A combination of the density functional theory and the single-site dynamical mean-field theory is employed to study the pressure dependence of electronic structure for cubic phase californium. We predict that its 5$f$ electrons could undergo an orbital-selective localized-itinerant transition under moderate pressure. The volume contraction causes remarkable charge redistribution and valence fluctuation behaviors, which are the driving forces of the divalent-trivalent transition. Additionally, we find that the angular momentum coupling mechanism is hardly affected by pressure. The 5$f$ orbital occupancy is well described by the intermediate coupling scheme.


The effect of nitrate ions on the polarographic waves of ethylenediaminetetraacetatoaquochromate(III) ions has been studied in acetate buffer solutions and acid potassium chloride solutions. Nitrate ions are chemically reduced in the vicinity of the mercury drop of the electrode by chromium(II)-EDTA complexes which are formed by the electroreduction of chromium (III)-EDTA complexes. The chromium (III)-EDTA complexes thus formed are reduced again at the DME and the intermediate products of nitrate ions are reduced further chemically with chromium (II)-EDTA complexes or electrochemically, resulting in the enhancement of the current. The nature of the limiting current is investigated and compared with that predicted from the theoretical treatment. The reaction between chromium(II)-EDTA and nitrate ions has also been investigated in acetate buffer solutions and its rate constant, 35 1. mol−1 sec−1 at nearly 0°C, μ=0.1, has been compared with 30 l. mol−1 sec−1, the value obtained from the polarographic catalyt...


Objective To set up a method for the determination of the content of lead (plumbum, Pb) in the traditional Chinese medicine changtong oral liquid. Methods Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of lead under the following conditions: forward power , 1.35 kW;reflection power,5 W;sample depth , 6.8 mm;cold argon gas flow, 12.0 L·min~(-1);auxiliary argon gas flow, (1.0) L·min~(-1),and nebulous argon gas flow, (1.0 L·min~(-1)). Results The calibration curve was linear when the concentrations of the heavy metal Pb were in the range of (1-8 μg·mL~(-1 ))(r=0.999 2).The average rate of recovery of Pb was 99.12%,RSD=2.86%(n=5). Conclusion The method was shown to be simple, rapid and sensitive and could be used for the quality control of the changtong oral liquid with respect to its content of Pb. The Pb content in the changtong oral liquid accorded with the national stipulations.


This paper presents the design of a fast-settling reference voltage buffer (RVBuffer) which is used to buffer the high reference voltage in a 10-bit, 50 MS/s successive approximation register (SAR) ADC implemented in 65 nm CMOS. Though numerous publications on SAR ADCs have appeared in recent years, the role of RVBuffers in ensuring ADC performance, the associated design challenges and impact on power and FoM of the entire ADC have not been discussed in-depth. In this work, the speed limitation on precise settling of the digital-to-analog converter voltage (DAC) in a SAR ADC imposed by parasitic inductances of the bondwire and PCB trace is explained. The crucial design parameters for the reference voltage buffer in the context of the SAR ADC are derived. Post-layout simulation results for the RVBuffer are provided to verify settling-time, noise and PSRR performance. In post-layout simulation which includes the entire pad frame and associated parasitics, the SAR ADC achieves an ENOB of 9.25 bits at a supply voltage of 1.2 V, typical process corner and sampling frequency of 50 MS/s for near-Nyquist input. Excluding the reference voltage buffer, the ADC consumes 697 μW and achieves an energy efficiency of 25 fJ/conversion-step while occupying a core area of 0.055 mm2.


Background Ischemic preconditioning attenuates the effects of subsequent sustained ischemia by a mechanism involving adenosine and G proteins in several species. Adenosine is not involved in ischemic preconditioning of rat hearts, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Methods and Results Reduction of isometric tension development was used as an index of the effects of ischemia in isolated, Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. Two 5-minute periods of ischemia followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion attenuated the reduction of developed tension caused by 30 minutes of ischemia and 15 minutes of reperfusion. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX), depletion of norepinephrine stores with reserpine, or blockade of α1-adrenoceptors with prazosin prevented the effects of ischemic preconditioning. Whereas α1B-receptor blockade with chloroethylclonidine blocked ischemic preconditioning, α1A-receptor blockade with 5-methylurapadil had no effect. The α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine mimicked the effects of isc...


It is regarded in the article theoretical-methodological basis of social cultural technologies in social cultural activities, its social-pedagogical meaning in the improvement of the axiophere of social cultural environment as a necessary condition for the building of socially important characteristics of the personality, its involvement in a creative activity in a modern society.


Petroleum products such as gasoline or oils tend to age over time with iterative thermocycles, leading to a degradation in quality. To investigate this aging process, spectroscopy techniques involving nonlinear four-wave mixing have been recently used to shed light on the viscoelastic properties of these materials. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering is an emerging spectroscopy technique for monitoring changes in the mechanical properties of materials by using a transient laser grating to create acoustic waves within the sample. A probe beam then diffracts off of this standing acoustic wave and yields in a frequency shift detected using optical heterodyning. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering was used to examine mineral oils, motor oils, and a variety of different gasoline grades. The gasoline samples underwent thermocycling to 70°C and back to room temperature to observe viscoelastic differences and noticeable hysteresis.


FDA and Wellstat Therapeutics Corporation on December 11, 2015, announced the approval of uridine triacetate oral granules for emergency use in patients who receive an overdose of fluorouracil or capecitabine or have severe or life-threatening adverse events within four days of treatment with either


The invention relates to a torsion beam axle for a wheel suspension of a motor vehicle. The twist beam suspension comprises a tordierbares transverse profile (1) and at each of the ends of the transverse profile (1) one with the transverse profile (1) connected to the longitudinal arms (2, 3). Each trailing arm a about a steering axis (10, 11) transmits (2, 3) pivotable wheel support (8, 9), wherein the wheel support (8, 9) via ball joints (12, 13) by means of a tie rod (14) connected to each other, and are coupled to an actuator device (15) for generating a steering movement of the wheel carrier about their respective steering axis (10, 11). The beam axle is characterized by on the track rod (14) acting kinematic coupling arrangement (17), wherein the coupling arrangement (17) for fixing the tie rod (14) of the rotational movement degree of freedom (18) is arranged. With the invention, a torsion beam axle is provided in the tie rod and actuator - maintaining an optimal kinematic determination under all operating conditions - with respect to the minimization of track difference angles or unbalanced deflection behavior.


To characterize key odorants in scallion pancake (SP), volatiles were extracted by solvent extraction-solvent assisted flavor evaporation. A total of 51 odor-active compounds were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). (Z/E)-3,6-Diethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrathiane was detected for the first time in scallion food. Application of aroma extract dilution analysis to extracts showed maltol, methyl propyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide and 2-pentylfuran had the highest flavor dilution (FD) factor of 4096. Twenty-three odorants with FD factors ≥ 8 were quantitated, and their odor active values (OAVs) were calculated. Ten compounds with OAVs ≥ 1 were determined as the key odorants; a recombinate model prepared from the key odorants, including (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, dimethyl trisulfide, methyl propyl disulfide, hexanal, dipropyl trisulfide, maltol, acetoin, 2-methylnaphthalene, 2-pentylfuran and 2(5H)-furanone, successfully simulated the overall aroma profile of SP. The changes in odorants during storage were investigated further. With increasing concentrations and OAVs during storage, hexanal became an off-flavor compound.


This article introduces inspecting ball bonding with some Machine Vision algorithm on process of encapsulating semiconductor device,which mainly contain Image Pretreatment,Image Segmentation with auto threshold,Image expanding,File up hole,Image connection,Generate circle region,Inspect circularity shape,Calculate Circle radius. Then we can get a good method to achieve Inspecting ball bonding through make a lot of experiments to decide the parameter.


Mental health is a condition that has an intensive impact on the general wellbeing of an individual as a whole. It actually acts as reflection which provides a sense of satisfaction to an individual or to the society. In other words, it predetermines how an individual respond to societal issues, inter and intrapersonal relationship in social context. However, when a concern regarding mental health status arises, it becomes a serious threat for the individual or to the entire society. The associated result of the mental health issue can be disastrous most especially at adolescence and adulthood [1]. Based on Sommers' survey [1], the effect of hearing loss on mental health among individuals with hearing loss becomes evident when disability starts effecting the communicative skills which in turn becomes a serious concern. Hearing loss basically includes those who group of individuals who are Deaf and/or Hard of hearing. In other words, the inability to perceive or comprehend any kind of auditory/verbal stimulus as compared to individuals with normal hearing ability has an extensive impact on psychosocial development of individuals with hearing loss. The most crucial effect in the life of an individual with hearing loss is incompetent to follow verbal instructions, and this limits the potentiality to develop speech and language skills which is the essential for communication thus having a cascading effect every aspect of human life including emotional and social development, family interconnectedness, social competence and over all perceived Abstract


Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. AbstractPhysics of the work of transformer with the ferromagnetic core is examined. The new types of transformers with the ferroelectric cores are proposed, and physics of the work of such transformers is also examined.


This article describes how applying lessons learned from close inspection of failed feedwater heaters can improve operation of similar heaters and can be used to modify design specification for future procurements. Post-mortem examination of failed feedwater heaters can reveal the underlying causes of failure and the mechanisms involved. Although the primary purpose of the analysis is to avoid repeating past mistakes -- by adjusting operating practices to reduce the rate of heater deterioration -- the techniques are also beneficial to safety, specifying, and inspection engineers, as well as to personnel concerned with equipment-life extension. Presented here are guidelines for inspecting typical horizontal, three-zone, manway- and full-access heaters.


The problem of constructing a dynamic model of pollution of a typical element of urban infrastructure is considered. The model of pollution in the form of an ordinary differential equation is proposed, which is identified by means of difference expressions with subsequent refinement using gradient methods. Numeric experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


An invitation to participate in a broad ranging discussion that infuses information maintenance with practices, relationships, and ways of thinking and being that represent a coherent ethic of care.


Abstract : We present three numerical models of accretion from radiation driven stellar winds onto compact objects in massive X-ray binary systems. The wind is given a velocity profile consistent with a radiatively driven wind, and a 'negative mass' gravitational potential is derived from this profile to represent the wind driving force in the hydrodynamic equations. An X-ray heating model is used which determines the X-ray heating time from the Compton heating time and the known steady state energies for optically thin gas illuminated by X-rays. This allows X-ray heating to be included in the hydrodynamic equations. The X-ray luminosity is held proportional to the accretion rate, assuming that the gravitational potential energy released is equivalent to 10% of the infalling rest-mass energy. A two-dimensional Eulerian computer code is used to solve the equations of motion. Model estimates of the ionization structure, accretion rates and flow characteristics, and the effects of thermal instabilities are discussed. The impact of the X-ray radiation on the wind driving force is demonstrated. Results indicate a possible mechanism for slow X-ray flares, such as observed in 4U1700-37.


This study aims at studying the peak daily rainfall distribution characteristics in Nigeria, by using different statistical analyses such as Gumbel, Log-Gumbel, Normal, Log-Normal, Pearson and Log-Pearson distributions. 20 stations having annual rainfall data of fifty-four (54) years were selected to perform frequency analysis. Mathematical equation for the probability distribution functions were established for each station and used to predict peak rainfall, the predicted values were subjected to goodness of fit tests such as chi-square, Fisher's test, correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination to determine how best the fits are. The model that satisfies the tests adequately was selected as the best fit model. Results showed that the log-Pearson type III distribution performed the best by occupying 50% of the total station number, while Pearson type III performed second best by occupying 40% of the total stations and lastly by log-Gumbel occupying 10% of the total stations. [New York Science Journal. 2009;2(3):1-12]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).


Abstract Sterically protected low-coordinate organophosphorus compounds such as diphosphenes, phosphaalkenes, 1,3-diphosphaallenes, 1-phosphaallenes, phosphaalkynes, and 3,4-diphosphinidenecyclobutenes are described, which are stabilized with an extremely bulky 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl (Mes*) group. The structures, physical and chemical properties are highly interesting, because they are unusual phosphorus compounds. Graphical Abstract


A hydrogenation catalyst, operating under mild conditions can be prepared by dissolving H2PtCl6 and SnCl2 · 2 H2O in acetic acid. After injection of an unsaturated compound under a H2-atmosphere the active moiety of the catalyst is generated. No active moiety of catalyst is formed if the compound has a triple bond. But acetylenic derivatives are hydrogenated if the active moiety of the catalyst is first produced by hydrogenation of cyclohexene.


India is a vast country with 329 million hectares of geographical area with agriculture still as a main occupation of 70 per cent of Indian population. Weeding is an essential operation in agriculture to prevent undesired species from growing and consuming the key resources (i.e. water, minerals, soil and sunlight) and thereby compromising crop yield. Farmers spend a large amount of time and money managing weeds. Weeds are always associated with human endeavors and because huge reductions in crop yields, increase cost of cultivation, reduce input efficiency, interfere with agricultural operations, impair quality, act as alternate hosts for several insect pests, diseases and nematodes. At a conservative estimate, an amount of Rs.100 billion is spent on weed management annually in India, in arable agriculture alone. The rotary type weeder stirs the soil more accurately, disturb the weed root and remove them from soil. In addition this helps in keeping the soil in loose condition for proper aeration. The major advantage of rotary power weeder is power being used for rotary weeder blades requires less draft and improved field performance. A portable knapsack power weeder was developed with width of cut was 25 cm and tested in chilli crop with number of blades per flange (2, 4 and 6). Operational speed, actual field capacity, field efficiency, weeding efficiency, plant damage, actual working depth of cut, fuel consumption, performance index of (2,4,6 blades per flange) was 0.43, 0.40 and 0.38 m/s, 0.029, 0.027 and 0.025 ha/h, 77.3, 72.1 and 66.1 per cent, 79.9, 83 and 85.2 per cent, 5.03, 4.73 and 3.30 per cent, 3.46, 4.16 and 4.60 cm,0.64, 0.71, and 0.76 l/h, 132, 128 and 123.


1,3-Butadiene was selectively hydrogenated to cis-2-butene by cobalt(I)-bipyridyl complexes. The order of the addition of butadiene to cobalt complexes determined the distribution of products. The catalytic activity was affected by the bipyridyl/cobalt ratio and halide anions.


1. Some of the consultations sponsored by LCWE were "The Ho mogeneous Unit Principle" (Pasadena, June 1977); "Gospel and Culture" (Willowbank, January 1978); "Evangelical Consultation on Simple Lifestyle" (London, 1980); "Consultation on World Evangelization" (Pattaya, 1980); "Evangelism and Social Respon sibility" (Grand Rapids, 1982); "Holy Spirit and Evangelism" (Mex ico City, 1985); and "Consultation on Conversion," Hong Kong, 1988). 2. Billy Graham, "Our Mandate from Lausanne '74," Christianity. Today 19, no. 20 (july 4, 1975): 959. 3. John Stott to Jack Dain, December 2, 1974, Folder 7, Box34, Collection 46, Records of the Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization, 1970-1984, Archives of the Billy Graham Center, Wheaton, Illinois. 4. Leighton Ford, A Vision Pursued: The Lausanne Movement, 1974-1986 (Fuller Lectures, November 1986), p. 33. 5. "Evangelical Commitment to Simple Lifestyle," in Lifestyle in the Eighties: An Evangelical Commitment to SimpleLifestyle, ed. Ronald Sider (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1982), p. 19. 6. Ford to Stott, August 4, 1980, Folder 7, Box 3, Collection 46, Archives of the Billy Graham Center. 7. Donald Hoke to Ford, July 8, 1980, Folder 12, Box 7, Collection 46, Archives of the Billy Graham Center. 8. Ford, A Vision Pursued, p. 57. 9. "A Statement of Concern" appears in Texts on Evangelical Social Ethics 1973-1974,Vol. 1, ed. Rene Padilla and Chris Sugden (Bramcote, Nottingham: Grove Books Limited, 1985), pp. 22-25. 10. Ibid. 11. Orlando Costas, "Proclaiming Christ in the Two Thirds World," in Sharing Jesus in the Two Thirds World, ed. Vinay Samuel and Chris Sugden (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1984), p.3. 12. "Thailand Statement," in The Future of World Evangelization: Un reached People '84, ed. Edward Dayton and Samuel Wilson (Monrovia: MARC, 1984), pp. 148-56. 13. "Grand Rapids Report: Evangelism and Social Responsibility," in The Church in Response to Human Need,ed. Tom Sine (Monrovia, Calif: MARC, 1983), pp. 452-55. 14. "Grand Rapids Report," p. 456. 15. It should also be recognized that many of those at Lausanne were committed to mission in a holistic perspective and were networking for it at Lausanne II. The Covenant had been too big a blessing to be chained and the Lausanne informal network had become too wide and deeply rooted in third-world soil to be restricted to a narrow and ascetic understanding of evangelization. 16. See especially Caesar Molebatsi's address entitled "Reaching the Oppressed," in Transformation 7 (january/March 1990): 25-27. How ever, there was an unavoidable sense that Molebatsi was out of tune with the official stance of the congress, even if very much in tune with many participants who gave him a significant ovation. 17. From the writer's own unpublished manuscript. 18. "Report of the Social Concern Track," p. 2.


In today's retail landscape, the goal of retaining loyal customers is a pivotal part of success. Multichannel retailers offer an extended service package which increases the chances of totally sati ...


The method for client provisioning, apparatus, systems, program products, and the computer-implemented method are disclosed. Predetermined apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive configuration information for the device. The configuration information includes one or more links indicative of settings. The apparatus also includes a processor that is adapted to the first set, identified by a link indicative of a second setting.


The investigation of the heating mechanism of a material sample in an energized electromagnetic cavity requires the understanding of the interaction of the electromagnetic fields with the material sample in a cavity. The key step for this understanding is to quantify the distribution of the induced electric field by solving an Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) or a Magnetic Field Integral Equation (MFIE) inside the material sample placed in the cavity. In this study, a complete set of vector wave functions which include both solenoidal and irrotational functions are employed. EFIE and MFIE are derived based on the expansion of these vector wave functions. Due to the slow convergence of the dyadic Green's function, some schemes were developed to improve the convergence rate of the numerical calculation in order to save computation time. Numerical results of some material samples agree well with theoretical estimations.


Taking Sanya River Waterfront project as an example,the paper discusses how to apply ecological ideas and method to the field ofurban planning through the analysis of local features and presents design ideas,objectives,design principles and overall layout.


In recent years an increasing interest has evolved concerning seat integrated safety belts in cars, regarding both 3- and 4-point belts in various configurations. One safety advantage of seat integ ...


.............................................................................................................5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................... 10 1.1. Incidence of implant failures ........................................................................... 10 1.2. Chemical composition of PIP implants............................................................... 10 1.3. Exposure considerations ................................................................................. 11 1.4. Toxicological properties................................................................................... 11 1.5. Consequences of implant failure ...................................................................... 11 1.6. Generic Risks and Benefits of removal of PIP silicone breast implants..................... 12 1.7. Recommendations for further work .................................................................... 12 2. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 14 3. TERMS OF REFERENCE........................................................................................ 15 4. APPROACH USED TO DEVELOP THIS OPINION ........................................................ 16 4.1. Summary of the previous opinion..................................................................... 16 4.1.1. Recipients of implants .............................................................................. 16 4.1.2. Reasons for breast implant failure .............................................................. 16 4.1.3. Measurement of implant failures ................................................................ 16 4.1.4. Possible adverse health consequences ........................................................ 16 4.2. Design and administration of the SCENIHR questionnaire .................................... 17 4.3. Data sources used to develop the current opinion............................................... 18 4.3.1. Literature published since the last Opinion in February 2012 .......................... 18 4.3.2. Reports produced by individual Member States and other governments ........... 20 4.3.3. Incident reports collected by the IPRAS (International Confederation for Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery) network) .............................................. 20 4.3.4. Variability in the quality of PIP implants ...................................................... 20 5. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PIP IMPLANTS............................................... 21 5.1. How a silicone gel breast implant is manufactured .............................................. 21 5.2. Properties of PIP implant shells........................................................................ 21 5.3. The contents: Chemical composition and physical properties of PIP implant gels ................................................................................................................. 22 5.4. Cyclic silicones in PIP implants......................................................................... 24 5.5. Conclusions from Physico-Chemical Studies on PIP implants ................................ 25


Progressive movements today call for transformative state-led investment in renewable energy and other climate infrastructures—in the United States, a vision that confronts inherited legacies of austerity. I argue that a significant obstacle is the neoliberal toolkit through which the US federal government subsidizes renewables, an indirect, highly opaque system of tax credits and incentives. For forty years, tax subsidies have 'paid' private financial players to invest in renewables, via allowing them to claim legal tax shelters against their other income. In this political economic analysis, I question, first, how US renewable energy acquired this peculiar form of public finance 'through the tax code', unique in the global industry. Second, I explore how the model has shaped US renewables financing, development, and ownership. I center two decisive moments: the California 'wind rush' in the 1980s, and the ongoing renewables boom of the last fifteen years. This history articulates financial experiments and tax sheltering scandals of the Reagan Administration with exploitation returned today in more organized (and lucrative) form, as 'tax equity' finance. Via tax equity, a handful of major US banks dominate financing for renewables and other politically embattled public goods. They exert a troubling ability to extract rents for their capital, gatekeep what projects get built and by whom, and stall US renewables development altogether. Today, the practice is increasingly strained by these and other problems—growing public costs, private capacity ceilings, and amplification of sectoral crises. Under Biden, it faces probable reform, but may need more comprehensive reimagination.


The aims are to evaluate morpho-anatomical bud development during dormancy and to compare the heat requirement needed to start bud break in several grapevine cultivars characterised by different geographic origins. A detailed description is presented of the bud growth stages of Vitis vinifera cultivars to contribute to the standardisation of national and international testing systems of fruit growing. Based on the general BBCH-scale, the codes describe the first stages of budbreak in several cultivars with different geographical origins. Dormancy release was evaluated both under natural and forcing conditions, appropriate method to establish the budbreak of deciduous species. The cultivars were characterised in relation to the achievement of complete bud scale opening stage (03 of BBCH scale) which is suggested to consider as an early and indicator of budbreak.


Marine fish aquaculture has been introduced on the East sea since 1964. The production volume of the marine aquaculture has been increasing drastically since 1990 with the technological improvements and the introduction of new species. However, the increasing costs of feed, seedlings and medical supplies and the decreasing prices due to the increase in the imports and domestic production have decreased the profits in the aquaculture business. Futhermore, the damage from the natural disasters such as red tides and typhoons has accelerated the exit from the business. Even though managing abilities to overcome the business crisis caused by the above factors are required, business managers based on the small scale family businesses do not have enough managing abilities to deal with the difficulties in the business. On the other hand, advanced countries in the marine aquaculture such as Norway have reached the stage where the managing abilities of marine aquaculture are similar to those in the manufacturing industry. And the number of large scale aquaculture farms with developed technologies and advanced marketing strategies in those countries is increasing. Considering that the marine aquaculture in Japan under the similar fishery systems of Korea has developed the state-of-the-art management skills or lead to large scale management, it is difficult to expect the decrease in the production costs under the small scale family business in Korea and this will lead to the decreasing competitive advantage over the imported seafood. Therefore marine aquaculture in Korea needs to increase the economy of scale to acquire the competitive advantage. This study addresses the possibility of introducing the large scale aquaculture system in Korea by analysing the factors and process of leading to large scale businesses in the aquaculture in Japan.


The article deals with the national and collective pandemic responses at the early stage of the COVID‑19 spread in Europe. It is noted that the European Union was not ready for such a cataclysm, despite the history of the spread of serious infectious diseases and the presence of special services and road maps. The virus that began to circulate in Asia, was not initially perceived by the EU representatives as a real threat. Moreover, its leadership ignored the voices of some member states of the Union, focusing on solving other problems. In turn, the countries left without Brussels' attention began to counteract the new Coronavirus independently, using the anti-crisis tools that were prescribed in the existing pandemic plans. The existence of such national programs determined the specificity of the measures taken in the very first days. The author identifies three models of the EU member states' behavior. The first one was common for the states of the so-called "political core of the EU" which refused to adopt strict lockdown measures due to their unwillingness to weaken democracy, violate human rights and limit civil liberties. The second group, comprised mainly of the EU‑11 countries, imposed severe measures. The author sees the rationale for this step in the fact that local authorities doubted the capabilities of national health systems in passing a pandemic stress test. The third group includes states that have chosen the way of achieving herd immunity – the most controversial option of resistance to viral infection, that has not proven its effectiveness. The article demonstrates that the period of growing national egoism was followed by a stage of decisive measures by the central authorities of the EU. They were able to develop a suitable package of measures that took into consideration the interests of the most affected countries of the Union. The consolidation of the EU after a temporary weakening became possible due to the "reset" of the Franco-German tandem.


two identical 5-ml syringes containing colourless fluid, labelled with colour-coded stickers according to international standards, where redlabelled neuromuscular blocking drug was mistaken for orangelabelled midazolam and given before induction, resulting in awake paralysis. These are not solitary occurrences [4]. We agree with Rowe that neuromuscular blocking drugs should be instantly recognisable to reduce the risk of such errors, and that red-plunger syringes, if used exclusively for neuromuscular blocking drugs, have the potential to achieve this. However, coloured syringes continue to be difficult to source within the UK. We have therefore designed a way to highlight and distinguish syringes that contain neuromuscular blocking drugs, by the addition of two colour-coded stickers applied to the plunger of the syringe (Fig. 1), in a similar manner to that described by Bennett [5]. This makes the syringe instantly recognisable and clearly differentiated [6] from other syringes of the same size containing colourless fluid. Could this simple 'DIY' method lead to fewer syringeswap drug errors and improved patient safety?


Objective: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous disease in the group of predominantly antibody deficiencies, which is defined by hypogammaglobulinemia and normal or low level of B cells, and characterized by increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the proliferation of the B and T lymphocytes in patients with CVID. Method: The proliferation of CD19 + , CD21 + , CD27 + B cells, and CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + T cells were investigated by Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester (CFSE) method. CVID patients (n=13) and control group (n=5) were enrolled in the study. B and T cells were isolated from periferal blood samples with the negative selection procedure called Rosette Sep andthe isolated lymphocytes were stained in dark using CFSE. The cells were stimulated with anti- CD2, CD3, CD28 (CDmix) and cultured for four days in order to determine T cell proliferation. The proliferation of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Isolated B cells were cultured for four days along with anti-IgM+IL-4. The proliferation of CD19 + , CD27 + and CD21 + B cells were analyzed with flow cytometry.  Results: First proliferation of T lymphocytes and CD19 + B lymphocytes and second proliferation of CD4 + T lymphocytes after stimulation were increased in CVID patients compared to healthy controls.  Conclusion: I n CVID patients T cell and B cells proliferation seem to be normal. Key words: CVID, CFSE, Lymphocytes proliferation, T lymphocyte isolation, B lymphocyte isolation


Planning to make the hold force control of one hand' s orthosis, an electronic circuit was developed using the actuator electric current (direct-current motor) as feedback. Verifying the occurrence of over currente in the actuator, it is disactivated. This over chain is regulated in accordance with grip force desired. Carried through experiments the force in the artificial tendons was determined and consequently the torque. As result, the grip force control was gotten in accordance with a regulation in the electronic circuit. This work makes possible greater security for the user and equipment' s control.


ABSTRACT Variability of streamflow has far-reaching impacts especially in developing countries. This is aggravated by climate change which has adversely affected the water resources and food security. This paper presents the characterization trends in extreme streamflow regimes with a view to providing information for planning local coping mechanisms to climate variability and change using streamflow data recorded from 1959 to 2008 in the Lake Naivasha basin in Kenya. The maxima and percentiles of streamflow distributions were investigated to identify changes in extreme intensity and frequency, respectively, using the Mann–Kendall test. The results indicate significant increases in annual maxima at all gauging stations. The flows in the month of November increased significantly at gauging stations 2GB4 and 2GC4. Flow percentile exceedance revealed that the annual 95th percentile exceedance increased significantly at gauging stations 2GB1 and 2GB5 with a decrease in annual 90th and 97th percentile exceedance at gauging stations 2GB4 and 2GC4. The results presented in this paper are useful for climate change adaptation planning and management especially in water supply, hydropower generation and agriculture.


The mass transfer rate to fluid spheres is calculated for power law and Newtonian fluids by using the intermediate Reynolds number stream functions of Nakano and Tien (1970) and Yamaguchi et al. (1974), respectively. The Sh increases with increases in Re and Pe and decreases in n. Better results are obtained with Nakano and Tien's functions when Re > 10 and with Yamaguchi's functions when Re < 10.


The research question being studied in this paper is how do different types of bacteria as food (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus megaterium) affect the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans in dpy-11 mutant-type and wild-type? P. fluorescens and B. megaterium will be the two pathogens that will be tested on two different types of C. elegans: mutant-type dpy-11 and wild-type. From the analysis of primary articles studying these pathogens, it can be concluded that P. fluorescens and B. megaterium are decent contenders for allowing C. elegans to grow and possibly extend the lifespan of it. P. fluorescens will allow the lifespan of the two types of nematodes to be longer. Additionally, the mutant-type dpy-11 of C. elegans will have a much longer lifespan, even double, compared to that of the wild-type. The results showed P. fluorescens had a longer lifespan than B. megaterium but not as long as C. elegans' main food source, E. coli. C. elegans mutant dpy-11 had a longer lifespan than the wild-type. Furthermore, there were no C. elegans present in the B. megaterium wild-type plates.


This work has developed numerical models simulating steel plate corrosion degradation and presents a series of novel finite element modeling to assess the influence of localized pit distribution and bench-shaped pits, which are often observed in long-term exposures. Four location patterns of one-sided corroded shipping steel plates have been considered, which include both geometric and material non-linearities. Validation of the modeling method is achieved by a thermoelastic stress analysis, which provides the principal stress distribution over the plate surface. The modeling results demonstrate that the frequently detected localized corrosion may reduce the ultimate strength by up to 20% compared to uniformly corroded plate. In addition, bench-shaped pits may further decrease the ultimate strength by up to 14% compared to the no-bench condition with the same degree of pitting.


Purpose : The aim of this study to evaluate the exposure to workplace violence of emergency service workers and its effects on job satisfaction. Methods: Research data were collected from 136 emergency se rvice workers of one university hospital between May and September 2019. Structured self-administere d qu stionnaire and job satisfaction scale were use d a data collection form. The findings obtained from the stu dy were evaluated with the SPSS 22.00 package progr am and the significance level was accepted as p <0.05 in a ll an lyses. Results: The mean age of the participants in the study was 30.94 ± 6.77, and the working year of the emergency service was 3.91 ± 4.01. It was determined that 61 % of the participants were single, 38.2% were gradu ated from high school and 41.9% were nurses. It was determine d that 86.6% of the participant was exposed to viol ence during the time they worked in the emergency servic , 84.6% of the violence they suffered was verbal a use, and 84.6% of the participants have been subjected to vi olence by patients' relatives. A statistically sign ificant difference was found between the emergency service workers' exposure to workplace violence in the emer gency service and their job satisfaction levels (p = 0.04 ). Conclusion: It was concluded that workplace violence reduces j ob satisfaction level, most of the emergency service workers are exposed to violence, the type o f violence experienced is mostly verbal abuse and i s practiced by the patient's relative.


Crude glycerol can be obtained with the distillation of biodiesel by-product.Its decoloration process by the absorption of active carbon prepared by coconut shell was investigated and analyzed.The results indicated that LY-725B active carbon was selected as the optimal decolorant.In addition,the decoloration temperature,the decoloration time and the active carbon dosage were chosen as the three main factors of the response surface optimization model.After experiment and analysis with the Minitab Program,the optimal process conditions were found as follows:m(activated carbon)/m(crude glycerol)=0.022,decoloration temperature 48 ℃ and decoloration time 31 min.Under those optimal conditions,the transmittance and once through the yield of discolored glycerol reached 96.1%,and 72.6%,respectively.


The construction and capability of the device are introduced simpely, in the paper several different evaluating techniques are compared and analysed, and Exergy flow chart was set up to analyze its thermal economy. It is the first time to do it in that way on the device with the Exergy analyzing techniques. The technique is simple, directly and the conclusion is reasonable. At last, we take a example with a device running in a power station, its capability and compare it with the capacity of heat exchanger system, all of that support gist and example to select device or to design thermal system in real engineering.


When the basic premise is accepted that co-operation between higher education and industry brings benefit, the co-operation may take a multiplicity of forms. The following article* takes the case of Ireland, a country of 3.5 million inhabitants, a country which, despite its relative economic situation (in terms of GDP, it is the third poorest EC country), is adopting wide-ranging measures to harness the potential of its higher education system.


The paper presents a method of selecting the optimum wavelet that is adapted to the partial discharge (PD) signals to make the wavelet transform work well. The method maximizes the energy of the projection of the signal on the scales by optimizing a certain cost function. Wu's elimination algorithm is used to construct compacted orthogonal wavelets during the optimization. The physical experiment results and analysis show that the PD signals can be extracted more efficiently and deform less by using this method, especially in the case of detecting weak PD signals.


Though we have been engulfed in waves of controversy concerning the liberal-arts college, there has been little analysis of the way in which its organizational structure defeats the educational aims it purportedly serves. Higher education has become a leading example of the bureaucratization of personality which it supposedly makes manifest to the student in order that he may combat anti-democratic influences. In sum, higher education has become part and parcel of that social process which it is its very business to transvaluate, criticize, and establish on sound liberal principles. It is time to return to first principles by relating the organizational structure of the liberal-arts college to the aims and purposes of higher education. Such education is peculiarly a personal relationship between teacher and student, what the sociologists call a primary-group or a faceto-face relationship. It is an intellectual adventure which goes on between a younger, less-trained person and an older, better-trained person. It should not be a cut-and-dried presentation of accumulated knowledge purveyed by individuals tired of saying the same things and anxious to get on with their own research. Nor is it-in principle and aim-a sort of totalitarian party-congress in which a "leader" ascends the lecturer's platform and talks past the ears, or at best into the waiting notebooks, of an assembled group, some of whom can scarcely see him but all of whom can hear him, often over a loud-speaker, and sometimes in quonset huts some acres removed from the source of inspiration in another building on campus. The liberal-arts college has made higher education an impersonal affair in which the student is lucky if during the course of four years of study he gets to know one faculty member well. The faculty members, on their


Article Osajin inhibits solar UV-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression through direct inhibition of RSK2 Running title: Inhibition of RSK2 by Osajin Jong-Eun Kim, Yong-Seok Heo and Ki Won Lee2 Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk UniversitySeoul, Goyang South Korea WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Correspondence should be addressed to: Ki Won Lee, PhD: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea, 151-921, Tel: 822-880-4661; Fax: 82-2-878-6178; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The scarce European dance fly Chelifera aperticauda Collin, 1927 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) is recorded for the first time from Slovakia. One male was found in the Pieniny Mts. The distribution and habitats of this species are reviewed and briefly discussed.


Heat-induced gel forming ability of cardiac myosin and reconstituted actomyosin at different weight ratios was investigated in a model system. In this study, myosin alone always had greater binding power than actomyosin under identical conditions of temperature, pH, and salt and protein concentrations. Especially, myosin formed the strongest three-dimensional gel structure with fine filaments and uniform porosity at pH 5.4 and salt concentration <0.2m KCl on heating to 65°C.We also found that the "cross-linking" role of F-actomyosin, if any, does not seem necessary for enhancing the binding strength, at least of cardiac myosin, since the incorporation of actin in different proportion into the myosin system always produced a weaker gel than that formed by myosin alone at identical protein concentration and thermal processing conditions. However, among acto-myosin complexes, the one with 1:15 weight ratio always yielded a stronger gel than that formed by actomyosin with other ratios of pH 6.0 and 0.6 m KCl....


The limited participation of Iraqi women in community decision-making in Kirkuk and Diyala is the result of various intertwined factors. This study explores emerging opportunities for social transformation in the context of sedimented layers of male privilege and the questioning of restrictive gender norms in the two governorates. With this report, Oxfam and its partners aim to dismantle barriers to women's active participation, which is currently constrained by stereotypes and restrictive ideas about gender. Among the promising pathways for change are awareness-raising activities with male allies, alongside other longer-term efforts advancing transformative change in attitudes, practices, and behaviors.


This paper explores the extent to which women entrepreneurs and their businesses share a set of common characteristics and/or experiences internationally and introduces new research on women entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan. It finds that while women entrepreneurs around the world share many common characteristics, there exist sufficient exceptions or insufficient evidence to validate any unifying typology. Further, that the experiences of women entrepreneurs and the women themselves are not homogenous and that formulation of a typology would be simplistic and, in itself, sexist. The Kazakhstani research introduced suggests the experience of women entrepreneurs there is similar to that of women entrepreneurs in many other countries.


Aims To quantify right ventricular (RV) function in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) before and after pulmonary endarterectomy


Based on the structural features of reticulated shells, arch structures, etc., arch-supported reticulated shell structures have been developed as a new large-span space structural system. In the paper, the acceptability of this hybrid structural system and the reasonable combination of arch structures and reticulated shells with different Gaussian curvatures are discussed. Several ideas on using arch-supported reticulated shell structures to form openable structures are also mentioned. Compared to single-layer reticulated shells, the mechanical behaviour of the hybrid structures, especially the influence of initial geometrical imperfection, was investigated through nonlinear analysis and experimental research on three typical models. Analysis indicates that hybrid structures can efficiently decrease the geometrical imperfection sensitivity and improve their integral mechanical behaviour, which proves that this type of hybrid structures can be used widely.


An account has been given of observations made for over two years on the composition of the milk of the breeds of goat distributed throughout Great Britain. The average percentages of fat and solids-not-fat in the milk of the breeds, together with their standard errors, are recorded. The frequency with which evening and morning samples fell within specified limits of these constituents is indicated for each breed, and diagrammatically for all goats. Detailed analyses of the milk of each breed are given, with the maximum and minimum values encountered and the standard errors of the average figures. Comparison is made of the composition of the milk of the goat with that of the cow. The effect of stage of lactation on yield of milk and on percentages of fat and solids-not-fat are shown by means of curves. the effect of age on the yield and composition of milk is indicated. The average yields per lactation for each breed, based upon the records of animals officially recorded during the last ten years are noted.


Military students are a critical subpopulation of adult students. Military students seek higher education to develop meaningful careers and financial independence. Evidence suggests that military students face numerous challenges during their academic endeavors and need a great deal of support to achieve academic success. The goal of the research is to investigate how faculty in a non-traditional US institution best support the needs of military students and help them be successful.


There are an occupant restraining device (10) and a process for complete deployment of an airbag (20), described before the occupant comes into contact with the airbag (20). According to one embodiment, the occupant restraint device (10) comprises a belt device (12), an air bag device (14) with variable inflation and to the seat belt device (12) and the air bag device (14) connected control device (16). The seat belt device (12) has a seat (24) for restraining the occupant and a belt tensioner sensor (28) for detecting a stress or tension in the seat (24). The controller (16) determined by means of the seat belt load, a current Gurtstraffungsrate and triggers the airbag device (14) to deploy the airbag (20) having one or more inflation rates. In other words, the control unit (16) can regulate the inflation of the airbag device (14) by means of a combination of the signals from the seat belt device (12) and the airbag device (14).


The insurance sector mainly consists of insurance companies, insurance agencies, brokers, and reinsurers. For many years, false damages, without being linked to money, have undoubtedly been the most attractive aspect of the insurance industry. However, for quite some time, the insurance sector is also used by money launders to launder crime revenues due to the increasing volume of money transactions day by day. In order to mitigate the risk of money laundering, the insurance sector in Turkey is implementing the compliance program of Turkish Law No: 5549 on "prevention of laundering proceeds of crime." The main components of this compliance program are the identification of the customers and reporting of suspicious transactions. It is concluded that the risk of money laundering should also be considered during damages and compensation payments, especially in life and pension companies. Policy and contract cancellations should be periodically reviewed, and the reasons for cancellations should be documented well.


The aim of this thesis was to follow the prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oral cavity and in the cervix in youth during the period of 2008-2015, a period when HPV vaccination was gradually introduced to young girls in Sweden. In addition, we explored the prevalence of HPV in hypopharyngeal cancer during the period 2000-2012 on the basis that there has been an epidemic of HPV positive tonsillar and base of tongue cancer, which arise in locations with close physiological proximity to the hypopharynx. The main questions addressed were whether HPV prevalence is similar within different cohorts of Swedish youth, how the prevalence changes over time and after the introduction of the HPV vaccines, and if the increased proportion of HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer is mirrored also in hypopharyngeal cancer. Since the prevalence of oral and genital HPV previously observed at a Stockholm youth clinic was high during the period of 2008-2011, there was an opportunity to compare these data to the HPV prevalence in different geographical locations and at other time points. The strong Swedish tradition of biobanking granted access to a relatively large sample of hypopharyngeal cancers, and the high prevalence of HPV in oropharyngeal cancers in Sweden made it credible that HPV would also be present at detectable levels in hypopharyngeal cancer and make it possible to detect changes occurring in the HPV prevalence in this cancer type. To investigate these matters, oral and cervical samples were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA, a questionnaire was used to investigate the sexual experiences of youth, and HPV DNA and p16 expression was analyzed in relation to survival in samples of hypopharyngeal cancer. In Paper I, we could show that oral HPV prevalence was significantly less common in high school students from a middle sized municipality in Sweden (1.8%) than what was observed in 2009-2011 in the Stockholm youth clinic(9.3%). In Paper II, we could show that there were no differences between HPV vaccinated and nonvaccinated women regarding condom use and self-reported STI history, however, vaccinated women were more likely to have had vaginal intercourse and one-night stands (p=0.005, and p=0.046, respectively). In Paper III, we found a low oral HPV prevalence also at the Stockholm youth clinic (1.4%) in 2013-2014 which was lower than what was previously observed at the same clinic (p= 0.00001). Cervical HPV 16, 31 and 70 prevalence was now less common in vaccinated than in non-vaccinated individuals (p =0.0002, p=0.019, and p=0.006, respectively). In Paper IV, we expanded the cohort from paper 3 to also include samples from the fall of 2014 and the spring of 2015. Oral HPV prevalence remained low (1.5%) and cervical HPV 16, 31 and 6 were less common in vaccinated than in non-vaccinated women (p=0.0006, p=0.038 and p=0.009, respectively). In Paper V, we could show that the proportion of HPV positive cases of hypopharyngeal cancer have not increased in Stockholm and that p16 is a poor surrogate marker of active HPV infection in this cancer type. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. Nordfors C, Grün N, Haeggblom L, Tertipis N, Sivars L, Mattebo M, et al. Oral human papillomavirus prevalence in high school students of one municipality in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013;(April):1–4. II. Mattebo M, Grün N, Rosenblad A, Larsson M, Häggström-Nordin E, Dalianis T, et al. Sexual experiences in relation to HPV vaccination status in female high school students in Sweden. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2014;19(2):86–92. III. Grün N, Ährlund-Richter A, Franzén J, Mirzaie L, Marions L, Ramqvist T, et al. Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in youth and cervical HPV prevalence in women attending a youth clinic in Sweden, a follow up-study 2013-2014 after gradual introduction of public HPV vaccination. Infect Dis (London, England). 2015 Jan;47(1):57–61. IV. Grün N, Ährlund-Richter A, Franzén J, Mirzaie L, Marions L, Ramqvist T, et al. Follow-up on oral and cervical human papillomavirus prevalence 20132015 in youth at a youth clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. Infect Dis (London, England). 2016 Feb;48(2):169–70. V. Dalianis T, Grün N, Koch J, Vlastos A, Tertipis N, Nordfors C, et al. Human papillomavirus DNA and p16(INK4a) expression in hypopharyngeal cancer and in relation to clinical outcome, in Stockholm, Sweden. Oral Oncol. 2015 Sep;51(9):857–61. LIST OF RELATED PUBLICATIONS i. Näsman A, Andersson E, Nordfors C, Grün N, Johansson H, MunckWikland E, Massucci G, Dalianis T, Ramqvist T. Int J Cancer. MHC class I expression in HPV positive and negative tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma in correlation to clinical outcome. 2013 Jan 1;132(1):72-81. ii. Näsman A, Romanitan M, Nordfors C, Grün N, Johansson H, Hammarstedt L, Marklund L, Munck-Wikland E, Dalianis T, Ramqvist T. Tumor infiltrating CD8+ and Foxp3+ lymphocytes correlate to clinical outcome and human papillomavirus (HPV) status in tonsillar cancer. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38711. iii. Nordfors C*, Grün N*, Tertipis N, Ährlund-Richter A, Haeggblom L, Sivars L, Du J, Nyberg T, Marklund L, Munck-Wikland E, Näsman A, Ramqvist T, Dalianis T. CD8+ and CD4+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in relation to human papillomavirus status and clinical outcome in tonsillar and base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2013 Jul;49(11):2522-30. iv. Näsman A, Nordfors C, Grün N, Munck-Wikland E, Ramqvist T, Marklund L, Lindquist D, Dalianis T. Absent/weak CD44 intensity and positive human papillomavirus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma indicates a very high survival. Cancer Med. 2013 Aug;2(4):507-18. v. Nordfors C, Vlastos A, Du J, Ahrlund-Richter A, Tertipis N, Grün N, Romanitan M, Haeggblom L, Roosaar A, Dahllöf G, Donà MG, Benevolo M, Ramqvist T, Munck-Wikland E, Dalianis T. Human papillomavirus prevalence is high in oral samples of patients with tonsillar and base of tongue cancer. Oral Oncol. 2014 May;50(5):491-7. vi. Tertipis N, Haeggblom L, Nordfors C, Grün N, Näsman A, Vlastos A, Dalianis T, Ramqvist T. Correlation of LMP10 expression and clinical outcome in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) positive and HPV-Negative tonsillar and base of tongue cancer. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 21;9(4):e95624. vii. Tertipis N, Haeggblom L, Grün N, Nordfors C, Näsman A, Dalianis T, Ramqvist T. Reduced Expression of the Antigen Processing Machinery Components TAP2, LMP2, and LMP7 in Tonsillar and Base of Tongue Cancer and Implications for Clinical Outcome. Transl Oncol. 2015 Feb;8(1):10-7. viii. Ramqvist T, Grün N, Dalianis T. Human papillomavirus and tonsillar and base of tongue cancer. Viruses. 2015 Mar 20;7(3):1332-43. Review. ix. Tertipis N, Hammar U, Näsman A, Vlastos A, Nordfors C, Grün N, ÄhrlundRichter A, Sivars L, Haeggblom L, Marklund L, Hammarstedt-Nordenvall L, Chaturvedi AK, Munck-Wikland E, Ramqvist T, Bottai M, Dalianis T. A model for predicting clinical outcome in patients with human papillomaviruspositive tonsillar and base of tongue cancer. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51: 1580–7.


Obstructive sleep apnea negatively impacts lipid levels, greatly increasing risk for CV disease and independent of obesity, according to the largest analysis of the link to date.


The water supply in the Moscow area in southwestern Latah County, northern Idaho, presents a potentially critical problem because the present supply is barely adequate and the total supply available within the Moscow basin probably will become inadequate in the near future. The area includes about 60 square miles in the Moscow basin. An evaluation of the available geologic and hydrologic data, an estimate of the amount of usable ground water, and a description of the occurrence of ground water in the Moscow basin are presented in this report to assist city and State officials in appraising supplemental sources of water for municipal and other needs in Moscow and vicinity. Crystalline rocks of low permeability crop out in highlands north, east, and south of Moscow and are believed to underlie younger rocks throughout the basin. At places sand, gravel, silt, and clay resulting from weathering and erosion overlie the crystalline rocks, but at other places they interfinger with the Columbia River basalt and constitute the Latah formation. These sedimentary deposits form a permeable zone through which water moves from the surface and becomes confined in sand beds of the Latah formation and permeable zones in the Columbia River basalt. Quaternary eolian and fluviatile sediments compose the surface deposits which contain unconfined ground water, but the yield of water is small. Available data are insufficient to determine accurately the average annual recharge to the artesian aquifers. Natural and artificial discharge from the artesian aquifers in 1955 exceeded the recharge, and records of water levels in artesian wells have shown an annual decline for many years. The amount of water carried off by streams from the Moscow basin is estimated at 12,000 acre-feet yearly. The water in both the artesian and water-table aquifers is of the calcium bicarbonate type: It is moderately hard and contains relatively high concentrations of iron and silica. Reduction of the hardness and the iron content would make the water more suitable for municipal, domestic, and industrial use. The demand for water in Moscow in 1970 is expected to be double that of 3955, thereby increasing the rate of overdraft on the artesian aquifers. Surface water is suggested as a direct supplemental source and for possible artificial recharge of the artesian aquifers as a means of increasing the yield of the present source. 325 326 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY


Carbamates are the pesticides most commonly found in dark colored foods and beverages in cases of accidental or intentional poisoning. In this work, the liquid-liquid extraction with low temperature partitioning (LLE-LTP) was optimized and validated for determination of the carbamates aldicarb, carbofuran and carbaryl in grape juice and chocolate milk beverages. This method involved extraction with acetonitrile, liquid-liquid partition at low temperature and the analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The method is rapid, efficient and of low-cost, employing small volumes of solvent per sample and requiring no cleanup of the extracts. The extraction methodology was selective and presented recovery percentages above 90%. The premises related to the statistical linearity tests were checked and confirmed. The method of extraction and analysis was validated with satisfactory results, and may be applied in forensic and routine analysis.


We measured the subpopulation of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 25 cases with psoriasis.in progressive stage by modified Moretta method in which two subsets of T lymphocytes iuay bear IgG(Tγ)or IgM(Tμ)Fc receptors. The result demonstrated that lymphocytes and T cells in the patients wifh psoriasis were lower than normal value (P

Key words:
Psoriasis


The objective of this thesis was to analyze the activities of a company engaged in the storage and distribution of goods for ?Jednota? stores for a period of one calendar year, to identify potential weaknesses and to suggest measures for their removal. Theoretical knowledge from professional literature was applied in the actual part of the thesis. The analysis of inventory management was conducted with three selected items from the ?A? category for which economically favourable ordering quantity was calculated using the Camp formula; minimum safety stock of 90% and 95% was determined and the point of order was calculated too. These model calculations were then compared with the actual data for all three items: still table water ?Klasik? (2 litres), whole-meal wheat flour ?Klasik? and ?Tuzemak Jindřichohradecký? (0.5 litre).


Objective An RP-HPLC method was established for the determination of phenformin hydrochloride and 1-cyanoguanidine in its tablets.Methods A C18 column was used with the mobile phase of methanol-10 mmol·L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution(pH 3.5)(70∶30),at the detection wavelength of 218 nm for 1-cyanoguanidine and 235 nm for phenformin hydrochloride.Results The calibration curve was linear within 4~40 μg·mL-1.The average recovery was 98.7%,and RSD=1.5%.Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,accurate and reliable for the quality control of phenformin hydrochloride and 1-cyanoguanidine in its tablets.


A method of making a pressure sensor or acoustic transducer having high sensitivity and reduced size. A thin sensing diaphragm is produced by growing a single crystal, highly doped silicon layer on a substrate using a chemical vapor deposition process. The diaphragm is incorporated into a pressure sensor or acoustic transducer which detects pressure variations by a change in the capacitance of a capacitor which includes the diaphragm as a movable member. The thin diaphragm produces a highly sensitive device which can be fabricated in a smaller size than sensors or transducers having thicker diaphragms.


Environmental radiation and radioactivity monitoring has become important to investigate to generate a baseline database in Bengkayang Sea-Beach area, West Borneo. There is a need to conduct an environmental monitoring program to determine any change due to radioactivity radiation released from the nuclear installation in case of normal operation or emergency conditions, where Bengkayang is a candidate site of Indonesia's Nuclear Power Plant. In this study, the background radiation levels have been measured at 9 different tourism beach areas of Bengkayang. Natural background radiation is the main source of radiation for the public of tourism. Calibrated gamma dose monitor were used for the measurement of dose level where reading was taken by placing the survey meter at ground level and at a height of 1 m from the ground (gonad level). The observed background radiation dose rate of 9 beach areas is below the world average. The mean Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AED) is found comparable to other studies. The radiation the population receives due to beach sands mainly results from the time spent on the beach during recreation. The results show that 9 tourism beaches of Bengkayang are considered as safe areas with natural background radiation.


In this article, it has been suggested that the effectiveness of the design and implementation of the process approach in the SMEs sector affects the effectiveness and efficiency of the application of elements of the Six Sigma ™ concept. The selected results of the research have been presented to answer the question to what extent small and medium-sized manufacturing, service and production - service companies in Pomeranian region in Poland are aware of the importance and prepared for the systemic monitoring of their processes in relation to lements of the Six Sigma concept. In the summary the key conclusions of these studies, including the methodological gap and the expected effects of suggested measures have been indicated.


Abstract Suggests that the features of Fuchsia, as depicted on the cover of the Penguin editions of the Titus books (from a MS drawing), may have been borrowed from a girl he painted in the 1930s.


Basal and stimulated by means of isoproterenol lipolysis was similar in adipose tissue either in persons with normal arterial blood pressure or in patients with hypertensive disease. Lipolysis stimulated by noradrenaline was decreased by 23% in hypertension. alpha-Adrenoreceptors appear to be activated in adipose tissue in hypertensive disease.


As China implements its plan to improve scientific innovation, it will need to solve such political and economic problems as finding the proper balance between indigenous efforts and engagement with the global community.


Abstract 4100

Introduction: Among drug-modifying elements age, sex, coexistent diseases, interactions with other drugs, as well as genetically determined altered drug response are included. Analysis of selected gene polymorphisms may lead to an increase treatment safety and efficacy in developing individual therapies. The objectives of the study: 1. Determination of the frequency of the allele variants: TPMT*2, *3A and *3C in population of Polish children treated for acute leukemia. 2. Analysis of the influence of TPMT genetic polymorphism on the occurrence of therapeutic and/or adverse effects such as hematological disorders, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity after thiopurine administration. 3. Determination of the significance of pharmacogenetic profile for dosage optimizing of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-tioguanine. 4. Determination of the leukemia relapse risk in relation to TPMT polymorphism.

Patients and Methods: The study group consisted of 210 patients (121 boys, 89 girls) treated for acute leukemia (167 ALL, 43 AML), with median age 7 (range 1-18) yrs, at following time points: on diagnosis, during intensive chemotherapy and after therapy cessation. Adverse treatment effects during the entire observation period including 6 particular stages was classified according to WHO toxicity scale in each child. Either bone marrow or peripheral blood samples were used for the analyses. DHPLC and RFLP was used for genotype determination for TPMT on selected polymorphisms: TPMT\*2,\*3A,*3C. DNA fragment amplification was used with relevant starters, followed by HpyF10VI (MwoI) and XmiI (AccI) restricting enzymatic digestion. RFLP marking results were validated by DHPLC.

Results: 1. For TPMT IM phenotype ("medium" metabolizer) was detected in 7.65% patients (n=16) and PM phenotype ("slow" metabolizer) in 0.47% cases (n=1), the most frequent polymorphic variant being TPMT*3A (72%). 2. Analysis of changes in selected morphology indicated that in TPMT *2, *3A or *3C polymorphism carriers' group there is a significant decrease in white blood count (p=0.0025), platelet count (p=0.0014) and neutrophil count (p=0.019) in comparison with individuals with the wild variant (TPMT\*1/\*1). In patients with TPMT allelic variants, longer periods of thrombocytopenia in relation to other hematologic parameters were observed (re-induction period: p=0.041, maintenance therapy: p=0.03). In patients with IM phenotype, significantly lower haemoglobin levels were observed only in the end stage of chemotherapy (p=0.032). In patients with ALL and IM the observed risk of leukopenia, (p=0.006), neutropenia (p=0.015) and thrombocytopenia (p=0.011) as well as hepatotoxicity: GOT (p=0.009), LDH (p=0.0014) during the entire treatment period and particular study points (WBC: re-induction p=0.004; PLT: re-induction p=0.045 and maintenance therapy p=0.043) was significantly more frequent. 4. In TPMT polymorphic variant carriers, the relapse of primary disease was statistically less frequent (p=0.0341F). 5. Death risk was not relevant to TPMT genotype.

Conclusions: 1. Frequency of detected TPMT single nucleotide polymorphism in children treated for acute leukemia is consistent with the published data for European population. 2. Thiopurine administration is related to the increase in hematological toxicity (leukopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) in TPMT heterozygotes. 3. Treatment with mercaptopurine or thioguanine should be regarded as an indication for genotyping. 4. TPMT single nucleotide mutation occurrence in children is related to lower risk of relapse in acute leukemia and might be included in the risk group stratification.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Astrometry using wide field coded aperture cameras is the most effective way to obtain prompt locations of gamma ray bursts for observations by narrow field instruments. However, the rate of burst detections using this method has been disappointing. In an attempt to understand this problem, I have been investigating the scaling relationships between instrument characteristics and instrument performance. The ideas are very simple, but the results are sometimes counter‐intuitive.I will discuss the effects of field of view and detector area on detected burst rate. I will also discuss the relationship between instrument architecture and instrument volume, a major limitation and cost driver. I will show how attention to these relationships could lead to an inexpensive mission capable of locating bursts at a very high rate.


Methods and equipment utilized to characterize contamination at the Hanford reservation is described. Borehole logging equipment consisted of a HPGe detector mounted on a down-hole probe. The probe contained a high-rate pulse preamplifier. Detected gamma-ray pulses are amplified and sent uphole. On the surface, module counting equipment and a computer system is available to perform all data acquisition and control functions for the probe operation.


In this issue of Blood , Yu and colleagues demonstrate that combined targeted disruption of transcription factors T-bet and RORγt have defective differentiation of donor CD4+ T cells toward T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17, and ameliorated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic


Modern engineering charting teaching should adapt itself to the requirement of modem engineering dense meet the needs of training modem qualified personnel and combine with the present new technology(esp. computer technique) to achieve the goal of cultivating students'creative ability.


Background: This study was conducted to demonstrate a comparative study about graft uptake rate and hearing gain between cartilage shield tympanoplasty (CST) and tympanoplasty with temporalis fascia (TF) in patients with chronic otitis media (tubotympanic disease). Materials and methods: Cartilage shield tympanoplasty and TF tympanoplasty were studied in two groups. Group I containing 65 cases and group II having 80 cases with central perforations. Graft uptake rates and hearing improvement at 3 months postoperative follow-up were compared. Results: The graft uptake rates were 98.46 and 90% in groups I and II, respectively, at the end of 3 months. In total, 88% in group II and 90% in group I had improvement in hearing at 3 months of surgery. Conclusion: Conchal cartilage can be used effectively as a graft material for cartilage shield tympanoplasty. It has also shown superior autograft as compared to TF, not only because of better graft uptake rates and less partial failure rates but also due to the significant hearing improvement, talking in terms of mean AB gap in both types of graft materials.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to propose a state‐of‐the‐art new approach to enhance FMEA assessment capabilities.Design/methodology/approach – Through data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique and its extension, the proposed approach evolves the current rankings for failure modes by exclusively investigating SOD in lieu of RPN and to furnish improving scales for SOD.Findings – Through an illustrative example the proposed approach supports the proposition that DEA can not only complement traditional FMEA for improving assessment capability but also, especially, provide corrective information regarding the failure factors – severity, occurrence and detection. Further application of DEA Stratification also reveals that this methodology is useful for managing resource allocation and risk management.Practical implications – It is shown that the proposed approach enables manager/designers to prevent system or product failures at an early stage of design. Moreover, the approach is able to provide manage...


Micro opto-electronic device (MOED) are proposed for 2-D optical cross-connect. The MOED consists of an array of control units and polarization beam splitters (PBS). The control unit of MOED is a optp-electronic unit (OECU). The proposed device will either pass the light straight through or deflect it by 90 degrees, depending on the input of the control unit.


1572 CLINICALCHEMISTRY, Vol. 31, No. 9, 1985 Before surgery, all patients had ALT and AST measured (8) in serum. The normal reference interval for both ALT and ALT in our laboratory is 7-40 U/L. All patients also had at least two preoperativemeasurements of arterial oxygen tension (Pc) with a Model 175 Thlood gas analyzer" (Corning Instruments, Medfleld, MA). For noneof the patients did the difference between the two measurements exceed 4 mmllg (-0.5 kPa). A needle liver biopsy was performed at the time ofvertical banded gastroplasty (9). The tissues were fixed in buffered formalin, and sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and van Gieson/Hansen stain. In addition, sections were stained for reticulin and iron and with periodic acid-Schiff stain (with and without diastase). The presence of fat was graded as 0 = no vacuolation; 1+ = <25% of the liver cells showed fat vacuoles (FV); 2+ = FVin25-50% of liver cells;3+ = FV in 50-75% cells; 4+ = <75% of cells with FV. Concentrations of ALT and AST in serum were correlated with: (a) degree offatty liver and (b) pre-operative arterialpo2. In addition thepo was correlated with degree of fatty infiltration, and po2 and serum enzymes were correlated with body weight. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient, r, to evaluate these associations. Student's t-test was used for statistical evaluation of significance. Figure 1 shows the significant inverse correlation between arterial p02 and ALT (r = 0.71, p <0.01). A significant inverse correlation was also obtained between arterial p#{231}j, and AST (r = 0.62, p <0.01). Thus, higher AST and ALT activities were associated with lower p02 values. There was no significant correlation between body weight and serum enzymes (r = 0.18) and p02 (r = 0.22). This excludes the possibifity that the patients with the lowest P02 values were the ones with the most pronounced obesity. Also there was no significant correlation between degree of fatty liver andeither p02 (r = 0.22) or serum enzymes (r = 0.27). The mechanism(s) by which hepatic accumulation of fat causes impairment of liver-function tests is not known. One suggestion is that the accumulation of fatty acidsin the liver contributes to the observed hepatocyte injury (10, 11). The other suggestion is that hypoxia, at least in the fatty liver of alcoholics, is responsible for hepatocyte injury (5-7). The latter possibility led us to investigate the relationship between indicators of hepatocellular dsmnge (i.e., ALT and AST) and arterial p02. Our results indicate that patients with lower arterial P02 have increased AST and ALT, and that a significant inverse relationship exists between the degree of enzyme abnormality and arterial P02 We are not aware of this observation having been made previously. However, we also must note that the demonstration of a correlation does not necessarily indicate cause and effect. The mechanism by which a lower arterial 02 may cause increased activity of aminotransferases in serum is not known. Studies in experimental animals examining the combined effect of ethanol and iachemia have shown that ischemia accentuates hepatocyte injury (6). Studies in rats indicate that ischemia ofthe liver causesliver necrosis by increasing the calcium uptake by liver cells and also by activating phospholipase A2, which in turn causes membrane damage and necrosis (12). We speculate that the lower P02 will lead to a greater degree of liver hypoxia; this needs to be confirmed experimentally.


ABSTRACT Benzoylacetone has been reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate to afford two different thiocarbamoyl derivatives (α-phenylthiocarbamoyl benzoylacetone and benzoyl thioacetanilide) depending upon the base used to perform the reaction. Several new 2-substituted-4-sulfamoylphenylazo-thiophene and/or thiazole derivatives were synthesized by heterocyclization of the thiocarbamoyl derivatives with various halogenated reagents. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities; they showed accepted activities with respect to the control drugs. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The corpus of works attributed to Dionysius the Areopagite, the Athenian convert of Paul mentioned in Acts 17:34, consists of five texts: the Celestial Hierarchy , the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy , the Divine Names , the Mystical Theology , and the Letters . One of the remarkable features of Dionysius's work is the number of allusions to the Apocalypse of John. The violent and dramatic depiction of God's wrathful judgment presented in the Apocalypse is transformed into the individual's self-destruction and turning away from God. This reading of the Apocalypse conforms to Dionysius's concept of salvation and to his eschatological vision. This chapter demonstrates that the apocalypse held a prominent position within Dionysius's scriptural worldview, but that his exegetical approach to the text was contoured by his soteriological and eschatological concerns. Keywords:Apocalypse; Areopagite; Dionysius; eschatological vision; exegetical approach


Objective To investigate the expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) of fibroblast-like synovial cells in improved adjuvant-induced animal (AIA) model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to provide evidence for DDR2′s antagonist use clinically.Methods AIA was modified by administrating 0.1 mL of complete Freund′s adjuvant (CFA, mixed with 5 mg Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine/mL) into rats′ right hind paws and 0.125 mL tumor necrosis factor-α (2 U/mL) into right ankles and subpatellar fatty tissue. The expression of DDR2 in fibroblast-like synovial cells was assessed using immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence histochemistry, and in situ hybridization methods. Levels of anti-collagen Ⅱ antibody were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Given the terms mentioned above, we found a more practical rat model, apparently decreasing immunization time (average 3-5 days). DDR2 can be detected upon the 15th day of immunization; expression gradually increased with time going on, and reaching a peak 35 days after immunization before gradually decreasing. Serum anti-collagen Ⅱ antibody showed similar expression patterns as DDR2, but reached peak later than DDR2, about 40 days after immunization.Conclusion Regular expression of DDR2 in animal models infers its important role in the pathological process of RA.


Objective To explore the effect of endovascular g raft exclusion (EVGE) on the treatment of descending aortic aneurysm and acute S tanford "B" aortic dissection. Methods From Apr 2004 to Jan 2005,endovascular graft exclusion (EVGE) was performod in 4 patients suffering from acute Stanford "B" aortic dissection and 1 case with false aneurysm of de scending aorta. Results All the operations were successfully performed. The pseudo-cavity of all cases was disappeared after operation. Conclusion EVGE is effective and safe for the patients with des cending aortic aneurysm.


IN RECENT YEARS it has been clearly demonstrated that albumin is the principal protein constituent of subdural effusion fluid of infants.1,' A factor postulated as contributing to the persistence and enlargement of the effusion has been the effective osmotic or oncotic pressure created by this albumin-rich fluid. Support for the concept that the albumin is derived from blood and enters the subdural fluid by way of the thin-walled vessels of the outer subdural membrane was provided by a prior investigation in which intravenously injected 1131labeled albumin appeared rapidly in the subdural fluid of a 5-month-old infant with a traumatic effusion.2 The data from this study also were consistent with an exchange of labeled for unlabeled albumin molecules between plasma and subdural fluid and permitted calculation of the albumin turnover time. In the present study the distribution and fate of labeled albumin injected directly into the subdural space of 2 infants with chronic subdural effusions were investigated. Labeled albumin appeared in the blood soon after injection, and from its rate of disappearance from the subdural space, the turnover times, turnover rates, and turnover were calculated, confirming the concept of an active exchange


This paper presents a T-slot planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) for wireless mobile communications GSM/UMTS/WCDMA systems. A modified ground plane is used to increase the bandwidth. A prototype is implemented and the differences in performance of the antenna with and without the presence of the mobile handset and the user's head are estimated. The simulations are performed using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.


When thinking about the topic of new curricula it's difficult to know where to start. I could discuss essential content for the adult educator to know. I could present the important skills for the adult educator to possess. I could suggest various alternative forms that adult education institutions might take and then discuss the type of curricula which would best prepare adult educators for each form. I suppose I could start by criticizing the existing types of adult education, a popular starting place for many writers, and then suggest curricular changes which might correct these shortcomings. I've decided to start at none of these places but instead to look ahead and identify some important qualifications for a professional adult educator of the future. Of course, we must know the current status of adult education graduate programs and the current roles adult educators


To speak of styles in current literature means to study the life of the word when it has not yet "frozen," while it takes on ever newer forms under the pen of the writer.


Resources in the soil are heterogeneously distributed. We know that plant species differ in their root responses to nutrient patches and that these differences in foraging can influence plant competition. However, most studies of root-resource interactions overlook the potential top-down influence of root herbivores. While root herbivores can influence plant community structure, the extent to which they influence ecosystem-scale factors such as net primary production is unclear. In addition, little is known regarding root herbivore foraging behaviors and, more importantly, whether these foraging behaviors can actually influence species interactions. In this dissertation, I present a conceptual model of soil-root-herbivore interactions in which soil resource heterogeneity structures both root dynamics and the abundance and influence of root herbivores. I conducted two field and one greenhouse experiment examining this proposed model. The dissertation includes an introductory chapter (Chapter 1), a field study examining root responses to manipulations of soil fertility and root herbivory (Chapter 2), a greenhouse study that used plant species responses to heterogeneity to develop predictions about the role of root herbivores in mixed-species neighborhoods (Chapter 3), and a field study of planted communities examining soil fertility and fauna effects on aboveand belowground structure and function (Chapter 4). In all cases, there were significant effects of root herbivores on community structure and components of net primary production. Resource distribution had a strong effect in studies conducted in sandy, nutrient-poor soils (Chapter 2 and 3), but had a reduced effect in the study conducted at Kentland Farm in loamy soils (Chapter 4). Interactions between resource availability and root herbivory were common. These results support the theory that the potential benefit of resource-rich patches may be constrained by root herbivores. This research complements recent findings that demonstrate other potential costs of species foraging behaviors (such as exposure to soil anoxia and increased drought stress), as well as potential effects of root herbivores and other soil fauna on plant diversity.


This research is concerned with Australia's current political response towards the Israel-Palestine peace process. Based on original empirical analysis including analysis of the Australian government's policy statements, voting record at the United Nations, Australia's media coverage, and public opinion on the conflict, this paper will highlight Australia's political response towards the Israel-Palestine peace process, and shed light on the impact of governments' foreign policy approaches toward achieving a just peace between Israel and Palestine. A study of Australia's foreign policy approach towards one of the most salient conflicts in international relations is important in identifying the challenges and opportunities in establishing Australia's relationship with the Middle East and neighbouring countries. Therefore, this study will look at the discourse within the domestic landscape such as the media and public opinion that surrounds the Israel- Palestine peace process, and demonstrate the extent to which the media and public opinion have in shaping Australia's policy towards the Israel-Palestine peace process. From this, this paper hopes to highlight the implications of the change in national commitment for the Labor party and what it will broadly mean for Australia should the current policy be maintained in relation to Australian values, identity and commitment to issues of human rights and upholding international law.


Damage evolution inside compression-loaded laminates is a crucial aspect when designing crash structures. In this study, ex situ CT scanning is used to identify damage evolution in multidirectional composite laminates. Multiple CT scans throughout the stress–strain envelope are used to quantify the internal damage and failure propagation of a [45, −45, 90]s carbon fiber laminate. Initially, observed damage occurs in form of delamination between the −45° and 90° layers. Afterward, shear failure propagates from the central layers throughout the entire laminate. Shear failure in the middle two layers expands after continued loading up to double shear failure. The same distinct failure sequence is observed in multiple specimens, and the small deviation supports consistency. Furthermore, the stress–strain envelope of the successive load cycles matches closely with reference measurements.


Poeciloneuron pauciflorum is a narrow endemic having highly restricted distribution in the southern-western Ghats region of India. 18 accessions of P. pauciflorum collected from four different locations were analyzed for genetic variation using 20 random primers. Out of 141 amplicons generated, 130 of them were polymorphic (92.20% polymorphism). Contrary to the general concept of low genetic variation associated with endemic plant species, P. pauciflorum exhibits high genetic diversity as the similarity index value based on Nei & Li's similarity coefficient ranges from 0.36 to 0.95 with mean GS = 0.72 and Shannon's information measure (0.43). Cluster analysis showed grouping of all accessions from the State of Tamil Nadu into two major clusters with few outliers while those from the State of Kerala also clustered with them. Accessions from Kalliankadu forest segment harbors maximum diversity as indicated by various genetic diversity indices like h, I, Ht, Hs, Gst, PL and hence this site is recommended for in situ conservation of this narrow endemic. The main factors responsible for the high level of genetic diversity among accessions are probably related to the reproductive isolation and ecological breadth. The strong genetic variability among accessions indicates that the management for the conservation of the genetic diversity in P. pauciflorum should aim to preserve every accession. The present study assumes significance as it negotiates endemism and genetic variation in tree species, a global phenomenon having wide implications in species diversity and conservation.


Although irrigation is considered a benefi ciary management for increasing soil organic C (SOC) stocks in (semi)arid environments, our understanding of the impact of irrigation on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in the fi eld remains limited. We investigated the effect of irrigation on soil C storage in relation to soil aggregation by measuring C stocks of bulk soil and different aggreagate fractions in the top 20-cm layer of center-pivot irrigated vs. dryland farming systems in semiarid southwestern Nebraska. The irrigated fi elds (IRR) showed increased C inputs and larger SOC stocks than the dryland cultivated fi elds (DRY). Fractionation of bulk soil samples into non-microaggregate-associated particulate organic matter (free POM) and microaggregate-associated POM, silt, and clay fractions indicated that the larger bulk SOC stock under IRR was explained solely by an increase in microaggregate-associated C storage Wet sieving of bulk soil showed that microaggregation was remarkably low under DRY and did not increase under IRR, suggesting that the protection of microaggregates inside macroaggregates was no prerequisite for C sequestration under IRR. The results of this study confi rm the potential of irrigation to increase soil C stocks through preferential sequestration of C inside microaggregates, but question our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this preferential sequestration. Abbreviations: cPOM, coarse particulate organic matter (>250 µm); DRY, dryland cultivated treatment; iPOM, intramicroaggregate particulate organic matter; IRR, center-pivot irrigated treatment; mClay, microaggregate-associated clay fraction; micro-C, microaggregate-associated C; mSilt, microaggregateassociated silt fraction; NV, native vegetation; POM, particulate organic matter; SOC, soil organic carbon; SOM, soil organic matter; TOC, total organic carbon.


Absorption of local government budgets is the accumulation of budget absorption carried out by each Institution, and can be one of the indicators in assessing the financial management performance of a region, because through the level of budget absorption it can be seen the description or performance and capabilities of a region. The region implements and is responsible for every planned activity. Budget absorption in Kediri Regency during the 2016 - 2020 period reached the range of 81.68% - 88.79%.
This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that are considered dominant in influencing budget absorption in Kediri Regency, namely budget planning and implementation, human resources, procurement of goods and services, and the bureaucratic environment. Sources of data in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data in the form of questionnaires were distributed based on purposive random sampling to 15 institutions with the largest budget in Kediri Regency. The research method used is quantitative using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. This study uses 5 (five) independent variables, namely budget planning (X1), budget execution (X2), human resources (X3), procurement of goods and services (X4), bureaucratic environment (X5), and 1 (one) dependent variable. . variable. namely budget absorption (Y).
The results showed that the five independent variables simultaneously had a positive effect on budget absorption. Partially, the variables of budget planning, budget execution, human resources and procurement of goods and services have a positive effect on budget absorption, while the bureaucratic environment variable has a negative effect on budget absorption. Partially, the variable that has the most dominant influence on budget absorption is the Procurement of Goods and Services. Overall, the magnitude of the influence of budget planning, budget execution, human resources, procurement of goods and services and the bureaucratic environment on budget absorption is explained by the determination value of 41%, while 59% is influenced by other factors outside the study


Placed in a standard pick-and-die to obtain a distance between the grains than a conventional wafer and wider more appropriate distance above a new substrate. Method for forming a chip scale package, comprising: a split dies on a wafer, a complex die, and then, the above-described selection and placement of a plurality of die on the substrate and fills in to the base layer of a first material between the plurality of die on. A dielectric layer having a first opening in a first portion of the wire is patterned to expose the above-described crystal grains. Forming a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer a first conductor portion of the die and is exposed, to form a second opening. Fill material over the first conductor and the second opening and the second dielectric layer to form a second conductor. Forming a second material layer on the second conductor and the second dielectric layer and over the exposed portion of the second conductive wire, to form a third opening. Next, to the calcined solder ball on the third opening.