Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Mast cells are multifunctional immune cells that are also activated by stress. The effects of activated mast cells on epileptogenesis are not yet known. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of compound 48/80‐stimulated mast cell activation on pentylenetetrazole‐induced epileptic seizures in rats. Male Wistar rats were separated into seven groups (n = 12). Group‐1(NS+PTZ) received intraperitoneal saline solution, while groups 2(C‐48/80+PTZ‐1), 3(C‐48/80+PTZ‐2), and 4(C‐48/80+PTZ‐3) received compound‐48/80 at doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, respectively, 30 min before 45 mg/kg pentylenetetrazole administration. Similarly, Group‐5(Cr+C‐48/80+PTZ) received 10 mg/kg cromolyn plus 2 mg/kg compound‐48/80 before pentylenetetrazole, and Group‐6(MC Dep+C‐48/80+PTZ) was exposed to a mast cell‐depletion process, and then received 2 mg/kg compound‐48/80. Group‐7(5‐HT+PTZ) received 10 mg/kg serotonin. Seizure stages were evaluated using Racine's scale. Compound‐48/80 at 2 mg/kg induced anticonvulsive effects against pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures by extending onset‐times of both myoclonic‐jerk and generalized tonic–clonic seizures (p = 0.0001), and by shortening the duration of generalized tonic–clonic seizure (p = 0.008). These effects were reversed by cromolyn (p = 0.0001). These effects were not observed in mast cell‐depleted rats. Similarly to compound 48/80, serotonin also exhibited anticonvulsive effects against seizures (p < 0.05). Compound 48/80 acts as an anticonvulsant by activating mast cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The anticonvulsive effects of mast cell activation may be mediated by serotonin. Mast cell activation may therefore provide protective activity against seizures under appropriate circumstances.


A pressing (and so far not satisfyingly answered) question at the interface between vertical integration and technological change is if higher rates of technological change make vertical integration more or less attractive. We address this question with a formal simulation model and find a non-monotonic relationship between vertical integration and technological change: vertical integration becomes more attractive for modest levels of technological change whereas outsourcing becomes more attractive in highly turbulent environments. We disentangle the underlying mechanisms and find that the shift towards vertical integration is driven by reduced benefits of discovery while the shift towards outsourcing is driven by reduced costs of divergence.


In March 2004, the Task Force Sector Plan presented their final report to the State Secretary of Educa-tion, Culture and Science. In this report, the three universities of technology (3TU) proposed how they aim to create a single federation of Dutch universities of technology by combining their education and research programmes in order to enhance knowledge valorisation. In addition, five shared Master of Science (MSc.) programmes - not yet offered in The Netherlands but considered to be essential for the Dutch knowledge economy - were proposed, including the MSc. Construction Management and Engineering (CME) programme. The MSc. CME programme, realized at the three 3TU locations, consists of two blocks: (1) a general block and (2) a specialization block. The general block covers the topics that provide a sound basis for further specialization at one of the three locations of the 3TU. Within the general block – but moreover in the specialization block offered in Delft – contains a large amount of IT education and utilization. This paper will discuss the overall programme of MSc. CME programme and the development process of the MSc. CME specialization in Delft, with a special emphasis on the IT related subjects.


Analyses of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) have become a staple tool for botanists to answer questions across a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from population genetics to biogeography, ecology, development, microbiology, physiology, and phylogenetics. The rise of "next‐generation" or "high‐throughput" sequencing in particular has resulted in reduced sequencing costs and an explosion in the number of botanical studies using DNA or RNA data (Egan et al., 2012). Yet, the crucial step of extracting these nucleic acids from plant tissues can be extremely difficult and is often overlooked or under‐emphasized. Although there are many options for nucleic acid kits and nearly countless papers (over 22,000 at the time of this special issue) referencing a "modified" version of the Doyle and Doyle (1987) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction protocol, taxon‐specific difficulties render many of these methods ineffective. Troubleshooting the extraction step remains a major sink of researchers' time and energy, potentially acting as a barrier to downstream analyses and answering fundamental botanical questions. Difficulties in nucleic acid extraction arise due to factors such as the diversity and volume of secondary metabolites expressed by plants (Varma et al., 2007), degradation during storage (Pyle and Adams, 1989), contamination from DNA of organisms in the plant microbiome (Trivedi et al., 2022), and the need for high‐molecular‐weight nucleic acids for downstream analyses (Pollard et al., 2018). Addressing these issues requires knowledge of both the underlying chemistry involved during each step of the extraction process and the requirements of the isolated product. The 12 papers in this special issue, "Emerging Methods in Botanical DNA/RNA Extraction," highlight the current state of knowledge in nucleic acid extractions, including both the key challenges and creative innovations that have been developed to circumvent these difficulties to address a variety of exciting botanical questions.


During the Kennedy administration,accompanied the transfer of the Cold War battlefield to the Third World,the U.S. government increasingly committed to dealing with the "insurgency" problem by means of "nation building" in less developed countries,so as to guild the backward regions to eliminate the "root" of communism by the development of modernization.In the strict sense,the "Strategic Hamlet Program" of South Vietnam is the first "nation building" action that Kennedy administration put forward in the Third World.This paper aims to analyze the plights of Kennedy administration's "nation building" policy towards the Third World on base of the historical survey to the process of "Strategic Hamlet Program" which from initiation to implementation and then to failure.The first plight is the problem of positioning itself;the second is the problem of cultural conflict.


In this paper we define total magic cordial (TMC) and total sequential cordial (TSC) labellings which are weaker versions of magic and simply sequential labellings of graphs. Based on these definitions we have given several results on TMC and TSC graphs.


As emergency physicians, our effectiveness is rated by our ability to care for the acutely unwell and undifferentiated patient. This requires accurate bedside assessment, stabilization and intervention in a diverse group of patients. Over the past 15 years, bedside ultrasound has greatly helped to improve our ability to provide patient care safely and to intervene appropriately. This editorial provides a brief overview of the critical role of ultrasound in ED clinical practice, and looks forward to innovative uses of ultrasound and how these might be routinely incorporated into a clinical skill set through the development of a curriculum and training programme. The Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) actively supports the development of bedside ultrasound. Much has been achieved following its original policy produced in 1999 regarding its use, which was revised in 2006. Does this need to be adapted to reflect developing practices? Should the use of ultrasound become a core skill for emergency physicians within Australasia, as it is becoming for those trained in the UK? Can competency-based assessments for pointof-care ultrasound be incorporated within the ACEM Fellowship examination? The present paper will serve as a reminder for many clinicians of how to maximize our clinical information through an extended patient examination. However, for some it will hopefully serve as a catalyst to learn a new skill: one that will substantially enhance their clinical practice for the long term. For leaders in education within ACEM and at university medical schools, it will provide a stimulus to plan and refine the scope of practice ultrasound offers clinical students, whether preor postgraduate. There is the additional opportunity of developing the use of ultrasound by allied health-care workers. The latter offers much potential to the practice of emergency medicine, but is beyond the scope of the present article and will be addressed in the future. Most emergency and critical care physicians are familiar with the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) scan. There is an increasing number of similar acronyms appearing, such as FASTER, E-FAST, P-FAST, FOCUS, FATE and ACES (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma-Extended Role, Extended-Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma, Pre-hospital Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma, Focused Ultrasound, Focused Assessment by Trans-thoracic Echocardiography and Abdominal and Cardiac Evaluation with sonography in Shock, respectively), to name but a few. Most of these rely on a similar principle of a directed scan looking to confirm a pretest clinical suspicion to aid the implementation of a therapeutic intervention. The ultrasound practitioner aims to ask a binary question that will be answered by the point-ofcare ultrasound assessment to assist clinical decisionmaking. These approaches are all now most easily grouped under point-of-care or focused ultrasound. The analogous terms are accepted across Asia Pacific/North and South America, together with Europe and Africa, to represent any clinician using ultrasound to optimize his or her bedside clinical care. Table 1 outlines some of the potential uses for ultrasound within the ED and acute care settings. This table lists key findings that are effective in assisting clinicians in providing optimal care to patients. Some of these have been extensively reported, while others are likely to become more accessible over the coming years.


For the consideration of the differences in the influence of group pressure on individuals, based on the Hegselmann- Krause model, this paper introduces the concepts of group pressure, individual type and relationship degree. Based on the new individual interaction rules, the model is established to explore the influence of different factors in the model on the opinion evolution process. The model is built based on new individual interaction rules and explores the effect of group pressure and the proportion of different types of groups in the model on the opinion evolution process. The simulation results show that different network models affect the evolutionary process and the speed of convergence, but not the final evolutionary outcome.The proportion of non-conformity groups greatly affects the degree of consensus of the final opinion. True conformity groups contribute to group consensus, while equity conformity groups promote opinion diversity. The convergence time of group expressed opinions is generally shorter than that of private group opinions. The results of the study assist social managers in guiding the opinion dissemination process in a targeted manner according to the characteristics of different types of groups.


Fifty red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus, from South Bass Island, Ottawa County, Ohio, were examined for helminth parasites. Thirteen species of helminths were found, four species of trematodes, two of cestodes, five of nematodes, and one species of acanthocephalan. A check list of the helminth parasites reported from this host is included.


A relatively new combinatorial structure, called staircase tableaux, was introduced in recent work of S. Corteel and L. Williams. Staircase tableaux are a generalisation of permutation tableaux and alternative tableaux. Their study gave a combinatorial formula for the moments of Askey-Wilson polynomials. Staircase tableaux are also related to the asymmetric exclusion process on a one-dimensional lattice with open boundaries (ASEP), an important and heavily studied particle model in statistical mechanics. The study of the generating function of the staircase tableau has given a combinatorial formula for the steady state probability of the ASEP. We use differents approaches to study the staircase tableaux : with a probabilistic approach, we prove the asymptotic normality of some parameters of the staircase tableaux ; with bijective combinatorics, we get the properties of some subsets of staircase tableaux, using for example tree-like tableaux or permutations. Finally, a Markov chain on a subset of staircase tableaux confirms intuitively the formula for the steady state probability without using the matrix ansatz.


Introduction: Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease with the chief clinical manifestations of polydactylism; central obesity; mental retardation; hypogenitalism; and retinal dystrophy, which leads to progressive visual loss since childhood. Case Report: A 17-year-old boy presented with progressive low visual acuity in both eyes. He had cardiac malformation since birth, intellectual disability, divergent strabismus, short stature, obesity, and polydactyly of hands and feet. Ophthalmologic examination using Snellen chart revealed a visual acuity of 0.1 in both eyes and normal intraocular pressure and biomicroscopy result. Fundoscopy revealed discoloration of the retinal pigment epithelium, giving the fundus a grayish color and mottled appearance; a decrease in vessel diameter; paleness of the optic papilla; deposits of macular and peripheral bone spicule-shaped pigments; and increase in foveal reflex. Conclusion: Retinal dystrophy, which occurs in approximately 90% of patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, usually confirms its diagnosis. This manifestation indicates the importance of the role of an ophthalmologist in the initial investigation and follow-up of systemic complications. Palavras-chave: Distrofias Retinianas; Retinose Pigmentar; Síndrome de Bardet-Biedl. Clinical diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome: A case report http://eoftalmo.org.br CASOS CLÍNICOS DISCUTIDOS


There isadiversity offrameworks andmethodologies for enablers forstatic representation ofthearchitecture, enablers enabling architecture developments. Staticrepresentation forcreating anexecutable modelofthearchitecture and frameworks provide a standardized waytocommunicate the enablers forlogical, behavioral andperformance evaluation architecture tostakeholders, butdonotprovide meanstoanalyzeofthearchitecture (10). thesystem states andsystem behavior. Therefore, there isaneedto convert static representation frameworks toexecutable models. The Atgood balancistics, analytitechnique s and aimofthis paperistopresent Artificial Life approaches asa inegrated model cessry asearcietng toolstfor methodology forunderstanding behavior ofSystem ofSystems. For SoSSpecifically, model-centric frameworks andexecutable this, anArtificial Life based framework formodeling System of modelsbecomeimportant toolsforSoS analysis and Systems ispresented. Theframework comprises cognitive architecting astheyprovide insights toSoSarchitecture architectures embedded inmulti-agent models. Financial marketsbehavior. Static representation frameworks (6)provide a areselected asananalysis domain todemonstrate theframeworkstandardized way to communicate thearchitecture to since they areagoodexample ofself-organizing systems that are stakeholders, butdonotprovide meanstoanalyze thesystem nonproprietary andexhibit emergence onagrand scale. Fromthe states andemergent behavior. Therefore, there isaneedto Artificial Life Framework trader-based architectures areformulated convertstatic representation fameworks to executable asmodels toanalyze system level behavior. TheArtificial Life basedconerstrePresentati mews toeecutable framework provides aflexible wayofmodeling sub-systems of moele models


Intermediate-level college language courses pose a particular challenge to instructors in the mid 1990s. Traditionally designed to be a third and fourth semester grammar review course for students with one year of college-level instruction, the intermediate language course has had to be redefined as various communicative approaches gained popularity in the 1980s. Grammar as the predominant organizing principle of language courses has been called into question. The specific problems of the intermediate German language course that have resulted from its redefinition have not been addressed adequately in literature on second language acquisition. Moreover, we have experienced that there is often a striking drop in enrollment in third-year language courses that is not solely because general college language requirements are limited to two years. Student course evaluations and other modes of assessment reflect student confusion and frustration about goals for the second year. As German departments face the task of increasing the number of German majors to stave off budget cuts, a discussion of intermediate German seems particularly expedient. During the past academic year, the Department of German, Russian and East Asian Languages at our university had the opportunity to invite a visiting DaF (German as a foreign language) instructor from the University of Kiel to work closely with the departmental faculty in order to reorganize the second-year German language and culture course. We were reminded of the advantages of such a cross-cultural pedagogical exchange as we compared American and German approaches to foreign language teaching. We are practitioners of the communicative approach. In this article, we propose to articulate central questions and problem areas that emerged out of a cross-cultural exchange on the communicative intermediate German classroom in the U.S. We shall outline strategies that we have used to come to grips with these problems. As we answer the call for more practice-oriented studies of second language acquisition based on experiences in the classroom (Legutke 56), we hope to launch a long overdue discussion of intermediate German language teaching.


Ecological public welfare forests have provided many more ecological benefits to human beings than commercial woodlands, thus, planting trees for ecological public welfare forests has been a major component of ecological restoration in Zhejiang Province in the 21st Century. In this study, the main objective was investigating plants忆 interspecific and environmental relationships to further the assessment of plant species distribution changes in ecological welfare forests. We used inventory monitoring data from 80 permanent sample plots, based on a stratified sampling technique applied to 5.256 伊 10 hm of ecological public welfare forests in Jiangshan city in Zhejiang province. We employed a niche theory conceptual model, interspecific relations, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to investigate the interspecific relationships among dominant species and the relationships between species and their environments. The results showed that Cunninghamia lanceolata, Eurya muricata, and Funaria hygrometrica were the dominant species of the tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer, respectively. The largest niche overlap was observed between Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Lithocarpus glabra, between Eurya muricata and Litsea cubeba, and between Pteridium aquilinum and Lygodium japonicum for the tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer, respectively. The relationships between species and their environmental factors indicated that elevation and slope were the most important environmental factors affecting plant species distribution, and the aspect


In order to elucidate the effect of the cuticle on the sorption behavior of wool fibers, the sorption of water vapor on Merino and chemically descaled wool fibers was measured with the weighing bottle and quartz spiral balance methods. The equilibrium water uptake was higher for Merino wool than that for the modified one. This difference was ascribed to the decrease in the amount of polar groups in the modified wool. At the initial stages of water sorption, the sorption capacity of the modified wool was higher than that of Merino wool. The relationship between the water uptake and the square root of the sorption time showed that epicuticle and exocuticle layers of Merino wool acted as barriers for the water vapor penetration. (Received November 12, 1993)


Applying diagnostics consisting in evaluation of deformation based on corrosion potential measurements it is possible to extend life time of technical structures and make them safe for people and environment. Development of anticorrosion techniques and staff training is a fundamental requirement for safe exploitation of technical structures made of new 7020M aluminum alloy. Corrosive marine environment enforces engineers and technicians to implement advanced anticorrosion methods to make life on ship much safer. The paper presents results of investigations of ship aluminum alloys subjected to strain test fatigue test and new method diagnostic corrosion. New aluminum alloy 7020M for selected heat treatment is better than the alloy 7020 utilized so far. Lack of zinc in 5xxx series alloys results in enhanced corrosion resistance as compared to 7xxx series but simultaneously their stress properties are significantly lower. A method of corrosion diagnostic has been proposed aimed at increasing the exploitation safety


In this paper, we describe a participatory-based approach to developing tactile feedback for a head-mounted device. Three focus groups iteratively designed and evaluated tactile interaction concepts for user-generated use-case scenarios. Results showed productive design insights from the groups regarding approaches to tactile coding schemes addressing the scenario conditions, as well as method-innovations to participatory design techniques for interaction development in unfamiliar sensory modalities such as touch. The study has culminated in the development of a library of tactile icons relating to spatial concepts, which will be tested as part of future work.


A simple and compact design is proposed for a 20 GHz sampling phase detector through the integration of impulse generation with the sampling circuit. The structure is captured by a combined full-wave EM and circuit type simulation, which verifies its basics. The design is successfully implemented in a low-cost commercial microstrip medium.


System xc‐ is an amino acid antiporter that typically mediates the exchange of extracellular l‐cystine and intracellular l‐glutamate across the cellular plasma membrane. Studied in a variety of cell types, the import of l‐cystine through this transporter is critical to glutathione production and oxidative protection. The exchange‐mediated export of l‐glutamate takes on added significance within the CNS, as it represents a non‐vesicular route of release through which this excitatory neurotransmitter can participate in either neuronal signalling or excitotoxic pathology. When both the import of l‐cystine and the export of l‐glutamate are taken into consideration, system xc‐ has now been linked to a wide range of CNS functions, including oxidative protection, the operation of the blood–brain barrier, neurotransmitter release, synaptic organization, viral pathology, drug addiction, chemosensitivity and chemoresistance, and brain tumour growth. The ability to selectively manipulate system xc‐, delineate its function, probe its structure and evaluate it as a therapeutic target is closely linked to understanding its pharmacology and the subsequent development of selective inhibitors and substrates. Towards that goal, this review will examine the current status of our understanding of system xc‐ pharmacology and the structure–activity relationships that have guided the development of an initial pharmacophore model, including the presence of lipophilic domains adjacent to the substrate binding site. A special emphasis is placed on the roles of system xc‐ within the CNS, as it is these actions that are among the most exciting as potential long‐range therapeutic targets.


A rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technique has been employed to process lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. The films were fabricated by dc sputtering a multielement metal target in an oxygen ambient at a substrate temperature of 200 °C. A subsequent postdeposition RTA at 600 °C for 5 s crystallizes the films into a perovskite‐type structure through various intermediate phases. Due to the short postdeposition processing times inherent in the RTA method, the initial nature of the as‐grown films has a critical influence on the crystallization kinetics. The reaction sequence in the formation of perovskite PZT from the films deposited at low substrate temperatures by the sputtering technique has been evaluated, and various key factors influencing the crystallization of PZT have been identified. As‐grown films are constituted of polycrystalline orthorhombic lead oxide in an amorphous matrix of titania and zirconia. During annealing lead oxide transforms into a cubic ph...


This paper defines the concept of a justifiable strategy, that of a justification theory (which shows strategies to be justifiable) and that of a complete justification theory (which for every strategy shows whether it is justifiable or not). An impossibility result is proved, showing that there can be no complete justification theory that includes the assumptions of expected utility maximization, common knowledge, and caution. Copyright 1994 by Royal Economic Society.


There are persuasive arguments in favour of scrapping the offence of criminal defamation. Perhaps the most cogent is that it poses a significant threat to freedom of expression, a threat that is particularly difficult to justify given that there is an effective civil remedy to compensate those who suffer injury to their reputations.


—In this paper, novel bandpass filter and tunable bandpass filter are designed based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) embedded with complementary resonators. Various passband characteristics are observed, and lumped equivalent circuit analysis models are developed. The configuration of the proposed bandpass filter is an open structure, and it is easy to load the active devices and build the bias/control networks on the signal plane. The tunable bandpass filter is presented based on the proposed novel bandpass filter loaded with semiconductor varactor diodes, and it has good spurious suppression characteristics and excellent out of band rejection. The prototype with overall size of 15.9 mm × 30.2 mm × 0.5 mm was designed and fabricated so as to validate the new structure. The measured central frequency is 1.538 GHz and 1.718 GHz, and the insertion loss is 5.1 dB and 3.3 dB, at 0 V and 30 V, respectively.


We studied diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 14 patients with unilateral intracranial steno-occlusive arterial lesion to evaluate the relationship between the apparent diffusion of coefficient (ADC) of water and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the acute stage of human cerebral infarction. In all patients DWI and SPECT measurements were performed within 6 hours after onset of stroke, and relative ADC (rADC) and relative CBF (rCBF) of the infarct and peri-infarct areas were calculated with referring to the follow-up computed tomography (CT) obtained more than 24 hours after onset. The rADC significantly correlated with rCBF (P<0.01). In the area with moderate and severe hypoperfusion, rADC of the infarct areas significantly decreased compared with unity (p<0.01). Standard deviation of the infarct area was greater than that of the periinfarct area, and 2 lesions with normal rADC and moderate hypoperfusion later evolved into complete infarction. The present results demonstrate that the ADC reduction of the ischemic area correlates with the severity of hypoperfusion within 6 hours after stroke onset. Normal ADC, however, is not a token of escaping form cerbral infarction when moderate hypoperfusion is associated.


SURF Conference Proceedings 2016 Session 2A Author: Sulynn Miao Faculty Advisor: Fei Xu Effects of Statistical Training on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Introduction: This research looks at Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, to see if a brief statistical training influences probabilistic reasoning skills in children with ASD. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects many different parts of an individual's functioning. It is characterized by impairments in social functioning and language, such as communication and interaction skills. Individuals with ASD struggle with generalization, which is the ability to extract a general principle or rule based on small amounts of data. This skill is incredibly important when it comes to learning; in fact, much of how we learn about the world involves generalizing from the information around us. In order to make such generalizations it's necessary to have an understanding of intuitive statistics, which allows human learners to make predictions based on the data given. Previous Research: Sim & Xu (2016) explored this understanding of intuitive statistics, and found that that children with ASD show weaknesses in probabilistic reasoning as compared to typically developing (or TD) children. They conducted a study showing both TD children and children with ASD videos of objects bouncing around inside circles (Figure 1.1) of three yellow objects and one blue object. During the test trials, the circle would be blocked as well as the outcome, and the child would be shown two outcome cards (Figures 1.2 &1.3) and had to choose which one they think would happen; would the majority (yellow) object be the one that fell out, or the minority (blue) object? Figure 1.1 Sim & Xu (2016) Figure 1.2 Outcome 1 Figure 1.3 Outcome 2 The results of the study showed that children with ASD did show impairments in probabilistic reasoning, meaning they weren't able to correctly infer that the majority objects were more likely to fall out. This could allude to something very important about the underlying mechanisms of ASD being rooted in the way children with ASD learn new information, which would have cascading consequences in all domains of learning throughout their lives. This study leaves the need for exploration of ways in which children with ASD could acquire such skills of probabilistic reasoning. Stanley & Lawson (2014) sought a similar goal, but with typically developing (TD) children. They found that an explicit training on statistical principles for TD children increased their ability to accurately use these skills. Goals:


Interstitial water samples have been collected on every leg since the beginning of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Sediment samples were taken from selected core sections and processed as soon as possible after recovery. When it was necessary to store samples for later squeezing, sediments were kept in glass jars with polyseal caps and stored at 4°C in the laboratory refrigerator. While all reasonable precautions were taken to minimize contamination during sampling and processing, the sediments were exposed to the atmosphere and squeezing was carried out at the ambient temperature of the shipboard laboratory. This section provides a complete description of the specially constructed equipment and an explanation of the new procedures employed in the collection and processing of sediments for the Leg 15 geochemical program. This is the first time that sediments have been processed in an inert atmosphere and samples have been squeezed at different temperatures aboard the Glomar Challenger. Interstitial water samples were squeezed at two temperatures from 64 segments of core. Samples of sediment from all three geochemical sites were also packaged under an inert atmosphere in especially designed vessels (kettles) for gas equilibration studies. Whenever practical, pH measurements were made directly on the fresh sediments. Samples of interstitial gases were collected from cores recovered in the Cariaco Trench, and special interstitial water samples were collected at two sites for determination of the dissolved rare gases. Figure 1 is a flow sheet of the sediment sampling and processing procedures. The Leg 15 special geochemical studies were carried out by a six man team. In addition to the authors, Dr. Joris Gieskes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Messers. David Bos and Richard DuBois, Deep Sea Drilling Project were participants. The equipment was loaded under the supervision of Horowitz at San Juan, P.R., and installed and tested by Waterman, Bos, and DuBois while the ship was in dry dock at Curacao and while occupying the reentry site (146). The other three members of the team boarded the ship at Curacao following completion of drilling at Site 146. Selection of sediment samples was made by Broecker and Horowitz. The squeezing, packaging, and storage of pore fluids was carried out by Waterman, Bos, and DuBois.


Research was conducted on physical oceanograhic processes off the Georgia Coast. Spatral variations in momentum and salt flux were measured to determine their importance in generating flow and salt transport. Analyses of data are presently underway.


Based on the study of the applicaton of traditional PID for gasoline engine idling mode,the fuzzy control algorithm is used to control the gasoline engine.According to MATLAB/SIMULINK,the system of gasoline engine idling mode and fuzzy controler are designed.In the process of simulation,the control capability of the fuzzy controller to the idling mode is verified,which include the response speed which is from the engine starting to the real idling and the response ability of outside changing load of the engine,whatever the load increase or decrease,the fuzzy controller can respond quickly.Experiment shows that anti-interference agility against the PID has great increase.Because it does not need accurate mathematical model,self-adaptive ability also has an important improvement.


Correspondence Intertriginous drug eruption: report of a case and proposed pathogenetic mechanism The clinical appearance of a drug eruption does not help in determining the offending drug or the pathogenetic mechanism involved. Routine laboratory investigations, intradermal or patch testing, drug re-challenge, and other in vitro tests either have limited diagnostic value or are open to misinterpretation. 1


For some years now, China has been Australia's largest export destination. This is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. China's share of global GDP is also likely to continue to rise as average living standards in China improve further. Given that China's population is roughly four times that of the United States, the Chinese economy will be roughly twice the size of the US economy when average per capita incomes in China reach just half those in the United States – something which should be achievable. It will take some time to get to this point, but it is clear that what happens in China matters to us all, and increasingly so.


This study examines whether legal origin has an impact on the association between analyst following and intangibles recognised in corporate financial statements. Using a sample of 7,233 company-year observations from ten countries for 2004-2006, this study finds that the association between analyst following and recognised intangibles is impacted by legal origin. Analyst following is higher for companies that have recognised intangibles than for those that do not, and it is also higher for companies from civil law countries. Further, when intangible assets are recognised on the balance sheet, or research and development expense is included in the income statement, the increase in analyst following is greater for companies from civil law countries than for those from common law countries. The findings suggest that companies recognising intangibles in civil law countries provide greater opportunity for analysts to make an incremental information contribution to investors than those companies in common law jurisdictions.


Let j/ be a family of 7?-modules. An Ä-module M is (finitely) j^-decomposable if M = PA where each PA is a direct summand of a (finite) direct sum of copies of A (and Aej* PA = 0 for almost all A e j/). The module M is j^-separable if every finite subset of M is contained in a finitely j/-decomposable direct summand of M. We show that strongly nice images of j/-decomposable modules are j^-separable and vice versa under some restrictions on j/. Furthermore, we discuss under which conditions on s/ the class of <ß/-separable modules is closed under direct summands and give several examples. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). 16A53, 16A65; 20K20, 20K30.


Recent ly developed p a r t s of a computer program are presented t h a t con ta in a r u l e s y s t e m which a u t o m a t i c a l l y c o n v e r t s m u s i c s c o r e s t o musical p e r f o r m a n c e , and wh ich , i n a s e n s e , c a n be r e g a r d e d as a model of a m u s i c a l l y g i f t e d p l a y e r . The deve lopmen t o f t h e r u l e s y s t e m h a s followed t h e a n a l y s i s b y s y n t h e s i s s t r a t e g y ; v a r i o u s r u l e s have been formulated a f t e r having been suggested by a p ro fe s s iona l s t r i n g q u a r t e t v i o l i n i s t and t eache r of ensemble playing. The e f f e c t s o f v a r i o u s r u l e s concerning synchronizat ion and t iming and, a l s o , tuning i n performance of e n s e m b l e mus ic are e v a l u a t e d by a l i s t e n i n g p a n e l o f p r o f e s s i o n a l musicians. Further support f o r t h e not ion of melodic charge, p rev ious ly introduced and p l a y i n g a p r o m i n e n t r u l e i n t h e p e r f o r m a n c e r u l e s , is found i n a c o r r e l a t i o n wi th f i n e tuning of i n t e rva l s .


Outsourcing logical regression model to the cloud is highly beneficial, yet it will not only cause privacy issues due to the confidentiality of the data, but also cause bandwidth and computing burden for the cloud. In this paper, we design, implement and evaluate a new system that allows secure cloud-edge collaborative logistic regression model (SC-CLRM) based on multi-key fully homomorphic encryption (multi-key FHE). Our system significantly shifts the processing of the cloud to the edge and securely trains logistic regression model among multiple parties. We first propose a new scheme which uses the cloud server and edge node to jointly train logistic regression model over the ciphertext to ensure the security of data and classification model against the cloud server, and data source can go offline after providing the data. We further design security protocols based on multi-key FHE which supports multiple data sources and satisfies the semi-honest model security under outsourcing cloud computing. Performance evaluation demonstrates our new system can securely train the logistic regression model of multiple data sources, as well as share 41.72%~44.92% communication and 53.13%~60.99% computation overhead of the cloud.


ObjectiveTo develop a method for determining the content of glycyrrhizic acid and paeoniflorin in Weikangling Capsules by RP-HPLC.MethodsThe chromatographic method was carried on a Shim-Pack VP-ODS C_(18)column(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).Acetonitrile-water(containing 0.1% Phosphoric acid) was used as the mobile phase with gradient elution.The detection wavelength was at 235 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.Column temperature was 40℃.ResultsA good linearity was found at the concentration range of 0.15~1.50 μg for glycyrrhizc acid and 0.11~1.08 μg for paeoniflorn.The average recovery were(99.7)%,99.4% and the relative standard deviation was 2.67%,2.43%,respectively.ConclusionThe method is simple,(rapid,) reliable and can be used for the drug control.


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with data transmission and sensing facilities are gaining more popularity in different applications due to its miniaturization and mobility. In this paper, a UAV-based overlay cognitive radio (CR) network is investigated in which the UAV is used as a secondary user (SU). This paper proposes an efficient energy management solution to improve the performance of the UAV. When SUs opportunistically utilize the licensed spectrum of the primary network, spectrum sensing is needed to determine whether to transmit data or not, so the sensing time and secondary transmission power should be jointly optimized. We formulate this non-convex optimization problem subject to multiple constraints, which seeks to investigate on the effect of the sensing time and transmission power on the performance of the system. The problem is difficult to tackle, then we propose an algorithm applying the techniques of alternating optimization and dichotomy method. In addition, we compare the proposed algorithm with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to verify its performance. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the PSO algorithm and significantly enhances the energy efficiency of the UAV-based CR system.


Aircraft manufacturers are interested in designing and building a new generation of supersonic aircraft that produce shaped sonic booms of lower peak amplitude than booms created by current supersonic aircraft. To determine if the noise exposure from these "low"booms is more acceptable to communities, new laboratory testing to evaluate people's responses must occur. To guide supersonic aircraft design, objective measures that predict human response to modified sonic boom waveforms and other impulsive sounds are needed. The present research phase is focused on understanding people's reactions to booms when heard inside, and therefore includes consideration of the effects of house type and the indoor acoustic environment. A test was conducted in NASA Langley's Interior Effects Room (IER), with the collaboration of NASA Langley engineers. This test was focused on the effects of low-frequency content and of vibration, and subjects sat in a small living room environment. A second test was conducted in a sound ...


The present study examined how social skills and interpersonal trust facilitate the support-seeking process in two different cultures, namely, those of China and the United States. Drawing from Sensitive Interactions Systems Theory and attachment theory, the current study examines the connections between social skill, interpersonal trust, the perceived appropriateness of seeking support, and the likelihood of displaying emotional distress to friends. Results indicated both similarities and differences between Americans and Chinese in terms of support seeking. Across both cultural groups, interpersonal trust was associated with appropriate help seeking, which, in turn, predicted the likelihood of showing emotional distress to friends. The two culture groups differed in terms of attenuating displays of distress (showing less than one actually feels). Among Chinese participants, attenuating displays of emotion was seen as positive and was associated with appropriateness. Among European Americans, attenuating displays of distress was negatively associated with appropriateness.


For two stage perishable productpsilas supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer, it can be coordinated with rebate and penalty contract under some setting. But this coordination may be broken off by an emergent event, which maybe make the demand disruptions. In this paper, an optimal strategy for perishable supply chain to the disruptions is given, and as optimal response for the perishable supply chain to the disruptions, an adjusted rebate and penalty contract which has anti-disruption ability is proposed and some managerial insights are provided.


As a seasoned reviewers of many social work publications, I find myself making the same or similar comments about the content and structure of articles. I thought that it might be useful to offer some observations in a way that would be accessible and helpful to those who were disenchanted about their lack of success in getting published. I have also taken note of comments made to me about their frustration with journals that fail to give useful feedback and with their struggle to just get their first words on paper.


Work on hyperfragment and unstable fragment production in nuclear emulsion by 4.5-Bev pi /sup -/ mesons is reported. The hypenfragments and Li/ sup 8/ fragments were found by following each grey or black prong of each star until it left the pellicle in which the star was found. In examining some 25,000 stars, 150 Li/sup 8/ hammer tracks were found, and 50 events which at first sight were interpreted as hyperfragments. (W.D.M.)


The traditional online teaching adopts the single architecture to develop and implement the system, which facilitates the data sharing and testing of the system. However, due to the increasing complexity of the system's business functions, the system based on monolithic architecture has become increasingly complex, its scalability has deteriorated, and its concurrency performance has decreased. Based on these problems, this paper puts forward combining microservice architecture and online teaching platform, using microservice architecture independent deployment, concurrent performance characteristics such as high technology selection and flexible, the complex business function is divided into several small service module, solve the challenges faced by the traditional system, at the same time improve the efficiency of the use of online teaching platform and students' learning autonomy, The system function design, architecture design, safety design and so on are expounded to build an efficient and perfect online teaching platform.


GCA(general combining ability)and SCA(special combining ability)of Mo17,improved maize inbred lines and widely used lines in China were analyzed in a diallel cross experiment.The analysis showed that J1288,J1052 and J1712 had higher general combining ability than Mo17,and J1288 was the best improved inbred line.The total combining ability of J1288×Ji853 was the highest and the best cross.J1288×9206,J1288×GY349,J1052×Dan340,Mo17×GY349 and J1712×Dan340,which had higher total combining ability,were also better crosses.We can conclude that it is feasible to introduce tropical and subtropical blood,and matching with domestic lines,these improved lines can get crosses with better comprehensive trails.


When a reactor is closed down the air temperature in the containment falls from about 55 °C to ambient temperature in the course of 3-4 days. Early repair and maintenance work, hence, has to be carried out in hot conditions. A common temperature during most of maintenance work is around 25-30 °C. Workers have to wear protective clothing according to the demands for each contamination zone. Heat stress on the individual worker is determined by climate, protective clothing and work intensity. Experiments with four subjects were carried out at 40 and 50 °C with the ventilated Mururoa suit (465 l/min). The suit allows light and moderate work for several hours with only limited heat strain.


In this paper, we consider the validity of the strong maximum principle for weakly coupled, degenerate and cooperative elliptic systems in a bounded domain. In particular, we are interested in the viscosity solutions of elliptic systems with fully nonlinear degenerated principal symbol. Applying the method of viscosity solutions, introduced by Crandall, Ishii and Lions in 1992, we prove the validity of strong interior and boundary maximum principle for semi-continuous viscosity sub- and super-solutions of such nonlinear systems. For the first time in the literature, the strong maximum principle is considered for viscosity solutions to nonlinear elliptic systems. As a consequence of the strong interior maximum principle, we derive comparison principle for viscosity sub- and super-solutions in case when on of them is a classical one. The main novelty of this work is the reduction of the smoothness of the solution. In the literature the strong maximum principle is proved for classical C2 or generalized C1 solutions, while we prove it for semi-continuous ones.


The main service conditions and failure modes of plastic mold materials were summarized in this paper.The development status of plastic mold materials was introduced from plastic mold material itself and mold surface technology respectively.This paper also indicates a new composite coating material combined with rare-earth and nano surface technology,which can significantly improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance,reduce the cost of mold material and has a broad development prospect.The preparation processing thinking which combines with high energy ball milling and powder metallurgy is also proposed.


In this paper the theoretical basis for building multibases special processors, the modularprinciple of solution and correlation processing of information flows.


This paper presents on-going research on automatic extraction of bilingual lexicon from English-Japanese parallel corpora. The main objective of this paper is to examine various N-gram models of generating translation units for bilingual lexicon extraction. Three N-gram models, a baseline model (Bound-length N-gram) and two new models (Chunk-bound N-gram and Dependency-linked N-gram) are compared. An experiment with 10000 English-Japanese parallel sentences shows that Chunk-bound N-gram produces the best result in terms of accuracy (83%) as well as coverage (60%) and it improves approximately by 13% in accuracy and by 5-9% in coverage from the previously proposed baseline model.


Article history: Received 22 August 2013 Accepted 7 December 2013 Available online 22 December 2013 As cities become the pillars of economic production, operating them by using the latest technology takes center stage. This introduction to a special issue on the "city and technology" reviews one of the developing areas in making cities more efficient and effective via using technology as part of awhole system. Invited authors presented their research in fourteen articles on the effect of technology vis-à-vis the functioning of cities as a system. They examine the opportunities and challenges presented by the integration of technology in various aspects of operating a city. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Rehabilitation of the Greek Orthodox Monastery at Saidet Kaftoun, situated in a deep valley some 7 km to the east of the Chekka promontory, revealed an important medieval monument, the Church of Mar Sarkis. 1 The stone building has since been cleared of the earth burying it and an effort is being made to restore it to its liturgical function {Fig. 1}. Once traces of wall paintings were observed on the walls in 2002-2003, a number of people of good will intervened, inviting Polish restorers from Warsaw, working at the time in Lebanon, to undertake the restoration. Having received stamp of approval from the Greek Orthodox Archbishopric of Mount Lebanon and the Direction Generale des Antiquites of Lebanon, the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology mounted the first season of work in 2004, between August 12 and September 10. 2 The team started with the conservation oftwo fragments of painting uncovered and protected in 2003. Probes through the layers of plaster found on the church walls revealed a number of other murals, leading to a systematic uncovering and protection of further sections of painted decoration. This work, which will be continued next year, coincided with a program of archaeological and architectural investigations, intended to provide the necessary data for the proper rehabilitation of the ruined building.


We show that if a cusped Borel Anosov representation from a lattice $\Gamma \subset \mathsf{PGL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ to $\mathsf{PGL}_d(\mathbb{R})$ contains a unipotent element with a single Jordan block in its image, then it is necessarily a (cusped) Hitchin representation. We also show that the amalgamation of a Hitchin representation with a cusped Borel Anosov representation that is not Hitchin is never cusped Borel Anosov.


Rapid growth and evolution in the number, functionalities, and scope of Internet of Things devices is evident. We present osmotic computing as a new paradigm able to respond to resource heterogeneity, secure data exchange, and efficient microservices deployment across federated cloud systems.


The proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is often coupled to the dysregulation, amplification and overexpression of tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) among others. TKRs are cell‐surface receptors that bind to their cognate ligand, peptide hormones known as growth factors. Binding of the growth factor ligand stimulates TKRs, activating a signal‐transduction cascade that leads to cell growth, migration and the formation of tumor vasculature. A look at TKRs reveals a general architecture of the receptor. They are comprised of three distinct domains: an extracellular, transmembrane and an intracellular domain. As these receptors are often upregulated in GBM, an RNA Therapy to modulate the expression, inhibit the translation of critical TKR domains or reduce its activation would reduce the functionality of these oncogenic transcripts and proteins in GBM. Our research focuses on the development of AAV gene therapy vectors that encode novel RNA therapeutics to reduce the expression of oncogenic transcripts as well as inhibit their activation in GBM, the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Individuals diagnosed with GBM have a short life expectancy of 12–15 months. The standard care and treatment as well as the developmental pipeline of new therapeutic strategies are often limited by the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), restricting systemically administered therapies from reaching the brain (Hicks et al., 2015). Thus, a novel strategy that circumvents this barrier is necessary to effectively reach the CNS tumor microenvironment. Direct AAV delivery of genes that encode RNA therapeutics at the time of tumor resection would bypass the BBB to deliver a persistent and constant dosage from the inside‐out. With the advancement of nanopore sequencing technology, we are able to read longer transcripts (>200kb). With this technology, we are able to examine the architecture of nascent pre‐mRNA transcripts, detect lower abundant alternatively spliced and polyadenylated isoforms, as well take advantage of RNA structurome analysis to reveal RNA elements within TKRs which are more susceptible to RNA anti‐sense directed therapies. To this end, we have developed a strategy to identify novel targets within oncogenic transcripts and incorporate these therapies directed against these targets into our AAV directed RNA gene therapy platforms. In addition, we use RNA mimics to take advantage of the RNA interference pathway to modulate and reduce expression of oncogenic transcripts. This research has the potential to identify novel RNA elements and alternatively spliced and polyadenylated isoforms of TKRs in health and disease. The ultimate goal of our research project is to build on current strategies to identify even better RNA elements of the EGFR and VEGFR2 transcripts which are structurally available for both microRNA degradation and anti‐sense directed alternative splicing therapy.


Abstract The supergiant star Alpha Orionis (Betelgeuse) is the only star other than the Sun to be spatially resolved either through direct imaging or through reconstruction of interferometric observations. Centimeter-radio wavelength, infrared and ultraviolet images reveal a few bright hot spots in the photosphere and chromosphere that possess characteristics different from sunspots. Large photospheric spots on Betelgeuse appear to result from convective motions, consistent with radiative hydrodynamic modeling; the chromospheric hot spots may be produced by shock waves in the chromosphere excited by the convective motions or pulsation in the photosphere. Bright chromospheric spots that cluster around the pole of Betelgeuse could be a natural result of shock breakout in a rotating star.


The experience of the development of the furniture enterprises in foreign countries shows that cluster is one of their common choices.The causes of such a choice have much to do with the characteristics of furniture enterprises.The development of furniture enterprises has to go with the current fashion and ask for various necessary supplies and relevant services.It has an increasingly great demand for technology.In order to further develop Chinese furniture enterprises,it is a must for us to use the experiences of other countries'development of furniture industry for reference,to support the making of the cluster.,and give much more helpful to our country's cluster of furniture industry,specially,cluster is one of the important developing strategy of furniture industry.Therefore,the government should strive to better relevant systems and environment and create favorable exterior environment and reasonable interior mechanism for the forming and developing of such a cluster.It is vital to give full play of the leading effect of the leading enterprise.So is to encourage and promote the division and cooperation of the enterprises within the cluster.Creativity should be made to be the unchanging principle to keep an everlasting strong competition.


This paper derives simple equations to determine the effects of the reverse recovery time and stray inductance on the available reverse bias time of the main thyristor to guarantee the commutation of the main thyristor. These effects are illustrated by an example of a practical chopper circuit.


In coupled-core multicore fibers the light guided by the cores is continuously scrambled across all cores. The scrambling can be undone using multiple-input-multiple-output digital signal processing, and a beneficial reduction of nonlinear impairments is observed compared to single-mode fiber transmission.


ABSTRACT
 Charipinae collected in different regions of Mexico have been studied. Twelve species are cited for the first time: Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902), Alloxysta brevis (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta castanea (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta fuscicornis (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta mullensis (Cameron, 1883) ; Alloxysta victrix (Westwood, 1833 ); Phaenoglyphis americana Baker, 1896; Phaenoglyphis calverti Andrews, 1978; Phaenoglyphis falcata Andrews, 1978; Phaenoglyphis stenos Andrews, 1978; Phaenoglyphis stricta (Thomson, 1877); and Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841). Three new species are described: Alloxysta evenhuisi Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta mexicana Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., and Alloxysta sarae Ferrer-Suay n. sp. The genera Alloxysta and Phaenoglyphis are cited for the first time from Mexico. A key to all Mexican Charipinae is given. New hosts and trophic relationships are presented for some species.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a structured research curriculum (Clinical Research Education Study Teams [CREST]) on scholarly productivity for residents in obstetrics and gynecology. METHODS: Program records were reviewed and each graduate's scholarly activity for the graduating classes of 2008–2015 was extracted. A control group consisted of the residents who had graduated in the decade before curriculum implementation. Graduates of the curriculum were surveyed to determine resident perception of their abilities pertaining to research after graduation. Continued engagement in research was also evaluated. Analytic tools were descriptive. RESULTS: The scholarly activity during residency was evaluated for the 31 residents who participated in the curriculum. Fifty-one scholarly products were identified (14 journal publications, 12 oral presentations, and 25 poster presentations). The average number of scholarly products was 6.38 per class and 1.34 per resident. Seven publications from 40 residents in the historic control group were identified (0.18 per resident). Seventy-eight percent of graduates responded to the survey. Graduates reported no concern for completion of the residency research requirement, felt better equipped to evaluate the literature, and felt more confident in their abilities to complete a research project. They reported continued productivity after graduation (mean 2.22 manuscripts). CONCLUSION: Obstetrics and gynecology residents who engaged in a structured clinical research curriculum (CREST) were significantly more active in clinical research than historic controls and presented their work frequently on the local, regional, and national level. Graduates of the program identified that this carried a sustained effect into their early careers.


The conducted research aims to determine the role of international organizations in the field of maintaining environmental safety. It is concluded that the relevance of the activities of international environmental organizations, governmental and non-governmental, both individually and collectively, make an important contribution to the processes of ensuring and maintaining environmental safety throughout the world, showing the need to disseminate environmental education, invest in environmental projects, increase society's involvement in cooperation at the national and international levels, update scientific theoretical and practical research, and preserve natural heritage for future generations.


This paper presents a survey of applications of fuzzy logic in real Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The use of fuzzy logic in WSNs is shown to be a promising technique since it allows combining and evaluating diverse parameters in an efficient manner. Fuzzy logic is a good approach due to the execution requirements can be easily supported by sensor nodes, while it is able to improve the overall network performance. The potential of fuzzy logic goes beyond traditional systems and can be used in many research fields (statistics, quality control, optimization techniques . . . ), allowing multidisciplinary approaches and performance improvements. In WSNs, fuzzy logic has been used to improve decision-making, reduce resource consumption, and generally increase performance through efficient deployment, localization, clustering and cluster head election, routing, data aggregation, security, etc.


In book 8 of his Naturalis historia, Pliny the Elder mentions the particularly savage character of some monkeys. Most editions and translations of Pliny's text maintain that the reference to the fierce nature of these animals concerns both the cynocephali and the satyri. However, in the manuscript Riccardianus 488 (R in the transmission of Pliny), a second hand, contemporary to the period in which the text was copied, added supra lineam the obscure term *miarsima, which would refer to the nature of the satyri in opposition to that of the cynocephali. By examining part of the ancient zoological and geographic traditions, in particular the De natura animalium by Aelian, this article defends editing the text of Pliny with the adjective mitissima, already present in the first printed editions of the Naturalis historia, as follows: Efferatior cynocephalis natura sicut mitissima satyris.


For stiffened structures in compression the most critical damage mechanism leading to structural collapse is delamination or adhesive disbonding between the skin and stiffener. This paper presents the development of a numerical approach capable of simulating interlaminar crack growth in composite structures as a representation of this damage mecha-nism. A degradation methodology was proposed using shell layers connected at the nodes by user-defined multiple point constraints (MPCs), and then controlling the properties of these MPCs to simulate the initiation and propagation of delamination and disbonding. A fracture mechanics approach based on the Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) is used to detect growth at the delamination front. Numerical predictions using the degradation methodology were compared to experimental results for double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens to dem-onstrate the effectiveness of the current approach. Future development will focus on address-ing the apparent conservatism of the VCCT approach, and extending the application of the method to other specimen types and stiffened structures representative of composite fuselage designs. This work is part of the European Commission Project COCOMAT (Improved MA-Terial Exploitation at Safe Design of COmposite Airframe Structures by Accurate Simulation of COllapse), an ongoing four-year project that aims to exploit the large strength reserves of composite aerospace structures through more accurate prediction of collapse.


The field-dependence of the charge photogeneration efficiency reduces the holographic contrast in an organic photorefractive composite. In this article, the Braun model for field-dependent photogeneration efficiency is incorporated into the standard model of photorefractivity. Using this formalism, the effect on the space-charge field, and thereby holographic index contrast, is calculated directly without the need for empirically found parameters. The dependence of the space-charge field on experimental geometry is also analyzed. A powerful description of the effective space-charge field is thus derived and is experimentally verified. This analysis is then used to compare the observed holographic contrast to that predicted from transmission ellipsometry measurements.


Land-use/cover changes not only amplify or alleviate influence of climate changes but also they are representative factors to affect environmental change along with climate changes. Thus, the use of land-use/cover changes scenario, consistent climate change scenario is very important to evaluate reliable influences by climate change. The purpose for this study is to predict and analyze the future urban growth considering social and economic scenario from RCP scenario suggested by the 5th evaluation report of IPCC. This study sets land-use/cover changes scenario based on storyline from RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenario. Urban growth rate for each scenario is calculated by urban area per person and GDP for the last 25 years and regression formula based on double logarithmic model. In addition, the urban demand is predicted by the future population and GDP suggested by the government. This predicted demand is spatially distributed by the urban growth probability map made by logistic regression. As a result, the accuracy of urban growth probability map is appeared to be 89.3~90.3% high and the prediction accuracy for RCP 4.5 showed higher value than that of RCP 8.5. Urban areas from 2020 to 2050 showed consistent growth while the rate of increasing urban areas for RCP 8.5 scenario showed higher value than that of RCP 4.5 scenario. Increase of urban areas is predicted by the fact that famlands are damaged. Especially RCP 8.5 scenario indicated more increase not only farmland but also forest than RCP 4.5 scenario. In addition, the decrease of farmland and forest showed higher level from metropolitan cities than province cities. The results of this study is believed to be used for basic data to clarify complex two-way effects quantitatively for future climate change, land-use/cover changes.


Abstract Glacier basal motion is responsible for the majority of ice flux on fast-flowing glaciers, enables rapid changes in glacier motion and provides the means by which glaciers shape alpine landscapes. In an effort to enhance our understanding of basal motion, we investigate the evolution of glacier velocity and ice-marginal lake stage on Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, during the spring–summer transition, a time when subglacial drainage is undergoing rapid change. A complicated record of > 50 m fill-and-drain sequences on a hydraulically-connected ice-marginal lake likely reflects the punctuated establishment of efficient subglacial drainage as the melt season begins. The rate of change of lake stage generally correlates with diurnal velocity maxima, both in timing and magnitude. At the seasonal scale, the up-glacier progression of enhanced summer basal motion promotes uniformity of daily glacier velocity fluctuations throughout the 10 km study reach, and results in diurnal velocity patterns suggesting increasingly efficient meltwater delivery to and drainage from the subglacial channel system. Our findings suggest the potential of using an ice-marginal lake as a proxy for subglacial water pressure, and show how widespread basal motion affects bulk glacier behavior.


Real-world talking faces often accompany with natural head movement. However, most existing talking face video generation methods only consider facial animation with fixed head pose. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a deep neural network model that takes an audio signal A of a source person and a very short video V of a target person as input, and outputs a synthesized highquality talking face video with natural head pose (making use of the visual information in V), expression and lip synchronization (by considering both A and V). The most challenging issue in our work is that natural poses often cause in-plane and out-of-plane head rotations, which makes synthesized talking face video far from realistic. To address this challenge, we reconstruct 3D face animation and re-render it into synthesized frames. To fine tune these frames into realistic ones with smooth background transition, we propose a novel memory-augmented GAN module. Extensive experiments and three user studies show that our method can generate high-quality (i.e., natural head movements, expressions and good lip synchronization) personalized talking face videos, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods.


Abstract:Design patterns inspired from the field of architecture, have a strong presence in software engineering, with the leading contribution by the gang of four, circuit design lacks formal architectural definitions and design patterns, definitions, although, BEAM or MFA I design has a modular design structure with design patterns. In this paper we introduce a Tensor definition for architectural patterns, with a stability analysis of large signal behaviour, leading to definitions of associative memory, state diagrams and digital architectural paradigms in analog design. In future work, we design natural language like grammars to tensor representations in a formal complexity theory of Lie Computability and monotonic functions.Keywords: design patterns, structural, functional, behavioural, architecture, analog design, design thinking, constructivism, BEAM robotics, gestalt.What:Structural and Functional architectural patterns in analog design, with small signal and large signal analysis in analog design, illustrated with Nv neuron architectures.How:Reconfigurable design blocks for op amps and BJT/FETs are explored with reconfigurable control buses, and complex impedances, a combination of capacitive, inductive and resistive elements, all amenable to low scale integrated design as FlexICs. With this modular core for use in reconfigurable BEAM robotics, as an illustration of the use of design patterns.


This study aimed to examine molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolic fate of S -nitrosoglu-tathione (GSNO) in endothelial cells. After addition of 1m M GSNO in culture medium, concentration of S -ni-trosothiols (RSNO) significantly decreased with concomitant accumulation of nitrite (NO 2 2 ) only in the presence of human endothelial cells (ECV304), while no change in RSNO decomposition and NO 2 2 accumulation was observed in case of S -nitrosocysteine. Bathocuproine disulfonic acid (BCS), a chelator for Cu(I), prevented the cell-mediated decomposition of RSNO and accumulation of NO 2 2 . Chelator for Cu(II), Fe(II), or Fe(III); inhibitors of gg -glutamyltranspeptidase; or a superoxide quenching enzyme had no effect on the cell-mediated degradation of RSNO and accumulation of NO 2 2 . These results indicate that cellular Cu(I) would play a major role in the conversion of GSNO into NO 2 2 . We recently demonstrated that human glyoxalase I (Glo I) interacts with GSNO in vitro and within cells. When Glo I interacts with GSNO, Glo I is inactivated and is chemically modified with pI alteration on 2D gels. So, we examined effect of Cu(I) chelation on the Glo I response. As a result, chelation of cellular Cu(I) by BCS enhanced the inactivation and chemical modification of Glo I by GSNO. The Glo I response could be detected when the cells were exposed to GSNO at 10 mm M , corresponding to the concentration of RSNO under physiological conditions, with pretreatment of BCS. Metal chelators for copper and iron ions had no effect on the sensitivity of Glo I to an nitric oxide (NO) radical donor. These results indicate that chelation of cellular Cu(I) potentiates the sensitivity of Glo I to GSNO. The observation in the present study implicates that intracellular levels of GSNO might be elevated, accompanying with stabilization of extracellular RSNO.


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Summary form only given. We show that in an electron-light ion-heavy ion plasma, the light component can rotate with a frequency, Omegar = (ZnH/ne)OmegaL where nH and ne are their densities, Z is the heavy ion charge state, and OmegaL is the light ion gyro-frequency. There is a current perpendicular to the magnetic field due to the light ion and electron EtimesB drift, which induces an electric field in the direction of the current. Hence the plasma is subject to electric forces simultaneously in the two orthogonal directions perpendicular to the magnetic field resulting in rotation of the lighter fluids. Omegar falls in-between the light and heavy ion cyclotron frequencies. The rotation introduces a new time scale and can significantly affect the waves with frequencies close to Omegar. This is analogous to the cyclotron phenomenon but distinct from it. We show that for the rotation waves, the wave energy is mainly in the kinetic (rotation) energy of the light ion fluid which affects the large-scale MHD properties; in particular, the character of turbulence. For example, the nonlinear MHD wave evolution near Omega r is governed by a nonlinear Schrodinger equation. For long wavelengths (kVA = Omegar) the dispersion relation becomes isomorphic to the electrostatic Langmuir wave dispersion relation. The interaction of the fast rotation time-scale with the slow heavy ion magnetosonic time-scale is achieved via ponderomotive force resulting in the formation of long wavelength condensates and strong turbulence. This implies that the turbulence spectrum is likely to be determined by the appearance and collapse of solitons into structures with scale size L~VA/Omegar. We also show that nonlinearly the waves near Omegar can support large magnetic gradients and lead to plasma energization. Applications to space and astrophysical environments will be discussed


A Monte Carlo Calculation of Virtual Source Size and Energy Spread for a Liquid Metal Ion Source Patrick J. Hoepfner, M.S. Oregon Graduate Center Supervising Professor: Lynwood W. Swanson It has been recently observed that the virtual source size and energy spread increases with current for liquid metal ion sources. It is important to know how the energy spread and virtual source size depend on all of the experimental parameters. The Monte Carlo method was employed to simulate the natural emission process for a liquid metal ion source. Each of the ions was traced from a spherical emitter to a final reference plane while under the influences of the spherical accelerating field and the mutual interactions of the other ions. At the final reference plane the velocities and positions were determined. From these values the final energy spread and virtual source size were obtained. To find the functional dependence of all of the experimental parameters, the program was rerun varying one parameter at a time over a specific range of values. The experimental parameters investigated were: current (I), mass (M), charge (q), emitter radius (a), field at the emitter surface (F), distance traveled by the ions (Z), emission angle (a), initial kinetic energy, and initial energy spread of the ions. In the final analysis, the functional dependence of the energy spread AE and the virtual source diameter d, on the various parameters was found to be dimensionally consistent. They are:


Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has established a Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) strategy. Carrying out the DOTS strategy, the public health center is running the TB Prevention and Treatment program, in Indonesia it is called prevention and countermeasures of tuberculosis (P2TB) but in reality, the P2TB program has not been effectively implemented. Health workers who play an important role in carrying out their roles and duties in society are nurses. One of the efforts to improve the performance of nurses in TB treatment is the application of transformational leadership. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the results of the past 10 years of research related to the influence of transformational leadership on nurse performance in tuberculosis treatment.
Design: This study design is a literature review to search and review article from database and theory underlying this study or guidance in this literature review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and PRISMA.
Data Sources: The data base used in the article searches used include: Science Direct, PubMed, Google scholar, EBSCO using the keywords transformational leadership, nurse performance, tuberculosis treatment. The articles used are those between the years 2009-2019.
Review Methods: The review method for this literature review using a narrative method by classifying the similar extracted data according to the research findings.
Results: The main component of transformational leadership to improve The performance of nurses to play a more optimal role in an effective and efficient TB treatment effort is an idealized influence, which is that nurses have charismatic, in the fact that nurses in providing nursing care in the community must provide good paragons and become role models in the field of good health to individuals, families, groups and communities about how to live clean and healthy as behavior that can be imitated by the community, inspirational motivation for nurses as health teacher educators or health counselling which is a part of health promotion, the nurse's intellectual stimulation empowers communities to solve health problems in the community through small group discussions, and individual consideration, in this case the nurse's duty is as an advice provider and counseling is highly important and beneficial for the community. In order to achieve the fulfillment of the roles and responsibilities of nurses, there must be inner motivation among nurses in order that they can provide decent motivation to the community.
Conclusion: Transformational leadership can be applied to improve the performance of nurses in TB treatment efforts.


We conducted a programmatic assessment of ecological restoration within the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS). The NERRS encompasses a network of 26 protected areas in 20 coastal states and Puerto Rico, representing a broad diversity of aquatic and terrestrial habitat types among pristine and disturbed settings. Nearly all of the reserves provide opportunities for habitat restoration and enhancement, and for research in restoration ecology. While the political, scientific, and management issues affecting restoration among the reserves vary, general restoration priorities are similar. The reserves provide a fertile arena for the development and standardization of restoration monitoring protocols and for the development of innovative restoration technologies and applications.


Encryption along with compression is the process used to secure any multimedia content processing with minimum data storage and transmission. The transforms plays vital role for optimizing any encryptioncompression systems. Earlier the original information in the existing security system based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is protected by only a certain order of FRFT. In this article, a novel method for encryption-compression scheme based on multiple parameters of discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFRFT) with random phase matrices is proposed. The multiple-parameter discrete fractional Fourier transform (MPDFRFT) possesses all the desired properties of discrete fractional Fourier transform. The MPDFRFT converts to the DFRFT when all of its order parameters are the same. We exploit the properties of multipleparameter DFRFT and propose a novel encryptioncompression scheme using the double random phase in the MPDFRFT domain for encryption and compression data. The proposed scheme with MPDFRFT significantly enhances the data security along with image quality of decompressed image compared to DFRFT and FRFT and it shows consistent performance with different images. The numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and efficiency of this scheme based on Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Compression ratio (CR) and the robustness of the schemes against bruit force attack is examined.


Although the use of medicinal plants is becoming popular globally, some of these plants which are purported to be safe are not without side effects or toxicity. Portulaca oleracea, Linn. is among the medicinal plants used globally in the treatment of diseases and management of health challenges. The dearth of information on the toxicity of Portulaca oleracea in a long term use prompted this study which investigated the sub-chronic effect of the oral administration of polar (aqueous methanol) leaf extracts of Portulaca oleracea on haematological parameters in male albino rats. Sixtyfour animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 16 rats each. Group 1(Control) received 0.5 ml of 20% Tween 80 (vehicle), Groups 2, 3 & 4 received 125, 250 & 500 mg/kg bw of the extract respectively for 60 days by oral gavage. On days 14, 28, 42 and 60; four rats from each group were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected for haematology. No significant (p>0.05) variation occurred in the mean values of PCV, hemoglobin concentration, RBC count, platelet count and differential leucocyte count relative to the control throughout the 60-day duration. Significant (p<0.05) increase in WBC count was recorded on day 42 in the 500mg treated group. Oral administration of polar leaf extract of P.oleracea as used in this study had no injurious effect on haematological parameters in a long term treatment of 60 days; thus can be said to be non-toxic to blood parameters.


This paper considers the online machine minimization problem, a basic real time scheduling problem. The setting for this problem consists of n jobs that arrive over time, where each job has a deadline by which it must be completed. The goal is to design an online scheduler that feasibly schedules the jobs on a nearly minimal number of machines. An algorithm is c-machine optimal if the algorithm will feasibly schedule a collection of jobs on c ·m machines if there exists a feasible schedule on m machines. For over two decades the best known result was a O(log P)-machine optimal algorithm, where P is the ratio of the maximum to minimum job size. In a recent breakthrough, a O(log m)-machine optimal algorithm was given. In this paper, we exponentially improve on this recent result by giving a O(log log m)-machine optimal algorithm.


To solve problem of load analysis in distribution system which is characterized by the coexistence of automation and non-automation, this paper presents a load pattern analysis method in distribution system based on meter reading strategy. The typical load pattern and operator's experience are combined to improve conventional approach of meter reading for accumulating the information on characteristic point of load profile of non-automation measurement consumer. Analyzing and processing the gained information, this paper proposes an establishing method of simplified load pattern. Moreover, the multiple-unit fuzzy pattern recognition is employed to complete load pattern. Finally, the complete load pattern, load data collected by automation measurement at the head of feeder and monthly consumption are combined to compute the basic load information for the management and operation of distribution system. The case results indicate that the load information expressed as range of load variety can basically meet the operation demand. The method proposed in this paper has the practicability in present distribution systems in China.


The integrated line width derived from CO spectroscopy provides a powerful tool to study the internal kinematics of extragalactic objects, including quasars at high redshift, provided that the observed line width can be properly translated to more conventionally used kinematical parameters of galaxies. We show, through the construction of a Ks-band CO Tully-Fisher relation for nearby galaxies spanning a wide range in infrared luminosity, that the CO line width measured at 20% of the peak intensity, when corrected for inclination and other effects, successfully recovers the maximum rotation velocity of the disk. The line width at 50% of the peak intensity performs much more poorly, in large part because CO lines have a wide range of profiles, which are shown to vary systematically with infrared luminosity. We present a practical prescription for converting observed CO line widths into the stellar velocity dispersion of the bulge (σ*) and then apply it to a sample of low-redshift (z ≲ 0.2) and high-redshift (1.4 ≲ z ≲ 6.4) quasars to study their host galaxies. Nearby quasars roughly fall on the correlation between black hole mass and bulge stellar velocity dispersion established for inactive galaxies, but the host galaxies of the high-z quasars systematically deviate from the local M•-σ* relation. At a given σ*, high-z quasars have black hole masses larger by a factor of ~4 relative to local galaxies, suggesting that early in the life cycle of galaxies the development of the bulge lags behind the growth of the central black hole. An alternative explanation for these observations, which currently cannot be ruled out rigorously, is that high-redshift quasars are preferentially viewed at face-on orientations.


The present study was undertaken to analyze the impact of coal mining on plant diversity and tree population structure as affected by its proximity. The study revealed that the number of tree species was low in all the mining sites due to various activities during the mining as compared to adjacent unmined area, however, mining sites was represented by higher number of herbaceous species (31-41 species) than the unmined area (23 species). Pinus kesiya in the mining area, and Camellia caudata, Castanopsis purpurella and Quercus griffithii in unmined area were among the dominant trees. Majority of species showed contagious distribution pattern in the unmined and mined areas. The dominance-distribution pattern showed log-normal distribution in unmined area while it was resemble with broken-stick series model in the mined area. Shannon diversity index for tree and shrub species were low in mined areas as compared to that of the unmined area, however, diversity index of ground vegetation did not differ among the mined and unmined areas. Simpson's dominance index shows a reverse trend to that of diversity index. The tree density was more (1040 stems ha -1 ) in the unmined area than the mined areas (515 and 646 stems ha -1 ) while density of herbaceous species was higher in mined areas than the unmined area. The trees of medium girth class contributed to the maximum stand density in the mined areas, while in the unmined site the trees of low girth class contributed to the maximum stand density. The higher basal area in the mined areas, in spite of low stand density, could be mainly due to the existence of trees of high girth as they were not damaged by the miners during the mining operations. (New York Science Journal 2010;6(9):79-85). (ISSN: 1554-0200).


As cybersecurity threats in the water sector increase, new guidance tools can help utilities develop countermeasures to protect water sources and supply.


Return period analysis to assess the long-term impact of climate change on olive sector in Andalusia, Spain - results from the Med-Gold project

M. Gratsea1, K. V. Varotsos1, J. López-Nevado2, S. López-Feria2, C. Giannakopoulos1

1 Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Greece

2 DCOOP Sociedad Cooperativa, Andalusia, Spain

 Abstract

Med-Gold project, aims to develop climate services for olive, grape and durum wheat crops, which are the hallmarks of the Mediterranean food system. The generated climate related information at different timescales will be exploited by the end-users for operational decision-making. The objective of this study is to employ the return period method for communicating the effect of climate change on the olive crops in the long-term in Andalusia, which is one of the most important olive growing areas worldwide. Therefore, return periods of bad years in terms of olive yield and olive fly risk are being calculated for the reference period 1971-2000 and for the near (2031-2060) and distant future (2071-2100) under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios using an ensemble of five bias-corrected Regional Climate Models. The identification of the bad years - and the corresponding thresholds - is based on observational data from five monitoring stations in Andalusia (Malaga, Granada, Sevilla, Cordoba and Jaen) and the role of certain meteorological parameters (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity) is investigated. The results indicate an overall tendency for increased occurrence probability of bad years in terms of yield due to future higher temperatures and decreased precipitation. The impact is more pronounced towards the end of the century and under the RCP8.5 future emission scenario.

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776467.


An infectious agent capable of producing encephalomyelitis in mice has been detected in the intestines of normal kangaroo rats. These rats had been quartered for over a year in a laboratory which had also been inhabited by normal and poliomyelitis-infected monkeys and by albino mice proven to be intestinal carriers of Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus. By means of cross immunity tests and complement fixation reactions this virus has been shown to be immunologically related to the FA strain of mouse encephalomyelitis virus.


Micro aerial vehicle (MAV) gradually gains plentiful attention in recent years. However, it is still a full challenge to design MAVs with high aerodynamic performance because aerodynamic efficiency of wings deteriorates sharply at low Reynolds numbers. Under this circumstance, we focus on one unconventional configuration with annular wing, which can be folded from a square paper. The annular paperplane configuration is described with geometric parameters, and the longitudinal and lateral aerodynamic characteristics are studied with RANS method.


The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a large-scale phenomenon of air-sea intra-seasonal variability in the equatorial area, particularly in the Maritime Continent (MC). This research focused on the analysis of the MJO propagation process in association with rainfall events and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) during seasonal variations, i.e., November, December, January February, and March (NDJFM), and May, June, July, August September (MJJAS). MJO events from 2010 to 2019 were classified as MJO active or MJO weakening according to propagation characteristics and amplitude changes in the RMM index. This research uses a dataset of 10-year series of daily Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) (3B42 V7 derived) measurements for detecting rain rates. Daily OLR data from the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory and SSTA daily data from Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Centre (PODAAC) NOAA are considered for analysing MJO propagation. Composites of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) were also identified differences between the two events; active MJO events had consistently higher negative OLR anomalies than weakening MJO events. Active MJO events during NDJFM had a higher rain rate and positive SSTA than weakening MJO events. Furthermore, composite rain rates distribution over MC during NDJFM are mainly located in the south of the equator, contrarily when MJJAS are north of the equator.


1. Passive transfer of immunity to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis with pooled antiserum from immune rats was neutralized in vivo by intravenous injection of small amounts of a saline extract of adult worms. This inhibition of protection was associated with systemic anaphylaxis and appeared to result from the neutralization of protective antibodies.

2. Serum from infected rats was fractionated by G-200 Sephadex gel-filtration. Reaginic antibodies were shown to be intermediate in molecular size between 7S and 19S globulins in sera from both singly and multiply infected animals. In immunoelectrophoresis they migrated with fast immunoglobulins but could not be related to either IgG or IgA rat immunoglobulins. The same serum fractions gave both homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and systemic anaphylaxis.

3. Blocking antibodies were found both in the 7S and 19S fractions after separation on G-200 Sephadex. These antibodies were found in sera from rats immunized with worm extracts as well as in sera from singly and multiply infected animals.

4. The saline extract of adult worms was fractionated on G-200 Sephadex. The isolated antigenic material (allergen) for both homologous PCA and systemic anaphylaxis seemed to be a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 12,000–17,000.


3D object detection is one of the most important tasks in autonomous driving and robotics. Our research focuses on tackling low efficiency issue of point-based methods on large-scale point clouds. Existing point-based methods adopt farthest point sampling (FPS) strategy for downsampling, which is computationally expensive in terms of inference time and memory consumption when the number of point cloud increases. In order to improve efficiency, we propose a novel Instance-Centroid Faster Point Sampling Module (IC-FPS) , which effectively replaces the first Set Abstraction (SA) layer that is extremely tedious. IC-FPS module is comprised of two methods, local feature diffusion based background point filter (LFDBF) and Centroid-Instance Sampling Strategy (CISS). LFDBF is constructed to exclude most invalid background points, while CISS substitutes FPS strategy by fast sampling centroids and instance points. IC-FPS module can be inserted to almost every point-based models. Extensive experiments on multiple public benchmarks have demonstrated the superiority of IC-FPS. On Waymo dataset, the proposed module significantly improves performance of baseline model and accelerates inference speed by 3.8 times. For the first time, real-time detection of point-based models in large-scale point cloud scenario is realized.


Housing location is the key component in determining the housing price,but it is difficult to ensure the influence degree.In this study,18111 transaction records of repeat-sale house from July 2007 to January 2008 of Beijing are collected,the Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)model is applied to estimate the effects of three categories of independent variables,which include housing location category,property category and transportation accessibility category.It is found that spatial component can explain more than half of the housing price.


Expandable wheel concept is very important in case of goods transportation in off road conditions. Many times, we need to transport goods from forest area where vehicles need to travel in no road conditions. If we use expandable wheels in such conditions then transportation well be easy. As per requirement we can change diameter of wheel which allows vehicle to travel easily in off road conditions.
In this paper we have discussed various studies and research papers based on expandable wheels. There is very less literature is available on this topic but still we tried to summarized maximum available research papers. Some of the studies are related to wheels and their characteristics. We have also included such papers. Based on the research study further conclusion is drawn.


The boundary integral equation (BIE) method is ideal for modeling scattering of waves from arbitrarily shaped objects embedded in unbounded domains. Its singular or ''self''‐coefficients require special numerical treatment because the kernel of the integral equation exhibits the singularity of the Green's function for a fundamental point source. Regularization for direct numerical integration is particularly complicated for elastic waves in layered media where the Green's function is a tensor whose elements cannot be written in closed form. Here the singular coefficients are computed indirectly, by inferring their values from a family of related propagation scenarios whose solutions are known in advance by virtue of Huygens' principle. The method can be applied quite generally to compute other potentially troublesome coefficients, which may occur in thin platelike objects, for example, when one boundary element lies close and parallel to another on the opposite face, or in horizontally stratified media wh...