Evidence-based Child Health: 1. Evidence-Based Medicine: what it is, and what it isn't. 2. Evidence-Based Child Health: what it is, and why it should be used. 3. A brief history of EBM.


This social policy review paper, which uses both Bank and other sources, has two purposes. First, to better understand recent developments in the area of social policy, it presents an overview of the major socio-political, and economic changes that have taken place in Hungary, during the past 10-15 years, with emphasis on the causes, and manifestations of poverty. Second, it examines the factors that have led to significant changes in the social policy framework within the country, and assesses the extent to which sectoral initiatives affect the urban poor. This includes an examination of relevant initiatives that have been identified as directly, or indirectly targeted to assist in 'poverty alleviation' and consequently, are intended to contribute to urban poverty reduction. In this research, project social policy is defined holistically and inclusively. Its broad objective is the development of a just, equal and prosperous society. Its concern is more equitable wealth distribution, and poverty reduction through the active participation of different social groups in the satisfaction of both their economic, and social rights. This definition means that not only is it concerned with sectors usually defined as 'social', such as Education, Health, Social Welfare and Social Security, but also includes sectors more commonly identified as 'economic', such as Employment, or 'infrastructure' i.e., Housing, Water, Transportation Infrastructure and Services, and Electricity.


Objective To control rubella outbreak Methods The rubella epidemic broke out in partial in elementary school and high school in Jiaxiang and Yuncheng county in March-April of 2001 The date of rubella Epidemiology and lab were analyzed through testing measles and rubella IgM antibody with ELISA Results The 803 cases that were mainly 7-15 years old(97 51%)were reported and affected 4 countrysides 65 38% of the cases were in Huanggai township in Jia xiang All of the cases were no vaccination history Conclusions The immune bland was the main reason of this current epidemic At the same time,the report was not prompt and the first catch-up was bad to cause the outbreak spread


In recent years, the technologies for the production of synthetic fuel from natural gas have been attracting considerable interest because of high oil prices. While oil prices remaining high, GTL (Gas-to-Liquids) technology would provide an attractive option for utilizing gas resources. Furthermore, GTL fuels contain almost zero sulfur and low aromatics and have a very high cetane so that they are estimated to be environmentally friendly diesel fuels able of meeting the advanced fuel specifications of the 21st century. GTL process generally consists of three primary steps: synthesis gas production from natural gas reforming, hydrocarbon production from synthesis gas by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, product upgrading by hydrocracking/hydroisomerization. This paper presents a brief summary of GTL technology and worldwide development trend about it focusing on the reforming of natural gas and the F-T synthesis.


Flour mills driven by animal, wind and water power were erected in all Australian states before 1850, being associated with the spread of early settlements. In most areas they formed the first mechanised industrial process and many worked into the latter half of the 19th century before being superseded by steam, and later, electric powered mills. Relatively few of these early mills remain structurally intact, and even fewer retain machinery in their original form. Three surviving water powered flour mills constructed between 1820-40 in Tasmania are described and shown to retain many of the features reflecting late 18th century technology. The maintenance of these structures has so far been undertaken by the present landowners, but more extensive funding and assistance is required to ensure their continued survival as no comparable water mills remain on the Australian mainland.


ATP stabilizes trivalent nickel complexes which suggests that another plausible role of ATP in biological systems is the stabilization of high-valent transition metal complexes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


Epithelial ovarian cancer is a disease of the elderly. The incidence increases with age and peaks in the seventh and eighth decades of life'. This feature is probably secondary to the enlarging size of the elderly population-, The increasing life expectancy of the older population should be taken into account when planning elderly-oriented therapeutic regimens:', particularly for ovarian cancer, which has increased dramatically in patients over 70. Elderly patients have a higher frequency of more aggressive cancers, usually high-grade tumors" associated with an aneuploid DNA content'. However, despite a continuous increase in incidence among the elderly population, the literature concerning treatment of elderly patients with ovarian cancer (OC) is limited. Major reasons for excluding patients from clinical trials are cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and social problemsv". Elderly patients with anemia and hypertension were also more prone to toxicity". Nonetheless, many patients over the age of 70 do not present the aforementioned pathologies allowing them to be treated in the same way as patients < 70 (Table 1). At the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, Markman has reported that only 10% of patients older than 65 years presented with stage 1111 disease, compared to 25% in a younger group". The management of ovarian cancer in the elderly patient is many-faceted: the diagnosis can be difficult and delayed, and aggressive surgery is often not attempted6,8,1O. In addition, information about tolerance to chemotherapy in elderly patients with ovarian cancer is also limited. Beginning in the 1970s, treatment trials using alkylating agents such as L-PAM, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil and thiotepa obtained responses in the range of 47%-48% (Table 2). These same agents when used in combination with doxorubicin were able to obtain a response rate of 54%. This difference also held true for non-


I present the latest results on the theoretical cross section for top-antitop pair production as well as for single top production at the Tevatron and the LHC. The calculations include higher-order soft-gluon corrections which are dominant near threshold. The top quark transverse momentum distribution is also presented.


The aim of this study is to provide a topological optimization method for ship detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The method consists of three steps: pre-processing, sparse representation, and classification. For the first step, the variational model is used for SAR image filtering. For the second step, the curvature of the surface manifold is constructed for sparse representation of target. For the third step, the topological derivative method is adopted to locate the target. Experiments show that the proposed method is effective in reducing false alarms, and obtains a satisfactory detection performance.


Abstract In this article, two-dimensional nonlinear and multi-term time fractional diffusion equations are solved numerically by collocation method, which is used with the help of Lucas operational matrix. In the proposed method solutions of the problems are expressed in terms of Lucas polynomial as basis function. To determine the unknowns, the residual, initial and boundary conditions are collocated at the chosen points, which produce a system of nonlinear algebraic equations those have been solved numerically. The concerned method provides the highly accurate numerical solution. The accuracy of the approximate solution of the problem can be increased by expanding the terms of the polynomial. The accuracy and efficiency of the concerned method have been authenticated through the error analyses with some existing problems whose solutions are already known.


Nowadays, the microprocessors family normally require for the input source not only low voltage but also high current. There exists an increasing necessity for developing new applied techniques on topologies and control strategies, which may be able to fulfil such requirements. Although a considerable amount of applications use the conventional buck converter for step-down for DC/DC conversion, when a high step-down conversion is required is a much better choice to implement the quadratic buck converter (QBC); however, the problem for obtaining a high step-down conversion at wide duty ratio still remains. This document proposes the delayed quadratic buck converter, which offers a very high-step-down dc–dc conversion with a wide duty cycle. The QBC is modified in its topology by adding an inductor, which allows us to obtain for the duty cycle a higher increment than this normally obtained by a quadratic one. Converter behaviour and analysis are illustrated. Experimental results are also shown for a conversion from 36 to 1.5 V and an output power of 20 W.


The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations 'developed' and 'developing' countries are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. An analysis of lessons learnt from field application of IFAD's sourcebook on institutional and organizational analysis for pro-poor change Strengthening institutions and organizations 2 Acronyms 3 Foreword 5 Executive summary 6 Setting the scene 10 Background 11 IFAD and the development of institutions and organizations 12 Institutions and organizations 12 Findings from the field 21 Quality and depth of institutional and organizational analysis 21 Selecting and assessing in-country partners and service providers 23 Providing broad support 24 Working with or creating rural institutions and organizations 26 Ensuring grassroots organizations are inclusive 27 Enhancing transparency and accountability 29 Using flexibility 30 Addressing risk 31 Promoting change through policy dialogue 32 Going beyond training 32 Instituting behavioural change 33 Measuring institutional and organizational development 34 Supply-driven vs. demand-driven capacity-building 35 Investing in training 36 Establishing linkages to enhance delivery 37 Project management and coordination approaches 39 Conclusions and the way forward 42 The need for adequate institutional and organizational analysis 42 Better understanding of institutional and organizational development 44 Capacity-building and institutional and organizational change 44 A need for differentiated structured support 46 Grassroots institutional and organizational development 46


Thinkers of many philosophical schools in ancient China try to achieve the understanding of the universe, the nature and the human being itself through analysis and exploration into the humanity. Different from the others, Taoism analyzes the humanity from the dimension of "Truth" and "False", and regards keeping and respecting the human nature as existing roots, which manifests the characteristic thought of Taoistic humanity. It points to the returning and the acclimation of humanity and has its theory value and superiority.


We consider the Lie algebra of all vector fields on a contact manifold as a module over the Lie subalgebra of contact vector fields. This module is split into a direct sum of two submodules: the contact algebra itself and the space of tangent vector fields. We study the geometric nature of these two modules.


In this paper I shall investigate the concept of sustainability as it applies to fisheries. In fact, the concept of "sustainable yield" is a time-honored one in fisheries science. Its application is, however, more complicated than simple, deterministic fishery models might lead one to believe. While useful pedagogical devices, such models have the potential to mislead if instead they are applied to contexts in which environmental fluctuations unrelated to fishing effort play a major role in determining fish stocks and fish catches. As is shown below, the catches from and abundance of stocks subject to environmental fluctuations vary over time, sometimes formidably. Yet the exploitation of such stocks can be sustainable, in the sense that the stocks survive and sustain ongoing exploitation. In fact sustainable exploitation of such stocks is likely to imply a variable rate of exploitation, one that is adjusted to the conditions at each time. But unless such adjustment is timely and prudent, the results could be disastrous. There are several cases of stock collapses on record, although few appear irreversible. What, then, prevents a timely and prudent adjustment? Sometimes collapses have occurred despite a declared objective of conservative exploitation. Sometimes recent advances in technology coupled with adverse environmental conditions have led to collapses. And sometimes the experience probably was insufficient for identify looming threats and how to respond to them. Finally, sustainable exploitation could lose its relevance, because of changing needs and perceptions. As a useful background, I shall begin (next section) with some critical remarks about the concept of sustainability in a general economic context. This is followed (Section 3) by a bare bones outline of the deterministic fisheries model, in order to show that even in this very simple context, the concept of sustainability alone does not lead us very far towards deciding what particular fishing strategy to apply. In Section 4, I introduce environmental fluctuations, looking at the NortheastArctic cod over the past one hundred years. The fisheries exploiting this stock are still alive and thriving, indicating the possibility of sustainability against considerable odds. Section 5 considers four serious cases of fishery collapses, each offering its own lessons as well as highlighting the relative importance of environmental and institutional factors. Finally, I draw on the foregoing analysis to consider the institutional arrangements that promote sustainable fisheries.


The article deals with the special version of the third redaction of the Old Russian Chronograph from the collection of V. M. Undolsky. It is quite different from other copies of this text. The compiler of the manuscript not only revised the traditional structure of the third redaction of the Chronograph by increasing the number of its chapters from 169 to 182 but also fundamentally changed its historical meaning. The vast majority of manuscripts of the third redaction of the Chronograph brought its narrative up to the end of the Time of Troubles in 1618, thereby emphasizing the end of the "rebellious" period in Russian history and the relative "unimportance" of the following years of quiet rule of the first Romanovs. The Chronograph in 182 chapters continues its narrative of Russian history up to the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686 and pays much attention to the military events and rebellions of the early Romanov era. This codex was written in the patriarchal scriptorium between 1686 and 1696 (most likely in 1686–1689). The paper on which it is written was actively used in other textually related manuscripts from the patriarchal scriptorium in the late 1680s– 1690s. The Undolsky's copy of the third redaction of the Old Russian Chronograph is not the only version enlarged by additional chapters. More chapters than in the "classical" version can be found in Rumyantsev's second copy of the Chronograph. Both Undolsky's and Rumyantsev's manuscripts derive from a common protograph — a special form of the third redaction of the Chronograph in 179 chapters. The Undolsky manuscript, however, is continued by the Patriarchal Chronicle for the years 1619–1686. Accordingly, the number of chapters is increased to 182. In contrast, the Rumyantsev manuscript is augmented by the Tale of Mosokh and retains the original 179 chapters. Both manuscripts are supplemented by various excerpts from the Book of Royal Degrees. Simultaneously with them, there also appeared other variants of the Chronograph that expressed the patriarchal bookmen's thoughts about Russian and world history in the 1680s and 1690s: the Fokhtov Chronograph in 187 chapters and its revised version – the Vologodsky Chronograph in 189 chapters, and also the Tikhonravov Chronograph in 184 chapters. The changes that became fixed in some codices from the last quarter of the 17th century were the results of editorial work of patriarchal and other scribes, who compiled new chronographs and their brief redactions ("chronographets") in the 1680s – 1690s


Abstract : The report reviews and analyzes the foreign affairs decision-making system in the United States. Two approaches for the improvement of foreign affairs decision-making are put forward: strengthening the commitment and improving the capability for organizational change at a high level of the decision-making system; and an expanded program of fundamental research on decision-making processes employing concepts made available by recent advances in the social sciences. New institutional arrangements to coordinate the research effort and to advocate organizational change are presented.


A near-infrared-reflectance (1R)spectroscopic method was evaluated for potential usage in predicting soluble N, total N and some fibrous fractions in crested wheatgrass, Agropyron crktdum (L.) Gaertn., A. uksertorum (Fisch. ex Link), et al. The correlation coefficients (r) between IR and total N, soluble N in 0.15N NaCl (N Sal), soluble N in 10% Burroughs Mineral Mixture solution (NBMM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) for 84 samples were 0.95,0.90,0.70,0.90,0.82,and 0.72, respectively.The IR technique provided a closer estimation of total N and N Sal than of NBMM in the calibration data. The mean solubility of N Sal was higher than that of NBMM. High variation occurred between the duplicate determinations of NBMM. The predictions on 38 unknown samples by the equation developed using 84 calibration samples for mean, SED (standard error of difference),and r were: total N, 1.01,0.04,0.98; N Sal, 0.43,0.04,0.90; NDF, 64.1, 0.96, 0.93, ADF, 36.2, 1.01, 0.91; and ADL, 5.24, 0.53, 0.62. Predictions of fibrous fractions were highly satisfactory even though the correlations were low. Correlations between chemical determinations of total N and N Sal, NBMM, NDF, ADF, ADL were 0.89, 0.53, -0.13, -0.33, -0.08, respectively. Significant differences (X0.01) were found among crested wheatgrass species for all nitrogenous and fibrous fractions measured. Differences among clonal lines within species were also significant (P<O.OS or 0.01) for all determinations indicating that opportunities are available to improve the nutritional value of crested wheatgrass through selection. Physical properties of proteins in feeds may be indicative of their feeding values for ruminants (Little et al. 1963). Soluble nitrogen in purified proteins is positively correlated with the degradation of nitrogenous material in the rumen (Blackburn 1965, Henderickx and Martin 1963). Recently developed near-infrared-reflectance (IR) techniques have been used to determine moisture content in grains and seeds (Norris and Hart 1965, Ben Gera and Norris 1968); crude protein (CP) and oil concentration in soybeans, cornand oats (Hymowitz et al. 1974, Rinne et al. 1975); total reducing sugars in tobacco (McClure et al. 1976) nutritve qualities of forages (Norris et al. 1976, Shenk et al. 1979); and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in breakfast cereal (Baker et al. 1979). Norris et al. (1976) reported correlation coefficients (r) between chemical determinations and IR predicted values of 0.99 for CP, Authors are postdoctoral research associate, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322; research animal scientist, USDA-ARS, Logan 84322; research geneticist,_ USDA-AR& Logan 84322; and professor, Depanment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University. Research involved cooperative investigations of the USDA-ARS and Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State Univenity, Logan, Utah 84322. This report IS approved as Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Paper No. 2761. The authors wish to thank Dr. J.L. Walters for his assistance in statistical analysis and lo Dr. P.V. Fonnesbeck for the use of his laboratory facilities for the chemical analysis. Manuscript received February 1, 1982. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 36(4), July 1983 0.98 for NDF, 0.96 for acid detergent fiber (ADF), 0.96 for lignin, 0.95 for in vitro dry matter disappearance, and 0.88 for dry matter digestibility determined in vivo. The percentages of soluble N in most forages exist in relatively minute quantities. The feasibility of using IR instrumentation to estimate soluble N in forages has not been studied to date. The application of IR in predicting fibrous fractions in crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) et al. also is untested. The objectives of this study were: (I) to determine the correlation between IR predicted values and chemical determinations of total N, soluble N, and fibrous fractions (NDF, ADF, and ADL) in crested wheatgrass; and (2) to estimate the amount of genetic variability in a crested wheatgrass breeding population for chemical and physical entities measured under objective 1. Materials and Methods Field Plots and Sample Preparation Seven clonal lines from each of six sources of crested wheatgrass (1) A. Sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv.; (2) A. cristatum var. 'Fairway'; (3) A. cristatum, induced tetraploid (128); (4) A. cristatum, collected from Iran by D.R. Dewey (Dewey and Asay, 1975); (5) A. desertorum; and (6) the A. cristatum (128)X A. desertorum hybrid we included in the study. The field design was a randomized complete block with two replications. Individual plots consisted of two plants which were established from vegetative propagules on 0.5 X 0.9 m spacings on April 6, 1977. The soil was a member of the fine-silty, mesic family of calcic argiherolls. Annual precipitation was 380-430 mm (1517 in.). In September 1978, 56 kg/ ha of N fertilizer was applied. The forage was harvested July 3 and 5, 1979, and air dired in a greenhouse at about 38O C. Samples for analyses consisted of a composite of the two plants in a plot. After drying, the samples were ground first in a Wiley mill' (l-mm screen), then in a cyclone mill, and stored in plastic bags. Duplicate chemica! determinations were subsequently made on each sample. Chemical Analysis of Soluble N A modified method of the Crooker et al. (1978) procedure was used for soluble N analysis. A 2.5 g sample containing about 50 mg of nitrogen and 100 ml of solvent preheated to 400 C was poured into a 250 ml screw cap polycarbonate Erlenmeyer flask (Corning No. 25600) and the flask was placed in an electric shaker (Eberbach, Ann Arbor, Mich.). After 2-hours incubation in a constanttemperature mechanical shaker at 400 C, the sample-solvent suspension was filtered through filter paper (Van Walters & Rogers, White, Crepe 11 cm), placed in a Fisher Filtrator funnel (Coors, U.S.A.) with a water aspirator system. fifty ml of the filtered extraction was put in a 50-ml plastic centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 1400 X g for 15 minutes. The 50 ml of filtrate was IMention of brand names does not constimte endorsement by Utah State University nor the U.S. Department of Agriculture in favor of other products that are equally suitable.


Objective To explore methods of diagnosis and treatment of distal humerus coronal fractures and prognosis. Methods 10 cases of distal humerus coronal fractures were treated by surgical internal fixation or bone resection according to Bryan-Morrey classification. Results All patients received follow-up time 8 ~ 12 months,according to Broberg-Morrey elbow functional assessment criteria: 8 cases( typeⅠ 5 cases,type Ⅱ 1,type Ⅳ 2) of surgery in patients with internal fixation got results of excellent 5 cases,good 1,and fair 2; 2 cases( type Ⅲ) of bone resection patients got results of fair 1 case,and poor 1. Conclusions Distal humerus coronal fractures according to different classification take different surgical treatment method,but the total can obtain good clinical effect and the degree of satisfaction.


Restriction of sodium intake and an increase in potassium intake are frequently recommended for patients with hypertension. The content of these minerals in 117 vegetables is presented. Processing practices and additives which affect the sodium content are discussed.


Based on the analysis on the amount of population,distribution,the degree of poverty and other condition of the poor old in Chinese rural area,the essay puts forward the concept of "subsistance aging",and analyses the necessity,route and measure to achieve it.To solve the problem of poverty in the rural area,and realize the"subsistance aging",is very important theme to build up the new rural area and the harmonious society,meanwhile.It is the base and prerequisite to practice the healthy and positive aging.


There are some problems in the traditional teaching of Computer Culture Basic experiment,such as single teaching model,less interaction between teachers and students and students' lack of enthusiasm.Based on the analysis of the study of the computer culture basic course,This paper studies using skyclass system to carry out the experiment of Computer Culture Basic Course.The results show that making use of the network to carry out Computer Culture Basic experiment has more advantages than traditional teaching,teaching Computer Culture Basic experimental in the skyclass system can help students to improve their computer skills and information literacy.


—One of the main problems of measuring the perfor- mance of large scale distributed systems is the ever-changing state of the network. This ever-changing uncontrollable component of the environment causes results from experimentation to differ from the expectation many times. There is a need then for a way to precisely emulate the network state. With a stable network state, we can now obtain reproducible results. There are many problems with the current state of the art approaches when it comes to network emulation, most of them come from trying to completely emulate the state of the network. Kollaps is a decentralized emulator that does not involve managing the application and transport protocol layers, and therefore can emulate systems spread across several distinct physical machines. However, Kollaps still suffers from several limitations such as high resource usage, difficulty to scale to a large number of physical nodes, and lack of support for bare metal deployments. This thesis proposes Kollaps 2.0, a new iteration of Kollaps, which improves upon the limitations of its first version. We present an overview of the new mechanisms. And finally, an evaluation with micro and macro benchmarks showing how Kollaps 2.0 improved upon Kollaps. In this evaluation, we were able to show that the CPU usage is substantially reduced in both large and small scale topologies while maintaining an accurate emulation. We also demonstrate that bare metal deployments can now use Kollaps 2.0 to emulate network states while maintaining an accurate emulation.


Contents of chlorophyll, carotinoid and anthocyanidin in seeds of three cultivars of black kernel wheat and white kernel wheat (CK) were investigated at different seed development stages. The contents of former two decreased linearly, and disappeared about at 25 days after flowering(DAF). In white kernal wheat Jing411,anthocyanidin was not delected. In black kernel wheat, anthocyanidin was first detected at 15~20 DAF, and reached the maximum at 25~30 DAF. When chlorophyll and carotiniod disappeared, anthocyanidin could be detected. There is a significant difference among chlorophyll's and carotinoid's contents of the same cultivar at different seed development stages. But among different cultivars, the difference was not significant. The dynamic curves of anthocyandin's absorbancy of cultivar Luozhen 1 and Black Kernel Wheat 76 were similar,so were their absorption peaks after 30 DAF. The two values of them above were obviously different from those of Hedong wumai 526. We deduced that the components of seed anthocyanidin of Luozhen 1 and Black Kernel Wheat 76 were similar, and largely different from that of Hedong wumai 526.


The paper elaborates the reliable technology of quality guarantee of plastering below zero according to air tempertater and characteristics of the project.


For a long time,the studies on function of vitamin D are concentrated on the regulation of calcium-phosphate and bone metabolism.Since vitamin D receptors were discovered in sparathyroid cells,lymphocytes,thymus,and promyelocytic cells in 1980,the knowledge of vitamin D has been broadened.Biside regulation of calcium-phosphate and bone metabolism,a wide range of physiological roles are expouded by the subsequent studies,which mainly include immune regulation,inflammatory response,and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.Recently,the effects of vitamin D on regulation of immunity attract dramatic attention.This paper summarizes the roles of vitamin D in regulation of immunity.

Key words:
Vitamin D; Immune system


The purpose of this paper is to set forth the principal issues which face those responsible for decisions affecting the timing and direction of movement toward an electronic funds transfer system (EFTS) in the public and private sectors. Lest the word issue be read as a pale or vague generality, let us understand that we will be talking about the areas of fact or of policy around which there are sharp disagreements or controversy, either because we do not or cannot yet know what the facts are, or because we have recognized that actions may be taken which serve some interests and harm others. In developing the dimensions of these areas of disagreement or controversy, we will necessarily be confronted with the array of incentives operating on each of the interested parties, and the obstacles facing them. To tell the full story, we will find it useful to recognize some dis-incentives and some non-obstacles, as well. The treatment of some issues in this paper will be brief, since the papers to follow will concentrate on a number of them and emphasize the perspective of each of the major payment system participants.


The high false‐positive rate for pulmonary nodules (PNs) from using low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can lead to overuse of invasive procedures, overtreatment, and patient anxiety. Therefore, it is very important to develop new diagnostic methods.


Batik Semarang has a cultural heritage that have been through a long historical trajectory. However, the trip batik Semarang has a condition bobbing. With the spirit of building a regional cultural identity through batik, stretching batik Semarang began to rise. It is necessary to picture how this batik Semarag materialized as the result of a process of cultural formation. These qualitative assessments with mtode need to examine the parties is an agent or actor in the arena of cultural production as a process of action in the social structure. This assessment arena framed by the theory of cultural production of Pierre Bourdieu. This assessment of the main problems batik Semarang picture as a form of praxis arena of cultural production. The results show that batik Semarang as an arena of cultural production, formed from the structure of the arena, which are the positions of individuals or the agents that create cultural products. The agents met in the arena and compete perform practices that result in cultural production. The agents are individuals who are controlled by the habitus and supported by capital and the strategies used so that it can compete in the arena of cultural production.


A new optimization algorithm (named DIMO) based on diversity enhanced Ion Motion Optimization (IMO) is proposed. Diversity learning strategy and random perturbations are applied to improve IMO by modifying its individual evolutionary information. A set of selected benchmark functions and an estimation localization in Wireless sensor network (WSN) are used to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results compared with the others algorithms in the literature shows that the proposed approach are superior to the other algorithms in optimization accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness.


In this work, the effect of (Z) -9-butyl-N-(2,3,4-t rimethoxybenzylidine)-9H-carbazole-3amine (Schiff-carbazole-anisole, SKA) and (Z)-3-((9-octyl-9H-carbazol-3-ylimino) methyl)benzene-1,2-diol (Schiff-carbazole-phenol, SKF) Carbazole schif base ligands with CaCl2, MgCl2, FeSO4, ZnSO4 metal ions conductivity behaviors were measured to determine the complexing properties at 25 C in a 50% ethanol / water mixture. The * Baki ÇİÇEK, firstname.lastname@example.com, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1257-1188 . Ümit ÇALIŞIR, email@example.com, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7699-2008 . BAUN Fen Bil. Enst. Dergisi, 19(2), 246-255, (2017) 247 Complexation Constant (Ke) and Free Enthalpy ( ∆Gθ) of the ligand-cation complex were calculated using the conductivity parameters ( K, Λ and α). Althought, it was found that the complexation constant was decreased in the direction of Fe > Mg > Ag > Ca > Zn for the SKA compound, it was detected that Zn 2+ > Fe > Ag > Mg > Ca for the SKF compound as a result of the conductome tric studies. According to the results of this study, ligands can be used in metal sensor, enzyme inhibitor and biological applications.


Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/igert_cache Ken Chilman is an Associate Professor Emeritus in the Department of Forestry at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. He retired from teaching in 1995 but continues to do recreation visitor inventory research in various wildland locations. He has been serving as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Friends of the Cache River Watershed since 2007.


Objective To explore the the mechanism of angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) in promoting extracellular matrix(ECM) secretion of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) in rats. Methods HSCs were isolated by using collagenase in situ liver recirculating perfusion.①Some components of ECM secreted by HSCs including laminin(LN),hyaluronic acid(HA),procollagenⅢ(PcⅢ)and collagenⅣ(CⅣ) were detected by ELISA method after stimulation by different doses of AngⅡ(10-9-10-5 mol/L).HSCs without stimulation were served as control.②The HSCs of AngⅡ which could increase ECM secretion were selected and then RNA was extracted.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR,and was compared with that isolated and activated in culture and controls. Results Compared with control group,the levels of LN and HA of of HSCs significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner after stimulation by AngⅡwith different concentrations(P0.01).The levels of PCⅢ and CⅣ of HSCs also significantly increased after stimulation by 10-7-10-5 mol/L AngⅡ(P0.01).It was revealed by RT-PCR that the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA significantly increased after stimulation by 10-6 mol/L AngⅡ,compared with that isolated and activated in culture and controls. Conclusion Ang Ⅱ can stimulate ECM secretion of HSCs in rats.Ang Ⅱ participates in hepatic fibrosis by enhancing the expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF.


Thinking critically about practice, of today or yesterday, makes possible the improvement of tomorrow's practice. Even the theoretical discourse itself, necessary as it is to critical reflection, must be concrete enough to be clearly identifiable with practice. Its epistemological "distance" from practice as an object of analysis ought to be compensated for by an even greater proximity to the object of analysis, in terms of lived experience. The better this process is accomplished, the greater the gain in the intelligence and the greater the possibility of communicability in overcoming an ingenuous attitude toward knowledge. In addition, the more I acknowledge my own process and attitudes and perceive the reasons behind these, the more I am capable of changing and advancing from the stage of ingenuous curiosity to epistemological curiosity. It's really not possible for someone to imagine himself/ herself as a subject in the process of becoming without having at the same time a disposition for change. And change for which he/she is not merely the victim, but the subject.


In this paper, we give an overview of a realtime reservation-based operating system called Nano-RK used primarily in wireless sensor networks.


'Messires, what newes from Fraunce, can you tell! Still warres, warres.' John Eliot, Ortho-Epia Gallica. Eliots Fruits for the French (1593), sig. A3r


11525Background: Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlates with a positive outcome in localized osteosarcoma patients. However, there are no reliable predictors of chemotherapy response. We i...


Summary Small sample and large sample properties of the bundle strength of parallel filaments studied earlier by Daniels (1945) and Sen, Bhattacharyya, Suh (1969) have been developed here by probabilistic argument. The statistics belong to a family or class of statistics, each of which forms a reverse semi-martingale sequence. Certain moment properties are also discussed.


At 6:44 a.m. on April 21, it was reported that a gyroscope (gyro) on the Hubble Space Telescope had stopped working.


In the computational experiment the influence of mathematical model parameters on the dynamics of pressure and temperature fields at non-isothermal gas filtration is investigated. To describe the process the authors use the nonlinear system of partial differential equations, obtained from the energy and mass conservation laws and Darcy law. The physical and caloric equations are used as closing relations. Boundary conditions correspond to gas extraction at a given pressure drop at the bottom hole. The possibility of hydrate formation in the gas reservoir is determined by the example of the Messoyakha field.


Background : An elevated plasma homocysteine level ( tHcy ) is one of the risk factors for coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . It has been demonstrated that low-dose folate supplementation significantly decreased tHcy inhealthy, young women. Homozygosity for cytosine-to-thymine substitation at nucleotide 677 ( C677T ) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene appears to be correlated with an elevated tHcy in the situation of low blood folate concentrations. In this study, we evaluated the response gained from low-dose folate treatment on the tHcy and whether genetic variation of the MTHFR gene might influence on the response of the folate treatment in Korean CAD patients. Methods : CAD patients ( n = 43 ) , confirmed by coronary angiography, and controls were analyzed for CAD risk factors including tHcy and MTHFR gene ( C677T ) polymorphism. Patients were treated daily with 0.25mg folate for 4 weeks and the level of folate and tHcy was reevaluated. Results : Low-dose folate treatment for 4 weeks significantly increased the folate level ( 38%, p < 0.05 ) , although it did not influence tHcy. CAD patients whose tHcy was decreased with folate replacement ( n = 21 ) were characterized by low basal folate level ( 7.0 ± 2.6 vs 9.1 ± 2.7 nmol/L, p < 0.05 ) and high basal tHcy ( 12.6 ± 4.4 vs 8.6 ± 2.4 μ mol/ L, p < 0.05 ) as compared to the patients whose tHcy was unaffected or increased with folate. tHcy was decreased 11.2 and 12.6% each in patients with high basal tHcy (> 10 μ mol/L ) and low folate levels (< 7 nmol/L ) , however it increased 7.3 and 4.5% in CAD patients with low tHcy and high folate levels ( p < 0.05, each ) . MTHFR basal tHcy. The C677T MTHFR gene mutation does not influence the effects of low-dose folate supplementation on tHcy in Korean CAD patients. (((( Korean Circulation J 2001;31 (((( 6 )))) :551-559 ))))


The ways of force measurement,hi-speed video record and special data processing were adopted to study kinematic and kinetic characteristics of dash man's running technique.The result shows that the supporting phase can be divided into landing phase and extending phase.The extending phase includes front support phase,the first half of the push phase and the latter half of the push phase.The front support phase is an important moment for vertical acceleration.Though the vertical acceleration of the lower extremities decreases the horizontal speed,it plays a positive role in promoting vertical velocity,which is acquired in front support phase and the first half of the push phase.Powerful pushing after landing support is important in achieving good results.The horizontal velocity loss in landing and front support phase can be compensated in the latter half of the push phase.It is unfavorable for obtaining vertical velocity if the landing position is near the center of gravity.Vertical velocity decreases at the moment of 20ms before the foot leaves the ground.


Within the scope of this study, the usability of marbles obtained from four different regions in the Bozcaldag formation of Kirsehir region as aggregate was investigated. First of all, chemical analyzes of the obtained aggregate samples were carried out and their chemical composition was determined. Then, the physical properties of the aggregates were determined by performing specific gravity, unit volume weight, porosity, weight and volume water absorption tests. Concrete was produced under the same conditions and mixing ratios from aggregates obtained from 4 different aggregate quarries of carbonate origin. The engineering properties of the obtained concrete core samples (unit weight, ultra sound, uniaxial compressive strength, split tensile strength, Schmidt hardness) were investigated. The effects of carbonate-based aggregate properties obtained from different regions on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete were interpreted. In the study, it was determined that the aggregates in its region have different physical and geochemical properties although they are obtained from the same formation. For this reason, it is important to determine the aggregate properties within the framework of the relevant standards in certain periods after the aggregate production from the quarry in order to achieve the desired standardization in concrete production.


The Hongkong Crisis is hardly more than an extended essay, though the 64 pages it occupies have been supplemented with appendices consisting of extracts from a variety of secondary sources and covering such diverse, and sometimes tangential, topics such as the Hong Kong seamen's strike of 1922 and Amnesty International's appeal on behalf of Liu Shanqing in Aprjl 1983. The recommendation on the cover from Tariq Ali which stresses both the book's indispensable nature and its " enormous educational value " especially for those who " have hitherto been baffled by Foreign Office propaganda " is perhaps advanced warning of the tone to expect: and Benton's approach is indeed broadly that of the left. He admits of little that is complimentary to the Colonial Government. Hong Kong's record in terms of industrial democracy, housing, education and the provision of social services generally is predictably castigated. He also contends that " the fabulous wealth squeezed out of the Hongkong people has been the main stabiliser of Britain's economy, and hence its democracy " (p. 9). The extreme nature of claims of this kind others include one that the colonial authorities at times in recent years encouraged immigration as a means of regulating the size of the workforce (p. 25) and another that Britain has huge capital investments in Hong Kong (p. 10) do little to inspire confidence in the sagacity of his analysis of the various interests now involved in deciding upon Hong Kong's future, or of the ways forward that are feasible in achieving a resolution of the present problems.


• Agriculture Non-State Actors Forum (ANSAF) • Platform for Agricultural Policy Analysis and Coordination (PAPAC) • Agricultural Council of Tanzania (ACT) • Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries (MALF) • Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in Arusha and Morogoro • Policy Analysis Group (PAG) • Tanzanian Horticultural Association (TAHA) • National Network of Small-Scale Farmers' Groups in Tanzania: Mtandao wa Vikundi vya Wakulima Tanzania (MVIWATA)


Migrant entrepreneurship is viewed as a pathway to substantive social integration, one that makes host countries more prosperous in the process. Accordingly, scholars have studied the social context in which migrant entrepreneurs operate, and considered at length the range of policy options that governments can use to support their activities. Conversely, the issue of public attitudes to policies that support migrant entrepreneurship has been largely neglected. Leveraging the case of North Korean migrant entrepreneurs in South Korea, this article fills this gap in the literature by examining how the structure of government support within a broader "policy mix" for migrant entrepreneurship policies acts on public attitudes. Overall, it finds South Koreans are most supportive of migrant entrepreneurship policies endorsed and paid for by large companies through corporate taxation or loans to the individual, rather than the state, and which have a target goal of employment support for profitable migrant-run firms or joint ventures run by teams of natives and migrants. Notably, policies explicitly justified as tools to address discrimination actively discourage support. The specifics of the Korean case show that determinants of native hostility toward migrants apply to migrant entrepreneurship even when ethnic differences and many of the institutional barriers that apply in other cases do not exist, suggesting that ethnicity is not a major motivating factor; economic rationality and what is "good for South Korea" are.


SimpleX is a new numerical tool to study transport processes in general and radiation transport during the reionization epoch in particular. It is the first method to utilize an unstructured grid. The method hinges on the possiblity to set up the grid in such a way that the lengths of the edges in the grid sample the mean free path of the medium. This direct relation between the physics and the grid is theoretically sound, but not yet verified in practice. In this report many details are studied that arise when using unstructered grids. We find some unexpected properties of the grid and confirm the correctness of other properties. The most unexpected result is that photons can travel on average per timestep over larger distances than the mean edge length. The speed even depends on the number of points N used in the grid. Such details need to be understood in order to perform detailed numerical calculations. Another requirement is the addition of a lot of physics that is not yet implemented. This is not a trivial task, because it has to be checked how the physics works on an unstructured grid. Some ideas about how to proceed to include a self consistent solution for the temperature are presented.


School-based adolescent sexual health education in the United States has long served as a means of combating emotional and physical threats to the well-being of youth. However, this sex education has since its inception marginalized the experiences and health concerns of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students and contributed to school environments frequently hostile toward sexual minority groups. Growing concern for the welfare and educational experiences of sexual minorities suggests the need to improve school-based support for LGB students. This article explores this challenge by examining the relationship between sex education and sexual minorities. Through a review of the history of adolescent sexuality and sex education, and continuing barriers to support for LGB students, this article reveals how marginalization of LGB groups has manifested within schools and argues improving education with regards to LGB groups is necessary to develop equitable and safe educational environments. Suggestions for improving support of sexual minorities in schools and sex education are discussed.


"Options for the Stock Investor" thoroughly explains how to use stock options safely and effectively. James Bittman demonstrates how to integrate options into a long-term investment program explaining in a clear and simple language time-proven strategies that will add value to any investor's portfolio. He recommends specific strategies for investors with various risk tolerances and investment goals. Authoritative and enlightening, this book is complete with tests and a graphic summary of option strategies.For individual investors seeking to profit with options, "Options for the Stock Investor" is an invaluable resource. Specific topics include: The mechanics of basic option strategies Understanding option price behavior Selling options on the stocks you own Using options to achieve your long-term investment goals Option strategies for both newcomers and veterans


Some immunosuppressants influence the synthesis and metabolism of lipids,which is a major factor for hyperlipidemia in organ transplant patients.The recent studies on the relationship between immunosuppressants and hyperlipidemia are reviewed.


Due to the information gap between the VEGETATION sensors and Sentinel-3 mission, the Belgian state decided to build a small satellite, Project for Onboard Autonomy-Vegetation (PROBA-V), to ensure the continuity of the data record for vegetation studies. In this study, simulated PROBA-V data generated by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) were used to evaluate the potential of this mission to assess winter wheat status. The root mean square error (RMSE) of PROBA-V's leaf area index (LAI), which was generated using the exponential method and the interpolation method, is 0.33 and 0.96 for March 2011 and 1.40 and 3.33 for May 2011, respectively. Système Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) VEGETATION's LAI does not show a significant relationship with the reference LAI values except for the LAI values during the stem elongation 100% phenological stage generated using the exponential method (correlation coefficient, r = 0.91; p = 0.01). For the tillering and stem elongation 100% phenological stages, linear regression models for the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) with PROBA-V's normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were developed (coefficient of determination, R 2, of 0.94 and 0.88). Exponential models for LAI (R 2 of 0.91 and 0.93) and fresh weight of above-ground biomass (AGBf) (R 2 of 0.90 and 0.93) with PROBA-V's near-infrared (NIR) and visible and near-infrared bands (VNIR B2) were developed accordingly. The assessment of winter wheat status showed that the highest and the lowest values of PROBA-V's simulated data (SD), i.e. NDVI, normalized difference water index (NDWI), and LAI of Field 2 and Field 4, correspond to the ground-measured biometric parameters.


In an attempt to improve the weak-bonding interface of metallic matrixes and conventional ceramic reinforcing agents,a way to prepare Al-based composites reinforced by using Ti particles was explored.Firstly,Al and Ti powders with nominal mass ratio of 77:23 were mixed fully and heat-sintered under the condition of vacuum and some pressure.Then microstructural evolution of the resultant products during the sintering process was characterized.It shows that a kind of laminated reinforcements composed of intermetallic Al3Ti,TiAl and metallic Ti can be formed under appropriate sintering conditions,and the reinforcements have good bonding with Al matrix.The optimum sintering temperature for preparing such high-performance Al-based composites is from 600℃ to 630℃.


The paper presents the origins of John Chrysostom's teaching on widowhood. The author analyses the most important factors that contributed to the shaping of John's teaching aimed at widows. The first factor was his personal experience, such as the relationship with his mother or with befriended widows. The second factor was being under a strong influence of St. Paul's teachings, especially the Letter to the Ephesians and the First Letter to the Corinthians. The last factor was a consequence of John's distinction between the existential and essential sources of widowhood. The existential sources, i.e. mainly the imitation of virginity, are the result of John's understanding of anthropology, while the essential sources are rooted in the unity of divine hypostases and arise from his view on Christian marriage. Chrysostom's concept of widowhood takes on a concrete and vertical structure in which one can see a trace of the influence of philosophy and education which he received.


The effect of cooling rate on the microstructural evolution of Al0.5CrFeCoNiCu has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. As cast Al0.5CrFeCoNiCu contained three phases; Cr–Fe–Co–Ni solid solution dendrites, Cu rich interdendritic material and L12 precipitates. During cooling at rates between 10 and 50uC min, an additional exothermic event, at y1010uC, was observed in the heat flow curves. Microstructural examination after cooling revealed the presence of two distinct populations of intragranular precipitates not present in the as cast material. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that Cu rich precipitates formed within the dendrites, while a Cr–Fe–Co rich phase formed in the interdendritic constituent. Precipitation during cooling at rates approaching 1uC s indicates that the diffusion kinetics of Al0.5CrFeCoNiCu is not, as previously suggested, sluggish.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect of laparoscopic renal cyst decortication in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Methods:From 2004 to 2007 laparoscopic renal cyst decortication on the 20 patients was performed in our hospital.The changes of renal function before and after surgery were observed.Results:All of the 20 cases had successful surgery from laparoscopic cyst decortication.The operation time was 71.0±5.28 minutes.The postoperative hospitalization was 5±0.38 days.Conclusion:The advantages of laparoscopic cyst decortication for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease include small incision,less injury and a short hospital stay.This operation is an effective and feasible method to treat the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.


The metastable zone and crystal growth rates of xylitol in water were investigated under the influence of small volume fractions of ethanol. The utilization of low amounts of ethanol is necessary to help adding slightly soluble ingredients during the fabrication of xylitol products, e.g. in food industry. Therefore, the metastable zone and crystal growth rates were determined by means of an ultrasound measurement technique and batch crystallization experiments. It can clearly be seen that the addition of ethanol is lowering the solubility of xylitol in water. The higher the volume fraction of ethanol, the lower the solubility. The metastable zone width is increased whereas the smallest investigated ethanol content results in the widest metastable zone. The crystal growth of xylitol is inhibited by the addition of ethanol whereby the crystal growth rates are decreasing with increasing ethanol content.


Place one hand on your chest and the other on your abdomen. When you take a deep breath, the hand on the abdomen should rise higher than the one on the chest. This insures that the diaphragm is expanding, pulling air into the bases of the lungs. Take a slow deep breath in through your nose imagining that you are sucking in all the air in the room and hold it for a count of 7 (or as long as you are able, not exceeding 7) Slowly exhale through your mouth for a count of 6-8. The exhalation should be twice as long as inhalation. Repeat the cycle four more times for a total of 5 deep breaths. Try and reduce your breathing rate to 6 breaths per minute (one breath every 10 seconds)


Summary. Details of the fertility of two inbred strains of mice, the reciprocal F1 hybrids between the strains and some F2 mice under temperate and high environmental temperature conditions are presented. Infertility was rare in the control mice but common in those exposed to heat. Genotypic differences were greater in the heat and chiefly of male origin, being related to the duration of exposure to the heat. Prolonged heat exposure caused an impairment of fertility which persisted even when the temperature stress was alleviated. There was some prolong-ation of the oestrous cycle at high temperatures but it was not closely related to the greatly reduced mating frequency which was the prime determinant of the failure to bear litters. The postimplantation and early postnatal mortality indicate a heterotic effect on survival. Prenatal mortality may have been greater in the mice exposed to heat than in the controls but the effect was too small to account for the environmental difference in the sizes of litters at birth. Mortality in the first 3 weeks of life was also greater in the heat where survival seemed to be a function of the inbred mother. The F2 litters had low mortality rates compared with inbred and F1 litters. Parental heterosis was apparent in both environments. The postnatal survival of litters was influenced by the litter's size at birth and its parity and the survival of individual animals was affected by the interval between birth and feeding and the body weight at birth. Both genotype and the temperature of the environment influenced the extent to which these variables operated.


This article explores the nature of political conflict, violence and justice in the Midi provencal during the French Revolution. It emphasizes the continuity of conflict between rival factions dividing most communes in the region throughout the Revolutionary decade, conflict that frequently issued in individual and collective violence, most notoriously the prison massacres of the White Terror (or the Reaction, as it was known among contemporaries) at Aix, Tarascon and Marseille in the spring of 1795. These massacres, among the most spectacular expressions of collective vengeance and popular justice in the Revolution, presented the nascent judicial system of the Revolution with some of its greatest challenges in the pursuit and punishment of these crimes, not least because of the political partiality of the judicial authorities. This article further illustrates how the phenomenon of multiple Reactions between warring factions, representing fundamental socio-economic differences and competing visions of the Republic, provides an understanding of the whole Revolutionary process in the region.


We present a new numerical scheme for determining the reaction volume reference vectors, frequencies, coupling elements and other quantities necessary for a dynamical treatment of polyatomic three center reactions. As an example the H2+CN→HCN+H reaction is considered.


Objectives: A prospective study, to establish the underlying pathology and evaluation of patients with pancytopenia. Materials and Methods: A total of 11 cases of pancytopenia were analyzed over a period of One month i.e. from 1 st August to 31 st August-05 at Department of Pathology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary, Karnataka. All patients who presented with pallor, fever, generalized weakness, and diarrhoea were subjected to complete hemogram and were included in the study based upon the laboratory results. Criteria to consider a case to be pancytopenic are hemoglobin <5g/dl, TLC < 4000/cumm, and platelet count < 1, 50,000/cumm. Patients who had undergone blood transfusion and aged more than 65yrs were excluded from the study. A detailed history and clinical examination was carried out in each case and the relevant information was noted in a proforma. Bone marrow aspiration was performed using Salah's bone marrow aspiration needle from the iliac crest or sternum. A full blood count was done, peripheral smear and reticulocyte count was also performed in each case. Bone marrow smears were stained with Leishman, Giemsa and iron stain wherever necessary. Results: All patients presented with pallor. Other complaints are fever, generalized weakness, cough, and diarrhea in descending order. The youngest patient being 16yrs old and the oldest patient 58yr old. M: F ratio being 7:4 showing the higher prevalence of the disease in male than in female. Majority of the patients fall in the middle class of socioeconomic group. The most common cause of pancytopenia as revealed by bone marrow was Megaloblastic anemia (73%) and Aplastic anemia (27%). Conclusion: Megaloblastic anemia and Aplastic anemia are the common causes of pancytopenia. M: F ratio being 7:4. Majority of the patients fall under the age group of 26-35yrs (54%) and in the middle class of socioeconomic group.


Novel structures of H2CCCLiX (X F, Cl) were determined using HF/STO-3G gradient method. Both of the carbenoids have two equilibrium structures, askew and linear forms, at the level of calculation. In the case XF, the former is more stable, but in the case X=Cl, the latter is more stable. The frontier MOs are given and analyzed.


Over the past 2 years Boral Plywood has embarked on an extensive research and development program in collaboration with New South Wales Roads and Transport Directorate - Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia (IPWEA), Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC) and University of Technology Sydney under the guidance of Professor Keith Crews to develop an Engineered Wood Product (EWP) alternative to the traditional hardwood sections used in the construction of timber road and rail bridges. The design philosophies embraced include sustainable resource, lowest life cycle energy cost, and utilization of developments in gluing and treating technology, minimise on-site installation labour, design life of 50 plus years and must be commercially viable. This research has resulted in a suite of bridge components ranging from individual component girders and transoms to a pre-fabricated modular bridge system.


In this paper we present the systematics of excitation energies for even-even nuclei in two regions: the 50<Z≤66, 82<N≤104 region, and the 66<Z<82, 82<N≤104 region. Using the NpNn scheme, we obtain compact trajectories for the ground band as well as quasi-β and quasi-γ bands. This suggests that the NpNn scheme is useful even if one extends it to non-yrast levels, and thus can serve as a general tool to disclose new types of structural evolution for higher excitations, besides the yrast states which have been investigated extensively. It is highlighted that deformations in non-yrast quasibands of nuclei with Z ∼ 80 and N ∼ 104 are often very different from those in the ground bands. PACS number: 21.10.Re, 21.10.Ky, 27.60.+j, 27.70.+q Typeset using REVTEX


Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mechanism of exchange for money. The object that temporarily intervenes in sale and purchase is money. It might seem that the use of money only doubles the trouble, by making two exchanges necessary where one was sufficient; however, a slight analysis of the difficulties inherent in simple barter shows that the balance of trouble lies quite in the opposite direction. The first difficulty in barter is to find two persons whose disposable possessions mutually suit each other's wants. In the present day, barter still goes on in some cases, even in the most advanced commercial countries, but only when its inconveniences are not experienced. Money remedies these inconveniences and, thereby performs two distinct functions of high importance, acting as—(1) a medium of exchange, and (2) a common measure of value. In its first form, money is simply any commodity esteemed by all persons, any articles of food, clothing, or ornament which any person will readily receive, and which every person desires to have by him in greater or less quantity, in order that he may have the means of procuring necessaries of life at any time.


The study of the relationship between Dst and AE indices of the geomagnetic field and its manifestation in geomagnetic storms in the XXIII solar cycle was carried out. It is shown that geomagnetic storms are divided into two groups according to the ratio of the amplitude of Ds index decrease to the sum of the AE index during the main phase of the storm. For the first group it is characteristic that for small depressions of the Dst index, significant amounts of the AE index are observed. Most often these are storms with a gradual beginning and a long main phase associated with recurrent solar wind streams. Storms of the second group differ in large amplitudes of Dst index decrease, shorter duration of main phase and small amounts of AE-index. Usually these are sporadic geomagnetic storms with a sudden commencement caused by interplanetary disturbances of the CME type. The storms of these two types differ also in their geoeffects, including the effect on human health.


Asynchronous mode of teaching is a new teaching method which was explored in the process of the quality education.It is a modern teaching mode,which is based on the student's individual learning,and can unify students' learning and teachers'guiding together.Asynchronous mode of teaching of soccer class in university is a bilateral relationship between teachers and students,including the asynchronous mode of learning and guidance.The asynchronous mode of learning is combined by self-study、inspiration、review、operation、correction and summary;The asynchronous mode of guidance includes classification teaching,individual teaching,and all teaching.The asynchronous mode of guidance also contains two representative teaching methods:the "four Step-by-step guide "and flexible teaching methods.


Purpose: to present the theoretical and methodological assumptions underlying group speech language therapy focused on the development of written skills, based on the theory of enunciation and discourse and analyze their effectiveness. Methods: this article brings the theoretical and methodological criteria related to group formation and therapy focused on Bakhtin's notion of speech genres. To depict such procedures, this study provides dialogic episodes from therapeutic sessions conducted with five students, aged from 11 to 13, with reading and writing impairments, from public schools located in the city of Florianopolis, Brazil. Results: results suggest that practice grounded in the perspective of enunciation and discourse, in meaningful contexts of language use, enables subjects to engage in written language in its discursive, formal and textual aspects. Additionally, group composition provides, besides the exchange of information, a sense of belonging that raises self-esteem, favoring the learning process. Conclusion: this study highlights how group work can provide gains, within the theoretical perspective in focus. Subjects, who would reject activities of reading and writing early in speech language therapy, started to rethink their difficulty issues, after participating in social practices of language, and gradually became proficient writers and readers.


Key Points Question Are there differences in hospital readmission rates among racial and ethnic minorities with diabetes, and if so, what are the individual-level and hospital-level factors associated with these differences? Findings In this cohort study of 272 758 adults with diabetes, black patients had a significantly higher risk of unplanned all-cause 30-day hospital readmission than members of other racial/ethnic groups. This difference was most pronounced among lower-income patients and patients hospitalized in nonprofit, academic, or large hospitals. Meaning The observed differences in unplanned hospital readmission rates between black patients with diabetes and members of all other racial/ethnic groups reinforce the importance of identifying and addressing gaps in care that may be contributing to racial/ethnic disparities in health care quality and outcomes.


We aimed to find morphological properties of the hyoid bone, which are predominant among the patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and compare them with healthy individuals.


Fatigue cracks were found at the ends of vertical members of two two- hinged steel arch bridges. Structural analysis was carried out for original structures and for retrofitting structures, such as increasing the stiffness of vertical members, providing diagonal members and/or providing bracing members between the arches. Cumulative fatigue damage analysis was also carried out for details at the ends of vertical members. A comparative study was also carried out to see the effectiveness of rehabilitaion schemes. It was found that spandrel type bracing is an effective means for rehabilitation of such bridges. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 864118.


The authors reported their experience in caring 481 pregnant women with cicatricle uterus treated with amnioinfusion,arguing the care strategies included preoperative assessment to decide whether to undergo amnioinfusion or not based on their less than two-year history of operation on uterine wall,observing if there was press pain on uterus,preoperative letting them know about possible complications to get their family's agreement,proper dieting 1 hour before puncturing to prevent injuring the fetus by mistake,rigid control of transfusion speed and close observation of blood pressure,pulse,respiration and fetus heart rate during operation,and close observation of their vital signs,especially their body temperature,close observation of abdominal pain and press pain at lower uterus,bleeding and fluid flowing in vagina,observation of vital symptoms of portent uterus rupture and prevention of premature rupture of membrane,premature birth,and rupture of uterus after amnioinfusion.Amnioinfusion was conducted among 48 pregnant women with cicatricle uterus.Only one processed with premature rupture of membrane and there were no premature birth,uterus rupture and placental abruption.It indicates that cicatricle uterus treated with amnioinfusion under ultrasonic B direction is safe and effective.


The article describes the mechanisms of formation of the principles and forms of functioning of the state power of the Cossack-Hetman Ukraine; the peculiarities of the formation of the institutional foundations of the Ukrainian state as a complex and contradictory process of the Cossacks are established; it is substantiated that during the whole period of existence of the Zaporozhian Sich there is a natural system of public administration, which formed the basic principles of the Cossacks as the then political elite. The principles of which were divisibility (Sich was divided into huts, there were a maximum of 38), territoriality — into palanquins (five or eight), selectivity (Cossacks of the hut belonged to the authorities of the elected smokehouse ataman). Research and analysis of scientific and historical sources have shown that most researchers believe that in


Over the past two decades, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has emerged as the most prominent new star in the firmament of Pacific Island affairs. Depending on the metric used, the PRC is now the second most engaged external power in the region. Beijing has made policy decisions and devoted significant resources during this time to build its stock of soft power in the region to support its expanding influence. Is it reasonable to conclude that China's growing influence in the South Pacific is a consequence of a successful soft-power campaign? This report argues against rushing to such a finding.


that the annual incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) is stable between 15 and 60 cases per million. 1-4 However, since the first modern clinical description of IE by Osler, 5 the profile of the disease has continuously evolved. This fact was highlighted in different epidemiological studies, 6,7 including a French survey of IE performed in 1991, in which the main results, compared with a similar study conducted in 1983, 8 showed (1) stable annual incidence at 24 cases per million; (2) increased age of onset; (3) decreasing proportion of IE on abnormal native valve, compensated by an increased proportion of prosthetic valve IE and native valve IE in patients with previously unrecognized predisposing conditions ; and (4) a changing micro-biologic profile, with an increased proportion of group D streptococci and staphylococci. To update the description of epidemiological , clinical, microbiologic, and outcome characteristics of IE in France, the same group who had conducted the 1991 survey carried out a new survey. Context Since the first modern clinical description of infective endocarditis (IE) at the end of the 19th century, the profile of the disease has evolved continuously, as highlighted in epidemiological studies including a French survey performed in 1991. Objective To update information gained from the 1991 study on the epidemiology of IE in France. Design and Setting Population-based survey conducted from January through De-cember 1999 in all hospitals in 6 French regions representing 26% of the population (16 million inhabitants). Patients Three hundred ninety adult inpatients diagnosed with IE according to Duke criteria.


Hydrolysis Tenebrio molitor L protein not only includes all kinds of amino acids but also hal its unique savoriness and deliciousness,using hydrolysis Tenebrio molitor L protein to make seasoning with rich nutrition and health function has bright future.


The article provides an overview of the representation of the African American in Soviet publications, looking both at works by Soviet writers and at works by African Americans. It discusses an evolution in the representation of both Africans and African Americans in published texts from prerevolutionary exoticist conventions, as in Pierre Loti, or emphasis on their spirituality, as in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, to emphasizing their debased position and the class nature of their oppression. The article discusses the impact of developments in Soviet policies and ideology on this evolution, such as the "Black Belt" doctrine of the Comintern, and traces their impact in works by Claude McKay and Richard Wright, and also in the travelogues of Soviet visitors to the United States, such as Boris Pil'niak, and Il'ia Il'f and Evgeny Petrov.


Scale-free, or fractal, models are prevalent in the study of chromosome structure, dynamics, and mechanics. Recent experiments suggest the existence of scaling relationships; but currently there is no single model consistent with all observed exponents. We present a simple argument characterizing the space of scale-free models for chromosome structure, dynamics, and mechanics and discuss the implications for a consistent treatment. Our framework helps reconciling seemingly contradictory data and identifies specific experimental questions to be addressed in future work.


A bench-scale experiment was conducted to investigate dyestuff degradation under the synergetic action of microwave-ultraviolet photo-catalysis and internal electrolysis,in which simulated wastewater containing Disperse Blue E-4R was treated using an experimental apparatus with microwave electrode-less UV as a light source,activated carbon as a photo-catalyst(TiO2) carrier and activated carbon/ iron chips as the micro-electrodes.Results showed the increased efficiency of photo-catalysis mainly attributed to the synergetic processes in which Fe3+ produced could capture electrons rather than the contribution of photo-Fenton reaction,and in conclusion,the optimum condition for the synergetic action that resulted in removals of 99.56% and 68.45% for colority and COD respectively.


The paper provides an overview of the consequences of 'development' for donkey use and management. It argues that the prevailing 'development' model of economic growth and modernisation marginalises large numbers of people. It tries to show how the use of donkeys has enabled these people to withstand some of the threats to their lives and livelihoods. Even though donkeys have been extensively used by people in many areas in the world, their use has been regarded as synonymous with backwardness, underdevelopment and low status. This is apparent both in traditional attitudes towards donkeys and in the institutional neglect of


Abstract The primary role of the biosensor is to specifically detect an analyte using biochemical reaction or interaction mediated by isolated biomolecules, organelles, whole cells or biomimetic receptors. In terms of construction and function, the biosensor consists of biorecognition element and transducer connected to suitable measurement device. Electrochemical biosensor is an electrode or microelectrode with the surface chemically modified by the biorecognition element. The main problem of analysis with the biosensors is the presence of low and high molecular weight substances in the sample that interfere at the detection of analyte. Due to deposition of surface active compounds the biosensor response may be diminished depending on time of interaction with sample. These effects can be eliminated by using anti-interference membranes. This review deals with preparation and utilization of membranes for the biocomponent immobilization and with outer-sphere protective membranes.


We present and experimentally evaluate Spread Identity SI --a new dynamic network address remapping mechanism that provides anonymity and DDoS defense capabilities for Internet communications. For each session between a source and destination host, the trusted source gateway dynamically and randomly assigns an IP address for the source host from the pool of all routable IP addresses allocated to the source organization. Similarly, in response to a name resolution query from the source gateway, the trusted authoritative DNS server for the destination organization dynamically assigns an IP address for the destination host from the pool of all routable IP addresses allocated to the destination organization. These assignments depend upon the state of the server including load, residual capacity, time of day and policy. Different hosts can share the same IP address when communicating with distinct peers. Each gateway creates a NAT entry, valid for the communication session, based on the dynamic assignment by its organization.An eavesdropper listening to packets flowing through the Internet between the source and destination gateways learns only the source and destination domains; the eavesdropper cannot see the actual complete IP addresses of the source and destination hosts. In addition, SI enhances DDoS defense capabilities by enabling packet filtering based on destination addresses. With multiple IP addresses for the same destination, filtering based on destination addresses can block attackers without necessarily blocking legitimate users. Deploying SI requires changes to organizational gateways and, possibly, to the edge-routers that interface with organizational gateways; but network mechanisms farther upstream, including the core routers in the Internet, remain unchanged. Likewise, the installed base of operating systems running individual hosts in the internal network, together with the end-user application suites they support, remain untouched. SI mechanisms are backward compatible, incrementally deployable, and robustly scalable. A naive implementation of SI can increase the DNS traffic; however, when SI is implemented at both the source and the destination ends, it is possible for SI to reduce DNS traffic.Ns-2 simulations and experiments on the DeterLab test bed corroborate the main hypotheses and demonstrate advantages of the SI paradigm. Ns-2 simulations demonstrate that file transfer success rates for our SI DDoS protection mechanism are similar to those of filter-and capability-based approaches, with lower file transfer times than for filter-based approaches. DeterLab trials demonstrate that SI consumes similar resources connection establishment time, network address translation table size, packet forwarding rate and memory to those of a typical single NAT system, though with higher name resolution times.


The paper indicates from the development of the green buildings and the adjustment technique of the thermal and humidity environment,points out the importance of the adjustment of the thermal and humidity environment and the architectural energy-saving,and surveys the architectural energy-saving measures from the architectural closure structure,the utility of solar energy and heating and ventilating air-conditioner system,so as to realize the sustainable development of the architectural industry.


In a delivery system comprising a center device for delivering content information and an in-vehicle unit, when information on a parking lot that is a delivery destination exists, the center device transmits content information including the information on the parking lot to the in-vehicle unit (step S9). This constitution enables the accurate and rapid provision of parking lot information.


The present invention discloses an insertion algorithm for copper interconnecting dummy metal figures, comprising following steps: a step of dividing a semiconductor element into several non-overlapping square windows with an area of A, a step of conducting logical calculus on each window and dividing the windows into 1 a to-be-inserted zone and 2 a no-insertion zone, a step of determining metal density and line width of the dummy metal figure inserted to each window, and a step of determining the dummy metal figures inserted into the windows according to the metal density and line width, and preset dummy metal figure and display manner. The beneficial effect of the insertion algorithm lies in the fact that by preventing the defect of maximizing filling density based on regular filling method due to the adoption of a reasonable metal density and a reasonable line width, and by combining the consideration about the effect of line width and density on the surface appearance of the copper after plate processing and chemical-mechanical polishing based on the filling method of models, a preferable planarization effect can be reached.


The invention discloses a gait-based wearable flexible knee joint robot exoskeleton facility which comprises a power and control system (4), a left knee joint airbag executing component (5), a right knee joint airbag executing component (6), a left foot pressure switch component (7), a right foot pressure switch component (8), a left foot posture sensor (9), a right foot posture sensor (10) and an air tube component (11), wherein a control circuit system (205) is used for controlling the output flow of a micro air pump A (203) and a micro air pump B (204) in real time, positive pressure and negative pressure are provided for the left knee joint airbag executing component (5) and the right knee joint airbag executing component (6) according to rules of gaits, and torque for assisting knee joints to bend and stretch in accordance with the gaits is provided for left and right legs in the walking process.


Suicidal behavior is a major health problem causing more than 1 million deaths worldwide each year. The risk of suicide-related behavior is supposed to be determined by a complex interplay of sociocultural factors, psychiatric history, personality traits, and genetic as well as neurobiological vulnerability. Personality traits like impulsivity, anger or aggression are valuable intermediate phenotypes in the search for the genetics of such a complex trait. This review will summarize genetic factors of phenotypes as risk factors for suicidal behavior. There is hope that simpler, quantifiable measures will be more elementary compared to clinical phenotypes. It is assumed that the number of genes required to produce variations in these traits may be fewer than those involved in producing a diagnostic entity. Further understanding of the genetics and pathophysiology of suicidal behavior is therefore very important.


[Winter conditions on Mauna Kea are indicated approximately by the records of the Wilkes expedition at similar altitudes on Mauna Loa (Dec. 22, 1840-Jan. 13, 1841). The Wilkes party recorded, on the summit, temperatures as high as 55° and as low as 16°, with the daily range usually between 50° and 17'° and the mean about freezing. In contrast to the prevailing light Trade winds experienced by the Mauna Kea party in August, Wilkes' stay was interrupted, on Jan. 8, 1841, by a southwest storm reaching force 9, bringing light snow. It is well-known that, by the end of winter, deep snow drifts have accumulated on Mauna Kea, but accurate measurements of snowfall are not available. From a joint consideration of the existing climate and the evidences of local glaciation during the Pleistocene it is believed by Dr. C. K. Wentworth (personal communication) that a lowering of the mean annual temperature of 10 °F would initiate glaciation in the summit area of Mauna Kea. In a paper by Herbert E. Gregory and Chester K. Wentworth (General Features and Glacial Geology of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, vol. 48, 1937, pp. 1719-1742) on pp. 1727-1729 there is a discussion of climate. The annual precipitation at Lake Waiau is estimated at less than 15 inches, by extrapolation and a general consideration of climate on high mountains in Hawaii. Snowfall in the winter months is to be expected above 10,000 feet. Snow occasionally falls in summer. The most severe storm in 25 years, according to local observers, in Feb., 1926, covered the mountain with snow down to 7,000 feet. Sleet has been reported several times. An early winter report (Dec., 1833) describes Lake Waiau as about half frozen over. The lake water freezes almost every night throughout the year, around the edges. The mean winter temperature is estimated to be about 30°, with a mean annual range from 19' to 41° and an extreme range from 10° to 45°. (All temperatures refer to Lake Waiau.)—S. B. Jones.] (To be Continued)


The rapidly increasing number of people diagnosed with diabetes presents a major challenge for primary care teams. Self-care is a largely untapped resource.


Some essays and papers confirm that the right time of Liaoshen Decisive Battle was in August 1948.But this thesis points out that the right time should be in the May,1948,when the People's Liberation Army got ready in every aspect to launch the decisive attack.The reason that the decisive attack was not launched on time was that the general headquarters didn't make decision to on time.


The prognosis for pelvic inflammatory diseases defines unresolved inflammation and adhesions, which ultimately can lead to disruption of reproductive function.Integrated anti-bacterial, enzymatic and immunomodulatory therapy reduces the risk of residual complications.


The determinants of public opinion on foreign aid in donor countries have received little attention. This paper examines support for foreign aid with a large, multi-level, cross-national study. Hypotheses are tested with multi-level models, including both individual-level and country-level variables, to predict positive attitudes. Two datasets are used to measure attitudes in donor countries: (1) the 1995 World Values Survey, which has information from approximately 6,000 individuals in nine countries and asks a rich battery of questions at the individual level; (2) the 2002 Gallup Voice of the People survey, asks fewer questions of individuals but contains 17 donor countries. Using both surveys combines their distinct strengths and allows tests of individual- and national-level theories across disparate samples. Results generally support the predictions that attitudes toward aid are influenced by religiosity, beliefs about the causes of poverty, awareness of international affairs, and trust in people and institutions.


DEFAULT block cipher presented at ASIACRYPT 2021 was specially designed against differential fault attack (DFA). However, the security of DEFAULT against Information Combining Differential Fault Attack (IC-DFA) was further checked at EUROCRYPT 2022. It is illustrated that IC-DFA can recover the secret key of DEFAULT with less than 100 faults and negligible computational complexity. In this article, a variant cipher based on linear structure and dynamic secret S-box (called DEFAULT-DS) is proposed. More precisely, DEFAULT-DS introduces 15 secret S-boxes, where the selection of these S-boxes is determined by using the round subkey. Moreover, the experimental results show that DEFAULT-DS achieves better security level and stronger resistance against DFA compared with original DEFAULT. In particular, DEFAULT-DS can resist to both the classical DFA and IC-DFA. Furthermore, the software implementation complexity of DEFAULT-DS is similar as DEFAULT.


M.K.R., and the macro-M.K.R. were only once wrongly negative; (b) the Sachs-Witebsky was never wrongly positive, and was more sensitive than the original Sachs-Georgi, but not than the Wassermann; (c) the B.W. Sachs-Georgi was the most unsatisfactory and gave most ' doubtfuls,' whilst the macro-M.K.R. and Sachs-Witebsky gave least; (d) the M.K.R. reactions were superior to all others in sensitivity. A routine procedure is suggested, consisting of applying a micro-M.K.R. to all admissions, and testing the positives by means of a macro-M.K.R. By this means a correct diagnosis is likely to be arrived at in at least 99 7 per cent. of cases. C. S. R.


It's no great secret that epidemics have an impact on society. In addition to their immediate toll of death and suffering, history records multiple examples of their ability to alter our patterns of behavior, to affect local and national economies, to influence the laws that we pass, and to bring about changes in the way that organizations operate, among other effects. The ongoing epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 is no exception to this observation. And while COVID-19's immense death toll may be its most obvious and immediately relevant impact, public health managers and practitioners should also pay close attention to the pandemic's influence on organizations within our public health system and the ways in which it has and will continue to influence the delivery of public health services. Recognizing the variety of organizations that constitute America's public health system, and understanding how these organizations function and interact with one another, is critical to achieving many of the stated core competencies of public health professionals. And this understanding must encompass much more than an awareness of lines of authority or a detailing of who performs what function and when. Why? Because increasingly, theories explaining how organizations are structured and the contextual factors that influence their performance and interactions with one another are being used to better understand the factors that can affect the successful delivery of clinical and community health services. Traditional models of health care delivery, including the delivery of population health services, envision a linear "pipeline" extending from the researchers who develop and test new methods and technologies through to the practitioners who implement these new interventions in clinical or public


Can music really be said to exist without someone to listen to it? Anyone reading the works of musicologists – and even of social historians of music – might be forgiven for thinking so. Listeners had no place on Guido Adler's original agenda for musicology and they have had little attention since. While we have learnt much about composers and composition, performers and performing practice, patrons and impresarios, publishers and publishing, the ordinary listener has hardly had a look-in. (William Weber's pioneering work, Music and the Middle Class, is an important exception.) In the current vogue for analysis they are replaced by a kind of ideal listener, or in effect disappear altogether; whatever else it is, analysts' music is not music as it is heard by most actual listeners, with their 'favourite passages' and emotional reactions. And if not simply ignored, listeners are often regarded as pitiably unadventurous, indifferent to 'form', easily seduced by catchy tunes, extra-musical programmes and flamboyant personalities; the notion that music history is made by listeners as well as by composers and performers seems almost perverse. Almost the only audiences which have been studied with anv degree of sophistication are those for rock and pop. We have learnt much about the producers of music; the listeners remain a great unknown.


: A cognitive map is an oriented graph whose nodes are labeled by concepts and edges represent influences. It provides a way to model strategies or influence systems. Cognitive maps do not take into account any temporal features. This article proposes a solution to this lack: a temporal cognitive map model defined on a temporal ontology. The temporal ontology is used to represent temporal domain knowledge and to temporally characterize the concepts of the cognitive map. An extension, named TCMQL, of the cognitive map query language CMQL, is proposed in order to access the concepts' temporality and compare them making inferences.


Our purpose in this article is to develop a framework for studying organizational arrangements used by Chinese Global firms in allocating work and managing human resources in the international context. Our framework based on human capital theory, transaction cost economics, and resource-based view of the firm investigate four factors: institutional, demographic, legislative, and educational changes in China, drawing some of the main challenges in Human Resources Management (HRM) for both Chinese and foreign firms. The paper contains a brief review of literature concerning the role of human capital in economic growth, then it focuses on the recent evolution of the Chinese labor market, and finally, it draws some implications for human capital management in China from global point of view. Our general framework contribute: first, to the formulation of research hypothesis of convergence (or divergence) of HRM practices in global markets, second, it emphasizes the relationship between the institutional and country's specificities of labor market and the HRM, and last it shows some effects of institutional policies and reforms on the quality and the availability of human capital China. These three points seem to support a broad idea of competitiveness based on labor market efficiency and how the internationalization strategies depend on the sources of human capital.


Introduction: Accurate assessment of burn wound depth is important because it determines the choice of treatment and prognosis. Clinical evaluation remains the most commonly used modality with its accuracy varies from 50% to 70%. This study was conducted to assess the accuracy and feasibility of burn wound depth using noninvasive noncontact technique using infrared thermometry. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients' burn wounds depth was classified clinically into full-thickness, deep partial-thickness, or superficial partial-thickness burns. Thermometry was performed on 3rd day of burn injury using the handheld infrared thermometer. A punch biopsy was taken from all three areas (deep, deep-partial, and superficial-partial burns). A correlation between surface temperature and depth of burn by histopathology was done. Results: 12/15 patients total burn surface area (TBSA < 65%) survived and three patients (TBSA > 65%) died. In 11/12survivors, thermometry correctly predicted final burn depth. One of 12 burns superficial burn was wrongly assessed clinically as full thickness but was correctly classified by thermometry and healed within 21 days without surgery. 3/12 burns on clinical assessment thought to be superficial were deep; two were correctly predicted by thermometry. Conclusions: Handheld infrared thermometer can be used in conjunction with clinical examination to improve the efficacy of burn wound depth assessment.


The standards of GJB 151A/152A-97 are the guiding principles and the basic of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)test for military electronic and electric products.Some common and especial problems based on the standards of GJB 151A/152A-97 for EMC test are discussed,and some experiences and questions are introduced,the purpose is to improve our ability of EMC test through communication.