This essay looks at training nurses in British Columbia (Canada) to be critical thinkers through the use of nurses' narrative notes of patient care. The paper argues that the registered nurse can use the Nursing Process, a nursing problem solving framework that relies on the nurse's ability to think logically, to critically reflect on care provided and to ensure safe practice. The Process is a five-step thinking framework based on a nursing assessment of patient needs in which subjective and objective data are collected. The data are analyzed, the problem is identified, and plans are created for resolution of the problem. The validity of the goals and the outcomes of the interventions are evaluated in the final step of the process. Each phase should be reflected in the patient care record. Teaching strategies that promote critical thinking skills in nursing students can be designed also as a means to promote self-evaluation. Analytic writing exercises based on the narrative nursing notes written by the student are used to facilitate independent learning. Students who are given opportunities to reflect on the nursing notes they have recorded can begin to recognize the imperfections in their thought processes and eventually to become independent critical thinkers capable of assuring the provision of safe, quality patient care. (JB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** NZ Creating The Thinking Practitioner Creating the Thinking Practitioner: Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Penny Heaslip B.Sc.N., M.Ed., R N. University College of the Cariboo Kamloops, B. C., V2C-5N3 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Ohrce of Educanonal Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERIO This document has been reproduced as received from the OefSOn Of orgamratron of qinafing r. Minor changes have been made to morose reoroduChOn Ouafity Points Of we* or OpwnonS stated .n tens0Ocu ment do not necesSann, represent otficral OERI pos.ton or policy -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATER/AL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


We present comparison results of our Independent Latitude (IL) catalogue of μδ determinations for 1120 bright stars with the Hipparcos, new Hipparcos and Earth Orientation Catalogue (EOC-2) values. Also, we took into consideration the EOC3 and EOC4 (recent versions of EOC catalogues). Our μδ values are based on zenith telescope observations from seven Independent Latitude (IL) observatories. The IL measures are spanning a time baseline of up to 90 years which is the key advantage to the accurate determination of μδ. The short interval of the Hipparcos satellite observations is a disadvantage for a good accuracy of stellar proper motion, especially in the case of double and multiple stars. For this reason many astrometric catalogues have appeared after the publication of the Hipparcos including our IL catalogue. These catalogues are an appropriate combination of the Hipparcos satellite and ground-based data which yields more accurate stellar coordinates and/or their proper motions. Among various types of ground-based observations the latitude and universal time variations obtained from several million observations of stars reduced to the Hipparcos reference system were used for this purpose. These observations were obtained during almost the entire last century and were originally used to determine the Earth Orientation Parameters. It is also possible to use these data in the inverse task of checking the accuracy of stellar coordinates and/or their proper motions listed in the Hipparcos Catalogue. Such latitude and universal time variations data are the basis of the EOC and IL catalogues. In this paper, we computed the differences in μδ values between pairs of catalogues and analyzed the results to characterize the μδ errors for the four catalogues with a special focus on our IL catalogue. The standard errors of μδ for IL stars observed over more than 20 years are mostly smaller than or equal to the Hipparcos errors, and close to the accuracy level of the EOC-2 (EOC-3, EOC-4) and the new Hipparcos. The resulting investigations of errors of differences of μδ, show that all four catalogues have relatively small random and systematic errors which are close to each other meaning that the corresponding μδ values have a high accuracy. Our sample also contains detected double and multiple stars for which the effects of the orbital and proper motions are difficult to separate. The differences of μδ values for these stars generally exceed those obtained for single stars. Also, these discrepancies could be attributed to effect of possible, still unrecognized, astrometric binaries. These investigations about the proper motions and double stars are in line with the activity of the IAU Working Group on Astrometry by Small Ground-Based Telescopes. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


J..ustralian Institute of Political sea enc e , Wilkes, J.od.NEW GUINEAMiD AUSTRALIA. Sydney, Australia, .Angus and R,bertson, 1958. 246 p. 25s. Useful papers on the land and people of the Territory of Papua. and N~\., Guinea, present polioies of the Australian government and problems of future development, with a record of oomments and discussions. There are both appreoiative and oritioa1 referenoes to Christian missions.


Organosilicone modified acrylic emulsion with hard core and soft shell is formulated by seed emulsion polymerization with isooctyl acrylate as shell and MMA as core.The influence of functional monomers,structures of core-shell monomer units,initiator and et al to the performances of emulsion is introduc ed.


The invention provides an application method of multi-feed efficient mixing equipment. The multi-feed efficient mixing equipment is used according to the following method including the steps that firstly, the rotation speed and color corresponding table of screw feeders is set; secondly, red plastic particles, yellow plastic particles and blue plastic particles are correspondingly placed in three feeding assemblies; thirdly, the screw feeders of the three feeding assemblies are started according to the corresponding table, and meanwhile an air draft motor, a first motor and a second motor of a draught hood are started; and fourthly, material receiving operation is conducted. According to the application method, the using efficiency of the mixing equipment can be effectively improved, and mixed material color matching accuracy can be improved; and the multiple plastic particles can be sufficiently mixed, and the work efficiency is high.


The basis for the article is the notion that man cannot be seen as simply another part of the ecosystem: human actions must be understood in terms of human culture. Culture is the filter through which humans see and interact with their environment. This means that human actions are not always the most "economical" in terms of adapting to natural conditions. In fact, sometimes the effort to fulfill social (rather than subsistence) needs results in actions which in the long-run are detrimental to subsistence activity. The article describes a situation during the Bronze Age in an area on the southern coast of Sweden, in which this seems to have been the case.


In modern railway automatic train protection and automatic train control systems, odometry is a safety relevant on-board subsystem which estimates the instantaneous speed and the travelled distance of the train; a high reliability of the odometry estimate is fundamental, since an error on the train position may lead to a potentially dangerous overestimation of the distance available for braking. To improve the odometry estimate accuracy, data fusion of different inputs coming from a redundant sensor layout may be used. The aim of this work has been developing an innovative localisation algorithm for railway vehicles able to enhance the performances, in terms of speed and position estimation accuracy, of the classical odometry algorithms, such as the Italian Sistema Controllo Marcia Treno (SCMT). The proposed strategy consists of a sensor fusion between the information coming from a tachometer and an Inertial Measurements Unit (IMU). The sensor outputs have been simulated through a 3D multibody model of a railway vehicle. The work has provided the development of a custom IMU, designed by ECM S.p.a, in order to meet their industrial and business requirements. The industrial requirements have to be compliant with the European Train Control System (ETCS) standards: the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), a project developed by the European Union to improve the interoperability among different countries, in particular as regards the train control and command systems, fixes some standard values for the odometric (ODO) performance, in terms of speed and travelled distance estimation. The reliability of the ODO estimation has to be taken into account basing on the allowed speed profiles. The results of the currently used ODO algorithms can be improved, especially in case of degraded adhesion conditions; it has been verified in the simulation environment that the results of the proposed localisation algorithm are always compliant with the ERTMS requirements. The estimation strategy has good performance also under degraded adhesion conditions and could be put on board of high-speed railway vehicles; it represents an accurate and reliable solution. The IMU board is tested via a dedicated Hardware in the Loop (HIL) test rig: it includes an industrial robot able to replicate the motion of the railway vehicle. Through the generated experimental outputs the performances of the innovative localisation algorithm have been evaluated: the HIL test rig permitted to test the proposed algorithm, avoiding expensive (in terms of time and cost) on-track tests, obtaining encouraging results. In fact, the preliminary results show a significant improvement of the position and speed estimation performances compared to those obtained with SCMT algorithms, currently in use on the Italian railway network.


A mutation in the gene IRA] (formerly called PPI)I) was originally characterized as a deficiency of a phosphoprotein phosphatase. The IRA] gene has been cloned and sequenced. A large open reading frame (8,817 base pairs) which can encode a protein of 2,938 amino acids was found. Northern (RNA) blot analysis detected a message of about 10 kilobases, and nuclease Si protection demonstrated mRNA start points at 97 and 98 base pairs upstream from the putative initiator ATG codon. Disruption of the IRA) gene resulted in sensitivity to nitrogen starvation and heat shock. Diploids homozygous for the disrupted IRA] gene were deficient in sporulation. Disruption of the IRA) gene suppressed the lethality of the cdc25 mutation but did not suppress the lethality of either the rasl ras2 or the cyri mutations. Deficiency of the phosphoprotein phosphatase was not reproducible in the disruption mutant of the IRA) gene. Moreover, the iral mutant showed an increased level of cyclic AMP. Our results suggest that the IRA) protein inhibits the function of the RAS proteins in a fashion antagonistic to the function of the CDC25 protein in the RAS-cyclic AMP pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


A safe and accessible authentication technique is a prerequisite for any modern e-government application. Two-factor authentication is currently widely adopted, since it alleviates many vulnerabilities of password-based authentication. The majority of e-government systems currently make use of text messages to deliver the second authentication factor, but these messages do not constitute an adequate (secure and reliable) solution. In this paper we show how to use One-Time Passwords (OTP) generated by a per-user, ad-hoc built application installed on a smartphone to support a two-factor authentication scheme specifically targeted to e-government tasks. In particular, we develop a process for the request, generation and distribution of such an application that achieves the same security of OTP hardware devices but avoids the related distribution and management costs, requiring no dedicated hardware and relying on the pre-existing administrative infrastructure. The process is designed to be accessible by any citizen who is able to perform very basic operations on a smartphone.


Through analyzing the status,a guarantee management system of national defense transportation based on GIS is established,in which the adaptability,expansibility,timing and spatial analysis are its demanding objects. In addition,five subsystems,that is,spatial data management subsystem,attribute data and national defense transportation data management subsystem,inquiry subsystem,spatial analysis subsystem and diagram output subsystem,are advanced and analyzed,which contributes to the information-based construction of national defense transportation.


The research aims to determine customer satisfaction based on the quality of school services that can shape the school's image and customer loyalty. The research approach used mixed method research with a sequential mixed methods type with a sequential explanatory strategy. This research used interviews and questionnaires as research instruments. Total of 151 were chosen by using probability sampling with stratified random sampling. The data had collected then analyzed with univariate analysis, servqual analysis, and importance-performance analysis. The results of the research conducted, there are differences between expectations and reality for all dimensions of the quality of school services that are measured. Furthermore, the results of the interviews conducted showed that the dimensions of physical evidence are things that need to be improved, but in terms of teacher quality, it is already good. Those results indicate that customer satisfaction has not achieved yet, when referring to the theory of customer satisfaction. Schools are expected to be able to make improvements to the quality of service to students so that they can become a bridge to establish good communication with parents and be able to create positive perceived values for schools.


The preparation of standard gas bags containing known volumes of toxicant and diluting gas is commonly used for the calibration of analytical instrumentation in inhalation toxicology. When the toxicant is a gas, the volume to volume calculations are readily m ade. However, liquid toxicants require mathematical conversion from the liquid to the gaseous state, taking into account the volume of liquid used, its purity, and the effects of temperature and atmospheric pressure on the calculation of the final volume of the toxicant. The Microsoft Visual Basic program described herein accounts for all of these parameters and allows for fast, accurate computations of any one of the parameters-total volume of gas in the standard bag, parts per million of toxicant in the standard bag, microliters of toxicant required-given the other two. Since it is a menu-driven program, changes can be readily made to the input param eters and updated values can be rapidly calculated. The program makes ''what if''types of calculati...


We cannot afford to carry out intensive regeneration work in dry areas (except those that are very close to centres of demand) unless most of the work is done for us free of cost by "kumridars." "Kumridars" will not be forthcoming unless they can be sure of at least two years unrestricted cultivation before we put in our forest crop. In very dry localities they should be given three years. If this policy is adopted, not only will the cultivator be benefitted, and through him the country as a whole, but we shall stand a much better chance of raising successful fuel forests than we do at present.


Abstract: In addition to reduced equipment sizes, lower circulation rates, and greater overall amine concentration, selective amines have become more popular for gas sweetening. Selective amines absorb H2S from CO2 through thermodynamic or kinetic processes. Selective amine mixtures may enable a small quantity of CO2 to remain in the treated gas. Plant capacity margins for selective amine units are frequently small. Increasing the acid gas concentration or throughput might result in sweet gas that does not fulfill CO2 specifications. Increasing the amine concentration, employing combinations of amines, and altering the lean amine temperature were explored since adding new equipment may be costly. Compared to increasing reboiler or pumping capacity, these factors need little or no extra capital.


Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, relative permittivity as a function of temperature, and polarization versus field loops were used to study the antiferroelectric/ferroelectric (AFE/FE) phase boundary in Pb_1–1.5 x La_ x Zr_0.9Ti_0.1O_3 (PLZT, 100 x /90/10) ceramics. X-ray diffraction and electrical measurements indicated a FE rhombohedral (R) to AFE tetragonal (T) phase transition between PLZT 2/90/10 and 4/90/10. Both phases exhibited superstructure reflections in electron-diffraction patterns at ½{ hkl } positions consistent with rotations of the octahedra in antiphase. Previously, neutron diffraction suggested that the FE_R has an a ^− a ^− a ^− tilt system (Glazer notation), in agreement with its macroscopic symmetry. By analogy, it is proposed that the AFE_T phase has an a ^0 a ^0 c ^− tilt system. The AFE phase was also characterized by incommensurate superstructure along pseudocubic 〈110〉_p directions, whereas the FE phase had extra commensurate superlattice reflections at 1/2{ hk 0}^p positions. 1/2{ hk 0}_p reflections are forbidden in both tilt systems, but their presence is explained by Pb ion displacements averaged along 〈111〉 but with short coherence antiparallel components along 〈110〉 directions. The antiparallel Pb displacements are coupled to an a ^− b ^− b ^− ( a ≈ b ) monoclinic tilt system in the vicinity of the AFE/FE boundary.


A mechanical model of the muscles of mastication and their effect in producing movement of the lower jaw in the rat has been constructed using the concept of the 'central fibre'. The relative forces these muscles can exert along their lines of action have been calculated. The vectors of the force in the horizontal, vertical and transverse planes have been found. Using these data, the distribution of vector forces about the jaw in the rest position has been demonstrated. The moments of the muscles about the joint in the rest position and in positions corresponding to those taken by the mandible at the beginning of each stroke during the cycles of ingestion and mastication have been calculated. The changes in the moment of each muscle produced by changes in the position of the jaw have been assessed and the effective action of each described.

All the muscles tend to elevate the mandible and, with the exception of the anterior and poterior temporal, to protract it. The posterior temporal is the main retractor of the jaw but may be assisted by the anterior temporal. In addition to stabilizing the vertical and horizontal positions of the jaw in the rest position and during free movements, the deep masseter and anterior temporal elevate the lower jaw during the power stroke of mastication. The anterior deep masseter and its infra-orbital part have the same function during the incisive stroke of ingestion and are probably assisted by the deep masseter. In addition to protracting the mandible, the superficial masseter may act as a regulator of jaw position during the power stroke of mastication and in the incisive stroke of ingestion. The internal and external pterygoids are considered to have a predominantly stabilizing function.

Calculation of the forces acting about the molars during the power stroke of mastication indicates that the jaw is in equilibrium in this position and there is no load on the joint. However during the incisive stroke of ingestion the joint is functioning as a lever of the third order and is heavily loaded.


IEEE 802.11 Media Access Control (MAC) is the most widely used protocol in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks (WANETs). However, it cannot guarantee fair channel allocation among the flows contending for the channel. In this paper, we propose a new media access control algorithm to achieve per-flow fairness while maximizing WANETs throughput.


Energy methods previously developed for the shakedown analyses of framed structures are extended to include structures subjected to cyclically varying loads in the presence of constant, or bias, loads. This approach is based on the hypothesis that, if the total hysteresis energy absorbed by a structure during an indefinitely prolonged repetitive loading program is unbounded, then the structure must ultimately fail. This hypothesis leads to results that are entirely consistent with the classical shakedown theorems. Several illustrative examples demonstrate that the incremental collapse envelopes of framed structures subjected to cyclically varying patterns of loading can be drastically reduced when constant loads are present. These results are essentially due to inelastic interactions between the cyclic and constant loads that magnify the effects of hysteresis. In fact, the reduction in the safe loading ranges (as defined by the incremental collapse envelope) can be a sensitive function of the constant, or...


Deterministic regular expressions (DREGs) are a core part of XML Schema and used in other applications. But unlike regular expressions, DREGs do not have a simple syntax, instead they are defined in a semantic manner, which puts a burden on the user to develop XML Schema Definitions and to use DREGs. In this paper, we propose a syntax for DREGs, and prove that the class of DREGs is context-free. Next, one of the burdens for using DREGs is the automatic generation of DREGs which is indispensable in practice. Based on the context-free grammars for DREGs, we further design a generator for DREGs, which can generate sentences randomly. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of the generator.


This study has a thorough analysis on types of special schools and number as well as structure of special education teachers through investigation of special schools in Jiangsu province,and puts forward some related strategies with the purpose of improving quality of special education teachers in Jiangsu province and providing reference for the government's policy-making.


Dialectology (Dialects Study) is of great importance for language. It states the phases oflanguage and highlights the evolution of language. It contributes to the recognition of the dialectalcharacteristics of each tribe and the extent of its contribution in the composition of the Arabic language.And due to this importance, I have studied in this research the grammatical phenomena in Qais BinTha'alaba Dialect for the standing of this tribe in Arabic language.Qais Bin Tha'alaba Tribe is a major tribe stemmed from Bakr, son of Wael, whose lineage ends toAsad, the son of Rabi'ah the son of Nizar the son of Ma'ad the son of Adnan. This tribe lived in Al-Yamama Region and their houses were from Manfouha - a current south quarter of Riyadh City - to Al-Aflaj Region.The research has displayed the dialectic phenomena of Qais Tribe Dialect. They have not been alot when compared to phonetic, morphological or linguistic phenomena. Some of the neighboring andremote tribes have shred Qais Tribe in these phenomena. That is only because they are scions (sprigs) ofone nation, who communicate so much with each other.These phenomena has stated the eloquence of Qais Tribe Dialect; as there had been provided in theQuran evidences of some of these phenomena. As well, such phenomena had proved Qais Tribe'stendency to mitigation and their selection of mitigating some words.


Document Deliverable number: D4.3 Deliverable title: Working Paper identifying the scope conditions for the EU's enlargement tools and strategies building on the findings of WP1 (effects) and WP3 (discourses)


The biological information extracted from various excitable tissues can be obtained by intracellular as well as by extra-cellular recordings, the latest one being easier and non-invasive method with many applications in medicine testing. Electrophysiological recording of the eye excitability is analyzed in the following computational study dedicated to the diagnosis of the type of dynamics governing the compound eye of the superior invertebrates. The Drosophila Melanogaster representing a well consecrated biological model the optoelectronic transduction phenomena inside of its visual system have been investigated by means of the electroretinographic signal recording and analysis. The overlapping of linear and non-linear dynamical trend was evidenced following the application of several computational tests.


Molten oxides such as silicate melts are used in various fields, including metal manufacturing1) and radioactive waste treatment.2) However, the rheological properties of the melt affect the quality of the manufactured products; moreover, the physical properties of the melt—such as the viscosity,3–5) thermal conductivity,6,7) density,8–10) and surface tension11,12)—are affected by its chemical composition, crystallization, and structure. Numerous studies into the physical and structural properties of melts have therefore been carried out. Currently, structural analyses are performed by Raman spectroscopy13,14) and/or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy;15,16) however, structural analyses by NMR spectroscopy can be particularly time consuming depending on the required conditions (such as relaxation time). The development of a method that can rapidly analyze the structural properties of a melt is therefore highly desirable. In the present study, melt crystallization was detected by the electrical capacitance measurement method applied by Ohta et al.17) to detect the crystallization of glasses above the glass transition temperature. This method has been used to analyze the effects of agitation (by stirring using a rotating electrode) on the crystallization behavior of silicate melts; it was found that agitation accelerates the crystallizaStructural Evaluation of Molten Aluminosilicate by Combining Impedance Measurements and Cell Model Calculations


This paper mainly introduces the design method of the broadband stripline power divider. Based on the Wilkinson power divider, a broadband one-to-two power divider is designed. First, the parameters of the power divider are roughly simulated by ADS, and then the HFSS is used. Carrying out accurate simulation, combining the two simulation software, a Wilkinson stripline power divider with a working bandwidth of 1.2 GHz-3.4 GHz is designed, The overall size of the power divider is 21.5 mm $\times$ 31.44mm $\times$ 2 mm. The simulation results show that: in the working bandwidth, the return loss is greater than 20 dB. The transmission loss is less than 3.3 dB, and the isolation of the output port is greater than 17 dB.


Abstract Psychologists find themselves increasingly responsible for the evaluation of young developmentally disabled children 0–6 years of age. The following paper explores the multiple dimensions of a psychological evaluation of the young DD child. These dimensions include assessment of intellectual abilities, adaptive behaviors, and social and environmental interactions, as well as the adaptation of existing tools to assess these areas. Application of these procedures to specific handicapping conditions and specific testing environments are discussed. In addition, alternative methods of reporting findings and writing functional assessments are presented.


Exact constitutional classification is especially important in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Therefore, most studies on the Sasang Constitutional medicine have been focused on how accurately to classify Sasang Constitution. Recently, there have been reported on the studies about relationship between genetic polymorphism and Sansang Constitution. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is any correlation between Sasang Constitution and HLA type. Polymorphism of HLA genes have been known to be important role in transplantation, autoimmune disease, immune response against infection. This study was concentrated on a relationship of HLA-A, -C, -DR, and -DQ types with Sasang Constitution. Results are as following. 1. In the case of HLA-A, there was no significant difference. Only has a tendency which Soyangin is less frequent than Soeumin and Taeumin. 2. In the case of HLA-C, there was significant difference between Sasang Constitution and HLA type. In persons having allele, Taeumin is more frequent than Soyangin and Soeumin. On the other hand, Soyangin is more frequent than Taeumin and Soeumin in allele. has a tendency which Soeumin is more frequent than Soyangin and Taeumin. 3. In. the case of HLA-DR type and HLA-DQ type, there was no significant difference among Sansang Constitution. On the study of correlation between Sasang Constitution and HLA type, there was little statistical significance and tendency. This study was the first try about presentation of frequency on the HLA alleles corresponding with Sasang Constitution. I think that more study on the relationship between HLA gene and Sasang Constitution is necessary by method of large case research and various statistical analysis.


The heterogeneous reaction of CION02 California 91109 + NaCl + C12 + NaN03 (1) was investigated over a temperature range of 220 300 K in a flow-tube reactor interfaced with a differentially pumped quadruple mass spectrometer. Partial pressures of CION02 in the range 10-810-5 Torr were used. Granule sizes and surface roughness of the NaCl substrates were determined by using a scanning electron microscope; and in separate experiments, surface areas of the substrates were measured by using BET analysis of gas-adsorption isotherms. For dry NaCl substrates both the decay rates of CION02 and the growth rates of C12 were used to obtain reaction probabilities, Y1 = (4.6 t 3.0) x 10-3 at 298 K and (6.7* 3.2)x 10-3 at 225 K, after considering the internal surface area. The error bars represent one standard deviation. The C12 yield based on the CION02 reacted was measured to be 1.0 & 0.2. In order to mimic the conditions encountered in the lower stratosphere, the effect of water vapor pressures between 5 x 10-5 and 3 x 10-4 Torr on reaction (1) was also studied. With added H20, reaction probabilities, Y1 = (4.1 t2.l)x 10-3 at 298 Kand (4.7 * 2.9) x 10-3 at 225 K, were obtained. A trace of HOCI, the reaction product from the CION02 + H20 -+ HOCI + HN03 reaction, was observed in addition to the C12 product from reaction 1. The implications of this result for the enhancement of hydrogen chloride in the stratosphere after the El Chichon volcanic eruption and for the marine troposphere are discussed. *Current address: Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, SF-00170, Helsinki, Finland. **Current Address: Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Wadsworth Center for Laboratory Research, State University of New York, P. O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201. ***To whom correspondence should be addressed. (naclrev.doc:l-l 1-94)


On the theory of the jamming system through area mapping for GPS navigation,the arithmetic to calculate the neighborhood of illusive point "F" is presented in this paper.Then the influence factors of mapping scale,including the relation between the real point "R" and the illusive point "F" and the distribution of transmitters,have been analyzed.The study conclusion on optimizing mapping scale by choosing two points' positions and the distribution of transmitters gives good reference to practice application.


The key strength of hard x-ray full-field microscopy is the large penetration depth of hard x-rays into matter, which allows one to image the interior of opaque objects. Combined with tomographic techniques, the three-dimensional inner structure of an object can be reconstructed without the need for difficult and destructive sample preparation. Projection microscopy and microtomography are now routinely available at synchrotron radiation sources. The resolution of these techniques is limited by that of the detector to 1 μm or slightly less. X-ray images and tomograms at higher spatial resolution can be obtained by x-ray optical magnification, for example, by using parabolic refractive x-ray lenses as a magnifying optic. Combining magnifying x-ray imaging with tomography allows one to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of an object, such as a microprocessor chip, with resolution well below 1 μm. In x-ray scanning microscopy, the sample is scanned through a small-diameter beam. The great advantage of scanning microscopy is that x-ray analytical techniques such as fluorescence analysis, diffraction, and absorption spectroscopy can be used as contrast mechanisms in the microscope. In combination with tomography, fluorescence analysis makes it possible to reconstruct the distribution of different chemical elements inside an object (fluorescence microtomography), while combining absorption spectroscopy with tomography yields the distribution of different oxidation states of atomic species.


Abstract With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the accounting and auditing profession has been exposed to additional risks, challenges, and serious threats that affect audit quality; audit timeliness. Therefore, this study examines the effect of COVID-19 on audit reporting lag (ARL). In addition, this study investigates whether the internal corporate monitoring mechanisms contribute to mitigating the effect of the global health crisis; consequently, the study employs the internal audit function (IAF) cost as a moderator on the relationship between COVID-19 and ARL. To accomplish the objectives of our study, a sample of 1,352 firm-year observations from Malaysian listed firms was employed during the period 2017–2020, and feasible generalized least square (FGLS) regression was used. The findings indicate that auditors take longer to complete audit tasks and produce audit reports during COVID-19 than before. However, that period is obviously reduced with firms investing higher in their IAF. Furthermore, the findings obtained from the additional analyses and endogeneity tests support the main regression findings, thereby revealing that the findings are robust. The study's findings are among the earliest empirical evidence of the effect of COVID-19 on the ARL.


The use of stacked patch (SP) antennas is proposed for enhancing an operational bandwidth of a spatial power combiner employing a planar amplifying transmit array (TXA). In this array, input and output ports of individual amplifiers are equipped with orthogonally oriented SP antennas, which are located on opposite sides of the ground plane. A 4 /spl times/ 4 SP TXA, along with two hard horns, is designed and constructed to form an X-band spatial power combiner. This device is experimentally tested showing an increased operational bandwidth in comparison with its counterpart that uses edge-feed microstrip patch antennas.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that worsens over time after fourth decade of life. Most of this disability burden is attributable to the involvement of the hips or the knees. Globally over 100 million people worldwide suffer from Osteoarthritis and is the fourth leading cause of year lived with disability (YLDs), accounting for 3.0% of total global YLDs. 1 It also accounts for the decrease in activities of daily living (ADL) in elderly dependent population in the community. 2 OA is strongly associated with ageing and the Asian region is ageing rapidly. In India, 8% of total population are above 60 years in 2010 and is likely to rise to 21% by 2050. 3 Further, OA has been associated with heavy physical occupational activity, a required livelyhood for many people living in rural communities in developing countries. ABSTRACT


Through the analysis of the Town Museum of Baranello we will observe the phenomenon of the industrial arts museums, that developed during the second half of the 19th century in the main Italian and European towns following the example of South Kensington Museum in London. These museums hosted collections made by samples of decorative art manufacture, that before then had been excluded by all conservations mechanisms; also, such structures were linked to a network of professional training schools in industrial design, addressed to the serial production of art objects obtained by industrial automation processes. The Museum of Baranello represents a smaller example of its category due to the lack of an adequate industrial tissue on the territory; it will nonetheless serve the purpose of recording the differences between the local features versus the national features, and in particular the Neapolitan context where Giuseppe Barone operated. Given the middle position between arts and training, the reference production belongs to both the historical-economic and historical-artistic frameworks. For a profile analysis of Giuseppe Barone and the Museum that carries his name, we drew from the papers and the library kept therein.


Abstract : The simulation of VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) circuits falls beyond the capabilities of conventional circuit simulators like SPICE. On the other hand, conventional logic simulators can only give the results of logic levels 1 and 0 with the attendent loss of detail in the waveforms. The aim of developing large-scale circuit simulation is to bridge the gap between conventional circuit simulation and logic simulation. This research is to investigate new approaches for fast and relatively accurate time-domain simulation of MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductors), LSI (Large Scale Integration) and VLSI circuits. New techniques and new algorithms are studied in the following areas: (1) analysis sequencing (2) nonlinear iteration (3) modified Gauss-Seidel method (4) latency criteria and timestep control scheme. The developed methods have been implemented into a simulation program PREMOS which could be used as a design verification tool for MOS circuits. (Author)


Measurement of ash particle distribution within volcanic eruption plumes is important for volcanic hazard prediction, but is difficult because of the inherent danger and inaccessibility of volcanoes, and the three‐dimensional time‐dependent dynamics of turbulent eruption plumes. A combined study using a novel UV camera coupled with classical analysis of the dynamics of finite‐volume buoyant plumes has been used to develop a detection algorithm for ground‐based volcanic ash monitoring. The method provides the capability to observe and measure the internal structure of the plume, and processes occurring during plume rise, including concentration of ash over time into the plume 'head', increased ash at the plume edges during early formation and dilution at the top of the plume head as entrainment of surrounding air occurs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This investigation had purpose, to determine the impact in the students of the upper level in Valledupar city, as exposed to telematics new technologies Considering that if takes place by different factors that affects directly the behavior of the students. The study was carried out from the point of view of the student attitude, that is to say, the students disposition facing the academic medium, the study aptitude that is inherent to the human being and that in principle determine his academic achievement and finally of the basic knowledge that the students brings about new technologies, obtained through different means and learning processes. It is a study of non experimental, descriptive type in the viable project mode. For the study a probability sample was carried out taking a 100 student sample which corresponds to 10% of the total student population in environment and sanitations Engineering program at UPC. The development of this project culminates with the learning environment description based in now technologies.


This paper presents the design, implementation and simulation of a high-gain, low-power, low-noise CMOS front-end transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for optical interfacing between a biosensor array and analog neural circuits of biohybrid robot controller along with description of Central Pattern Generator (CPG) design used for Cyberplasm based biomimetic robot controller. The proposed TIA uses an improved capacitive-feedback TIA topology with an active load to avoid the design issue from large onchip resistors and to increase the design flexibility in gain-bandwidth trade-offs, and it accomplishes a 100MΩ transimpedance gain, 1MHz bandwidth, 158fA/rt(Hz) input-referred current noise at sensing frequency, near 0° phase shift, and 1V peak-to-peak output swing. The proposed circuit dissipates 132μW from a 1.8V supply and the circuit is implemented and verified on silicon in a standard 0.18μm CMOS 1P6M technology.


Vision is an essential part in robotic systems, where attention plays an important role to cope with the complexity of the real world. Attention mechanisms have been proposed in the past to guide search and also segmentation of objects. Building on recent advances in affordable 3D sensing we first attend to objects using a novel saliency map, based on color and depth information. We then segment attended objects using an edge map that uses color, depth and curvature within a probabilistic framework. We present an improvement over existing methods regarding the quality of attention points, in terms of their location within the object and the number of attended objects. Together the proposed attention points and probabilistic edges lead to a significant improvement of segmentation results compared to existing methods of active segmentation1.


vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.0 Motivation for the Study 1 1.1 Corporate Governance and CSR Disclosure 1 1.2 The Research Questions and their Importance 4 1.3 Method 5 1.4 Findings 6 1.4.1 Key Findings for the First Research Question 6 1.4.2 Key Findings for the Second Research Question 6 1.4.3 Key Findings for the Third Research Question 6 1.5 Outline of Remaining Chapters 7 Chapter 2: Literature Review and Theoretical Development 8 2.


This project introduces a pedagogical technique designed to help improve student attentiveness and energy in a lecture class. This idea was motivated by early morning classes in which students are tired and have difficulty paying attention and remaining focused. This work offers a relatively simple but effective approach which takes only about 5 minutes of class time once per week. The basic idea is to start off the class period with interesting a fun material that is somewhat related to the course material. This helps to capture students' attention, wakes them up a bit, and gets their interest and energy flowing early in the period. Following this activity, the remaining class period can be treated as normal, but can "ride the wave" of student interest. Results from an anonymous student survey indicate that on average students strongly agree that they enjoy this activity and have more energy afterwards, and agree that it is beneficial to their overall learning in the course. Anonymous student comments from the survey as well as the student evaluations for the course also support the effectiveness of this concept.


Grid-connected power converters should employ advanced current controllers, e.g., proportional resonant (PR) and repetitive controllers (RC), in order to produce high-quality feed-in currents that are required to be synchronized with the grid voltage. The synchronization is actually to detect the instantaneous grid information (e.g., frequency and phase of the grid voltage) for the current control, which is commonly performed by a phase-locked loop (PLL) system. Hence, harmonics and deviations in the estimated frequency by the PLL could lead to current tracking performance degradation, especially for the periodic signal controllers (e.g., PR and RC) with a fixed sampling rate. In this paper, the impacts of frequency deviations induced by the PLL and/or the grid disturbances on the selected current controllers are investigated by analyzing the frequency adaptability of these current controllers. Subsequently, strategies to enhance the frequency adaptability of the current controllers are proposed for the power converters to produce high-quality feed-in currents even in the presence of grid frequency deviations. Specifically, by feeding back the PLL estimated frequency to update the center frequencies of the resonant controllers and by approximating the fractional delay using a Lagrange interpolating polynomial for the RC, respectively, the frequency-variation-immunity of these periodic current controllers with a fixed sampling rate is improved. Experiments on a single-phase grid-connected system are presented, which have verified the discussions and the effectiveness of the frequency adaptive current controllers.


Over the course of 2018 the extended archaeological excavations at the site of the medieval fortress of Bologa unveiled multiple areas of interest that are the target of a rehabilitation and cultural valorization process. Amid the large slabs and carved stone blocks emerged a fragment of a Roman altar, having on one of its faces a part of a Latin inscription. The fragment is most likely the lower third of the monument, featuring a clean stone workmanship.


Survivin encoded by BIRC5 belongs to the group of proteins that inhibit apoptosis. It consists of the BIR and α-helical C domains. In addition to its inhibitory activity, it plays an important role in cell cycle regulation. Adalimumab is an immunosuppressive drug, a recombinant human anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody. It is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the expression of BIRC5 and genes encoding apoptosis inhibitors (IAP), depending on the exposure time of the cells to adalimumab. The study material consisted of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cultured under standard conditions in the presence of adalimumab (8μg/mL) for 2, 8 and 24 hours. The expression profile of genes associated with apoptosis was determined with the use of HG-U133A 2.0 oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix). The comparative analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests (p<0.05) using the PL-Grid Infrastructure (http://www.plgrid.pl/en). In this study, it was determined that the number of mRNAs encoding proteins from the IAP family, differentiating the NHDF culture exposed to the anti-TNF drug from the control, varies depending on the exposure time of the cells to the drug (2h, 8h, 24h) and is as follows: 2h, 5 mRNAs; 8h, 6 mRNAs; 24h, 1 mRNAs. 1 ID mRNA changes its transcriptional activity regardless of the exposure time of cells to the drug and it is BIRC5 (p<0.05). The FC value for this mRNA is as follows: 2h vs. C, -1.59; 8h vs. C, -1.38; and 24h vs. C, 1.16. The effect of adalimumab on the transcriptional activity of the gene encoding survivin depends on the exposure time of the cells to the World Scientific News 93 (2018) 60-67 -61drug. BIRC5 is a gene differentiating the culture of normal human dermal fibroblasts regardless of the exposure time to adalimumab. The direction of expression change depends on the time of exposure to the drug.


For the first time and in contrast to a recent experiment, a pronounced nonspherical angular distribution for the fragment ions following double photoionization of H{sub 2} has been observed. In addition, the accompanying cross section has turned out to be surprisingly small in comparison to the prediction of a recent theoretical investigation. Both observations suggest that the dynamics of double photoionization for the simplest two-center two-electron system remains an open problem.


This study aims to develop and find out the quality of teaching materials in the form of teaching modules assisted by the geogebra program on transformational geometry lectures. The Geogebra-assisted transformation geometry module is structured systematically and accompanied by steps to solve transformation problems using Geogebra. This type of research is development research (Research and Development / R & D). The development model is 4D which consists of four stages, namely defining, designing, developing and disseminating. In this study, only three steps were carried out, namely the defining, the design, and the development stage. The research instrument is a module validation sheet. The product assessment was carried out by 3 validators consisting of 2 material experts and 1 media expert who was a lecturer in the mathematics education study program. The results showed that the assessment of the two validators of material experts on the geogebra-assisted transformation geometry module developed had an average total score of 3.38 with very good criteria, while for validators media experts had an average total score of 3.21 with very good criteria.  Very good criteria from the results of the validation of media experts and material experts showed that the geometry module of geogebra-assisted transformation was valid and suitable for use as teaching material in lectures.


Following large environmental conflicts and disasters, economic endeavors -particular large-scale investments in mining or hydropower- are nowadays subjected to rigorous environmental law and regulations. The application of rules and regulations takes place in environmental administration and courts and includes environmental impact assessments (EIAs, and does not correspond to the identical English acronym), licensing processes and litigation in court. Within these contexts, decision making is supposed to be based on rational reasoning and purportedly impartial scientific knowledge and information. Thus, citizens' rights in resource conflicts and the effective enforcement of these rights in administrative, judicial, and political contestation become highly dependent on knowledge and information and the ways it is produced, interpreted, and valued in the interaction between people affected and investors, lays and experts, bureaucrats, legal practitioners and citizens. Political contestation becomes seemingly a technical dispute. This paper bases on a qualitative study of the conflicts surrounding the establishment of the large-scale iron-ore mining project Minas-Rio, in Conceição do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, Brazil, conducted in 2014-2015. It describes the problematic nature of the production of information and knowledge in a given political-economic context and the contestations surrounding the validity of apparently scientific results as they emerged alongside the environmental licensing process. Environmental studies and their technical evaluations are based on questionable assumptions and often lack accurate baseline data. The deficiency of public resources for independent investigation makes the environmental agencies dependent on services and information provided by mining companies. Apart from this form of collaboration, the prioritization of allegedly scientific "expert" knowledge, career trajectories of agencies' personnel, and pressure by pro-mining politicians leads to the uncritical adoption of data, information and knowledge provided by the company and/or the consultancy firms employed by them. At the same time, information given by the people affected and environmentalists becomes sidelined. Thereby, the basic environmental and citizen rights, as the rights to information concerning the environment and to participation in licensing processes, guaranteed in the Brazilian constitution and environmental legislation, become ineffective.


The authors consider heterostructures of silicon carbide obtained during endotaxy on silicon substrates. The question is raised in connection with the description of the endotaxy process itself at the structural level. Authors focus on the technological aspects of the formation of a stable β-SiC/Si heterostructure by endotaxy in relation to the evolution of point defects of various nature and their probable association models with the participation of a radionuclide impurity at the micro-alloying level: 1) the growth of the SiC*/Si thin layer with C-14 atoms in the doping process; 2) physical properties of defects formation; 3) some interface between properties and efficiency.


In the military environment, microwaves are mainly used by radars. The general public applications of microwaves are essentially the cellular phone and the microwave oven, with exposure to TV signals and FM radio. A few years ago, articles in the national and international press expressed concern about cancer incidences among radar technicians and people housed in the neighborhood of an antenna base station. In this study, a possible causal link between radar radiation and the physiological and cellular changes is being evaluated by an epidemiological animal study on 120 rats, for 1 year. In order to assess the possible biological long-term effects of microwaves, we selected among others the following blood parameters: lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and platelets. A quantitative study will be performed in a first step.


Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) have become more and more popular, especially for isolated regions. Various renewable energy resources are utilised to produce energy for different usage. This paper discusses the design of HRES for the Ha'apai island group. Possible renewable resources for electricity generation are investigated and the optimum system configuration at the lowest capital expenditure is obtained by HOMER software. Moreover, an analysis of the impact on diesel price and renewable penetration to HRES is presented, and the feasible option for Ha'apai is derived from system simulation.


The popularity of RDF has led to the creation of several datasets (e.g.,
 Yago, DBPedia) with different natures (graph, temporal, spatial). Different
 extensions have also been proposed for SPARQL language to provide
 appropriate processing. The best known is GeoSparql, that allows the
 integration of a set of spatial operators. In this paper, we propose new
 strategies to support such operators within a particular TripleStore, named
 RDF QDAG, that relies on graph fragmentation and exploration and guarantees
 a good compromise between scalability and performance. Our proposal covers
 the different TripleStore components (Storage, evaluation, optimization). We
 evaluated our proposal using spatial queries with real RDF data, and we also
 compared performance with the latest version of a popular commercial
 TripleStore. The first results demonstrate the relevance of our proposal and
 how to achieve an average gain of performance of 28% by choosing the right
 evaluation strategies to use. Based on these results, we proposed to extend
 the RDF QDAG optimizer to dynamically select the evaluation strategy to use
 depending on the query. Then, we show also that our proposal yields the best
 strategy for most queries.


Virtualization is a virtual machine that is created in the form of
software and used to make other operating system in the computer
operating systems. Virtualiasasi example is VirtualBox, On this Project to
install VirtualBox in computer operating systems and installation operating
system Ubuntu 14.04, Fedora 22 dan OpenSUSE 13.1 into VirtualBox.
The next stage of the third operating system already installed on
VirtualBox can use the existing features in VirtualBox. Then install the
database software on the Ubuntu operating system, installation of a
networking software in Fedora operating system and software installation
routines in the OpenSUSE operating system.
PHPVirtualBox is Virtualization Software that functions the same as
VirtualBox but it had excess operating system can display in the browser.
To the end of the Project, display and run the operating system Ubuntu,
Fedora and OpenSUSE in a web browser using PHPVirtualBox from the
first computer to the second computer via a LAN cable.


Thirty-three patients with untreated small cell lung carcinoma received 6 cycles epirubicin 30 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1, 8, and 15, in combination with cyclophosphamide 1,000 mg/m2 on day 1 and vincristine 2 mg i.v. on day 1 every 3 weeks. Thirty-one patients were evaluable concerning state of remission. Four out of 13 patients with limited disease had a complete, and 6 a partial remission, while 2 out of 18 patients with extensive disease had a complete and 8 a partial remission. The toxicity of this therapy regimen was very low. The results of this treatment did not differ significantly in comparison to the standardized treatment of small cell lung cancer, but it was easier to tolerate.


The spatial distribution of sports facilities is one of the important sports geography.By studying the spatial distribution of urban sports facilities,it can reflect the thinking of city planners of sports facilities,the state of development of economic society,the distribution of all sectors of the population in cities and so on.Thus,it can provide recommendations for the rational distribution of city's sports facilities,and predict different types of layout of sports facilities,especially the commercial development of sports facilities.This paper,taking badminton hall in Xi'an as an example,explores the issue of the layout of the space.Research methods:case-finding method,the literature review,field survey,the map method,logical analysis.The main conclusions:Overall,Xi'an badminton hall showed a little more than in south than north,and the west is a little more than the pattern of the east.In the seven administrative regions of the city,the maximum is Yanta district,the second is Beilin district and the least is the Baqiao district.This space distribution is mainly affected by the spatial distribution of population,environment,urban zoning and traffic.Policy recommendations:Predicting the future will be expanding in southeast of Xi'an Qujiang badminton hall region,the northern part of Zhangjiabao regional expansion.In other regions may become saturated,and is not suitable for reconstruction of commercial facilities and so on.


An obstructive upper airway condition, such as dorsal displacement of the soft palate, often leads to poor performance among athletic horses. This condition may be caused by a primary dysfunction of the neuromuscular regulation of the soft palate. Author's address: Dept. of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1314. r 1998AAEP.


The article is devoted to the examination of the parish-registers from different faiths in the Donbass. Analysis of the forms features found capturing information in the register. Much attention is paid to the national features in making official records.


Two new species of parasitic larval mites of the genus Charletonia (Acari: Erythraeidae) are described from Tamil Nadu, India. Charletonia keralicus sp. nov. was collected from Oxya sp. and C. sureshi sp.nov. from Attractomorpha sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae). These new species are closely related to C. barbala and C. taiwanensis, but can be differentiated by the longer idiosomalae, longer AL and PL, longer ISD, larger AW/PW and Asens, lesser Psens and other body setal characters.


Significance The inositol polyphosphate system is a major intracellular signaling modality. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) is essential for this system, converting inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) to IP4 and IP4 to IP5. IPMK also is a physiologic PI3-kinase. In a noncatalytic manner, IPMK stabilizes the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex as well as tumor suppressor protein p53 and CREB-binding protein (CBP)/E1A binding protein p300. We now demonstrate that IPMK is a transcriptional coactivator for serum response factor (SRF) signaling, which is markedly reduced in IPMK-deleted mice and augmented by IPMK overexpression. IPMK binds directly to SRF, facilitating its interaction with serum response elements of multiple immediate early genes. Agents influencing IPMK interactions with SRF may be useful in regulating the SRF signaling system. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) is a notably pleiotropic protein. It displays both inositol phosphate kinase and phosphatidylinositol kinase catalytic activities. Noncatalytically, IPMK stabilizes the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and acts as a transcriptional coactivator for CREB-binding protein/E1A binding protein p300 and tumor suppressor protein p53. Serum response factor (SRF) is a major transcription factor for a wide range of immediate early genes. We report that IPMK, in a noncatalytic role, is a transcriptional coactivator for SRF mediating the transcription of immediate early genes. Stimulation by serum of many immediate early genes is greatly reduced by IPMK deletion. IPMK stimulates expression of these genes, an influence also displayed by catalytically inactive IPMK. IPMK acts by binding directly to SRF and thereby enhancing interactions of SRF with the serum response element of diverse genes.


NAOYUKI KATO, SHIGERU NAKA0'), HIDEKAZU YAMAMOTO, KIYOHIKO YAMAMOTO and Tomowo HIRASAWA Observation Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980 (Received July 29, 1991) Abstract : We present a statistical method for objectively detecting changes in linear trends of time series or random functions of other physical parameters. Estimates of linear trends in two neighboring data windows are obtained by a least squares method, and the significance of difference between the two estimates of trends is statistically tested by using the Student's t-statistic. The validity of the regression model is checked by the Durbin-Watson statistic, which is used for testing the serial correlation of error terms. When the regression model is valid and the estimates of linear trends in two neighboring windows are significantly different from each other, we conclude statistically that the linear trend changes at the center (or common point) of the two windows. Numerical experi-ments using synthetic data sets demonstrate that our method is effective for detecting trend changes. To confirm its practical usefulness, our method is applied to a deformation rate analysis for estimating crustal stresses, where changes in deformation rates of rocks in compression are made use of. The crustal stresses determined by the present statistical method are well consistent with those determined visually.


Under certain conditions, inlets with a Borda type geometry were shown to exhibit sufficiently strong separation effects to permit the working fluid to flow through the duct as if it were a free jet. Mass limiting flow data and associated pressure profiles for tubes of 14, 53, 64, 73, and 105 L/D with a Borda type inlet were taken to determine bounds of the free jet phenomena. For a given tube roughness, the limits appear to be one dimensional and dependent only on inlet stagnation conditions. For smooth tubes the upper L/D boundary is related by P sub R roughly equal to CT to the 17th power and sub R, C roughly equal to 00017 (L/D) to the 2.5 power where F sub R = P/P sub c is reduced pressure and T sub R = T/T sub c is reduced temperature. The lower bound appears to be saturation conditions at the inlet. Similar free jet effects were found for fluid hydrogen indicating that fluid jetting may be common to all fluids. While limited data on surface roughness show a decrease in the upper L/D limit, nevertheless fluid jetting still occurred.


It is extremely uncommon to be able to predict analytically, from first principles, the velocity profile of a turbulent flow. In two-dimensional flows, atmosphere dynamics, and plasma physics, large scale coherent jets are created through inverse energy transfers from small scales to the largest scales of the flow. We prove that in the limits of vanishing energy injection, vanishing friction, and small scale forcing, the velocity profile of a jet obeys a universal equation independent of the details of the forcing. We find an other universal relation for the maximal curvature of a jet and we give strong arguments to support the existence of an hydrodynamic instability at the point with minimal jet velocity. Those results are the first computations of Reynolds stresses from first principle in a genuine turbulent flow, and the first consistent analytic theory of zonal jets in barotropic turbulence.


SmartWire Connection Technology (SWCT) developed by Meyer Burger uses multiple thin copper wires with alloy coating to interconnect solar cells. These thin copper wires separate a 156 mm solar cell into unit cells, which typically have ~4 mm finger length instead of 26 mm as in the case of three busbar solar cells, thereby substantially reduce the requirement of finger line conductivity. Such a low requirement of finger conductivity has enabled diverse metallization schemes to be successfully applied to many cell designs to reduce silver consumption and to be integrated into modules easily. In this paper, we present the module integration results of silicon heterojunction solar cells using various metallization schemes developed within Meyer Burger group, including fine line silver screen printing down to 80 mg per 6 inch bifacial cell, inkjet direct silver printing down to 10 mg per 6 inch monofacial cell, inkjet masking and nickel/copper plating to finger thickness as low as 1 μm on 6 inch monofacial cell. We demonstrate the high durability of these modules with extensive thermal cycling tests.


The idea of controlling plant diseases by introducing curative chemicals into the plant goes back many years. All the early work, which has been reviewed by Muller (1926), was of an empirical nature and although claims were made from time to time that particular treatments were effective, no clear and reliable method ever became established for controlling a plant disease by internal therapy. Within the last few decades, however, such treatment for certain animal diseases with substances possessing antibacterial properties has given spectacular results. This success in the animal led to a renewed interest in the control of plant diseases by similar means, though it was of course recognized that the animal, with its circulating blood system capable of carrying chemicals rapidly to all tissues, is very different from the plant.


The paper deals with the main characteristics and procedures of Borislav Pekic's model of narration, which is defined as metaphysical and meta-fictional. Decrypting Pekic's codes asks for continuous research focused not only on the whole achievement that we find in narrative levels, but also looking towards a dynamic and changing structure that exists as a specific semantic absorptive function. Polysemy appears to be an indispensable characteristic of his palimpsest of mythological, historical, psychological and anthropological system of thought, ideas and knowledge, analytically refueling knowable and intuitive sense, the point of separation of circular and linear design sense and the text, and projected through the metaphor of the global history of the human species. A deconstructive treatment of the referential world opens a field for ontological destabilizations of the collective memory, activating the contextual underpinning as well. Search for the essence of humanity and the human mission within the universe resulting in seeing a myth as the essence of human history.


Effects of Fuel Alcohols on BTEX Plume Dynamics: An Assessment of Natural Attenuation Using RT3D with a General Substrate Interaction Module


Since the sixth national art exhibition, lacquer painting was incorporated into art exhibition. This is a milestone of painting style's development, which becomes a more important form of artistic expression in today's China Art Circle. But the lacquer painting is still very young, it is always a decoration attached to the traditional lacquer with a rare cognition. In recent years the study of it limiting to materials and techniques, this article will research development course of lacquer painting from the archaeological literature. Keywords—tradition; lacquer; shape; lacquer painting


Abstract 2-(0-Alkyl phosphonato)-l, 3, 2-dioxaborinanes, OCH2CH2CH2OBOP(O)(H)OEt, OCHMeCH2CH2OBOP(O) (H)OR (R=Et, Prn, Bun) and OcH2CMe2CH2OBOP(0)(H)OR (R=Prn, Bun), obtained by the reaction of 2-chloro-l, 3, 2-dioxaborinanes with sodium salts of O-alkyl phosphonic acids, are colourless, hydrolysable, monomeric, volatile liquids. These have been characterised by molecular weight, IR and multinuclear (1H, 13c, 11B and 31p) NMR spectral data which suggest the presence of monodentate phosphonato moieties and 3-coordinate boron atoms.


Primary ovarian leiomyoma is a rare benign tumour of the ovary, which is seen in women who are aged between 20 years to 65 years. Ovarian leiomyomas can be confused with other spindle cell tumours which display gross anatomical and histological similarities. A case of a primary leiomyoma of the ovary in a pre-menopausal female is being presented here, due to its huge size and unusual presentation.


Formation of tetralayer memory structure having nickel-germanide nanocrystals using a Ge/Ni multilayers is proposed. X-ray diffraction study shows the NiGe (002) phase formation after proper annealing. Cross sectional HRTEM clearly shows the sharpness and the size (~4-6 nm) of the stacked nanocrystals embedded in the oxide matrix. A large anti-clockwise hysteresis memory win- dow of 13.4 Volt at ± 15 Volt is observed for the optimized samples. This large memory window indicates for the MLC applications. Frequency independent C-V curve confirms about the charge storage in the nanocrystals. A good charge retention and endurance characteristics are exhibited upto 125 °C for the nonvolatile memory application.


Mari short stories of the 1950s early 1980s are considered in the context of the development of genres and styles of Russian literature. Main trends of style are revealed, and in accordance with them the typology of the short story genre is presented.


Heparanase (HSPE‐1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proangiogenic growth factors, play important roles in the metastatic biology of ovarian cancer. The aim of the present study was to test for association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HSPE‐1 and VEGF and outcome in ovarian cancer. A mutational analysis was performed on the coding sequence of the HSPE‐1 gene to define high‐frequency SNPs. HSPE‐1 polymorphisms, together with two SNPs in the VEGF gene, were studied in 136 patients with ovarian cancer. Patients were categorized into two groups, those with FIGO stages 1 and 2 (group 1) and those with stages 3 and 4 (group 2). We identified 10 polymorphisms in the HSPE‐1 gene, those in introns 2, 3 and 5b, and exons 8, 13a and 13b occurring at a minor allele frequency of ≥10%. There was an increase in frequency of those individuals with a genotype that carried at least one copy of the intron 2 (C), exon 8 (G), exon 13a (C) haplotype (CGC) in group 2. Specifically there were 24% with this haplotype in group 2 versus 5% in group 1 (P = 0.0184, odds ratio 5.986, 95% confidence interval 1.340–26.752). Most of this association was captured by the intron 2 genotype, where carriage of the C allele was associated with stage (P = 0.0148, odds ratio 6.524, 95% confidence interval 1.401–27.921). There was no association between VEGF SNPs and stage of disease. The CGC HSPE‐1 haplotype associates with stage in ovarian cancer. This haplotype may affect splicing of the HSPE‐1 gene, as in silico it alters the presence of a splicing motif. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 844–849)


This paper describes an approach to hardware/software design space exploration for reconfigurable processors. The existing compiler tool-chain, because of the user-definable instructions, needs to be extended in order to offer developers an easy way to explore the design space. Such extension often is not easy to use for developers who have only a software background, and are not familiar with reconfigurable architecture details or hardware design. Our approach differs from others because it is based on a simple extension of the standard programming model well known to software developers. We illustrate it by using a real case study, a software implementation of a UMTS turbo-decoder that achieves a 11× speed-up of the whole application, by exploiting user-defined instructions on the dynamically reconfigurable portion of the datapath.


The objective of the study is to find out the ability of the field extension officers to implement communicative extension teaching technique, knowledge of extension, extension score, and creative attitude. The study was conducted in Jambi Extension Center (2019) with 90 respondents randomly selected. The study shows that there are positive correlations between: 1) knowledge of extension and the ability of the field extension officers to implement communicative extension teaching technique; 2) extension score and the ability of the field extension officers to implement communicative extension teaching technique; 3) creative attitude and the ability of the field extension officers to implement communicative extension teaching technique. In addition, there is a positive correlation between knowledge of extension, extension score and creative attitude & the ability of the field extension officers to implement communicative extension teaching technique Thus, the ability of the field extension officers to implement communicative extension teaching technique can be enhanced by increasing knowledge of extension, extension score, and creative attitude.


The purpose of this study is to create, test and document a procedure to integrate mathematical optimization algorithms with COSMIC NASTRAN. This procedure is very important to structural design engineers who wish to capitalize on optimization methods to ensure that their design is optimized for its intended application. The OPTNAST computer program was created to link NASTRAN and design optimization codes into one package. This implementation was tested using two truss structure models and optimizing their designs for minimum weight, subject to multiple loading conditions and displacement and stress constraints. However, the process is generalized so that an engineer could design other types of elements by adding to or modifying some parts of the code.


According to the literature reports of both the sensory loss of individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and of the importance of family interrelationships in the management of this pathology, there is a demand to evaluate the sensory perception of relatives of individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate sweet taste perception of diabetic individuals and their relatives. Methods: For this purpose, a sample of 150 volunteers was invited to participate, which was composed by individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 59 years, equally divided into three groups, constituted with 50 volunteers each: non-diabetic individuals, diabetic individuals and relatives. Furthermore, the glucose concentration of all participants was determined by capillary glycemia, and the diabetic participants were referred to a third-party laboratory to perform the glycated hemoglobin test using the immunoturbidimetric. Moreover, a questionnaire of personal and socio-demographic information was applied to diabetic participants and the sensory perception was evaluated through the test for sweet taste sensitivity. Results: The glycemic levels of the diabetic participants given by the Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) test revealed that the results had a mean of 7.92 + 1.89%, equivalent to 180.60 + 54.52 mg/dL. The threshold was 3.34 g/L for diabetic participants, 2.60 g/L for relatives, and 1.92 g/L for the control group. Conclusions: Therefore, the present study demonstrated that the threshold index for sweet taste perception is higher in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and their relatives when compared to the control group.


Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE)) copolymer thin films with a molar ratio of 75/25 have been studied to investigate their ferroelectricity. P(VDF-TrFE) solutions of 3, 7 and 10 wt% were fabricated on Si(100) substrates by using a spin-coating method. In order to achieve crystallization, we annealed the deposited films at 150 ◦C for one and half hours without any addional treatments, such as a heat-treatment, poling, or mechanical drawing. The thicknesses of the deposited films were 60, 170 and 400 nm for the 3, 7 and 10 wt% solutions, respectively. Hysteretic characteristics were observed in the capacitance-voltage (C-V) curves for Au/P(VDFTrFE)/Si diodes and may be considered to be due to the ferroelectric nature of the P(VDF-TrFE) films. The memory window width was measured at a low voltage below 1 V for a film coated with a 3 wt% solution. The memory window widths in this metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor (MFS) fabricated with 3, 7 and 10 wt% P(VDF-TrFE) solutions were about 1.2, 2.7 and 3.6 V for a bias sweep from –5 V to 5 V, respectively.


Measuring the propagation of perturbations across the human brain and their transmission delays is critical for network neuroscience, but it is a challenging problem that still requires cross-validation approaches. Here, we compare results from a recently introduced, non-invasive technique of functional delays estimation from source-reconstructed electro/magnetoencephalography, to the corresponding findings from a large dataset of cortico-cortical evoked potentials estimated from intracerebral stimulations of epileptic pharmaco-resistant patients. The two methods yield significantly similar probabilistic connectivity maps and signal propagation delays. This similarity suggests a correspondence between the mechanisms underpinning the propagation of spontaneously generated scale-free perturbations (i.e. neuronal avalanches observed in resting state activity studied using magnetoencephalography) and the spreading of cortico-cortical evoked potentials. This manuscript provides evidence for the accuracy of a subject-specific estimate of functional delays obtained non-invasively from reconstructed sources. Conversely, our findings show that estimates obtained from externally-induced perturbations capture physiological activities. In conclusion, this manuscript constitutes a cross-validation between two different modalities. Importantly, the capability to measure delays non-invasively (as per MEG) paves the way for the inclusion of functional delays in personalized large-scale brain models as well as in diagnostic and prognostic algorithms.


An AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well MISFET developed for power operation at millimeter-wave frequencies is described. The InGaAs channel is heavily doped to increase the sheet carrier density, resulting in a maximum current density of 700 mA/mm with a transconductance of 480 mS/mm. The 0.25- mu m*50- mu m device delivers a power density of 0.76 W/mm with 3.6-dB gain and 19% power-added efficiency at 60 GHz. At 5.2 dB gain, the power density is 0.55 W/mm. A similar device built on an undoped InGaAs channel had much poorer power performance and no speed advantage.<<ETX>>


Most research in evidence–based entrepreneurship builds on quantitative designs, which is unfortunate because qualitative studies provide a unique contribution to the domain of entrepreneurship. They look at distinctive phenomena in their specific time period and context in one way or another, and can help generate and test new theories. We, therefore, suggest using a systematic synthesis of case studies to aggregate the findings of qualitative research. Moreover, as a first step, we developed an example to demonstrate how this approach can advance evidence–based entrepreneurship. Specifically, we synthesized 13 cases to examine how business clusters increase the performance of firms within clusters.


T he article by Drs. Ivanir and Trobe (1) is an excellent example of the type of clinical research which has resulted in so many important contributions to neuroophthalmology, i.e., careful observation of clinical signs over an extended period, followed by hypothesis development and assessment using one's clinical database. Although the potential pitfalls of missing or nonstandardized data, and lack of ability to control for various confounders can never be eliminated, such retrospective analyses still often provide many useful clinical pearls. What are the main conclusions of this report, and are they consistent with what we already know about fourth nerve palsies?


fragmented and largely commercial in nature need to take account of (or address) the phenomenon" (275). If Biersteker brings a new sophistication and caution to analyses of Nigerian (and African) political economy, he fails to treat the related gender and informal aspects of the petro-naira era. How did various women's and assorted black market activities survive successive political and fiscal regimes? Unhappily this volume really ends before the current period of structural adjustment—devaluation and deregulation (281)—in which state capital is to be weakened to strengthen national and international interests. But the constraints on state interests were already apparent before the debt and conditionality syndrome encouraged by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund: "local and foreign capital have prevailed" (279).


With high-resolution data of OFES,we study on spatial and temporal characteristics of the SCS western boundary current by analyzing the velocity profile and calculating the volume transport of a few more representative cross-sections along Vietnam and Hainan Island.The seasonal variation of the SCS western boundary current is significant.It flows northward in summer and southward in winter.The volume transport of the SCS western boundary current is greater in winter than in summer.It is 7.4±7.0Sv along Vietnam Peninsula while 0.57±0.5Sv along Hainan Island and 4.8±1.9Sv east of 112.0°E.The SCS western boundary current flows eastward when it arrives the southeast of the Vietnam Peninsula.With the prevalence of the summer monsoon,the velocity of the offshore flow is larger and the spindle of the offshore flow swings from 10.0°N to 14.0°N.Besides,the offshore flow has a significant effect on the western boundary currents.


New view of Remarque's novels as a chronicle of the century yet more than a mere reflection of historical events.


We present a kinematic analysis of the dust-lane elliptical NGC 5626 based on MUSE observations. These data allow us to robustly classify this galaxy as a fast rotator and to infer a virial mass of 10(11.7) M-circle dot, making it one of the most massive fast rotators known. In addition, the depth and extent of the MUSE data reveal a strong kinematic twist in the stellar velocity field ( by up to 45 degrees beyond 1.5R(e)). A comparison with the ATLAS(3D) sample underlines the rareness of this system, although we show that such a large-scale kinematic twist could have been missed by the ATLAS(3D) data due to the limited spatial sampling of this survey ( typically extending to 0.6R(e) for massive early-type galaxies). MUSE thus has the potential to unveil more examples of this type of galaxies. We discuss the environment and possible formation history of NGC 5626 and finally argue how a merger between the MilkyWay and Andromeda could produce a galaxy of the same class as NGC 5626.


Objective Mathematical method is applied to simulate and to give visualized description of the spatial uniform magnetic fields generated by the Helmholtz coils designed according to our experiment requirement. Methods Mathematical model of any point in the space within the magnetic field was established in cylindrical coordinates using MATLAB, and numerical method was applied to complete the visual simulation of uniform magnetic fields within Helmholtz coils generated by the pulsed electromagnetic fields device developed in our lab. Results Verification results show that the axial magnetic field Bz within the coils distributed in the cylinder of 0.015 m ≤ z≤ 0.045 m axis length, 0.03 m ≤ y ≤ 0.03 m of radium, and the strength of the magnetic fields was 0.006T. Conclusion The spatial magnetic fields region designed can meet the requirements of cell culture by providing required strength and spatial uniform area of the magnetic fields. The visualization of magnetic fields distribution can provide guidance for the up-coming cell culture experiment on the placing of wellplate and to effectively avoid experiment result differences caused by the non-uniformlty of the magnetic fields.

Key words:
Uniform magnetic fields;  Helmholtz coils;  Mathematical simulation;  MATLAB


Publisher's copyright statement: This is a pre-copy-editing author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in French studies following peer review. The de nitive publisher-authenticated version, Banks, Kathryn (2008) 'Opposites and identities: Maurice Sc eve's 'D elie' and Charles de Bovelles's 'Ars Oppositorum'.', French studies., 62(4): 389-403 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/knn070


Pathogenicity tests with Calocera viscosa. C. viscosa grew from wood blocks through wounds into living roots (wounded) of Pseudotsuga menziesii at growth rates comparable to Phaeolus schweinitzii and Sparassis crispa.


word count: 227 Abstract The utility of routine chimerism analysis as a prognostic indicator of subsequent outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with myeloablative conditioning regimens remains controversial. To address this controversy, routine chimerism test results at 2 – 6 months after HCT with myeloablative conditioning regimens were evaluated for association with subsequent risks of chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD), non-relapse mortality (NRM), relapse and overall mortality. Only 70 (5%) of 1304 patients had <95% donor-derived cells in the marrow. Low donor chimerism in the marrow occurred predominantly among patients with low risk disease as compared to higher risk diseases and was significantly associated with a reduced risk of chronic GVHD. Among 673 patients tested, 164 (24%) had <85% donor-derived T cells in the blood. Low donor T cell chimerism occurred predominantly among patients with low risk disease as compared to higher risk diseases, among those who had conditioning with busulfan as compared to TBI, and among those with lower grades of acute GVHD. Low donor T cell chimerism in the blood was significantly associated with a reduced risk of chronic GVHD, but not with the risks of relapse, NRM or overall mortality. Routine testing of chimerism in the marrow and blood at 2 – 6 months after HCT with myeloablative conditioning regimens may be helpful in documenting engraftment in clinical trials but provides only limited prognostic information in clinical practice.


Eight cows in mid-lactation were used to determine the effects of feeding diets containing soybeans (SBS) or sunflower seed (SFS) on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) yield and concentration in milk during two 3-wk periods. All cows were fed a standard pre-trial diet for 2 wk, before assignment to treatment diets in both periods of the 2 × 2 cross-over design used in the study. The two treatment diets contained on a dry matter (DM) basis: (1) SBS: 20% barley silage, 34.7% barley grain, 30% alfalfa cube, 13% crushed soybean seed and 0.36% sunflower oil, and (2) SFS: 17% barley silage, 34.6% barley grain, 40% sunflower seed incorporated into alfalfa cubes (cubes comprised 18% whole sunflower seed and 82% alfalfa hay), and 6.5% heat-treated soybean meal. The ingredients in the two diets were adjusted so that they would provide similar levels of energy (1.5 MCal kg-1) and have similar nutrient composition with regard to protein (16.7%), ether extract (5.2%) and fibre components (41%). Milk samples were collected...


The design of long road tunnels relies on a number of factors such as: an assessment of the surrounding ground conditions; safety under prevailing or emergency conditions; and, nature and volume of traffic. The choice of ventilation system, and its operating costs, relies on an assessment of complex factors such as traffic volume, speed of flow and level of pollutants. An analysis discusses the problems associated with designing such systems and examples presented from worldwide tunnel layouts suggest appropriate solutions. (TRRL)


Coastal town populations in the UK are under-researched dimensions of broader conceptual debates and fields of work on social segregation, deprivation and divided communities. This paper argues that housing in multiple occupation (HMO) is a key factor in the concentration of deprived social groups and reproduction of socioeconomic decline in some coastal towns. To investigate the scale of, and links between, HMO-dominated coastal neighbourhoods and deprivation, the paper provides the first national-level empirical analyses of HMO and housing benefit claimants in private rented housing. More specifically, the social and economic consequences of HMO in coastal towns are explored using the case study of Central St Leonards, Hastings, on the south-east coast of England. This serves to demonstrate the processes leading to: spatial concentrations of deprived, unrelated, multi-person households; high population transience and density; downgraded residential environments; and fragile community cohesion. It is asserted that understanding the restructuring of coastal population structures, social relations and housing markets is instrumental for furthering debates of social segregation and divided societies, particularly in light of changing national welfare and housing benefit policies.


Determination of blood volumes revealed hypervolemia in all of the four patients with macroglobulinemia and in nine of 11 with myeloma. The red blood cell (RBC) mass was normal in all patients with macroglobulinemia, but an increased plasma volume reduced the hematocrit reading to cause dilution anemia. In most patients with myeloma, the RBC mass was moderately reduced, but hypervolemia associated with an increased plasma volume also decreased the hematocrit value. These data indicate that determining blood volumes can often aid in prescribing therapy for these patients. In some patients the results may indicate treatment with plasmapheresis, rather than with transfusions.


In order to enrich the cognitive ability of artificial fish in virtual marine environment,this paper proposes a memory-based cognitive model of artificial fish according to the biological principle and memory mechanism of natural fish.Information is transferred and stored during the three stages: ultra short-term memory(USTM),short-term memory(STM) and long-term memory(LTM).Artificial fish uses the focuser to extract the interested sensory information,and uses the decision-maker and STM to select behaviors and stores the experience knowledge to LTM which is called by STM to optimize current decision-making.Animation results show that artificial fish with this model can have memory-directed behaviors and display more vivid and intelligent life properties.


This study examined the relationship between of organizational justice encompassed by three components:(distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) and job satisfaction, and employees' perceptionsof workplace justice. The study investigated the relationship of these justice measures in the Jordanianenvironment. The data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires among 229 employees of numberElectrical Industrial Companies selected through a stratified random sampling.The study findings show that only one significant relationship exists between the age of respondents and theirperceptions of organizational justice. The findings also suggested that this was positive associationorganizational justice and job satisfaction. Employee job satisfaction depends upon the organizational justice ofmanagers. Nevertheless, in measuring the three dimensions of organizational justice, the current study usedsurvey items that asked employees to respond to items that asked whether something is generally fair.Finally, although this study was conducted in Jordan, it is anticipated that the findings may have relevance on abroader scale. By replicating this study in different countries and contexts the results could be very helpful fordeveloping a new model of organizational justice with new implementation techniques that can be implementedeasily and successfully.


To the Editor, Nearly two decades ago, it was recognised that in complex clinical cases, and in complex health organisations, noonepersonhas the capability todeliverhigh-quality care by acting alone. The paradigm of an 'inter-professional approach' in patient-centred care has thus emerged in recognition of the synergistic roles that discipline specialists bring to decision-making and care provision. Exploration of collaboration in pharmacist–physician pairs in primary care has demonstrated that in successful collaborative work relationships, there was mutual recognition and acknowledgement of pharmacists as the collaborative relationship initiators, making high-quality contributions, and physicians as the decision makers. In our multi-specialty wards of acute care hospital setting, introducing the model of pharmacist-initiated information provision linked to doctor's decision making has its unique challenges. The inter-professional communication involved in patient-centred care is complex, owing to the diversity of patient populations and healthcare providers working on any given ward. Synchronous inter-professional communication, i.e. multi-professional team members engaging in discussion of individual patient's clinical issues within the same tight time frame ofmedical ward rounds, typically through oral communications, is particularly problematic. This difficulty arises from the time overlap of ward rounds of the multiple medical specialties as well as the profession378 Letters to the Editor


This paper discusses the necessity on the control of cataloguing quality in small and medium-sized libraries,analyzes the elements of affecting the cataloguing quality and puts forward some countermeasures.


Considering the geological condition and the construction practice of the expressway,the main factor which influences the earthiness and rock slope stability of expressway in the Chongqing area has been analysed.Taking a large number of expressway slopes in Chongqing as examples,the method of artificial neural network is studied and used in prediction.Research result indicates,all kinds of slope stability prediction models built by artificial neural network technology have very good adaptability and high precision,so it is feasible to predict the slope stability of the expressway in Chongqing using this method.


Dialogue disentanglement aims to group utterances in a long and multi-participant dialogue into threads. This is useful for discourse analysis and downstream applications such as dialogue response selection, where it can be the first step to construct a clean context/response set. Unfortunately, labeling all reply-to links takes quadratic effort w.r.t the number of utterances: an annotator must check all preceding utterances to identify the one to which the current utterance is a reply. In this paper, we are the first to propose a zero-shot dialogue disentanglement solution. Firstly, we train a model on a multi-participant response selection dataset harvested from the web which is not annotated; we then apply the trained model to perform zero-shot dialogue disentanglement. Without any labeled data, our model can achieve a cluster F1 score of 25. We also fine-tune the model using various amounts of labeled data. Experiments show that with only 10% of the data, we achieve nearly the same performance of using the full dataset.


An electric circuit analog is proposed for blood outflow from a skin capillary when static pressure higher than the highest blood pressure of the artery is applied to the capillary. The proposed electric circuit analog consists of a capacitor and a variable resistor. The resistance of the variable resistor changes depending on the charge stored in the capacitor, which models the increase in blood flow resistance due to less blood in the capillary. In order to evaluate the electric circuit analog, the analytical solution is compared with in vivo data. In vivo data are measured using an inherent optical sensor, which consists of a light-emitting diode and a photodetector mounted on a mechanical actuator that applies static pressure to the skin surface. The change of the received light during pressurization is recorded. A parameter that is related to blood concentration is estimated from the Lambert–Beer law. In vivo data are measured for fingertips of 30 healthy volunteers, and the square errors of the fitting curves derived using an exponential function model, third-order function model, and the proposed electric circuit analog are compared. It is shown that the proposed electric circuit analog gives the best approximation among the three models. This result confirms that the blood outflow from the capillary under forced pressure can be evaluated using the proposed model.


In this paper, we present a system for reading printed documents, which can be used by the visually disabled. Our system uses speech to transmit printed information to users. To cope with the slowness of the information transmission speed caused by the one-dimensionality of speech, the logical structure of the scanned documents is extracted and used to accelerate the access to the information. A tree-traversing command is provided for navigating through the logical tree generated by the system.


This paper presents the simulative performance of optical CDMA system incorporated with subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) technique. The system is designed based on the Recursive Combinatorial (RC) code in the Spectral amplitude coding (SAC) - OCDMA. SAC-OCDMA approaches is capable to reduce the effect of Multiple Access Interference (MAI) using code sequences with fixed in-phase cross correlation. The performance of this hybrid system is shown through simulative experiment results of bit error rate (BER) and eye patterns for various numbers of subcarrier channels and frequencies. The simulation is done using Optisys version 7.0. The simulation results shows decreasing the number of weight will produce better performance compared to increasing the number of weight. Increasing the number of weight will increase the spectral chips and makes the system more sensitive to the noise. For the weight = 3, the transmission distance is up to 9.5 km.