Of 20 examined Africans who were seropositive to HIV in the Western Blot technique, the syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency was found in 2, generalized lymphoadenopathy in 17; in one patient infection was asymptomatic. A decrease in the T-helper/T-suppressor ratio was noted in all the examinees, in 88% of the patients the Ig level was elevated. Each case was described.


Recent reflectivity data reveal a fine structure in optical spectra of alkali halides. It is shown that surface effects are important in these measurements.


BACKGROUND
 Governments worldwide have introduced COVID-19 tracing technologies. Taiwan, a world leader in controlling the virus' spread, has introduced the Taiwan 'Social Distancing App' to facilitate COVID-19 contact tracing. However, for these technologies to be effective, they must be accepted and used by the public.

 OBJECTIVE
 Our study aimed to determine public acceptance for three hypothetical tracing technologies: a centralized Government App, a decentralized Bluetooth App (e.g., Taiwan's Social Distancing App), and a Telecommunication tracing technology; and model what factors contributed to their acceptance.

 METHODS
 Four nationally representative surveys were conducted in April 2020 sampling 6,000 Taiwanese residents. Perceptions and impacts of COVID-19, government effectiveness, worldviews, and attitudes towards and acceptance of one-of-three hypothetical tracing technologies were assessed.

 RESULTS
 Technology acceptance was high across all hypothetical technologies (67% - 73%) and improved with additional privacy measures (82% - 88%). Bayesian modelling (using 95% highest density credible intervals) showed data sensitivity and perceived poor COVID-19 policy compliance inhibited technology acceptance. By contrast, technology benefits (e.g., returning to activities, reducing virus spread, lowering the likelihood of infection), higher education, and perceived technology privacy, security, and trust, were all contributing factors to overall acceptance. Bayesian ordinal probit models revealed higher COVID-19 concern for other people than for one's self.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Taiwan is currently using a range of technologies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 as the country returns to normal economic and social activities. We observed high acceptance for COVID-19 tracing technologies among the Taiwanese public, a promising and necessary finding for the successful introduction of Taiwan's new 'Social Distancing App'. Policy makers may capitalize on this acceptance by focusing attention towards the App's benefits, privacy and security measures, making the App's privacy measures transparent to the public, and emphasizing App uptake and compliance among the public.

 CLINICALTRIAL
 Not applicable.


New physics results released during the last year are presented. They include measurements of the gluon polarization from both the open charm and the high pT channels, extraction of the strange quark polarization, measurements of the longitudinal polarization of lambda and anti-lambda, and several new results on transversity among which the Collins and Sivers asymmetries from a proton target. Plans for developments in the forthcoming year are described; they include an R&D on Micromegas and the implementation of the monitoring of the electromagnetic calorimeters. 1. New physics results 1.


[Objective] Literature domestic lipidomics were analyzed to understand the status of research lipidomics. [Methods] We collected since 2003 lipidomics literature, and used Note Express3.0, Bicomb2.0 and SPSS19.0 software for bibliometric analysis. [Results]A total of 74 valid documents were screened out. The amount of literature published were on the rise. The top three institutions were Tianjin University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Union Medical College. Through the analysis of 18 high-frequency keywords we got 5 hot topics. [Conclusion] Domestic lipidomics research is still in its initial stage. Inflammation lipidomics research needs to be further deepened.


D004 SEISMIC FACIES INTERPRETATION IN A TURBIDITIC ENVIRONMENT FROM PRE-STACK DATA: A CASE STUDY Summary 1 Seismic facies analysis aims at interpreting a set of features measured locally in reservoirs in terms of qualitative properties. This paper presents a real-case study from a deep-offshore field located in Brazil. The aim of this work is to interpret pre-stack inversion results (P and S-Impedance cubes) obtained by joint pre-stack stratigraphic inversion in terms of seismic facies. This study tackles some issues such as well-to-seismic data integration upscaling of lithofacies and facies definition and identification in a real world. Introduction In the recent


A system for controlling an inter-vehicle distance between a system-equipped system vehicle and a preceding vehicle that is in front of the system vehicle, with a speed measuring means for measuring a speed of the system vehicle, a beam scanning means for scanning a beam over a predetermined scan angle in a width direction of the system vehicle and for receiving the beams that are reflected from objects which are located in a front entry region that is defined by the scan angle in order to detect the objects, a distance and angular position determining means for determining the distances to the objects and the angular positions of the objects in the forward detection area on the basis of the reflected beams, a relative position and relative velocity determining means for determining the relative positions and relative speeds of the objects relative to the system vehicle based on the distances and angular positions of the objects that are determined by the distance and angular position determining means, a curve determining means for determining a degree of a curve in a road, on which the ...


Take the Siertan(marsh) wetland-dry grassland in Ningxia as the study area and according to the vegetation feature,Siertan wetland-dry grassland was divided into three different communities from the centre to the edge,called "Three zones"(wet zone,ecotone,dry zone).The vegetation stability of the Siertan was measured by the improved M.Godron's method for studying community stability.The results showed that,the intersection coordinates of the three zones were(18.39,81.61),(24.75,75.25),(22.85,77.15).The vegetation stability of wet zone turned out to be the best(5.180 2),followed by the dry zone(16.267 7).It could be concluded that,soil water content played a positive effect on vegetation stability.While the ecotone locates between the wet zone and the dry zone,as well as the shrinking wetland area,the ecotone in a continuous succession of stages,which made ecotone to be the weakest in vegetation stability.But as a whole,the intersection coordinates of the three zones were all very close to(20,80).What's more,ecotone possessed the richest vegetation variety(23),while the wet zone was exposed to be at the bottom(12)among the three zones,which mainly owing to the soil moisture content and soil salinization.The dry zone possessed the lowest soil moisture content and mild soil salinization.While the wet zone turned to be in the contrast.With regard to the vegetation variety,the ecotone was obviously the best,owing the advantages of appropriate soil water content and weak soil salinization.The vegetation stability and vegetation variety of Siertan was pretty well on the whole,which closely related to the closed pasture management in recent years and the heavy rainfall in the year.


Sanford Levinson's reading of the Second Amendment deftly parlays a strategy of historical interpretation into an opening move in a much needed contemporary political conversation about guns, individual rights, popular sovereignty, and state power.' This reading suggests an intriguing recovery of the Amendment's origins in republican anti-statism and, in the same gesture, potentially retrieves the political value of the Amendment for those who ordinarily have little in common with its stickiest adherents. Historically situated in the republican concern with popular power, the Second Amendment might be less the individualistic cudgel of National Rifle Association sloganeering than a token and vehicle of collective civic resistance against the domestic imperialism of centralized state power. However compelling and disturbing several aspects of Levinson's provocative argument may be, I think it is ultimately less republican than it wants to be; I think the republicanism it does harbor is of questionable value; and I think the republican subject, if he exists, is definitely a "he." In what follows, I will suggest that both the republican subject and polity invoked in Levinson's interpretation are, at best, appealing historical figures, of little relevance to our socially fragmented and politically disintegrated mass culture, to our bureaucratized, centralized, and nucleararmed state, or to the relationship between them.


Pheromones are defined as chemical signals that are released from one individual and induce specific endocrine or behavioural reactions in another individual of the same species. Odours play a significant role in signalling the stage of reproduction of the cow, and the bull can use a combination of factors displayed by the female to determine its receptivity. During oestrus, females release olfactory molecules, thus signalling the stage of their cycle and stimulating sexual behaviour and functions of males. Attempts were made to review the chemical nature of olfactory signals of oestrus in milk, urine, blood, saliva, skin gland secretion during the proestrous and oestrous cycle. Several behavioural studies indicated that bovine milk from different stages of the oestrous cycle had different odours. Bulls have also been found to detect pheromone odours and differentiate between oestrus and non-oestrus urine. Bioassay involving rats revealed the presence of maximal pheromone activity during proestrus. Vaginal fluid is also reported to act as a chemical signal. Saliva, serum, skin gland secretions and faeces have also been studied for their pheromonal properties. Systemic evaluation of either urine or vaginal secretions over the whole cycle has yet to be investigated. The use of artificial olfaction could enable more accurate detection of oestrus and potentially increase fertility in cows. The current status of chemical signals (pheromones) of oestrus and their identification in farm animals is reviewed in this article with emphasis on cows.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is to produce a blue glass composition and is non-nitrate method for improving the ultraviolet light absorbent, while maintaining high visible light transmittance. This method, cobalt compounds, batch colorant consisting essentially of manganese compound with iron oxide and optionally titanium oxide to process and dissolved in the glass forming added to the base glass composition of soda-lime-silica in molten glass formed and a step of not adding sodium nitrate to the material, the thickness of 4.0 mm, an amount sufficient to form a blue glass composition having a main wavelength and 6-40% excitation purity of 477-494, It is added. Blue glass composition, by weight, 68-75% of The glass for automotive or architectural applications, it is useful. The method preferably comprises the use of a reducing agent such as anthracite in lysis working.


In Mexico, two IOCG-bearing belts are disposed roughly parallel to the Pacific Coast: (1) an older, Mesozoic belt located near the Pacific border, constituted by magnetite-rich bodies with Cu-Au anomalies; and (2) a Tertiary belt, located inland Mexico, grossly parallel to the Mesozoic belt,composed mainly by magnetite-hematite-rich deposits. Recently, some new data on the absolute age of these deposits has been


In the present work, A356.1 aluminum alloy matrix composites reinforced with 1.5, 2.5, and 5 vol.% MgO nanoparticles were fabricated at various casting temperatures, viz. 800, 850 and 950◦C using stir casting method. Density, crystal structure and microstructure of the samples were investigated in order to achieve the optimum amount of casting temperature. Also, the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicated that with increasing the content of the second phase (MgO), the amount of agglomeration and porosity increased. However, the microstructural characterization of the composite samples showed uniform distribution of reinforcement and presence of the minimal porosity. Density results showed adjacent values in comparison with theoretical ones. Composite cast at 850◦C can be considered as the optimum fabrication conditions. K e y w o r d s: aluminum matrix composite, stir casting, MgO nanoparticles, microstructure, density


This paper elaborates concrete forms of manifestation of Chongqing people抯 disadvantage of Standard Chinese, its objective and subjective causes, and the approaches of its solution. The purpose is to help the training and teaching of Standard Chinese, to effectively raise Chongqing people抯 level of Standard Chinese, and to popularize Standard Chinese.


This paper describes the development of 3D models and applications for the district of Mülheim South, Cologne, Germany, within the framework of the Fraunhofer Society's project "City of Tomorrow". GIS technologies are used as support for the implementation of a holistic approach to sustainable urban development as part of the Cologne smart city efforts. 3D GIS visualisation technologies are applied not only for the district in its current state, but also for simulation of future scenarios of sustainable and innovative development. Web-based applications are under development to allow a clear presentation of the new city development projects and scenarios, and to facilitate future citizen participation in the planning and decision making process.


An applicator for insertion and lubrication of a body lumen is disclosed having an elongate, hollow, cylindrical outer sheath including a receiving cup at a distal end for receiving a lubrication capsule; and a plunger slidingly received within the elongate, hollow cylindrical outer sheath, the plunger including a piercing element at a distal end adapted to extend into the receiving cup. A liquid-filled soft gel capsule is placed in the receiving cup, and the piercing element is used to puncture the capsule located in the receiving cup prior to insertion of the applicator into the body lumen, and wherein the plunger can be depressed once the applicator is inserted into the body lumen to eject the pierced capsule into the body lumen.


This paper explores how different types of information are needed when the basis of policy changes, Very often new policies are constrained by the information gathered to service the old policy structure. There is a danger of using information that is gathered rather than that which is needed.

When policy changes (and this paper explores both health and transport policies), then it is frequently necessary to change the research questions and methods involved.


South Weymouth, which was reached in 32 hours. The airship had thus completed almost 78 hours of continual flight after leaving Resolute on 8 August. The total distance flown during the operation was 4700 nautical miles, and at no time did the flight altitude exceed 2100 feet. The operation demonstrated that a ZPG-2 airship can provide low altitude, slow speed, visual and photographic reconnaissance over a wide range in the Arctic, and that it forms a suitable platform for scientific investigations. Mooring and groundhandling requirements are, however, not simple, and facilities superior to those available at Resolute are necessary at a forward base to ensure reliable operating conditions.


In this article, microdroplet motion in the electrocapillary-based digital microfluidic systems is modeled accurately, and the combined effects of the biomolecular adsorption and micro-droplet evaporation on the performance of the device are investigated. An electrohydrodynamic approach is used to model the driving and resisting forces, and Fick's law and Gibbs equation are used to calculate the microdroplet evaporation and adsorption rate. Effects of the adsorption and evaporation rates are then implemented into the microdroplet dynamics by adding new terms into the force balance equation. It is shown that mass loss due to the evaporation tends to increase the protein concentration, and on the other hand, the increased concentration due to the mass loss increases the biomolecular adsorption rate which has a reverse effect on the concentration. The modeling results indicate that evaporation and adsorption play crucial roles in the microdroplet dynamics.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


In this paper, a rolling bearing fault diagnosismethod based on PCA and improved PNN network is proposed to solve the problems of high dimension, high redundancy, nonlinearity and nonstationarity of rolling bearingdata. Firstly, the principal components analysis (PCA) algorithm is used to extract the feature information of the original data and obtain the principal component informationafter dimension reduction. Then the principal component information is sent as a feature to the probabilistic neuralnetwork (PNN) for training and output the diagnosisresults. The method is verified using Case Western bearingdatasets. Through simulation comparison of this method and BP neural network method, the experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper is more accurate in bearing fault diagnosis.


. There are two contrasting cultures in every religious tradition, the holy war and peaceable garden cultures. Examples are given for Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Conflict is basic to human existence, stemming from the uniqueness of human individuals and their groups. Churches, instead of helping their societies develop the middle-ground skills of negotiation and mediation, have insisted on a choice between two extreme behaviors: unitive love or destruction of the enemy. In international affairs this has led to the identification of the church with the state in wartime and kept it from claiming the important middle ground of peacemaking. Institutionalized religion can pick up its missed opportunities.


With the advanced technology development, banks are no longer physical and fixed locations. With the network, people can do transactions every time and everywhere. In the new era of Bank 3.0, not only consumers need to change their consumption habits, but banks need to change their strategies to deal with more challenges. However, the more information customers can receive, the more the loyalty declines. Traditional banks should ensure their innovative strategies could grasp the new market trends. Banks must be equipped with customized financial services so to stand out other competitors and to avoid elimination. However, some branches and departments must be eliminated under this trend, and so do some employees. We would like to see the banking transformation and the cost reduction. But at the same time, we still need to figure out how to reduce the pain during process, which is the subject of this thesis. This article will explore the communication and counseling between banking management and executives -- how they continue bringing prosperity to each other in this era. Through questionnaire analysis and in-depth interviews, this study analyzes the attitudes and expectations of local retail banking staffs, and the future strategies of executives. Wealth management is still not out of "people" things. That is to say, even though the whole transaction system might be digitalized, banks still need people, rather than robotics, to solve human's problems. Therefore, this study suggests business model and strategies as an example for banking executives in the era of Banking 3.0.


It is difficult to analytically derive a volumetric displacement formula of gerotor hydraulic pump/motor because geometric shape of rotors is complicated. An analytical method about the volumetric displacement is proposed in this work, which is relatively easy and based upon two physical concepts. The first one is energy conservation between hydraulic energy of the pump/motor and mechanical input/output energy. The second concept is torque equilibrium with respect to inner and outer rotors. The formula about the volumetric displacement is derived for the common case of inner and outer rotors rotate with respect to fixed axes. The formula is verified by comparing another analytical displacement formula, and it is numerically verified by comparing numerical results, which is calculated for geometric specification of a motor. The numerical displacement is calculated through CAD software program and MATLAB program. The proposed analytical formula can be utilized in analysis and design of hydraulic gerotor motors.


Fentanyl is a potent, short-acting, rapid-onset opiate agonist that
relieves moderate to severe pain. This study was aimed to examine the use
(dosage and frequency), effectivity, and Drug Therapy Problem (DTP) of
fentanyl transdermal during pain control in cancer patient at Palliative Unit
and Relieved Pain RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.
This study was an observational, prospective and descriptive study.
Sampling was done by time limited sampling method. Population was all of
cancer patients with fentanyl transdermal as their pain control therapy
during April 1st to June 30st 2016. Instruments of this study were
questionnairre and patient's medical record.
Result of this study, there were 7 patients with fentanyl transdermal
as their pain control. All the patients replaced their fentanyl transdermal
every 72 hours. There were various dosage of fentanyl transdermal used by
all patients, those were 12 μg/h (14%); 25 μg/h (71%); and 37 μg/h (14%).
Effectiveness of fentanyl transdermal to control pain in cancer
patient were examined based on pain intensity and quality of life scale. The
results were 5 patients with mild pain (71%), 1 patient with moderate pain
(14%), and 1 patient with severe pain (14%). Quality of life scale, 4 patients
(57%) increased, 2 patients (29%) stagnant, and 1 patient (14%) decreased.
Based on 7 category of Drug-therapy problem (DTP), identified
DTP of fentanyl transdermal in this study were, 2 patients with ineffective
drug (28%) and 6 patients with adverse drug reaction (ADR) (86%).
From this study, it is necessary to study the use of fentanyl
transdermal at patients with uniform duration therapy of fentanyl
transdermal.
Keyword : Drug Utilization Study, Cancer Pain, Fentanyl Transdermal


Pond that happened in Bendungan Sutami Street Malang City reached height of ± 50 cm and duration of the pond was ± 60 minutes. This condition resulted in broken traffic band and people took a longer other band. One of the generated impact of the existence of the pond was the damage on hard surface of the street. The final goal of this activity was in order that drainage network system can perform well in a long time according to the plan so that it can endure evaluated from construction facet and its function. The method used was by analysing flood discharge that happened (Qa) 0,3638 m3/s and channel capacity existing (Qke) 0,1268 m3/s, hereinafter evaluated and its result was that the existing channel is unable to conduct water well. The evaluation of channel capacity in handling the problem of flood can be conducted by dimension repeat channel. Dimension of channel plan in the form of square made from concrete coat with the width of channel base is (b) 0,35 m and the height of water surface is (h) 0,5 m, obtained plan channel capacity (Qkr) 0,3955 m3/s. Final result of analysis showed Qa < Qkr, the flood will not happen and capacity control (∆Q) = 8,7%


We study the distribution of sizes in the Israeli system of cities, using a rank-size representation of population distributions from 1950 to 2005. Based on a multiplicative model of proportionate growth, we develop a quantitative comparison relating the change in the rank-size curves to the change in the real data of Israeli cities during this period. At the level of macro dynamics, there is good agreement between the model and the real data. At the micro level, however, the model is less successful as the mean variation of the cities' rank during the period studied is much larger in the model than in the real data. To illustrate this difference, we use the rank-clock representation.


We discuss several issues raised by Caplan & Waters's distinction between interpretative and post-interpretative processes in sentence comprehension, including the nature and properties of the two systems, problems with measuring their respective capacities, and the relationship between the hypothesized separate-language-interpretation-resource (SLIR) and the general verbal working memory system that supports post-interpretive processing.


BOOK REVIEW: Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking. New York, NY: Crown Publishers. 333 pages. ISBN: 9780307352149.


The aim of this research is to get a better understanding of the future of large-scale 3D printing. By developing the market analysis, it will be clear whether large-scale 3D printing is becoming more of a preferred way of printing custom-made parts for production companies. Companies can then choose whether to change their ways, for a more profitable less costly method, or stay on the route they are on. By getting deep into this topic, a new world of technology is then being discovered and familiarized. With a mix of theoretical and practical relevance, a complete coverage could be made on large-scale 3D printing. This paper could then cover all aspects of this topic, and the reader could then make their own judgment if large-scale 3D printing would be the best option.


The characterization of the thermodynamic and transport properties of plasmas including silicon species could be of great interest for the investigation of many different systems containing the product of the ablation of silicon-based materials. Different plasma systems (pure silicon, silicon–argon, silicon dioxide and silicon carbide) have been investigated in a wide temperature range (103–4 104 K) and for different pressures (1, 10, 30 and 100 atm), relying on the construction of accurate and extended databases of internal energy levels and binary-interaction transport cross sections for the silicon compounds. The results have been compared with the available results in the literature also studying the dependence on the ratio of components.


Using a method developed by the authors, the configuration of the inside boundary of circular rings, subjected to diametral compression, has been optimised, keeping cleared the space enclosed by the original circular inside boundary. The range of diameters studied was 0.33ID/OD0.7. In comparison with circular rings of the same ID/OD, the stress concentrations have been reduced by about 30%, the weight has been reduced by about 10% and coefficients of efficiency of about 0–96 have been attained. The maximum values of compressive and tensile stresses on the edge of the hole, are approximately equal, there are practically no gradients of stress along the edge of the hole, and sharp corners exhibit zero stress. The geometries for each ID/OD design are given in detail.


With the ever-increasing need for faster data communication, cloud services using datacenters are becoming the norm for large-scale data processing. When a disaster occurs in such a system, it is important to ensure that the users do not experience a huge data loss. Current techniques based on protection or restoration are not appropriate for such systems. Recently, the use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed for high bandwidth demands in cloud networks. Techniques for handling disasters in OFDM networks have not been investigated yet. A new scheme is developed in this research for recovering from any disaster by switching over to alternate paths that avoid the disaster. A new Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation has been developed, based on this scheme. The proposed formulation gives an optimal solution, based on an exhaustive search and is useful as a benchmark. A number of experiments have been conducted, which demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.


We read with interest the study by Hinze et al. (1). The authors did not find that assay of either S100A8/A9 or S100A12 would predict the evolution of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in patients with clinical remission achieved with anti-TNF medications. The authors observed a strong correlation between S100A8/A9 and S100A12 at a given time in a given patient, but saw great variability over time in a given patient. They postulated that the delay between anti-TNF administration and blood sampling should explain part of this variability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


modifying processes (e.g., pollution and natural system modifications); whereas pelagic 30 specialists with slow reproductive speeds and varied diets are vulnerable to threats that directly 31 impact survival and fecundity (e.g., invasive species and biological resource use) and climate 32 change. Species with no threats are non-pelagic specialists with invertebrate diets and fast 33 reproductive speeds. 34


The chlorine tetroxide radical and its anion have been investigated with unrestricted Hartree–Fock, density functional and hybrid Hartree–Fock/density functional methods, perturbation theory, and coupled cluster methods. It is predicted that the minimum on the ClO4 radical potential energy surface corresponds to the 2B2 ground electronic state, a C2v-symmetry structure. The C3v structure identified experimentally lies a few kcal mol−1 higher energetically. A Cs symmetry structure lies very close energetically to the C2v minimum at some levels of theory. Adiabatic electron affinities, equilibrium geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, isotopic shifts, and dipole moments are presented for all methods. Comparisons with recent experimental vibrational data for the radical are made. It is predicted that the C2v equilibrium geometry of the ground state is Re(Cl–O1)=1.502 A, Re(Cl–O2)=1.424 A, θe1=93.6° and θe2=114.2°. The adiabatic electron affinity of the ClO4 radical is predicted ...


Objective To summarize the experience of diagnosis and management of regional portal hypertension(RPH).Methods The clinical manifestations,diagnostic methods and therapeutic modalities of 8 cases of regional portal hypertension were analyzed retrospectively.Results The primary pathogenies of RPH were chronic pancreatitis,pseudo cyst and tumour located at pancreatic body and tail.7 cases with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,hypersplenia were accompanied in all 8 cases.Splenectomy were performed in 8 cases,ex tensive devascularization around the cardia performed in 2 cases.Conclusion It is not difficult to diagnose regional portal hypertension.Splenectomy is recommended for primary lesion.


A UV composition that contains from about 0.2% to about 2% of a UV stabilizer which is an alpha-cyanodiphenylacrylate of the general formula: At least one of R1 or R2 is a C1-C8 alkyoxy radical, and one of R1 or R2 is a straight or branched chain C1-C30 alkoxy radical or any non-alkoxy radical, or hydrogen; and R3 is a straight or branched chain C1-C30 alkyl. Further, the UV composition comprises from about 1.5% to about 3.5% of a UV active which is a butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, and from about 3% to about 9% of a UV active that is 2-Ethylhexyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate. A dermatologically acceptable carrier is also provided. Preferably, the weight ratio of alpha- cyanodiphenylacrylate to butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane is from about 1:2 to about 1:5.


This invention discloses a cotton-stalk skin fiber non-woven fabric and its process method, in which, the non-woven fabric is composed of 1~100% weight proportion cotton stalk skin fiber and 0-99% other spinning fibers, fibers among cotton stalk skin fibers, fibers among spinning fibers and fibers between cotton-stalk skin fibers and those of spinning are into-crossed to form cubic net woven structure. The process step includes: processing of cotton stalk skin fiber, mixing combing spreading net and transfixation.


We present an simulation experiment that can be used to asses the impact of using traffic prediction for online control on the performance of communication networks. A server with fixed output link bandwidth and impaired with high priority traffic is considered. The server shares its remaining available rate over K contending low-priority input streams queued at the input. An adaptive linear filter is used to provide an estimation of the future traffic load on each stream. The influence of the number of coefficients of the filter (window size) on the obtained predictions is discussed. The estimates for the future load on each connection are fed to a rate allocation algorithm that decides on how the available rate will be shared among the low-priority queues. Currently, the objective of this algorithm is to minimize packet loss by keeping all low-priority queues at the same size.


The collapse of communist governments in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union requires a major rethink of many sociological theories of social integration and change.

Drawing on a wide range of social theory, Social Theory and the Crisis of State Socialism offers a comparative analysis of the democratic revolutions, combining historical understanding with accounts of the crisis of communism in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and Russia. Larry Ray identifies contradictions within Soviet societies, developing a theory of crisis management that accounts both for the survival of the system over several decades and for its eventual failure.


In this paper I examine the role of capital income taxation in providing risk-sharing in an economy characterized by uninsurable idiosyncratic uncertainty and borrowing constraints. I show that the introduction of a capital income tax system in this economy leads to a reduction in precautionary savings since the tax acts as a risk-sharing mechanism among individuals. I …nd that the capital income tax rate associated with the highest welfare gain is increasing with the earnings risk and with the consequent demand for insurance. I then calibrate the model to US data and …nd that the long-run capital tax rate providing the optimal level of risk sharing is 34.5 percent. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and should not be interpreted as those of the Congressional Budget O¢ ce.


Background: The purpose of our study was to analyze epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data to determine histoprognostic risk factors associated with overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in the liposarcoma (LS) of the limbs. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 50 cases ofLS of the limbs treated at the Salah Azaiz institute from 1995 to 2015. We analyzed the clinical, pathological features and outcome of our patients. Results: By the histological subtype, 5 years OS was 82% in well differentiated, 61% in myxoid, 50% in mixed and 0% in pleomorphic and dedifferentiated (p=0.002). The 5 years OS was 81% and 60% for grade 1, and 10% for grade 3 (p<0.001). Radiotherapy increased the OS from 40% to 70% at 5 years and from 29% to 43 at 10 years (p=0.063). The 2 and 5 years DFS were 36% and 19%, respectively. The one year DFS was 35% for patients with tumors ≤10cm and 0% for tumors >10cm (p=0.013). The one year DFS was 36% for pleomorphic and 0% for myxoid and dedifferentiated (p=0.005). The high grade decreased significantly the 2 years DFS from 37% in case of grade1 to 0% for the grade 3 (p<0.001). Involved surgical margins decreased the one year DFS from 10% to 0% (p<0.001). High grade (p=0.036) and involved margins (p=0.005)werethe independent predictive factors of metastases. Conclusions: Complete surgical resection remains the only curative treatment of LS, radiotherapy and chemotherapy could be useful especially for prevention and treatment of the relapses. Keys words: Limbs, liposarcoma, outcome, treatment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 09-10-2018 Date of acceptance: 25-10-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Relative to the sports that have complex technology, basketball sport not only needs the basketball players have very good physical quality and accurate skill of passing, shooting a ball if you want to achieve process of good passing, dribbling, pitching and so on. And relative to the research angle of current way of raising level of basketball fast break and pass, the medicine ball training angle is insufficient, therefore this paper departed from the basis literature of technical of medicine ball training and basketball fast break and pass, and had research according to the universities basketball class, selected two classes to have contrast analysis of the tradition and medicine ball training, and got strong guidance of medicine ball training contributes to the improve distance and speed of basketball fast break and pass, this helps basketball coaches who can effectively use this method to improve basketball fast break and pass technology of the players, and improve the players' physical quality.


Recently, the seriousness of global warming has become increasingly prominent worldwide. In this study, Hsian-tsao, a safe, heat-resistant ingredient that can be eaten and applied, and its extract products were examined for their potential applicability as a countermeasure for problems that may arise in the skin due to global warming. This includes being flexible and responsive to changes in consumer demand due to global warming. Furthermore, regarding global warming, the scientific community is considering ways to mitigate heat stress in humans and animals, and we hope to provide key data for future exploration. Although this review is a narrative review, we conducted a systematic review and searched sources such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar according to PRISMA flow chart guidelines and using a chain of search words such as "global warming", "green industry", "Hsian-tsao", "heat resistance", "skin health", "cosmetics", and "consumer". Accordingly, we searched a total of 1231 studies and selected 107 studies in the final stage. Considering the sustainability and safeness of Hsian-tsao, further studies to help mitigate human heat stress caused by global warming and evaluate its impact on beauty and health should analyze its utilization and reflect consumer needs that can contribute to the green industry. Therefore, in a situation where the growth of the green industry is urgently needed due to the acceleration of global warming, additional research is necessary on inner-beauty materials and heat-resistant plants that lower the temperature in line with future preparations for continuous global warming. Accordingly, the science community and nutrition, inner beauty, and cosmetics industries seem likely to bring more interest to the green industry, and this trend will continue in the future. We hope that Hsian-tsao will be used in a variety of skin health strategies and nutritional approaches to global warming and heat resistance.


The brittle- ductile transition process is simulated through triaxial compression test,and the breaking process is simulated through triaxial unloading test in this paper. The brittle- ductile transition threshold limit confining pressure of gypsum,mudstone and marlstone are gotten by triaxial compression test of 70 samples.They are 68. 5,81. 35 and 92. 35 MPa,respectively,which amount to buried depth of 4 029,4 782 and 5 429m,respectively. The mathematical relation between break confining pressure and principal compressive pressure is gotten by triaxial unloading test. The mathematical formula is y = 2. 929 6 x + 134. 28( R2= 0. 83). The study results not only prove that mudstone has plastic and sealing capability at certain buried depth,but also provide quantitative evaluation parameters of brittle- ductile transition and break limit condition of cap rock,which lay the foundation for quantitative evaluation on cap rock effectiveness.


The development trend of electronic substrate glass is larger, thinner and more uniform, the traditional thickness measurement method can not meet the process control needs, this paper develops an online non-destructive optical confocal measurement device from the perspective of detection method, probe selection, thickness detection model. It can realize high-precision, non-destructive and fast online thickness detection. It can be widely used in plate glass thickness detection.


The paper introduces the contents of reservoir information database,explains the sense of establishing information database of reservoir and the application prospect in danger-removing and consolidating of reservoir


In 1812 the creation of a public library was proposed for the encouragement of education and national culture. This was eventually to become the National Library of Chile. Its first Director, Manuel de Salas, was the author of the legal deposit law. For the first 100 years the library held the dual character of central collection library and public library. Gradually its public library functions were transferred to other bodies, under the administrative and technical control of the National Coordination of Public Libraries, which reports to the Director of the National Library. As it grew in importance and volume over the years, the library moved three times. The present building, begun in 1913, was completed in 1963, with some additional alterations in 1980 and 1981. The creation of the Office of Libraries, Archives and Museums in 1929 made possible an integrated policy for conserving, safeguarding and disseminating the national cultural heritage. The application of computer systems to bibliographic processes – notably the NOTIS system – has led to national network of bibliographic information (RENIB) that now includes academic and public libraries, the Library of Congress of Chile, and other documentation centres.


Breast cancer (BC), one of the most common cancers, is a leading cause of death for women in the United States. An estimated 1 in 8 women in the United States will develop BC in their lifetime. Early diagnosis and treatment of BC is crucial, and protein biomarkers for this disease could make this possible. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomic methods are ideal for the investigation of protein biomarkers. This study employs MS‐based proteomics to study the protein differences in human breast milk from women with BC and matched controls. If significant protein dysregulations are revealed, they could be considered potential future protein biomarkers of BC for diagnosis and treatment. In this study, six human breast milk samples were analyzed by performing a 2D‐SDS‐PAGE and further analyzed via nanoLC‐MS/MS. The human breast milk samples consisted of three comparison pairs of BC vs. control. There were one Coomassie blue‐stained gel (6 total gels) and two replicate silver‐stained gels (12 total gels) for each sample of breast milk. The silver‐stained gels were scanned using a laser densitometer and the images were analyzed using Progenesis Same Spots and Progenesis PG240 software. The spot percentages were measured for each dysregulated spot., An in‐gel trypsin digestion was performed for each spot with statistically significant dysregulation. This was followed by nanoLC‐MS/MS, data processing, database search and statistical analysis. The dysregulated proteins found in this study can be investigated as BC biomarkers for future clinical methods for early diagnosis and treatment of BC.


A promising chemoselective oxidation of benzylic alcohols has been achieved by using Fremy's salt under phase-transfer conditions. Allylic and saturated alcohols were recovered unchanged.


The scar process is a biological phenomenon which is automatically and immediately put to action by the organism as soon as there is a physical damage of some tissue except nervous cells. Many scarring products whose efficacity is well known, but there are sometimes some therapeutics failures. We have tried to evaluate scarring properties of a traditionnal onguent used in Constantine region, on excision wounds in rats. The study has been carried out on three groups of rats separately. The first one is treated (RTT) with the tested onguent, the second one will have no treatment and will serve as a negative witness (RT-), and the third one will receive a daily officinal vaseline application and will represent the positive witness (RT+) . The evaluation of scars is done by a planimetric study. Mensurations are done every three days during a period of fifteen (15) days. The traditionnal onguent has shown a positive action on scars with a very important concentration, and which become quicker between the 6th and the 12th day, to reach 93.7% of the initial surface on the 15th day for the part treated; against 84% and 85% respectively for positive and negative witness parts. It seems then, that the traditionnal onguent has an evident scarring activity that has a close link with its well known efficacity in popular medicine of its original region.


Background: Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence is 15.9 percent among American Indian and Alaska Native adults served by the U.S. Indian Health Service, the highest among all U.S. racial and ethnic groups. From years 2000-2009,Northern Plains tribal communities also experienced the highest age-adjusted diabetes death rate across all Indian Health Service regions, exceeding the national rate for American Indians and Alaska Natives by almost 50 percent. While there has been considerable development of strategies to reduce diabetes risk factors in the American Indian and Alaska Native population, additional evidence is warranted of their effectiveness when directed by the tribal communities themselves. Theory and methods: The proposed Tribal Participatory Chronic Care Model (TP-CCM) is an approach integrating fundamental aspects of Tribally-Directed Participatory Research and the Chronic Care Model. Tribal members inform adaptations to the community, health system, selfmanagement support, delivery system design, decision support and clinical information systems components of the traditional Chronic Care Model to foster productive interaction between tribal entities and a public health care system. The Wind River Alliance to Reduce Diabetes Disparities program integrated various patient-level, provider-level and system-level interventions using the TP-CCM and targeted barriers to diabetes management on Wind River Indian Reservation. Results: The TP-CCM improved dietary behavior, clinical endpoints and self-management support at the patient-level; cultural competency and health care delivery at the provider-level; and collaboration, referral processes and shared clinical information between tribal government and federal government health systems. Conclusions: The Wind River Alliance to Reduce Diabetes Disparities program provides encouraging preliminary evidence that the TP-CCM can serve as a structured community-clinical approach to support tribal communities with high chronic disease prevalence.


Dr. Robert Heath, former chairman and founder of the combined Department of Psychiatry and Neurology of the Tulane Medical School, died September 24, 1999, at his home in Florida, of intractable heart failure. Dr. Heath infused the department with his philosophy that the disciplines of psychiatry and neurology had an inherent unity that could and should not be divided. He believed that the brain is the organ of behavior and that human behavior is a consequence of CNS activity. During the 1940s and 1950s, the discipline of psychiatry was primarily concerned with classifying disordered behavior and psychoanalysis was its most effective treatment. Dr. Heath maintained that an adequate understanding of mental illness would be found in altered brain neurochemistry and neurophysiology, and that appropriate treatment would be based on this foundation. During the …


Regardless of their particular field of practice, social workers increasingly serve the growing population of older adults in the United States. This article describes the process of integrating an experiential component into a Baccalaureate Social Work (BSW) course involving 75 BSW students. Reflections on the strengths and challenges during 3 years of the course and a successful sustainability strategy are discussed. Three methods of curriculum infusion were added to a required course: (a) guest speakers, (b) required volunteer hours, and (c) written reflections and class presentations. We discovered that students' attitudes toward working with older adults were changed following their experience in this course. Cognizant of the difficulty introducing additional hours and content to a full course agenda, we advocate for curriculum change that includes an experiential component together with classroom discussion and activities. We provide details of our process of implementation and sustainability that might help guide similar course adaptations to increase BSW student exposure to working with older adults.


Real time magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry provides continuous temperature mapping inside the human body and allows precise monitor and control of thermal therapies.


In this article we present a new approach to the numerical valuation of derivative securities. The method is based on our previous work where we formulated the theory of pricing in terms of tradables. The basic idea is to (cid:12)t a (cid:12)nite di(cid:11)erence scheme to exact solutions of the pricing PDE. This can be done in a very elegant way, due to the fact that in our tradable based formulation there appear no drift terms in the PDE. We construct a mixed scheme based on this idea and apply it to price various types of arithmetic Asian options, as well as plain vanilla options (both european and american style) on stocks paying known cash dividends. We (cid:12)nd prices which are accurate to (cid:24) 0 : 1% in about 10ms on a Pentium 233MHz computer and to (cid:24) 0 : 001% in a second. The scheme can also be used for market conform pricing, by (cid:12)tting it to observed option prices. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classi(cid:12)cation : 91B24, 60H10, 58J35, 58J70. Note Work carried under project MAS3.1 \Mathematical (cid:12)nance". The research of C.D.D. Neumann was partially supported by the SWON-program \Financial derivatives".


Despite two ceasefires, thousands of lives lost and over a million and a half civilians displaced, fighting continues in South Sudan, pitting government troops against opposition forces. The latest ceasefire — the second since violence erupted in December last year — was signed in May between President Salva Kiir and his former deputy, Riek Machar.


Copper iron composite oxides (CuO/Fe2O3) and copper cobalt composite oxides (CuO/Co3O4) for the catalytic reduction of NO with CO at low temperature were prepared by co-precipitation. The catalytic activity and thermal stability of the catalysts were evaluated by a microreactor-GC system. The 100% conversion temperatures of NO are 80C for CuO/Fe2O3 and 90C for CuO/Co3O4. The catalysts possess high catalytic activity and favorable thermal stability for NO reduction with CO in a wide temperature range and long time range. A systematic study of the molar ratios of the reactants, the volume of NaOH, aging time, and calcination temperature/time was carried out to investigate the influence preparation conditions on the catalytic activity of the catalysts.


Thank you very much for downloading reading writing and speech problems in children and selected papers. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this reading writing and speech problems in children and selected papers, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


【Objective】To investigate the expression profile of SH2-B in colon carcinogenesis and analyze the relationship of SH2-B expression and colon cancer clinical stages or metastasis.【Methods】Using immunohistochemistry assay,SH2-B expression was detected in 69 cases of colon cancer,including 11 cases of stage Ⅰ,22 of stage Ⅱ,19 of stage Ⅲ and 17 of stage Ⅳ,27 of colonic adenomas,29 of colonic polyps and 38 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The relationship of SH2-B expression and colon cancer clinic was analyzed.【Results】SH2-B expressed in cytoplast and cytoplasm of colonic polyps,colonic adenoma and colon cancer tissues,mainly located in cytoplasm.The positive rate was 31% in colon polyps(9/29),52% in colonic adenoma(14/27),and 93% in colon cancer tissue(27/29).Positive cell rate in colon cancer tissues(0.64 ±0.26) was significantly higher than that in colon polyps(0.12±0.21) and colon adenoma tissues(0.26±0.27)(P 0.001),colonic adenomas was significantly higher than colon polyps(P 0.05).The positive rates of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were 18.2 %(2/11),45.4 %(10/22),57.9%(11/19) and 82.3%(14/17),respectively.SH2-B gradually increased along with stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ.SH2-B expression was associated with clinic stages.The positive rates of metastasis and no metastasis were respectively 23.5%(8/34) and 45.7%(16/35),the positive rate was higher in metastasis than no metastasis(P 0.05).【Conclusion】SH2-B expression gradually increased in colon carcinogenesis.This implies that SH2-B over-expression is an early event.It is also associated with colon cancer clinical stages,and might involve in colon cancer metastasis.


The purpose of this study is to understand consumer needs through emotion on character T-shirts. Study results suggest the basis for planning effective designs of character T-shirts. The results were summarized as follows: Emotion factors such as complex and arousal occupied 64.0% of the total. The types of the character T-shirts were clustered as four groups. The four types showed significant differences in all emotion factors. Complex emotion indicated its highest and lowest scores in types 4 and 2, respectively; and arousal emotion in types 2 and 3, respectively. As for the relation of consumption sensibility to emotions, three consumption sensibilities were related to all eight emotional adjectives. In the demographical aspect of emotions and consumption sensibilities, significant differences were found in age, gender, job and education. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as criteria improving emotions and consumption sensibility of character T-shirts. Especially, enhanced comsumption sensibility can be expected by the elimination of texts and the use of preferred character actions and vivid warm colors.


In this paper, Mindlin's second strain gradient theory is formulated and presented in an arbitrary orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. Equilibrium equations, generalized stress-strain constitutive relations, components of the strain tensor and their first and second gradients, and the expressions for three different types of traction boundary conditions are derived in any orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. Subsequently, for demonstration, Mindlin's second strain gradient theory is represented in the spherical coordinate system as a highly-practical coordinate system in nanomechanics. Second strain gradient elasticity have been developed mainly for its ability to capture the surface effects in the presence of micro-/nanostructures. As a numeric illustration of the theory, the surface relaxation of spherical domains in Mindlin's second strain gradient theory is considered and compared with that in the framework of Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity. It is observed that Mindlin's second strain ∗Corresponding author Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com (Farzaneh Ojaghnezhad) Preprint submitted to Elsevier September 27, 2018 Preprint of Farzaneh Ojaghnezhad, Hossein M. Shodja, Second strain gradient theory in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates: Prediction of the relaxation of a solid nanosphere and embedded spherical nanocavity, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Volume 76, 2019, Pages 669-698, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.06.021.


The performance of the optical orthogonal code-division multiple-access system using optical hardlimiter(s) with p.i.n photodetector and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) to overcome losses is investigated using saddlepoint approximation, an accurate method for computing small errors. It shows that, with optical hardlimiter(s), the system performance considering EDFA and p.i.n noise could be significantly improved. Remarkably, while the system with single optical hardlimiter is even more sensitive to parameter settings like amplifier gain, detector threshold than the system without optical hardlimiter, the one with double optical hardlimiters allows us to have a wide range to select such parameters with the same conditions.


Abstract Reports from the United States have linked fluoxetine with suicidality. As a result, litigation is pending, and the matter has recieved much media attention. There is no acceptable evidence to support the hypothesis that fluoxetine promotes suicide.


The seismic response of rock slopes is closely related to the dynamic characteristics of earthquakes. In this study, based on a numerical model of rock slopes with bolt support, the seismic responses of both anchored and unanchored rock slopes under different seismic waves are calculated. The results show that a "cumulative effect" of the relative permanent displacement of the slope is generated during seismic action, and it is found that the permanent displacement of the slope is caused by larger earthquake accelerations. The dynamic responses of an anchored slope are analyzed in terms of the wave type, frequency, amplitude, and duration and are compared with those of an unanchored rock slope. This comparison suggests that the nominal shear strain increases with the amplitude and duration, which decreases as frequency increases. The axial force is directly related to the surrounding rock strain. The maximum axial force of the bolt is near the rock interface, which shows that the structural plane of the slope plays a dominant role in the seismic response. The seismic waves are random, whereas the structural plane of the rock slope is certain. The seismic response characteristics of the slope under different earthquake conditions are similar, and the dynamic stability of the slope can be attributed to the structural analysis of the rock slope.


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I am pleased to contribute to this special issue of Canadian Family Physician which highlights and honours Canada's many contributions to global development.

Ensuring good health for the world's population is a key component to laying the foundation for sustainable social,


Objective: Prognosis of metastatic gastric cancer is poor and median survival is between 3 and 5 months. Response rates of combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin in first-line treatment have been found to be 20–25% in the English literature. It has been demonstrated that adding docetaxel to combination chemotherapy improved time to progression and overall survival. However, the toxicity rates of the docetaxel-cisplatin-5-FU protocol were high. In our study we compared efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin-5-FU-folinic acid (CFF) and modified docetaxel-cisplatin-5-FU (mDCF) regimens in the first-line treatment of metastatic gastric cancer. Patients and Methods: Between June 2004 and October 2008, 70 patients with previously untreated metastatic gastric cancer treated with CFF (n = 30) and mDCF (n = 40) were retrospectively evaluated in the study. Survival and toxicity data were compared. Results: Median age of the patients was 53 years (range 23–69). Forty-eight percent of the patients were male and 75.7% had an ECOG performance status of 0–1. Prognostic factors including age, ECOG performance status, histopathological grade, and number and sites of metastases were similar between the groups. Objective response rates (complete and partial response) were higher in the mDCF group (30.0 vs. 13.3%, p = 0.19). While toxicity was acceptable in both groups, the most common grade 3–4 toxicities were anemia in 3.3 and 5.0%, neutropenia in 20 and 7.5%, febrile neutropenia in 6.7 and 5.0%, and diarrhea in 3.3 and 5.0% in the CFF and mDCF groups, respectively. Median follow-up was 10.3 (1.5–59.6) months. During that period 90 and 97.5% of the patients were dead in the CFF and mDCF groups, respectively. Median time to progression was 4.4 (95% CI 1.8–7.0) and 6.2 months (95% CI 5.6–6.8) (p = 0.85), median overall survival was 6.5 (95% CI 1.8–11.2) and 8.7 months (95% CI 6.7–10.7) (p = 0.88) in the CFF and mDCF groups, respectively. Conclusion: The mDCF regimen has been found to be more favorable than the CFF regimen with an acceptable toxicity profile in the first-line treatment of metastatic gastric cancer.


The media habits of young people are radically different from younger, but especially, older age groups. In this conceptual article, we take a closer look at the concept of "media generation", and discuss whether it makes sense to talk about young people as a distinct media generation. Furthermore, we shed light on different approaches to the concept of generation and discuss whether today's youth can be described as "globally native" and a "lost generation" for Norwegian media, respectively.


ABSTRACT Suburban forest tourism is becoming the primary type of tourism throughout China. Unfortunately, little research on the interaction between forest landscape elements and eye movement behavior under audio-visual integrated conditions exists. Relevant audio-visual materials were collected from a field investigation in national forest parks in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, China. Based on these data, eye-tracking experiments were conducted to investigate participants' visual attention in audio-visual integrated conditions. The results revealed that participants' attention areas under silent conditions were smaller than those under audio-visual integrated conditions. Bird twittering, insect chirping, and water flowing tended to expand the visual attention areas on immediate woody plants, humans and traffic sounds tended to expand the visual attention areas on buildings and structures, whereas domestic animal sounds promoted larger attention areas on herbaceous plants. In addition, the landscape elements affecting participants' eye tracker indicators and subjective evaluation indicators were different in different acoustic environments. Therefore, the relationships between landscape elements and tourists' perceptual evaluation needs to be examined in different situations.


By obtaining the NS1 genes of dengue virus and expressing it in Sf9 cell,to study the antigenicity and establish the basis for developing the diagnosis kit.The NS1 cDNA was amplified with RT-PCR and cloned into the transfer plasmid pFastBac-HTA,then the recombianat transfer plasmid pFastBac-NS1 was transformed into DH10Bac competent cells.The recombinant transposition rBacmid-NS1 was obstained by screening of white plaque and was identified by PCR.After the rBacmid-NS1 transfected into Sf9 cells,the recombinant baculovirus rBV-NS1 was harvested.The SDS-PAGE and Western blot showed the NS1 gene was well expressed,and the expressed product had antigenicity.The stable expression of this protein and the analysis of its antigenic specificity provide the foundation to develop the diagnostidc kit for dengue virus.


Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis) reportedly occurs more often in HIV-infected patients than in the general population. To evaluate risk factors and outcomes in these patients, investigators reviewed data from all osteonecrosis cases diagnosed at 19 HIV clinics in southeastern Spain from 1990 through 2003.

A total of 54 symptomatic cases of osteonecrosis were identified, for …


Athetis lepigone has been recorded in many countries in Europe and Asia, but it had never been documented as an agricultural pest until 2005. For the purpose of using the sex pheromone to control this pest, we conducted a study to identify the sex pheromone of A. lepigone by gas chromatography with an electroantennographic detector (GC‐EAD) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. Three pheromone candidates were detected by GC‐EAD analysis in the extracts of the female sex pheromone gland, and two candidates were identified as (Z)‐7‐dodecenyl acetate (Z7‐12:OAc) and (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z9‐14:OAc) in a ratio of 1:5 by mass spectral analysis of natural pheromone components and dimethyl disulphide adducts. In the field male trapping test, the traps baited with the binary blend captured high number of males, while traps with single component hardly caught males, indicating that the two components are essential for the male attractiveness. In addition, the optimum ratios of Z7‐12:OAc and Z9‐14:OAc were determined as 3:7–7:3, and the best doses for the binary blend (at ratio of 3:7 between Z7‐12:OAc and Z9‐14:OAc) were 0.25–0.5 mg/trap, based on the number of male catches. The identification of a highly attractive sex pheromone will help in developing efficient strategies for monitoring and control of A. lepigone.


The city of Pittsburg constitutes an independent school district. It is divided into thirty-nine sub-districts, which are generally, though not in all cases, coincident in area with the thirty-eight municipal wards. Each sub-district is administered by a board of six directors, two of whom are elected annually. This board is empowered to levy a local tax; to elect teachers; to purchase grounds; to erect school buildings; to provide school equipments; to employ janitors; to perform all duties necessary for the maintenance of the schools, except paying teachers and providing pupils with text-books, stationery, etc. The Central Board of Education is composed of thirty-nine members, one elected every three years by each of the sub-district boards, who may or may not be a member of the sub-district board. It is empowered to fix and pay the salaries of all teachers; adopt the course of study for all schools; has entire control of the high school; establishes and maintains manual training and other auxiliary schools; supplies free books, stationery, etc., to all pupils; makes its own estimate of annual expenses, which is submitted to the City Councils and must become part of the general municipal budget. The superintendent of schools is the professional head of the school system. He is elected every three years by the sub-district directors. The director of high schools is at the head of the high school. He is elected annually by the Central Board. A principal, elected by the directors of each subdistrict, is at the head of the schools of each sub-district. Assistant principals


Self‐trapped excitons (STEs), proved to be the major source of white‐light emission in 2D metal halide perovskites (MHPs) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, have aroused intense interest in photovoltaic and photoelectric applications. Nevertheless, the intrinsic mechanisms of STEs in these vdW heterostructures are still ambiguous. Herein, the binding energy correction Δ E B of a STE stemming from the exciton–phonon coupling in MHPs vdW heterostructures based on the Pollmann–Büttner model is studied. It is found that there are two types of STEs with Δ E B > 0 and Δ E B < 0 . The corresponding nuclear coordinate diagrams are given to explain the differences between them and why the STEs with Δ E B < 0 are hard to be observed in experiments. The phase transition between two types of STEs can be achieved by regulating the structural parameters, such as the vertical distance between the encapsulation layers, the position of the monolayer MHP in the heterostructure as well as replacing the encapsulation materials. The theoretical results provide important insights into the analysis and modulation of STEs in 2D vdW heterostructures.


The central challenge is to simulate the time-accurate aeroelastic coupling of the flexible aircraft body with a non-linear aerodynamic solver in guided or free-to-roll manoeuvres. The approach described in this paper is one of two investigated variants in the DLR project SikMa and is characterized by the use of a multibody system (MBS) to account for the elastic structure as well as the flight mechanics and its loose coupling to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The exchanged data is interpolated with a general mesh coupling tool and transferred through an internet socket allowing a distributed computational environment. The initial test applications are coupled simulations of the manoeuvring elastic wind tunnel model of a generic delta wing in guided motion.


Developing novel absorbent materials with both rapid absorption speed and efficient recovery of viscous crude oils presents an enticing prospect for crude cleanup and utilization. Herein, a strategy to synergistically...


We give a simplified and more algebraic proof of the finiteness of the families of Calabi-Yau n-folds with non-vanishing of Yukawa-coupling over a fixed base curve and with fixed degeneration locus. We also give a generalization of this result. Our method is variation of Hodge structure and poly-stability of Higgs bundles.


Abstract The geographical distribution of firn temperature, annual accumulation rate as well as deuterium and oxygen-18 content in the firn were determined along an east-west transect through central Greenland. This study is based on isotopic and chemical analyses of shallow firn cores at 18 sites along the EGIG line and high-precision firn-temperature measurements m 17 steam-drilled boreholes along the eastern part of the transect. The firn temperatures at 15 m depth range from -31.6°C at Dome GRIP (3230 m a.s.l.) to -11.4°C at Caecilia Nunatak (eastern ice margin at 1600 m a.sl.) and -18°C at T05 (near the western ice margin at 1900 m a.s.l.). The temperature/altitude gradient changes from -0.7°C (100 m)−1 in the ice divide region to -1.1 °C (100 m)−1 in the eastern part of the dry-snow zone. The temperature/latitude gradient in the central part of the EGIG line is -0.7° C lat−1 The average annual accumulation decreases significantly from the west (~47 cm a−1 water equivalent at T05) towards the ice divide (20–25 cm a−1 water equivalent from T99 to T43). Accumulation rates are constantly low east of the ice divide (−23–17 cm a−1 water equivalent), thus dividing central Greenland into two climatologically different regions. The average δ18O and δD values along the whole EGIG line reflect the well-known temperature-dependence for Greenland very well (e.g. ∂18O/∂T m = 0.69%ₒ °C–1 Different regression lines for the western and eastern part, however, should be applied. Unlike the mean annual temperature, the isotopic minimum along the EGIG line lies east of the ice divide. This geographical distribution supports the choice of different water-vapour trajectories in central Greenland for the west and for the east. Significant parts of the water precipitated over the western slope are attributed to cyclonic systems entering Greenland from the west. The deuterium excess shows no significant geographical trend but a uniform seasonal variation at all sites along the EGIG line, suggesting equal contributions from vapour-source areas of the water precipitated over central Greenland.


Fish composition and diversity in the Oujiang estuary was studied here based on the data from two oceanographic surveys in June and September of 2007.The spatial-temporal distribution of fish richness and diversity(H'),which was influenced by factors such as topography and geomorphy,water masses,and hydrological features,was also discussed here.Results showed that among 64 species that were identified,16 species were temperate warm water species,and the rest 48 species were warm water species.Pennahia argentatus was the key species in June,and Harpodon nehereus was the key species in September.More species inhabited in the water passage between islands than in other waters.The distribution pattern of diversity(H')showed that high values lay in the water passages around islands.On the other hand,the diversity(H')in the east area was clearly lower than that in the west,which was due to the diversified marine topography,geomorphy,deposit and hydrological factors near the islands.The dominant species,Pennahia argentatus in June and Harpodon nehereus in September,mostly distributed in the outer area of islands,was the main reason for the low fish diversity(H')there.Low richness was the subordinate factor.Seasonal and regional Oujiang freshwater and Taiwan current were critical factors that affected the fish diversity in this area.The species richness was higher in September than that in June because some species migrate to wintering ground in offshore waters off the estuary.


This paper presents a channel characterisation for Body-to-Body communications. Starting from indoor real-time measurements at 2.45 GHz, the radio channel was modeled, both in Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions, through a mean channel gain component plus a fading contribution, the latter arising from the body movements. The body shadowing effect was also evaluated considering the orientation of one human body with respect to another one. Two different antennas were employed in the measurements, to assess their impact on the radio channel characteristics.


The crystal structure of cadmium bis(isopropylxanthate)-4,4?-bipyridine [Cd(ipxa)2(4,4?bipy)] has been determined. Crystals of the title compound are orthorhombic, P21212 (D3/2, No. 18), a 14.812(3), b 12.993(2), c 12.028(2) A, Z 4. The structure consists of Cd(ipxa)2 units linked by 4,4′-bipyridine ligands to form linear polymeric chains which extend in the c-direction.


PurposeNowadays, cloud platforms are used in many fields, including e-commerce, web applications, data storage, healthcare, gaming, mobile social networks, etc. However, security and privacy are still two significant concerns in this area. The target of this paper is to present a system for trust management in industrial cloud computing using the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach. MCDM techniques have been developed to accommodate a wide range of applications. As a result, hundreds of approaches have been generated with even minor variations on current approaches spawning new study fields.Design/methodology/approachCloud computing provides a fully scalable, accessible and flexible computing platform for various applications. Due to the multiple applications that cloud computing has found in numerous life features, users and providers have considered providing security in cloud communications. Due to its distributive nature, dynamic space and lack of transparency in performing cloud computing, it faces many challenges in providing security. For security improvement, trust management can play a very influential role. This paper proposes a generic analytical methodology that uses a series of assessment criteria to evaluate current trust management testing prototypes in industrial cloud computing and related fields. The authors utilize a MCDM approach in the present article. Due to the multi-dimensionality of the sustainability objective and the complexities of socio-economic and biophysical processes, MCDM approaches have become progressively common in decision-making for sustainable energy.FindingsThe results of comparing and evaluating the performance of this model show its ability to manage trust and the ability to adapt to changes in the behavior of service providers quickly. Using a simulation, all results are confirmed. The results of simulations and evaluation of the present paper indicate that the proposed model provides a more accurate evaluation of the credibility of cloud service providers than other models.Practical implicationsThe number of cloud services and customers is vast and extremely competitive in cloud environments, where novel cloud services and customers can join at any time, while others can withdraw whenever they want. Because of cloud services' highly dynamic and dispersed design, trust management mechanisms must be highly flexible to obtain feedback and update trust outcomes as quickly as possible. The model presented in this article tries to improve users' trust in the cloud industry.Originality/valueUsing a method (MCDM) to find the best trust management solution based on user experience in industrial cloud computing is the novelty of this paper.


Compared in media and reviews to figures like Forrest Gump, John Nash (A Beautiful Mind), and Steven Spielberg, Greg Forbes Siegman has learned to use a brain that functions differently to build bridges between people who are different.


Web application vulnerability scanners cannot detect business logic vulnerabilities (vulnerabilities related to logic) because they are not able to understand business logic of the web application. In order to identify business logic of the web application, this paper presents BLProM, the black box approach that identifies business processes of the web application. Detecting business processes of the web applications can be used in dynamic security testing to determine business logic vulnerabilities in the web applications. BLProM first extracts navigation graph of the web application then identifies business processes from the navigation graph. The evaluation conducted on three well-known open source web applications shows that BLProM is able to detect business logic processes. Experimental results show that BLProM improves web application scanning because it clusters web application pages and prevent scanning similar pages. The proposed approach is compared to OWASP ZAP, an open source web scanner. We show that BLProM improves web application scanning about % 96.


Schinus molle is an arborescent plant that is common in North Africa. It has insecticidal and pharmaceutical activities that are assigned to some active compounds. Harmel is a cosmopolitan species extensively distributed in the world and very common in Algeria especially in the Sahara. This plant is very rich in alkaloids of the β-carbolines group of which most important are harmine. It has pharmaceutical and agrochemical virtues. Endophytic fungi were isolated from aerial part (leaves and fruits) of Peruvian peppertree ( S. molle L.) Anacardiaceae and for the first time of the Harmel ( Peganum harmala L.) Tetradiclidaceae.Twenty three mycotaxa were identified whose eleven isolated from S. molle and twelve isolated from the second plant. The vast majority are included in mitosporic group (Deuteromycota). The frequency of colonization or infection (FC%) at leaves of the two plants species is significant comparatively to the fruits.


Abstract As the staple food of England for more than a millennium, bread naturally played a prominent role in English life across the period. The many forms of breads acquired a variety of cultural meanings, some of them extraordinarily long-lived. One of the most perennial types of bread is the subject of this study: miniature round flatbread, the secular, home-produced equivalent of the Eucharist and a potent bearer of cultural meaning for nearly a thousand years. This article traces the long life of this bread-form from its beginnings in early medieval Europe, through centuries which saw its meaning remain remarkably constant, and into recent times. The article focuses on the role of these life-bestowing tiny breads in Britain, with a nod to closely related forms on the Continent. Surveying the long reach of tiny bread reveals the continuing potency of bread, ritual, and miniaturization. It raises the question: why did these ceremonial breads appear in a tiny form? This article concludes by exploring the force of tininess.


The idea for this article occurred near the end of a closely fought basketball game at the University of Hartford. "Was there," one of the authors wondered, "a way to know the eventual winner at that moment and thus spare him the nail-biting moments he had endured in the past?" In other words, where was Red Auerbach when we needed him? Longtime followers of the Boston Celtics may recall a practice of their brilliant, but controversial, former coach. While sitting on the bench late in a game, Auerbach would ceremoniously reach into his coat pocket, take out a cigar, and slowly light it as a signal that his team was assured a victory. As far as anyone can recall, including veteran Boston sportswriters, Auerbach was never wrong, mainly because he didn't light up until the Celtics held a substantial lead with little time to play. Consequently, the cigar did, indeed, signal a 'sure bet.' While gamblers dream about a sure bet, we provide the next best thing— easy to apply tests that predict, with surprisingly high probability, the winner of a basketball game before it ends.


An approach is introduced for building accurate and compact color look‐up tables (CLUTs) to describe the colorimetric performance of liquid crystal display (LCD) devices. In an experiment, a novel analysis technique was found to be useful in guiding the choice of samples used in the building of the CLUT. The experiment demonstrated that an 8×8×8 CLUT produced through the new sampling method delivered comparable results to an 18×18×18 made from a different sampling technique. The technique will allow for future automation of choosing optimal samples for building LCD CLUTs.


Incidents of bias still occur in college classrooms, but no research has specifically explored this topic. To address this gap in the literature, professors (N = 333) completed anonymous surveys assessing types of bias they perceived in their classroom, their responses to the bias, and the perceived success of their responses. Results indicated that 38% of professors perceived an incident of bias in the classroom in the last year, and that they perceived overt (i.e., explicit) and subtle (i.e., implicit) bias with similar frequency. Professors believed their responses to bias were successful on average, but many could not assess success. Bias, in all its forms, still exists in college classrooms, and more discussion and research about its management is necessary.


With the improvement of the microcomputer's performance in calculating speed and memory capacity etc, it becomes possible to have numerical value simulation calculation in small oil storage by computer. A 3 dimensional 3 phase numerical simulation model in cylindrical coordinate system for single well is established. Based on the model, a numerical simulation program for single well is written.


Community lactating systems offer a number of potential welfare benefits to the sow and her litter. However, giving the sow greater freedom of movement and choice of environments also has potential risks. With less restriction, the maternal qualities of the sow will have a greater influence on the survival and growth of her litter. The objectives of this experiment were to determine what behaviours of the sow influenced piglet mortality in an open communal farrowing system


The Canadian Tax Foundation was established four years ago by the joint action of the Dominion Association of Chartered Accountants and the Canadian Bar Association. The author believes the Foundation's objectives are important given increasing taxation and the prospect of Canada's economy moving to near-war footing. Those objectives are therefore set out and reviewed, and it is argued that their successful accomplishment is a direct interest and responsibility of the legal profession. The benefits to the profession are also canvassed, as are the benefits to corporations, individuals and government.


ABSTRACT

Muhammad Iqbal Habie, 2014; The Influence of the Prices of Tobacco and Per Capita Income Against Tobacco Consumption in DKI Jakarta in 20032013. Faculty Mentors and Lectures;
Dra. Endang Sri Rahayu. M. Pd and Dr. Siti Nurjanah, S.E., M.Si.

This research aims to analyze the influence of tobacco prices and percapita income against

 tobacco consumption in DKI Jakarta. As for the data
used in this research are the secondary, with time series data from 2003 to 2013
in the quarter gained from the Central Bureau of statistics, the Ministry of
agriculture and Ministry of Health Reports about tobacco. Research
methods using quadratic regression method called OLS. Data analysis techniques
used in this research is to use multiple regression analysis model using
the software SPSS 16.0, the
output shows thathepricesof tobacco(X1) andincome percapita (X2) each influenti
al negative andpositive and significantly to tobacco consumption (Y) in
Indonesia. Test results of F with attention to their significance value = 0.000 then
it can be said to be 0.05 < simultaneous per-capita income of tobacco
prices and significant effect on a = 5% against the consumption of tobacco in DKI
Jakarta. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2) acquired for 0,968
has a sense that changes in tobacco consumption can be explained by changes in
prices and income per-capita tobacco of 96.8% while the rest is explained by
other factors that do not exist in the model for this research.

Keywords: Tobacco Consumption, The Price Of Tobacco, Per-Capita Income


I. INTRODUCTION Corn ethanol is one of the fastest growing industries in the United States, with production growing from about 175 million gallons in the early 1980s to almost 6.5 billion gallons in 2007. (1) This remarkable growth rate has benefited farmers by pushing corn and other agricultural commodity prices to near-record highs (2) and has stimulated economic activity in rural areas. Besides benefiting the farm sector, many U.S consumers find ethanol appealing for its environmental attributes and because it is made from domestic resources, not imported oil from the Middle East. However, ethanol is beginning to draw attention from critics arguing that using corn for ethanol is driving up world food prices and that further growth could result in land use expansion (e.g., cultivating land in rain forests) that would be harmful to the environment. (3) There are other factors behind ethanol's remarkable growth rate, but the ethanol industry owes much of its success to government policies and regulations. The early development of the U.S. ethanol industry was sparked by government policy; the recent expansion in ethanol plant capacity can be directly linked to government regulations; and the future of ethanol will greatly depend on continued government support. The three primary motivations behind government support for ethanol are environmental, energy independence, and rural development. Ethanol initially entered the U.S. fuel market as a replacement for lead additives to gasoline, which were being phased out by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) during the 1970s. (4) The 1970s was also a time of gasoline shortages caused by political unrest in the Middle East, and for the first time policymakers began to think about alternatives to petroleum fuel. Policymakers began to look to the U.S. agricultural sector as a source of energy supply, which had the ability to turn corn and other crops into renewable fuels. There was also interest in creating a new market for farmers who suffered from persistently low commodity prices caused by frequent crop surpluses. (5) While ethanol has many desirable characteristics, it often has a higher production cost compared to gasoline. (6) In addition, the potential supply of ethanol made from corn is very limited relative to the size of the gasoline market, (7) so ethanol has primarily been used in the United States as a fuel additive that is blended with gasoline at a level between five and ten percent. Because of its high octane and oxygen content, ethanol began to establish a role as an octane additive to replace lead in gasoline in the late 1970s. (8) In order to encourage more investment in the fledgling ethanol industry, ethanol production received its first tax credit in 1978. (9) Ethanol advocates argued that government support for ethanol was justified because it provided public benefits in terms of reduced air pollution, enhanced energy security, and economic growth in rural areas. Since the private sector generally lacks direct price incentives to provide public goods, (10) it is the government's role to provide energy security, a clean environment, and economic opportunity to all citizens. Government support for increasing energy production and developing an energy infrastructure has a long history in the United States. As early as 1902, the Reclamation Act provided hydroelectric power in many areas of the West. (11) The Tennessee Valley Authority increased energy production in the Mid-South. (12) The Rural Electrification Act of 1936 helped finance rural electrification. (13) The early development of the U.S. oil and gas industries benefited from federal energy tax policies that encouraged increasing domestic oil and gas reserves and production. (14) The purpose of this paper is fourfold: (1) to provide a comprehensive review of ethanol policy over past thirty years; (2) to describe the convergence of energy policy with agricultural policy via the enactment of the 2002 Farm Bill; (15) (3) to review new and proposed energy legislation aimed at increasing ethanol production; and (4) to look at the effect ethanol policy has had on ethanol production, energy security, agricultural and energy markets, and the environment. …


This report examines whether the prevalence of household food insecurity, and the association between SNAP and household food insecurity, differ depending on whether a household lives in an urban or rural area.


Transistors having bases from 90 to 220 mils wide, with the base contact placed near the collector, have shown marked current gain increases with current, peaking at values from 0.1 to 0.3. This effect is due to drift of the injected carriers in the base electric field set up by the emitter current. If the base contact is placed near the emitter, only very small values of α are obtained. Germanium p-n-p-n diode and triode switches were made to operate primarily on the base field mechanism. They had one very wide (p-type) and one very narrow (n-type) base. The base contact for the switching triode may be placed either on the wide base but near the narrow base, or on the narrow base. In the latter case, much less current is required to switch the device from the high resistance to the high conductance region. When used as n transistor, the dc grounded base current gain of the p-n-p-n triode passes through unity at the turn-off current. A p-n-p-p+ structure, as a component part of the p-n-p-n triode with base contact on the wide base region, is shown to act as a switching diode in much the same way as the germanium p-n-pm unit. When the base contact is made to a narrow base bar-type transistor structure, overlap onto emitter and collector regions often results in a current gain that increases with current. This effect may also be utilized in making p-n-p-n switches.


Jeremiah, a prophet of God who carried out his calling as a prophet by conveying messages received from God. The symbol or symbol used by the prophet Jeremiah in conveying messages that have been received from God, delivered to the recipient: the people of Judah. Three methods of communication were employed: word / verbal, written / printed and gestures, symbols / symbols performed, Jeremiah as a communicator paid attention to who he wanted to convey the message to. As a prophet who brings a message from God is about to bring the people of Judah back to God; Jeremiah warns of the consequences that will occur if they continue to carry out their behavior. They reject the word of God delivered through the prophet. They have abandoned the Lord and worshiped idols, stubbornness and injustice, and improper use of temples and sacrifices. The ten symbols of teaching that are performed are in accordance with the instructions given by God to him


The effect of stiffness or strength degradation, or both, under cyclic loading on the seismic response of single‐degree‐of‐freedom inelastic systems with 5% initial damping is investigated. Rules are proposed to construct inelastic design spectra for these systems (typical of reinforced concrete construction) as a function of the desired displacement (or ductility) ratio. These rules complement those used at present based on the response of simple elasto‐plastic systems without any degradation.


Contents: Preface. J.T. Sowder, Making Sense of Numbers in School Mathematics. K.C. Fuson, Research on Learning and Teaching Addition and Subtraction of Whole Numbers. P. Nesher, Solving Multiplication Word Problems. M. Lampert, Teaching and Learning Long Division for Understanding in School. J. Hiebert, Mathematical, Cognitive, and Instructional Analyses of Decimal Fractions. T.E. Kieren, Rational and Fractional Numbers as Mathematical and Personal Knowledge: Implications for Curriculum and Instruction. L.B. Resnick, From Protoquantities to Operators: Building Mathematical Competence on a Foundation of Everyday Knowledge. M. Rauth, L. Billups, Epilogue.


Higher vocational Schools lack management of quality of practical teaching.To strengthen the management of their quality,a safeguard system needs to be set up for the quality of practical teaching,which includes executing the education notion of taking practical teaching as subject,adopting multiple teaching modes of practical teaching,establishing testing system of practical teaching,constructing scientific managing patterns of supervisors,so as to realize the objective of developing skill-based vocational talents.


The long-term investments are important for pension funds, due to the longevity of their commitments. Most of the investments of these entities are allocated to the fixed-income segment; however, pension funds are identified as potential investors on developments related to innovation for their long-term interests. In September 2009, by Resolution of the National Monetary Council, pension funds were allowed to invest in investment funds in participation private equity funds. These investments are characterized by long-term returns and attractive real gains; nevertheless, these investments are still insignificant compared to traditional markets. In this context, this study aims to understand the difficulties in carrying out longterm investment through intellectual capital and, by the study of a specific case, investigate how this investor has been performed the analysis of this type of investment. To this end, an exploratory study in a mid-sized pension fund was performed through the document analysis, the open-ended and unstructured interviews and the observation of the decision-making process. This Fund is located in the city of Rio de Janeiro and it was chosen by the nonprobabilistc aspect of accessibility. It was identified that is spite of the attractiveness of return on private equity investments, this asset class are still below the regulatory limit, owing to the high risks related to trust, term and autonomy in the decision-making process concerning investment in innovation.


Human progress is frequently described in terms of motion—''to move forward,'' ''to gain ground,'' ''to step ahead,''justtonameafew.Thequintessentialexampleofthis was uttered more than four decades ago, ''That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.'' During the time since, technological advancements in medicine have continuedto''gainspeed.''Developmentsinspinecareincludenew imaging tools, innovative surgical techniques, and percutaneous interventions, a multitude of spine implants and the application of biologics. For the most serious structural diseases, such as infections, tumors, and major deformity, concrete and quantifiable gains have been made, more or less in step with other medical specialties. But for what has become the great majority of spine care, common degenerative conditions,aparadoxexistsinspineresearch.Althoughthetechnology of spine care for those degenerative conditions has


Background Little is known about the association among skin color, sunlight exposure. and vitamin D status in Southeast Asian population. Objective To investigate the association between skin color measured by von Luschan chromatic scale (VLCS) and vitamin D status in Thai medical ambulatory patients. Methods Medical ambulatory patients were enrolled. The eligibility criteria were as follows: aged >18 years, stable medical conditions, and no conditions directly affecting vitamin D status. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were assessed. Skin color at the outer forearm was assessed using VLCS which grades skin color from the lightest score of 1 to the darkest score of 36. Patients were systematically interviewed to estimate daily sunlight exposure time. Results A total of 334 patients were enrolled. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. The mean serum 25(OH)D was 25.21 ± 10.06 ng/mL. There were 17 (5.1%), 217 (65.0%), and 100 (29.9%) patients who had light brown (VLCS score 18–20), medium brown (VLCS score 21–24), and dark brown (VLCS score 25–27) skin colors, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was higher in patients with dark brown skin than in patients with medium brown and light brown skin (28.31 ± 10.34 vs. 24.28 ± 9.57 and 19.43 ± 9.92 ng/mL, respectively, both p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that darker skin color and increased sunlight exposure time were independently associated with decreased odds of vitamin D deficiency (dark brown vs. light brown: odds ratio, 0.263, 95% CI: 0.081–0.851, p=0.026; medium brown vs. light brown: odds ratio, 0.369, 95% CI: 0.987–1.003, p=0.067; sunlight exposure time odds ratio per 1 minute/day increase 0.955, 95% CI: 0.991–1.000, p=0.037), after adjusting for possible confounders. Conclusions We found that darker skin color at sunlight exposure area and increased sunlight exposure time were independently associated with decreased odds of vitamin D deficiency in Thai medical ambulatory patients.