Grid as a new emerging technology has been concerned.However,grid programming still is a difficult task.A number of shortcomings is pointed out on the existence of grid programming.Different types of grid programming method and supporting tools for grid are introduced.In addition,comparison and comments on each of the programming environments is also investigated.Lastly,the future development trends for the grid programming are summarized.


Poviliana dayubiikii Delorme sp. nov. and Poviliana montrouzieri Delorme sp. nov. are described from New Caledonia. They are respectively found in mid altitude rain forest on Mont Panié (570 m) and Col des Roussettes (300 m). Male calling songs of the two new species are described from the field recordings. A key to the species of Poviliana is also provided.


Conclusions: Four RCTs and a quasi-experimental study indicate that some interventions can enhance SSE activity and so are more likely to aid early detection of skin cancer, however, the actual clinical impact remains unclear and this is based on overall weak study (evidence) quality.


AbstractMany studies have investigated easy methods to design drip laterals, as well as the best resistance equation to use, which is fundamental to accurately account for friction losses. This pap...


In this paper we formally study the unpredictability of meas urements of complementary observables, in quantum and classical mechanics. To do so, we extend a formal mode l of unpredictability we previously developed to allow for more nuanced, relativised notions of unpredict ability, as needed for this purpose. This model of relativised unpredictability is, for instance, also well s uited to the study of finite-time unpredictability in chaoti c systems. We use this model to show that complementarity implies only a form of relative unpredictable: measurements of complementary observables are unpredictable for an obse rver unable to measure properties of a system complementary to those known for the system. However, in contra st o measurements of quantum value indefinite observables, these measurement outcomes need not be absolu tely unpredictable. We further discuss the relationship between relative unpre dictability and computability, and show that complementarity, again in contrast to value indefiniteness, do es not guarantee incomputability—an algorithmic form of unpredictability: sequences generated by measurements of complementary observables can be computable. Finally we discuss the use of complementarity in certifying quantum randomness, arguing that it is, by itself, a fairly weak property which is unable to provide the certific ation that quantum value indefiniteness, via the Kochen-Specker theorem, can.


We carried out 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the convective and magnetic structure in the surface layers (uppermost part of the convection zone and photosphere) of main-sequence stars of spectral types F3 to M2. The simulation results were analyzed in terms of sizes and properties of the convection cells (granules) and magnetic flux concentrations as well as velocity, pressure, density, and temperature profiles.
Our numerical simulations show for the first time a qualitative difference in the magneto-convection between solar-like stars and M dwarfs. Owing to higher surface gravity, lower opacity (resulting in higher density at optical depth unity), and more stable downflows, small-scale magnetic structures concentrate into pore-like configurations of reduced intensity. This implies that in very cool stars magnetic surface structures like plage regions and starspots significantly differ from the solar example. Such a difference would have major impact on the interpretation of Doppler imaging data and the analysis of M dwarf spectra.


The idea of complex formal derivatives is generalized from scalar to vector and matrix at first, then the manipulation rules of complex formal derivatives are derived systematically. As a mathematical tool, it is useful in the study of certain theory and numerical method in electrical engineering problems.


NOis recognized as abiologicalmessenger inplants. It is a highly reactive gaseous free radical, soluble in water and lipid. It can be synthesized in plants via different enzymaticandnonenzymatic sourcessuchasNOS,NR,XOR,andNi-NOR.Due to its high lipophilic nature, it can easily diffuse throughmembrane and can act as a interand intracellular messenger and regulate diverse physiological and biochemical processes in plants in a concentration-dependent manner, such as seed dormancy, growth and development, senescence, respiration, photosynthesis, programmed cell death, antioxidant defense system, and so on. Moreover, NO alsohas an ability to act simultaneouslywith othermolecules and signals in plants. This chapter covers the advances in chemical properties and mechanism of its biosynthesis with special emphasis on the role of NO in the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in plants under normal conditions due to the exogenously applied or endogenously produced NO, along with the cross talk between NO and other phytohormones.


Abstract: To boost immunity can do aerobic exercise and adequate rest. Mild aerobic exercise for 30 minutes is able to activate the white blood cells work. Ideally aerobic exercise is 30 minutes five times a week. Excessive exercise would likely lead to depressed immunity. The Aerobic exercise in adolescents based research can improve the adaptation autonomic control of the heart of adolescent males - males significantly after aerobic exercise three weeks, is characterized by increased heart rate fast at the beginning or the first 10 seconds exercise (adaptation parasympathetic) and increased heart rate slow during exercise Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is one of the cytokines that play a major role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. This study aims to determine whether there is difference in the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Total Eosinophils after mild and moderate aerobic exercise in adolescent research using observational study. Samples of blood plasma derived from venous blood of adolescents who do aerobic mild, moderate and control. Blood plasma is then measured with analytical techniques Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed by t-test (t test) is not paired with a = 0.05. Research shows that the average value of the levels of IL-4 and Number of Eosinophils in adolescents who do aerobic mild and moderate significantly different with teenagers who do not do aerobic (control) (p 0, 05) Kata-kata Kunci : Interleukin-4, Eosinofil, Latihan Aerobik Ringan dan Sedang


In order to improve the welfare of rural communities in Indonesia, development needs to be carried out in various aspects to catch up. Ministry of Rural as the ministry responsible for development in the village has socialized the program through website kemendesa.go.id. The website provides information about village priority programs, utilisation of village funds, village business entities, and village superior products. Studies conducted on the villages in the area of Bogor Regency conducted to see how the utilization of information resources from Ministry of Rural through the internet media. By interviewing officials from ten villages and observation of village infrastructure means that the information submitted by Ministry of Rural through the website kemendesa.go.id has not been well received by the village officials. Still needed support from the government especially the availability of facilities that support ease of internet access.


Following a decision of the Rubber Study Group at its fourth meeting, a Permanent Secretariat with headquarters in London was established by the Management Committee in 1947, with A. G. Pawson as secretary and W. G. G. Kellett as senior statistician. The secretariat's primary activity was to be to provide the Group with information on the statistical situation and general world economic conditions as related to rubber.


This study aims to look at the Critical Thinking Ability Through the Use of Active Sharing Knowledge Strategies in an effort to prepare the 21st century generation of Material Excretion Systems. This research was conducted in April-July 2018/2019 Academic Year, at the Riau Islamic University, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education in Biology Study Program. The sample of this study consisted of one class, the determination of the sample by using purposive sampling technique. This type of research is a survey research with a qualitative approach. The method used in this research is experiment, which aims to find out a symptom or effect that arises, as a result of the existence of certain treatments. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative data analysis techniques. The data obtained is the ability of students' critical thinking. The assessment of critical thinking abilities is carried out in accordance with the six indicators of critical thinking, namely: 1) Focus (focus), 2) Arguments (Reason), 3) Conclusions (inference), 4) Situation (Situation), 5) Clarity (Clarity), 6) Advanced Overview (Overview). The results showed that of the 17 critical thinking questions tested obtained a different presentation. 45% of the students' answers in the categories are very good and 55% are in the good categories. This proves that students' thinking on excretory material is good.


The goal of the present paper is to analyze the porosity in some powder metallurgy (P/M) alloys by two different methods, using the conventional method and by image processing analysis method. Quantitative image processing is a new and useful tool which is able to determine the pore size, pore size distribution and porosity of parts obtained by P/M route. One important and significant disadvantage of P/M processing is the presence of porosity due to their activity as crack initiators and due to their presence as the stress distribution in compacts is nonhomogeneous in the cross-section. Two atomized iron powders obtained by powder metallurgy with particles of different sizes (< 45, 45-63, 63-100, 100-150, >150 µm) are the based materials studied in this paper. The analyzed powders were subjected to uniaxial pressing with 500 MPa as the applied pressure. The compacts disc dimensions obtained are ϕ 8 × 6 mm in dimensions. The compacts were sintered in a laboratory furnace at a temperature of 1.120 °C. The sintering time was 60 and 90 minutes. The sintered specimens obtained were analyzed regarding their density, microstructure and porosity. Porosity of iron-based P/M materials was measured using the conventional and image processing technique. A correlation between the experimental and software data analysis could be established.


Land security was the base for sustainable land use and country security. Based on the analysis of the conception, meanings and objectives of land security, an indicator system for evaluating county-level land security was put forward, including 24 evaluating indicators. The comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis of land security for Jintan city in 1990, 1995 and 2000 were conducted, indicating that land resource in Jintan city was in an secure situation. The obstacles included indicators of purchasing power, water resource and land to be used for construction. The approach to and strategy for constructing land security were pointed out by taking Jintan city as a case in this article as well.


All rescuers and health professionals, who take part in minimizing injuries and deaths depending on the status of a disaster and emergency in case of an extraordinary incident, undertake responsibilities. Disaster triage decision is a vital practice to save as many human lives as possible by using the right methods fast and effectively, with a focus on creating optimal benefit. Ethical decision-making and ethical dilemma problems may arise during disasters. The effectiveness of disaster triage services has been established for all disaster service workers. The goal of this study is to provide suggestions to all rescuers and health professionals with regards to making ethical decisions and cope with ethical dilemmas they may face during triage. This study has been prepared by analysing national/international reports and reviewing documents from electronic databases and printed resources by taking previously published resources as a basis. This study is a document analysis study based on investigation of reports. The amount of medical resources and the number of intervening healthcare professionals are limited during disasters, therefore triage applications during disasters are crucial to reducing the number of preventable mortality and morbidity. It is a fact that healthcare professionals' ethical knowledge level regarding disaster triage has an impact on their ability to make triage decisions. It is inevitable for them to fall into ethical dilemmas due to various factors during triage. In this section, examples from world literature and studies from our country will be presented. Meaningful suggestions will be made at the end of the study. Corresponding Author Hacer CANATAN DOİ https://10.48121/jihsam.786685 Received 27.08.2020 Accepted 06.12.2020 Published Online 25.12.2020


We design a real-time face recognition system based on IP camera and image set algorithm by way of OpenCV and C++ programming development. The system includes three parts: preview module, register module and recognition module. Firstly, we apply the AdaBoost algorithm into the real-time face detection and join the nose detection for secondary screening. And then we extract texture feature from the detected face images by the method of LPQ(Local Phase Quantization) or LBP(Local Binary Patterns). Finally face is recognized based on image sets. After testing, the system can process video real-timely and has a good effect on face detection and recognition.


Despite having a very broad base, participatory democracy currently needs a decision-making process based on greater legitimacy if it is to meet the expectations of citizens' and intermediary bodies' in modern complex societies. A number of citizen participation schemes and deliberative procedures have for some years been exploring ways of shedding light on or supervising elected offices. France has been developing such schemes for many years, thus demonstrating a capacity to adapt which has not yet been assessed.


This paper presents tests results of a large system on a semi-virtual test bench. The tested system aims to provide the heat needed for domestic hot water and space heating of a building with 19 housing units. The three main thermal sources of the systems are the heat recovery on exhaust air, the heat recovery on grey water and solar thermal collectors. Those sources are combined with a heat pump and terminal auxiliary systems. The core part of the system was set up in the test bench: two 1000L storage tanks, a 20kW heat pump and the controller of the whole system. This real part interacted with a virtual environment emulating the other parts of the system through hydraulic modules. A realistic test sequence has been defined to study the system operations and to assess its performances. Results are promising and lead to the installation of such a system in a real building.


The characteristics and formation of a synoptic situation that causes a sudden turning motion of warm-sector mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over South China are described, based on the collection and investigation of associated cases during April–June 2011–2017 using high-resolution observational data and ERA (ECMWF Re-Analysis)-Interim data. The results show that the blocking of a marked low-level high over eastern China (eastern high) on a strengthening low-level trough over southwestern China (southwestern trough) results in significant enhancement of southerly winds ahead of the trough, which produces a strong southeastward vertical wind shear at low levels near western Guangdong province. This low-level vertical wind shear results in sudden southeastward turning motion for the warm-sector MCSs entering into Guangdong province from Guangxi province. The formation of the eastern high is mainly attributable to the strong cyclonic wind anomaly over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, which continuously brings cold air from higher latitudes to eastern China, where high synoptic-scale transient anomaly of geopotential height (SSTA-GH) forms. This cyclonic wind anomaly is induced by a low SSTA-GH, which travels from the north and south sides of the Tibetan Plateau to the northwestern Pacific Ocean and develops significantly as a result of a strong upper-level low SSTA-GH coupling with it or approaching it. On the other hand, the high SSTA-GH over eastern China blocks the eastward extension of the low SSTA-GH originating from the Tibetan Plateau. Consequently, this low SSTA-GH turns to extend or move southeastward/southward to southwestern China, leading to intensification of the southwestern trough.


Introduction: Over the past decade clinically relevant progress has been made regarding the genetic origin of sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmic syndromes such as congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS), Brugada syndrome (BrS), catecholinergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and short QT (SQTS). An increased number of patients are diagnosed and their offspring sent for screening. In order to optimize care of these families we have set up a multidisciplinary consultation, "Cardiogene", consisting of a pediatric and an adult cardiologist and a clinical geneticist. All families are seen at a common consult in order to take the family history, genetic background and to explain the disease to patients and their families. Appropriate cardiac investigations and genetic testing are then performed and the families seen again in a multidisciplinary fashion for the results. We have reviewed all our cases over the past 5 years. Methods: retrospective review of all cases seen at Cardiogene Clinic for suspicion of arrhythmic syndromes since 2007. Results: 23 families were seen at the Cardiogene Clinic with a total of 41 children. The suspected arrhythmic syndrome was LQTS in 14 families (26 children), BrS in 7 families (14 children), SQTS in1 family (2 children) and CPVT in 1 family (3 children). Of the 41 children 17 were genetically positive for an arrhythmic syndrome: 14 were for LQTS, 3 for BrS. 24 children were genetically negative however 4 of those were phenotypically positive: 2 LQTS, 1 BrS and 1 CPVT. In 3 families the diagnosis was initially made in a child and then found in the parent. In 2 families the diagnosis was made after a sudden death of one of their children, 1 LQTS (3 week old child), 1 BrS (20 year old).
Discussion: Genetic testing is an essential part of diagnosis and permits an improved targeting of patients needing follow-up and treatment. In our series, a mutation has been found in most families with LQTS. In all other genetic arrhythmias, the yield of genetic testing is less but nevertheless helpful for medical care of these pts.
Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach to genetic arrhythmias permits a better and more efficient screening and therapy in affected families. It helps families to better understand their disease and improves follow-up in the affected individuals.


Purpose
This paper aims to study a disturbance rejection controller to improve the anti-interference capability and the position tracking performance of airborne radar stabilized platform that ensures the stability and clarity of synthetic aperture radar imaging.

Design/methodology/approach
This study proposes a disturbance rejection control scheme for an airborne radar stabilized platform based on the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) inverse estimation algorithm. Exploiting the extended state observer (ESO) characteristic, an inversely ESO is developed to inverse estimate the unmodeled state and extended state of the platform system known as total disturbances, which greatly improves the estimation performance of the disturbance. Then, based on the inverse ESO result, feedback the difference between the output of the tracking differentiator and the inverse ESO result to the nonlinear state error feedback controller (NLSEF) to eliminate the effects of total disturbance and ensure the stability of the airborne radar stabilized platform.

Findings
Simulation experiments are adopted to compare the performance of the ADRC inverse estimation algorithm with that of the proportional integral derivative controller which is one of the mostly applied control schemes in platform systems. In addition, classical ADRC is compared as well. The results have shown that the ADRC inverse estimation algorithm has a better disturbance rejection performance when disturbance acts in airborne radar stabilized platform, especially disturbed by continuous airflow under some harsh air conditions.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper is exploiting the ESO characteristic to develop an inverse ESO, which greatly improves the estimation performance of the disturbance. And the ADRC inverse estimation algorithm is applied to ameliorate the anti-interference ability of the airborne radar stabilization platform, especially the ability to suppress continuous interference under complex air conditions.


Sound production learning as a function of sound discrimination learning was investigated. First grade Ss who were observed to utter /skrə'b/ for /srə'b/ were assigned to two discrimination pretraining groups (N = 15 in each group): Group A, discrimination training on /skrə'b/-/srə'b/ and Group B, discrimination training on /sliyp/-/∫liyp/. The discrimination task was taught through the use of automatic programming devices. Following discrimination training it was found that /srə'b/ was uttered correctly by two-thirds of Ss in Group A, but was uttered incorrectly by all Ss in Group B. It was concluded that sound discrimination training effectively facilitated sound production learning and that automatic sound discrimination programming appears feasible.


This paper describes the procedures used to compute the transport capabilities of existing canals and the process for predicting sediment deposition that will occur at or near the modified section. Two case studies are described in which the addition of moving screens has or will result in canal section changes and increased sediment deposition. The predicted versus experienced sedimentation is compared for both case studies. A computer model has been developed to aid in the prediction of canal sedimentation.


Abstract The concept of hydrodynamic tilting-pad bearings was proposed at the beginning of the 20 th century, to support and guide shafts in machinery. The principle of hydrodynamic lubrication was discovered two decades before the realisation of the first tilting-pad bearing. The performance of this kind of bearings was predicted applying isothermal theory. Nowadays, the isothermal modelling is still used for a quick design of these supports but, the operating conditions being more and more severe, the thermal and deformation effects have to be considered for hydrodynamic bearing analyses. 1. Introduction The concept of tilting-pad bearing was proposed independently, and almost simultaneously, by A. Kingsbury [1, 2] in USA and A.G.M. Michell [3, 4] in Australia, at the beginning of the 20 th century. In 1904, Kingsbury proposed to replace expensive rolling bearings by tilting-pad thrust bearings on a large electric motor with a vertical shaft; tests shown that the operating temperature was higher than that of an electric motor equipped with a ball-bearing. At the same time, Michell presented an analysis of plane inclined slider bearings of finite width. He probably designed the first tilting-pad thrust bearing in service; it was installed on a centrifugal pump on the Murray River, in Australia. Unlike fixed geometry thrust bearings for which the geometry is optimum for specific operating conditions, the tilting-pad thrust bearings self adapt the pad inclination (film shape) to load or speed variations. This principle was also applied to the journal bearings which support radial loads. The tilting-pad journal bearings are widely employed in turbomachinery because of their excellent dynamic performance, when they are geometrically preloaded. In usual applications, the number of pads varies generally from 3 to 6 for the journal bearings and from 6 to 12 for the thrust bearings. The pads are free to tilt around their pivot which is either a line contact or a spherical contact: the wear at the pivot can be significant for high load operation, thus reducing the preload factor of journal bearings, i.e. the dynamic characteristics. To avoid this problem, the fluid [5] and the flexible pivot [6] have been proposed. The presence of the flexible pivot eliminates the phenomenon of pad fluttering which occurs on unloaded pads of low preloaded tilting-pad journal bearings [7]. Hydrodynamic bearings nowadays are often subjected to severe operating conditions leading to a large dissipated power in the lubricated contact. The thermal effects which are known to play an important role in lubrication cannot be ignored. In addition, the thermal and mechanical deformations of bearing elements should be considered in the analysis of the bearing behaviour. This paper describes these effects in the case of tilting-pad thrust and journal bearings.


Shoots of Mentha longifolia, collected during different seasons from a natural habitat (Knotti Garden in the Soone Valley of the Salt Range), were evaluated for some key medicinal/biochemical ingredients. Plant samples were analyzed for dry matter, fiber, fat, protein, net free energy (NFE), nitrogen free extractable substances (NFES), macro(Na, N, Ca, K, P) and micro-nutrients (Zn, Mg, Fe, Cu), and alkaloid, flavonoid and phenolic contents. Total fats, proteins, NFE, NFES, macronutrients (Na, N, Ca, K and P), alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolics generally increased while dry matter, fiber, total minerals, and micro-nutrients (Zn, Mg, Fe and Cu) decreased with increasing maturity of plants in autumn followed by winter. The multivariate analysis (RDA) revealed a significant correlation of most of the biochemicals analyzed such as fat, protein, NFE, phenolics, flavonoids and certain minerals such as N, P and Ca with the winter season. In contrast, dry matter, total mineral, total fiber, and Cu and Fe were strongly influenced by the summer season. However, Mg and Zn contents were similarly affected by both autumn and summer. The autumn season had the least effect on the biochemical ingredients of Mentha and only moisture, K and alkaloid contents were associated with this season. The NFES and Na contents showed a slight correlation with each of the seasons as they were almost uniformly influenced by autumn as well as winter. Such temporal variations in biochemical ingredients appeared to be correlated with plant maturity, soil moisture contents and temperature effects during different seasons. It was concluded that the best harvesting season for maximum medicinal ingredients was winter followed by summer and the autumn season was least effective in this regard.


The Transportation Corridor Agency (TCA) in Orange County, California, is a new public toll-road authority. The TCA was charged with completing two "mega" projects--the $1.1 billion San Joaquin Hills Transportation Corridor and the $1.4 billion Eastern Transportation Corridor. Financial considerations led the TCA to employ a design/build (D/B) process for the two toll projects. The D/B system shortens the usual design-bid-build process by initiating construction prior to design completion. Although D/B was prevalent in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, it is only now being reintroduced to the transportation field. This article is an overview of the D/B process, including the decision tree, the bid process for D/B, the owner's role, right-of-way engineering, utility relocations, roadway design, design quality assurance and control plan, design quality review, and construction.


Mathematical theory of the quantum systems control is based on some ideas of the optimal control theory. These ideas are developed here as applied to these systems. The results obtained meet the deficiencies in the basis and algorithms of the control synthesis and expand the application of these methods.


a b s t r a c t Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome encompasses acute forms of ischemic heart disease - unstable angina and myocardial infarction with or without ST elevation. Chest pain patients have a wide spectrum of cardiac risk including those with typical symptoms and abnormal electrocardiography who require immediate catheter angiography with a view to interven- tion; at the other end of the spectrum are those of low risk with atypical symptoms and a normal ECG who can be discharged without investigation. Between these two groups is a large number of patients with diagnostic uncertainty. Methods: Radionuclide imaging can be useful in different phases of the course of athero- sclerosis with subsequent myocardial ischemia. Primarily, radionuclide imaging can be used for the identification of subclinical coronary artery atherosclerosis to enhance primary prevention of CAD, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Secondly it can be used at the emergency department to help to decide whether to admit or discharge a patient presenting with chest pain. And finally it helps to stratify and follow patients who survive ACS for choosing optimal treatment strategy. Results: Radionuclide imaging is potentially able to detect endothelial dysfunction and early, preclinical atherosclerotic plaques vulnerable to rupture. Rest 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT has been shown to improve medical decision making by decreasing unnecessary hospitaliza- tions. The strength of resting MPI lies with its high negative predictive value, approaching 100%. A possible future approach for risk stratification of patients with suspected ACS involves imaging myocardial fatty acid metabolism. The study of myocardial perfusion and metabolism in the sub-acute phase of STEMI has allowed us to considerably improve our knowledge of its pathophysiology, but its clinical usefulness is limited by the complex interplay between epicardial artery obstruction, coronary microvascular obstruction, and inflammatory cell activation. Conclusion: The optimal imaging strategy in acute coronary syndromes is determined not only by the diagnostic performance of a modality but also by local practice, expertise with imaging techniques, medical facilities, and individual patient characteristics.


The present work focuses on emulation and validation of protocol stacks for MANETs (mobile ad-hoc networks) that must support multimedia applications in a tactical environment. We considered a network consisting of some tens of mobile nodes, with randomly variable speeds in the order of some tens of km/h. Nodes are deployed on a scenario of a few km2 and have a radio range of some hundreds of meters. Commonly used Internet-based applications (based on the TCP-IP paradigm) have to be supported; they offer a multimedia traffic and are associated with QoS requirements (e.g. bounded latency and low losses). We developed a testbed for emulation and experimental validation of such scenario with a major routing protocol in the MANET context, i.e. OLSR (Optimized Link-State Routing).


Space has become a key analytic concept for the study of organization. While much emphasis has been placed upon the role of designed spaces within the existing literature, as yet there has been little attention paid to the sociality of space and the spatial practices that people employ to enact workspaces. This inquiry provides an ethnographic study of the work of street artists at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. We investigate the spatial tactics that artists employ to create hybrid workspaces within public spaces. We reveal how these spatial tactics are linked to the politics of space by investigating how the artists negotiate the use of public spaces with other users of the space. The study finds that artists employ a distinctive set of spatial tactics to create 'smooth spaces' to appropriate and socialize a hybrid workspace. The conceptual contribution of this article develops a processualist account of how hybrid workspaces are created by artists through embodied spatial tactics and how these tactics exploit ambiguities in the spatial boundaries of the existing urban landscape.


Background: Propofol has a high incidence of pain with intravenous injection, and different methods have been used to minimize the incidence and severity of this pain. In this study, we have compared the effect of lidocaine pretreatment with that of ondansetron pretreatment on propofol injection pain. Methods: Ninety healthy female patients scheduled for general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups; saline group (n = 30), lidocaine group (n = 30) and ondansetron groups (n = 30). Each patient received 2 ml of pretreatment solution (normal saline, 1% lidocaine, ondansetron) via 18 G angiocatheter inserted in the antecubital fossa after applying an arm tourniquet inflated to 50 mmHg. The tourniquet was released 1 minute later, followed by intravenous injection of 2.5 mg/kg of propofol. The assessment of pain was made at the induction of anesthesia and in the recovery room and the severity of pain was classified as none, mild, moderate, severe by one observer. Results: The severity and incidence of pain diminished significantly in the lidocaine group and the ondansetron group compared with the saline group at the induction of anesthesia (P


Robust Speech Activity Detection (SAD) systems are required in smart-room environments due to the presence of noises and reverberation. In this work, a previous SAD system, based on LDA-extracted features and a decision tree classifier, has been modified in terms of both feature extraction and classification to significantly improve its performance. New features based on the low- and highfrequency energy dynamics, and classifiers based on SVM and GMM have been investigated. In particular, a specific training process has been developed for the SVM case to cope with the problems of that classifier in our application. The resulting SAD systems have been trained with a subset of the SPEECON database. Tested in realistic conditions with the meeting databases from the NIST RT05 and RT06 evaluations, they have shown large improvements in speech detection performance.


Abroadband3-dB splitter based on the weighted structure waveguides by the Blackman function is analytically and numerically investigated. The waveguide structure is a symmetric triple-mode evolution structure weighted by the Blackman function to realize the 3-dB splitter with high optical performances. The splitter is analyzed by using the coupled-mode equations and simulated by the use of three-dimensional finite-difference beam propagation method. It is shown the 3-dB splitter is insensitive for wavelength and polarization forever a large bandwidth of 1530 to 1610nm. It is obtained that the power uniformity, wavelength dependent loss, excess loss and polarization dependent loss of the obtained 3-dB splitter within the range from 1530 to 1610nm are better than 2.49×10-3 dB, 0.018 dB, 0.14 dB, and 0.004 dB, respectively. Obviously, 3-dB splitter with high optical performances can be used for C+L-band passive optical network applications.


Innovative private and public sector organizations are now using virtual collaborative design environments (VCDEs) to develop new products and weapon systems as part of their technology management initiatives. This paper reviews several commercially available virtual technologies, operational and research issues, empirical testing results comparing a CAVE automatic virtual environment (CAVE) to a traditional concept design review, and identifies future needs.


The software engineering base in university, which has to deal with the problem of how to strengthen the operation ability of university students to fit the society, should be unlike that in vocational institutes. Beijing Technology and Business University(BTBU) has constructed several university-level training centers, where a software engineering training base with a higher jumping-off point and a broader teaching scope is built in its engineering training center. The software training base in BTBU has preliminarily explored a road to success by mean of several methods, such as providing training courses, reinforcing cooperation between universities and corporations and organizing technical activities after school.


Objective To observe the effect of lovastatin on the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA in cortical neurons in rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods Cortical neurons prepared from E17 rats were assigned into 4 groups:NMDA group (addition of 100 μmol/L of NMDA for 15 minutes),LOV group (pretreatment of the neurons for 3 days with 500 nmol/L of LOV),LOV+NMDA group (pretreatment of the neurons for 3 days with 500 nmol/L of LOV and addition of 100 μmol/L of NMDA for 15 minutes) and untreated group (addition of isodose solvent).Cell viability was evaluated with the trypan blue dye exclusion test,the morphology and number of neurons were assessed with MAP-2 immunofluorescence staining,and the level of protein was measured with Western blotting assay. Results Trypan blue staining demonstrated that the pretreatment with 500 nmol/L of lovastatin for 3 days significantly protected the neurons against the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA (P<0.05 vs NMDA).Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the number of MAP-2 positive neurons decreased and the surviving neurons showed a loss of MAP-2 positive dendrites after NMDA treatment (P<0.05 vs untreated),which were not observed after lovastatin pretreatment (P<0.05 vs NMDA).Excitotoxicity was mediated in part by the Calpain over-activation and the subsequent protein truncation events on Calpain substrate, CDK5 co-activator P35 to P25 cleavage. Lovastatin pretreatment remarkably suppressed Calpain over-activation and the conversion from P35 to P25 in response to NMDA exposure as detected by Western blotting analysis (P<0.05 vs NMDA). Conclusions Lovastatin significantly attenuates the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA. The neuroprotection of lovastatin may be mediated by blocking the Calpain and CDK5 over-activation.

Key words:
Lovastatin; NMDA; Neuroprotection; Calpain; CDK5


Abstract The September 2001 attacks on New York City's World Trade Center and the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, call for a reap-praisal of the assumptions and practices of business resump-tion efforts (sometimes referred to as disaster recovery). The author of this article has more than 50 years of experience in continuing analysis of business resumption efforts and how and why they tend to succeed or fail.


Using picosecond pulses from a free-electron laser, we have carried out a pump-probe determination of Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) and Auger free-carrier recombination lifetimes in two long-wave (6--7 \ensuremath{\mu}m) W-structure laser with ${\mathrm{I}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{In}}_{x}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{b}/\mathrm{I}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{b}$ active regions. The SRH coefficient is nearly constant $(A\ensuremath{\approx}4.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}),$ while the Auger coefficient has an upper limit of $C=4.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}27}$ to $2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}27}{\mathrm{cm}}^{6}/\mathrm{s}$ in the temperature range 40--230 K. This represents an order of magnitude Auger suppression compared to type-I III-V semiconductors with the same energy gap.


Retraction: The following article has been retracted through agreement between the first author and several coauthors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Peter Lichter, and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Uchihara, JN. Matsuda, T. Okudaira, T. Ishikawa, C. Masuda, M. Horie, R. Watanabe, T. Ohta, T. Takasu, N. Mori, N. (2006). Transactivation of the ICAM‐1 gene by CD30 in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int J Cancer; 118 (March (5)): 1098‐1107, published online on 8 SEP 2005 in Wiley Online Library (www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com). After an investigation the retraction has been agreed due to inappropriate duplication of images and overlap with other published work.


Zwitterionic polymers demonstrate as a class of antifouling materials with long blood circulation in living subjects. Despite extensive research on their antifouling abilities, the responsive zwitterionic polymers that can change their properties by mild outside signals are poorly explored. Herein, a sulfamide‐based zwitterionic monomer is developed and used to synthesize a series of polysulfamide‐based (poly (2‐((2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl) dimethylammonio)acetyl) (phenylsulfonyl) amide (PMEDAPA)) nanogels as drug carriers for effective cancer therapy. PMEDAPA nanogels are proved to exhibit prolonged blood circulation without inducing the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon. Intriguingly, PMEDAPA nanogels can sensitively respond to hyperthermia by adjusting the crosslinker degree. After modified with transferrin (Tf), the nanogels (PMEDAPA‐Tf) achieve shielded tumor targeting at normothermia, while exhibiting recovered tumor targeting at hyperthermia, leading to enhanced tumor accumulation. Meanwhile, PMEDAPA‐Tf nanogels show superior penetration ability in 3D tumor spheroids and faster drug release at hyperthermia compared with that at normothermia. In combination with mild microwave heating (≈41 °C), the drug‐loaded PMEDAPA‐Tf nanogels show a pronounced tumor inhibition effect in a humanized orthotropic liver cancer model. Therefore, the study provides a novel hyperthermia‐responsive zwitterionic nanogel that can achieve augmented tumor accumulation and on‐demand drug release assisted with clinically used microwave heating for cancer therapy.


Background: Involvement of the temporomandibular joint can be shown in 40–90% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), although it is often asymptomatic. Restricted jaw mobility and jaw pain can be found in approxi-mately 20% of patients with JIA (prevalence: 70 per 100 000 persons). Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease are essential for a good outcome, but uniform, consensus-based management is still lacking. Methods: The clinical practice guideline is based on the findings of a systematic literature review in multiple databases and a Delphi procedure to obtain consensus on the recommendations. Results: Most of the identified studies were retrospective. Patients with JIA should undergo clinical screening with a structured examination protocol once per year in childhood and adolescence, and thereafter as well if the temporomandibular joint is involved. The diagnosis of chronic rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint is established with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment (antirheumatic basal therapy, local measures) is unsuccessful in less than 10% of patients. In such cases, arthroscopy and arthrocentesis


The presumption of innocence is not well illustrated in the age-old and widespread use of monetary bail systems by most jurisdictions throughout the United States. In fact, whether a person is detained in jails prior to the final disposition of the case, is not likely to be dependent on the strength of the government's case toward proving the accusee's guilt. Rather, pre-trial detention is much more dependent on whether the accusee has the means to pay an amount of money determined by a court.
As the calls for bail reform resurges, many legal professionals are looking for alternatives to monetary bail systems that often result in overcrowded jails, tainted adjudications of the offenses, and devastating outcomes for the accusee. However, the problem does not appear to be in the foundational structure of the monetary bail systems. As with many other problematic areas of the criminal justice process, the flawed execution of pretrial proceedings by many jurisdictions makes the task of preserving the presumption of innocence nearly impossible. Justice requires the judiciary to act as gatekeepers by ensuring that the rights of accusees are not violated.
This Note explores the common practice of implementing bail schedules without an "individualized" inquiry into whether the accusee poses a danger of committing a violent offense and whether the accusee is likely to appear to the future proceedings of the case. Part I focuses on the constitutional and statutory requirements regarding bail as well as the impact of the Supreme Court's jurisprudence on bail practices. Part II focuses on the current bail practices in state courts in Alabama with a brief discussion of the bail practices in Randolph County which is currently being reviewed in federal class action litigation. This Note further explores the responsibility of the judiciary in pretrial confinement proceedings based on the rules regarding the professional responsibility of the judiciary. The Note also highlights the disproportionate harm caused to African-Americans and Hispanics accused of criminal offenses. This Note concludes with a discussion of the importance of preserving the presumption of innocence for individuals accused of a crime as well as how monetary bails systems undermine that presumption.


A deposition‐precipitation method is used to prepare Au/TiO2 solids (0.45–1.7 wt% Au). These materials, consisting of gold nanoparticles (diameter range = 1.5–6.5 nm) supported on the surface of TiO2, are used as photocatalysts for the ethanol photoreforming reaction under either UV‐rich or simulated solar light. The main products of such reactions are H2 in the gas phase and acetaldehyde in the liquid phase according to the reaction CH3CH2OH → CH3CHO ‐ H2. Among the gaseous products, H2 amounts to around or above 99% in all cases; other minor products found in the gas phase are, in decreasing order of molar production: CH4 > CO > C2H4 > CO2 > C2H6 > C3H8. The photoactivity is lower under CO2 atmosphere, as compared to analogous reactions performed under Ar. The H2 production yields are very high (up to a maximum 30 mmol gcat−1 h−1) under UV irradiation, and increase with increasing gold loading. The reactions under simulated solar light also yield significant amounts of H2 (5–6 mmol gcat−1 h−1) as the main gaseous product.


zone. There is a serious error in the Shantz and Zon map from which the "full-glacial" map was traced: pinyon-juniper woodland is lacking throughout much of the peninsular salient so mapped in the Big Bend area. Even the Santiago and Dead Horse mountains , which form the axis of the salient, are sparsely vegetated with desert shrubs and grasses, and the very few relict populations of woodland species are narrowly restricted to the highest elevations of the mountains. [For a description of the vegetation of the Dead Horse Mountains, see P. Furthermore, the pluvial presence of xe-rophilous woodland vegetation dominated by two-needled pinyon pine at a relatively high elevation (as evidenced by abundant macro-fossils in the full-glacial wood rat midden deposit at Burro Mesa, 'only 400 m below existing stands of Pinus ponderosa) suggests that the magnitude of downward displacement of ponderosa pine "parkland" in the Southwest (as much as 1200 m, as evi-denced by high relative percentages of pine pollen, species undetermined, in pluvial sediments) has been overestimated.


ERP market in India and the world. The current extension of ERP is e-CRM, The ERP market has saturated and is on the decline and to emerege from it is the market for small and medium scale enterprises. ERP, especially in India is being offered by small localised players to small and medium sized firms customising it to the needs and their pockets. Taking this cue the big ERP players have also started offering complete solutions to the small firms. The article illustrates this point by using the case example of Prathma, a modern blood bank in India. Prathma has been the first blood bank in India to use ERP to integare its functions using a customised ERP This has brought in a quality check in its operations and has also lowered the cost. Thus ERP is here to stay though the metamorphosis is for real.


Template-guided solution-shearing (TGSS) is used to fabricate field-effect transistors (FETs) composed of micropatterned prisms as active channels. The prisms comprise highly crystalline PTDPP-DTTE, in which diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is flanked by thiophene. The FET has a maximum mobility of approximately 7.43 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , which is much higher than the mobility values of the thin-film transistors with solution-sheared or spin-coated films of PTDPP-DTTE annealed at 200 °C.


Scheuneman (1979) recently proposed a technique for assessing bias in test items. The method basically attempts to use a statistic similar to X2 to index the goodness-of-fit of the proportion of correct response functions to an item yielded by two racial groups. The basic data was obtained from a grouping of total test scores into J mutually exclusive and exhaustive intervals. Within each test score interval, the proportion of examinees in each racial group which answered the item correctly was observed. The resulting data for each group is analogous to an item characteristic curve except that test score has replaced ability as the criterion variable creating a pseudo item characteristic curve.


In order to make water allocation management more effective,through improving the traditional optimization of water allocation management model of rotation irrigation of "constant flow and variable duration",a dual objective function was built to make water conveyance of irrigation water distribution canal shortest and diversion time difference of every rotation group sustained minimum,and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight coefficients of each objective function.Then the dual objective function was converted into a single objective function based on the weight coefficients that had determined.Last,the single objective function was solved by genetic algorithm to get the best combinations of the rotation irrigation groups.The result shows that optimization of water allocation management of irrigation to get combinations of the rotation irrigation groups can make water allocation management more effective which decreases the time of water conveyance of water distribution canal and improves the water resources efficiency.


The problem of abandoned land from mining activities is aggravated since the coal boom. Activities of excavating coal exscind natural vegetation and deposit stone on the natural land that modified the natural land contribute to waste farmlands. This paper presents the comparableness of SVMs method to artificial neural networks in the outlier detection problem of high dimensions. Experiments performed on real dataset show that the performance of this method is mostly superior to that of artificial neural networks. The proposed method, SVMs served to exemplify that kernel-based learning algorithms can be employed as an efficient method for evaluating the revegetation potentiality of abandoned lands from coal mining activities


In this study the relationship between management ability and earning quality was examined. A number of 201 companies accepted into Tehran Stock Exchange between a period of time between 2004 and 2009 are selected in order to probe into this relationship. The criteria of earning restatement, earning persistence, and accruals quality were employed to measure earning quality. The results of the study show that management ability has an influence on earning quality using any of the measuring criteria for earning quality, so that more capable managers report earnings with a higher quality.


The web-based student information software is developed to provide information for students per session . Information which includes, lecture timetable and venues, lecturers taking courses per semester and the various level advisers in the different departments. The student is able to view information because of the information that has been uploaded by the administrator. The end which is to provide information was achieved by programming language such as PHP and HTML. It is recommended that more information such as lecturer' s notes, results etc can still be provided via web-based information software.


This ground-breaking anthology brings together thirty-eight short stories culled from over a century of writing by Muslim women from colonial and postcolonial India. Selected from different Indian languages such as Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, English, Urdu, Kannada, Telegu, Punjabi, Marathi, Tamil, and Malayalam, the collection includes gripping and fascinating stories by celebrated as well as emerging authors. It also excavates stories from now forgotten, once widely circulated, early women's journals such as Tehzeeb-e-Niswan, Saogat, and Indian Ladies' Magazine.


Abstract : Information systems (IS) have evolved over the last 50 plus years from individual components with single functionality to grand architectures that integrate multiple individual business functions into global organizational enterprises. Similarly several military systems with the single mission of missile defense have evolved in service stovepipes, and are now being integrated into a national and global missile defense architecture. The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) is currently tasked with developing an integrated Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) capable of defending against all ranges of ballistic missiles in all phases of flight in defense of the homeland, our deployed forces, and our allies. While this initiative has been proceeding since before Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative, the full momentum has only recently been achieved through the withdrawal of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and demonstrated threats from North Korea and Iran. This study draws parallels between the evolution of IS and the BMDS. Further it compiles information management (IM) principles, investigates if they apply to the BMDS, and investigates if they can be used to achieve a better integrated system. Initial indications are that IM principles do apply, but it is questionable if they are being applied.


The Boehm Test of Basic Concepts (BTBC) has proven to be a useful instrument for testing concept comprehension in kinder gar tners. The test is comprised of 50 basic concepts "considered necessary for understanding instructions and verbal directions given by teachers to kindergarten children" (Boehm 1971). The purpose of the BTBC is to identify children with poor concept mastery and concepts that may be unfamiliar to many children of one group. The results of the BTBC are used to indicate which of the 50 concepts a child is unable to grasp. Consequently, a program is usually established to teach the concepts the child missed. Although this is the logical step to take, the examiner must be aware of the many possible reasons for failure to respond correctly to the test items on this test or any other. Valuable


The invention discloses a method for climbing of a tower crane in the construction process. According to the method, arrangement manners of permanent attachment and temporary attachment are used, so that the influence of a flat arm type tower crane on the progress of a core cylinder in the construction process can be solved, thereby improving the construction efficiency. Since the temporary attachment can be reused, the cost of a measure for climbing of the tower crane is reduced and the cost is saved; meanwhile, the time for climbing in each time is short; the influence on the construction of steel structures and concrete is reduced to the lowest; meanwhile, the disassembly process of the tower crane is simplified, and thus the time is saved.


The international diversification of investments is far from being a recent phenomenon in Belgium. Over the past 20 years, individuals markedly stepped up their purchases of foreign currency denominated assets such that, on the eve of EMU, these assets represented a greater share of private wealth than in most other European countries. The introduction of the euro should, however, provide fresh impetus to and a broader base for this process of diversifying out of domestic assets. This is bound to have profound repercussions on the Belgian financial markets, in particular the government securities market and the stock market. These markets will not be able to benefit to the same extent as in the past from a stable core of captive investors, and it is far from certain that this reduced interest on the part of traditional customers can be fully offset by increased purchases by investors from other euro area countries.


Nonlinear optimization approaches are becoming more prevalent in the field of navigation with visual sensors. Therefore, this paper presented a refinement motion estimation approach which showed the advantages compared to the typical method. The proposed framework included established observation model and the mathematical derivation of nonlinear optimization algorithm. Speaking of model part, the relationship between frame pixels and the coarse pose estimated by RANSAC was quantized by a formula which became a prerequisite for optimization. While in the nonlinear optimization part, one strategy was taken into consideration to reduce the cumulative error. That is to say, the current pose was optimized each time a new frame comes. Finally, tests on the Malaga urban datasets verified that this approach achieved higher accuracy than the RANSAC estimation. As a result, benefits of using nonlinear optimization in motion estimation refinement were verified, which could also provide important priori information for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM).


Humans' imaginaries toward nature have profound implications for environmental governance and natural resource management strategies. Driven by relentless technological advancement, such imaginaries have undergone a series of transformations. Through a phenomenological and social constructivist perspective, this article aims to explore and explain the dynamics of transcultural sociotechnical imaginaries found in the connection between Western posthumanism's relational perspective on humans, nonhuman entities, and agency, on the one hand, and the emphasis on human–nature unity in the Chinese Daoist tradition, on the other hand. We argue that, by displacing an anthropocentric and Eurocentric frame, such transnational deliberation efforts grounded in a relational, geo-centered, and mediated frame offer planetary viewpoints to tackle the vast challenges currently faced by humanity. This discourse provides an alternative way of thinking to approach current environmental governance and natural resource management practices in the context of the increasing interconnectedness and cultural plurality of globalization. Hence, this article suggests exploring the potentials of the ideas of dwelling, landscapes, new ecologies, and mutual embeddedness suggested by Daoism and critical more-than-human geography at a local scale, which will pave the way for pragmatic pluralism and cultivate new attitudinal dispositions and capacity for systemic change. Key Words: Daoism, environmental governance, human–nature relationship, postenlightenment, sociotechnical imaginaries.


Dystrophin-associated proteins, including sarcoglycans, are critical for both cardiac and skeletal muscle function, probably exerting their roles by different molecular mechanisms (Heydemann A et al. 2001). We recently showed that cardiac mesoangioblasts (cMabs), derived from beta-sarcoglycan (beta-SG) null hearts, strongly differentiated towards a skeletal muscle phenotype forming large myotubes (Crippa et al. 2010). Timelapse movies of beta-SG GFP-cMabs evidenced the presence of cell subpopulations characterized by high mobility and incapability to fuse. To isolate these cells, we have subcloned cMabs after 2 rounds of serum starvation. We obtained 5 GFP clones (#7, 11, 17, 53 and 56). By magnetic beads immunoselection we could separate CD44-cKit positive cells from clones. CD44 is a key regulator of myoblast migration (Milona E et al. 2006). Then we tested myogenic differentiation potential of the clones eventually co-cultured with unlabeled cMabs. Myosin immunofluorescence analysis showed that all the clones did not form myotubes. Moreover, 2 of them (#7, #17) seemed to improve myogenic potential of unlabeled cMabs. We obtained similar results with C2C12 myoblast cells. We have also analysed the cells for expression of stem cell markers. Interestingly, same subclones expressed the neural stem cell markers Sox2 and Sox 17. In summary, we identified a novel cell population able to improve myogenic differentiation and potentially able to adopt a neural fate under appropriate culture conditions. Moreover, a recent paper (Stefanovic S et al. 2009) suggests a role for both Sox2 and Sox 17 in early cardiac differentiation. Thus we are planning to test our clones for cardiac differentiation capability in vitro and in vivo.


The recently introduced matrix group <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {SE_2(3)}$</tex-math></inline-formula> provides a 5<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {\times }$</tex-math></inline-formula>5 matrix representation for the orientation, velocity, and position of an object in the 3-D space, a triplet we call "extended pose." In this article, we build on this group to develop a theory to associate uncertainty with extended poses represented by 5<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {\times }$</tex-math></inline-formula>5 matrices. Our approach is particularly suited to describe how uncertainty propagates when the extended pose represents the state of an inertial measurement unit (IMU). In particular, it allows revisiting the theory of IMU preintegration on manifold and reaching a further theoretic level in this field. Exact preintegration formulas that account for rotating earth, that is, centrifugal force and Coriolis force, are derived as a byproduct, and the factors are shown to be more accurate. The approach is validated through extensive simulations and applied to sensor fusion where a loosely coupled fixed-lag smoother fuses IMU and LiDAR on 1-h-long experiments using our experimental car. It shows how handling rotating earth may be beneficial for long-term navigation within incremental smoothing algorithms.


Based on the definition of enterprises marketing system capability to withstand risks,this article brings forward the tridimensional vector description methods,establishes the optimization model of the capability to withstand risks,and constructs the measuring index system of marketing system capability to withstand risks with the basis of the analysis of the influence factors of marketing system capability to withstand risks,which consequently designs the complete implements for the measuring and evaluation of marketing system capability to withstand risks.


Growing business intelligence drives new era of the mining sentiment behind the users' comments posted on the web. Many researchers focus on the supervised and unsupervised technique, but still it is challenging to choose the prompt one. The proposed model discusses about the application of rules of inference for developing sentiment analysis based application. Till now there is no research work made on identifying the sentiment and to calculate the sentiment score by inferring the Modus Ponens Law from Discrete Mathematics. With this hope the analysis is made and its evaluation metrics shows better result. KeywordsDiscrete Mathematics, Modus Ponens Law, Natural Language Processing, Sentiment Analysis, Pattern Mining Estimating The Overall Sentiment Score By Inferring Modus Ponens Law 192


The quantum‐confined Stark effect observed in multiple quantum well (MQW) materials has been employed recently in a variety of electro‐optic devices. This communication reports on some encouraging results achieved with a MQW‐based, nonlinear vertical directional coupler. The device may be operated as an electrooptic switch through changes in the coupling length in response to large Stark shifts.


Forest-based product industry has been undergoing regulatory reform worldwide for more than a decade, aiming to reduce carbon emissions, fossil fuel use, and economic efficiency. Some of this profit-driven behavior exacerbates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. At the same time, interest has increased in use of market-based policy instruments for environmental purposes, for example, to introduce climate change into the energy sector and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The need to mitigate ecological impacts, especially GHG emissions, and energy use have highlighted the need to develop methods capable of addressing economic and ecological uncertainties consistently within an integrated framework. Implementing an Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) tool within an industrial ecosystem requires a shift in the current culture of researchers working at distributed sites with individual outcomes to a culture that includes the pooling of capabilities, sharing of information, materials, technology, and knowledge. The application of simulation modeling, e.g., ABM, will provide broader insights on the potential of dynamic simulation modeling for large scale projects on complex system that would otherwise require infrastructure use to test the feasibility of the model. From an industrial network perspective, ABM seems to be useful to model large scale system, by feeding the system with rules corresponding to the assumptions of what is most relevant regarding the situation within the industrial eco-park and then watch the emerging behavior from the agents' interactions. A discussion covers how this concept of sustainable assessment can be achieved on a practical realization; how the forest-based product industry can be seen as a dynamic system, and how an industrial eco-park can be built around this regional industry. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2012 AIChE Spring Meeting and 8th Global Congress on Process Safety (Houston, TX 4/1-5/2012).


Introduction The year 2020 is an epoch in modern history that stands not only for the fatal impact of the pandemic, but also for the disruption of societies and economies. The Gulf countries have been severely hit by the dual shocks of plunge in oil prices and shrunken demands. The Brent crude spot price fell to less than $ 19 in April 2020 and the futures price is likely to hover around $ 40 in 2020-21, which is significantly less than the fiscal breakeven price of all Gulf countries. These developments have unfolded ominously, against the pervasive backdrop of fragile states, regional instability, and the prospects of US retrenchment from the Gulf region. This article examines the role of oil in defining the security architecture of the region. It establishes the effect of dual shock on Gulf economy. Finally, it evaluates the impact of oil price tumble and US retrenchment on the regional stability.


The present invention discloses an oil production wells and gas blasting method Fracturing of low permeability layer, the following steps: First, the wells have been drilled straight sidetracking slim hole drilling direction is horizontal, the position of sidetracking select the low permeability oil and gas; Secondly, take the form of a flexible tubing-conveyed, a plurality of sets of horizontal wells to the explosive column segment of the eye, blasting is completed; third, the screen test for oil and gas oil demand postpartum embodiment. The present invention can solve the technical problem of porosity and permeability of the substantial increase in low permeability layer.


This article examines Holocene environmental change in Zhuye Lake in the marginal area of the Asian monsoon, NW China. Holocene environment records were obtained for the QTH01 and QTH02 sections in Zhuye Lake. The fluctuations in grain size, pollen, total organic carbon content and C/N ratios record notable environmental variation. The early Holocene (11.0 to 7.4 cal. kyr BP) was relatively arid, while vegetation coverage was sparse and primary productivity low. The optimal environment prevailed during the mid‐Holocene (7.4 to 4.7 cal. kyr BP). Vegetation coverage was the densest and primary productivity the highest during the mid‐Holocene. During the late Holocene (4.7 to 0 cal. kyr BP), the environment became arid, as shown by low lake level and sparse vegetation coverage. After 1.6 cal. kyr BP another strong aridification occurred. In this area, the environment was likely to have been influenced by both the Westerlies and the East Asian monsoon during the Holocene. During the early Holocene, the relatively arid environment lay in the background of the increasing East Asian monsoon and dry westerly wind. During the mid‐Holocene, central Asia was controlled by the humid Westerlies, while a strong East Asian monsoon prevailed in Central China. The mid‐Holocene optimum in this area benefited from an expanded East Asian monsoon and the humid Westerlies. Weakening of the East Asian monsoon caused aridification of the environment during the late Holocene. Intensification of this aridification after 1.6 cal. kyr BP might be correlated with appearance of the arid environments in the Westerly domain after ∼1.5 cal. kyr BP. These arid conditions might be affected by the decreased moisture content of the Westerlies.


LANE-CHANGING ON A MULTILANE HIGHWAY MAY BE TREATED CONVENIENTLY AS A STOCHASTIC PHENOMENON. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES AN ELEMENTARY STOCHASTIC MODEL OF LANE-CHANGING BEHAVIOR, BASED ON ITS INTERPRETATION AS A HOMOGENEOUS MARKOV CHAIN. THE MODEL IS CALIBRATED USING DATA COLLECTED ON A SECTION OF 6-LANE FREEWAY IN CHICAGO. /AUTHOR/


Cancer chemoprevention is currently one of the most urgent projects in public health. According to epidemiological surveys, the majority of human cancers are related to two factors; diet and smoking (Banning, 2005; Hirayama, 1984). However, in the general population, dairy consumption of certain foods has also been shown to have anticancer effects. This highlights the importance of environmental factors such as diet in cancer chemoprevention (Banning, 2005). It is also evident that an understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis is essential for cancer chemoprevention. Most cancer prevention research is based on the concept of multistage carcinogenesis (Fig. 1.): initiation→promotion→progression (Piot & Dragan, 1991; Morse & Stoner, 1993). In contrast to both the initiation and progression stages, animal studies indicate that the promotion stage occurs over a long time period and may be reversible, at least early on. Therefore, the inhibition of tumor promotion is expected to be an efficient approach to cancer control (Sporn, 1976; Murakami, et al., 1996). Cancer chemoprevention is defined as the use of specific natural and synthetic chemical agents to reverse or suppress carcinogenesis and prevent the development of invasive cancers. There has been a growing awareness in recent years that dietary non-nutrient compounds can have important effects as chemopreventive agents, and considerable work on the cancer chemopreventive effects of such compounds in animal models has been undertaken. In the course of our research on potential antitumorpromoters (cancer chemopreventive agents) from edible plants and fungi, and from crude drugs, we have found that various triterpene alcohols and sterols and their oxygenated derivatives showed inhibitory effects on mouse ear inflammation induced by 12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We have recently reviewed the chemopreventive activities of naturally occurring terpenoids (Akihisa & Yasukawa, 2001; Akihisa, et al., 2003; Yasukawa, 2010). Primary prevention of cancer aims to avoid the development of cancer. Thus, it is important to inhibit the initiation and/or promotion of carcinogenesis. However, the adult population bears tumor cells that cannot revert to normal cells, and thus effective strategies to prevent cancer include avoiding continuous contact between these cells and promoters and/or aggressively inhibiting the tumor promoter effects. Therefore, to prevent cancer, it is essential to find effective compounds (anti-tumor promoters) that delay, inhibit or block tumor promotion, which is a reversible and long-term process. Active research is now being conducted using animal carcinogenesis models on cancer preventing substances


Geochemical data on the evolution of seawater chemistry during the past one billion years (Sr/Ca, Li/Ca, Ge/Si, 187 Os/186 Os, δ34 S, 87Sr/86 Sr) were summarized. These data indicate that the variations in seawater chemistry have been influenced by the circulation of ydrothermal solution at mid-oceanic ridges. The circulation rate of hydrothermal solution is related to ocean floor spreading rate. Thus, it is considered that tectonics is important factor in controlling the chemical evolution of seawater.Tectonics affects not only seawater chemistry, but also CO 2 content in atmosphere and consequently climate. A correlation between δ34 S and 87 Sr/86 Sr variations of seawater indicates that hydrothermal solution and seawater-rock interaction was important for causing the variations in seawater chemistry before 1 billion years ago. Geochemical data (REE etc.) on BIF (banded iron formations) and sedimentary rocks indicate that the hydrothermal solution-oceanic crust interaction controlled Archean seawater chemistry. Influence of this interaction on the seawater chemistry decreased from Archean to Proterozoic, while weathering and biogenic activity became important.


Introduction: Malnutrition contributes to more than one-third of all child deaths worldwide and accounts for over 50 percent of under-five deaths in Nigeria. Both overnutrition and undernutrition exist among under-five children, leading to double burden of malnutrition, a major risk factor for chronic diseases. The study was conducted to assess the association between stunting and obesity among under-five children in urban and rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a four-stage random sampling technique to select 450 (214 males and 236 females) under-five children from Ibadan North (Urban) and Ido (Rural) Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Oyo State. A pre-tested, intervieweradministered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Weight and height of the children were measured and categorized according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. Results: Mean age of children was 29.8±17.0 months (Ibadan North, 29.1±16.8; Ido, 31.9±17.4 months) with 52.6% being female. The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity was 32.9%, 14.4% and 20.2%, respectively. A total of 30.7%, 17.2% and 22.1% of children in Ibadan North and 40.6%, 5.0% and 13.9% in Ido LGA were stunted, overweight and obese, respectively. High proportion of obese children (43.5%) was stunted, indicating co-existence of obesity and stunting among the population. Conclusion: Double burden of overweight and stunting found in urban and rural young children indicate that public policies should emphasise on targeting both malnutrition conditions to prevent the subsequent health risks and complications.


Summary
From November 4, 1954, to March 20, 1956, 1,091 mammals were trapped in southwestern Georgia. Of these, 820 were tested for leptospires by culturing kidney tissue, and 44 (5.4%) were found positive. The leptospires involved were identified by agglutination and cross-agglutinin-adsorption tests as serologically homologous to L. ballum, L. pomona, L. australis A, L. grippotyphosa, and serotype members of the L. hebdomadis and L. mitis-hyos serogroups. The hosts were as follows: opossum for L. ballum and members of the L. mitis-hyos serogroup; gray fox for L. ballum; raccoon for L. ballum, L. pomona, L. australis A, L. grippotyphosa, and a member of the L. hebdomadis serogroup; striped skunk for L. ballum and L. pomona; and wildcat for L. ballum and L. pomona. No correlation was found between the incidence of infection by a given serotype of leptospires and density of the various species of mammals or the total mammalian population.
The isolation of L. australis A., L. grippotyphosa, and organisms belonging to the L. mitis-hyos and L. hebdomadis serogroups is of primary significance. Only a few reference laboratories are routinely testing for the presence of antibodies to these pathogens in either man or domestic animals. There is a need for inclusion of antigens of these serotypes of leptospires in routine agglutination tests and for more intensive efforts to isolate leptospires from suspected cases in humans and domestic animals.
The following new host records were established: gray fox for L. ballum; raccoon for L. ballum, L. pomona, L. australis A, L. grippotyphosa, and a member of the L. hebdomadis serogroup; striped skunk for L. ballum and L. pomona; wildcat for L. ballum and L. pomona; and opossum for members of the L. mitis-hyos serogroup.


Being widely used in underground coal mine surrounded by explosive gases,the quality of explosion- proof electrical equipment is critical to coal mine safety production. The common problems in drawings review of flameproof electrical equipment was listed,and the methods of relative flameproof parameters were detailed with examples. Strict review of the drawings is conducive to improve the product quality,with great significance to ensure coal mine safety production.


• Deployment of state-of-the art network of pollution sensors (SNAQ sensor nodes) in and around LHR airport. • Establishing pollution data for science and policy studies • Comparing data with emission inventories and pollution models. • Source attribution for LHR airport. • Creation of novel tools for data mining, network calibration, data visualisations and interpretation. • Optimisation of sensor network for different environments. (a) Objective A31C-0059


The quality of seismic data is divided into three grades in the southwestern Tarim basin according to different signal-to-noise ratio, degree of definition of the reflected characters and reliability of seismic facies parameters. The poor quality of seismic reflections is caused by both man-made and nature factors. In general, the area between Mazatag fault zone and Tumuxiuke fault, and areas at southern and western margin of the basin, especially the area west of Kashi-Yinjisha and the area south of Yinjishan-Yecheng-Hotan, are poor in quality of seismic reflections. It is mainly caused by complex structures developed in the area. Factors such as sedimentation and surface are also involved in the latter area. Multi-parameters are adopted in description of seismic facies, and characteristic parameters are used in the naming of seismic facies. The interpretation of sedimentary facies is done through synthetic analysis in a procedure starting from division of seismic facies, to making tables of facies transform and interpretation of sedimentary facies. Analysis has been done of the seismic facies and sedimentary facies of the area.


In this paper,the situation of production and process ing of ramie from1998-2002in Jiangxi Province,was summarized the investigators found that the planting area is increasing,newly developed varieties are playing an even more important role,and the peasants who grow ramie can get a satisfying income.But there are still some problems in the process of industrial-ization of ramie,such as limited products,too simple processing technology.Based on the investi-gation,the authors put forward some proposals for settling these problems in the futune.


Introduction. The pandemic has triggered researchers to measure the success of the methods and platforms used in digital learnings. This study aims to discover technical terms in the study of digital learning transformation in the COVID-19 era.
Data Collection Methods. Using the Web of Science (WoS) database to search and collect publication data on digital learning transformation in the COVID-19, this paper  collected  432 articles from November 2019 to August 2021.
Data Analysis. The data were descriptively analyzed using bibliometric and text analysis by applying clustering to the paper dataset.
Results and Discussion. The results of this study show three technical field clustersand terms in digital learning transformation studies. These include virtual clinical trials, emergency remote learning, and image augmentation.. In addition, this paper  show a collaborative network of authors and countries in the study of digital transformation in the COVID-19 era.
Conclusion.Many new terms have been obtained in the transformation of digital learning studies in the COVID-19 era, which is not only "online learning".


The thesis behind this talk is very simple: the only good statistics is Bayesian statistics. Bayesian statistics is not just another technique to be added to our repertoire alongside, for example, multivariate analysis; it is the only method that can produce sound inferences and decisions in multivariate, or any other branch of, statistics. It is not just another chapter to add to that elementary text you are writing; it is that text. It follows that the unique direction for mathematical statistics must be along the Bayesian road. The talk is divided into three sections. In the first I shall state the Bayesian position and explain how it differs from that which is currently popular. I had hoped that it would not be necessary to include this section, but others have persuaded me that I should. In the short time available, a complete statement is not possible; but the literature contains many better and fuller statements than can be given here.* In the second section the central thesis will be justified; and in the third I shall undertake what I see as the real point of the lecture, namely a study of future directions for statistics. It had originally been my intention to follow Orwell and and use 1984 in the title, but de Finetti (1974) suggests 2020; hence the longer time span.


The author stated in some prefatory remarks, that a belief in the operation of the laws of numerical harmonic ratio in the constitution of beautiful forms had long existed, although those laws had not been systematised so as to render them applicable in the formative arts. In proof of this, Mr Hay quoted a correspondence upon the subject of harmonic ratio, between Sir John Harrington and Sir Isaac Newton, in which the latter expresses his belief in such laws in the following words: "I am inclined to believe some general laws of the Creator prevailed with respect to the agreeable or unpleasing affections of all our senses; at least the supposition does not derogate from the power or wisdom of God, and seems highly consonant to the simplicity of the macrocosm in general." The belief of this great philosopher, the author trusted, would form some apology to men of science for the repeated attempts he has made to establish the fact. These attempts he had hitherto made with reference to architecture, to ornamental design, and latterly to the human head and countenance; but on the present occasion he intended to shew the operation of these laws in constituting the symmetrical beauty of the entire human figure.


The invention relates to ham sausages, particularly to a ham sausage containing pickled hot peppers. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a ham sausage which is rich in dietary fibers and contains pickled hot peppers, and the ham sausage is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of meat, 8-15 parts of pickled hot pepper, 10-13 parts of water, 3-4 parts of vegetable protein, 5-7 parts of starch, 2-3 parts of egg liquid and 2-3 parts of flavoring. In the invention, different styles of hot peppers are added into the ham sausage to endow the ham sausage with the characteristics of sourness, piquancy and fragrance, so that the ham sausage has more unique taste, can satisfy the special hobbies of consumers for sour and peppery taste, increases the dietary fiber component in the ham sausage, and is more beneficial to body health than an ordinary ham sausage.


This paper summarizes the knowledge concerning porous media combustion techniques as applied in engines. The one important reasons of this review is to introduce readers about knowledge for porous media application in internal combustion engine. Porous Medium (PM) as a heat reactor in diesel engine has been considered as a promising concept to approach a near-zero emission system. It takes full advantage of PM geometry and material characteristics to perform homogeneous combustion, therefore reduces significantly emission under all operational conditions. Keyword—Ceramic Porous Foam, Diesel Engine, Silicon Carbide (Sic), PM Chamber.


List of illustrations Abbreviations Preface 1. Great changes 2. Free society, penal colony, slave society, prison? 3. The rule of law 4. The courts 5. The magistracy 6. Policing a penal colony 7. The campaign for trial by jury 8. Conclusion Appendices Notes Bibliography Index.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of panoramic radiography for detection of periapical endodontic lesions. 50 panoramic radiographs with endodontic treated teeth with periapical lesions were examined. They were processed by a computer program Adobe Photoshop CS5. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between mean values of the index K, measured in the angle of the mandible and the endolesion.


The invention fertilization using the fermentation broth and the fermentation broth in which the fermentation of the plant (施肥, fertilizer application), or relates to a pesticidal method, more specifically, Sophora flavescens, jarigong, Solanum nigrum, kkotmureut, cocculus, dose shot his temp through the roof, impatiens, baekhwadeung, boksucho , daffodils, celandine, peony, keunkkot euahri, it uses the fermentation broth produced by the fermentation of natural plants such as Alismataceae as fertilizers or pesticides, as well as to prevent contamination of the soil without the use of chemicals at all, and controlling pests crops in due to supply nutrients, if you use the plant fermented according to the invention as a fertilizer or pesticides it is the best in chemical-free organic farming as a pollution-free with no harm to human or animal aversion for the most recent plants are genetically modified to It has also capable of wiping effect.


This paper introduced a new optimize method,in which the index that could describe the internal structure characteristic and the outer influence factor of the model of the system reliability.Based on the index,this paper also designed a new algorithm that was used to distribute the reliability to the separated systems reasonably.


We present total-energy calculations of finite clusters of silicon atoms in the presence of atomic oxygen. In the calculation we allow atomic relaxation to determine the equilibrium local configuration of atoms. The results show how oxygen breaks the covalent silicon-silicon bond forming a local configuration similar to that of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$. This breaking mechanism is essential to understand the oxygen uptake in the process of the oxidation of silicon.


The 7th North East Indian Linguistics Society (NEILS7) workshop and conference was held from 31 January to 4 February 2012 at the Don Bosco Institute, Khaghuli Hills, in Guwahati, Assam. The event was organised by Jyotiprakash Tamuli and Anita Tamuli (Gauhati University), Mark Post (James Cook University) and Stephen Morey (La Trobe University). It was heartening to see many new as well as familiar faces, including local researchers from across India (particularly Assam and Manipur) and international ones from Australia, France, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Of the countries neighbouring North East India, we also had researchers from Nepal, Bhutan, and, for the first time at a NEILS conference, researchers from Bangladesh.


The article analyzes the reform policy of Maria Theresa and Joseph II in the field of urban development in the Austrian monarchy and determines its influence on the cities of Galicia (second half of the 18th century)). It is noted that the reformist policies of Maria Theresa and Joseph II limited the power of large owners in Galicia, created conditions for raising the material and educational level of the local population. Imperial measures to limit city self-government were correlated with a decrease in the competence of land sejms - landtags. The new government was looking for a model of successful administration for the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. Therefore, it was decided that Galicia should not be governed according to the model of any old province, but should receive a new, more efficient administrative apparatus. Centralization reforms in Hungary and Bohemia encountered strong opposition from local political elites. Galicia was a new province and the reform strategy here had to be completely different. The goal was to dismantle all that was left of the Polish system of governance, and in its place to create a new, perfect administrative state apparatus. Anton Pergen, the first governor of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, wrote about this in his memorandum to Empress Maria Theresa. The plan was approved by the empress. She liked the idea of turning Galicia into a "model province" (Musterprovinz) for other territories of the Habsburg monarchy.It was established that the Austrian authorities considered the cities as potential industrial centers of the country (following the Prussian or British model). Apart from Vienna, cities such as Budapest, Trieste, Fiume and Prague were more or less industrial and commercial centers. Industrial revolution on the border of the 18th and 19th centuries. belatedly, but still reflected in the structure and growth of individual cities of the empire. In order to contribute to the rise of cities, it was necessary to modernize and introduce new technologies. For this purpose, under both Maria Theresa and Joseph II, tax benefits were introduced for several years for entrepreneurs who installed machines in their factories. There were programs to attract skilled workers from Germany and Italy. Tax breaks and exemptions from the army were introduced for colonists, and rules were introduced for entrepreneurs that encouraged the use of modern technologies in factories and factories. On the other hand, penalties were applied to those who did not want to obey the changes. For example, high fines were imposed in Moravia in 1754 and in Bohemia in 1756 for the lack of modern technologies in paper production. Enterprises that used machines for the technological process of production were completely exempt from paying taxes for several years.


The Bulletins for Characteristic Figures of Solar Phenomena published by the International Astronomical Union have given the daily sun-spot numbers for each of the solar quadrants for the year 1936. These data make it possible to compare the localization of sun-spot activity on both the northern and southern hemispheres of the sun for that period. This has been done, using the solar rotation period of 27.25 days, and the result of the comparison is shown in Figure 1,


Abstract Techniques introduced by G. Pisier in his proof that finite von Neumann factors with property Γ have length at most 5 are modified to prove that the length is 3. It is proved that if such a factor is a complemented subspace of a larger C*-algebra then there exists a projection of norm one from the larger algebra onto the smaller and a new proof of the fact that the continuous Hochschild cohomology group H2c(M, M) vanishes is also included.


SUMMARY This paper illustrates the use of neural network techniques for analyzing headway data collected from a group of 36 driving subjects during normal on-highway driving. Pattern recognition methods are used to identify different types of headway-keeping behavior exhibited by these drivers and their relative distributions. Possibilities for using neural networks to represent longitudinal control behavior of drivers are also considered and discussed.


A silicon on reflector (SOR) substrate containing a thin crystal silicon layer and a buried Si/SiO 2 Bragg reflector is reported. The substrate, which is applied to optoelectronic devices, is fabricated by using Si based sol gel sticking and smart cut techniques. The reflectivity of the SOR substrate is close to unity at 1 3μm's wavelength under the normal incidence.


We present a simple, compact and low–cost fibre optic refractive index sensor based on core diameter mismatch. The sensor has been made by etching out the whole cladding and some portion of the core of a SM 600 fibre. The etched out portion of the fibre makes the device sensitive to the external refractive index. We have carried out simulation and experimental study on the performance of proposed refractive index sensor. A good agreement between simulated and experimental results has been obtained. .


This thesis presents a mixed methods study to develop specialty specific clinical practice standards for Emergency Nurse Practitioners. This is the first time in Australia that Nurse Practitioners standards have been developed for a clinical specialty. These standards will guide educational preparation for the role and ongoing Continuous Professional Development for endorsed Emergency Nurse Practitioners.


Many inorganic and organic materials exhibit redox states with distinct electronic (UV-vis) absorption bands. When the switching of redox states generates new or different visible region bands, the material is electrochromic. Electrochromic materials are currently attracting much interest in academia and industry for both their fascinating spectroelectrochemical properties and their commercial applications. In this review some of the most important examples from the major classes of electrochromic materials are highlighted. Examples of their use in both prototype and commercial electrochromic devices are illustrated including car mirrors, windows and sun-roofs of cars, windows of buildings, displays (see Figure), printing, and frozen-food monitoring.


number of questions remain. We hypothesized that CRRT may precipitate a form of thrombocytopenia. In trials thrombocytopenia occurred at rates as high as 70%. The etiology remains unknown and results in additional diagnostic workup, and possibly drug therapy. The extent, duration, and temporal relation of thrombocytopenia remains to be determined. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in patients receiving CRRT for > 24 hrs with no pre-existing diagnosis or cause of thrombocytopenia. Patients were evaluated to determine the influence of CRRT on platelet counts. Patients initiated on CRRT had daily platelet counts monitored, and CRRT attributes and therapeutic interventions where collected. Platelets were assessed for time to nadir, degree of decline, and time to return to baseline after discontinuation of CRRT. Results: A total of 49 patients met inclusion criteria with a male predominance and average age of 60. Most patients required CRRT for acute kidney injury. There was a mean decline in platelets of 48% with a mean of 4.6 days to the nadir. An average 2.5 days was observed until counts rose back to baseline or >150 K. This drop resulted in 37% of patients being tested for heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), of which 0% had a positive test; in 44% of these patients suspicion was high enough to justify initiating therapy. Statistical analysis failed to identify any patient attributes correlated with the probability of thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: CRRT appears to be associated with a precipitous drop in platelet counts within the first 5 days of therapy with an average decline of 48%. However, platelets appear to return to > 150K (or baseline) after cessation of CRRT. This fluctuation should be considered in the setting of patients developing thrombocytopenia after initiated on CRRT.


Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease associated with poor quality of life and great financial burden. Despite training on self-management of diabetes mellitus, its knowledge and practice among diabetic patients has been low. The study assessed the effect of nurse-led training on self-management of diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients attending the medical out-patient's clinic of General Hospital Odan, Lagos, Nigeria. Study Design: One group pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental study was adopted. Methodology: Researchers included 20 diabetic patients (12 men, 8 women; age range 25-65 years) attending medical outpatient clinic of the hospital using purposive sampling. Participants completed a developed questionnaire to assess knowledge and practice regarding diabetes self-management pre-intervention and two weeks post-intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Results: There was 70% increase in knowledge regarding diabetes self-management among participants post-intervention. There was 45% increase in practice regarding diabetes self-management among participants post-intervention. Result showed significant difference in the effect of a nurse-led training on knowledge regarding self-management among diabetic patients pre and post-intervention with a mean difference in knowledge score of 14.2 (P=.000) . Result also showed significant difference in effect of nurse-led training on practice regarding self-management among diabetic patients pre and post-intervention with a mean difference in practice score of 1.05 (P= .000 ). Conclusion: Training program on self-management of diabetes can improve diabetic out-patients knowledge and practice regarding diabetes self-management. The study recommended that hospitals should regularly expose patients to training programmes on diabetes self-management to improve patients' quality of life.


The undulator system for European-XFEL is longer than 100 m. To constrain the electron beam size over such a long distance, quadrupoles are necessary between undulator segments. Misaligned quadrupoles kick the electron beam and thus generate beam wander as well as phase shake, both of which reduce the FEL performance. At both ends of each undulator segment, the electron beam is also kicked due to gap dependent end fields with a similar impact. In this report, the effect of both is investigated. An upper limit of quad-offset and end-kick is given.