intracellular mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease is highlighted. The benefits of applying a new model organism the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, an obligate aerobe with the respiratory metabolism closely resembling that of mammalian cells, amenable to both classical and molecular genetic techniques, having a long history of use as a producer of heterological proteins, possessing an ability to change its morphology (from yeast-like to true mycelium) in response to environmental conditions as an useful alternative in deciphering a role of mitochondrial dynamics and distribution in an yeast model of Alzheimer's disease are suggested.


Single-nanowire solar cells with a unique light-concentration property are expected to exceed the Shockley–Queisser limit. The architecture of single nanowire is an important factor to regulate its optical performance. We designed a trilobal silicon nanowire (SiNW) with two equivalent scales that possesses superior light-absorption efficiency in the whole wavelength range and shows good tolerance for incident angle. The electric field distribution in this geometry is concentrated in the blade with small equivalent scale and pivot with large equivalent scale, respectively, in the short wavelength range and long wavelength range. Corresponding good light absorption of trilobal SiNW in the two wavelength ranges leads to stronger total light-absorption capacity than that of cylindrical SiNW. Trilobal single-nanowire solar cells can obtain a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 647  mA·cm−2, which provides a new choice for designing single nanowire with excellent light-capture capability.


Structural dynamic and aeroelastic considerations applicable to hypersonic vehicles are discussed. Emphasis is given to aerospace plane configurations. The definition of aerothermoelasticity and the operational flight environment are reviewed, and structural dynamic and aeroelastic areas of concern are individually discussed, including vibration, landing and taxiing, propellant dynamics, acoustics, lifting surface flutter, panel flutter, control surface buzz, buffeting, gust response, and static aeroelasticity. Recent research results from all-moveable delta-wing aerolastic studies, engine inlet lip aeroelastic analysis, and studies of thermal effects on vibration frequencies, aerodynamic heating effects on flutter, and active control of aeroelastic response are reviewed.


Sorts and characteristics of earth methods for Shanghai Mass Transit 4 vehicles are presented.The principle of earth design in metro vehicles is analyzed briefly.


The model of turbulence shear flow interaction has been widely studied in the magnetically confined plasmas, and an important problem is to understand how Turing pattern forms.The influence of cross-diffusion on a magnetically confined plasmas model is concerned.Stability at the equilibrium points are analyzed by linear analysis, it is shown that the diffusion term is the key mechanism of pattern formation. Then through the expansion of multiple scales, time scale and spatial scale are separated into fast scale and slow scale. The result of weakly nonlinear analysis indicates that the solution of real Ginzburg-Landau equation describes the amplitude equation.


We present a prospective and longitudinal study performed March to December 1982, as a precedent of several attemps carried out in medical services of Welfare Secretary of Mexico Federal District which have motivated new studies pointing at reducing traumatized spleen resection trend. We propose different tectonics to allow a proper recuperation and better life expectations to patients affected by a frequent an high-morbidity/mortality pathology. A casuistry of 16 cases from patients traumatized presenting spelling traumatize was analyzed; 9 of them with close trauma and 7 with penetrating traumatize. From these seven patients, 5 were affected by knife hurts and the other two ones by gun shooting, and were attended in medical services of the Federal District. Their ages ranged from 5 to 37 years, with a prevailing number of male individuals in a 7/2 relation over female patients, and with different magnitude lesions, which were treated by exploring laparotomy and several surgical technics to stop hemorrhage. Among them it can be mentioned: simple suture, epiploon patch suture and spleen artery selective ligature, keeping the spleen in 100% of the cases. There is only one mention about a new surgery through bleeding obtained by a canalization, twelve hours after and due to a left kidney lesion, which had not required a previous suture. Neither complications due to this procedure nor mortality in this series was reported and it is considered as a useful alternative in surgical treatment of spleen traumatism. Retana MFJ. Cirugia conservadora en trauma esplenico TRAUMA, Vol. 4, Num. 1, pp 14-21 • Enero Abril, 2001 16 sanguineo, basados en un reporte de cirugia experimental publicado en febrero de 1982 en la revista An Of Surg Intitulado "The importance of splenic blood flow in clearing pneumococal organisms", en donde se refiere la importancia de la conservacion del flujo sanguineo esplenico para la total funcion del organo. Es nuestro deseo contribuir con este estudio a lograr la confianza de los cirujanos en la conservacion de este importante organo.


OH radicals were photochemically substituted for fluorine atoms in the teflon surface by using an ArF excimer laser light and an Al(OH) 3 solution. This method is simple and can be performed in air atmosphere. In the process, the teflon film was placed on the Al(OH) 3 which were dissolved in NaOH water solution; the ArF excimer laser light was irradiated the sample surface and the solution. By irradiating the laser, the surface was defluorinated by the aluminium atoms photodissociated from the Al(OH) 3 solution, and the dangling bonds which were formed in the defluorinated surface combined with the OH radicals also photodissociated. The hydrophilic property of the photomodified surface was evaluated by the measurement of the contact angle with water. The defluorination and the OH radicals substitution were inspected by the XPS analysis and the ATR-FTIR measurement.


A debate among researchers that employee voice and employee silence are distinct constructs is going on for two decades. Furthermore, since 2021 studies are challenging, claimed, and demonstrated through empirical research that voice and silence are independent constructs. In addition, the idea of strategic silence was also presented in the year 2022, supporting this narrative. Hence the main aim of the current study is to provide a holistic picture of all those studies published in the last two decades (2003–2023) claiming voice and silence as unique concepts. For this purpose, the systematic literature review has been developed to know broadly used methodologies, theories, and concepts used in these studies. Furthermore, research gaps have been highlighted where future research is needed. Data were collected through two research databases, Scopus and Web of Science. This paper has expanded the literature in organizing the factual and theoretical knowledge through a systematic literature review for the first time. Thus, it will provide a roadmap for future researchers, human resource practitioners, and managers to understand the concept of voice and silence being unitary constructs and will open future avenues to work on in this sphere.


This paper proposes the system objective and logic model of an information system for production site management,which is based on the real scenario for managing Plateau Summer Vegetables' production.The paper describes the business function and business process of the information system.


Effects of diet on the mitotic activity and cellular mortality rate of the intestinal epithelium cells have been examined in Toad tadpoles. As yolk is utilized, the composition of diet has little effect on these 2 parameters. As development goes on, the cellular mortality rate increases with dietary carbohydrate, fat or protein supplementation. But only the fats affect the mitotic activity.


I remember that during medical school, we students were constantly stressed by the notion of needing to plan our careers. In the almost 20 years since graduating I have learned that one's career has a way of unfolding in wonderful unforeseen and unplanned ways. Last year, I had the good fortune of moving into a new role as a facilitator of integrative medicine group visits. Following are some notes from the field. They are 14 women and 2 brave men. Fifteen people of color and 1 white person. They carry diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, fibromyalgia, chronic pain of all types, hypertension, and obesity. They have visited specialists, been injected, exercised in physical therapy, and ingested numerous medications to minimal avail. They are survivors of domestic violence, child abuse, sexual abuse, violent crimes, and vicarious trauma and now are pioneers of a new program, Integrative Medicine Group Visits, funded by a Patient-centered Outcomes Research Instit...


The diagnosis of inhalant allergy can be elusive, with symptoms resembling viral or bacterial infection, as well as immunologic deficiency. In this study an inhalant allergy immunoassay was investigated as a possible screen to rule in or out respiratory inhalant allergy in patients with allergic‐type symptoms. The results of this screen were compared in 192 serum specimens submitted to our laboratory for specific IgE allergy testing and 73 blood bank samples. When the discrepant results of the inhalant allergy immunoassay were resolved by Western blot, a final sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 97.5% was calculated. We have found this inhalant allergy immunoassay to be an effective screen for detecting inhalant allergies, and believe it to be ausefultool for the primary care physician or non‐allergist trying to differentiate inhalant allergens from chronic sinusitis or other causes of sinopulmonary congestion. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 12:213–217, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Decomposition of organic material (litter) is an important part of the global carbon cycle. Environmental conditions, litter quality and the microbial community are the main factors affecting decom ...


Writing activities help students establish better communication. In addition, writing activities may enable students to become more accustomed to writing styles regarded as necessary in various academic disciplines and different areas of expertise. The interesting point is that writing helps students to think critically and form new knowledge (Klein, 1999). Many studies have been conducted with regard to the use of writing as a tool to develop learning and thinking. In their studies about learning by writing, Langer and Applebee (1987) stated that writing about a topic helps the writer to increase his/her knowledge and to arrange the ideas to be written, and that this contributes to the experience of learning (Mason & Boscolo, 2000). Writing activities force the writer to express his/her ideas more clearly. Use of writing as an intellectual activity is an important means of purposeful/planned learning (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1989; Bereiter, 1990, 1994). Dogan and Cavus (2008) conducted a study named as "Impact of writing activity on learning science topics in informal learning environments". In this study, they reported that, thanks to the writing activity, students learned how to summarize their knowledge, organize scientific thoughts by expressing them with their own words, and associate main ideas in a topic; in short, they learned how to present the information by organizing it. In recent years, science education researchers have been deeply interested in the learning and teaching of quantum physics. It is seen that pedagogical studies of this topic


Pressure index of agricultural water resources(PIAWR) is the ratio of the amount of agricultural water use and 40 percent of total water resources. The PIAWR could reflect the status of pressure on agricultural water resources. The paper calculated the PIAWR at the municipal and regional scale in China using the pressure index model based on the statistical data of water resources in 2005. It was found that 42 municipalities had a water pressure of the ¢ñclass, accounting for 12.38% of the total, 50 had a water pressure of the ¢ò class, 14.75%; 83 had a water pressure of the ¢ó class,24.48%; 60 had a water pressure of the ¢ô class, 17.70%; 12had a water pressure of the ¢õ class, 3.54%; 7 had a water pressure of the ¢ö class, 2.06%; 18 had a water pressure of the¢÷ class, 5.31%; and 67 had a water pressure of the ¢ø class,19.76%. The difference of agricultural water resources pressure in 6 different administrative regions was also great and the PIAWR were ranked in the order of North China, Northwest China, East China, Northeast China, South China and Southwest China. Based on the above analysis, the paper gave some strategies and suggestions for alleviating the tension in the high pressure regions of North China, Northwest China, East China, Northeast China, such as developing water-saving agriculture, adjusting planting structure, strengthening irrigation water management and properly developing sewage irrigation.


A Dutch bank provides loans to consumers. The bank wants to improve the consumer credit process. This paper presents an analysis of the process, based on the computer logs of the process, with the use of process mining software. The analysis provides a clear view on the process, on the throughput times of different parts of the process and on the results of interaction from employees with the customers. Several opportunities are identified that can lead to improvement of the throughput times and the percentage of offers that are converted into orders.


In this paper, the authors considers the especial requirements of the authentication model in multi-domain environments. He analyzes the problems of existing authentication frameworks, and proposes an identity-based authentication model for multi-domain. The model is based on identity-based public key cryptography, so as to overcome some problems posed by traditional authentication model based on PKI. Moreover, entity authentication for cross-domain and anonymity for subject is supported in the model. Especially, by using the modular approach under the CK-model, the security of entity authentication and anonymity is analyzed. It is showed that the proposed model is secure and could achieve the security requirements.


The effect of lanthanum on rice (Oryza. Sativa) seed germination under acid rain stress was investigated to reveal the mechanism of seed germination and the wayofalleviatingthe seed germination inhibition by acid rain. Rice seeds soaked with LaCl3 solution (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg·L-1) were placed in culture dishes with filter sheets to germinate in a culture container kept at constant temperature of 30 ℃, in which each treatment involved three dishes and each dish received 30 seeds, and the germination percentage, germination ener- gy, germination index and vigor index were determined. After soaked with 1 mg·L-1, the germination indexes of rice seeds were the highest. So, rice seeds after soaked with 1 mg·L-1 LaCl3 solution were exposed to simulated acid rain pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, pH6.5 as the control group (CK) that was replaced everyday. Seed germination, activity of peroxidase and content of soluble protein were investigated. The results showed that the rice seed germination was irreversibly inhibited by acid rain and La(Ⅲ)+acid rain under severe acid rain stress (pH≤ 2.5), and germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, vigor index were all zero, some seeds were abnormally germinated, both the POD activity and soluble protein content were obviously decreased, indicating that the protective effect of La(Ⅲ) was not obvious. At pH≥3.0, the above indexes of seeds pretreated with La(Ⅲ) were higher than those ofacid rain group, strengthening the tolerance of seed germination topH, suggestingthat lanthanumcould alleviate the damage ofacid rain torice seed germination.


In view of problems of fuzziness and uncertainty of output signal of gas sensor used in coal mine,the paper proposed a design scheme of gas monitoring system based on BP network and D-S evidence theory.The system uses improved BP algorithm to get basic probability assignment of underground environment and uses D-S evidence theory to fusion information of output of BP network,so as to make judgment and decision of underground gas state.The experiment result showed that the system improves accuracy of monitored gas information and rapidity of decision.


A review is given on the effects of different soil physical properties on soil biological activities and crop growth as well as the effect of the changes of soil physical properties resulted from the different cultivation and tillage management on soil biological activity and crop growth.And their prospects were also discussed in this paper.


Objective To detect the expression of DLL4 in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and discovery the impact of DLL4 on proliferation and apoptosis in A549 cells.Methods Delta-like 4 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in A549 cells;The siRNAs targeting to DLL4 gene were designed and chemically synthesized.DLL4 siRNAs were transfected into A549 cells by lepofectamineTM2000.Total RNA was extracted from A549 cells.RT-PCR agar gel electrophoresis was performed to detect the expression of DLL4 mRNA.Total cellular protein of treated cells was extracted and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The treatments were divided into two groups which were DLL4 siRNA-duplex group and no treatment group.The impact of DLL4 siRNA on A549 cells proliferation was detected by MTT assay.The treatments were divided in to 4 groups including DLL4 siRNA-duplex group,DLL4 siRNA-scrambled negative control group,lepofectamine group and no treatment group.The proportion of apoptotic cells was counted by laser scanning confocal microscope with Annexin V-FITC staining marked.The treatments were divided into DLL4 siRNA-duplex group and no treatment group.Results The expression of DLL4 protein was detected in cytoplasm of A549 cells.The results of RT-PCR and Western blot indicated that DLL4 was expressed in A549 cells at levels of mRNA and protein,which had significant difference between DLL4 siRNA-duplex group and no treatment group(P0.05).MTT results showed that the proliferation ratio was 43.85% in the DLL4 siRNA-duplex group,which was 23.81% in the no treatment group.DLL4 siRNAs accelerated apoptosis of A549 cells.The apoptosis ratio was(25.01±4.32)% in the DLL4 siRNA-duplex group,which was(14.24±0.98)% in the no treatment group.Conclusion DLL4 can be expressed in A549 cells.DLL4 siRNAs inhibit the expression of DLL4 in A549 cells,meanwhile inhibit A549 cells proliferation.and accelerate A549 cells apoptosis.


Abstract The example of ferroelectric films of barium strontium niobate (BSN) deposited on a silicon substrate with thin silicon nitride sublayer was used to show that the specific features of charge accumulation process in metal- ferroelectric- insulator- semiconductor (MFIS) structures depending on the parameters of insulator and ferroelectric layers manifest themselves in three mechanisms: i) injection writing, ii) polarization writing, and iii) polarization + injection mechanism, at which the polarization in ferroelectric enhanced the injection of carriers from semiconductor-insulator interface. The details of manifestation of each mechanism were analysed.


Euthera fascipennis (Loew, 1854) is recorded from Tunisia for the first time. The puparium of this species was collected in a ruderal environment (a kind of sward) in the stem of the inflorescence of Thapsia villosa L., near a larval gallery of Acmaeoderella lanuginosa (Gyll.) (Coleoptera, Buprestidae). The female and the puparium are described and illustrated.


While many developed countries have committed to tackling the global challenge of slavery, there has been little policy recognition that climate change and climate disasters are key drivers of these hidden exploitative practices. This article aims to bridge this divide by presenting evidence that climate-displaced persons have been targeted by traffickers or, facing limited alternatives, have voluntarily entered into exploitative employment in industries which are themselves fuelling the climate crisis. Having established modern slavery as a climate justice issue, the author will demonstrate that developed countries have tended to treat the two as distinct problems to be solved separately, resulting in a siloed approach to two closely connected issues. Alternative approaches, which incorporate modern slavery considerations into climate change mitigation and adaptation frameworks and vice versa, will be considered, with a view to achieving better outcomes for victims of climate disasters who have thus far remained invisible. In particular, case studies from developed and developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, which possesses both a high vulnerability to climatic hazards and over half of the world's modern slavery victims, will be of particular relevance throughout.


Obesity is the major cause of overweight this leads to the type II diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Measuring the food is very important for a successful healthy diet. Measuring calorie and nutrition in daily food is one of the challenge methods. Smartphone plays a vital role in today's technological world using this technique will enhance the issue in intake of dietary consumption .In this project an food image recognition system for measuring the calorie and nutrition values was developed .the user has to take the picture of the food image this system will classify the image to detect the type of food and portion size and the recognition information will estimate the number of calories in the food. In this system the food area, size and volume will be used to calculate the calorie and nutrition in accurate way. Keywords— Food image, Pre-processing, Support vector machine (SVM), Feature extraction.


This Bachelor thesis deals with the in the first instance theme Chiptuning and strive for the sake of clarity. Subsequently, engine management systems solve Bosch. In the second half of the work focuses on the specific possibilities of chip tuning and its impact on the composition of exhaust emissions.


One distinctive advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is it ability to selectively image sub-cellular details three-dimensionally in living cells. Live cell imaging is the domain of light microscopy. In this thesis a live cell imaging setup relying on 4Pi fluorescence microscopy is presented. To speed up the imaging process and record cellular processes of the order of a few seconds a new method of multifoci-generation via the stacking of birefringent crystals is implemented. The axial optical sectioning ability of the system is ~120 nm and the recording of an average-sized 3D data stack is accomplished in less than 10 seconds. The microscope's applicability to live cell imaging is verified by recording both mitochondrial fusion and fission events in live yeast and the movement of PML bodies in live human U2OS cells. To push the limits of applicability of the system further, second harmonic generation is tested as an alternative label-free coherent contrast mechanism and binary amplitude filters are successfully applied. Second harmonic generation turns out to be an imaging technique confined to specific applications. With the implementation of amplitude filters 4Pi microscopy of aqueous tissue becomes convenient and broadly applicable.


The movement of inhabitants from a squatter settlement to a resettlement colony can be perceived as a rise in the status of slum dwellers. The slum dwellers of the resettlement colonies now have better housing with security of tenancy. Also, they earn more than before, both in relative and absolute terms. But relatively better income and better housing have failed to bring about substantial change in living standards. The author examines the issues of a resettlement colony of Delhi in the local and global context. While the continuous pressure of population on infrastructures has deteriorated the physical and environmental conditions of the resettlement colony, the casualisation of employment in the informal sector has led to marginalisation of the poor residing in the resettlement colony.


The next generation sequencing technologies (NGS) have made it affordable to sequence any organism, opening the door to assembling new genomes and annotating them, even for non-model organisms. One option for annotating a genome is to assemble RNA-Seq reads into a transcriptome and aligning the transcriptome to the genome assembly to identify the protein-encoding genes. However, there are a couple of problems with this approach. RNA-Seq is error prone and therefore the gene models generated with this technique need to be validated. In addition, this method can only capture the genes expressed at the time of sequencing. Machine learning can help address both of these problems by generating ab initio gene models that can provide supporting evidence to the models generated with RNA-Seq, as well as predict additional genes that were not expressed during sequencing. However, machine learning algorithms need large amounts of labeled data to learn accurate classifiers, and newly sequenced, non-model organisms have insufficient labeled data. This can be addressed by leveraging the abundant labeled data from a related model-organism (the source domain) and use it in conjunction with the little labeled data from the organism of interest (the target domain) to train a classifier in a domain adaptation setting. The method we propose uses this approach and generates accurate classification on the task of splice site prediction – a difficult and essential step in gene prediction. It is simple – it combines source and target labeled data, with different weights, into one dataset, and then trains a supervised classifier on the combined dataset. Despite its simplicity it is surprisingly accurate, with highest areas under the precision-recall curve between 53.33% and 83.57%. Out of the domain adaptation classifiers evaluated (SVM, na¨A±ve Bayes, and logistic regression) this method produced the best results in 12 out of the 16 cases studied.


For the sake of to the examination for temperature data to carry on solid of on-line steel plate and saving,with the VC++6.0 as a terrace,the establishment supervision orders with the string of the of PC machine correspondence,the usage ADO technique writes in the data into Access database.When the PC carries to show,the adoption SQL language sentence and crystal statement carry on a search from the formula language sentence taking and carry on a saving data back to put with the data diagram object form.But the VC terrace bottom of tradition to the usage of crystal statement mostly is bind to settle single data source,this says being not viable to the application of many databases.So,this text set up work system according to the on-line steel plate temperature and elaborated how to carry out to the dynamic state of crystal statement and bind predestination according to the source and the history data's showing search under the VC.


This paper presents some aspects of modelling of dynamic interaction between conventional railway car and track taking into consideration mechanical imperfections. The imperfections may relate to deviations of geometric parameters against their nominal values or shapes. In our approach, the deviations are described for the single standard turnout and for the wheelsets of the railway car. In order to appreciate the imperfections, mathematical model and computer package has been elaborated. The package collaborates with the Matlab-Simulink environment. Several simulation results are presented to recommend the usability of the approach. They imply a conclusion that specific turnout parameters and analysed deviations of some of them create a vital cause of the dynamic interaction growth between vehicle and track. Dynamic response to mechanical imperfections is shown first of all with the aid of wheel-rail forces.


Abstract— The boundaries between the highly deformed tessera terrain and adjacent volcanic plains are primarily those of embayment, where the tessera are stratigraphically older than the plains. Previous studies show that <3% of these boundaries display evidence of tectonic tilting after the emplacement of the plains. One of these unusual boundaries is the western margin of Alpha Regio tessera, a zone ∼ 100 km in width that separates the plains from the interior structures of Alpha. This zone is characterized by margin parallel, fine‐scale (1–5 km) fractures, graben, and ridges that truncate and postdate the broad‐scale (10–30 km) ridges and troughs of the interior of Alpha. The western margin is embayed by several volcanic plains units that are progressively tilted and deformed by graben with closer proximity to Alpha Regio. The earliest deformation of the plains consists of northeast‐trending graben ∼1 km in width that are similar in morphology and spacing to graben that deform intratessera plains and plains at the eastern boundary of Alpha. Northwest‐trending graben then formed over an interval marked by the emplacement of two additional plains units; their similarity to northwest‐trending structures emanating from Eve corona and the Lada Terra rift suggests a possible genetic relationship. The tilting of the plains adjacent to western Alpha implies relative vertical movement of the margin, either uplift of tessera or downwarping of plains subsequent to the formation and relaxation of the interior of Alpha Regio. Subsidence of plains at this locale is supported by the presence of a basin to the west of Alpha surrounded by a fracture belt contiguous with western Alpha. Thus, the fractures and deformation at the western boundary of Alpha may be related to the formation of a basin to the west of Alpha with some influence from the northernmost extension of the Lada Terra rift. Such a basin is not present at a section along the eastern boundary of Alpha Regio, where the origin of tilted plains remains equivocal. We conclude that the deformation along the western margin of Alpha Regio is not directly related to the process of tessera formation but is an example of tessera modification and is consistent with the stratigraphic position of tessera as the oldest unit observed on Venus.


Adenoid vegetation has been considered to be one of the causes of otitis media with effusion (OME), but our clinical experience and studies by other researchers have revealed that adenoidectomy is not always effective in the treatment of OME. In this study, an attempt was made to assess the effect of adenoidectomy upon hearing. Forty-five children with OME (76 ears) ranging in age from 3 to 9 years were treated by adenoidectomy, insertion of tympanostomy tubes, myringotomy, or a combination of these procedures, and followed for 6 months.Children treated with adenoidectomy and insertion of tympanostomy tubes and children without adenoid hypertrophy treated with insertion of tympanostomy tubes showed marked improvement of hearing, but in children with adenoid hypertrophy treated with either insertion of tympanostomy tubes or adenoidectomy hearing was not improved. The hearing of children with adenoid hypertrophy treated with adenoidectomy and myringotomy grew worse for 2 or 3 months but then improved.This study indicates that children with OME and adenoid hypertrophy should be treated with adenoidectomy as well as insertion of tympanostomy tubes.


The psychological harmony of leading cadre relates to the constuctiong of harmony in the whole society.In modern society,the acceleration of the pace of life and the increase of competition in society cause leading cadre have too large psychological prssure and psychological diseases.Care and help of organizations Self-cultivation and the debug is the basic approach to improve the psychological quality of leading cardres.


Silicon in single crystal form has been the material of choice for the first demonstration of the MIT microengine project. However, because it has a relatively low melting temperature, silicon is not an ideal material for the intended operational environment of high temperature and stress. In addition, preliminary work indicates that single crystal silicon has a tendency to undergo localized deformation by slip band formation. Thus it is critical to obtain a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of this material at elevated temperatures in order to properly exploit its capabilities as a structural material. Creep tests in simple compression with n-type single crystal silicon, with low initial dislocation density, were conducted over a temperature range of 900 K to 1200 K and a stress range of 10 MPa to 120 MPa. The compression specimens were machined such that the multi-slip or orientations were coincident with the compression axis. The creep tests reveal that response can be delineated into two broad regimes: (a) in the first regime rapid dislocation multiplication is responsible for accelerating creep rates, and (b) in the second regime an increasing resistance to dislocation motion is responsible for the decelerating creep rates, as is typically observed for creep in metals. An isotropic elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model that accounts for these two mechanisms has been developed in support of the design of the high temperature turbine structure of the MIT microengine.


Phishing is one of the most dangerous information security threats present in the world today, with losses toping 5.9 billion dollars in 2013. Evolving from the original concept of phishing, spear phishing also attempts to scam individuals online, however it uses personalized mail to yield a far higher success rate. This paper suggests an increased threat of spear phishing success due to the presence of social media. Assessing this new threat is important not only to the individuals, but also to companies whose employees may specifically be targeted through their social media accounts. The paper presents the design and implementation of an architecture to determine phishing susceptibility of a user through their social media accounts, and methods to reduce the threat. Preliminary testing shows that social media provides a publicly accessible resource to assess targeted individuals for phishing attacks through their accounts.


As professional, experienced educators, we have gained many understandings about teaching reading based on our work with our students, research and theory, and our beliefs about "what really matters" (Allington, 2001) in reading instruction. We are concerned about the increasing control that is being exerted over reading instruction in some elementary schools in the United States and some of the messages about reading instruction that have been reported in the popular press. Therefore, we would like to provide some of our perspectives on reading instruction in an attempt to help parents, families, and other community members hear from educators on some of the important issues surrounding reading instruction.


We give a simple reformulation of the four color theorem as a problem on strings over a four letter alphabet.


Since last few years open source integrated library systems gaining attention of library and information science professionals. This paper tries to identify the extent of adoption of Koha, an open source ILS in libraries around the world through a Web based study. The study found that Koha adoption in libraries is still at infancy.


K. Saito [RIMS Kokyuroku Bessatsu 287 (1977), 117-137] introduced uniformization systems of equations with singularities along free divisors. The purpose of this paper is to construct such systems for the case of finite irreducible complex reflection groups of rank three. Each of them is essentially a system of linear differential equations of Fuchsian type in two variables with three linearly independent solutions. As a special case, uniformization systems of equations whose monodoromy groups are the finite irreducible complex reflection groups themselves are obtained in a closed form. This case has already been treated by Haraoka and the first author in [Funkcial. Ekvac. 53 (2010), 435-488] and our study is a generalization of their result.


We present a body of results that demonstrate that the golden section can be implemented in the design of evolving systems. Albeit we only develop the mathematics, both mathematician and computer expert should find the concept clear. Perhaps of particular interest to the number theorist is the observation that the sequence  defined by  known as the Teleois number system, crops up in our results. Having shown in previous works how this sequence is closely related to the golden section, this manuscript gives further confirmation and the fact that Teleois numbers penetrate the golden section renders it a proportion of great splendour. Our results can find a wide range of applications from information technology to manufacturing.


Kinetochore localization of CENP-C, which is a key and conserved kinetochore component, is regulated during cell cycle progression. Watanabe et al. demonstrate that CDK1-mediated CENP-C phosphorylation regulates mitotic kinetochore localization via binding of CENP-C to the CENP-A nucleosome.


: The weight of the vehicle is going on increasing due to additional luxurious and safety features. The increasing weight of the vehicle affects the fuel efficiency and overall performance of the vehicle. Therefore the weight reduction of the vehicle is the real need of today's automotive industry. Steering knuckle is one of critical component of vehicle. It links suspension, steering system, wheel hub and brake to the chassis. There is scope to reduce the un sprung weight vehicle. Steering Knuckle is a non-standard part and subjected to various loads at different conditions. Weight reduction of steering knuckle is the objective of this exercise for optimization. Typically, the finite element software like OptiStruct (Hyper Works) is utilized to achieve this purpose. For optimization, Nastran/Ansys/Abaqus could also be utilized. The targeted weight or mass reduction for this exercise is about 5% without compromising on the structural strength.


A major methodological innovation in the study of animal behaviour. Interested primarily in imitative and ideational behaviour in animals, Leonard Hobhouse devised a series of new and ingenious problem-solving tests that later served as a basis for Wolfgang Kohler's work on primate intelligence.


The paper discusses design of energy storage based energy recovery system for elevators. The main element of such system is unidirectional DC-DC converter to control energy flow to supercapacitor or li-ion battery based energy storage. The paper gives explanation of selection of the converter topology and some design considerations. The test results of experimental prototype on a developed test bench are presented in the paper.


The invention discloses a lubricant for drawing and extruding a brass blank. By adopting industrial white oil No. 22 as base oil, the lubricant is matched with various composite additives, including an oily agent, an anti-wear agent, an anti-foaming agent, an antioxidant, a friction modifier, a reinforcing agent and an assistant. The lubricant for drawing and extruding the brass blank, disclosed by the invention, has relatively strong permeability and diffusivity, is high in oil film strength, good in abrasion resistance, shearing resistance, cooling performance, cleaning performance and viscosity-temperature performance, strong in extreme pressure performance, and good in stability of oil film thickness, pressure resistance and lubricity, reduces the wear of a drawing tool and a drawing die, has relatively small flow shear stress, improves the metal surface finish and specification precision, is convenient to clear, has certain chemical stability, and has the characteristics of appropriate flash point and ignition point, as well as the capability of preventing rust spots, and the like.