Changes were evaluated in the properties of the microstructure during storage of yoghurts obtained with three commercial bacterial starter cultures differing in their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). The syneresis and rheological parameters were investigated during 28 days of storage. Changes in yoghurt microstructure were also monitored by image analysis processing to calculate the fractal dimension. Yoghurts prepared with EPS-producing lactic acid bacteria showed higher values of viscosity and hysteresis loop area and lower amounts of whey separation. The calculated fractal dimension indicated changes in the porosity of yoghurt gels during storage. Different relationships between fractal dimension and syneresis and hysteresis loop area were observed for EPS and non-EPS yoghurts, which may suggest alternative mechanisms of their microstructural behavior and confirm the important role of EPS for yoghurt properties. Fractal geometry provides a powerful method to investigate the properties of irregular structures which are otherwise undetectable.

Practical Applications

Yoghurt has a porous structure built of a protein network. Many physical properties of yoghurt depend on this microstructure. EPS produced by various lactic acid bacteria affect yoghurt microstructure and texture properties to a large extent. During microscopic observation, characterization of such objects is often limited to verbal description and many subtle differences between similar structures escape detection. In this case, fractal geometry can be used for precise mathematical description of such microstructure. The presented method of image analysis and calculation of the fractal dimension of pores in yoghurt microstructure can be a useful tool for yoghurt comparison and even classification of lactic acid bacteria properties.


To the Editor. — We read the article by Jolson et al 1 with interest, and we are concerned over the lack of objective, balanced information presented. We are aware of at least two published clinical trials 2,3 that did not validate the potential warfarin-fluoroquinolone interaction. The information provided by Jolson et al, as well as the published literature that has generated interest and concern about this potential interaction, has been derived from individual case reports. One cannot evaluate the predictability of an interaction from case reports alone, without appropriate clinical trials to support the interaction. Jolson et al state that the five patients had steady-state baseline prothrombin time (PT) ratios between 1.5 and 2 times the control ratio. They failed to mention their criteria for determining steady state. Additionally, reporting PT ratios rather than international normalized ratios (INRs) makes it difficult for the reader to judge steady-state criteria or


We previously identified UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine 2‐epimerase (GNE) myopathy patients with sleep apnea and a past history of thrombocytopenia, but without disease‐specific cardiac involvement. This study aimed to clarify the occurrence, severity, and serial changes of these complications.


This web essay was commissioned as part of the contemporary essay series for 'Ceramics in the expanded field: behind the scenes at the museum', a research project from the Ceramics Research Group at the University of Westminster funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC).


When students are admitted from school directly into the first year of the second M.B. course, it is found that the standard and knowledge of the students vary considerably, depending on the syllabus and the teaching methods employed at the school they attended. In order to remedy this situation as soon as possible after entry to university, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School has been experimenting with teaching programmes on important selected topics. h assessment has been made of the use of such a programme on organic nomenclature. The programme was devised in the Biochemistry Department of the Middlesex Hospital (Smith, unpublished), used in that department, and also in the Department of Biochemistry of St Mary's Hospital Medical School, and the evaluation was carried out by the Department of Biology at the Middlesex. The programme is of linear format, but is self-contained and does not assume previous knowledge. Many of the frames carry explanatory or reinforcing material and a minimum of two hours is required to complete the programme for the first time. The programme had been developed and tried in the preceding year. The results were sufficiently encouraging to suggest this fuller study.


In this paper, the effects of mechanical properties on aluminum oxide (aluminum) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites were investigated. PA6 reinforced with aluminum by varying the weight proportions of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%wt. The mechanical properties of PA6, aluminum reinforced PA6 polymer composites were studied in terms of tensile, flexural, impact and hardness tests. The PA6 composite containing 10 wt.% aluminum shown the enhance mechanical behaviors. The morphological analysis of fractured surfaces was carried out by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results of PA6 reinforced aluminum composites are compared to pure PA6. The addition of aluminum improves the life condition of normal PA6. Also, this composite reveals the stronger interfacial bonding properties with enriched mechanical features.


There is currently a global quest to decentralise government functions, which has resonated well with many developing countries. Ghana has over the last few decades embraced decentralisation in principle, as a way of promoting inclusive, efficient, accountable and bottom-up local-level governance. However, it is unclear how successfully this vision is being achieved.  Using a heuristic continuum as an analytical framework, this study conducted a literature- and statute-based politico-administrative review of the local governance system of Ghana to ascertain the extent of decentralisation. The study concludes that the legislative, political and administrative arrangements in place make it easy for the centre to usurp the powers of local authorities.
KeywordsGhana, decentralisation, recentralisation, politico-administrative


Scene experimental studies were carried out on water quality purification efficiency of four kinds of Submerged plants and their compounding in minitype enclosures of an eutrophic lake,Yunlonghu Reservoir,JiangShu Province.The results show that the transparencies in the enclosures with the recovery of macrophytes are efficiently enhanced compared with the controled enclosure without macrophytes and the reservoir water,the status of DO is improved while TN、COD cr and BOD 5 are obviously wiped off.Among several experimented submerged plants,Myriophyllum spicatum L.has the best effect of improving the transparency,Ceratophyllum demersum L.has the best effect of increasing DO,Vallisneria spiralis L.has the most efficient effect of absorbing TN,Myriophyllum spicatum L.has the best effect of decreasing TP,Myriophyllum spicatum L.and Ceratophyllum demersum L.has the better effect of decreasing the organical substance.The effect of compoundings of several kinds of Submerged plants can accelerate one and another to a certain extent.


Abstract Purposes: Nowadays, an increasing number of studies have proposed single embryo transfer (SET), especially single blastocyst transfer (SBT). To compare the clinical outcomes of single fresh blastocyst transfer (BT) and single cryopreserved-thawed BT in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from the start dates until February 2018. The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and embryo implantation rate (IR). The secondary outcomes were multiple pregnancy rate (MPR), live birth rate (LBR), and miscarriage rate (MR). Using the Mantel–Haenszel random effects model to analyze summary risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity scores were assessed with the standard Cochrane's Q test and I2 statistic. Results: In total, eight studies (two prospective studies, six retrospective studies) were included in our analysis. There was no statistically significant difference regarding clinical pregnancy (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.91–1.55) and embryo implantation (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.77–1.41). Regarding secondary outcomes, there was no significant difference regarding miscarriage (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.60–1.03) and multiple pregnancy (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.75–2.04). However, single fresh BT is associated with an increased live birth (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05–1.57) compared with single cryopreserved-thawed BT. Conclusions: In summary, this meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that single cryopreserved BT might not be the best choice compared with single fresh BT in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles.


1. A process for curing a coating on a substrate, comprising: a) applying a liquid coating composition to a substrate, b) coalescing the coating composition on a substrate to form a coating, c) coating treatment at a temperature of from 20 to 70 ° C to cure the coating by cross-linking reaction, wherein the coating composition comprises: i) poliuretdion derived from a polyisocyanate, ii) a polyol, and iii) an amine catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a group of -N = CN-, is aprotic, has a pKa of more than 20 and adding to the liquid coating composition causes the phase transition course of the coating composition from liquid to solid at 25 ° C and 1 atm for one nedeli.2. The method of claim 1, wherein the crosslinking reaction occurs via the formation of allophanate grupp.3. The method of claim 1, wherein poliuretdion contains at least two uretdione gruppy.4. The method of claim 1, wherein poliuretdion contains from 2 to 10 uretdione grupp.5. The method of claim 1, wherein poliuretdion prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate containing a uretdione group and at least one polyol and optionally a blocking agent for izotsianata.6. The method of claim 1, wherein poliuretdiony contain from 5 to 45% by weight of uretdione groups.; from 10 to 55 wt.% of urethane groups and less than 2 wt.% free isocyanate groups, where the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the resin containing uretdione, urethane and / or isocyanate gruppy.7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is a (cyclo) aliphatic poliizotsianat.8. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is diizotsianat.9. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and their smesey.10. The method of claim 1, wherein


Fe-Ni-Cu-C mixed powder by injection molding using coarser powder with particle size of 60um was studied.The effect of injection parameters to the quality of green was studied by orthogonal arrays design and statistical analysis method according to the density and strength of the green part.The right debinding and sintering processes were obtained.Results indicated that the sintered part is provided with the best mechanical property when the proportion of H2 and N2 is 1∶3 and the sintering temperature is 1225℃,at which,the tensile strength is 360MPa,yield strength is 171MPa and hardness is 54HRB.


ABSTRACT Online display advertising represents a large source of revenues for online publishers. Because of its vital importance for publishers and advertisers, competition in the advertising ecosystem is desirable. Yet, in the "programmatic" era, the sector is characterized by a high degree of opacity and some of its segments seem to be dominated by Google, with concerns being expressed that it may engage in anti-competitive strategies. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to explore the display advertising ecosystem and discuss relevant competition law issues. It first discusses market definitions and shows that Google may be dominant on several ad tech markets and then describes how programmatic advertising functions in practice. Finally, the paper identifies several practices which may amount to abuse of a dominant position in breach of Article 102 TFEU.


Recently, as consumers gradually prefer buying products that reflect their own personality, there exist some consumers who wish to involve in the product design process. Parallel with the popularization of e-business, many manufacturers have utilized the Internet to promote their products, and some have even built websites that enable consumers to select their desirable product specifications. Nevertheless, this method has not been applied on complicated mechanical product due to the facts that complicated mechanical product has a large number of specifications that inter-relate among one another. In such a case, ordinary consumers who are lacking of design knowledge, are not capable of determining these specifications. In this paper, a prototype framework called Internet-based consumer-oriented product ordering system has been developed in which it enables ordinary consumers to have large freedom in determining complicated mechanical product specifications, and meanwhile ensures that the manufacturing of the determined product is feasible.


Objective In order to avoid the problems of excessive trauma, postoperative edema, long rehabilitation period, and dramatic operative sign, that commonly seen in traditional techniques of face lift, minimal incision technique was used for correct aging upper and mid -face. Methods According to the aging manifestations of individual patients, either a superior or inferior marginal incision of the eyebrow,or combined with a hair-line incision at the temporal area were used. The incision usually takes a shape of a new lunar. Excess skin was excised. No submined dissection was performed. 5-0 absorbable, 7-0 and 9-0 nylon suture were used for subdermal, intradermal and skin stitch. Results 1 186 cases received the operation. The patients usually return to their social activity three days postoperatively. All the patients showed significant effect of rejuvenation. Some cases were invited for three years follow-up, no recurrent was found in these patients. Conclusion The minimal incision technique was effective for aging upper and mid-face, with tiny trauma, light postoperative reaction, instant rehabilitation, and no scar. It has been delighted received by most patients.


This paper examines the style of business casual worn by Korean white-collar workers. As major companies in Korea lowers their dress code for employees and the workers enjoy more free time due to the reduced working hours, the office workers came to prefer relaxed and comfortable business casual style to the strict formal style. To classify this phenomenon with the category of business casual, the concept of business and its changes were meticulously studied with various articles. After that, this paper attempts to do concrete analysis of this phenomenon by reviewing 880 photographs of men aged 20 to 40 taken at the three major subway stations (Kwanghwamoon, Kangnam, Yeouido). This analysis is conducted to find out the noticeable wearing types of business casual, and the use of items in the respective wearing type, and the stylistic characteristics of the classified types. According to the result of this analysis, the types of business casual style are classified into semi-formal style, casual-jacket style, half-coat style, cardigan style, and jumper style. The style of business casual is presented by coordinating various inner-wear and casual pants with the outwears such as casual jacket, half coat, cardigan, and jumper. Casual and sporty items, such as cardigan, jumper, T-shirts, polo shirts, denim pants, backpacks, and snickers, are vigorously utilized in the coordination.


In order to improve the accuracy of earthquake damage assessment of reinforced concrete structure, the earthquake damage assessment mutation model and four-dimensional model of seismic damage analysis are established using catastrophe theory. Firstly, internal damage index, number of inelastic cycles, maximum inter-storey drift and energy-concentrated quotient were taken as evaluation factors. Value assignment and standardization of each evaluation index is conducted. The appropriate mutation model is selected to calculate the total mutation value of seismic damage and comparison with the evaluation criteria of seismic damage of reinforced concrete structure, the extent of structural damage is differentiated. Secondly, comprehensive consideration of people's initiative and non-linear characteristics of the system, a four-dimensional seismic damage analysis model is build based on the mutation assessment of earthquake damage. Finally, four different structures are calculated and the results are compared with the ones of variable fuzzy set theory, set-pair theory to verify the reasonableness and effectiveness of the method.


ABSTRACT:In Eritrea, Italian colonialism introduced and regulated the opportunity for mixed-race individuals with Italian ancestry to obtain Italian citizenship. This opportunity was modified over time depending on changes in Italian and Eritrean citizenship laws. Moreover, laws and socialization shaped Italo-Eritreans as a minority and a "different" group that reproduced itself even after colonialism. Over time, the number of Italo-Eritreans varied as did their sense of belonging to a real or imagined community. The case of mixed-race children abandoned during Italian colonialism provides an insight into the importance of social institutions in building legal and social identities through socialization. Using an interdisciplinary, qualitative-quantitative approach, I focus on the convergence between the processes of inclusion within legal (citizenship) and social (identity) categories, as well as on the agency of Italo-Eritreans raised in orphanages in transforming a stigma into a resource to gain the Italian citizenship.


Comparing 1996 GPS data and data collected only one year earlier demonstrates that 50% of the instantaneous relative plate motion is accommodated between the west coast of the South Island and the eastern side of the Waiau Basin, a distance of about 75 km. The observed relative velocity vectors are nearly parallel to the inferred orientation of the plate boundary and rotated more than 30° clockwise compared to the relative plate motion vector, a difference that is significant at the 95% level of confidence. Modeling shows that the observed deformation rates are consistent with a model where nearly all the relative plate motion occurs on the plate boundary thrust as defined by the Benioff Zone associated with subduction on the Puysegur Trench.


The relationships between Africa and the Indian Ocean span millennia. Between nations in Africa and those on the Indian Ocean there are opportunities for greater trade, for increased investments and for enhanced geo-political cooperation. Further, an evaluation of the economic trajectories of the Africa and Indian Ocean countries provide many important lessons in economic development. These issues were discussed in a series of presentations at the "Africa and the Indian Ocean" conference hosted by New York University in Abu Dhabi in March of 2010, and published in this volume. This paper provides an introduction to the papers in this volume from the 2010 conference.


This cross-dimensional, exploratory study attempts at investigating the acqu1s1tion order of five sentential structures by native speakers of Arabic. A natural elicitation technique, in the form of a test written in English, was given to the 1177 subjects of the study. The questions of the test were about the familiar topic of the best friend. Each of these sentences was intended to test a certain number of rules. The subjects' responses were analysed by using modified forms of Burt and Dulay (1980) techniques for scoring the subjects' responses and for calculating the group scores. It was found out that structurally simpler sentences were acquired before the more complex ones. Also • the sentences which had forms similar to Arabic forms were acquired before those that did not have forms similar to any of the Arabic forms. Moreover, it was also found that the study of English literature as well as extensive reading for pleasure had positive effects on the rate with which the subjects acquired these sentences. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY AND DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM Marina K. Burt and Heidi Dulay (1980: 266) make the point that 'over and above the provision of theoretical guidance, acquisition order studies could also provide practical guidance in the development of curricula and materials.' The same idea is emphasised by S. P. Corder (1981: 2) who observes that, 'if we could establish the natural order in which a knowledge of the second language is gradually built up by the learner, the materials,,particularly the structural syllabus, could be graded upon more solid basis than the current one, which is a mixture of some concept of usefulness and some idea of linguistic dependency, but certainly not on any psycholinguistic evidence of language learning.' Presently, acquisition order studies (hereafter AOS) may not be able to fully assist in the development of materials and curricula. Firstly, AOS seem to be more concerned with the theoretical questions of second language acquisition, than with the practical applications of research findings. The questi~n that seems to be foremost in the minds of many researchers is whether there is a universal path followed by all second language learners regardless of their linguistic background. Ervin Tripp (1978: 191) has observed that' writing on child language·, particularly in the Chomskyan tradition has been more theoretical research, less applied.'.(Seealso Burt and


The heat-humidity processes of gas turbine unit intake air deep cooling to the temperature of 10 °C and lower with the use of refrigerant boiling at the temperature of about 4-6 °C as a coolant and the ejector chiller utilizing the turbine exhaust gas waste heat as a thermotransformer has been analyzed for daily changing ambient air temperatures and changeable heat loads on the air cooler as consequence. The computer programs of the firms-producers of heat exchangers were used for gas turbine unit intake air cooling processes simulation. It is shown that at decreased heat loads on the air cooler a surplus refrigeration capacity of the ejector chiller exceeding current heat loads is generated which can be used for covering an increased heat loads on the air cooler and to reduce the refrigeration capacity of the ejector chiller applied. To solve this task the refrigeration capacity required for gas turbine unit intake air cooling are compared with the surplus refrigeration capacity of the ejector chiller exceeding current heat loads summarized during some time period.The system of two-stage gas turbine unit intake air cooling of combined type with a buster water stage of precooling air to the temperature of about 15 °C and refrigerant stage of further deep cooling air to the temperature of about 10 °C by refrigerant ejector chiller as the low temperature cooling stage has been proposed. The water for a buster stage of precooling air is cooled by using the surplus refrigeration capacity of the ejector chiller during decreased heat loads on the two-stage gas turbine unit intake air cooler and is collected in the thermal accumulator for the use during increased heat loads on the air cooler. The results of gas turbine unit intake air cooling processes simulation proved the reduction of refrigeration capacity of the ejector chiller applied by 30-40 % due to the use of a buster water stage of precooling air at the expanse of the surplus ejector chiller refrigeration capacity served in the thermal accumulator. So the main conclusion has been made about the efficient use of such a two-stage air cooling of combined type with a buster water stage of precooling air by surplus refrigeration capacity from the thermal accumulator and refrigerant stage for further deep cooling air to the temperature of about 10 °C and lower by a refrigerant chiller as the low temperature cooling stage as a perspective approach in refrigeration.


In this paper we set up an oligopolistic market model, where firms invest in pollution abatement in order to increase the whole market size via an increase in the consumers' reservation price. Moreover, we suppose that the demand function is not a linear one and the resulting game is not a usual linear quadratic one. In the considered model we investigate the open loop, the memory less closed-loop and the collusive patterns equilibrium. Additionally, we examine the social planning perspective. In the case of a convex demand we found the surprising result that the control and state variables have higher values in the open-loop steady state equilibrium than in the closed loop, while in a linear demand case the equilibrium is undetermined. In all cases we find that only if the market demand has concave curvature are the conclusions clear. A number of propositions and remarks are provided.


This paper propose a novel control strategy for grid connected VSC with LCL filters by using Fuel cell and PV cell . The proposed control strategy is inherently capable of attenuating the resonance phenomenon of such systems. This is an advantage over the existing methods which require additional damping techniques. Moreover the proposed vector control strategy is able to fully decouple the direct (d) and quadrature (q) components of the current in a rotating reference frame. The design procedure comprises a constrained optimization-based loop shaping. It utilizes the multiinput multi-output (MIMO) nonparametric model of the system along with a high-order linearly parameterized MIMO controller to form an open-loop transfer function matrix. Minimizing the second norm of the error between the open-loop transfer function matrix and a desired one the coefficients of the controller are optimally determined. Conducting several reference tracking scenarios the performance of the proposed vector controller is evaluated both by means of time domain simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results. Index Terms Convex optimization damping distributed generation high-order controller LCL-filter loop shaping micro grid resonance vector control voltage-source converter (VSC) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


This essay offers a cultural-historical exploration of the significance of the Japanese artist Mariko Mori (b. 1967) and her emergence as an international art star in the 1990s. After her New York gallery debut show in 1995, in which she exhibited what would later become known as her Made in Japan series- billboard-sized color photographs of herself striking poses in various "cute," video-game avatar-like futuristic costumes-Mori quickly rose to stardom and became the poster child for a globalizing Japan at the end of the twentieth century. I argue that her Made in Japan series was created (in Japan) and received (in the Western-dominated art world) at a very specific moment in history, when contemporary Japanese art and popular culture had just begun to rise to international attention as emblematic and constitutive of Japan's soft power. While most of the major writings on the series were published in the late 1990s, problematically the Western part of this criticism reveals a nascent and quite uneven understanding of the contemporary Japanese cultural references that Mori was making and using. I will examine this reception, and offer a counter-interpretation, analyzing the relationship between Mori's Made in Japan photographs and Japanese pop culture, particularly by discussing the Japanese mass cultural aesthetic of kawaii ("cute") in Mori's art and persona. In so doing, I proffer an analogy between Mori and popular Japanimation characters, especially Sailor Moon. To further argue for a correlation between contemporary Japanese art and pop culture trends, I will explain how the rise of Takashi Murakami (b. 1962) following Mori's heyday in the 1990s, embodies the shift of Japan's global image from "cute" to the "cool" dreamland of commodity culture.


This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in two different regions: Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The main findings of our analysis suggest that FDI has a positive effect on growth only in EU accession countries while the effect of FDI on growth in MENA and non-EU accession countries is negative. Candidacy to EU membership is considered as a driving force for stronger commitment and more serious reforms that may have led to the positive effect of FDI on growth.


There is a need to reduce carbon-based energy and replace it with clean energy in order to counteract the negative effects of climate change. The increase in renewable energy sources may result in savings and the increasing cost of maintaining carbon-based energy. Worldwide involvement is required. The fulfillment of conditions by individual states does not solve the problem. The COVID-19 pandemic has slowed economic growth. It turns out that economic growth is not always associated with increased investments in RES (existing or emerging new clean energy points). We have a new epidemiological threat—Delta—which could become large. This will not improve the situation. Germany is an exemplary country for benchmarking in the field of renewable energy. The worrying fact is that Poland, despite economic growth, does not achieve an even growth in RES. Each of us is required to be involved, to be open to innovation and to act in accordance with the energy policy of the European Union. Basic management functions (planning, organizing, motivating and controlling) are also essential. Failure to meet the demands of the energy policy should be thoroughly verified and consequences should be drawn in order to involve the whole world. The authors thoroughly analyzed many factors that have a significant impact on the success in stopping climate change and increasing RES. With the increase in energy demand, renewable energy is introduced to a greater extent. Additionally, coal energy will be more expensive to maintain. The more RES, the more expensive the energy obtained from mine sources. The investment is an opportunity to meet the demands of RES, but investors are currently only interested in investing in renewable energy in highly developed countries. The decision-making process regarding the implementation of renewable energy sources not only consists in a radical decision to introduce changes, but also in the fulfillment of a number of assumptions regarding the energy policy controlled by the authorities of a given state as part of this action. There is a risk (fear) in underdeveloped countries that they will not be able to finalize this project, either due to the lack of investor interest or the lack of real opportunities due to the failure to meet the guidelines of the energy policy of a given country. It is advisable that state governments facilitate the process as much as possible so that even less developed countries could take advantage of this postulate.


Objctive To explore the health outcomes of the diference rehabilitation intervention in schizophrenia outpatients.Methods 140 outpatients with stable Schizophrenia,who were given of antipsychotic drugs were randomly divided into comprehensive intervention group and control group,typical and atypical antipsychotics group.All patient were evaluted with Wisconsin card sort test(WCST),Continuous performance test(CPT),Wechsler adult intelligence scal(WAIS-RC)and the frequency of relapse.in 18 months follow-up study.Results At the 18 months following point,the frequency of relapse of patients in control group(42.9%)than Comprehensive intervention group(18.6%)was higher(P0.01),typical antipsychotics(44.0%)than atypical antipsychotics group(23.3%)was higher(P0.05).The WCST,CPT,WAIS-RC in Comprehensive intervention group than control group,atypical antipsychotics than typical antipsychotics group was better(P0.05 and P0.01) With last observation carried forward(LOCF).Conclusion Comprehensive intervention and atypical antipsychotics contribute to the improvement of social function and the reducing relapse of Schizophrenia outpatients.


The levels of OCPs and DL-PCBs in the atmospheric particulates of Xining city and Tianjun county in Qinghai province were determined. DDTs and HCHs were the main component of OCPs in the atmospheric particulates. The average levels of DDTs and HCHs in the atmospheric particulates of Xining city were 35 pg x m(-3) and 5.9 pg x m(-3) in summer and 93 pg x m(-3) and 11 pg x m(-3) in winter, respectively. In Tianjun county, they were 83 pg x m(-3) and 6.4 pg x m(-3) in summer and 28 pg x m(-3) and 6.7 pg x m(-3) in winter, respectively. Compared with other Asian areas, the average levels of them in Qinghai province were lower. Meanwhile, the average levels of DL-PCBs in Xining city were 0.52 pg x m(-3) in summer and 0.99 pg x m(-3) in winter, respectively, and in Tianjun county were 0.58 pg x m(-3) in summer and 0.52 pg x m(-3) in winter, respectively. The average levels of OCPs in summer and winter of Xining city were higher than those in Tianjun county, but the average levels of DL-PCBs in two cities were similar. Compared with the polar region, the distribution principles of DL-PCBs in the plateau area were certainly similar, while HCHs and DDTs were different.


This study proposes a new deterministic off-line identification method that obtains a state-space model using input and output data with steady state values. This method comprises two methods: zeroing the 0 » N -tuple integral values of the output error of single-input single-output transfer function model [1] and Ho-Kalman's method [2]. Herein, we present a new method to derive a matrix similar to the Hankel matrix using multi-input and multi-output data with steady state values. State space matrices A, B, C and D are derived from the matrix by the method shown in reference [2]. This method's utility is that the derived state-space model is emphasized in the low frequency range under certain conditions. Numerical simulations of multi-input multi-output system identification are illustrated.


In-premise marketing is commonly used to promote foods that are high in fat, sugar or salt. In order to inform development of public policy in this area, this systematic review sought to determine the quantity and quality of English-language evidence which examines the role and impact of in-premise advertising (e.g., signage, posters) and positional promotions (e.g., checkout displays) on consumer behaviour and diet-related outcomes in retail, out-of-home (i.e., cafes, restaurants, takeaways) and online purchasing environments. Sixty-two studies met inclusion criteria, of which 69% (n=42) were identified as being methodologically weak. The best-available evidence constitutes findings from four methodologically strong studies, and ten moderate studies which are not confounded by additional promotions such as price or availability. These studies predominantly found evidence that in-premise marketing is likely to be successful in influencing consumer behaviour towards targeted items, across retail and out-of-home settings. These findings provide a basis for authorities to consider acting to restrict in-premise marketing of unhealthy foods and encouraging the in-premise marketing of healthier products. This review identified gaps in the evidence available on non-sales outcomes, and on online purchase environments. These gaps, and identified methodological limitations of the extant evidence remain to be addressed by future research.


significantly by long-term and low-dose treatment of 14memberedring macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin (EM), clarithromycin (CAM) and roxithromycin (RXM)3'4). Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of macrolide antibiotics include the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and lymphocytes. EM and azithromycin (AZM), a 15memberedring macrolide antibiotic that has clinical effect in the treatment of DPB, were shown to inhibit neutrophil functions in human peripheral blood of chemotaxis and active oxygen generation in vitro5\ EMwas also shown to exhibit a prophylactic effect on lung injury in vivo by using a bleomycin-induced acute lung injury model in rats6). Previously, we discovered a strong gastrointestinal


For a long time geographers have been interested in ftnding out the relationship between man and his environment. The present study on the impact of salinity in Sundarban delta shows the relationship between man and his environment. Soil salinity in West Bengal is mainly due to the inundation of tidal water in deltaic zone. The reclamation of these soils by removing soluble salts is a major management aspect. For management of salinity either the soils need drainage or by leading to maintain formerly salt balance in the soil profile. The saline soils of Sundarbans are responsible for the high plant mortality and often produce white salt crusts on the soil surface. The salinity of soil changes with the season. The present work on the effect of saline water on cultivable land of Sundarbans of South 24-Paraganas of West Bengal provides an interesting study, primarily from the population geographic point of view. Beginning from the geographical setting and occupational diversifications of the area the study includes the interpretation and analysis of the distribution, growth and size, their demographic and occupational characteristics. For a long time geographers have been interested in finding out the relationship between man and his environment. The present study on the impact of salinity in Sundarban delta shows the relationship between man and his environment. In India we find 6100 kilometres long coastline and this length covers an area of 3.1 million hectares. It includes the coastal tracts of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Goa. This coastal tracts have 0.57 million hectares of salt affected area (Yadav, 1983). Soil salinity in West Bengal is mainly due to the inundation of tidal water in deltaic zone. The reclamation of these soils by removing soluble salts is a major management aspect. For management of salinity either the * The author is associated with the Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata. IMPACT OF SALINITY ON SUNDARBANS 63 soils need drainage or by leading to maintain formerly salt balance in the soil profile. In West Bengal, 2.8 per cent, 1.5 per cent and 95.7 per cent of land falls under the category of very strong salinity, modern salinity and others respectively. A. K. Bandyopadhyay et. al. (1988) had shown that the coastal saline soils in West Bengal are mainly concentrated in Sundarbans. He had also shown that out of the total saline soil area (0.82 million hectares) in West Bengal about 0.35 million hectares area is situated in South 24-Paraganas district, 0.26 million hectares in Midnapore, 0.15 million hectares in North 24Paraganas and 0.06 million hectares in Howrah district. In Sundarban area various scientists of different disciplines have studied on salinity and its effect on cultivated area. A few of these studies have been mentioned below from the available literatures. (Yadav et. al. 1981) had shown that the fresh water table in Sundarbans is mostly present in saline water with high salt contents of sodium and calcium. These salt contents move along with water to the upper layer by evaporation during dry season. At the time of monsoon, most of the halophytic floras of this area are washed by marine water (spring tide washing) and not by brackish water (Blasco, 1975). In Sundarbans fish and rice are cultivated simultaneously and these integrated cultural practices give the production of fish and prawn and it is counted as 1700 kg. per hectare per year with an employment generation for that rural area about 420 man days per hectare per year (Natarajan, 1983). He also mentioned that, since the river water was saline and electrical conductivity ranges between 4-35 mm. hec. I em. the gray mullets belonging to the family Mugildoe are distributed throughout the mangrove swamps of the Sunderbans. These mullets in the juvenile stage migrate to the mangrove water in a massive scale for food and shelter (Luther, 1973). Jingran in 1982 had shown that, the adult mullets migrate towards the bay to be produced as young. Mullets and tiger shrimps are the most important fishes which are cultured in Sundarbans estuaries. These fishes are cultured in 2,500 small to large sized brackish water fisheries (Ghosh, 1980). Ghosh, et. al. 1985) proposed the 'package of practices for increasing paddy and fish production' through rice-cum-fish farming system. The rice-cum-fish culture practice is not much practised by the farms of these areas. The common fishes, cultured in rice-cum-fish areas are: Pundi (Barbus sp.), Chala (Oxygasler sp.), Mowa (Ambhpharynogodon mola), Kholsa (Calisa sp.), Dahuni (Rasbora sp.), Boyal (Wallago sp.), Bhetki (Lates calcarifer), etc. The surface water evaporates and leaves only the salt molecules on the soil surface, which are accumulated in tonic amount for plant growth (Chattopadhyay et. al. 1983). Bandyopadhyay et. al. (1982) had shown the relative efficiency of different crops relations in controlling soil salinity. Again in 1988, they studied on the 64 THE ORIENTAL ANTHROPOLOGIST problem of salinity in Sundarbans area which decreases mainly due to the washing of salts with the on set of monsoon. He had also shown that during the growth of rice 30 per cent of the area still remains saline. From the foregoing short review of available literatures of salinity of Sundarbans area it has been observed that almost all the works have been done from the perspective of other disciplines. So, there is a wide scope of doing geographic research work on this area, on the effect of saline water, in cultivated land. Keeping this in mind, the present study has been taken into consideration. The exotic southern most part of the Gangetic delta is commonly known as Sundarbans. This deltaic region is the outcome of various tidal channels, river creeks, siltation, salanization, islands and mangrove trees.lt lies between 21 °32' to 22°40' North latitude and 88°05' to 89° 0' East longitude. This part of 24-Paraganas district occupies approximately 0.8 million hectares of earth's surface. The study in man and his environment assumes its great significance. At present all the factors of socio-economic and physical environments are closely related with the population studies which give the geographic significance to the study area. Therefore, without studying the character of the environment and the socio-economic status of the human life in this sphere, the developmental programme could not be meaningfully conceived of. It is also applicable in saline effected area of Sundarbans. Scientists believe that, during the early part of the history when the seas were initially formed much of the salt was mixed with water. Apart from this it may be mentioned that every year the rivers also bring some quantities of salt to the sea which is responsible for increasing of sea salt every year. This state of saltiness of seawater is called salinity. From the chemical analysis it is observed that every 1000 grns. of sea water contain nearly 35 gms. of salt. The analysis also shows that 27 per cent of sodium chloride is also available in seawater. Since the salinity is not equal everywhere, so the variation of salinity depends mainly on two factors. These factors are: (i) Amount of evaporation of sea water, and (ii) Supply of fresh water by rivers, rainfall, melting of ice, etc. Further, the occupational changes may be occurred by the effect of natural phenomena. In this study occupational changes have been studied on the basis of the survey made during the fieldwork on the saline affected area in


Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) are endemic to the Indian subcontinent and frequently come into conflict with human. Both in Rajauli Wildlife Sanctuary (RWLS) and Kauwkol Forest Range (KFR), sand mining operations create heavy noise during the summer for stone crushing which could be the cause of disturbance in the sloth bear territory and sloth bear attacks during the summer and winter. During the study period of 2016 to 2018, a total of 16 sloth bear attacks were incidently reported in various ranges of NFD. There was a marked seasonal variation in human casualties by sloth bear in the study area. Out of 16 cases, highest number of casualties were observed in monsoon (n=8, 50%) as compared to casualties in Summer (n=5, 31.25%) and winter (n=3, 18.75%) season. Most of the attacks were reported during 4.01-8.00 hours (n=6, 37.5%), followed by incidences occurred during evening time, 16.01-20.00 hours (n=4, 25%), 8.01-12.00 hrs (n=3, 18.75%) and 12.01-16.00 (n=2, 12.5%). Moreover, males (n=10) were shown to have a 62 percent attack rate compared to females (n=6; 38 percent). The data also shows that the frequency of attacks on victims engaged in various activities were related to their intensity of usage of specific habitats. It is reported that highest incidences of HSBC occurred when the victims were engaged in NTFP collection (37.5%), followed by victims engaged in walking (25%), farming (18.75%), defection (12.5%) and cattle grazing (6.25%) activities. We recommend education programs among the people to reduce human injury through mitigation techniques.


Abstract : Basic principles of fracture mechanics were applied to the investigation of cyclic flaw growth characteristics of Ladish D6A-C steel, tested at room temperature; 6Al-4V titanium, tested at -320 F; and 18Ni(300) maraging steel, tested at room temperature using uniaxially loaded, preflawed (fatigue cracked) test specimens. Applicability of such data to prediction of the cyclic life span of biaxially loaded pressure vessels has been verified by testing six 17-inchdiameter, preflawed Ladish D6A-C test tanks. A brief discussion of technical background illustrates the experimental approach and the significance of resulting test data. A method for utilization of NDT inspection and proof-pressure testing in conjunction with the cyclic flaw growth data for design purposes is also presented.


This paper presents dynamic performance of a three-phase self-excited series connected synchronous generator (SESCSG) supplying an induction motor load. The SESCSG has its stator windings and the rotor windings connected in series with different phase sequence. The output frequency of this machine is independent of the connected load provided that the rotor speed is kept constant. The three-phase induction machine model is employed to derive the dynamic equations of the SESCSG feeding an induction motor. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory 1.1 kW induction machine driven by a DC motor and a 300 W induction motor load are also performed to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the analyzed results. The eigenvalue method is also employed to examine system characteristics when the induction motor load is suddenly connected to the terminals of the studied SESCSG. It can be concluded from the experimental and simulated results that the SESCSG cannot effectively startup the induction motor and the generated voltage of the SESCSG collapses.


Orthis personata, Zeill. Orthis vulvaria, Schl. Orthis circularis, Sow. Spirifer princevus, Stein. Spirifer subcuspidatus, Schnur. Spirifer cf. hystericus, Schl. Crinoid columnars, some very large, £ inch across. B.M., E 14062. The Lodanella, which was obtained by the last drive of the crowbar, is magnificent and quite equal to the type-specimen. It is hoped that these lists will stir up others to search for fossils in this interesting area. We are much indebted to Mr. G. C. Crick and Mr. W. D. Lang, who have most carefully examined and helped us with some of our material.


The Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Energy Systems), policy is to provide a safe and healthful workplace for all employees and subcontractors. The accomplishment of this policy requires that operations at Waste Area Grouping (WAG) 6 at the Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory are guided by an overall plan and consistent proactive approach to safety and health (S&H) issues. The plan is written to utilize past experience and best management practices to minimize hazards to human health or the environment from events such as fires, explosions, falls, mechanical hazards, or any unplanned release of hazardous or radioactive materials to air, soil, or surface water This plan explains additional site-specific health and safety requirements such as Site Specific Hazards Evaluation Addendums (SSHEAs) to the Site Safety and Health Plan which should be used in concert with this plan and existing established procedures.


In Oman, the economy is shifting from oil exportation to a diversified economy. Also, as the growing population is seeking for a better quality of life, the electricity demand is increasing. However, there is a decline of gas resources, mostly used in the electric power generation, and a need to participate in the world efforts to mitigate climate change. To cope with these issues, the government triggered renewable energy pilot projects in rural areas. To enhance the efficiency of such projects in rural Oman, a strategic techno-economic analysis of these projects is performed to assess the techno-economic feasibility of utilizing such renewable systems to support the existing diesel-based generation system in rural areas. Simulation results using HOMER 2.19 for different geographical rural areas in Oman indicate that the renewable systems can displace diesel generation significantly and the economical benefits of the resulting hybrid systems depended on load and renewable energy resources.


In order to do studies on properties of the luminescence in solid state,a new type of luminescence spec- trograph,BG2006,was designed.The idea is selected frequency and luminescence to make a multifunction equip- ment.Wavelength of the stimulating light source is adjustable so as to choose different wavelengths of the emitted photons.An irradiation system is designed for automatic irradiation with either alpha or beta ray.Experimental results obtained with the prototype spectrograph are given.


Therapeutic strategies aimed at correcting the defect of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ("CFTR-repair") constitute a new avenue towards the treatment of patients affected by Cystic Fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal monogenic disease in Caucasians. CF is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which codes for a 1480 amino-acid protein normally functioning as a chloride channel at apical membrane from epithelial cells (1). In the CFTR gene, more than 1900 mutations, most of which are disease-relevant, have been identified and then categorized in six different classes according to their functional impact (2). The phenotypic consequences of such genotypes comprise insufficiency of the exocrine pancreas, increased electrolytes in sweat, male infertility and—most prevalent—a debilitating and eventually lethal inflammation/infection-triggered respiratory dysfunction. Mutation-specific approaches are focusing on the identification of small molecules capable of correcting the deficient subcellular trafficking of the CFTR protein ("correctors": agents that ensure the expression of the mutated protein at the apical plasma membrane) or defective gating ("potentiators": agents that reinstate the channel function of mutated CFTR proteins that are orthotopically expressed).


Basics of Computers, Computing, and Programming History Hardware Central Processing Unit Memory Input/Output Devices Software Nature of Programming Programming Paradigms Imperative Programming Functional Programming Object-Oriented Programming Logic Programming Nature of Scala End of Chapter Material Summary of Concepts Exercises Projects Scala Basics Scala Tools Expressions, Types, and Basic Math Objects and Methods Other Basic Types Back to the Numbers Binary Arithmetic Negative Numbers in Binary Other Integer Types Octal and Hexadecimal Non-Integer Numbers The math Object Naming Values and Variables Patterns in Declarations Using Variables Details of Char and String Escape Characters Raw Strings String Interpolation String Methods Immutability of Strings Sequential Execution Comments A Tip for Learning to Program End of Chapter Material Problem Solving Approach Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Conditionals Motivating Example The if Expression Comparisons Boolean Logic Precedence Nesting ifs Bit-Wise Arithmetic End of Chapter Material Problem Solving Approach Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects Functions Motivating Example Function Refresher Making and Using Functions Problem Decomposition Function Literals/Lambda Expressions/Closure Side Effects Thinking about Function Execution type Declarations Putting It Together End of Chapter Material Problem Solving Approach Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects Recursion for Iteration Basics of Recursion Writing Recursive Functions User Input Abstraction Matching Bad Input, Exceptions, and the try/catch Expression Putting It Together Looking Ahead End of Chapter Material Problem Solving Approach Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects Arrays and Lists in Scala Making Arrays Using Arrays Lists Bigger Arrays and Lists with Fill and Tabulate Standard Methods Basic Methods Higher-Order Methods reduce and fold Combinatorial/Iterator Methods Complete Grades Script/Software Development Playing with Data Reading the Data Finding Maximum Values End of Chapter Material Problem Solving Approach Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects Type Basics and Argument Passing Scala API The Option Type Parametric Functions Subtyping Variable Length Argument Lists Mutability and Aliasing Basic Argument Passing Currying Pass-By-Name Multidimensional Arrays Classifying Bugs End of Chapter Material Problem Solving Approach Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects Loops while Loop do-while Loop for Loop Range Type yield if Guards Multiple Generators Patterns in for Loops Variable Declarations Multidimensional Sequences and for Loops Testing Putting It Together End of Chapter Material Problem Solving Approach Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects Text Files I/O Redirection Packages and import Statements Reading from Files Iterators String split Method Reading from Other Things Other Options (Java Based) Writing to File Appending to File Use Case: Simple Encryption Command Line Arguments Mapping a File Character Offset Alphabet Flip Key Word Putting It Together Primes and Real Cryptography End of Chapter Material Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects Case Classes User Defined Types case classes Making Objects Accessing Members Named and Default Arguments (Advanced) The copy Method case class Patterns Mutable classes Putting It Together End of Chapter Material Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects GUIs GUI Libraries and History First Steps Stages and Scenes Events and Handlers Controls Text Controls Button-like Controls Selection Controls Pickers TableView TreeView Menus and FileChooser Other Stuff Observables, Properties, and Bindings Numeric Properties and Bindings Conditional Bindings Layout and Panes scalafx.scene.layout Panes scalafx.scene.control Panes Putting It Together End of Chapter Material Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects Graphics and Advanced ScalaFX Shapes Path Elements Paint and Stroke Basic Keyboard, Mouse, and Touch Input Images Writing Images to File Transformations Animation Transitions Timelines AnimationTimer Canvas Settings Basic Fills and Strokes Building a Path Image Operations on Canvas A Canvas Based Game Effects Charts Media Web 3D Graphics Putting It Together End of Chapter Material Summary of Concepts Exercises Projects Sorting and Searching Basic Comparison Sorts Bubble Sort Selection Sort (Min/Max Sort) Insertion Sort Testing and Verifying Sorts Sort Visualization Order Analysis Shell Sort (Diminishing Gap Sort) Searching Sequential Search (Linear Search) Binary Search Sorting/Searching with case classes Sorting Lists Performance and Timing Putting It Together End of Chapter Material Summary of Concepts Exercises Projects XML Description of XML Tags Elements Attributes Content Special Characters Comments Overall Format Comparison to Flat File Flexibility in XML XML in Scala Loading XML Parsing XML Building XML Writing XML to File XML Patterns Putting It Together End of Chapter Material Summary of Concepts Self-Directed Study Exercises Projects Recursion Memory Layout Power of Recursion Fibonacci Numbers Towers of Hanoi Permutations Mazes Sorts Divide and Conquer Sorts Merge Sort Quicksort Putting It Together End of Chapter Material Summary of Concepts Exercises Projects Object-Orientation Basics of Object-Orientation Analysis and Design of a Bank Analysis and Design of Pac-Man (TM) Implementing OO in Scala Methods and Members Parameters as Members Visibility Special Methods Property Assignment Methods The apply Method this Keyword object Declarations Applications Introduction to Companion Objects Revisiting the API Implementing the Bank Example Implementing the Pac-Man (TM) Example End of Chapter Material Summary of Concepts Exercises Projects Wrapping Up What You Have Learned IDEs (Eclipse) Next Steps End of Chapter Material Exercises Appendix A Getting to Know the Tools Unix/Linux (includes Mac OS X) Command Line Files and Directories Aside Helpful Tips Permissions Compression/Archiving Remote Other Commands Redirection Text Editors (vi/vim) Windows Command Line Files and Directories Text Editors Edit Notepad Others Other Commands End of Appendix Material Summary of Concepts Exercises B Glossary Bibliography


The covered bond market is large in Sweden, and such bonds is one of the primary funding sources of Swedish banks. The covered bond market is thus of great significance to the Swedish financial system. This article consists of two parts. The first part describes what characterises a covered bond, how the Swedish market is structured and the financial infrastructure surrounding trade in covered bonds. Covered bonds are characterised by increased safety for the investor by a claim both on the issuer and on an underlying cover pool. In Sweden, this cover pool mainly consists of Swedish mortgages. The Swedish covered bond market features large bond issuances, frequent small on-tap issues and market makers who quote prices on the secondary and repo markets. The second part discusses links between the banks' use of covered bonds and financial stability. We demonstrate how the covered bond market is important to the major Swedish banks in terms of their funding and in their role of market makers. The banks are hence negatively affected when the market comes under stress, which occurred in connection with the global financial crisis that started in 2007. The use of covered bonds has the advantage of contributing to lower funding costs for the banks. As previously described by the Riksbank, the banks' extensive funding through covered bonds is however associated with certain weaknesses. Since the covered bonds finance mortgages with considerably longer maturities, a risk arises that the bank cannot roll-over its mortgage funding. This liquidity risk is even greater for the banking system as a whole, among other things due to that banks own each other's covered bonds. The government deposit guarantee scheme and expectations about authority actions can also contribute to market participants failing to sufficiently take into account the risks associated with covered bonds. Renewed stress on international capital markets and reduced confidence in Swedish covered bonds, for example due to a drop in domestic house prices are factors that could lead to a deterioration in the functioning of the market.


A multisite investigation of local school districts and states led to the formulation of five propositions that address the nature of competency testing reforms. Two propositions address the determination of standards and examine the extent to which such procedures are affected by political and practical considerations. Another pair of propositions center on implementation of such testing reforms; lopsided organizational activity and nominal attention to minority issues were witnessed at all five sites. In the final proposition, the authors assert that competency tests and standards function more as symbolic and political gestures than instrumental reforms. Five themes are discussed in support of this conclusion: the importance of the standard's image, the redundancy with preexisting standards, the loose coupling of test performance and decisions, the overemphasis on initial fail rates, and the striking contrast between early and late phases of competency testing reforms.


We offer a novel explanation for the use of relative performance evaluation (RPE) in CEO compensation contracts. Unlike traditional models, RPE in our setting is not used to reduce noise, but to offer competitive compensation for CEO talent. To avoid costly renegotiation, firms commit to meeting CEO future participation constraints through the use of RPE. In a competitive equilibrium, CEO compensation for talent does not simply depend on the CEO performance relative to the average industry performance. Rather, it is based on the entire distribution of talent in the industry (Sattinger, 1979, Tervio, 2003, 2008, Gabaix and Landier, 2008). This implies that RPE should take a more complex, non-linear form, and be based on the ranking of the CEO relative to peers. We also show that common industry shocks do not perturb the ranked-order relation. We empirically test the predictions of the model on a sample of CEO compensation contracts and find support for it. Our model helps explain why firms use RPE in a ranked-order form and why CEO compensation should positively depend on both CEO ranking relative to the industry and on average industry performance. We also empirically show why, in contrast to the prevailing practice, prior studies found weak evidence with respect to RPE. * An earlier version of this paper was circulated as "How is Relative Performance Evaluation Incorporated in CEO Compensation Contracts?" We thank David Aboody, Kerry Back, Kevin Crotty, Andrew Ellul (discussant), Gustavo Grullon, Ronen Israel, Ron Kaniel, Sébastien Michenaud, and Kevin Murphy for helpful discussions, and seminar participants at University of Amsterdam, IDC Herzliya, and the Bar Ilan University Ackerman conference on executive compensation for helpful comments and suggestions. All remaining errors are our own. 2 The apparent lack of relative performance evaluation (RPE) in CEO compensation contracts has attracted a lot of academic attention, and many studies have proposed explanations for that puzzle. For the most part, all these explanations hinge on the fact that RPE is the efficient way to elicit effort but that other considerations reduce its effectiveness. In this study we offer a novel explanation for the use of RPE. Our explanation is based on the fact that the CEO participation constraint depends on both industry conditions and on CEO perceived talent relative to the industry. To avoid costly renegotiation, firms commit to meeting CEO future participation constraints through the use of RPE. We show that relative performance arises naturally in this setting. RPE in our setting has a different purpose than in the traditional setting (e.g., Holmstrom, 1979, 1982, Holmstrom and Milgrom, 1987). It is not used to reduce noise, but to offer competitive compensation for CEO talent. This also implies that the way RPE is incorporated into the CEO contract should differ. In a competitive equilibrium, CEO compensation for talent does not simply depend on the CEO performance relative to the average industry performance. Rather, it is based on the entire distribution of talent in the industry (Sattinger, 1979, Tervio, 2003, 2008, Gabaix and Landier, 2008). Therefore, RPE takes a more complex, non-linear form, and depends on the ranking of the CEO relative to peers. This feature helps explain why RPE does exist in CEO compensation contracts but in a rather complex form – based on the ranking of the CEO relative to peers – and why prior studies have not found the use of RPE where in fact it has been used for many years. Our theoretical setting is similar to Oyer (2004). In his setting workers' reservation wage changes over time and it is costly for the firm to renegotiate with its workers. Confining himself to contracts that are solely based on firm performance, Oyer shows that option compensation is a second-best solution to meeting the reservation utility of the worker. We apply Oyer's insight to the case of CEOs and extend Oyer's framework in two important ways. First, we incorporate the possibility that CEO talent also affects her reservation wage. Second, we allow firms to contract on


This study examines the impact of a five-week mindfulness-based group on levels of anxiety in sixth grade students. Anxiety is a prevalent problem among children and adolescents. Research shows the need for early intervention for students dealing with anxiety (HirshfeldBecker & Biderman, 2002). Research suggests that mindfulness techniques are effective in decreasing anxiety in adolescents (Skorman Cicero, 2013; Semple et al., 2005; Napoli et al., 2015; Semple et al., 2010). Each group in this study included discussing the students' anxiety concerns and practicing new mindfulness exercises. The group curriculum focused on paying attention to thoughts and feelings without judgment. Results show a decrease in overall anxiety levels among group members. Students also reported positive feedback about the group. This study provided further evidence that teaching mindfulness to students in schools can have a positive impact. IMPACT OF MINDFULNESS ON ANXIETY 3 Introduction Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental health problems among children and adolescents, and research shows that it continues to be a growing concern (Muris & Broeren, 2009). According to Skorman (2013) one in five children will experience debilitating anxiety or depression in childhood. Moreover, children of parents who have major anxiety disorders are at increased risk of developing childhood anxiety disorders (Hirshfeld-Becker & Biderman, 2002). These children have a 35-40% rate of developing an anxiety disorder, compared with rates of 510% in children of parents without anxiety disorders (Hirshfeld-Becker & Biderman, 2002). The anxiety that these children face can have impairments on several life domains. Children who suffer from anxiety have more difficulty with social and academic functioning and are more likely to develop mental health issues as adults (Hirshfeld-Becker & Biderman, 2002). For example, children who have social phobia or separation anxiety may be at risk for school avoidance or failure as well as impaired social interactions. These children may be also at risk for developing major depression and alcohol abuse in the future (Skorman Cicero, 2013; Mian, Eisenhower, & Carter, 2015). According to Hirshfeld-Becker & Biderman (2002) anxiety disorders in children often present with comorbid major depression and disruptive behavior disorders, leading to even more impairment and risk for poor consequences. These negative affects can have a long-lasting impact on adulthood. Childhood anxiety disorders persist through adulthood if untreated (Mian, Eisenhower, & Carter, 2015; Hirshfeld-Becker & Biderman, 2002; Duchesne, Vitaro, Larose, & Tremblay, 2008). Research has shown that those who suffer from adulthood anxiety disorders typically experienced childhood anxiety (Hirshfeld-Becker & Biderman, 2002). According to HirshfeldBecker & Biderman (2002) adult patients with panic disorder reported high rates of childhood IMPACT OF MINDFULNESS ON ANXIETY 4 separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. Furthermore, a study of adolescents who were followed to early adulthood found that anxiety disorders during adolescence presented a strong risk for chronic anxiety disorders during young adulthood (Hirshfeld-Becker & Biderman, 2002). There is an overall increased risk for adulthood anxiety if anxiety symptoms are present during middle adolescence, especially if left untreated (Duchesne et al., 2008). Early treatment for children experiencing anxiety is imperative. Research shows the need for early intervention for students dealing with anxiety (Hirshfeld-Becker & Biderman, 2002). A growing body of research suggests that mindfulness techniques are effective in decreasing anxiety in adolescents (Skorman Cicero, 2013; Semple et al., 2005; Napoli et al., 2015; Semple et al., 2010). Mindfulness is often defined as, "paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally" (KabatZinn, 1994, p. 4). Mindfulness allows for increased self-awareness while focusing on acceptance (Snyder, Shapiro, & Trevaven, 2012). Mindfulness highlights acknowledgment of thoughts and feelings without immediate or habitual reactions (Skorman Cicero, 2013). Not only can practicing mindfulness change emotional and behavioral patterns, neuroscience has documented that mindfulness practices can alter the circuitry of the brain (Siegel, 2007). Overall, practicing mindfulness can teach students to acknowledge anxious feelings, become aware of maladaptive thoughts, reduce avoidant behaviors, and self-monitor one's coping strategies (Semple, Reid, & Miller, 2005). Mindfulness will teach students to have more of an accepting relationship with one's thoughts (Semple et al., 2005). The purpose of this research study is to examine the impact of a five-week mindfulnessbased group on levels of anxiety in sixth grade students. This study aims to answer the following question: What impact will a five-week mindfulness-based group have on levels of anxiety in IMPACT OF MINDFULNESS ON ANXIETY 5 sixth grade students? This paper will examine the existing literature on anxiety disorders, anxiety in children and adolescents, and mindfulness. Literature Review Existing research suggests that youth with anxiety disorders suffer considerable functional impairment and are at risk for poor outcomes if untreated (Kendall et al., 2016). Studies have shown that mindfulness-based interventions are effective at reducing anxiety and stress in a range of patient populations (Hoge et al., 2015). The review of the literature first defines anxiety and explores the impact of anxiety disorders on the population as a whole. Secondly, it explores anxiety in children and adolescents and addresses risk factors, impact of anxiety on academic performance, and impact of anxiety on social functioning. Lastly, the concept of mindfulness is introduced and explored through mindfulness and neuroscience, mindfulness with children and adolescents, and mindfulness interventions for children and adolescents with anxiety. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders comprise of disorders that all have excessive fear and anxiety and other behavioral disturbances as diagnostic criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Anxiety can be defined as "a mood state characterized by strong negative emotion in response to threatening life events or situations, either real or imagined" (Essau & Ollendick, 2012, p. 1). Anxiety is articulated through cognitive, physical, and behavioral response systems (Essau & Ollendick, 2012). Cognitively, a person views his or her experience as either dangerous or threatening. (Essau & Ollendick, 2012). Physically, the sympathetic nervous system is activated when one senses danger. Sympathetic nervous system activation mobilizes the body into action due to chemical and physical reactions (Essau & Ollendick, 2012). Behaviorally, one IMPACT OF MINDFULNESS ON ANXIETY 6 experiences the fight or flight response, including an inclination to get out of the situation (Essau & Ollendick, 2012). Behavioral responses can also present as foot tapping, nail biting, or fidgeting. Fearful experiences are then often avoided to prevent anxious thoughts and feelings (Essau & Ollendick, 2012). Avoiding situations perceived as frightening will only relieve anxiety symptoms momentarily. Temporary relief allows anxiety to perpetuate and cause problems in the future (Essau & Ollendick, 2012). When anxiety becomes persistent and excessive it can be classified as a disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Anxiety is the most common mental health disorder in the general population, with an early age onset (Kader Maideen et al., 2015). Globally, about 272.2 million people had an anxiety disorder in 2010 (Kader Maideen et al., 2015). Up to 20% of children and adolescents suffer from mental health issues, and anxiety and depression rank as the most prevalent and recurrent disorders (Cheng & Sun, 2015). Furthermore, females in particular are twice as likely to experience anxiety disorders compared to males (Kader Maideen et al., 2015). Anxiety is a normal response to stress; however, it can be categorized as a disorder when it becomes severe or starts to impair one's life functioning (Kader Maideen et al., 2015). According to American Psychiatric Association (2013) excessive anxiety and worry about numerous situations is the critical component of generalized anxiety disorder. The severity, length, or frequency of the anxiety and worry about an anticipated event is out of proportion to the actual probability of it occurring (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Individuals who experience this have difficulties keeping worried thoughts from interrupting their day-to-day functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Adults with a generalized anxiety disorder tend to worry excessively about work obligations, money, health, and family (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Children with generalized anxiety disorder often overly worry IMPACT OF MINDFULNESS ON ANXIETY 7 about their success (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Finally, research has shown that anxiety impacts every aspect of life, from physical health to mental health (Wood et al., 2003). The next section will discuss anxiety in children and adolescents. Anxiety in Children/Adolescents One of the most prevalent mental health problems among children and adolescents is anxiety disorders (Nail et al., 2015). Prevalence rates for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents vary from 3% to 20% (Rasing et al., 2013). Children and adolescents will most likely experience fear and anxiety in their lifetime that is developmentally appropriate. Depending on the child's cognitive development and threat interpretation, their anxiety may increase throughout the course of childhood and adolescence (Essau & Ollendick, 2012). Anxiety is the body's way of preparing for fight or flight (E


The article highlights the problems of the formation of external municipal financial control, in particular, analyzes the provisions of the legislation related to the option of transferring the relevant powers to the control and audit bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.


A major step in the cleanup of the damaged Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) plant was conducted in June and July of 1980. This step was the venting of radioactive gases, mostly Krypton 85 (Kr-85) from the TMI-2 reactor building. After a wait of more than 7 months from the time of submitting the request to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), GPU vented about 44,000 curies of Kr-85, about one curie of Tritium, and trace amounts of particulate activity. The venting was conducted from June 28 to July 11, without any major problems. The maximum integrated doses that were calculated for any given sector off-site were 4.5 mrem skin dose and 0.045 mrem whole body dose. Actual measured doses off-site were less than the maximum calculated doses.


Precise web tension measurement is critical for web handling and process control in roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing systems. Calculating web tension by using out-of-plane vibration measurement offers a contactless solution to tension measurement during the R2R process, which is suitable for situations where contacting web tension measurement sensors cannot be applied. In this paper, a real-time prediction of web tension based on contactless sensing of out-of-plane web vibration is presented for the first time. We design and test a fast frequency estimation algorithm, based on the Fourier series, which solves the frequency resolution problem currently existing in real-time applications when conventional FFT is applied. Our simulation results show that the proposed method has an accurate estimation of frequency under harmonics and white Gaussian noise based on few observed cycles. A R2R testbed was built for testing the real-time performance of the proposed algorithm including accuracy, robustness, and computation speed. The experimental results on the testbed show that the proposed method can predict the web tension with an error less than 10% for various tension values and track the tension changes within one analysis window of 50 ms.


Optimizing electronic assemblies for more powerful systems includes the usage of temperature-stable substrates with appropriate functionalization by e.g. printing technologies. Ceramic materials like alumina show very good thermal properties and can be printed using Fused Filament Fabrication. Thus, they can be utilized for 2D and 3D substrates in electronic assemblies. In printed electronics, adhesion of inks to substrates is a crucial issue and especially challenging on ceramic substrates. This work achieved a significant increase in adhesion, using a specifically modified silver-based ink with piezojet-printing, while maintaining good electrical resistance after furnace sintering. Adhesion is measured by pull-off testing, based on ISO 4624. By application of the methods described in this paper, ceramics could become a more viable option for use in functional electronic assemblies.


PHENOMENA OF FILTRATION INVERSION AND DEPTH EROSION OF TECHNOGENIC LOADED LOESS SLOPES I. Sadovenko, N. Derevyagina National Mining University prosp. K. Marksa, 19, Dnepropetrovsk, 49027, Ukraine. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Complement series of loess rocks was carried out to identify a mechanism of the rock restructuring in the process of filtration and to demonstrate qualitative nature of gravel and sludge evacuation as well as its metamorphosis under various conditions. The experiments, concerning filtration movement of water in a device of triaxial compression, make it possible to evaluate structure changes taking place during the process; besides, a method of erosion forming is identified. Series of filtration parameter tests has been carried out under the conditions of triaxial compression in the context of different load values and filtration directions; geostatic pressure has been within 250–300 KPa, and pressure gradient has been controlled by 20 kPa pressure in the sample. Identify prognostic boundaries for transformation of suffusion processes into erosion ones. Average values of particle removal as well as their granulometric composition for the Dnieper region loess soil (2,801 % of the sample weight) have been obtained.


Depression is the second major cause for years spent in disability and has a growing prevalence in adolescents. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has intensified the situation and limited in-person patient monitoring due to distancing measures. Recent advances in wearable devices have made it possible to record the rest/activity cycle remotely with high precision and in real-world contexts. We aim to use machine learning methods to predict an individual's mental health based on wearable-measured sleep and physical activity. Predicting an impending mental health crisis of an adolescent allows for prompt intervention, detection of depression onset or its recursion, and remote monitoring. To achieve this goal, we train three primary forecasting models; linear regression, random forest, and light gradient boosted machine (LightGBM); and two deep learning models; block recurrent neural network (block RNN) and temporal convolutional network (TCN); on Actigraph measurements to forecast mental health in terms of depression, anxiety, sleepiness, stress, sleep quality, and behavioral problems. Our models achieve a high forecasting performance, the random forest being the winner to reach an accuracy of 98% for forecasting the trait anxiety. We perform extensive experiments to evaluate the models' performance in accuracy, generalization, and feature utilization, using a naive forecaster as the baseline. Our analysis shows minimal mental health changes over two months, making the prediction task easily achievable. Due to these minimal changes in mental health, the models tend to primarily use the historical values of mental health evaluation instead of Actigraph features. At the time of this master thesis, the data acquisition step is still in progress. In future work, we plan to train the models on the complete dataset using a longer forecasting horizon to increase the level of mental health changes and perform transfer learning to compensate for the small dataset size. This interdisciplinary project demonstrates the opportunities and challenges in machine learning based prediction of mental health, paving the way toward using the same techniques to forecast other mental disorders such as internalizing disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. and improving the quality of life for individuals who have some mental disorder. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Paolo Favaro, Computer Vision Group University, of Bern Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. Leila Tarokh, Sleep and Development Lab, University of Bern Assistant: Chiara Fontanellaz-Castiglione, Sleep and Development Lab, University of Bern Assistant: Abdelhak Lemkhenter, Computer Vision Group, University of Bern


A signifi cant portion of the Earth's lithosphere is recycled into the deeper mantle, as required by mass balance considerations in orogenic environments. The two principal mechanisms for recycling are subduction at plate margins and delamination. Subduction is a well-understood process that is essential to the plate tectonic engine of planet Earth. Delamination, on the other hand, requires recycling via convective removal of the lower parts of the lithosphere, and is more diffi cult to detect. One chief argument for delamination comes from extreme shortening at continental convergent margins, which requires far thicker mantle lithospheres than observed (DeCelles et al., 2009). The second argument comes from the intermediate average composition of the continental crust (Rudnick, 1995), which requires a large ultramafi c complementary residue at the bottom of the continental crust; such a reservoir has not been identifi ed over large portions of continental areas. Delamination (Bird, 1979), convective removal, foundering, and lithospheric dripping are terms used for the process of detachment and sinking of the lower parts of the continental lithosphere other than those that may have been buried into the mantle via continental subduction. Most researchers using the term "delamination" refer to a density-driven process of foundering, and do not imply its original "peeling-off" signifi cance as defi ned by Bird (1979), which is closer to tectonic underplating in shallow subduction environments. Delamination is a form of vertical and spatially localized tectonics often generating amoeba-like or circular surface effects that are regional results of tectonomagmatic processes at convergent plate margins. Mantle delamination is the process of foundering of dense, unstable


This poster introduces a Moodle module oriented to include program animation activities using Jeliot 3. By installing it, teachers can easily define animation activities that students are requested to complete within the moodle environment.


After reading the letters from AAP President Zanga in the last two issues of AAP News , I am questioning my representation in the American Academy of Pediatrics. In May 1998, he addressed physician-assisted suicide, and in June he posed questions about U.S. violence as evidenced by the Jonesboro, Ark., shooting. I have found his comments to be specious, reactionary and far from representative of my own views. I announce myself as an AAP Fellow with pride. I depend on communications from its officers and experts to educate myself and to hone my own opinions. I was appalled to read that President Zanga considers physician-assisted suicide in any situation as comparable to Nazi atrocities. When in the next month he drew parallels between media violence and the lack of school prayer, I felt compelled to reply.


Congenital human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common cause of severe and permanent neurological injury in newborns. A meta-analysis concluded that congenital CMV infection occurs in approximately 0.65% of newborns in the United States [1]. The prevalence was similar when data from a prospective multicenter study was analyzed. This study of over 100,000 newborns identified congenital CMV infection in approximately 0.5% of all deliveries [2]. Of the 20 000– 30 000 infants born in the United States each year with congenital CMV, at least 10% will exhibit long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, including mental retardation, seizure disorders, cerebral palsy, microcephaly, and sensorineural hearing loss [3]. The burden on society elicited by congenital CMV is substantial, and strategies to prevent infections in women of childbearing age are urgently needed. CMV can infect the fetus either in the context of primary maternal infection during pregnancy, or following viral reactivation or reinfection in women already known to be CMV-seropositive prior to pregnancy. Transmission of virus to the developing fetus—even in the face of preconception immunity—can result in neurological sequelae. The likelihood of congenital CMV is directly proportional to the seroprevalence rates among women of childbearing age in the population being examined [4, 5]. Overall, as many as three-quarters of congenital CMV infections occur in women with preconception immunity [6], an observation that greatly complicates both the optimal anticipatory laboratory monitoring and clinical management strategies that should be employed during pregnancies at risk for vertical viral transmission. Irrespective of whether congenital transmission occurs in the context of primary or nonprimary maternal infection, the key (and unanswered) questions are: How do we predict which women are going to transmit CMV infection to the developing fetus; and how do we know which infants will have sequelae if transmission occurs? Unfortunately, the answers are unknown, largely because knowledge of the nature of the maternal immune response(s) required for protection against congenital CMV transmission remains incomplete. Protection clearly requires more than just immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against CMV. Immunologic parameters postulated to confer protection of the placenta and fetus include both innate (natural killer cell) and adaptive (CD4+ and CD8 T cell, virus-neutralizing, and high-avidity antibody) responses [7–9]. Virus-neutralizing antibody may not only need to target the immunodominant CMV glycoprotein B (gB), but also CMV proteins involved in epithelial and endothelial cell entry (the "pentameric complex" of glycoproteins gH/gL/UL128/130/131). Neutralizing antibodies may also need to confer cross-protection against reinfection with genetically divergent CMV strains. Some of the proposed immune responses implicated in prevention of transmission of CMV from mother to fetus are summarized in Table 1. An improved knowledge of what is required to protect the fetus against CMV infection is vital for development of an effective (but as-yet hypothetical) preconception vaccine [10]. Against this backdrop, 2 articles in the current issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases provide us with new insights into the maternal immune correlates of protection against transmission of CMV during pregnancy. In the study reported by Fornara and colleagues from Pavia, Italy, the evolution of CMV-specific T-cell immunity was examined in a group of 44 pregnant women with evidence of primary infection during pregnancy, and results were E D I T O R I A L C O M M E N T A R Y


This valve comprising a sleeve (5), a main valve (1) for opening or closing a sleeve of the throttle (5) further comprises an interference prevention hole (5a) formed on an outer periphery of the sleeve ( 5) and positioned at portions limit return paths of return fluid on the side of the main valve through the sleeve of the throttling device (5) and the return fluid on the side of the pilot valve (2) it passes through a fluid return path formed within the sleeve (5), thereby enabling to prevent the return fluid on the side of the main valve and the return fluid on the side of the pilot valve (2) come into direct collision when the return of fluid respectively are drained into the oil tank.


This paper deals with rotor position and speed estimation of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). Two reduced order observers, a disturbance observer and a nonlinear one, are considered. It is shown that under exact model assumption, the nonlinear observer converges in exponential way, while a residual estimation error appears when a disturbance observer is used. Therefore, uncertainties in the mechanical submodel are taken into account. Estimation error arises due to the mismatch model; bounds for this error are calculated in both observers. Finally, a comparison of the observers performances is presented.


Fabrication of tunnel pits on Al (100) by the electrochemical etching in an electrolyte containing Cl ions has been used for the widening of the surface area of Al foils in electrolytic capacitor. To maximize the capacitance of the electrolytic capacitors, the size and interval of the tunnel pits have to be optimized by considering the operating voltage. [1] We have previously reported that the sites of the tunnel pitting in Al can be controlled by using a masking film. [2, 3] In this process, the polymer mask formed on Al foil enabled the formation of highly ordered tunnels. In the present report, the fabrication of arrays of fine tunnel pits with high aspect ratio is described using the combined process of ink-jet printing and anodic etching of Al. Ink-jet printing has attracted considerable interest for preparing various types of functional devices owing to its advantages for making desirable patterns on a substrate in noncontact mode. The formation of fine pattern by the highresolution ink-jet printing and subsequent electrochemical etching of (100) Al generated the site-controlled ordered array of tunnel pits with high aspect ratio. In the experiment, the dot array of polymer resin was formed on (100) Al by ink-jet printing and transferred to the hole array structures of the oxide layer by anodization of Al and subsequent dissolution of polymer resin prior to anodic etching. After the deposition of a small amount of Cu, the electrochemical etching of Al was carried out in a HCl solution under a constant current condition. Figure 1 shows the SEM image of the tunnel pits after electrochemical etching, which were observed through the formation of the replica of tunnel pits with polymethylmethacrylate. The interval and size of the obtained pits were 5 and 3 μm, respectively. The depth of each tunnel was almost the same, and the average depth of the tunnel pits was 25 μm. The shape of the tunnel pits was quadrangular pyramidal. Such a change in the width of the tunnel pits is considerd to originate from the change in the size of the passivated area at the tip of the tunnel pits, depending on the concentrations of Al, Cl and H . 6] The process described in the present works will be applied to various types of functional devices, which require a fine structure with high aspect ratio besides its use in electric capacitors.


Nonrelativistic deuteron form factors have been calculated using the modified dispersion approach in which the electromagnetic form factors of the compound two-body system can be fully determined in the explicit quadrature form on the basis of the available information about the electromagnetic form factors and scattering data on particles forming the system. The relativization problems, the inclusion of meson exchange currents, and the consistency of the theoretical form factor description in the region of small momentum transfer q/sup 2/ with the constituent quark structure of hadrons which appears at large q/sup 2/, are discussed.


The Indonesian International Islamic University Depok Library Building Construction Project has area of 16495 m2. This library has 8 floors, which is located in the middle of the city. So, the mobilization of tools and materials become easier. The purpose of this study is to make project planning in terms of organizational structure, site layout, traffic management, strategy and implementation methods, quality, safety, occupational health and environment (K3L); Project Implementation Budget Plan and project scheduling. The data used are shop drawings, Work Plan and Conditions, and HSD Depok City 2020. Planning a project schedule using the Barchart method with the help of MS. Project 2016. This planning produces a line type organizational structure where the leaders and subordinates are in one line of command; Site Layout by using 1 unit tower crane; Traffic Management planning using a one gate system; The implementation strategy uses 2 zones; The implementation method uses Bottom Up, starting from zone 1 then proceed to zone 2 until the 8th floor; Quality plan based on the application of SOP (Standard Operating Procedure); The HSE plan includes hazard identification, an HSE equipment plan, and an HSE implementation schedule; The project duration plan is 43 weeks, and the Implementation Budget Plan is Rp. 151,141,347,875.


List of illustrations Glossary Acknowledgment Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. How Waste Management is Organised Chapter 3. What can be Recycled? Chapter 4. Waste Management Options Chapter 5. Collection Options for Recycling Chapter 6. The Separation of Recyclable Materials Chapter 7. How Recyclable Materials are Reprocessed Chapter 8. The Markets for Recyclable Materials Chapter 9. The Costs of Recycling Chapter I0. Measuring Recycling Performance Chapter 11. Packaging and Packaging Waste Chapter 12. The Future Development of Recycling in the UK References Index


This thesis makes the international comparison and analysis on the tax preference policy for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and proposes that China should improve its tax preference policy for FDI by adopting multi-mode, industry-oriented tax preference policy, and adjusting the applicable rules of its regional tax preference and unifying the income tax of foreign and home enterprises, while keeping the stability and continuity of the current policy.


More and more explosion incidents are broadcast on the news, that occur in crowded streets or in facilities, where dozens of people are injured or killed. So how could an attack like this be prevented? The author summarizes briefly all the strategies and countermeasures in this article that have to be included in the security plan of a facility or a group of facilities.


The objects of infrastructure of 73 settlements in territory of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic are polluted by invasive elements of helminths and Protozoa and represent danger to infection by parasitosis the people. The basic ways of pol-lution of ground, water and vegetation by eggs and helminths larvae in conditions of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic are contaminated sewage, ground, excrements of people and animals


Based on the characteristics of sedimentation,geochemistry,structure evolution and hydrocarbon generation,we compared Carboniferous Barnett Formation shale(BFS) in Forth Worth Basin(United States)with Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale(LFS) in Sichuan Basin(China).There are good shale gas exploring prospects of LFS in Sichuan basin,especially in southern parts.Two sets of source rocks are the similar depositional environments,thickness,korogen types(Ⅰ~Ⅱ1)and hydrocarbon generation processes.But Barnett shale are much richer TOC content(3~13%),brittle minerals and micropores more development;Longmaxi Formation shale are relatively deeper burial depth(commonly 2000~4000m),richer clay mineral content,higher thermal maturity(generally Ro2%),larger amplitude uplift and quick rising rates(3000m/80Ma).


The synergistic use of the measurements carried out using active and passive techniques represent a powerful solution to fully exploit the capabilities of each remote sensing techniques and to contemporarily overrun its main limitations. The ground-based facility operational at the CNR-IMAA for the study of the atmosphere is an optimal site where testing possible synergies between active and passive techniques for improving the profiling capabilities of atmospheric key variables, such as aerosol, water vapor and clouds. The combination of the measurements provided by a lidar and a passive sensor is a particularly promising approach because it puts together the high-resolution measurements obtained using a lidar and the operational capabilities typical of passive sensors. In particular, the combination of the Raman lidar and sunphotometry measurements allows to describe the aerosol optical and microphysical properties, supporting the lidar retrievals during daytime and in presence of thick clouds. Moreover, the use of Raman lidar and microwave measurements, integrated using an approach based on the Kalman filter, is an optimal way to provide high-resolution measurements of the tropospheric water vapor in nearly all weather conditions. A strong improvement in the supercooled liquid water retrieval, obtained through the inversion of the microwave brightness temperature, is also achievable using the cloud base height information retrieved using the lidar backscattering ratio profile to constrain the microwave retrieval.