The objectives of this study are to determine the progress of the development cycle of the forest taking into account untypical development periods caused by fir decline and recovery, and to compare the per cent participation of individual phases and periods of forest development in the Świeta Katarzyna and Świety Krzyz Forest Ranges of the Świetokrzyski National Park. The development stages, phases, and periods was determined in P 6 fields of the SINUS System of Information on Natural Environment. Tree age distribution, stand structure, volume increment tendency (an increasing or decreasing one), and also the radial increment of fir and beech, and the age of the stand upper story or upper layer were taken as criteria. Fir until about 1960 was characterized by more or less even growth while during 1960-1985 a strong increment collapse occurred, followed by its recovery since 1986. On the other hand, beech during the whole analysed period (1890-1994) did not exhibit any significant decrease in its radial increment. After taking into account the progress of diameter increment of fir and beech the hypothetical series of successive changes of stand phases, mainly caused by decline and then recovery of fir, were developed. Seven new development phases taking place during the periods of decline, recovery and transformation, and not occurring in typical KORPEĽ's (1982) development cycle, are described. New phases were found in 140 P 6 fields out of 206 analysed fields. It was proved on the basis of the fraction equality chi-squared test that there was no reason to reject a null hypothesis according to which the per cent participation of phases during the recovery period in the Świeta Katarzyna Forest Range is the same as in the Świety Krzyz Forest Range (χ 2 = 2.756; df = 3; p = 0.4308). The absence of significant difference between these two forest ranges indicates, among others, an extensive and strong process of fir decline in the analysed part of the Świetokrzyski National Park (in the Łysogory Mountain Range). In order to improve the description of the development phases of the forest during the periods of decline, recovery and transformation these studies should be continued, especially on permanent research plots.


Distributed video coding presents a viable solution for power-constrained multimedia communication. However, its relatively low coding efficiency compared to the conventional video coding schemes remains a challenging issue. The rate-distortion performance of distributed video coding is highly dependent on the quality of side information generated at the decoder and various techniques have been proposed to improve the side information quality in block-based and frame-based distributed video coding architectures. In this paper, a robust spatiotemporal joint bilateral upsampling based side information generation method is proposed. The proposed side information generation method is based on a block-based low-complexity distributed video coding architecture with adaptive block coding mode classification. A partially reconstructed Wyner-Ziv (WZ) frame with skip and key blocks is downsampled and spatiotemporal error concealment and joint bilateral upsampling are used to generate the side information. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves the quality of side information significantly while keeping low computational complexity.


The expansion of functions defined on the unit sphere in three dimension space in terms of surface harmonics, "Laplace Series", leads to convergence and summability questions that have been the subject of many investigations, see Hobson [1], Erdelyi, et al [2] and Robin [3] for references. More recently the convergence of surface harmonic expansions of functions defined on the unit sphere in a space of arbitrary dimension (R^, q arbitrary) has been investigated. By determining the "size" of the elements of the expansions for special classes of functions, Shapiro [4] and Ragozin [5] have obtained necessary conditions for the uniform convergence of such expansions. Except for the very lowest dimensional cases, pointwise convergence has been ignored; the case q = 2 is simply Fourier Series. Dirichlet [6] gave the first careful discussion for Laplaces Series (q = 3), while Koschmieder [7] obtained results for q = 4. We shall obtain conditions for pointwise convergence for arbitrary q by reducing the question to that of Fourier Series if q is even or to Laplace Series, or rather Legendre Series expansions at an end point, when q is odd. By specializing and reinterpreting the results, we obtain convergence criteria for Gegenbauer expansions s well s some new expansions for functions of several variables. In addition, our methods can be considered elementary. Referring the reader to Erdelyi, et al [2] and M ller [8] for details, we collect here notations and principal results from the theory of surface spherical harmonics that we shall need. Let (x^ . . ., xq) be the coordinates of a point of E.* with norm


The article describes the analysis of urban logistics indices, which include Urban Mobility Index and The index of sustainable urban mobility (I_SUM). The disadvantages of existing indicators for assessing urban mobility are described. The article presents the system of indicators for the evaluation of urban transport system efficiency based on urban traffic forecasting, determination of route failure probability, gravitational model of freight traffic management and model of vehicle distribution between routes.


Rapid declines in the prices of financial securities on low trading volume -- low volume crashes -- are ubiquitous. This paper proposes a dynamic model with informational asymmetries and costly short-selling to explain this phenomenon. Owing to short-selling constraints, no-trade events are bad news. No-trade therefore lowers prices, worsens adverse selection, increases bid-ask spreads and causes liquidity traders to leave the market, making no-trade more likely. This generates endogenous auto-correlation in no-trade events -- dynamic unravelling -- and causes low volume crashes. Short-selling prohibitions harm price discovery and make crashes more likely. Liquidity interventions aid price discovery and avert crashes.


MBF had weaker correlation with FFR (r=0.456, p=0.0024) than CFVR. The opti- mal cut-off value of MBF to detect CFVR < 2.0 was 1.43mL/g/min, and this cut-off value could diagnose CFVR < 2.0 with 84.0% diagnostic accuracy. The optimal cut-off value of MBF to detect FFR ≤ 0.75 was 1.38mL/g/min, and this cut-off value could diagnose FFR ≤ 0.75 with 78.6% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: The MBF using CTP had good diagnostic accuracy to detect myocardial ischemia. In our study, MBF seems to reflect the myocardial ischemia that is nearer to CFVR than FFR. Background: The burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women may still be under-recognized. This might be the result of distinct pathophysiological differ-ences or disease perception by patients and physicians. In this pre-specified sub- analysis of the Better Evaluation of Acute Chest Pain with Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (BEACON) trial, we compare the clinical effectiveness of early coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in women and men. Methods: In the BEACON-trial, we randomized 500 patients suspected of ACS (47% women) at the emergency departments (ED) of 7 hospitals to either a diagnostic strategy supplemented by early CCTA or standard optimal care (SOC) with high-sensitivity troponins (hs-troponins) available in both groups. To assess inter-actions between sex and diagnostic group we used logistic regression analysis for with a good prognosis despite risk of non-calcified plaques Background: A coronary artery calcium (CAC) score of zero does not exclude the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in symptomatic patients due to the existence of non-calcified atherosclerotic plaques. Purpose: We evaluated the prevalence of CAD in patients with a zero CAC score, as well as the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in these patients vs. those with a non-zero CAC score. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients with suspected CAD underwent CAC scoring +/− coronary CT angiography (CCTA) using a 128x2-slice dual source CT scanner as part of routine clinical care in a single centre. CAC score was calculated using the Agatston method. The primary end-point, MACE, was defined as cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and/or non-elective revascularisation. Results: A total 668 of 1279 (52%) symptomatic patients with low-to-intermediate cardiovascular risk (mean age 56±12 years; 48% male) who underwent CAC scoring between November 2009 and July 2015 had a zero CAC score. Of the 619 (93%) patients with a zero CAC in whom CCTA was performed, 552 (89.2%) had normal coronaries, 52 (8.4%) had non-obstructive CAD, 11 (1.8%) had ob- structive CAD ( > 50% stenosis), and 4 (0.6%) had non-diagnostic CCTAs. Over a median follow-up period of 2.8 years (IQR 2.1–4.4 years), the incidence of MACE was 4 (0.6%) in the zero CAC cohort vs. 14 (2.3%) in the non-zero CAC cohort, Background: Parallel to advanced imaging techniques as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) becoming more affordable and accessible, the diagnosis of pathologies previously considered uncommon is in- creasing. Current ESC guidelines for pulmonary hypertension (PH) recommend high-resolution CT in all patients with PH during diagnostic workup (IIa-C). Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAA) are a rare condition and, although its our Future should include or MRI during follow-up of PAH patients to improve the diagnosis of PAA and its potentially lethal


This work, research was conducted with the purpose of making a 'PROJECT FEASIBILITY FOR THE CREATION OF A COMPANY PRODUCER AND DISTRIBUTOR FOR ICE CREAM OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN THE CITY OF CATAMAYO "seeks to offer a quality product with a high nutritional value, at low cost and equally take advantage of business opportunities and business development within the market, which have not yet been explored.
The study is based on a literature review for the compilation of information the survey technique applied to consumers by families in the city of Catamayo, as well as producers of ice cream, respectively, of which information concerning was collected to existing demand.
Among the results of the market study, which was conducted through surveys of both plaintiffs and bidders, it allowed an analysis of supply and demand, therefore it was determined that for the first year there is an effective demand for 77 % of frozen fruits and vegetables and an offer of 20,635.00 in this way is obtained that unmet demand is 658.518,00 frozen fruits and vegetables for the first year.
The technical study where the size of the plant in relation presents installed capacity of the company for the production of frozen fruits and vegetables and capacity utilization is then developed, defined its macro and micro location. The company will be located in the city of Catamayo, in the Canoas neighborhood,
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considered commercial hub, is a strategic and accessible sector to enable citizens to acquire the product.
In the organizational study found that the company will be legally incorporated as a Limited Company, just as organic, functional and positional structure and the proposed manual functions are established, will have a period of a minimum duration of 5 years and will as reason social "World D" Sabores "Cia. Ltda.
The economic and financial study gave learn about the project investment dollars is $ 12,377.61, the same that will be financed 60% by the partner and 40% with credit Fomentos National Bank, with an interest rate of 11% annually. The unit production cost for the first year will be $ 0.23 cents, increasing a profit margin of 20%, resulting in a retail price of $ 0.27, earning sales revenue of $ 79.422,76. dollars for the first year.
The evaluation of the project to establish the suitability of the project and its implementation for which the following indicators such as net (NPV) Present value analyzed the same that is $ 71.529,38 if the project is accepted as greater investment initial; Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 137,57 the project is accepted, Benefit Cost Ratio is 1.29 which means that for every dollar invested in the project, utility generates $ 0.29 in the company; Recovery Period Capital (PRC) is 1 one,y 6 months and, finally sensitivity analysis with increased costs is the 15,00 % shows that the project is not sensitive; sensitivity analysis in revenue decline of 12,00 % is the same as favorable indicate that the implementation of the project.
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Finally, conclusions and recommendations reached at the end of work are presented, accompanied by the bibliography consulted with their respective annexes.


The overall objective of this project is to study the effects of various reclamation practices on above- and belowground ecosystem development associated with disturbed oil shale lands in northwestern Colorado. Plant growth media that are being used in field test plots include retorted shale, soil over retorted shale, subsoil materials, and surface disturbed topsoils. Some of the more significant results are: (1) a soil cover of at least 61 cm in conjunction with a capiallary barrier provided the best combination of treatments for the establishment of vegetation and a functional microbial community, (2) aboveground production values for native and introduced species mixtures are comparable after three growing seasons, (3) cover values for native species mixtures are generally greater than for introduced species, (4) native seed mixtures, in general, allow greater invasion to occur, (5) sewage sludge at relatively low rates appears to provide the most beneficial overall effect on plant growth, (6) cultural practices, such as irrigated and mulching have significant effects on both above- and belowground ecosystem development, (7) topsoil storage after 1.5 years does not appear to significantly affect general microbial activities but does reduce the mycorrhizal infection potential of the soil at shallow depths, (8) populations ofmore » mycorrhizal fungi are decreased on severely disturbed soils if a cover of vegetation is not established, (9) significant biological differences among ecotypes of important shrub species have been identified, (10) a vegetation model is outlined which upon completion will enable the reclamation specialist to predict the plant species combinations best adapted to specific reclamation sites, and (11) synthetic strains of two important grass species are close to development which will provide superior plant materials for reclamation in the West.« less


A non-luminescent 3d-4f heterobimetallic CuEu organic framework (NBU-8) was designedly synthesized with Cu2+ ions as a fluorescence quencher. NBU-8 as a sensor realized selective light recovery with a "turn-on" luminescence response toward N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) even in the presence of other amide molecules.


PELUCI, M. C. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics along a chronological sequence of secondary forests in the Corumbatai river basin. 2017. 90 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 2017. Changes in soil use, such as the removal of forest areas for the implantation of agriculture and livestock, promote changes in soil organic matter content. Due to this imbalance between the inputs and outputs of plant material in the system the MOS dynamics will be changed, affecting the ecosystem as a whole. On the other hand, natural regeneration appears as a possibility for the partial reestablishment of important ecological functions, with emphasis on the role of secondary forests in the reduction of the flow of atmospheric gases, the influence of water quality and quantity, and sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere and storage in the soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of carbon and nitrogen in the soil along the chronological sequence of secondary forests, comparing them with old growth forest and pastures in Rio Claro (SP). Fifteen plots with 900 m 2 each were selected using aerial images (from 1978, 1995, 2000 and 2008), which consisted of a temporal sequence of regenerated secondary forests under pasture (8 to 16 years old (FS12) 21 to 38 years old (FS30) and 38 to 54 years old (FS46)), as well as an old growth forest (seasonal semideciduous forest) with more than 55 years (FF) and pasture in use for more than 50 years (PA50). The soil of the study area is classified as Argissolo. with medium texture. The concentrations and stocks of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and the isotopic values of C (δ 13 C) were analyzed in the litter and in the layers of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm of the soil. The analysis of δ 13 C indicated the presence of the isotopic signal from C3 vegetation already in the first 12 years of regeneration, representing 60% of the C present in the soil (coming from FF and FS12). In the pasture area, the remaining carbon of the native forest (C3) was observed, corresponding to 30% of the total carbon. The principal components analysis defined the groupings according to the study areas, in addition to negatively correlating the carbon and nitrogen stocks and the sand contents. Secondary forests presented carbon and nitrogen stocks in the litter approximate to the old growth forest (1,8 Mg C ha -1 and 0,10 Mg N ha -1 ). C and N stocks in the soil (0-30 cm) were higher in the old growth forest (74,1 Mg C ha -1 and 7,6 Mg N ha -1 ), with an abrupt reduction (40%) in conversion to pasture (41,4 Mg C ha -1 and 4,7 Mg N ha -1 ). In addition, the regeneration areas did not differ from the pasture area for carbon and nitrogen stocks in the soil.


There has been significant research interest over recent years in the use of public digital displays and in particular their capability to offer both interactivity and personalized content. While a number of interaction technologies have been investigated, a promising approach has been the use of the ubiquitous cell phone which not only offers a means to interact with displays, but increasingly offers a small, but high quality screen to complement the larger public display. However, to-date there has been little investigation into the impact on users when interfaces are distributed across this type of dual screen setup. This paper reports on a series of experiments we carried out to determine if there is a significant quantitative or qualitative effect on user performance when interaction is split across large public and smaller private screens.


Development of engineering practices in tunneling has gradually reduced the range of geologic conditions which make construction works impossible. Therefore, for the higher reliability a pre-estimation of geologic conditions has come to be demanded. In each stage of geological surveys, the following items should be included where the surveys are correspondingly stepped up. What subjects are clear and what are not? What subjects must be examined next? What methods are there to examine these? Consequently, data for execution schedule of the construction and criteria on results of geological surveys are summarized.


In view of the rich experiences and new advances in TCM treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, it is very promising to find a further breakthough in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Treating the disease by means of differentiation of symptoms and signs is a distinctive feature of TCM, however the difficult and also the major point would be the research of mechanism of its symptomatology. The following is a summary of the advances in the study of symptomatology, especially its epidemiology, the role of immune system and blood rheology made since 1987 when the ARA criteria1 was published.……


Polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites were developed by the incorporation of a novel nano-sized precipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) nanoparticles and polyethylene—octene elastomer (POE). The NPCC filler loading selected were 10 and 15wt.% while the POE contents were varied between 0 and 30wt.%. A slight decrease in the tensile strength of the PP nanocomposites was observed with increasing NPCC content. Results of impact strength indicated that the NPCC filler imparted some toughening effects on the PP and PP/POE blends. Maximum impact strength enhancement was achieved for the PP when blended with 30wt.% POE and filled with 15wt.% NPCC. However, the essential property balance between toughness and stiffness was still lacking in the nanocomposites developed. Differential Scanning Calorimeter results showed that NPCC acted as a nucleating agent for PP, increasing the crystallization temperature of PP by approximately 9°C.


United network of energetic is covered Mongolian 12 aimaks's territories of 21 administrative aimags and transmits the electrical energy to consumers with 220/110/35 kV 60 substations and through 220/110 kV about 5000 kilometer long power line. Inevitable demand to broadly put informational technology into this network that about 60% of all population is emerging because the world countries are becoming more dependent from each other economically and politically, the world is globalizing and also the powerful informational system to express their mutual coherence is coming into existence.


Abstract We conducted two feeding trials in which golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas were given six practical diets: Two basal diets with 5% fish meal and either 4% or 10% supplemental lipid (poultry fat [PF]); two prebiotic diets with 2% dairy–yeast prebiotic, 5% fish meal, and 4% or 10% PF; and two 4% or 10% PF diets that contained no fish meal or prebiotic. To compare diet effects in the presence or absence of natural foods, one trial was conducted in indoor aquaria and one was conducted in outdoor pools. Diet effects were assessed by measuring growth, survival, feed efficiency, and body composition in both trials and Fulton's condition factor K in the outdoor pool trial. A subset of fish from the outdoor trial was grown to a larger size for analysis of alternative complement activity (ACH50). The prebiotic enhanced growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) slightly in the indoor aquarium trial. Weight gain and FCR did not differ among diet groups in the outdoor trial, reflecting the influence of natu...


he opened his eyes to slits. Light was heaviest over his chest. Like a strap. But he wasn't strapped down. No, it was only light. The doctor said all he had to do was come out and walk a few yards down the corridor to the phone. That was all. It would be good for him. It was a friend the doctor said. He shook his head no. He didn't want to come out, or couldn't. He heard the shadow sigh, then feet down the tile. Like hands clapping. His body was very quiet. It didn't make a sound. He looked down at his toes and tried wiggling them. They wiggled. They wiggled fine. And his hands worked too. He lay opening and closing his eyes to the harsh light. He lay wiggling his toes and working his fingers on the sheets. Except for the slight spin behind his eyes, everything seemed in order. He wasn't even remembering anything. Only bits here and there, but nothing that amounted to anything; he was almost enjoying himself, his toes and fingers, his eyes. It was a joyful suspension; a kind he had known as a boy when floating face down in the lake for long moments without coming up for air. He recalled the green mist, the slow easy current of the lake's soft bottom; how he would float dreaming that he was in flight, high above any earthly disturbances. Floating between the sky and the earth, there were no possibilities of rejection. He was perfect then. Though now it seemed he floated at the bottom of the lake, looking up. "Glass or razor, fella?" The voice was a harsh whisper. Its shadow leaned across his chest like a smudge. He said, Huh? "I asked ya glass or razor. Most use razors nowdays. We used to use broken mirrors. Times change." For a moment it seemed something inside him spoke. But there was the shadow, swaying. He said, "Who are you?" "Pop, just Pop. Been places like this off and on all my life almost. This yur first time, fella?"


The electric distribution systems are generally modelled in an inaccurate way since the exact model of their components is not practically available. The model inaccuracy creates errors in the calculations and can mislead the analyses into the wrong directions. In this regard, this paper studies impact of the model inaccuracy on the voltage control problem of the Medium Voltage (MV) distribution systems. Firstly, a Voltage Control Algorithm (VCA) is proposed which is subject to the inaccuracies associated with the load and line models. Then, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation are used to create a wide range of scenarios that covers the possible values that parameters of the model under study can take. These scenarios represent the uncertain nature of the model under study. Finally, the load flow calculations are performed considering the set-point obtained by the VCA and for each of the scenarios created by the MC tool. By evaluating all scenarios, impact of the model inaccuracy on the voltage control problem is obtained. If the system voltages are found to be within the permitted voltage range, it is concluded that the inaccuracy in the studied model will not create a voltage violation problem for the VCA.


This work studies the output characteristics of analog current mirror using graded-channel in comparison to conventional Silicon-On-Insulator MOSFETs in high temperature operation. The output characteristics are discussed, based on simulation and experimental results. The Mirroring Precision, Output Swing and Output Resistance are extremely improved at high temperature thanks to the reduced output conductance in graded-channel transistors.


The health theme is present in the school environment in Brazil since the early 20th century. Currently, health education (EeS) is the most indicated approach to work with this topic, concerning itself with meaningful learning, which encourages voluntary actions from the students. However, it is still very recent in the school's routine, in which we can find views aligned with the passing on of knowledge and behavioral standardizing, such as education for health (EpS). In order to understand how health must be treated in the near future of Brazilian education, we have analyzed the BNCC (Brazil's National Curriculum Basis), a document which standardizes basic education's curriculum in the country. The analysis was done taking into consideration the points of view of EeS and EpS. For that, the analysis of three versions of the BNCC was made, and passages which refer to EeS and EpS have been found. Health is addressed in the areas of Natural Science, Languages, and Human Sciences. The last two areas are the ones with closest contexts to EeS, in which the term "health" is not explicit, being thus
connected to well-being and human rights. In the Natural Science area, however, the two approaches are intertwined. This shows that there is not a singular tendency in the document, most likely because this is a new concept.


Introduction The overarching goal of community ecology is to address broad problems, from predicting the effects of species' invasion and loss to understanding the processes affecting the diversity, resilience and robustness of ecological systems. Ecological theory addresses these questions through the development ofmodels that examine how species interact within foodwebs, and how those interactions give rise to the community-level properties we observe in natural systems, such as the relationship between complexity and stability, and the distribution of links across the foodweb.We argue here that current theory in community ecology is limited in its ability to address these fundamental questions, because it has largely ignored the role of species to modify their traits in response to their environment. This oversight is especially evident from the paucity of theory that considers how the broad problems outlined above are affected by the ubiquitous ability of prey to modify their traits to balance the trade-off between foraging gain and predation risk (Lima and Dill 1990; Lima 1998; Werner and Peacor 2003). The traditional approach to community ecology is focused largely on linked pairwise interactions between populations, whether through competition, exploitation, or mutualism (May 1973; Pimm 1982; Bender et al. 1984; Yodzis 1988; Schoener 1993). These pairwise interactions are treated as building blocks upon which our understanding of larger ecological communities can be built, with the implicit assumption that pairwise interactions are independent of the ecological context in which they are embedded (Wootton 1994; Abrams 1995; Werner and Peacor 2003). A critical evaluation of this assumption began to emerge in the late 1960s. Vandermeer (1969) introduced the notion of 'higher-order interactions' (HOIs) wherein the


1. Introduction.- 1.1 Uncertainty and Risk Aversion.- 1.2 Methods and Organization.- 2. The Monotonicity of Transition Probabilities.- 2.1 Sufficient Statistics.- 2.1.1 Sufficient Statistics for One-parameter Exponential Families.- 2.2 Posterior Distributions and Transition Probabilities.- 2.2.1 Definitions and Basic Properties.- 2.2.2 Monotone Transition Probabilities.- 2.2.3 Conjugate Prior Distributions.- 3. Dynamic Portfolio Models under Uncertainty.- 3.1 Classic Dynamic Portfolio Models.- 3.1.1 Risk Preferences.- 3.1.2 Classic Dynamic Portfolio Models under Risk.- 18.104.22.168 Assumptions.- 22.214.171.124 The Optimal Investment Policy and its Properties.- 126.96.36.199 Extended Versions of the Basic Model.- 3.1.3 Classic Dynamic Portfolio Models under Uncertainty.- 3.2 Binary Dynamic Portfolio Models under Uncertainty.- 3.2.1 The Return Distribution of the Risky Asset.- 3.2.2 The Stochastic Dynamic Program.- 18.104.22.168 Assumptions.- 18.104.22.168 Fundamental Properties.- 3.2.3 Properties of the Optimal Investment Policy.- 220.127.116.11 The Stopping Rule.- 188.8.131.52 The Monotonicity Property.- 22.214.171.124 The Stay-on-a-Winner-Property.- 3.2.4 Remarks on the Implementation of the Model.- 3.2.5 Sensitivity Analyses.- 18.104.22.168 An Algorithm for the Two-Point Return Distribution.- 126.96.36.199 Variation of the Utility Function.- 188.8.131.52 Variation of the Prior Distribution.- 126.96.36.199 Variation of the Planning Horizon.- 3.2.6 Conclusions.- 4. The Optimal Timing of Investment.- 4.1 Investment Decisions and the Economic Life of Projects.- 4.2 A Deterministic Model in Continuous Time.- 4.2.1 Net Cash Flows Independent of Project Age.- 4.2.2 Optimal Timing of Investment and Interest Rate.- 4.3 Investment Models under Conditions of Risk.- 4.3.1 Assumptions and the Optimal Investment Policy.- 4.3.2 A Survey of Already Known Models.- 4.3.3 Sensitivity Analyses and an Algorithm.- 4.4 Investment Models under Conditions of Uncertainty.- 4.4.1 The Influence of Uncertainty: An Example.- 4.4.2 The Explicit Formulation of Uncertainty.- 4.4.3 The Description as Binary Stopping Decision Model.- 4.4.4 Properties of the Optimal Investment Policy.- 4.4.5 The Comparison with Known Models.- 4.4.6 Sensitivity Analyses.- 188.8.131.52 Variation of the Capital Cost.- 188.8.131.52 Variation of the Riskless Interest Rate.- 220.127.116.11 Variation of the Planning Horizon.- 18.104.22.168 Variation of the Prior Distributions.- 126.96.36.199 The Certainty Equivalence Policy.- 4.4.7 The Optimal Exercise Date of an American Call Option.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- References.


Dinas Perumahan Rakyat dan Kawasan Permukiman (Pera KP) is an element of the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) of the regional government of Palembang City which operates in 4 (four) heads of fields, namely, the fields of Utilities, Environmental Sanitation, Housing and Environmental Roads. In 2018, there are several activities or programs that have not been realized but will be realized in 2019. This research identifies activities or programs in 2019 using the Efficiency and Effectiveness method. Based on the results obtained, the Pera KP Office is included in the Efficiency category. While the results of the questionnaire distributed using the Community Satisfaction Index, the effectiveness level was in the good category with a number of 68.5


The utility model relates to a handheld type drop hammer deflectometer which is provided with a base, wherein a bearing plate with a plane bottom surface is fixed under the base; a displacement sensor which is connected with the base is arranged on the base; a pressure sensor is arranged on the displacement sensor; a rubber cushion block is arranged on the pressure sensor; a sliding rod passes through the rubber cushion block, the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor to be connected with the base; a drop hammer is stringed on the sliding rod above the rubber cushion block; a locking rod is arranged at the upper end of the sliding rod and is used for fixing and releasing the drop hammer; the handheld type drop hammer deflectometer is also provided with a data acquiring and transmitting device and a computer; signals obtained by the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor are output to the data acquiring and transmitting device; the data acquiring and transmitting device outputs the received signals to the computer; and a power source is arranged in the base and is used for the computer.


Translation among multiple representations is one of the important abilities to be possessed by prospective mathematics teachers. The mathematics learning curriculum ranging from elementary to college level needs to emphasize the ability to translate mathematical ideas in a form of representation to different mathematical representation structures. Assessing of this ability is important because it can be used as a basis for developing other mathematical literacy skills. The purpose of this study is to describe the level of translation between mathematical representations of prospective mathematics teachers. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to fourty prospective mathematics teachers in State Islamic University of Mataram. The selection of research subjects was carried out in a purposive sampling. Data were obtained from mathematical translational thinking task in the form of an assignment sheet consisting of 2 questions related to quadratic equations and task-based interviews. Data were analyzed using fixed comparison analysis, which is comparing incidents (phenomena) with the aim of classifying data. The study found five levels of translational ability between mathematical representations, which were named: level 0, level 1, level 2, level 3 and level 4. The characteristics of each level are built based on four mathematical translational thinking processes: unpacking the source of representations, coordinating initial stage, design the target representation and determine the equivalence between the source and target representations. The findings in this study could be used as a guide to develop an instrument to assess mathematical translation ability.


The hardware and software background of PC\|based control was introduced in this paper. The property and classification of PC\|based control was also discussed in details. The author analyzed the influence of new technology and theory of the industrial to the manufacturing factory. In the end of the paper, a concrete application of PC\|based control to a water\|jet cutter was given.


Genetic diversity of an artificial forest of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia. Lanceolata) and its change produced by intermediate cutting and natural regeneration were investigated by the assay of vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the artificial forest of C. lanceolata had high genetic diversity, the area of which was only 0.35ha and it contained only 230 trees. The observed heterozygosity was 0.357 and the expected one was 0.300. The present forest produced by intermediate cutting has retained almost all genetic diversity from its original forest. The seedlings by natural regeneration contained about 91% genetic diversity from the original one.


This chapter discusses the definition of institutions and then of ideology. Ideology is a set of widely understood more or less cohesive and stable ideas about how a set of issues should be resolved and who should resolve them. It is a vehicle not just for spreading values but also for transmitting information. This information is especially valuable in contexts where actors care deeply about the future intentions of others, including international institutional politics. The chapter then assesses how this definition differs from other treatments in the international relations literature, how ideology constrains policy positions, and what global ideological debates are about. It also outlines an approach to estimate the ideological positions of states from votes in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). It evaluates the validity of this measure. For example, changes in UNGA ideal points correlate strongly with various indicators of liberalism: such as changes in government ideology, regime type, and capital openness.


Due to a single annual food production season in southern Africa, small-scale maize and sorghum farmers store grain until the next harvest. The farmers' postharvest knowledge, perceptions and practices (KPP) is important in reducing postharvest losses (PHLs); a key component of household food and nutritional security. Using random sampling, 310 farmers from two districts of Zimbabwe with contrasting agroecologies and agricultural systems (maize and sorghum) were interviewed to assess their KPP on post-production aspects. Maize and sorghum grain were stored in new and recycled polypropylene bags (93.5% and 42.6%) placed in ordinary rooms (44.5% and 27.1%), brick store houses (28.4% and 54.2%) and traditional huts (23.2% and 16.1), respectively. Farmers recognised field infestation as important source of insect infestation in sorghum (60%) but not in maize (21.3%). Synthetic commercial grain protectants were used more on maize (90.2%) than on sorghum grain (63.2%). Majority of farmers (> 75%) perceived these insecticides as both effective and safe to use. Farmers' household reserved grain ran out before the next harvest and was supplemented through buying grain or mealie-meal with cash, or exchanging grain with labour or livestock. Postharvest information and training were scarce in both systems. The study provides important information to extensionists, policy makers, development agents and researchers for reviewing and benchmarking extension services and farmer training requirements to effectively accelerate progress towards PHL reduction and contribute to household and national food and nutritional security.


Introduction The Subject and Politics Re-Imagining the Feminist Subject Accounting for Specificity and Difference Essentialism - A Risk Worth Taking? Power and Domination Agenda and Resistance The Politics of Critique Politics and Parody Radical Democracy and Inessential Coalitions Conclusion Interrogating The Political


A limiting factor in the drive to deliver performance-based design is the lack of knowledge regarding the constitutive behaviour of soil-structure interfaces, particularly in the case of cyclic loading. A series of experiments were undertaken using both a traditional interface shear apparatus (shearing a large body of soil grains over a structural interface) and a novel single-particle interface shear apparatus (involving shearing a single grain over a structural interface). In both cases the soil was sheared across the interface in a cyclical manner (more than 1500 cycles per test). For the traditional apparatus, a clear change in soil particle size distribution and abrasive wear of the structural interface occurs after many cycles. This change results in a significant increase of the interface friction ratio, which is the main parameter used in traditional design — increasing from approximately 0.2 (11°) to 0.7 (35°). The single-particle apparatus validated the results - also observing a significant increase in the friction ratio after many cycles. The novel interface behaviour presented in this paper may benefit improved interface constitutive models and consequently more economic and safer geotechnical designs.


1,2,3-Diheterocyclizations at the allenylidene ligand in the complex [(triphos)(CO)2Re{CCCPh2}]OTf (1; triphos = MeC(CH2PPh2)3, OTf = OSO2CF3) readily occur upon reacting 1 with N,N-heterocycles such as 1H-benzotriazole, 2-aminopyridine, and 2-aminothiazole. The reaction of 1 with 1H-benzotriazole leads to (4). Deprotonation of 4 with sodium methoxide in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature yields the alkynyl derivative (5) via ring opening of the triazaindenyl moiety in 4. Reaction of 1 with 2-aminopyridine or 2-aminothiazole in CH2Cl2 leads to the heterobicyclic compounds (6) and (8), respectively. Both complexes undergo regioselective deprotonation at the N−H heterocycle group by treatment with sodium methoxide in THF, giving the neutral species (7) and (9), respectively. The X-ray structures of the new organorhenium species 4 and 7−9 have been determined, which have confirmed that the addition of the NH bond of the N,N-heterocycle occurs always across the Cβ−Cγ double bond of the allenylidene chain.


The development of titanium bonding bases allows for the use of implant-supported monolithic reconstructions in a digital workflow. Different base configurations are available according to each clinical indication. In this case report, the selection of titanium bonding bases for crowns was considered for a multiple-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP).


Discovery of new efficient nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with large second-order nonlinearity for short-wave UV spectral region (λ PM ≤ 266 nm, PM = phase-matching) is still very challenging. Herein, by applying tetrahedra substitution strategy based on Sr 2 Be 2 B 2 O 7 (SBBO), a new beryllium-free borate CaZn 2 (BO 3 ) 2 with double-layered configuration was rationally designed, which not only preserves the structural merits but also eliminates the limitations of SBBO crystal. CaZn 2 (BO 3 ) 2 shows a large PM second harmonic generation (SHG) reponse of 3.8×KDP, which is 38 times higher than its barium analogue. This enhancement originates from the 1 [Zn 2 O 6 ] ∞ polar chains with large net dipole moment and [BO 3 ] units with high NLO active density. Our findings show the great significance of [ZnO 4 ] tetrahedra introduced strategy to design beryllium-free SBBO-type NLO crystals and also verify the feasibility of using simple non-isomorphic substitution to induce giant second-order nonlinearity enhancement.


We have developed a novel magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) algorithm -current density reconstruction MREIT algorithm - for noninvasive imaging of electrical impedance distribution of a biological system. The newly proposed algorithm uses the inverse of Biot-Savart law to reconstruct the current density distribution from one component of magnetic flux density, and then uses a modified J-substitution algorithm to reconstruct the conductivity images. Computer simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed MREIT algorithm for breast cancer imaging. The simulation results are highly promising and suggest the proposed approach may become a useful method for noninvasive impedance imaging.


This work deals with computer support for project management development and management information systems. The aim of this work is to show the potential uses of the Microsoft Project 2007 for the management and administration of information systems.


In numerous sociological debates integration is considered as a normative model for a "good society". On the contrary, deintegration is interpreted as a pathological "deficiency", which leads to deviations from the normal state of successful integration. But the scientific use of the two terms is far from being satisfactory. This article asks if these two concepts have still the capacity to bring forward the analysis of contemporary society in general and of its problems in particular. At first, the fundamental assumptions of the conventional theory of integration and deintegration are identified in order, in a second step, to discuss their plausibility when applied to three selected problem fields. Finally, the considerations about the workability of the integration paradigma for a sociological analysis of contemporary society is critically verified on the background of the questions of the social transformations of work society and the development of precarious work.


The aim of this study is to show the importance of building up effective motivation systems in organisations by clearly defining the substantive organisational and individual needs and by implementing high-level harmonisation between them. At the beginning of the 21st century, the most important features of the global market environment are the complexity, the instability, and the uncertainty. In such a business environment, the quick understanding of the changes and the ability of giving rapid and professional strategic answers to them become a key element in forming the efficiency of any business organisations. Such a company flexibility must be based on conscious human resource management activity founded on the attentive application of knowledge management tools so that it can effectively exploit the opportunities offered by the high-level cognition of emotional intelligence. One of the key elements of such a competent HR management work is to build up a company motivation system that serves the goals of both the company and the employees perfectly. This paper introduces the results of an extensive questionnaire survey aiming to collect reliable and comprehensive information about real intrinsic motivations of people so that a higher level of harmonisation between companies and their employees' needs can be implemented by building up better organisational motivation systems.


This paper presents a novel measurement system for the on-machine estimation of the profiles of a linear slide in the presence of three motion errors, i.e. straightness, yawing and rolling. The system consists of eight displacement sensors, a mounting stage and a data acquisition system. The Fourier Eight Sensor (F8S) method is employed for the error separation with software programs written in MATLAB codes. A prototype is designed, built and fitted to an axis of the precision slide. Experiments are performed to test the repeatability of the profile results under three different slide speeds. Results confirm that the proposed measurement system is capable of determining the profiles with good repeatability in the presence of straightness, yaw and roll errors of the slide.


Abstract The effect of an external electric field on the total fluorescence of solute molecules is studied up to fourth order theoretically, and is checked experimentally with 4´-N,N-dimethylamino- 4-nitrostilbene in dioxane at room temperature.


The effects of video games on youths have been subject to debate. Some researchers have linked video games to behavioral and emotional problems, while others have found no adverse effects. The behavioral and emotional problems experienced by some gamers may be linked to certain types of video games. We hypothesized that Mexican American youths with lower socioeconomic status and who play "aggressive" video games have more emotional and behavioral problems than those who do not play such games. We examined a total of 579 youths using the Child Behavior Checklist and analyzing the games played within the last 6 months. Youths who played aggressive video games had higher scores and more emotional and behavioral problems compared with those who did not play aggressive video games.


This slide is about presenting the speech-writing text for students of PAI in perkuliahan Bahasa Inggris 2 or English Language Class. This material is presented to meet the compulsory material required in the class. As this subject aims to make the students understand and identify the basic communication purpose of speech writing text as on of the compulsory genre-based text taught in this semester.


Piston ring is one of the most important parts of the internal combustion engines. This paper investigates the mechanical and twist fatigue characteristics on different piston ring materials. The piston ring materials were chosen in this study such as grey cast irons (3740 and 6140), malleable cast iron (3929), spheroidal graphite cast iron (6139) and martensitic carbidic grey cast iron (6454). Twist fatigue test was conducted on different materials of piston rings in order to identify the suitable piston ring for the effective operation. Geometrical features and the mechanical properties were also assessed in different materials for the effectiveness of piston rings.


The evaluation of flood disasters is of important guiding significance to the classified management of flood disasters.In order to enhance the accuracy of assessment,a comprehensive method for evaluation of flood disasters,which took the disaster area,the affected population,the destruction area of housing and the economic loss as evaluation factors,was established based on Set Pair Analysis(SPA) theory.This method was construeted by using sample values compared with the value of standard grade.Set pair analysis is a system and mathematical analysis on the certainty and uncertainty and the interaction between them of two sets of integrating in certain problem background.By sing this model,the situation of evaluation of flood disasters can be aceurately identified.The evaluation results were compared with grey relation method,grey clustering method,grey fuzzy synthesis,PCNN network model.This method was verified clearly through the practical example,and the rationality and validity were demonstrated.


. Tabuk region is one of the largest regions in Saudi Arabia in terms of area. The most important challenges that can face agriculture in the region are weeds and environmental damage resulting from human activities. This study was prepared to know the relationship between the physical and chemical components of soil and the spread of weeds in the farms of the region. So field trips were conducted to the study area, then the area was divided into 4 sites, each site was divided into three parts, then divided into ten squares with an area of 1 m 2 . The plant species were identified and named according to the flora books of Saudi Arabia. A total of 65 samples with an amount of 1 kg of soil were collected to a depth of one foot from more than one location. The correlation between the distribution of study sites on the coordination axes (CCA), and the first axis (AX1) was positive with the phosphorous element (r = 0.58). The second axis showed a positive correlation with chlorine (r = 0.46) and calcium (r = 0.42), and a negative correlation with each of the soil organic matter (r = -0.62), soil pH (r = -0.65). The third axis also showed a negative correlation with HCO 3 bicarbonate (r = -0.69) and EC (r = 0.42). The distribution of plants and their relationship to soil factors showed that there are ten plant species whose presence is associated with phosphorous. Multi-dimensional analysis trends for locations and plant species in the study area in Tabuk region using the TWA program TWINSPAN, Coordination (DCA: DECORANA) led to the division into four plant communities and their distribution was related to soil properties.


SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTDiversity within a population, and dissimilarity between populations, are important topics in statistical theory and application. The Gini-Simpson (GS) index, Shannon Entropy (SE), and the species count (SC) are the most commonly used measures of diversity of a multinomial population. This paper deals with the problem of selecting, from m ≥ 2 multinominal populations, a population which is most diverse according to the GS and SE measures of diversity.


Objective To explore the changes of D-dimer levels in breast benign lesions and breast cancer females and its clinical significance.Methods 164 cases of hospitalized patients in Department of Breast Surgery were selected,of which there were 88 cases of breast benign lesions patients and 76 cases of breast cancer(35cases without lymph node metastasis,41 cases with lymph node metastasis).Plasma D-dimer level detection was performed on Sysmex CA7000 automatic blood coagulation analyzer.Results The D-dimer levels of breast cancer patients and patients with breast benign lesions were 0.28(0.18-0.45)and 0.26(0.17-0.42)mg/L respectively,and there was no significant difference(P0.05).The D-dimer levels of breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis and without lymph node metastasis were 0.29(0.22-0.40)and 0.24(0.15-0.50)mg/L respectively,and there was no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion D-dimer level correlates with neither breast cancer nor lymph node metastasis.


More and more new light rail systems in the United States are operating for substantial distances on city streets where more contact with pedestrians and rubber-tired motor vehicles is inevitable, giving increase to the likelihood of serious accidents. Despite other system changes designed to make the overall system safer such as better barriers, crossing gates, signals, and signage, changes to the basic light rail vehicle designs have been notably absent, even though this is both desirable and technically possible at a reasonable cost provided these requirements are established at the design stage. In addition, ensuring the safety of passengers and operators in and around the vehicle in today's higher-security environment also requires consideration and further modifications to the basic vehicle design. With careful design work, great improvements can be made in light rail vehicle design.


This annotated edition targets undergraduates whose desire for sophisticated literary analysis combines with limited Greek. The authors imagine third or fourth semester students. Thus they include review of irregular forms and syntactical structures such as conditionals; a basic vocabulary list (highlighting multiply used words) appears at the end. Students may consult an online translation by Luschnig, and there is a useful bibliography. Classical undergraduates certainly need the text's reminders to think of staging. Following line-by-line notes, lengthy discussions appear, to be read after students have formed their own opinion. These sometimes juxtapose contrasting interpretations of the two editors, as indicated by initials. Other sections of explication or interpretation do not bear attribution, and so I found myself wondering whether these passages re·ected consensus. At the outset, the authors direct readers to keep in mind two criteria: 'Does it μt the text?' and 'Does it make sense on the stage?' While these are important, experience teaches that students also need historical context in order to evaluate what they are seeing. I miss reference to Csapo and Slater's survey, which situates beginners in the world of Greek tragedy. True, we moderns constitute an 'audience', and our instinctive response matters, but an unmediated and (as is common with undergraduates, strong) personal reaction should mark the beginning of a learning curve. The authors justly observe (p. 164) that there is no one 'answer' to the play, but surely some interpretative approaches lead to better readings than others. So what kind of interpretative readings feature here? For example, if one wishes to address the question of why Alcestis chose to die, the notes ad loc. (p. 98) mention her 'love' for her husband and concern for the children. They also mention concern for the house, but without making clear that this is a case where cultural context must shape our reading. As A. Michelini (Euripides and the Tragic Tradition [Madison, 1987], p. 327) observes, there are two relevant Greek words for love (eros and philia), and confusion between them has led scholars to misread Alcestis' sense of her marital rôle. Michelini further observes


In contrast to scattering experiments, neutron imaging usually employs the full spectrum of a cold or thermal beam. Without monochromatization, a much higher total flux is available than for scattering experiments. This disposes of the need for counting detectors, so integrating detectors can be employed in order to achieve very high neutron statistics to form an image. Without complex electronics for detecting single events, the resolution is in theory only limited by the converter material and the average range of the reaction products of the detection reaction, usually to about a tenth of a millimeter. Similar to common X-ray transmission inspection, suited film converter arrangements have been in use exclusively since the mid-1980s.


Triple differential cross sections (TDCS) for ionization of metastable 3P-state Hydrogen atoms by electrons have been calculated for various kinematic conditions in the asymmetric coplanar geometry using a multiple scattering theory of Das and Seal. The results are compared with the first Born results and existing hydrogenic ground state experimental data and those of other theoretical results. The present results show a good qualitative agreement with the compared results. Yet there is no available theoretical and experimental study for ionization of metastable 3P-state hydrogen atoms by electrons. These offers wider scope for the study of ionization problems of hydrogen atoms in their metastable states.


We report a systematic study of the electronic transport properties of the metallic perovskite oxide LaNiO3-delta as a function of the oxygen stoichiometry delta (delta less than or equal to 0.14). The electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance, susceptibility, Hall effect and thermopower have been studied, All of the transport coefficients are dependent on the value of delta. The resistivity increases almost exponentially as delta increases. We relate this increase in rho to the creation of Ni2+ with square-planar coordination. We find that there is a distinct T-1.5-contribution to the resistivity over the whole temperature range. The thermopower is negative, as expected for systems with electrons as the carrier, but the Hall coefficient is positive. We have given a qualitative and quantitative explanation for the different quantities observed and their systematic variation with the stoichiometry delta.


In this study, satellite image obtained from Spot-5 (2.5 m) sensor was rectified by means of PPP-GPS (Precise Point Positioning using Global Positioning System) and DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System). Rectification of Spot image was carried out using 8 GCPs (Ground Control Points) covering an area of 9.15 km. The coordinates for GCPs were obtained using two techniques; PPP and DGPS. The accuracy of the image rectification using both techniques was evaluated using 3 GCPs as check points. A satellite image obtained from Geoeye (0.50 m) sensor covering the same area was rectified by using (PPP-GPS) 8 GCPs and its accuracy assessed using 3 check points.


Introduction Patient involvement (PI) has become a key priority to the Spanish Network of Agencies for Assessing National Health System Technologies and Performance (RedETS). As part of the national strategy to promote PI, an interest group was created in 2017 to share knowledge, develop methodologies and standardize PI processes. The aim of this work is to analyze the main activities of the Patient Interest Group 5 years after its launch and to reflect on possible needs and challenges. Methods Narrative description and an in-depth analysis of the main activities of the Interest Group from 2017 to the present. Results The group is composed of HTA researchers from the 8 regional agencies in Spain and is supported by the Ministry of Health and the RedETS council. It currently has the participation of 26 researchers, organized into different working subgroups. The initial lines of work were the analysis of the situation, the development of procedures, and the initiation of training materials for patients on HTA. At present, the main projects are the development of metrics for evaluating the impact of patient participation, the development of procedural materials to promote methodological process standardizaton (e.g., a flowchart with the main process steps, checklists, templates), and the design and piloting of virtual training for patients in HTA. New lines include the analysis of the ethical challenges of PI and the feasibility of setting up an HTA patient registration system and a patient forum to facilitate participation. In addition, the interest group has promoted the exchange of relevant information for PI and the organization of capacity building activities. Conclusions The RedETS Patient Interest Group is encouraging the development of activities, reflection on collective experiences, and tools that facilitate PI in Spain. Among the main challenges are the need to ensure the quality and applicability of PI and to analyze the views of patients who have actively participated in HTAs.


Objectives  Cleaning verification is a scientific and economic problem for the pharmaceutical industry. A large amount of potential manufacturing time is lost to the process of cleaning verification. This involves the analysis of residues on spoiled manufacturing equipment, with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) being the predominantly employed analytical technique. The aim of this study was to develop a portable cleaning verification system for nelarabine using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).


In this study,taking the plantation in the Moyu county in Xinjiang as an example,based on the economic theories and the ecosystem law,an index system with four criterion and 12 index layers has been established through the analytic hierarchy process( AHP). The index system was suitable for ecosystem services of plantation forests in desert regions and comprehensive evaluations were conducted through the system on ecosystem services of plantation forests in the region. The results indicated that the descending order of the plantation forests ecosystem service functions were as Populus bolleana Tamarix chinensis Elaeagnus angustifolia Elaeagnus angustifolia +Tamarix chinensis Elaeagnus angustifolia + Populus bolleana + Mulberry Elaeagnus angustifolia + Populus bolleana,which provided scientific basis for choosing planting patterns of plantation in the region. It is favorable for setting up compensation mechanism in ecological fragile regions and guidelines for protecting desert ecosystem.


Experiments were done in which the oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions could be changed in a medium containing nematodes in order to examine the hypothesis that air swallowing in saprozoic nematodes might have a respiratory function. In these experiments, alternating high and low oxygen and low and high carbon dioxide tensions were produced in a liquid medium containing nematodes by perfusing the medium with pure oxygen gas on the one hand and with pure nitrogen gas or a gas mixture (80 % N2 + 15 % CO2 + 5 % O2) on the other. When applying oxygen and nitrogen alternately, a slight but significant increase in air swallowing occurred with nitrogen treatments compared with oxygen (table I). If the gas mixture was used instead of nitrogen thereby producing a low oxygen tension combined with an elevated CO2-tension, the increase in the frequency of air swallowing was much more pronounced (Table II). In control experiments in which nitrogen or the gas mixture were used continually, no regular changes in frequencies of air swallowing were observed (Table III). The results presented are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that air swallowing has a respiratory role in Mesodiplogaster lheritieri.


Spatially ordered equilibrium states – crystals – and their excitations – phonons – are the mainstay of condensed matter physics. Flowing, nonequilibrium crystalline states of microparticles and droplets are desirable for microfluidic logic, assembly, and control, and have been achieved in recent work via exploitation of viscous hydrodynamic interactions in geometric confinement. For the most part, these studies considered large ensembles of particles and, accordingly, large scale collective modes arising from small displacements of individual particles. Via theoretical modeling and computational simulations, we show that for small clusters of flowing particles tightly confined in a shallow, "quasi-two-dimensional" microchannel, new types of ordered behavior emerge, varying from steady states in which particles maintain their relative positions, to exquisitely coordinated collective motion with large particle displacements. These new collective behaviors require a thin channel geometry: strong confinement in one spatial direction and weak confinement in another. We elucidate principles and techniques for the a priori construction or rapid numerical discovery of these states, which could be exploited for the orchestration of particle motion in lab-on-a-chip devices and other applications.


Transplanted tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Springset') kept weed free for 36 days after transplanting, or weeded from the 24th day after transplanting, gave yields equal to those that had been kept weed free throughout the growing season. Conversely, when weeds were allowed to remain in the crop for more than 24 days after transplanting, yields were progressively reduced. Therefore, the 'critical period' of weed interference in tomatoes was between 24 and 36 days after transplanting. The yield of tomatoes was reduced significantly when only 5% of the weeds were allowed to remain in the plots longer than 21 days after transplanting. Weed interference appeared to have little, if any, effect on tomato juice quality as measured by color, consistency, and flavor.


The present invention discloses a venturi device and a system incorporating the venturi apparatus. The venturi device having a body defining a passageway having a drive section and the discharge section. The driving section and the discharge section spaced from each other a distance defining a venturi gap and both of said venturi gap toward convergence. Further, the body further defining a first suction port and the second suction port, the first suction port and the second suction port is substantially opposite to each other, respectively, the venturi communicating with the interstitial fluid. The venturi gap width near the first suction port and the second suction port is substantially greater than at both the center point between the first suction port and the second suction port width. In the system, the venturi device makes a drive section to drive the fluid flow pressure source and the first and second suction ports in communication with one or both of the need and a fluid vacuum.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a model for business to business salesperson performance (SP) with a service ecosystems perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the research aims, classical grounded theory was used. The data was gathered through in-depth interviews with 20 sales managers and main sales actors.

Findings
After coding and analyzing the data, salesperson institutional performance is introduced as a core category including three main dimensions of regulative, normative and cognitive-cultural performance. Multi-level factors determining SP are identified and performance results are introduced in a multi-level long term way. The sales actors, macro variables, actors' orientations and sales method are introduced as circumstances, while salesperson stressors are presented as covariants deterring the fulfillment of salesperson's activities.

Originality/value
This study focuses on the contributions of the salesperson in the alignment of institutional arrangements or the results of their being institutionalized, as well as determining the factors and variables affecting it.


The path followed by this thesis covers succinctly the majority of the concepts and components of the performance management in the institutions of physical education and sports – brought to light by the greatest specialists in this field – from a new perspective of the modern organization management and knowledge based on society. Our research is based on an exploratory-descriptive investigation which serves our goal the most and allows the gathering of information from significant groups from the point of view of their contribution to identifying the problems and the solutions from the field of physical education and sports. Hypotheses: 1. The subgroups of the research batch offer diverse information from the point of view of the problematic and solutions in the field of physical education and sports. 2. By processing the information we observe a large number of statements regarding the things that are not functional and a smaller number regarding the possible solutions. 3. Regarding the managerial solutions in the field of physical education and sports we observe mainly theoretical explanations in the detriment of practical solutions. 4. The collection of data offers per ensemble valuable and original literature for the extraction of viable solutions in the problematic of physical education and sports. General objectives: The research goal is to integrate the institutions of physical education and sports in the economic-social structure of the country in the context of the European integration and the internationalization of the organizations. The main objective of the research is to identify the present problems in the field of physical education and sports and to find possible solutions to get over them. Specific objectives:  Positioning the institutions of physical education and sports in the gear of the Romanian society.  The role of the management in the contemporary world and its impact on the management of the institutions for physical education and sports.  Predictable mutations in the contemporary world and their impact on the management of the institutions for physical education and sports: the necessary assimilation and adaptation to change.  Elements of the general management involved in the management of the institutions for physical education and sports and their impact on creating a new segment of management.  The economical, organizational and managerial impact based on knowledge in the management of the institutions for physical education and sports.  The concept of performance in the activity of physical education and sports and its role in the contemporary world.  The specificity of the management for the sports performance and its role for completing the mission of the institutions of physical education and sports.  The material resources of in the institutions physical education and sports and the role of the financial management in the acquiring and administering these funds.  The systemic approach of the activity of physical education and sports in the general context of education and civilization.  The necessity for editing a manual and producing a specialty like the management physical education and sports.


Modal filtration in the field of damage detection has many advantages, including: its autonomous operation (without the interaction of qualified staff), low computational cost and low sensitivity to changes in external conditions. However, the main drawback of this group of damage detection methods is its limited applicability to operational data. The modal filtration of the responses spectra (in place of FRFs), proposed in the literature, often does not give the expected results, working properly only for excitation in the form of white noise, or an ideal impulse. In other cases, for example in rotational machines, when in the response spectrum the rotational velocity harmonics dominate it can give wrong results. For such cases authors propose to use a new type of spatial filter, similar to modal filter with the difference that it has ability to filter the operational deflection shape components from the system response. Its application together with classical modal filter allows for damage detection using operational data with other type of excitation. The main assumption of the new spatial filter is the orthogonality of the filter coefficient vector to the operational deflection shape vector, it is then similar to the classical modal filter.


An electromechanical recording apparatus, which in combination with multichannel analyzers is suitable for the plotting of the energy spectra of radioisotopes, is described. By use of electronic attenuators before the counter, the application possibilities of the apparatus were greatly widened, so that the spectra of intensive radiators could also be obtained. The apparatus permits an observation of the spectrum from the beginning of a measurement; therefore, errors in the measurement set-up could be detected early. During and after conclusion of the measurement, the spectrum obtained could be copied as a series of points on coordinate paper. The time of the copying procedure occupies about one second and can be carried out to any point of time. (tr-auth)


The logistics service integrated network is the primary factor in the logistics integrated service. This paper analyzed both the connotation and structure of the logistics service integrated network. It elaborated on the governance logic of the logistics service integrated network in terms of relationship, interaction and collaboration. Since the governance model of a logistics service integrated network is dominated by contractual governance, this paper discussed its macro-governance mechanisms (e.g. trust mechanism, reputation mechanism, culture mechanism and joint sanctions mechanism) and micro-governance mechanism (e.g. entry barriers mechanism, incentive and restrictive mechanism, coordination mechanism and information feedback mechanism) so as to promote a coordinated effect on the logistics service integrated network.


Image registration and 3D reconstruction are fundamental computer vision and medical imaging problems. They are particularly challenging when the input data are images of a deforming body obtained by a single moving camera. We propose a new modelling framework, the multiview 3D warps. Existing models are twofold: they estimate inter-image warps which are often inconsistent between the different images and do not model the underlying 3D structure, or reconstruct just a sparse set of points. In contrast, our multiview 3D warps combine the advantages of both; they have an explicit 3D component and a set of 3D deformations combined with projection to 2D. They thus capture the dense deforming body's time-varying shape and camera pose. The advantages over the classical solutions are numerous: thanks to our feature-based estimation method for the multiview 3D warps, one can not only augment the original images but also retarget or clone the observed body's 3D deformations by changing the pose. Experimental results on simulated and real data are reported, confirming the advantages of our framework over existing methods.


AAPG Bull., v. 66, no. 6 (June 1982), p. 649, "Frio Formation of Texas Gulf Coastal Plain: Depositional Systems, Structural Framework, and Hydrocarbon Distribution," by William E. Galloway, David K. Hobday, and Kinji Magara: the footnote number 2 (Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712) should be after William E. Galloway's name, instead of footnote number 4. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1679------------


Green logistics that plays an important role in the sustainable development to which close attention has been paid by all the world, not only aims to coexist harmoniously with the environment but also can promote the development of the modern logistics industry healthy and rapid.Based on the theory of sustainable development, the meaning of green logistics is revealed, and the overall idea and implementation measure for constructing green logistics system are proposed.


1. Diurnal plant–visitor networks are well studied, but the community‐level dimension of nocturnal visitation by insects has been largely overlooked.


Examples of Direct and Inverse Problems for Mixed Systems Overview of Integral Equations, Discrete Inverse Theory and Ill-Posed Problems. Numerical Solutions Discrete Inverse Problems in Dynamic Calibration of Sensors Active Vibration Control of Flexible Structures Acousto-Mechatronics and Acoustic Tomography Thermo-Mechatronics Fluid Flow Control Magneto-Mechatronics Systems Optimal Design and Control Indirect and Remote Monitoring and Control.


This volume represents the results of an inquiry into "what is going on psychologically in a schizophrenic patient." The author, a distinguished Rorschach investigator, classifies schizophrenia into four reaction types designated core, dream, sanctuary, and transition. Two classifications of children are also added. At this point, the reviewer can merely fall back on the oft-quoted Shakespearean lines: "That which we call a rose/ By any other name..." Obviously, the "core" and "dream" schizophrenias signify the classical "nuclear" or "ingrained" forms of the disease, or kraeplinian dementia praecox. The "sanctuary" and "transition" forms are better integrated in ego structure and display a firmer hold on reality. These are presumably "schizophreniform" illnesses, with better prognosis. A total of 170 symptoms or behavior patterns, classified under five areas—defenses, intellectual functioning, fantasy activity, emotional state, and social adaptations—are measured by the Rorschach method (and by clinical evaluation) and assigned a quantitative rating from 0


Objective To explore the variation of interleukin 18(IL-18),interleukin 4(IL-4) and γ interferon(IFN-γ) in the patients with chronic severe hepatitis B.Methods Serum was obtained from 25 healthy individuals,35 chronic virus hepatitis B patients and 45 chronic severe hepatitis B patients.The concentration of IL-18,IL-4 and IFN-γ were examined by solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results IL-18,IL-4 levels had significant differences among three groups.The concentration of serum IFN-γ had no different significance between chronic virus hepatitis B group and chronic severe hepatitis B group,but IFN-γ was higher in the two patient groups than in the control group.The levels of IL-18 and IL-4 had obvious differences between survivors and non-survivors of the patients(P 0.05),whereas IFN-γ had no difference.The concentration of IL-18,IL-4 and IFN-γ were lower in recovery phase than in severe phase.IL-4 was positively correlated with IL-18(r= 0.6,P 0.01),and IL-4 was positively correlated with IFN-γ(r= 0.54,P 0.01) in chronic severe hepatitis B group.Conclusion IL-18,IL-4 and IFN-γ affected progress of disease and played an important role in pathological damages.


Due to work pressure human beings are hardly affected by a dangerous factor called as stress. And speaking about bank employees many of them were over stressed and they tends to get voluntary retirements in order to get relieved out such stress but some tries to manage it. There are many ways to reduce the stress and all those ways can be collectively categorized into a value known as personal value. This paper studies how such personal values is having a impact over the perceived stress of the bank employees in the study area. Sivakasi is an industrial town in which there are more number of fireworks, match works and printing industries. And as it is an industrial town a huge number of transactions will be taken place every day through banks, obviously the workload of the bank employees are high.
Keywords: Personal values, perceived stress, bank employees


In this paper,a compensated cone calorimeter is introduced and laser pulse enrgies are accurately measured.The dymamic nonequiva-lence between electrical and laser pulse heating investigatied.The overall uncertainty of radiation energy sensitivity of calorimeter is 0.2%.A comparison with an absolute radiometer for cw lasers by using a stabilized cw argon laser with an optical shutter showed an agreement of the scales within 0.05%.


High-density inulin was incorporated into milk containing 0.1% of milk fat at 0, 1, 2 and 3%, this inulin-supplemented yogurt samples were compared with control samples (3.2% of milk fat without supplementation) whereas all treatments were inoculated with mixed cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckiissp. bulgaricus. The chemical composition, pH, titratable acidity, acetaldehyde, apparent viscosity in addition to microstructure properties, texture profile analysis and sensory properties were measured during the storage.


The article presents the experience of economic analysis of the work of the big multi-field hospital. Methods how to estimate economic efficacy of structural-functional subdivisions of the hospital, which were tested and now are offered, give an opportunity to estimate the work of each department and do comparative analysis. In this case economic index reveals not only financial efficacy of the work of the departments, but it also indicates the grade of efficiency of the decisions made.


The role of Islamic dayah scholars in providing a perspective of disaster risk reduction to the people of Aceh has a very central position. The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives of dayah scholars in Pidie Jaya in understanding the concepts and efforts of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) as well as its influence on community culture in responding to disaster issues. The sample in this study were 7 individuals from the Dayah Ulama group and 14 individuals from the community from various educational and professional backgrounds spread across Pidie Jaya Regency. Data collection was carried out by the process of field interviews and the collection of relevant documents from various sources. This study found Ulama in Pidie Jaya argued that disaster was a disaster from God in the form of reprimand to humanity and its prevention by patience and trying to avoid risks and pray to Allah. This study also found that the views of the Pidie Jaya community in responding to disaster risk were influenced by the opinions of ulama. The existence of scholars in the community as a reference shaft in religion and decision making in attitude. Scholars are very good at mediating Qur'anic knowledge using language that is easily understood by the public. This condition makes it strategic to make Dayah Ulema as catalysts for transforming disaster knowledge in the perspective of disaster risk reduction management to the community. As a center of social, it is very important to involve ulama in campaigning and carrying out disaster risk reduction actions undertaken by related parties.


This chapter examines the multiple image objects detection, tracking, and classification method using human articulated visual perception capability in consecutive image sequences. The described artificial vision system mimics the characteristics of the human visual perception. It is a well known fact that a human being, first detects and focuses motion energy of a scene, and then analyzes only a detailed color region of that focused region using a storage cell from a human brain. From this fact, the spatio-temporal mechanism is derived in order to detect and track multiple objects in consecutive image sequences. This mechanism provides an efficient method for more complex analysis using data association in spatially attentive window and predicted temporal location. In addition, occlusion problem between multiple moving objects is considered. When multiple objects are moving or occluded between them in areas of visual field, a simultaneous detection and tracking of multiple objects tend to fail. This is due to the fact that incompletely estimated feature vectors such as location, color, velocity, and acceleration of a target provide ambiguous and missing information. In addition, partial information cannot render the complete information unless temporal consistency is considered when objects are occluded between them or they are hidden in obstacles. To cope with these issues, the spatially and temporally considered mechanism using occlusion activity detection and object association with partial probability model can be considered. Furthermore, the detected moving targets can be tracked simultaneously and reliably using the extended joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) filter. Finally, target classification is performed using the decision fusion method of shape and motion information based on Bayesian framework. For reliable and stable classification of targets, multiple invariant feature vectors to more certainly discriminate between targets are required. To do this, shape and motion information are extracted using Fourier descriptor, gradients, and motion feature variation on spatial and temporal images, and then local decisions are performed respectively. Finally, global decision is done using decision fusion method based on Bayesian framework. The experimental evaluations show the performance and usefulness of introduced algorithms that are applied to real image sequences. Figure 1 shows the system block-diagram of multi-target detection, tracking, and classification.


In compliance with CSP and resources vectors, the concepts of truncated trace and truncated trace set are proposed. A computation method for token capacity in a system with shared resources is formulated. Finally, the formal design theory and methodology of Petri net controllers for manufacturing systems with shared resources are discussed.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence and comorbidity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episodes (MDE) in a general population using DSM-IV, and to evaluate the associations between these conditions and healthcare utilisation.

METHODS
A random population-based telephone survey was conducted to record frequency of GORD symptoms, symptoms of GAD and MDE based on DSM-IV, and healthcare utilisation.

RESULTS
Of 2011 respondents, 4.2% had weekly GORD and 13.9% had monthly GORD, whereas 3.8% reported GAD and 12.4% reported MDE. Those with monthly GORD had higher risk of GAD (p = 0.01) and MDE (p < 0.001). GORD symptom frequency was independently correlated with MDE and GAD in a dose-response manner. The number of psychiatric diagnoses was independently correlated with GORD. GORD symptom frequency, GAD, and MDE were correlated with consultation frequency. GORD symptom frequency was corelated with high investigation expenditure.

CONCLUSION
GORD had a strong dose-response relationship with GAD and MDE in a Hong Kong population. Excessive healthcare utilisation should alert clinicians to the risk of psychiatric comorbidity.


The energy loss effect of incoming gluon from $J/\psi$ production in p-A (or d-A) collisions is investigated by means of the E866, RHIC and LHC experimental data. The gluon mean energy loss per unit path length $dE/dL = 2.18\pm0.14$ GeV/fm is extracted by fitting the E866 experimental data for $J/\psi$ production cross section ratios $R_{W(Fe)/Be}(x_{F})$. The obtained result indicates that the incoming gluons lose more energy than the incident quarks.
By comparing the theoretical results with E866, RHIC, and LHC experimental data, it is found that the nuclear suppression due to the incident gluon (quark) energy loss reduces (increases) with the increase of the kinematic variable $x_{F}$ (or $y$). The energy loss effect of incoming gluon plays an important role on the suppression of $J/\psi$ production in a wide energy range from $\sqrt{s}=38.7$ GeV to $\sqrt{s}=5.0$ TeV, and the influence of incident quark energy loss can be ignored for high energy(such as at RHIC and LHC energy).


Anonymous Multi-Agent Path Finding ( AMAPF ) is the problem of planning conflict-free paths to a set of target locations for a group of agents, where each agent is not associated with a specific target. This paper studies AMAPF with Individual Deadlines ( AMAPFwID ), where each target must be reached before a specific deadline, and the agent stays there to perform some long-term mission, for instance securing an asset, responding to an emergency, or performing a maintenance job. We examine three types of behavior of agents when reaching a target: (a) disappear on target, (b) stay on target, and (c) move after the deadline. The latter is only possible if the agent is replaced by another agent. We refer to this replacement as hot swapping . We propose a solution to AMAPFwID with each type of such behavior, based on a reduction to Network Flow. We test all solutions experimentally and show cases where hot swapping is beneficial. Finally, we also provide a solution to the case where agents disappear on targets that maximizes the number of targets reached and discuss other aspects of the problem.


Purpose: China has much lower 5-year survival rates among melanoma patients than Western countries. This retrospective study describes real-world clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in locally advanced/metastatic melanoma in China. Materials and methods: Adults patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma treated between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015, at the Beijing Cancer Hospital were eligible (data cutoff: December 31, 2017). The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test were used to estimate the median value of time-to-event outcomes. A Cox proportional hazards model was simulated to evaluate associations of patients' characteristics with survival. Results: Overall, there were 221 and 116 Chinese locally advanced and/or metastatic melanoma patients were enrolled in the first line (1L) and the second line (2L) treatments, respectively. The real-world objective response rate was <10% (1L: 6.3%; 2L: 3.4%); median progression-free survival was under 4 months (1L: 3.5; 2L: 2.3); median overall survival (OS) was <1 year (1L: 10.5; 2L: 7.5) with a low 12-month OS rate (43.5% for 1L, 30.5% for 2L). Based on univariate analyses, those with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status ≥2 (vs. ECOG=0) in 1L, and 2L treatment (vs. 1L treatment) or ECOG ≥2 (vs. ECOG=1) among 1L/2L were associated with statistically significantly worse outcomes. Conclusion: The current clinical outcomes in advanced melanoma patients in China are poor. High ECOG performance score independently increase risk of death both from 1L and 2L treatments, suggesting a high unmet medical need for immunotherapy in advanced melanoma.


A property of the Kiyotaki and Wright (1989) model of commodity money as a medium of exchange is the multiplicity of dynamic equilibria as discussed in Kehoe et al. (1993). We adapt the model to allow the meeting rate to depend on the length of the time period and focus on symmetric dynamic equilibria in a symmetric environment. We characterize the set of points in the state-payo space that are consistent with equilibrium. With a time period of any


The recognition of brief vowels was studied in forward and backward masking tasks. In a series of experiments in which both target and mask parameters were systematically varied, two populations of subjects were identified. The majority (Nonmaskers) evidenced little masking at any interstimulus interval, while relatively fewer subjects (Maskers) evidenced backward masking (but not forward masking) over a 100-200 ms interval. Increasing target set size systematically increased masking for the Maskers but not for the Nonmaskers. Adding white noise to the targets increased the extent of masking for both groups. These results suggest (1) that masking does not impose a substantive constraint on vowel perception in running speech, and (2) that multiple strategies may exist for vowel recognition.


Objective To understand the conditions of the family support and psychology of syphilis patients,and thus explore the coping measures for nursing.Methods By means of family support scale and SCL-90,56 syphilis patients were assessed,and a correlation analysis was made of the total score for family support and positive psychological factors.Results The total score for family support ranged from 5 to 15(8.61±2.46);the total score obtained from SCL-90 analysis and the number of positive items were both higher than the national norm(P0.01),with the differences between the national norm and the four factors of somatization,depression,anxiety and fear being statistical significant(P0.01);and there existed negative correlation between the total score for family support on the one hand and somatization and anxiety on the other.Conclusion Syphilis patients have abnormality of psychology such as somatization,anxiety,etc.,which was negatively correlated to family support.This suggests that importance should be attached to the family support and psychological conditions of these patients,and that family support should be brought into play to improve the patient's psychology.


This experiment was carried out to examine the existence of luteinizing hormone receptor(LHR)in the nodose ganglion in goat.Immunohistochemical SP method was adopted to observe the distribution characteristics of LHR in nodose ganglion.Image-Pro Plu 6.0(IPP6.0)was used as the method of semi-quantitative image analysis to evaluate the expression difference of LHR between neurons and non-neurons cells.The membrane and cytoplasm of neurons were strong positive stained with brown to LHR,whereas no receptors were detected in the nuclei.There were flaxen LHR-immunoreactive products performing weak positive in nerve fibers.Image analysis showed a significant difference of LHR expression between neurons and non-neurons in NG(P0.01).Visceral sensory neurons in nodose ganglion of goat were the main target cells to LH,which implies LH may regulate the sensory transduction of internal organs through the LHR disteibuted on visceral sensory neurons of nodose ganglion.


Abstract Objectives To longitudinally examine the latent statuses of depressive symptoms and their association with cognitive impairment in older U.S. nursing home (NH) residents. Method Using Minimum Data Set 3.0, newly-admitted, long-stay, older NH residents with depression in 2014 were identified (n = 88,532). Depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and cognitive impairment (Brief Interview of Mental Status) were measured at admission and 90 days. Latent transition analysis was used to examine the prevalence of and the transition between latent statuses of depressive symptoms from admission to 90 days, and the association of cognitive impairment with the statuses at admission. Results Four latent statuses of depressive symptoms were identified: 'Multiple Symptoms' (prevalence at admission: 17.3%; 90 days: 13.6%), 'Depressed mood' (20.0%; 19.5%), 'Fatigue' (27.4%; 25.7%), and 'Minimal Symptoms' (35.3%; 41.2%). Most residents remained in the same status from admission to 90 days. Compared to residents who were cognitively intact, those with moderate impairment were more likely to be in 'Multiple Symptoms' and 'Fatigue' statuses; those with severe impairment had lower odds of belonging to 'Multiple Symptoms', 'Depressed Mood', and 'Fatigue' statuses. Conclusion By addressing the longitudinal changes in the heterogeneous depressive symptoms and the role of cognitive impairment, findings have implications for depression management in older NH residents.


The concept of Spiritual capital has gained wildly attention at home and abroad in recendy years.The term is used both in social sciences and popular culture.The paper mainly introduces the following aspects:the researchers and their works,spiritual capital's definitions,components and measurements,and spiritual capital in Chinese society.And then the paper points out the deficiency and the development space of current research about spiritual capital in China.


Modern societies are embroiled with varied levels of
conflict. The type and intensity of conflict is often
historically determined and the causative factors are
also closely tied to the social dynamics of the global
community. Many factors tend to account for modern
conflict. Apart from having political, economic, and
environmental causes some are precipitated by sociocultural
and human factors. One area of concern is
the type of weapons and strategies employed in the
furtherance of the various interests of the combatants.
While few socio-cultural groups favor Ghandian
strategy several others adopt violence ranging from
insurrection to terrorism. It is within the purview of
the weapons and strategies employed in modern
conflict that this paper examines the dimension of
conflict along Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. It situates
this dimension within the category of home grown
terrorism in order to establish its criminal burden and
also uses conflict theory to explain its socio-political
relevance. It finally concludes with several alleviating
strategies towards solving the current imbroglio


Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used in various fields due to their high efficiency, high power factor and small volume. In this paper, a segmented permanent magnet interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is proposed and optimized. First, the topology of the IPMSM is introduced. Second, multi-objective optimization is performed by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) using rotor structure parameters as optimization variables, saliency ratio as constraint, electromagnetic torque and constant-power speed range as objective functions. Then, the electromagnetic characteristics of the initial IPMSM and the optimized IPMSM are analyzed and compared. The results show that the torque and constant-power speed range of the optimized motor are improved, which verifies the validity of the optimization method. The proposed motor is suitable for electric vehicles, which require large torque at low speeds and wide constant-power speed range at high speeds.


The common deteriorations of slabs with a slightly curved bottom are introduced.By analyzing local finite element stress,deteriorations of slabs are considered to be caused by the lack of slab thickness and arch-rib lateral stiffness.The methods for preventing further deteriorating and the maintaining strategies are proposed,which are validified by the finite element analysis.


In previous work has been proposed, and theoretically confirmed, that the self-similar whit long-range dependence traffic flows may be limited to the network layer. In this paper applies this novel concept to the study of traffic recorded in an IEEE 802.3u network environment whit the aim to prove their validity as a simply and efficient tool for high speed computer network traffic flows analysis.