The article examines the relationship between tragedy and Greek democracy starting from the category of «stasis». Focused on this notion, the text proposes two exercises that articulate and demonstrate the relationship between tragedy and democracy. First, it focuses on the question about the «stasis» and how this relationship will be conceptualized in the investigation by examining five dimensions contained in that category: the eristic conception of language; the notion of «agon» as a political principle of conflict; the notion of «ergon» as a conception of political action; the ethical substance that inspires it; and the event of excessiveness contained in the notion of «hybris». Second, the text examines and identifies, in a preliminary way, a relationship of tension and distinction between the Greek concepts of «stasis» and «polemos», both present and constitutive in the configuration of tragedy and Greek democracy. Through these two exercises the text postulates the possibility of a genealogical thinking about the tragic character of democracy.


Alfie Kohn argues that developing caring, thoughtful citizens is a preferable end for character education than the obedient, unreflective workers many current programs (without practitioners realizing) may be cultivating. He argues that focusing on classroom culture rather than a narrow instructional program more effectively facilitates character development. I argue in this paper for further broadening the focus to include school culture. A group of schools in New York City belonging to the Center for Collaborative Education founded by Deborah Meier model ways to develop the caring and reflective community Kohn advocates. I describe this model contrasting it with less desirable cultures based on my year observing and teaching in sixteen member and nonmember inner city public schools. My conclusion suggests this model's alignment with Kohn's notions of character education.


Current developments of dependable software systems require that developers from different engineering branches perform a cross-checked analysis to evaluate the impact of diverse viewpoints across multiple models. A change on any representation during the development process increases costs and risks since it requires synchronization of models by updating, and then re-verifying/validating each model. This paper presents a novel approach that reduces the co-development effort by enabling system developers who have different viewpoints of the same system architecture, to deal with a single and shared model (no models interfaced with each other as proposed by existing solutions). The modeling technique initially proposed tackles the above challenge by merging the notation of control and software requirements into a single system model. Thus, the impact of changes in the notation of control design can be reflected in the software ones, and vice versa so that the modifications are automatically included when rechecking each model. This paper shows results from an initial merger of models by combining control and software diagrams, a discussion on suitability of modeling technologies, and future research work.


This paper discussed the effect on the factor biased technology progress of embodied international technology spillovers in the GTAP. First,the simulation validate the assumption that technical progress of the second industry causes capital augmenting technical change, and that of the third industry causes labor technical change;Second,the effects of intermediate input by North America in China's three industries' augmenting technology change are all positive, and the effect of the second industry are larger than that of the third industry.


The aim of this thesis is to develop a business plan for the establishment of home health care services in the company EHT GROUP, s.r.o. The health care service is provided to clients in their own home environment 7 days a week 24 hours a day. To create this business plan it was necessary to find out what the demand for this service is and whether the business plan will be successful. Whether there is a sufficient number of companies providing this service in the South Moravian Region. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the practical part, several types of analyzes were used to determine the current situation, which describe demographic development, population aging, competitive environment and client preferences in the given area. The questionnaire survey of residents and doctors in the South Moravian Region shows great interest in this health service and positive perception of treatment in the home environment. Other analyzes showed insufficient and uneven coverage of services in the South Moravian Region, especially in the Brno-venkov district.The research shows, that expanding home health care in less accessible areas is a necessary project and will provide clients with better accessible and quality care in their homes, while achieving positive economic parameters. Based on the findings, a specific business plan was developed.


The article is devoted to the aesthetic-philosophical reflection characteristics arising in the process of interaction between the aesthetic subject and artifacts of virtual reality. Analyzes the ontological essence of virtual reality and its specific relationship with the aesthetic subject, the role of the interface between man and virtuality with the position of the aesthetic relationship of subject and object, its evolution and future prospects. Discusses interactivity as a key instrument of recipient interaction with the virtual world on the basis of which it becomes possible to talk about virtual aesthetics in General. It is shown that virtuality has a special temporality, appearing only at the moment when the system physical media begins to function in a certain sequence. The conclusion is made about the role of virtuality for es-thetic experience of modern man, and for the further prospect of Islands evolution of the virtual environment from the point of view of aesthetics.


Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors or originators and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We are deeply grateful to the Netalyzr users for enabling this study and to our beta testers for the insightful comments and feedback. We would particularly like to thank Abstract In this paper we present Netalyzr, a network measurement and debugging service that evaluates the functionality provided by people's Internet connectivity. The design aims to prove both comprehensive in terms of the properties we measure and easy to employ and understand for users with little technical background. We structure Netalyzr as a signed Java applet (which users access via their Web browser) that communicates with a suite of measurement‐specific servers. Traffic between the two then probes for a diverse set of network properties, including outbound port filtering, hidden in‐network HTTP caches, DNS manipulations, NAT behavior, path MTU issues, IPv6 support, and access‐modem buffer capacity. In addition to reporting results to the user, Netalyzr also forms the foundation for an extensive measurement of edge‐network properties. To this end, along with describing Netalyzr's architecture and system implementation, we present a detailed study of 112,000 measurement sessions that the service has recorded since we made it publicly available in June 2009.


A corrosion test system has been assembled that is capable of evaluating inhibitors under high-pressure CO2 environments. The system features once-through flow, which allows good simulation of field operations. Tests have been performed with brine and brine/oil mixtures with a typical water-soluble and oil-soluble inhibitor. The oil-soluble inhibitor was effective in reducing the corrosion rate under high CO2 pressure while the water-soluble inhibitor was not.


Cotton red rot caused by Fusarium moniliforme seriously endangers cotton by causing the rot of buds,stem bases and roots of cotton at seedling phase,and resulting in boll rot in boll stage.The incidence and severity of the disease have been developing with the extending of Bt-transgenic cotton in the recent years in Anhui,China.In order to explore the population structure of the causal organism,the vegetative compatibility groups(VCGs) of the pathogenic fungus were tested by applying the nitrate nonutilizing(nit) mutant complementation technique.The isolates of F.moniliforme were isolated from cotton red rot diseased bolls collected from Xiaoxian,Chuzhou,Changfeng,Wuwei,Susong and Shexian in Anhui Province.The 12 tested single conidium strains obtained from the isolates above by single spore isolation were then transplanted on KPS plates to mutagenize nit mutants by referring to Correll′s method.After the tested cultures were incubated for 7 to 10 days at 25℃ in darkness,the fast-growing sectors and/or dot-form mutation colonies appeared.232 nit mutants were recovered from the 12 single conidium strains of F.moniliforme by transferring chlorate resistant sectors from KPS medium to MM medium.The four mutant types named nit A,nit B,nit C,and nit D were obtained from different nitrogen media.Nit A was the most common type,which accounted for 77%.Next were nit B and nit C,with the rates of 11% and 10%,respectively.The least one was nit D,with the rate of about 2%.Nit A,nit B and/or nit C were selected to study vegetative compatibility of all isolates.The result showed that all isolates tested were divided into six distinctive VCGs.The isolates of CZ1,CZ2 and CZ3 belonged to VCG Ⅰ.The isolates of SX1,SX2 and SX3 belonged to VCG Ⅱ.The isolate of CF1 belonged to VCG Ⅲ.The isolate of SS1 belonged to VCG Ⅳ.The isolate of WW1 belonged to VCG Ⅴ.The isolates of XX1,XX2 and XX3 belonged to VCG Ⅵ.Complementation reaction occurred between the different nit mutant phenotypes derived from the same parental strain or different strain of the same VCG.Complementation occurred readily and reliably in nit B which was used to identify the vegetative compatibility group to which the tested isolates belongs.No complementation reaction was observed between any nit mutants recovered from the strains of different VCGs.The results mentioned above revealed the population structure of the causal organism and provided a special reference to the population genetics analyses and to the integrated control of cotton red rot caused by the fungus.


Two different biodegradable polyesters [polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV)] were blended with a maize starch that had high amylose content through the use different reactive approaches. The compatibilization of both systems was obtained. PCL/starch composites were obtained by the addition of a third reactive component that was able to act as a coupling agent, and the reactive interface of PHBV/starch composites was improved during blending with an organic peroxide. Thermal, morphological, and mechanical characterization showed that the compatibilized composite materials had better final proprieties than neat materials or composites prepared without compatibilization. Finally, the degradation of all prepared materials by a compost simulation test was investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1432–1442, 2002


Volume 85, Number 3 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 271 A 50-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a diffuse rash that appeared four months earlier. The rash began on the upper extremities and gradually spread to her entire body. It was pruritic and associated with subjective fever and chills. Some of the lesions were pustular and crusting. She did not have a history of skin problems, and she had not been exposed to any new body creams, medications, detergents, or foods. The patient also noted a lump in her right breast at the same time the rash appeared. She had not seen a physician previously for the lump. She had a significant history of tobacco use and a family history of breast cancer in an aunt. On examination, her blood pressure was 176/84 mm Hg, and her pulse was 113 beats per minute. The breast examination revealed a 3-cm, firm mass in the right outer quadrant that was fixed to underlying structures. There were peau d'orange changes surrounding the areola and a single palpable right axillary lymph node. She had generalized erythema and desquamation of the scalp, face, chest, back, and extremities with crusting and weeping of the skin surface (see accompanying figure). No lesions were noted on the palms or soles.


This paper explored the relationship between building geometry and renewable energy production of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Heat gain was incorporated as a conflicting constraint with respect to energy performance. The building façade was mathematically analyzed by taking into account heat transfer pertaining to site conditions along with different parameters that included shading, orientation, PV tilts (β) and surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) as a measure of building compactness. The study involved calculating the impact of each parameter on the convection, conduction and radiation components of the incoming solar energy. S/V was shown to be directly proportional to the amount of solar energy received by the façades and gained by the building in the form of heat. The positive correlation of heat gain with S/V was nearly linear with a slope of around 41.8 kWh/m2/m−1 and a mean of approximately 3.4 times more. With the most suitable geometry in terms of net energy gain, S/V of 0.14 m−1 yielded the highest difference between energy production and heat gain. In terms of β, the results demonstrated negative slope of energy production with respect to the tilt at about 2.12 times higher than that displayed by heat gain. Accounting for inter-building effects, a shading reduction equal to d percent can be estimated to an increase of 1.37d degrees in β at a building consumption of 60 kWh/m2.


The reaction of (eta5-C5Me5)(CO)2FeP=C(SiMe3)2 (1) with the isocyanides arylNC (2: aryl = Ph (a), 2-MeC6H4 (b), 2,6-Me2C6H3 (c)) in benzene at 20-degrees-C afforded the transition-metal-functionalized iminophosphiranes 3a-c as red crystalline solids. The novel compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods (IR, H-1, C-13, and P-31 NMR, and mass spectroscopy). The molecular structure of the iminophosphirane (eta5-C5Me5)(CO)2FePC-(SiMe3)2C=NPh (3a) was established by a complete single-crystal diffraction study (space group, C2/c; Z = 8, a = 27.214(4) angstrom, b = 15.146(2) angstrom, c = 15.854(2) angstrom, beta = 114.350(10)-degrees).


The second dual variety of a Segre-Hirzebruch surface linearly normally embedded in a projective space as a 2-regular rational conic bundle is studied by relating it to the classical dual variety of another linearly normal embedding of the underlying surface. These varieties are shown to be birational, and an upper bound on the dimensions of their singular loci is given.


1. A marked increase of the serum sialic acid was observed in the course of the development of the transplanted dbrB mammary adenocarcinoma in DBA/1 female mice. A slight initial rise in serum sialic acid occurred before the tumors became palpable.

2. Only a slight increase of the serum sialic acid level was observed in C3H mice with spontaneous mammary tumors.


The sugar industry in the island of St. Kitts came to a close in 2005 and so too did a long period of monoculture and possibly a culture and lifestyle of a people that affectionately refer to their country as Sugar City. Sugar was cultivated on approximately 4,500 hectares and there is now a dire need for replacement commodities that fit within the social, economic and environmental landscape of the country. Sugar cane cultivation and sugar production provided good-paying jobs and was the main source of income for many households. The crop provided a high degree of soil conservation and was a boon to the tourism industry. In addition, sugar was a substantial source of foreign exchange and provided some diversification to a tourism dependent economy. In selecting alternatives to sugar, the social, economic and environmental considerations must take into account the issues presented by globalization and trade liberalization. The Government has started the process by approving an externally funded Stevia project and announcing plans for methanol production and co-generation of electricity from sugarcane. However, attention also is being drawn to some non-sugar commodities that were grown in St. Kitts on a small scale during the sugar dominant period. It is felt that these may be competitive on the international market thereby providing employment and foreign exchange, while catering to the needs of the rural population. This research aims to assess four of the non-sugar agricultural commodities, for which there is cost of production data to determine profitability, international competitiveness and comparative advantage. The research also will aim to provide policy recommendations towards a more conducive environment for the identified competitive commodities. The main hypothesis of this research is that commodities of (i) Pumpkin, (ii) Peanut (iii) Sweet Potato and (iv) Onion grown in St.. Kitts/Nevis conditions are internationally competitive and present good diversification alternatives to sugar. The main research tool was the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). This was used to assess the four commodities for international competitiveness and comparative advantage. The research also involved the collection of secondary and primary data to input into the matrix and determine the relative importance of these four commodities in St. Kitts. The results of the assessment show that all four commodities are profitable, competitive and have comparative advantage. These characters are highest for the export commodities of Pumpkin and sweet potato and lowest for the import-competing products of onion and peanuts. The level of government support to gross farm revenues is 4% for pumpkin and sweet potato, 3% for peanuts and 12% for onions. Referencing the level of value-added to per-capita GDP indicates that peanuts are not an attractive diversification alternative. Policy recommendations are for an expansion of the production of the commodities of pumpkins, sweet potato and onions, together with efforts to reduce the impediments to market penetration.


Prothoracicostatic peptide is one of insect brain neuropeptides, which was observed to inhibit the prothoracic glands of the silkworms, Bombyx mori, at active stage of ecdysone biosynthesis, in the experiments in vitro. In the present paper, prothoracicostatic peptide was injected into the silkworms in different dosages with different methods, single or strengthened injection, and hemolyms were taken thereafter in different intervals. By using 3H-ecdysteriod-radioimmunoassay, a remarkable in vivo activity of prothoracicostatic peptide and developmental changes of ecdysteroid titer in the silkworm in vivo, caused by prothoracicostatic peptide treatment were gained. This is the first evidence that prothoracicostatic peptide significantly inhibits ecdysteroidogenesis in an insect in vivo.


When bulky fibroids are discovered during pregnancy, they can become acutely complicated. The question of their resection thus arises. The authors report a case of a woman who was diagnosed at eight weeks' gestation by ultrasound and then by MRI, with a uterine fibroma measuring 22x12x15 cm.


Leading the cultural contribution in colleges and universities with the system of socialist core values is a necessarily approach for colleges and universities to carry out the educational policy of the Party comprehensively,to cultivate the "Four Haves"(have revolutionary ideals,sound morals,good education and a strong sense of discipline) people of a new type of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and to construct the harmonious campus.Constructing the campus culture should hold high the banner of Marxist guiding ideology,should highlight the theme of common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics,should promote and develop the national spirit and the times spirit,and should rely on the basic of the socialist outlook on honor and shame.


A novel nanofibrous mat featuring an ultraviolet (UV)‐induced CO₂‐responsive behavior was fabricated via electrospinning and used as a controlled drug release system. First, a random copolymer for electrospinning, poly(N,N‐diethylaminoethyl acrylamide‐co‐N‐benzylacrylamide‐co‐N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(2‐nitrobenzyl)‐ethaneamine acrylamide‐co‐4‐acryloyloxy benzophenone) [P(DEEA‐co‐BA‐co‐DMNOBA‐co‐ABP)], was prepared based on pentafluorophenyl esters via an "active ester‐amine" chemistry reaction. Subsequently, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)‐loaded P(DEEA‐co‐BA‐co‐DMNOBA‐co‐ABP) nanofibers were fabricated, yielding a new drug‐loaded nanofibrous mat as a potential wound dressing. These DOX‐loaded nanofibers can respond to UV irradiation and CO₂ stimulation. Interestingly, without UV irradiation, the fabricated nanofibers cannot exhibit any responsiveness. Therefore, the majority of the DOX was steadily stored in the nanofibers, even in the presence of CO₂. However, upon UV irradiation, the CO₂‐responsive behavior of the nanofibers was activated and the prepared nanofibers swelled slightly, resulting in the release of around 42% DOX from the nanofibers. Upon further purging with CO₂, the release amount of DOX from the nanofibers could reach up to approximately 85%, followed by the morphological transition from a nanofibrous mat to a porous hydrogel film. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1580–1586


ed, object-based approach to the input definitions, it was fairly easy to remove this explicit behavior and automatically determine the components needed in a simulation based on the job characteristics, motion types, etc. Finally, it is worth noting that Kestrel performs the same validation checks on the input data at run time that were accomplished during the job setup, protecting the user against incorrect manual modifications to the inputs. This has proven to be helpful to users since the complexity of the input file increases rapidly with more involved cases. B. Input Management and Consolidation One of the more important behind-the-scenes pieces of the Kestrel code base is the shared utility code that collects and "normalizes" all of the disparate user inputs collected into the hierarchical XML input file into a format that each of the execution components can easily utilize – termed the "body hierarchy" (inspired by Ref. 6). The body hierarchy has two main purposes. First, it collects all of the inputs and presents them to each of the components in a manner such that the component can only extract the inputs it cares about (e.g., the control surface motion component on a particular compute rank only cares about the control surface definitions on the body being computed on the local rank). The implementation includes a number of helper methods to assist components with extracting the desired component-specific inputs from the rich body hierarchy data structure. Second, the body hierarchy converts all input data into a user-specified unit system, a user-specified scale, and an internal coordinate system so that individual components do not have to worry about those types of conversions. The XML input file represents each section of the user inputs in its own specific coordinate and unit system as requested by the user. At run time, the body hierarchy reconciles various input contexts and resolves inputs into the common unit system, scale, and coordinate system. C. Setup Validation Even with the measures taken to try to reduce errors associated with the simulation inputs, it is likely that problems will still exist due to a misunderstanding of a particular input definition, user mistakes, etc. Therefore, Kestrel includes a utility called "jobview" that allows users to visualize their complex simulation setups and see how Kestrel will interpret the job inputs. Jobview displays the surface meshes of each of the bodies in their assembled state. The user is then free to interact with the view by panning, rotating, zooming, and selecting additional view options that decorate the scene with icons that illustrate how the inputs are interpreted. Examples of inputs that can be shown are boundary condition on each patch, center of mass for each body, arrows indicating the location, direction, and relative magnitude of external forces, bounds of the Cartesian mesh and size of the coarsest cell (Cartesian off-body paradigm), structural nodes, and tap points. Jobview performs the same operations that Kestrel does when it prepares a job for simulation. This includes converting to the internal coordinate system, scaling to match the user-specified unit system and simulation scale, and rotating/translating into the assembled position according to the body relationships. When setting up a simulation that entails multiple bodies and/or motions of any kind, jobview is indispensible and makes mistakes with the various interconnected inputs very clear. Figure 4 shows a screenshot of the jobview display for an assembled mesh system and some selected inputs.


Photoelectric saturation is the difficult technical problem in laser simulating system. Pyroelectric detectors depend upon alternating signal,based on which a new kind of laser training system was developed,and the problem of direct light was solved. The structure,basic principle are described. It is proved by experiment that the system is credible and applied.


The ability of Diatomaceous earth (DAE) in reducing the detrimental effects of aflatoxin (AF) in broiler diet was evaluated. DAE was supplemented @ 400 and 800 mg Kg −1 of feed along with 0.5 and 1 ppm of AF Kg −1 of feed. A total of 360 healthy day old broiler chicks were divided into 9 groups comprising of control and treatment groups. Feeding of AF caused increased relative weight of liver, kidneys, heart and pancreas compared to the control group. However, the relative weight of thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius decreased in the aflatoxin fed birds. The prominent gross lesions were enlargement, yellowish discoloration, friable texture, varying degree of congestion in liver and kidneys. The lymphoid organs revealed reduction in size of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Histopathologically, liver revealed congestion, cellular swelling and fatty changes, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, periportal and perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells and connective tissue proliferation. Kidneys revealed mild to moderate degree of congestion and haemorrhages, tubular epithelial degeneration and infiltration of mononuclear cells along with heterophils. Lymphocytolysis and depletion of lymphoid cells were seen in thymus, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and caecal tonsils. Intestines showed degeneration and necrosis of villus epithelium.


OBJECTIVE
To establish the norms of Sub-Health Measurement Scale (SHMS V1.0) for Chinese urban residents.

METHODS
Using a multistage stratified sampling method, we conducted a large-scale epidemiological investigation among 15 066 urban residents sampled from 6 regions in China, including Tianjin City (north China), Guangdong Province (south China), Anhui Province (central south China), Sichuan Province (southwest China), Lanzhou City (northwest China) and Harbin City (northeast China). The mean, percentile and threshold norms were established based on the characteristics of SHMS V1.0 scores for Chinese urban residents.

RESULTS
The mean and percentile norms of total, physical, mental and social sub-health of Chinese urban residents were established according to gender and different age groups (14-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64 and ≥65 years). The threshold norms of SHMS V1.0 divided 5 health states, namely disease, severe sub-health, moderate subhealth, mild sub-health and healthy states according to the Mean±SD and Mean±0.5SD of the converted scores.

CONCLUSIONS
The norms of Sub-Health Measurement Scale (SHMS V1.0) for Chinese urban residents were established, which provides a reference for rapid screening and diagnosis of sub-health status in Chinese urban residents and facilitates further study of the prevalence and contributing factors of sub-health.


Senior NHS leaders have called for the UK's largest group of registered homeopaths to have its accreditation revoked amid concerns that some practitioners are spreading misinformation about vaccines.

In a letter to the Professional Standards Authority (PSA) for Health and Social Care, NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens and national medical director Stephen Powis expressed "serious concerns" about the possible reaccreditation of the Society of Homeopaths. Such a seal …


Carbon conversion efficiencies were determined for the bacterial utilization of lignocellulosic detritus in waters from an estuarine and a freshwater wetland. Conversion efhciencies during bacterial growth on lignocellulose averaged -309'0 in both estuarine (salt marsh) and freshwater (Okefenokec Swamp) samples. Our estimates of bacterial growth efficiencies on refractory particulate detritus arc twofold to threefold higher than previous estimates owing, in large part, to the higher biovolumc-to-carbon conversion factor (0.22 g C cm-3) used in the present study to convert bacterial biovolumes into units of carbon. Bacterial growth cm lignocellulosic detritus was N limited in salt-marsh water and P limited in Okefenokec water; carbon conversion efficiencies increased to 450/0upon addition of ammonium and phosphate to salt-marsh and Okefenokee incubations, respectively. These results indicate that bacterial biomass produced at the expense of lignocellulosic detritus is likely to be an importan ( nutrient source to food webs in aquatic ecosystems with an abundance of macrophyte detritus and favorable conditions for microbial decomposition.


The new translations of Freud into English highlight the question as to the nature of Freud's quest and achievement. They show a livelier Freud than the Strachey translations (Freud, 1953-1974), who used everyday language in his work instead of trying to establish a new technical vocabulary for an esoteric new discipline. However, with the new Penguin editions thus far, fresh Freud is no longer lost in translation. The Standard Edition was created importantly to create an authoritative international trademark and was made more natural "scientific" in appearance. The fresh translations show a Freud in tune with Karl Popper's (1976) approach in his later work that viewed science as essentially problem solving. The example of "Mourning and Melancholia" (Freud, 1917/ 1964, 1917/1981, 1917/2005) is discussed as an exercise in exploration, conjectures, criticism, construct formation, and problem solving. Translation issues are discussed. Instead of being a particular trade mark, the very fact of there being new and different translations opens Freud's works to further questioning about their meanings and intents in the marketplace of ideas and practices


The effects of different basic media (MS, NP and VW), different carbon sources (Maltose and Sorbitol) and different organic compounds (Coconut juice, Potato and Banana) on the differentiation of protocormlike body (PLB) and the growth of young shoots from Phalaenopsis were investigated. The growth of young shoots differentiated from PLBs cultured on NP and VW basic media is better than that on MS basic media. When NP and VW are used as basic media separately, the growth of the aboveground part of young shoots cultured on NP media is better than that on VW media while VW media is better for the growth of young plants' roots. Both coconut juice and potato added separately to the basic media are better for the growth of young shoots than banana. Sucrose is the best one among the three carbon sources used in this research for the differentiation and growth of young shoots from Phalaenopsis.


Faults are inevitable in building energy systems, such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. With the increasing utilization of these systems, their fault detection and diagnosis has become more significant for maintaining their operation and performance. The rapid development of data analytics has led to fault detection and diagnosis using data-based algorithms considering building intelligence. Feature engineering, which focuses on generating near minimum and optimal model inputs from the original dataset, is a fundamental technique to balance efficiency and accuracy of fault detection and diagnosis models. The generated inputs are fault features which ensures a better description of fault operations owing to their stronger fault indicative capability than original data. However, since most feature engineering research has been implemented alongside the development of data-based algorithms, most studies fail to effectively distinguish and understand their roles in fault detection and diagnosis models. To fill this research gap, this study presented the problems and mechanisms associated with feature engineering, comprehensively reviewed about 200 papers on the topic of feature engineering for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration system fault detection and diagnosis tasks over the past 15 years. Firstly, feature engineering studies are divided according to their feature-generation technique, into manual and automated techniques. Next, feature engineering studies are analysed in terms of data type, system type, fault type, operation statue, methods and fault features. The desirable characteristics of feature engineering works are then discussed in terms of their capability of rapidly generating indicative, decoupled, interpretable and new fault features to enhance fault detection and diagnosis accuracy; the efficiency, reliability and robustness of feature engineering process; the mutual adaptability between feature engineering and fault detection and diagnosis; and their widespread applicability for more fault types and system operations. The challenges affecting feature engineering studies are discussed in terms of data volume, data diversity and quality, along with the performance evaluation of feature engineering with respect to feature engineering algorithms, fault detection and diagnosis models, fault features and online application constraints. Future work should aim to design a hybrid, heuristic, robust and automated feature engineering strategy under the guidance of expert knowledge and practical application constraints that consider the relationships between fault-related features and real-time fault impacts with energy consumption, occupants' thermal comfort, etc.


Video analytics systems based on deep learning approaches are becoming the basis of many widespread applications including smart cities to aid people and traffic monitoring. These systems necessitate massive amounts of labeled data and training time to perform fine tuning of hyper-parameters for object classification. We propose a cloud based video analytics system built upon an optimally tuned deep learning model to classify objects from video streams. The tuning of the hyper-parameters including learning rate, momentum, activation function and optimization algorithm is optimized through a mathematical model for efficient analysis of video streams. The system is capable of enhancing its own training data by performing transformations including rotation, flip and skew on the input dataset making it more robust and self-adaptive. The use of in-memory distributed training mechanism rapidly incorporates large number of distinguishing features from the training dataset - enabling the system to perform object classification with least human assistance and external support. The validation of the system is performed by means of an object classification case-study using a dataset of 100GB in size comprising of 88,432 video frames on an 8 node cloud. The extensive experimentation reveals an accuracy and precision of 0.97 and 0.96 respectively after a training of 6.8 hours. The system is scalable, robust to classification errors and can be customized for any real-life situation.


Lunar volcanic complexes are prominent features with a high concentration of various volcanic characteristics. They are ideal objects to study the lunar nearside volcanic activity and its thermal evolution. The Gardner volcanic complex is located in the nearside of the Moon, between Mare Serenitatis and Mare Tranquillitatis. It has a series of volcanic features, such as domes and rilles, which make it an ideal object to study the lunar volcanic history. In this study, we make use of recent high-resolution lunar images (Terrain Camera, TC) and multispectral data (Clementine UVVIS) to study the topography, geomorphologic features, iron and titanium contents, and the geochronology of the Gardner volcanic complex. We identified and analyzed different geomorphologic features, such as impact craters, domes, massifs, scarps, and a suspected fault. Spectral analyses indicated that the Gardner region is covered by low-Ti basalt. Absolute model ages of the different units in the Gardner region were obtained using crater size-frequency distribution (CSFD) measurement. The results show that Gardner may have experienced three periods of volcanic activities, which were aged between Nectarian and Imbrium. The volcanic eruption may decrease with time. The relatively high crustal density and the positive Bouguer gravity anomaly of Gardner show that the Gardner volcanic complex is composed of dense volcanic materials on the surface and in the subsurface. An irregular steep-sided depression is located in the central area of the Gardner plateau, which is different from the depression caused by impacting. We suggest that this depression could be a caldera and is once a possible vent responsible for the emplacement of surrounding lava flows. The long history of volcanic activities in this region makes it an ideal area to study the lunar nearside volcanism and thermal evolution, and we suggest it as a candidate landing site for China's future lunar exploration missions.


The pysicochemical and bacteriological properties of yogurts made by single or mixed cultures of L. bulgaricus FRI025 and S. thermophilus CHI were investigated. L. bulgaricus FRI025 which was isolated from raw milk was selected as starter culture among 22 strains of lactic culture by measuring viscosity, flavor, growth and acid production ability. The acid production and number of viable cell were increased by using L. bulgaricus FRI025 and S. thermophilus CHI together in ratio of apporximately 1:1. The pH, titratable acidity, viable cell number and viscosity of yogurt were 4.08, 1.14%, and 2100 cp after 9 hours incubation at , respectively. The pH and viable cell number were decreased on the other hand titratable acidity and viscosity were increased after 7 days of storage at . The changes of quality did not show significantly after storage. The selected starter was much higher than commercial yogurt starter in the acid production and growth of starter. The yogurt nanufactured with selected starter was better than with commercial yogurt in sensory evalution such as taste, texture, flavor and overall acceptability.


An electro-optical device, a driving method thereof, and an electronic apparatus improve color development and gradation characteristics by suppressing color separation due to a color sequential driving method. A liquid crystal driving unit divides 1 field into a plurality of subfields on the time axis. The liquid crystal driving unit applies an on-voltage or off-voltage to each pixel comprising the liquid crystal display unit according to gradation in each subfield. A light source control unit switches the light source color so that the switching cycle of the light source color is shorter than the cycle when the light crystal in a pixel comprises the gradation light with regard to at least two of three light source colors.


Virtual reality has emerged as an influential technology in the educational landscape, offering learners and teachers immersive and interactive experiences that enhance traditional teaching methods. However, despite the increasing importance of virtual reality in education, a systematic description and classification of virtual reality use cases in education is still lacking. This limits the understanding and comparability of virtual reality use cases and highlights the need for a structured approach. This study asks the research question: How can virtual reality educational use cases, identified in the literature, be described, and classified? To classify these use cases, this study develops a state-of-the-art taxonomy. The taxonomy was developed in a combination of a conceptual-to-empirical and empirical-to-conceptual approach. The first stage to develop the taxonomy was based on a conceptual-to-empirical approach. Here, the concepts of virtual reality, use case and education serve as meta-characteristics and theoretical structure. To further detail the dimensions and characteristics, a systematic literature review was conducted by following a PRISMA-guided search and selection process. Therefore, the scientific databases Science Direct, AISel and Springer Link were used to search for studies between 2018 and 2023, obtaining a sample of 39 publications. As the conceptual-to-empirical approach did not richly describe the analysed virtual reality use cases from the studies, additional dimensions and characteristics were identified inductively. Therefore, a second iteration was conducted relating to the empirical-to-conceptual approach. This process explored the practical aspects of virtual reality scenarios and added applicable and practical characteristics to the initial theoretical foundation. The result is a comprehensive taxonomy of virtual reality use cases in education that contributes significantly to existing knowledge and provides a solid foundation for future research. The final taxonomy includes 17 dimensions and 37 characteristics. These findings can support educators to understand the nature of virtual reality use cases, enabling them to describe and implement such use cases effectively within educational settings.


This report is an extension of the IREX report "The Digitally Mediated Public Sphere in Russia 2018," which described the Russian social and political landscape in 2018 through the lens of network mappings of Russian users of Twitter and Facebook. The current work analyzes the Russian social and political landscape in 2020 through the lens of a network mapping of Russian VKontakte users. While the two landscapes do not align perfectly in time, the addition of VKontakte provides an important new dimension for describing large-scale trends among the Russian public.


This paper explores the specificities of the creation process behind video games focusing on historical monument through the comparison between two point-and-clicks: OFabulis and Versailles 1685. The study is based on the authors' interviews, log books and work documents. The comparison seems to reveal that three elements are inherent to this type of video games: participation of cultural institutions in the game design right from the start, leading scenario with compromises between history and fiction, ad hoc multimedia systems with limited gameplay and realistic rendering.


For the sake of clarity, two fundamental questions should first be addressed: "WHAT IS SOFTPROOFING AND WHY WOULD ONE WANT TO SOFTPROOF?" Softproofing is just another off-press proof for verification and approval of color and its corrections. Proofing is done on an image presented on an imaging display and is called a "soft" image because it disappears when turning off the display. The major purpose of soft proofing is to significantly decrease turnaround time in the color approval process. Although soft proofing ,in all likelihood, will not replace other color proofs completely, it offers an important contribution to to increased productivity in the Graphic Arts Industry. It should be obvious to all off us that this technology will only prove useful if the soft image is a true representation of the final proof on which the customer will sign off to provide the binding contract between the customer and color separator. Essential factors for a match between the soft image and a hard copy proof--whether it be photomechanical proofs, such as transparencies, digital proofs or press proofs--are numerous and complex. Probably the most important requisite for any proofing system is CONSISTENCY. Color consistency in the display over time (from day to day), over space (from shop to shop, machine to machine), and over image content. Undoubtedly this is what kept a lot of you from using softproof techniques heretofore. Before describing what problems in traditional displays keep you from achieving consistency and thus use soft proof techniques, it may be worth pausing here to examine and get a better understanding of the transfer curve of a display. (see fig 1) The graph represents the light output for the three colors and the


The archives produced by the Gonzagas, rulers of Mantua from 1328 to 1707, are one of the most complete and homogeneous collections in existence for dynastic ruling families in Europe in the Early Modern period. The Gonzaga archive was later integrated with other documents dated after the demise of the ruling family. The arrangement of the Gonzaga correspondence depended substantially on the realization, even partial, of Borsato's project. The same system has been maintained down to today, and in spite of several rearrangements and later integrations, its general features are still recognizable. In addition to the Gonzaga Archive, the notarial archives are of considerable importance. These contain an impressive quantity of records that lend themselves to research in several disciplines and are among the most important fonds of the State Archive of Mantua. Keywords:Borsato's project; Europe; Gonzaga archive; Mantua


A novel packing named Sepcarb® 4D had been developed and characterized within 150 mm internal diameter columns in terms of pressure drop, interfacial area (ae) and gas side mass transfer coefficient (kG). The 4D packing consists in a complex arrangement of hollow carbon tubes. Its geometry is given by some geometric parameters, one of which results in the opening fraction, Ω (from 30% to 50% for the present study). Pressure drop curves show that the capacity of the present packing is considerably increased when Ω increases. Flooding limits become higher than those expected for recent Mellapak 500.Y and 750.Y. The geometric area of the 4D packing, ag, is inversely proportional to Ω. However the effective area, ae is not reduced when Ω is increased from 30 to 50% which indicates that ae can considerably exceed ag for high Ω. It apperas that ae is very sensitive to the gas flowrate, and much higher than those measured for Mellapak 500.Y, 252.Y and 250.Y. Such results can be explained by a non negligible amount of droplets, and are confirmed by kG*ae measurements. The latter are based on water evaporation and require a very sophisticated experimental set-up. In conclusion, the novel 4D packing seems to be very adapted to CO2 capture.


It has been recorded that family planning was in practice for a long time ago, even though high premium was placed on giving birth to many children. This was because the possession of children is regarded not only as a powerful tool but as a mark of wealth in the community. Increase in population in Nigeria has created a lot of havoc in which Ekiti State shared in this predicament. Therefore this study examined the attitude of Ekiti State inhabitant to Family Planning. The study adapted non – experimental type of research. It was a descriptive research. Five research question guided the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 150 men and women and 10 family planning health officers as participants. Two validated research instruments were used to collect data which are: questionnaire for men and women, interview schedule for family planning health officers. Data were analysed using qualitative method (thematic approach) frequency counts percentages, and ANOVA. Result shows that people living in urban area have better attitude to family planning: than those in rural area with the significant F(2,149) =(2235.688, P than secondary school graduate The result further reveal that socio – economic level do not have much effect on people attitude to family planning F(2,149) = 4.596, P Islam and traditional Result also reveals people in urban area are more aware about family planning that other location. Urban semi – urban Rural Based on the finding it was concluded that the attitudes of Ekiti people on Family Planning is negative/poor. It is recommended that individual should key into Family Planning in order to increase their standard of living and boost their economy status. Also, the government at all levels should intensify efforts in creating more awareness on Family Planning to Ekiti people.


Scattering from rice leaves contributes substantially to total vegetation canopy backscattering and detailed knowledge about it is necessary for developing a microwave scattering model. A parabolic curve is generally adopted to simulate the leaf shape but this is rarely incorporated into the calculation of the scattering. In this paper, two specific models, one based on physical optics (PO) approximation and the other on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA), are presented to involve the parabolic leaf curvature effects. Three typical leaves were chosen from 1433 parabolic leaves obtained during ground measurements. The PO and DDA models were used to calculate the leaf scattering. The generalized Rayleigh–Gans (GRG) approximation was also included in the simulation. The method of moments, a computational electromagnetic method, was utilized to evaluate the accuracy of each model. Validation of the models was conducted at incidence angles ranging from 10° to 60°, incidence azimuthal angles ranging from 0° to 360°, and incidence frequencies of 1.2 GHz (L-band), 5.4 GHz (C-band), and 9.65 GHz (X-band). Among the GRG approximation, the DDA model and the PO model, the latter gave the best accuracy −>65% in the cases tested, while the GRG model was the least accurate. The high accuracy of the PO model was maintained at both the low and high frequency bands. The PO model, therefore, has great potential for use to interpret radar measurements from rice fields and other types of vegetation canopy.


This paper primarily probes into the new models of the development of the future sport.We believe it would continue two models-the technological sport(tech-sport) and the ecological sport(eco-sport).When the science and technology interpose the athletics,the tech-sport will make the sport become more inspiring than ever before,but it will also bring the sport the destruction when it is overreached. While the eco-sport with the characteristic of the prevalence,amusement and health will pay more attention to the human nature.It considers the experience of the individual in sport,and at the same time it also harmoniously combines the human and the nature together by using the science and technology. However, the eco-sport also has the crisis of making the sport losing its special charm.


UK-based teacher educators formed the core membership of the History of Education Society when it was founded in 1967, and they were frequent early contributors to the Society's journals. Given these origins, one might imagine that the history of teacher education would have featured more prominently in the pages of the first 40 volumes of the journal than it has. This article identifies and discusses examples of research into teacher education that have featured in History of Education since 1972, making connections with the contexts of political, social and educational change. The influence of feminist scholarship is particularly noted and it is argued that work relating to teacher education, which peaked in the 1990s, has both reflected and shaped new methodological approaches to studying the history of education. Notwithstanding the journal's publication of some important work, it is argued that the theme remains under-researched and, in the period ahead, it is to be hoped that interest can be re-invigorated.


To guide the corporation to perform the social responsibility scientifically, and at the same time reach the win-win situation of corporation economic profits and social profits, the author set up the hyper graph data model combined with the hyper graph theory. The aim of setting up the model is to help relevant scholars and people in corporation to better understand the complicated internal relationship in the corporate social responsibility system.


This article evaluates the nature of corporate social responsibility related oil conflict with emphasis on the key reasons for the conflict in the Niger Delta region that has remained impoverished despite the region's huge contributions to the Nigerian economy for many decades. The problem is that the region has been underdeveloped despite its contributions to the national economy. In fact, observations show that the corporate social responsibility projects of the oil companies are inadequate and therefore require a change of strategy. The methodology is a combination of the qualitative data, especially secondary and primary sources including observation of the situation in some oil producing communities, and also the use of the Nigeria Watch database which identifies the sources and maps and the trends of violent deaths in the country. From observations, the resistant movements were formed in the region to address environmental rights violations and enhance economic development. In terms of theoretical and practical significance, the study argues, based on the stakeholder's theory that there is a direct relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and conflict, considering the disconnect between the community development projects and the actualisation of human needs. Their capacity to differentiate between what the people want and their actual needs would end the attacks on the oil workers by restive youths. The article has suggested possible ways of resolving this conflict.


Abstract In this paper, we consider a revenue-sharing and network investment problem between an Internet service provider (ISP) and a content provider (CP) by applying dynamic agency theory. We formulate the problem as a principal-agent problem where the ISP is the principal and the CP is the agent. The principal-agent problem is then transformed to a stochastic optimal control problem in which the objective of the ISP is to find an optimal revenue-sharing strategy and a network investment strategy, and to advise an incentive-compatible effort level to the CP. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the optimal revenue-sharing strategy, the optimal network investment strategy and the incentive-compatible effort level are obtained. A numerical example is solved to show the existence of such strategies.


The cost of geotechnologies are becoming more accessible. The capacity to generate real-time maps with ubiquitous access and applications based on geocollaborative platforms developed for the most diverse purposes have been multiplying, allowing users to generate, share, and collect information about geographical spaces. Even so, the geotechnologies employing geographic information system (GIS) are still limited among the Brazilian environmental military police. This lack of geotechnologies diffusion occurs due to the absence of specific training, requiring a constant update from these professionals. The current stage of evolution on geotechnology through cloud computing, user-centered design, and geocollaboration demands the police command-and-control structures to rethink their strategies. Several platforms are available and open for developers to create applications under this technology. This article analyzes the potential applicability of geocollaboration in environmental inspection activities, through a case study in the CPAm/PMERJ.


Abstract This paper reports on an on‐going study, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council 1 , on National Curriculum Assessment in English schools. The theme of the paper is how teachers of seven year olds summatively assess achievement in their classrooms. It includes a description of the policy context and the conclusion offers an explanation for the lack of consistency and the variation of approaches across teachers and schools and it considers the empirical evidence in the light of assessment theory. 1REf. ESRC No. R000222373.


The authors consider some specific features of the 4f wavefunction collapse in the rare-earth elements and its effect on all nf electrons with n>4. The results of this investigation are used in Dirac-Fock self-consistent field calculations for lanthanum (6s2nf5/2) and europium (6s24f5/26nf7/2) with n=4, 5 and 6. The exchange interaction is shown to play an important role in the formation of 'collapsed' and 'blown' states of these atoms with n=4. A calculation has been made of the contribution to the total energy of an atom coming from the lanthanum 4f5/2 and europium 4f7/2 electrons in the 'collapsed' and 'blown' states of these atoms. The europium nf7/2 electrons with n=5 and n=6 are shown to be localised in the outer well of the effective potential, their one-electron parameters being close to those of the 5f and 6f electrons in the Coulomb field, respectively. At the same time in lanthanum with n=5 and n=6, the nf5/2 electrons can be found with a high probability in either of the effective potential wells.


The essay tries to improve People's appreciation of the art of aerobics by revealing its sports regularity,delivering concemed lectures,encouraging students to take part in it,and popularizing and improving it in and out of class,so as to reach the aim of loving it,popularizing it and practicing it.


The use of easy synthesis methodology, high performance, and stable electrode materials is mandatory while developing potential energy storage devices on a mass scale. In the present work, room-tem...


The very nature of meaningful investigation in education may require us to, ironically, become further removed or distanced from our object of study. Intense contemplation ultimately gives way to analysis and separation - distance amongst ideas—in order for us to more deeply understand the ideas themselves. In classrooms, separation is inevitable between teachers and students, as they are frequently distanced through various pedagogical and social power structures. In general, as linguistic beings, we are often paradoxically separated and distanced through our own "common" language. But space, distance or a gap between observer and observed; contemplator and contemplated; self and other; educator and student is necessary. In fact, identity and understanding may arise out of or in the space and distance between us—somewhere between the strange and familiar. This paper examines these ideas of space in education in the context of relations between students and teachers; relations with language; and the particular significance of relations with the strange.


Purpose – A perceived misalignment between socially responsible fans and football club management has recently led to a major crisis during the annual meeting in 2021 of Bayern Munich, one of the largest professional football teams in Europe. In an unprecedented scenario, Bayern Munich fans demanded that management drop one ofits largestsponsors duetoalleged violationofhumanrights.The goalof thispaperis to examine this particular phenomenon, as it not only demonstrates a discrepancy between the social organizationalidentityanditsimage,butmoreimportantly,howitimpactslegitimationstrategiesandthefans ' loyalty attitudes towards the club. Design/methodology/approach – Using the underlying concepts of legitimacy and loyalty, this conceptual modelpaperproposestwoframeworksforsocialresponsibilityinprofessionalfootballclubs:(1)analyzinghowthe(mis-)alignmentbetweenorganizationalidentityandimageimpactsfanloyaltyand(2)depictingfourdifferenttypesofsocialresponsibilitystrategiestoalignorganizationalidentityandimage. Findings – Theauthors identifyvarioustheoretical conceptsthatinfluenceorganizational identityandimage inandforsocialresponsibilityandcombinethetwocriticalconceptsoflegitimacyandloyaltytocategorize the social responsibility strategies for professional football clubs. Originality/value – Both frameworks advance the understanding of the decision-making behind social responsibility strategies and also synthesize the current literature to offer conceptual clarity regarding the varied implications and outcomes linked to the misalignment between organizational identity and image.


In the conditions of socialist industry, with the systematic facilitation of labor, the widespread introduction of mechanization, automation and remote control, the task of completely eliminating industrial injuries becomes quite real. To solve this problem, " first of all, it is necessary to analyze materials about injuries, compare them with data from previous years and identify the main causes of accidents.


Eobruchia ecuatoriana sp. nov. (Bruchiaceae) has the aspect of a diminutiveTrematodon, but is distinctive in having a mitrate calyptra and flexuous seta;Macromitrium perreflexum sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae) has ramarkably reflexed leaves, unlike any known species;Lepidopilum pulcherrimum sp. nov. (Hookeriaceae) is distinguished by its large size and beautifully undulate leaves;Symphyodon americanus sp. nov. (Symphyodontaceae) is remarkable in being the first American representative of a genus and family previously known only from Asia; it is most closely related toS. echinatus (Mitt.) Jaeg. of the Himalayas and Thailand.


ample, to address the question of whether the modern Olympics are a continuation of the old Games or whether they are something new. A three-page conclusion invites one to think about the definition of sport and seeks to justify the interplay between ancient and modern activities as a productive study. Overall Golden has made a significant contribution for both the general reader with his extensive modern parallels and humor and for the scholar who will admire his command of both the ancient and secondary sources, even though there are no original Greek quotations. Some may even think that we are in a Golden age in ancient sport history.


Evidence is presented that oxygen is the donor atom in the 1:1 adduct of tetramethylurea and boron trifluoride (TMU•BF3). Hydrogen fluoride, a common impurity in boron trifluoride, leads to the formation of as well as TMU•BF3. Exchange reactions among TMU, and TMU•BF3 are investigated briefly. The results of the present investigation are compared with the results of a previous study which indicated that nitrogen is the donor atom in BF3 adducts of some partially alkylated ureas.


Magneto-optical studies were performed on a Cd0.88Mg0.12Te/Cd0.97Zn0.03Te heterostructure in which the CdMgTe barrier was δ-doped with iodine donors and the CdZnTe channel was δ-doped with nitrogen acceptors. The photoluminescence spectrum was dominated by a line with an energy close to that of the CdMgTe barrier which is interpreted as a result of donor–acceptor transitions. Stokes parameters polarisation spectroscopy showed that the line was purely circularly but very weakly polarised (8% in 6 T). It was proposed that this weak degree of polarisation comes from mixing of impurity levels by a strong electric field present in the investigated structure.


The probabilistic roadmap (PRM) planner is a popular method for robot motion planning problems with many degrees of freedom. However, it has been shown that the metho d performs less well in situations where the robot has to pass through a narrow passage in the scene. This is mainly due to th e uniformity of the sampling used in the planner; it places many samples in large open regions and too few in tight passages. In this paper, a technique based on a robot independent cell decomposition of the free workspace is proposed to guide the probabilistic sampling, such that the distribution of samples tends more toward the interesting regions in the scene. Thes interesting regions are identifyed using a watershed segme ntation on the cell decomposition. It is shown that this leads to impr oved performance on difficult planning problems in 2D and 3D workspaces.


This paper focuses on enhancing the practical teaching of embedded system development, Internet of Things technology, and other related courses, and a campus parking guidance experimental platform based on Raspberry Pi is designed for this purpose. The platform enables users to obtain vehicle information and parking space status information through license plate recognition, query and reserve available parking spaces through the Baidu cloud server and WeChat public account. It also offers parking space navigation, code scanning for space occupation, and functions for parking timing and video monitoring through WebSocket instant messaging and WeChat applet. Experimental testing demonstrates that the platform runs stably, displays real-time parking space information, and provides a good human-machine interaction experience. It can be easily applied in practical teaching and provide a platform for comprehensive curriculum design and graduation design.


We have been interested in the publication by Mottonen and colleagues concerning the outcome of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have been treated actively by disease suppressing drugs using a "sawtooth" strategy1 2 and have assessed the outcomes in our patients with early RA who have been treated using a similar strategy. Our study is prospective for five years and started in 1996. Up to now 50 patients have been recruited and followed up for two years. All patients fulfilled the American Rheumatism Association criteria for RA. Patients were treated actively with …

Dr Mottonen.


The relaxation time of neutrinos and antineutrinos interacting with electrons and positrons in the early universe is calculated using the relativistic version of the two-temperature formalism, and the cross sections predicted by the Weinberg-Salam theory. The results indicate that primordial neutrinos decoupled from the rest of matter at a temperature around 2 x 10 to the 10th K. It is also shown that, as a consequence of this result, the ratio of the radiation temperature to the neutrino temperature becomes 0.2 percent smaller than the standard value (11/4) 1/3 and that the He-4 abundance resulting from primeval nucleosynthesis will differ, also from the standard value, by an amount of -0.000188. 10 references.


Alignment recovery is the process of recovering optimal alignment results based on weighted computational scores. Alignment recovery in classical dynamic programming (DP) is obtained by backtracking a trace created in the computational scoring phase. Bit parallelism is a parallel computing technique done by increasing the size of the word processing unit. The actual value of the score in the DP matrix is replaced by the difference of the adjacent matrix cell values. This requires adjustment of the scoring computation and its alignment recovery mechanism, especially for integer weights. General integer scoring involves a set of integers as its weights in bit-parallelism score computation that are not yet accompanied by alignment recovery. This paper presents an algorithm to recover the final alignment results from interpreting the horizontal and vertical adjacent-cell bit parallelism score values. The results show that the algorithm produces the same match pair result as the classical backtracking DP algorithm with less gap insertion. The algorithm requires O(m) space and time.


X-band EPR measurements of Ni-doped BaZnF4 crystals revealed presence of three centers. Well-resolved hyperfine structure from 19F nuclei at suitable orientations allowed assignment of the most intense spectrum to single ions on Ba sites. The occupation of Zn sites is considerably lower. The third spectrum is assigned to pairs of Ni2+ ions on adjacent Ba sites. Attempts to correlate the zero-field splitting (ZFS) patterns of the single ion spectra with the distortions of the first coordination spheres of Ba and Zn resp. with a single intrinsic ZFS parameter for both bridging and nonbridging ligands were equally unsuccessful as in the case of Mn2+.


Thank you for reading breve historia de la revolucion mexicana. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this breve historia de la revolucion mexicana, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. breve historia de la revolucion mexicana is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the breve historia de la revolucion mexicana is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The reductive deoxygenation of aldehydes and ketones into the corresponding alkanes isaccomplished by LiA1H4 in the presence of Lewis acid InBr3. It provides a convenient method tocomplete the transformation from carbonyl compounds to alkanes.


Introduction Abbreviations 1. The Structure of Pensions Schemes 2. Pensions Trusts and General Trust Law 3. Pensions Trusts and Statute 4. Corporate Trustees 5. Liability of Directors of a Corporate Trustee 6. Conflict Issues for Pension Trustees 7. Regulator Trustee Powers 8. Spouses and Dependants 9. Trustees Powers- Proper Purpose 10. Trustees' Duties to Employers 11. Employer Powers- Non Fiduciary 12. Employer Powers to Appoint and Remove Trustees- Not a Fiduciary Power 13. Employer Powers: The Implied Duty of Trust and Confidence 14. Trustee Indemnities and Exonerations 15. Contract Overriding Trust: South West Trains 16. Saunders v Vautier and Pension Trusts 17. Amendment Powers 18. Disclosure Obligations: Schmidt v Rosewood 19. Employer Related Investments 20. Employers and Surpluses


Toys within the collections of selected Cieszyn Silesia museums as a source of knowledge of the former ludic culture of the youngest inhabitants of the region The aim of the article is to familiarize the readers with the collections of toys gathered in selected museums of Cieszyn Silesia and to consider their role in the cognition of the former forms of entertainment of the youngest inhabitants of this region. The study is based on visits and queries conducted from May to September 2018 in the ethnography departments of three institutions: The Museum of Cieszyn Silesia in Cieszyn, the Jan Jarocki Museum in Ustroń and Muzeum Těšínska in Český Těšín, as well as interviews with museum personnel employed by these institutions. The article does not include detailed characteristics of the entire inventory of toys in any of these facilities. The purpose is to signal the problems that must be considered by any researcher attempting to draw inferences on the topic of the former ludic culture of children in a given region, on the basis of sources available in museums.


In the light of the practical situation of logistics distribution of agricultural products, we primarily select transportation factor, economic factor, environment factor, and other factors, to establish evaluation index system of site selection of distribution center of agricultural products. And then we adopt the analytic hierarchy process method to calculate weight of site selection of distribution center of agricultural products. Under the circumstance that the evaluation information is interval number, we use uncertain and multiple attribute decision making method to establish site selection model of distribution center of agricultural products. Finally, taking one city as an example, we discuss the application of this model in site selection of distribution center of agricultural products. The results of empirical analysis show that the model we established fully considers the randomness and uncertainty in the process of evaluation, so as to make the results of evaluation more objective, in line with reality. So the effect of evaluation is better as against the former real number evaluation calibration.


This article considers the relevance of current measures of employability and entrepreneurial (E&E) outcomes for evaluating the longer term value of a course of higher education (HE) study. HE stakeholders continue to discuss whether exit performance metrics engender positive or negative responses, with educators arguing that E&E outcomes should not focus heavily on hard skills, but should take into account a broader range of behavioural, attitudinal and mindset changes, claiming that these provide greater longitudinal value for graduates. Through a critical review of literature and models, the article explores the effectiveness of HE first-destination metrics in capturing E&E outcomes; whether explicit links exist between the metrics and outcomes; and what role students have in developing a narrative of their own E&E outcomes. The discussion examines 'atheoretical' perspectives in E&E education and issues of generalizability due to contextual variability, but identifies common key mindset dimensions that are incorporated into a proposed 'AGILE' learning tool so that students can reflect and develop a narrative of their E&E-related development against: adaptable, gatherer, identity awareness, life-long learning and enterprising capabilities. Thus, it sets out an approach that HE stakeholders may wish to consider embedding in their own curricula, which places the onus on students to reflect, self-evaluate and record personalized 'small wins'.


Chronic alimentary complaints, though persistent in individuals, impose a varying degree of burden upon society in general. The reasons for these fluctuations remain largely unknown, but the speed with which changes occur suggests that the impact of environmental factors can become apparent after relatively short intervals have passed in which those influences have been at work. These concepts can be illustrated by considering peptic ulcer, coeliac disease and chronic inflammatory bowel disease.


The optimization of Nattokinase liquid fermentation by Bacillus natto was investigated in this paper. The results indicated that when the fermentation medium was prepared with soya peptone 3%, glucose 2%, Na2HPO4 0.6%, NaH2PO4 0.1%, CaCl2 0.02% and MgSO4 0.05%, pH 7.0-7.2, and inoculums 2%, the yield of Nattokinase reached 736 IU Urokinase/ml after fermentation for 60 h at 37℃ under 200 r/min condition.


In this study, metal complex of Copper(II) with a Schiff base derived from 2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione and 2-aminoethanoic acid were synthesized. The product are characterized by spectral methods. The antimicrobial activity was tested on reference bacterial strains and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed by using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The spectral data indicates that the Schiff base coordinates the Copper(II) as a tridentate ONO donor ligand. The compounds showed weaker antimicrobial activity on certain tested microorganisms. In vitro testing of antioxidant activity showed a significant reducing ability of the complex, as well as inhibitory activity against DPPH radicals.


Solar cells are one of the most promising alternative power sources, because the sun provides plentiful, renewable energy. In fact, one hour of sunlight provides enough energy to power all human endeavors for one year.1 Bulk silicon cells, which convert between 14 and 17% of incident light into electricity, make up 90% of the solar cell market. Silicon is widely used because it is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, and because the electronics industry has already developed infrastructure to process it. Yet pricey, complicated manufacturing makes these photovoltaic (PV) systems more expensive per kilowatthour than conventional energy sources. These limitations have driven efforts to develop inexpensive solar modules with efficiencies equivalent to, or better than, existing devices. Various thin-film technologies, such as cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and hydrogenated amorphous silicon based devices, offer reduced costs, but they are hindered by lower module efficiencies.2 Nanotechnology provides another approach to obtaining cheap, high-efficiency devices. Specifically, we have been exploring the use of silicon nanowires to produce new solar cell architectures on low-cost substrates.3 Silicon nanowires offer several performance and manufacturing benefits that may impact future PV applications. By fabricating p-n junctions conformally around the nanowire structure, the absorption of light can be decoupled from minority carrier diffusion. Therefore, minority carriers only have to diffuse tens to hundreds of nanometers to the charge-separating junction, rather than the tens to hundreds of microns typical of conventional solar cells. Furthermore, the subwavelength lightFigure 1. The current density vs. voltage data shows the photovoltaic effect under simulated AM1.5 light in a large-area silicon nanowire array-based solar cell. The plot verifies that the device is capable of generating power from incident light. The cell generated a photocurrent of 1.6mA/cm2 and a voltage of 130mV. (A typical bulk silicon device has a photocurrent and voltage of more than 20mA/cm2 and 600mV, respectively.) The left inset shows a nanowire array. The right inset is a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of one nanowire coated with hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H).


Assessing the biomechanical properties of soft tissue provides clinically valuable information to supplement conventional structural imaging. In the previous studies, we introduced a dynamic elastography technique based on phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) to characterize submillimetric structures such as skin layers or ocular tissues. Here, we propose to implement a pulse compression technique for shear wave elastography. We performed shear wave pulse compression in tissue-mimicking phantoms. Using a mechanical actuator to generate broadband frequency-modulated vibrations (1 to 5 kHz), induced displacements were detected at an equivalent frame rate of 47 kHz using a PhS-OCT. The recorded signal was digitally compressed to a broadband pulse. Stiffness maps were then reconstructed from spatially localized estimates of the local shear wave speed. We demonstrate that a simple pulse compression scheme can increase shear wave detection signal-to-noise ratio (>12 dB gain) and reduce artifacts in reconstructing stiffness maps of heterogeneous media. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. [DOI: 10 .1117/1.JBO.19.1.016013]


Apple cultivar 'Royal Gala' was multiplied in vitro on starch-gelled MS media supplemented with 0.7 mg/l BAP, which provided intense proliferation of axillary shoots. In order to test the influence of gelling agents upon proliferation rate in this apple cultivar, modified MS media were used, supplemented with 0.7 mg/l BAP and five types gelling agents: fibrous agar, 6.8 g/l; Phytagel + starch, respectively 0.5 + 50 g/l; guar gum, 20 g/l; Psyllium husk, 15 g/l; Phytagel at 2.2 g/l. The highest proliferation rate, 13.44 ± 1.22 was obtained when gelling the media with the mixture of Phytagel + starch. By using ex vitro rooting and acclimatization in floating perlite, the rooting percentages were between 99.45% and 93.92%, depending on the culture media used in the multiplication stage, from which the axillary shoots were harvested.


consxrrdng search strategies-how to sewch the literature so as to minimize the time and effort required. Many sesrrchers are not aware that the methods one may employ to retrieve a few references in a " quick and dirty " search may be quite different than methods employed when the search must be comprehensive. Of course, no search is absolutely complete. One must always make economic decisions as to the time or money that can be invested. Since the working scientist is usually pressed for time it is important to learn how to select and use searching tools to turn up the maximum number of pertinent references in the mirtirnum time. A few years ago Spencer(1) ahowed, in comparison to Index Medicus and C7rerr-rical Abstracts, thatthe fwst hours of searching the SCI@ were far more product ive. Subse-auentlv. A.E. Cawkell (2) wrote a paper on search strategies.His pa r Y is reprinted in this issue of (X o provide some useful examples. Reprints of this paper are available on request, as are the other items cited (3,4).


A notification unit causes a notification device to notify that a consent input person has whereabouts of a responsibility related to a non-manipulation operation to operate a vehicle without manipulation of an occupant of the vehicle. An information acquisition unit obtains consent-input person information for identifying the consent input person who inputs a consent into an operation unit, after the notification unit notifies the whereabouts of the responsibility. A record unit associates consent information on the inputted consent with the obtained consent-input person information to cause a storage unit to store the associated information. A control unit starts the non-manipulation operation of the vehicle, in response to input of the consent, after the notification unit notifies the whereabouts of the responsibility.


I first encountered the name of Jillian Keiley in 1997, when the general manager of Theatre Newfoundland Labrador, where I was artistic director, returned from a PACT meeting singing the praises of a talented young artist from St. John's. As no one ever says, "No" to Gaylene Buckle for long — I soon agreed to give Jillian her first opportunity to direct on Newfoundland's west coast. My friend John Mighton had written a challenging play called Possible Worlds, which I'd wanted to direct for years. Hearing of the intelligence and verve of this young, home-grown director, however, changed my plans, and I assigned her the project. Soon after, I saw her production of Under Wraps in St. John's, a production so mesmerizing that it remains, with Robert Lepage's Polygraphe and Carbone 14's Le Dortoir, on my list of the most significant Canadian theatre productions of the past fifteen years.


The distribution of forest pests in Mexico is uncertain. Information on forest areas potentially affected by a type of pest and their climatic and ecological preferences is scarce. The objective of this study was to model the potential distribution of insect borers (B), defoliators (d), bark beetles (D) and mistletoes (M), using climate and mensuration variables and the software Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). Records of forest pests were obtained during the National Forest and Soil Inventory (2009-2014) provided by the National Forestry Commission. The training and validation of the models was performed with k-fold partitioning through the dismo package of R. The analyses of results indicate that the generated models had acceptable fit (AUC > 0.85). The potential area estimated by the model, in accord with the lower threshold of known presence (> 0.1), was around 270 (B), 307 (D), 315 (d) and 308 mil km2 (M). The largest potential area is predicted for the states of Chihuahua, Durango and Oaxaca, as well as the highest probability of occurrence (> 0.90). Climate variables had the highest percentage of contribution for D and d (75.1 and 71.9 %), whereas the mensuration variables were the highest for B and M (73.6 and 59.8 %). Analysis of the mensuration parameters indicate that, for the records of presence used, the four types of pest tend to prefer forests with small diameter trees and sites with fewer host species. The forests with the greatest susceptibility are found in Chihuahua (M) and Michoacan, Estado de Mexico, Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, Jalisco and Chihuahua (D).


An improved concept for the physical modeling of a forest area has been designed in order to characterize the flow structure in the model of the finite and inhomogeneous forest area of the Research center of Jülich. The turbulence properties of the approach flow and of the canopy flow are quantified and compared with guidelines or previous studies. The comparison with other dense forest canopies is satisfying since the mean and turbulent velocity profiles and the spectral distributions above and inside the canopy are in agreement with field data. Thus, the profiles of integral length scales through the forest canopy show similar evolutions to those found in literature. Since the quality of the physical modeling has been proved, this model of a finite forest area can be used for dispersion applications in order to provide information about the origin, the trajectory and the age of the emissions sampled at the measurement towers during field campaigns (presented orally).


In this paper, we prove the existence of extremal solution for the first order initial value problem of random differential equation through random fixed point theory.


Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the capability of airborne laser scanner (ALS) data to explain the variation in fieldmeasured variables representing timber quality within square 0.25 ha grid cells in a mature conifer forest in the southeast of Norway. These variables were the mean ratio between stem diameter at six m above ground and the diameter at breast height (RD6), the volume of saw logs (VSL), the proportion of saw logs relative to the total volume (PSL), the ratio between tree height and diameter at breast height (HD), mean basal area diameter (Dg), and crown height (CH). Each of these variables was modeled using a mixed modeling approach. Model fit was expressed by the Pseudo-R2, and were 0.85, 0.50, 0.78, 0.57, 0.74, and 0.58 for the respective quality variables. Furthermore, much of the residual error could be attributed to the different forest stands from which the grid cells originated even though we used field-observed tree species proportions as auxiliary information. It was concluded that more auxiliary information is needed to estimate models that are general across stands, but that the relationships between ALS-data and the quality variables considered here seem strong enough to be utilized for example to prioritize between stands in relation to harvest when specific quality distributions are sought.


This research study observed the inducement of capital adequacy norms and asset quality review processes on the credit growth and profitability of Indian banks. The universal capital adequacy norms was initiated in India along with the national regulatory framework. Likewise, the central bank of the country Reserve Bank of India, imposed a strict asset quality review on Indian banks. These two policy measures brought a seesaw changes in the Indian banking sphere. The obvious questions are; do they affected credit growth and/or profitability of the country's banks? If so, to what extent? – We addressed these research questions through empirical analysis. The study comprised sample of banks in different banking groups based on ownership viz., old generation private banks, new generation private banks, foreign banks and public sector banks for the period of fifteen years (2004 to 2018). The data for the study were compiled from Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) prowess IQ database and various reports of Reserve Bank of India. The result of the research study is likely to disclose whether the execution of capital adequacy norms affect the credit growth and introduction of asset quality review has adverse bearing on the profitability among the different banking groups.


Is an apparatus and method associated therewith for the prepared network of a group of wireless local area networks attempt that the mobile node communicates. Network selection, the use of the network selection list. Network selection list, SIM card be composed in accordance with 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project), it is included, such as in the SIM card. If in another way, the card is a conventional card, network selection list that is used is derived from the internal memory element of the mobile node.


The present study tests the antecedents and consequences of tourists' causal attribution after negative destination experiences. Adopting the attribution theory of Heider (1958) and Kelley (1973), the study probes if seriousness of the negative experience affects individuals' causal attribution and if satisfaction and post-trip loyalty are its consequences. It further examines if pre-trip loyalty and tourism situations affect the model. A two (seriousness) × two (pre-trip loyalty) × two (setting) experimental design with eight scenarios was used. The proposed structural model with experience as a predictor, satisfaction as its consequence, attribution constructs as their mediators, and post-trip loyalty as the outcome was tested by using AMOS 18. Results confirmed that stability and globality dimensions of attribution are affected by the seriousness of negative incidents. These two dimensions also were identified as important predictors of tourist satisfaction. Results also showed that there are differences in the coefficients of the model by different pre-trip loyalty and tourism situations. Attribution theory can be applied in tourism settings: the importance of each dimension of attribution is different and the function of attribution also varies by different conditions.


Introduction The US is now running a current account deficit of 6 per cent of GDP, and can be expected to do so for some time unless the US economy slows rapidly. The current account deficit may be sustainable, and may be the result of private sector investment choices reflecting risk adjusted real rates of return, but it does involve a deterioration of the foreign asset position, as we can see from figure 1. The US was a net creditor until 1990, but cumulating deficits since then have led to a negative asset position of 20 per cent of GDP.1 As global financial markets have liberalised it is not surprising to see countries' asset positions change, and the chart may just reflect the preferences of portfolio holders worldwide. 2


The invention discloses a flavor tea fish sausage and a processing method thereof. The flavor tea fish sausage is prepared from minced fish and pork as main raw materials and tea liquid, fruits, fermented vegetables, spice extracting liquid and the like as main auxiliary materials. According to different materials, formulae of three flavor tea fish sausages with different flavors are provided. According to different product storage methods, the invention provides processing methods of a drying type flavor tea fish sausage, a refrigeration type cooked flavor tea fish sausage and a normal-temperature storage type cooked flavor tea fish sausage. The tea liquid, the fruits and the fermented vegetables are added in the sausage processing process, so that the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria in the sausage cooking process can be promoted, the growth and the propagation of putrefying bacteria and harmful microorganisms in the sausage processing process and the generation and the accumulation of nitrite can be inhibited, the eating safety is high, the sausage can be endowed with a unique flavor, the greasiness of the sausage is reduced, and the nutrition of the sausage can tend to be balanced.


Effective with the 1995 federal legislation in the sphere of Russian non-profit organizations is determined by socio-cultural area of the NCB. Regional legislation Altai regulates NGOs in the region. Non-commercial partnership "Association of Women sibiryachek", created on the initiative by actively cooperating with the regional authorities in addressing the problems of ethnic and social tolerance.


Chan, J., 2003. Fair cop: learning the art of policing. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Fielding, N., 1988. Joining forces: Police training, socialisation and occupational competence. London: Routledge. Fielding, N., 2016. Ethnography. In: N. Gilbert and P. Stoneman, eds. Researching social life. 4th ed. London: Sage, 319–338. Fielding, N., 2018. Professionalising the Police: The unfulfilled promise of police training. Oxford: Oxford University Press in the Clarendon Series. Loftus, B., 2009. Police culture in a changing world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.


To explore the antitumor activity of crude polysaccharides of Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DBLP) and its possible mechanism, the effects of DBLP on the tumor growth in vivo, thymus and spleen weight were examined. Apoptosis of thymus, spleen and tumor tissue in tumor-bearing mice was detected by the flow cytometry. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood was also determined by means of FACScan flow cytometer. Our results showed that U14 cervical carcinoma growth could be inhibited, thymus weight be increased, apoptosis of thymus and spleen be decreased, and apoptosis of tumor be increased by DBLP in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, DBLP had the abilities to reduce the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte according to CTX group. These results indicated that DBLP could suppress the cervical carcinoma through modulating immune response of the tumor-bearing mice and inducing apoptosis of tumor tissue.


Herein we report that urchin-like MnO2 micromaterials, caddice-clew like MnO2 micromaterials and MnO2 nanoflowers were prepared by hydrothermal method. All the crystalline phases were α-MnO2, which was essential to evaluate the relationship between electrochemical performances and morphologies of MnO2 crystals for H2O2 detection. The value of H2O2 oxidation peak current on all the MnO2 crystals modified electrode were all much higher than glassy carbon electrode. The performances of H2O2 detection were in the following order: urchin-like MnO2 micromaterials > MnO2 nanoflowers > caddice-clew like MnO2 micromaterials. Here more electro-activity sites might be the most important factor of the increased oxidation peak current. The redox processes of H2O2 on all the three MnO2 sample modified electrodes were controlled by diffusion. The results presented in this study that the as prepared MnO2 materials have good application prospect in detecting H2O2.


Spain signed the European Convention on Landscape in Florence, 2000, and ratified it on November 26, 2007. Already by 2004, some of the Autonomous Governments assumed the contents of this Directive (Guidelines), and therefore, edited several laws on landscape's planning and implementation processes. On the other hand, in Spain there are no studies on the architecture of landscape and very little professional practice. With these new changes, some Autonomous Communities, like Valencia, initiated a regulated process in order to intervene in landscape planning and implementation. This situation leads to a complete and deep revision of planning processes under the European frame of development of the Aarhus Convention, all considering a generic perspective of sustainability. Key-Works: Landscape architecture, Landscape ecology, Landscape management, sustainability, public participation.


PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to compare two UNESCO reports on educational development in Cambodia, one from 1955 and the other from 2010, in order to understand how the global education development agenda has impacted shadow education. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study is conducted through a textual comparison of two UNESCO reports written 50 years apart. FINDINGS: Although the educational problems facing Cambodia were similar in both reports, the recommendations differed in important ways. The 1955 report advised the country to expand slowly access to education in order to maintain quality, while the 2010 recommended quickly expanding access. A major difference found in the reports regarded the issue of fees in schooling, which did not appear in 1955. School fees in Cambodia are typically extracted through the system of private tutoring, known in the academic literature as shadow education. Such an insight, this paper argues, suggests that the difference in development approach between the two reports is one of the reasons shadow education has flourished in the country. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Through a historical comparison of development efforts in one country, it becomes clear that the education development agenda is partly to blame for the rise of shadow education.


Using RIAs for the N- and C-terminal fragments of the human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) precursor γANP, that is γANP-(1–25), and αANP[γANP-(99–126)], we studied the secretion of γANP-derived peptides from the heart in normal subjects and patients with heart disease, chronic renal failure, and cirrhosis. We detected γANP-(1–25)-like im-munoreactivity (-LI) in plasma from normal subjects (n = 17) in considerable amounts [mean, 510 ± 62 (±se) pg/mL (174 ± 21 pmol/L)]; the mean plasma αANP-LI level at the same time in these subjects was 32.8 ± 4.4 pg/mL (10.7 ± 1.4 pmol/L). Gel permeation chromatographic analysis of plasma samples from normal subjects and patients with heart disease and chronic renal failure revealed two major components; one was aANP, and the other was the 10K N-terminal γANP fragment (N-peptide) resulting from the removal of γANP (3K) from γANP (13K). In addition, γANP (13K), which possessed both γANP-(1–25)-LI and αANP-LI, and βANP, an antiparallel dimer of αANP, were detected in ...


Display apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention comprising a display panel, a polarizing plate, a window that is formed on the resin layer and the resin layer formed on the polarizing plate positioned on the display panel is formed on a substrate, the substrate, the number of the window that faces the resin layer a receiving groove for receiving a resin layer on one side can be formed.


A brief explanation of the FASTBUS protocol has been given along with a short description of the 3 FASTBUS modules and operating system which are being used in the initial prototyping and verification efforts.