Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at Neitinggong acupoint on the gentamycin-induced deafness.Methods 20 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of five.Gentamycin group received an intraperitoneal injection of gentamycin every morning in a dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days.Neitinggong group and Tinggong group received intraperitoneal injection of gentamycin as the same as the Gentamycin group,and were given acupuncture at Neitinggong or Tinggong separately once every two days from the first day of injection for a total of 10 times.Control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline of the same volume of gentamycin every morning without other interventions.Auditory brainstem response(ABR) examination was performed in all animals at day one,the 14 th day and the 20 th day to analyze their ABR thresholds.Results The ABR threshold of Gentamycin group was significantly higher than those of the Neitinggong group,the Tinggong group and the control group separately.The difference of ABR threshold between the Neitinggong group and the Tinggong group was statistically insignificant.Conclusions Acupuncture at Neitinggong and Tinggong acupoints can decrease the auditory brainstem response threshold and therefore reduce gentamycin-induced ototoxicity to some extent,which indicates that the Neitinggong acupoint may be an effective acupoint for treatment of gentamycin-induced deafness.


The paper considers the defect formation in solids due to ionization of inner shells of atoms (ions) located at neighboring lattice sites with the subsequent Coulomb expulsion of atoms from their sites. This mechanism is effective only for high-energy bombarding ions. The effectiveness of the mechanism is analyzed versus target properties and parameters of bombarding ions. The authors demonstrate that in some cases more defects can be generated by this mechanism than through the elastic slowing down of high-energy ions. The distribution of primary displacement defects caused by elastic and nonelastic slowing down over the projected range is numerically calculated. The calculations correlate with the published data on the distribution of point defects in diamond and boron nitride bombarded with high-energy ions (E=1-8 MeV/a.m.u.). 20 refs., 4 figs.


This study was designed to (1) determine the relationship between the sediment concentrations of eight total metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn) and five simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) with 11 benthic metrics based on a three-year data set including two seasons per year for an agricultural water body (Cache Slough, California), and (2) rank the importance of individual metals within a metal mixture as potential stressors to resident benthic communities. The total arsenic, lead, and cadmium showed the highest number of statistically significant and ecologically meaningful relationships with benthic metrics. The total copper, nickel, zinc, chromium, and mercury were not reported to show any statistically significant and ecologically meaningful relationships with any of the benthic metrics. There were also no statistically significant and ecologically meaningful relationships between the benthic metrics and the simultaneously extracted (bioavailable) metals. Both stress tolerant and stress sensitive benthic metrics were reported to have the best discriminatory power for detecting the adverse effects from metals. Mixed agreement results were reported when comparing statistically significant and ecologically meaningful benthic metric relationships with the threshold effect level (TEL) exceedances for the various metals.


Based on promising results in older adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we treated patients with NPM1mut measurable residual disease (MRD) using off‐label venetoclax in combination with low‐dose cytarabine or azacitidine. Twelve consecutive patients were retrospectively identified, including five with molecular persistence and seven with molecular relapse/progression. All patients with molecular persistence achieved durable molecular complete remission (CRMRD‐) without transplantation. Six of seven patients with molecular relapse/progression achieved CRMRD‐ after 1–2 cycles of venetoclax. This paper highlights the promising efficacy of venetoclax‐based therapy to reduce the relapse risk in patients with persistent or rising NPM1mut MRD.


Background Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) surveillance in the adult intensive care unit (ICU) in King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital showed a higher CLABSI rate during the first quarter of 2018. CLABSI is associated with a significant increase in morbidity, mortality, length of hospitalization, and the cost of healthcare. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted improvement project aiming to reduce the rate of CLABSI. Methods This was an interventional surveillance study. A Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) quality improvement approach was used. The intervention was initiated in March 2018. It focused on the following aspects: standardizing the central line (CL) maintenance practices, creating a designated cart for CL insertion and maintenance, increasing compliance with aseptic techniques and CL insertion and maintenance bundles, educating the healthcare workers and patients on CLABSI prevention, environmental cleaning and disinfections, and instantaneous feedback to the stakeholders about CLABSI events. The intervention engaged multiple partners including infection control, nurses, and physicians. Surveillance methods and CLABSI definition was done according the US National Healthcare Safety Network. Results During 2018, a total of ten CLABSI events were detected during 2919 central-line days. They included four, four, two, and no events in the first, second, third, and fourth quarters, respectively. After intervention, the rate significantly decreased from 5.2 per 1000 central line-days during the second quarter of 2018, to 3.9 during the third quarter of 2018, and zero during the fourth quarter of 2018 (Mantel-Haenszel chi-square p value of 0.034). Conclusion A multidisciplinary multifaceted improvement project using quality improvement tools to enforce the evidence-based preventive practices has been successful in reducing the CLABSI rate. The implementation of the improvement project needs to be continued to maintain zero or low CLABSI rates.


The goal of this work was to investigate the role of primate MT neurons in solving the structure from motion (SFM) problem. Three types of receptive field (RF) surrounds found in area MT neurons (K.Tanaka et al., 1986; Allman et al., 1985) correspond, as our analysis suggests, to the 0th, 1st and 2nd order fuzzy space-differential operators. The large surround/center radius ratio (≥ 7) allows both differentiation of smooth velocity fields and discontinuity detection at boundaries of objects. The model is in agreement with recent psychophysical data on surface interpolation involvement in SFM. We suggest that area MT partially segregates information about object shape from information about spatial relations necessary for navigation and manipulation.


Safety plays a vital role in today's life therefore it is important to implement a secure, reliable and speedy safety system which response rapidly to avoid any accident before it occurs. The purpose of this work is to design an economical and effective alarming system which detects the leakage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas in the vicinity where it is put into service. The proposed system is designed and implemented to meet the health and safety standards for the gas bank of Hotel Management Department of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Port Blair, Andaman& Nicobar Islands. The proposed system is tested and the results are verified by producing an early warning signal under the less severe condition and activate a high pitched alarm during the leakage of LPG and provide a safeguard to the users.


The authors have examined the usefulness of the Dagens, Rasolt and Taylor (DRT) interionic potential (1975) for calculating disorder and defect properties in Al from the point of view of a molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation. The problem was complicated by the strong long-range oscillations present in the Al potential and careful attention was paid to this detail. The authors confirmed that the low-temperature phonons generated by the MD program agreed very well with the quasi-harmonic phonons of DRT and then proceeded to generate the high-temperature phonons. They also calculated the liquid structure factor obtaining satisfactory agreement with experiment. They found, not too surprisingly, that the calculated vacancy formation energy for Al was much smaller than experiment by about 0.5 eV. However they noted that if one allows for re-screening effects in the vicinity of the vacancy a subtle three-body force comes into play which, on a crude argument, accounts for this difference.


Fatal diseases, as Critical Health Episodes (CHEs), represent real dangers for patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units. These episodes can lead to irreversible organ damage and death. Nevertheless, diagnosing them in time would greatly reduce their inconvenience. This study therefore focused on building a highly effective early warning system for CHEs such as Acute Hypotensive Episodes and Tachycardia Episodes. To facilitate the precocity of the prediction, a gap of one hour was considered between the observation periods (Observation Windows) and the periods during which a critical event can occur (Target Windows). The MIMIC II dataset was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. This system first includes extracting additional features using three different modes. Then, the feature selection process allowing the selection of the most relevant features was performed using the Mutual Information Gain feature importance. Finally, the high-performance predictive model LightGBM was used to perform episode classification. This approach called MIG-LightGBM was evaluated using five different metrics: Event Recall (ER), Reduced Precision (RP), average Anticipation Time (aveAT), average False Alarms (aveFA), and Event F1-score (EF1-score). A method is therefore considered highly efficient for the early prediction of CHEs if it exhibits not only a large aveAT but also a large EF1-score and a low aveFA. Compared to systems using Extreme Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Classification or Naive Bayes as a predictive model, the proposed system was found to be highly dominant. It also confirmed its superiority over the Layered Learning approach.


The ultimate purpose of history is the glory of God through the demonstration that He alone is the sovereign God. During this dispensation God exercises His sovereign rule in the church through the headship of Christ (Eph. 1:22-23). It follows that the headship of Christ needs to be one of the primary objectives of the church (Eph. 1:9-10; 5:22-24). God's glory and grace is magnified in the church when it submits to its Head.


In investigating linear mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) of the central United States, Parker and Johnson (2000; hereafter PJ00) found that a common mode of MCS organization comprises a convective line with leading stratiform precipitation (hereafter called an LS MCS). Although PJ00 showed that some LS MCSs are sustained by rear inflow (for more information see Pettet and Johnson 2001), the LS systems that they studied experienced, on average, front–to–rear lower tropospheric winds (i.e., the MCSs were front–fed). This mean structure implies that, for some LS MCSs, inflow must pass through a region of pre–line precipitation before entering the convective towers. We are currently performing idealized numerical simulations of front–fed LS MCSs. From our prior and ongoing work, we wish to discover: 1) whether an idealized front–fed LS MCS can be long–lived in a numerical model,2) whether long–lived front–fed LS MCSs can be simulated in two dimensions (2–D), 3 mesoscale flow fields that are consistent with both the observations of PJ00 and simulated front–fed LS MCSs, and 4) to what environmental fields simulated front–fed LS MCSs are most sensitive. In this paper, we present results from some preliminary work in which we simulated LS MCSs in 2–D, and we elaborate on a possible quasi– stable structure for them.


The novel tetranuclear planar cluster [Ru4(CO)7(µ-CO)2(η2,η5,η2-indenyl)(η5-dihydroindenyl)] was prepared by the reaction of indene with Ru3(CO)12 and its structure determined by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study.


Controlling raw material stocks is a crucial aspect of effective inventory management for businesses. The company's objective is to maximise profits. To maximise earnings, the corporation must prudently maintain appropriate inventory levels in order to limit existing inventory expenses. Kerupuk Kulit Alhamdulillah is a small to medium-sized business in the food industry that manufactures skin crackers in various packaging sizes. This is an example of applied research. This study employs the Lilliefors normality test to assess if the data are normally distributed. According to the findings of calculations using the method Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), the entire cost of multi-item raw material inventory according to the Kerupuk Kulit Alhamdulillah is Rp 4,703,520.00, however according to the EOQ method, the total cost is Rp 2,093.00. Kerupuk Kulit Alhamdulillah Business can save Rp 2,694,427.00 by utilising the EOQ approach.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and stent implantation in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods in our hospital,31 cases of malignant obstructive jaundice patients,in the digital subtraction angiography(DSA) guided,percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and stent implantation,and to improve the situation of liver and jaundice contrast before and after operation.Results among the 31 cases,19 cases of stent placement(23),11 cases of simple external drainage.The operation was successful in 30 cases(96.8%),1 cases failed.1 cases of pneumothorax,2cases of bileperitonitis,2 cases of biliary tract bleeding,complication rate 16.7%.Serum total bilirubin after operation were significantly decreased.The difference has statistical significance before and after operation(P 0.05).Conclusion percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and stenting,surgical treatment is safe in the process ofmalignant obstructive jaundice,and and the curative effect is reliable.


A close linguistic analysis of media discourse might provoke and provide useful information regarding the power of media itself and the way people construct meanings. The present study seeks to explore how social problems are reflected in media texts. The representation of social problems—crime, poverty, migrant crisis, as well as minority groups—contains linguistic elements which are aimed at constructing certain images of these issues. Figurative linguistic elements are used to enhance the reliability of the story, to appeal to the readers' emotions, and to manage the story and the sequence of the events which are being represented. A proper use of language in the representations social problems could be considered as an effective tool to keep readers interested in the story and transform it into one that is engaging and reliable at the same time.


INTRODUCTION: The oral route is the route most often used for administration of drugs. Tablets are the most popular oral formulations available in the market and are preferred by patients and physicians. In long-term therapy for the treatment of chronic disease conditions, conventional formulations are required to be administered in multiple doses and therefore have several disadvantages (1). Controlled drug delivery technology is fast growing because of its many potential advantages like minimum fluctuations in plasma drug concentration and a reduced frequency of dosing when compared to the conventional dosage forms. Many newer technologies are also emerging for designing controlling drug delivery systems with improved efficiency and embedment (2) is one such novel technique. Lamivudine (Figure.1) is a potential antiHIV agent, used for the long term treatment of HIV-1 infection as well Extending or controlling the release of highly water soluble drugs from matrix tablets is always a challenge. The research attempt was aimed to explore the embedment technique for the development of controlled release (CR) matrix tablets of highly water soluble drug i.e., lamivudine. Lamivudine controlled release matrix tablets were developed to prolong drug release time and prepared by embedment technique by employing anacardium occidentale tree gum, Moringa oleifera tree gum and delonix regia seed endosperm gum in different ratios as drug release-retarding polymers. Lamivudine granules were prepared and evaluated for the angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and hausner's ratio. All the formulations showed good flow properties. The compressed tablets were evaluated for the hardness, uniformity of weight, friability, tensile strength, swelling index, wetting time, drug content and In-vitro dissolution studies. All the formulations were in compliance with pharmacopeial standards. Through FTIR & DSC studies, it was confirmed that there was no interaction between drug, polymer and other excipients. Among all the formulations LET10 showed prolong release when compare to the other formulations. The drug release kinetics followed zero order. The diffusion exponent (n) values are found to be more than 0.9 (n>0.9) which indicated that the drug release was predominantly controlled by super case II transport system.


Many employers assess their workforces with gendered and racialized imagery that can put groups of workers and applicants at a disadvantage in the labor market. Based on 78 interviews with white employers in Atlanta, the author reveals that some employers use a complex but widely shared stereo-type of Black working-class women as single mothers to typify members of this group. These employers use this single-mother image to explain why they think Black women are poor workers, why they think Black women are reliable workers, and why they think Blacks are poorly prepared for the labor market. In focusing on these white employers' claims, the author concentrates not on the well-documented out-comes of labor market discrimination, such as differential rates of pay and promotion, but on how employers construct and use the images that may from the basis of it. This is especially relevant amid current attacks on affirmative action programs.


The Assembly provides a forum in which teachers, teachers and students analyze and discuss all kinds of issues related to coexistence and school work. Its structure and operation are particularly suitable for the pupils and students to learn a model of democratic participation.
The organization of the school and classroom has to provide a rich medium of interpersonal relationships that enhance communication and productive exchanges between partners (of both sexes, from different cultures, ethnicities, abilities, etc.). It is in these exchanges of ideas, these mutual aid and through collaborative work, where all students, with the guidance and support of the teacher / a- learn to confront points of view, to be more critical and tolerant and accept differences.
In this paper we reflect on: What in the daily management of the classroom manifest / the characteristics of democratic education are evident?
In the analysis of several sessions we have followed the itinerary of a group of children / as and that teacher to interpret: How the classroom is organized? Why they do it? How to plan learning tasks? Why they work for projects ?. ...... How come? How we reach agreements? As for the relationship between teacher and students, we look at: How the environment and interactions facilitate the construction of knowledge in the educational reality?


LU Xun has made great contributions to children's literature which will permanently be recorded in annals,by translating and introducing foreign children's literature, taking pains to depict children's images and advocating to construct new children's literature.


In humans, intense sound evokes ipsilateral myogenic potentials in the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) with a short latency positive-negative (p13-n23) waveform. This sound-evoked vestibulocollic reflex is termed the vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). In the present study, the technical and diagnostic pitfalls of the VEMP are introduced.An electromyograph (EMG) is used to record signals from a pair of surface electrodes mounted on the upper-half (active electrode) and the sternal head (reference electrode) of the SCM. The positions of the electrodes influence the p13-n23 amplitude and the VEMP waveform. Head rotation around the yaw axis brings the proximal end of the unilateral SCM muscle close to the distal end, making the outline of the SCM muscle more visible on the body surface. This rotation is useful for the precise positioning of the electrodes.The muscle background activity during the test influences the p13-n23 amplitude of the VEMP. Subjects are instructed to rotate their heads around the yaw axis contralateral to the sound stimulation so as to contract their unilateral SCM muscles. During the VEMP test, the background EMG activity of the tested SCM is continuously monitored, and the peak-to-peak amplitude in the interference pattern of the background EMG should be maintained at more than 200 μV. When the attenuation of the amplitude in the interference pattern begins, the subjects should be instructed to rotate their heads once again so as to recover tonic contraction.The muscle background activity during the test is electromyographically estimated based on the integral value of the rectified EMG activity level for 20 milliseconds preceding the stimulus onset. When the integral value of the rectified EMG activity is less than 1000 μV×ms, the background EMG activity of the tested SCM is objectively evaluated as being too low to induce the evoked response.To correct the amplitude according to the muscle background activity, the p13-n23 amplitude is divided by the integral value of the rectified EMG activity level. This correction is important for the test-retest reproductivity of the VEMP amplitude. To diagnose a right-left asymmetry in the VEMP amplitude, the clinical use of the corrected amplitude is recommended.


A nonlinear adaptive observer is designer based on function approximation for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unmeasured states. The nonlinearities are not restricted to output nonlinearities. To guarantee the boundedness of the parameter estimate error, we use the projection algorithm in the adaptive law. Based on this observer, observer backstepping method is used to design controller. Nonlinear damping terms are used to counteract the destabilizing effect of the parameter estimation errors and observation estimation errors. The overall adaptive scheme is shown to be guaranteed semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness.


This book is concerned with the concept of accountability for all goods used in an industrialized society. This includes basic materials, e.g. metals; production materials, e.g. glass and plastic; waste materials, e.g. sulphur, carbon, nuclear substances and other pollutants. The problem is to account carefully for these materials during their use to see where they are accumulated or disposed and in what quantities with a view to taking a significant step towards complete recycling. This book develops the mathematical theory of material accountability and its verification in a unified way, gives a detailed example of its application in nuclear materials and shows how it can be applied to other situations.


The invention relates to a concentrated feed for barren sows, and per 1,000 parts by weigh of the concentrated feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 490 to 510 parts of puffed bean pulps, 240 to 260 parts of puffed soybeans, 70 to 90 parts of fish meals, 3 to 5 parts of microbial ecological agents, 15 to 25 parts of glucoses, 35 to 45 parts of mountain flour, 35 to 45 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 10 to 20 parts of table salt, 3 to 4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 3 to 7 parts of composite trace elements, 0.6 to 0.7 parts of chromium picolinate, 5 to 8 parts of compound amino acid, 0.006 to 0.01 parts of folic acid, 0.9 to 1.5 parts of boar composite many-dimensions, 0.3 to 0.4 parts of vitamin E, 1 to 2 parts of vitamin C, 0.9 to 1.5 parts of beta-carotene, 1 to 2 parts of flavoring agents, 0.09 to 0.15 parts of phytase, 1 to 2 parts of ethoxy quinoline, 2 to 3 parts of choline chloride, and the balance of carriers. In case of adding 30 percent of the concentrated feed into daily fodders for sows, the interval time from ablactation to oestrus can be shortened, thereby improving the oestrous rate, litter size and the like of the sows.


Most test generators for combinational and sequential circuits use a branch and bound technique in order to systematically explore the search space when trying to generate a test vector. This paper presents an alternative method. Instead of using a decision tree to implicitly try all combinations of signal values for a given set of signals we use a learning routine which can be called recursively. Given enough recursions, it is guaranteed that we can identify all necessary assignments at a given stage of the algorithm. Our method is general in the sense that it can be combined with any logic alphabet and can be integrated in any FAN- based test generator for combinational circuits. Furthermore, recursive learning is equally applicable for test generation in sequential circuits and can even be used in hierarchical approaches. We show experimental results that demonstrate the attractiveness of our approach by comparing recursive learning with the conventional branch and bound technique for test generation in combinational circuits.


Wearable strain sensors with a wide linear range (i.e., sensors established on piezoresistive materials) are highly desirable in detection of human motion, as well as for the evaluation of physical rehabilitation. However, most piezoresistive devices possess poor linearity in the working range due to the exponential collapse of the solid conductive structures under high strain, thus limiting their batch applications. Herein, a strain sensor with a broad linear detection range by virtue of a non‐Newtonian fluid (NNF) is reported. Graphitized carbon black (GCB) is employed to create the conductive network and subsequently embedded in defatted cellulose nanofiber (CNF)‐insulating framework. After the GCB/CNF liquid is encapsulated into the elastic polymer, the conductivity shows excellent response to tensile strain (gauge factor = 5.47). The conductivity does not drop sharply under large deformation, and the device reveals a linear response in the whole sensing range up to 100%. The sensor, which exhibits a stable performance with excellent sensitivity, durability, and low hysteresis, is applicable for real‐time monitoring bio‐signals, including pulse, muscle, and joint movements. All these results inspire a simple but promising route to design high‐performance wearable devices.


Abstract Subdomain 5BSL3.2 of hepatitis C virus RNA lies at the core of a network of distal RNA–RNA contacts that connect the 5′ and 3′ regions of the viral genome and regulate the translation and replication stages of the viral cycle. Using small-angle X-ray scattering and NMR spectroscopy experiments, we have determined at low resolution the structural models of this subdomain and its distal complex with domain 3′X, located at the 3′-terminus of the viral RNA chain. 5BSL3.2 adopts a characteristic 'L' shape in solution, whereas the 5BSL3.2–3′X distal complex forms a highly unusual 'Y'-shaped kissing junction that blocks the dimer linkage sequence of domain 3′X and promotes translation. The structure of this complex may impede an effective association of the viral polymerase with 5BSL3.2 and 3′X to start negative-strand RNA synthesis, contributing to explain the likely mechanism used by these sequences to regulate viral replication and translation. In addition, sequence and shape features of 5BSL3.2 are present in functional RNA motifs of flaviviruses, suggesting conserved regulatory processes within the Flaviviridae family.


Osteosarcoma is one of the most frequent bone tumours in paediatric age. It has a strong tendency to metastatic spread. Secondary involvement of the kidney with clinical evidence is a rare event (6 cases have been reported in literature). Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the urinary tract is also very unusual (20 cases of primary renal osteosarcoma have been reported until now). To our knowledge primary ureteral osteosarcoma has never been described. We present here one case of symptomatic kidney metastasis of osteosarcoma in a 20-year-old female patient and the first case of primary osteosarcoma of the ureter in an 81-year-old male patient.


The recent works of architecture and interior design take on too various aspects to be classified as a trend or tendency. Many subjects, seeking the superiority between form and function in space which was the issue of Modernism, got to face the works which transcend the limitation of architecture d...


Recent theories imply that differences in inflation may simply reflect public attitudes in a country, in particular, a willingness to tolerate inflation in return for short-run economic expansion and reduced unemployment. According to these theories, an economy's average rate of inflation reflects the weight society places on inflation relative to unemployment. Countries that weigh the costs of inflation heavily should have lower average rates of inflation. Conversely, countries that place low weight on maintaining low inflation should have higher average inflation. These theories are based on the notion that central banks have an incentive to engage in expansionary policies in order to achieve a temporary reduction in unemployment at the cost of higher inflation. If society places little weight on the costs of the higher inflation, the incentive will be great to attempt to reduce unemployment. As a result, inflation will tend to be higher.


To reduce the harmful damage for the antenna structure and the servo drive system and smooth the change of speed when the antenna is drived by guidance data, and improve the interpolation algorithm for radar guidance data, the spline interpolation algorithm for radar guidance data is used. Through numerical simulation method to analyze the influences of radar guidance data which are caused by three different interpolation algorithms, the results show that the spline interpolation algorithm can provide more reasonable guidance data for radar system, it realizes the smoothness of transition for radar guidance data and effectively protects the antenna structure and servo drive system, also the spline interpolation algorithm is easy to realize, so the spline interpolation algorithm is a scientific and effective interpolation algorithm for radar guidance data.


As part of a research on the nutritional balance of corn chips (2012b), Perezgonzalez assessed whether generic and proprietary brands differed in regards to overall nutritional balance. This article provides descriptive information both about the sample of products under research (foodBNI) as well as about hypothetical diets based on those products (dietBNI).


The article devoted to the 100 anniversary of the Revolution in Russia examines political and legal aspects of transformations that took place at that time. The relevance of the publication is determined by the need to analyze the effects of mutual influence of changing consciousness of the community, increased legal literacy of the population, negative evaluation of law enforcement practices and the risks of revolutionary processes. The article attempts to lay a foundation for interrelation between law and revolution. Could the revolution at all be within the legal field and, if these two categories are mutually exclusive, why is mutual influence between them so strong? Also, the work touches on the problem of the society in times of political and legal upheaval that is accompanied by revolutionary upsurge and, as a rule, overstatement of creditworthiness, which is directly associated with accumulated fatigue from previous regimes. This construction, namely: law, revolution, society -is considered by the author not only on the basis of the 1917 Russian Revolution, but also in view of extensive foreign revolutionary practice.


Education is the key to success for any society. The quality of education is directly linked with the curriculum it contains, the mode of delivery, how effective it is, as well as the volume of dispersion among the society. Digital curriculum (DC) changes the tradition of old teaching and bring higher results in different domains. This chapter examines how DC has played a main role in education in society at various levels and the importance of digital curriculum in education for teachers and students. The digital curriculum has been upgraded to enhance the status of education in a new era. Change provides a greater focus on building the era education. Moreover, the effect and the future of the DC will be illustrated. This research will further bring several ways of implementing DC in different domains, different benefits of it, and its impact on the economic growth as well as in digital governance.


To satisfy customer requirements and simultaneously fully utilize the production machines, there is a need to determine appropriate cycle time. Especially in pull systems with varying product mixes, accurate cycle time is even more crucial. Accurate cycle time also reduces the need for buffers. When the product mix varies, especially in a pull production system with parallel flow, determination of accurate cycle time becomes problematic. Hence this paper studies the relations between cycle times and product mixes in a parallel pull production system using discrete event simulation. Experiments with varying product mixes for parallel production systems are simulated. The simulation results show that optimal cycle time is inversely proportional to product mixes, when the product mix is 50:50 e.g. 120 sec. should be set to each parallel machine to obtain overall cycle time of 60 sec. However, when the mixes are more than 50:50, the proportional rule is not valid


Background: Foundry workers are occupationally exposed to hazardous substances such as silica dusts and toxic gases. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of simultaneous exposure to complex mixtures of silica dust, formaldehyde, and triethylamine on lung function parameters. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on 55 male workers of core making unit of a foundry plant (the case group) and 55 workers in a food industry were enrolled as a control group in 2015. Workers were monitored for personal exposure to crystalline silica respirable dust, according the NIOSH method No.7602. The concentrations of formaldehyde and triethylamine were measured using a PID instrument. Lung function tests were performed according to the ERS/ATS standards. Results: The mean concentrations of personal exposure to silica dust, formaldehyde, and triethylamine in the core making workers were 0.23 mg/m3 , 2.85 ppm, and 5.55 ppm and respective exposures of control subjects were less than the LOD (limit of detection). There were significant associations between exposure to silica dust and decreases in FVC (Forced vital capacity) values (P<0.05). The findings showed a statistically significant synergistic effect of silica dust and triethylamine on FVC values (P<0.05). Conclusions: The mean exposure of all studied substances was higher than occupational exposure limits. Synergistic effects of exposure to silica dust and triethylamine on some lung function parameters were observed. Simultaneous exposure of foundry workers to silica dust and triethylamine could impair lung function.


Dan Kaplan, CoFounder of periscopeUP, interviews Nick Cuttorano, Founder of The Link Builders. They discuss online reputation management, tips and techniques for controlling and owning page one of Google searches, and predictions for link building in...


The total flow-time problem of two machine open-shop is NP-hard in strong sense. For the above problem without constrains, an explicit solution is constructed in this paper from the optimal schedule under the non-idle machine constraint, its total flow-time is reductive. The explicit solution under non-idle machine constraints must not be the explicit solution without constraints is proved under the consideration. Keywords-Total flow-time, Open-shop, Efficient algorithm, Scheduling


This paper attempts to explore text features of Chen Ran from the aspects feminism on the basis of some canonical novels written by Chen Ran who boasts such novel as Private Life, Say Good-bye to the Past,Nowhere to Say Good-bye, characterized by strong feminine consciousness. She tries to have a destructive writing of traditional men and women so as to describe the cleft of feminine narration from her own experience as a creative origin. She also tries to display her narcissistic tendency and strong feminine consciousness of women characters in her novel from the female viewpoint. Her spirit weapon to keep her independency and individuality and the resistance against the society is a reflection of her own intangibly spiritual loneliness, a life experience of her own. Most of the female protagonists in her novels all try to adventure, and to flee, especially spiritual escape. Her texts mixing with the deep experience of life and detailed and subtle depiction so as to exhibit the nature of women or human beings and the connation of life send profound shiver to the bone of the reader.


This qualitative study describes the procedures undertaken to explore the Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH) preservation, especially focusing on the inhabitants' garments of different ethnic groups in Weld Quay, Penang, which was a multi-cultural trading port during the 19th century in Malaysia. Social life and occupational activities of the different ethnic groups formed the two main spines of how different the inhabitants' garments would be. This study developed and demonstrated a step-by-step conceptual framework of narrative analysis. Therefore, the procedures used in this study are adequate to serve as a guide for novice researchers who are interested in undertaking a narrative analysis study. Hence, the investigation of the material culture has been exemplified by proposing a novel conceptual framework of narrative analysis. This collaborative method has been utilized to ascertain the narrative data collected from an interview with visual and semiotic analysis. The information derived from the narrative interview is about the materials, colors, and elements of the garments of different ethnic groups (i.e., the Chinese, Indian, Malay and British). This collaborative process provides much valuable contextual and historical information to the researcher, as the interpretation and implicit understandings that underlie the stories people tell are beneficial in preserving and safeguarding this ICH. Therefore, this narrative study validates that the inhabitant's garments are a means of intangible culture heritage (ICH) preservation and suggests guidance about how to conduct narrative analysis for mining historical data in a more explicit manner.


Grasslands are imperiled due to land conversion, fragmentation, woody encroachment, population growth, and global warming. What remains of intact grasslands are vital for the ecosystem services they provide. Wildlife species native to the North American Great Plains evolved in response to very specific and differing habitats. Without variation in vegetation structure and composition (heterogeneity) the number of species that can thrive is minimized, as are the interconnected ecosystem services. Landowners' assistance in the maintenance of grassland ecosystems is essential because Great Plains grasslands are primarily privately managed. Thus, increasing heterogeneity on working rangelands is a partial solution to balancing the needs of wildlife with that of cattle production. This study tested a predictive model of factors influencing attitudes toward heterogeneous and landscape-scale ranch management. An online survey was sent to ranchers within prescribed-burn and grazing groups in the Great Plains. Predictors of landscape-scale management were spirituality, stewardship, social descriptive norms, consideration of future consequences, and participation in grassland activities. The lone predictor of attitudes toward heterogeneous grassland management was consideration of future consequences. Even though the survey targeted groups that were more likely to be higher in heterogeneous attitudes, a vast majority are still following the "manage to the middle" paradigm. It appears these ranchers are unaware of the benefits of a heterogeneous landscape and the compatibility of its associated management techniques with their cattle production goals. To improve the adoption of techniques that promote vegetation heterogeneity, more resources should be devoted to demonstrating how these practices benefit ranchers' cattle business alongside the larger landscape.


Objective:To summary of three cases caused by levofloxacin in elderly patients with central nervous system diagnosis and treatment of adverse reactions,in order to strengthen the rational application of drugs.Methods:To retrospective three cases of levofloxacin caused the central nervous system adverse reactions and treatment measures from 2010 to 2011.Results:The adverse reactions of the three cases in elderly patients with central nervous system response,and mental disorders caused by levofloxacin,3 cases recovered after stopping taking levofloxacin and symptomatic treatment.Conclusion:Elderly patients need to be cautious and pay attention to adjust the dosage of levofloxacin.


For many years it has been known that the presence of arsenic in the body is one of the causes of herpes zoster. The so-called Manchester epidemic of 1900 is an example of this. Herpes zoster was observed in 13 of 1,181 syphilitic patients who were treated at the Los Angeles City Venereal Clinic during 1938. Sixteen patients were treated with neoarsphenamine and bismuth subsalicylate in weekly doses, and 2 were treated with bismuth subsalicylate only. in 2 cases the eruption was distributed over the cervical region, and in 4 it was located on the lower part of the body and extended down the legs. In the others it was located on the chest. In no case was the distribution bilateral. Varicella was not observed in any case. In 7 cases pain was recorded, but in no case did it last more than a month. No constitutional treatment was given


Optimal use of road transport system is necessary to address the problems like traffic congestion, air pollution and safety. One such way to optimize is by encouraging use of public transport modes (buses) by assigning priority to them. One of the bus preferential treatments is the provision of exclusive lanes for buses on urban roads. The specific aim of this study is mainly to study the feasibility of provision of exclusive bus lanes based on two criteria, based on proportion of travellers using different types of road vehicles and based on the total travellers' time savings in terms of money value due to provision of exclusive bus lane on urban roads. The major work element of this study includes vehicle occupancy survey, vehicle volume and composition survey, income survey and estimation of journey time and journey time savings in terms of money value savings. The provision of exclusive bus lanes on urban roads increases the speed of buses, reduces journey time, saves travel cost and reduces road crashes.


DOI: 10.1515/jim-2016-0042 We report the case of a 23-year-old young male adult, without any previous personal or family medical history, who was admitted to our department with excessive fatigue, shortness of breath and a presyncope. The physical examination revealed peripheral edemas and bilateral fine basal crackles, cyanosis and hypotension. The resting ECG showed sinus rhythm, 130 bpm, with negative T waves in II, aVF, V4–V6. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed significant left ventricle (LV) enlargement (75/64 mm), with moderate left atrium (LA, 53 mm) and right ventricle (RV, 44 mm) enlargement and significant systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction 30%). LV noncompaction (LVNC) was also revealed by echocardiography (Panel A) with prominent trabeculation of the LV (green arrow) and deep recesses (red arrow), with a relatively mobile 13/15mm echo-dense mass at the apex of the LV, highly specific for thrombus. Transesophageal echocardiography (Panel B) identified an apical thrombus (red arrow). As LVNC is frequently associated with other congenital abnormalities, computed tomography (CT) was performed (Panel C), which revealed a ratio of 2.41 of the noncompacted to compacted layer, with no other structural or coronary artery origin abnormality (Panel D).1,2 The apical thrombus (red arrow) and the midand apical segment noncompaction (blue arrows) were also noted. LVNC is a rare genetic cardiomyopathy, with possible late onset of the symptoms and it has to be considered at any age.3 Proper imaging techniques must be used for correct diagnosis, management and prevention of complications.


Oil-field Contract Manage System is designed for resolving the problems in works such as low efficiency and bad precision that existing in the managing of the oil-field contract and the cost control . It was designed in Delphi computer language and SQL SERVER database manage tool on WINDOWS platform .The system has achieved a high efficiency of the oil-field contract managing , the cost control and the increase in the economy benefit.


People with intellectual disabilities grieve too. Research indicates that many of their loss and grief experiences have not been adequately recognised, nor have these individuals been well supported. This can have significant long-term effects on quality of life, health and wellbeing. Frequently encountered types of loss are discussed and highlighted by several cases. Recognition of grief reactions in people with intellectual disabilities can be difficult, and atypical and prolonged grief has frequently been misinterpreted as challenging behaviour or psychopathology. Evidence now emerging about the benefits of intervention and the types of support necessary is also presented.


(57) Abstract: during a series of operations of the ligating instrument, the plurality of ligating bands (310, 311, 312) ligating dispenser for delivering the individual (305). Mutually mated housing segment (306) and the piston segment (307) to support a plurality of ligating bands in a position axially spaced. The retraction of the piston segment, sending one ligation band, moving the remaining ligating band in the distal direction and the axial direction. After retraction, the piston because it is biased forward, feeding the other ligating band according to the following retraction. The exterior (320) which is coupled to the piston segment, sclerotherapy needle (330) is mounted. Doctors retract the piston retract the exterior. Moreover, the physician is advancing the sclerotherapy needle through the outer administering a sclerotherapy agent as an alternative to ligating a lesion.


Policy responses to COVID-19, particularly those related to non-pharmaceutical interventions, are unprecedented in scale and scope. Researchers and policymakers are striving to understand the impact of these policies on a variety of outcomes. Policy impact evaluations always require a complex combination of circumstance, study design, data, statistics, and analysis. Beyond the issues that are faced for any policy, evaluation of COVID-19 policies is complicated by additional challenges related to infectious disease dynamics and lags, lack of direct observation of key outcomes, and a multiplicity of interventions occurring on an accelerated time scale. In this paper, we (1) introduce the basic suite of policy impact evaluation designs for observational data, including cross-sectional analyses, pre/post, interrupted time-series, and difference-in-differences analysis, (2) demonstrate key ways in which the requirements and assumptions underlying these designs are often violated in the context of COVID-19, and (3) provide decision-makers and reviewers a conceptual and graphical guide to identifying these key violations. The overall goal of this paper is to help policy-makers, journal editors, journalists, researchers, and other research consumers understand and weigh the strengths and limitations of evidence that is essential to decision-making. are many potential pitfalls in the use of observational data for evaluation generally, and some additional methodological design challenges relating to COVID-19 policies in particular. This paper provides a graphical guide to policy impact evaluations for COVID-19, targeted to decision-makers, researchers and evidence curators. Our aim is to provide a coherent framework for conceptualizing and identifying common pitfalls in COVID-19 policy evaluation. Importantly, this should not be taken either as a comprehensive guide to policy evaluation more broadly or as guidance on performing analysis, which may be found elsewhere. Rather, we review relevant study designs for policy evaluations — including pre/post, interrupted time series, and difference-in-difference approaches — and provide guidance and tools for identifying key issues with each type of study as they relate to NPIs and other COVID-19 policy interventions. Improving our ability to identify key pitfalls will enhance our ability to identify and produce valid and useful evidence for informing policymaking.


We employ Runs 1-4 off-peak data sample (about 21.5 fb{sup -1}) to produce the current world-best spectra and production rates measurements for three strangely-flavored baryons: the {Lambda} hyperon, the cascade hyperon, and the {Omega} hyperon. These improved measurements shall enable theoretical and phenomelogical workers to generate more realistic models for the hadronization process, currently one of the unresolved problem areas in the standard model of particle physics. This analysis was conducted using codes from release 16 series. We report the production rate at 10.54 GeV for the {Lambda} as 0.0900 {+-} 0.0006(stat.) {+-} 0.0039(sys.) per hadronic event. Our measured production rate at the same energy for the cascade hyperon is 0.00562 {+-} 0.00013(stat.) {+-} 0.00045(sys.) per hadronic event, while that for the {Omega} hyperon is 0.00027 {+-} 0.00004(stat.) {+-} 0.0008(sys.) per hadronic event. The spectral measurements for the respective particles also constitute current world-best measurements.


Underactuated robotic hands require a certain mechanism substituted for actuators. The role of this ingenious mechanism is distributing a system input to several system outputs. In other words, one input from an actuator is distributed to every joints of a finger by the mechanism with the consideration for the task and environment. A typical example is mechanical linkages with different link lengths. Besides, there are tendon drive, hydraulic device, and so on. In this paper, the differential driving module is introduced as an alternative to the absence of an actuator. In addition we also present the development of a self-adaptive hand for performing dexterous manipulation tasks with the differential driving module.


This Ph.D. project has been addressed to evaluate the potential of microalgal technology for biofuel production. Different steps of the process, as well as technologies and concepts have been analyzed experimentally and by process simulations in order to assess the sustainability of the production of biofuel from microalgae.
An experimentation work on microalgae cultivation in untreated wastewaters is reported, including the selection of the optimal wastewater process stream, the nutrients removal efficiencies and the removal rates. Also, the effects of temperature, day/night irradiation and bacterial competition in steady-state biomass production are evaluated in order to integrate both technologies.
Downstream processing has been investigated with respect to anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae biomass. The production of biogas is evaluated using whole and de-oiled microalgae, as a function of inoculum typology and biomass concentration, and the effect of the solvent used for oil extraction is tested. For HTL, the recovery and reuse of the water process is investigated, by recycling it into the HTL system, testing the effects of temperature and the number of recycles on the product yields. An energy analysis of the entire process, considering several process routes and conditions is presented to verify and optimize its energy profits with respect to EROEI, and eventually a process which is energetically self-sufficient is proposed. Finally a techno-economic analysis of a large-scale plant of biocrude is reported, where data from experimental results and process simulations are used to calculate the oil selling price to achieve revenues from the production of biofuel from microalgae.


We propose a vector quantisation method which does not only provide a compact description of data vectors in terms codebook vectors, but also gives an explanation of codebook vectors as binary combinations of elementary features. This corresponds to the intuitive notion that, in the real world, patterns can be usefully thought of as being constructed by compositions from simpler features. The model can be understood as a generative model, in which the codebook vector is generated by a hidden binary state vector. The model is non-probabilistic in the sense that it assigns each data vector to a single codebook vector. We describe exact and approximate learning algorithms for learning deterministic feature representations. In contrast to probabilistic models, the deterministic approach allows the use of message propagation algorithms within the learning scheme. These are compared with standard mean-field/Gibbs sampling learning. We show that Generative Vector Quantisation gives a good performance in large scale real world tasks like image compression and handwritten digit analysis with up to 400 data dimensions. Adapted from: M.J.D. Westerdijk, D. Barber, and W.A.J.J. Wiegerinck. Deterministic Generative Models for Fast Feature Discovery Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 5, 337–363, 2001.


The object of discussion of ushul fiqh is discussed by ushul scholars with different systematics, according to the focus of attention of each individual. In general, the method of establishing the arguments for the syara' law can be known from the Prophet's dialogue with Mu'adz bin Jabal when he was sent to Yemen as a qadhi. In the process of establishing syara' law, the use of argument plays a very important role. In terms of origin, the argument is divided into two parts, first; arguments originating from revelation, and second; The argument comes from ra'yu (reasoning). All arguments by some scholars can be returned to only four arguments, namely: first; the Bible, second; Al-Sunnah, third; Ijma', and fourth; Al-Ra'yu.


Some novel lipids bearing nucleosides were designed and synthesized as gene vectors,and the structures of these compounds were characterized by UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and elemental analysis.


The irradiation of detached tobacco leaves with short-wave ultraviolet light (254 nm, 600 Jm-2) causes guard cells to lose potassium, and stomata to close, within 30 minutes. Stomatal closing has been correlated with an increased rate of senescence of detached oat leaves (Thimann and Satler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 2295, 1979). Thus, closing of stomata may account for the acceleration of senescence that is induced by ultraviolet light. THE ACCELERATION of leaf senescence by ultraviolet light (UV, 254 nm) has been studied by Tanada and Hendricks (1953) and Wu (1971), among others. Photoreactivation of the UVinduced effect by blue and/or near UV light (Tanada and Hendricks, 1953) suggests that nucleic acids are targets, but reversal of the effect by application of a cytokinin (Wu, 1971) argues for a more complex mechanism. Thimann and Satler (1979a, b) have correlated the rate of senescence of detached leaves of oat seedlings with stomatal aperture. Treatments that promoted the closing or opening of stomata tended to accelerate or delay senescence, respectively. Hercik (1964), in a preliminary study with Begonia semperfiorens, demonstrated that UV could induce stomatal closure. In this report, we show that UV closes tobacco stomata as it inhibits K+ accumulation by guard-cells. We suggest that this effect contributes to the UV-induced acceleration of senescence.


The early deterioration of concrete bridges is of concern in many European countries. Many governmental organizations have been reporting problems with their bridges since the mid 1980s, and for those with a large number of bridges, there is often a problem in prioritizing them for investigation prior to determining the necessary remedial actions. One effect of premature deterioration is that significant expenditure has to be diverted from capital works to the management of those structures. Management plans have been shown to provide bridge managers with invaluable knowledge on the condition of each asset. This paper contains a brief review of the performance of bridges and the need to develop management plans that clearly identify higher risk bridges for investigation. A three phase process is described that subsequently enables the condition of those bridges to be accurately assessed, the extent, severity and causes of deterioration determined, and appropriate management actions identified with confidence. Case studies are presented that demonstrate the benefits of staged approaches both to prioritizing bridges for investigations and to planning and carrying out those investigations. Whatever the sophistication of the database available for a bridge management information system, it is essential to acquire accurate data on the condition of the bridges is acquired.


Emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has a high mortality rate in humans and continues to spread worldwide. However, there are currently no effective therapeutics or vaccines. Ying et al. (p. 7796 –7805) identified three potent MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies from a large naïve library. Competition experiments suggest that the epitopes bound by these antibodies overlap with each other and the receptor-binding domain. The new MERS-CoV antibodies could be useful for prophylaxis and treatment of MERS-CoV infection of humans and facilitate development of vaccines.


The two new guaiane sesquiterpenes lactarioline A (I) and B (II) inhibit IFN-γ production in NK92 cells in a dose-dependent manner.


How to rationally utilize iron ore resource is great importance to the iron and steel industry,because of the rising of price of the import iron ore.The paper presents the types and the distribution of complex refractory iron ore in China,analyzes the technical advances in the mineral processing of complex refractory iron ore,and makes suggestions on speeding up China's progress in beneficiation technology.


Previous research efforts have quantified the capacity of non-barrier-separated, high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. However, the majority of these efforts have focused on HOV lanes that usually operate well below capacity. In contrast, the I-85 HOV lanes in Atlanta, Georgia, usually operate under constrained flow conditions during morning and afternoon peak periods. This provides an opportunity to assess the relative performance of the HOV lane to the adjacent general-purpose (GP) lanes, which also undergo constrained flow conditions. This paper considers the relationship between the performance of the HOV and GP lanes by examining speed differential effects as a function of congestion on GP lanes. The research provides evidence of a sympathetic reduction in vehicle speeds in the HOV lane. This is likely explained by the safety concerns of the HOV drivers associated with the potential for vehicles using the congested GP lanes to enter the HOV lane, as well as the safety concerns of HOV drivers looking for an acceptable gap to merge into the GP lanes to access a downstream exit ramp.


This paper presents a system analysis of the standard current mode buck converter and underlines an unwanted missing pulse behavior, caused by the external ramp itself, that will always appear at some output load current, depending on inductor and capacitor values. The missing pulse will force the converter to work at a sub-harmonic switching frequency in place of the designed one. This effect nullifies all efforts to keep under control the electromagnetic emissions of the circuit, that, otherwise, could be reduced by insertion of a tuned filter. In this paper some different solutions to this problem are analyzed and compared, paying attention to the possible undesired effects that they might cause to the system. Eventually the paper introduces a method to solve definitively the missing pulse oscillations also for high switching frequency working systems.


The US National Ocean Policy calls for ecosystem-based management (EBM) of the ocean to help realize the vision advanced in the 2010 Executive Order on the Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes. However, no specific approach for incorporating EBM into planning was provided. We explore how a set of ecological principles and ecosystem vulnerability concepts can be integrated into emerging comprehensive assessment frameworks, including Australia's National Marine Bioregional Assessments, California's Marine Life Protection Act Initiative's regional profiles, Canada's Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative, and the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) program, to transition to ecosystem-based ocean planning. We examine NOAA's IEA framework to demonstrate how these concepts could be incorporated into existing frameworks. Although our discussion is focused on US ocean policy, comprehensive ecological assessments are applicable to a wide array of management strategies and planning processes.


Australia's health system is under pressure from challenges posed by an ageing population, the increasing prevalence of chronic disease, increasing consumerism and new technologies. The health workforce itself compounds these challenges as it ages, and there remain shortages in key disciplines. Education and training are key components of strategies to address workforce shortages and to equip it to meet future needs of chronic disease management in general practice.


The case is presented for reorienting the current paradigm of development communication to place greater reliance on new theoretical perspectives about the network society and to bring those theories to bear on studies of information and communication technologies (ICTs), especially mobile phones, in the relatively under-examined research setting of urban entrepreneurial activity. Support for this argument is made by reviewing the current and near-future state of information and communication technologies and services, by examining the implications for development of increased urbanization in the global South, and by considering promising new scholarly theorizing relevant to ICTs for economic development. Research questions are offered regarding the use and impact of ICTs in urban micro- and small enterprises.


Searchers can have problems devising queries that accurately express their, often dynamic, information needs. In this paper we describe an adaptive approach that uses unobtrusive monitoring of interaction to help alleviate such problems and support searchers in their seeking. The approach we propose implicitly selects terms to better represent information needs, gathers evidence on potential changes in these needs, and uses this evidence to tailor the result presentation accordingly. A user evaluation of an interface implementing our approach, presented in [7], shows it can select terms that approximate current information needs and provide evidence to track changes in these needs.


The real and imaginary parts of Patterson functions based on `e' and `f' satellites were calculated. In `e' satellite maps, Patterson interactions involving cations are most prominent and permit relatively simple calculation of the amplitudes and phases of 26 displacement modulation waves. The deformation of the silicate chain, which is apparently one of the major features of the plagioclase superstructure, is shown in detail. The interpretation of the `f' satellite Patterson function is less straightforward, but it shows clearly that the associated displacements are of very small amplitude, directed along [02{\bar 5}] and that they do not involve Na/Ca cations.


The aim of this study is to investigate whether:
during the process of mathematical problem solving within a favorable learning environment of a pre-school classroom setting, while child-child and child-teacher interaction takes place, children involve themselves in processes promoting skill development.

The above hypothesis is studied through three basic research questions, each of which is analysed in further and more specific questions:
1. how does the extensive, frequent (daily) and organized by the teacher, occupation of children with mathematical problem solving process, within a favorable learning environment, function?
2. how does the mathematical problem solving process effect children's skill development in
(a)their involvement in the mathematical problem solving process :
(i)can the child use the material created for the mathematical problem representation in a way that leads to the solution of the problem? (ii) does the child's work show that he/she has considered the problem's data, (iii) does the child's work lead to the solution of the mathematical problem?
(b)the development of strategies in order to solve the mathematical problem :
(i)which strategies do the children develop during the mathematical problem solving process? (ii) do the children apply the same strategy every time they engage in the process of solving the same mathematical problem? (iii) is there a development or an improvement of the children's strategy during future processes of solving the same mathematical problem?
(c)the detection of all possible solutions of a mathematical problem :
(i)can children detect all possible solutions of the mathematical problem? (ii) in which ways do the children manage to detect all possible solutions of the mathematical problem?
(d)graphically representing the solutions of the mathematical problem :
(i)how do children chose to graphically represent the solutions of the mathematical problem? (ii) how do children use graphical representations of problem solutions during the problem solving process?
3. can child-child and child-teacher language interactions, which develop within a pre-school classroom setting, contribute to the problem solving process
(i)in which of the categories cumulative talk, investigative talk, exploratory talk does children's dialogue fall and where does it lead? (ii) where does child-child and child-teacher dialogue lead? (iii) where does child monologue lead?
The results show that (a) through child-child and child-teacher interaction children as young as four years old can become capable of applying the mathematical problem solving process, (b) extensive, frequent and organized occupation of young children with the mathematical problem solving process leads to skill development, (c) the teacher's role is central to the development of skills in the way she organizes the classroom's learning environment.
The present study consists of four chapters. Chapter I studies the problem solving process in pre-school and the term "favorable learning environment". The determination of the elements of such an environment is established through bibliographical research relative to the teacher's role in the creation of the classroom environment and the promotion of language interaction between herself and children and between children. Chapter II analyses the methodology of the current study. Chapter III presents and studies the research findings. Chapter IV summarizes the basic findings of the study and presents its conclusions through answering its research questions and gives suggestions for future investigation of questions that have emerged from the present study.


In palliative home care situations in Belgium, general practitioners (GPs) collaborate closely with community nurses. In some cases, additional assistance of a palliative home care nurse may be required. As such, every member of this care team has his own responsibilities. Moreover, this trio of involved health care providers is an "ad-hoc" team, which means that the composition may change with every patient.


KBe2BO3F2 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of K2CO3, BeO, H3BO3, and KF (700 °C, 3 d) and characterized by XRD and DFT calculations.


Abstract Capillary penetration of liquids in porous and fibrous materials is of practical importance in many industrial processes such as textile and paper treatment, detergency, and filtration, and for environmental matters such as penetration of oil in sand or rocks. In the proposed experiment, a piece of fabric is put into contact with a wetting liquid. The mass of liquid absorbed is recorded as a function of time. The dynamics of capillary rise is compared to the classical Washburn law observed in the case of a porous membrane. The kinetics measured cannot be described with a simple Washburn law involving a single capillary radius. We present experimental evidence for simultaneous imbibition processes of the fabric: (i) a volume imbibition inside the strands of yarn, which are shown to behave as an assembly of capillary tubes and (ii) a surface rise, due to the alveoli formed by the woven structure of the fabric. The system thus appears as a double porous medium, characterized by two different sizes. Exchange of matter between the two media is possible but in our case we show that imbibition can be simply described by two independent processes.


We investigate competition between tax havens and how this competition is related to geographic distribution. We study the extent to which proximity to the nearest tax haven affects foreign direct investment and the number of American affiliates in a tax haven. Empirical results show that distance to the nearest tax haven is positively related to FDI inflows and the number of American affiliates in tax havens. These findings suggest that tax havens compete with each other in a potentially harmful manner. Interestingly, we also find evidence of positive spillovers: the number of American affiliates in a tax haven and its closest tax haven neighbor is positively related. This finding suggests that agglomeration benefits are important for firms and that the nature of the competition between tax havens changes once there is a subsidiary in the nearby tax haven.


As a combination of wind tunnel and calculated data, semiempirical models predict the dispersion of ground level releases within built-up areas. The following example of such a semiempirical model describes an application for point sources and releases of neutral density. Two parameters of that model are the so-called radius of homogenization and the lateral shift of the dispersion plume in the case of an oblique approach flow to the main orientation of the buildings. Both were determined by wind tunnel experiments using a variety of arrangements of buildings. Comparing the results of the semiempirical model with other wind tunnel results and on-site data, a better forecast of the concentration as with Gaussian Plume Models can be discovered. Normally, GPM do not include influences of the building arrangement on the dispersion like for instance the lateral shift of the plume. With the available data of the wind tunnel and the semiempirical model one is able to reproduce such effects without a considerable increasing of the arithmetic expenditure in comparison with the unmodified GPM.


Can. Ent. 115: 1647-1651 (1983) Flower production, fruit set, and pollinator activity were measured in two 1-year postbum blueberry fields on the coastal barrens of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Honey bees were stocked at a density of 1.7 colonieslha in one field while the control field lacked honey bees. Bloom production was similar in the two fields but fruit set was 54% in the test compared with 39% in the control field. Native pollinator (bee) populations were similar between fields but total pollinator populations were much higher in the test field with the difference contributed by honey bees. On the coastal barrens, where native pollinator populations are low and bloom exists in abundance for a short period of time, under-pollination may limit fruit set under some conditions and thus honey bees may have value in increasing fruit yield.


The subject and thread thinking of chairman Hu is important guiding ideology to propel national defense and troops forward,and the guide to action to propel the scientific development of equipment construction.The equipment battlefront must change the concept of equipment construction around the subject and thread thinking,carry out cardinal claims seriously through the practice of equipment construction,and propel the scientific development of equipment construction in new starting point.


Reports on the 1st nationwide survey on incidence of abortion related mortality in Bangladesh. Abortion is illegal except where a woman's life is in danger, but is believed to be commonly practiced for termination of unwanted pregnancies by village "dais" and other untrained practitioners. Data on all maternal deaths was collected from midwives, nurses, family welfare visitors, rural physicians, obstetricians, and other workers in some 800 health centers, covering all accessible areas of Bangladesh. Of 1933 pregnancy related deaths, 498 were found to be due to complications from induced abortions. These represented some 31% of the cases hospitalized from abortion related complications. Village dais performed 42% of the abortions reported. Nearly 1/2 were induced by inserting an object such as a stick or root into the uterus. Nearly 80% of the women were aged 20-39, with a mean of 3.1 living children. 46.3% of the abortions were conducted in the 1st trimester, 38.7% in the 2nd, and 15% in the 3rd. Fatalities occurred more frequently among those further along in gestation. On the basis of these and other findings, it is estimated that if all abortions reported had been conducted by physicians using medically approved procedures, 84% of the reported deaths could have been avoided. Using various data, an estimated 7800 women are thought to have died in Bangladesh in 1978 due to abortion complications, while an estimated 500,000 births were averted by abortions that year. In another part of the survey, 379 physicians were interviewed about their attitudes toward abortion. Nearly 99% indicated approval of abortion in 1 or more circumstances not approved by law. Other recent surveys have shown considerable approval of abortion. The government may wish to consider expanding programs for training physicians and medical practitioners to perform menstrual regulation and abortions safely.


Point out the defect of traditional distributed technology in network computing, analyse the technology needs for contructing distributed application based on network environment being present, discuss the principles of distributed application programming, raise the distributed application framework base on .NET, and put forward the design in detail of a ditributed application based on .NET plat.


W 1 2, loc(Ω) = {f : f ∈W 1 2 (Ω ∩B x ρ ), ∀ ρ > 0 , ∀x ∈ R } , where B ρ – open ball with center at point x and with radius ρ. If x = 0 then we will write Bρ. We will denote by o W2, loc(Ω) set of functions from W 1 2, loc(R ), which is the closure of C 0 (Ω) in the system of seminorms ‖u‖W 1 2 (K), where K ⊂ R n are various compacts. Let denote by L2(Ω) a space of generalized functions in Ω, which first derivatives belong to L2(Ω) [4], in other words


Based on finite volume method,computational fluid dynamics software is used to simulate the single U-tube ground heat exchanger with effective heat exchange length of 120m,and three dimensional numerical model of coupled heat transfer between U-tube ground heat exchangers and soil is established.Considering U-tube wall thermal insulation,the thermal response and heat exchanger property is analyzed,based on different soil initial temperature,inlet water velocity and continuous operation or intermittent operation of running three months.The simulation results show: at the same soil temperature,with the increase of initial velocity,the unit heat transfer capacity and outlet water temperature increase;the velocity has more influence on outlet water temperature than the soil initial temperature;the average specific heat transfer capacity during intermittent operation is 0.7W/m larger than that during continuous operation.


The invention discloses an optical multi-touch contact detection method based on a visual attention model. The optical multi-touch contact detection method comprises the following processes of: acquiring an infrared image; preprocessing the infrared image to obtain a target image; detecting a saliency area to obtain a saliency map; normalizing a saliency value to obtain the normalized saliency map; performing binarization processing; and outputting a contact image. The visual attention model is fused with image characteristics and human priori knowledge, the randomness of the detection process is reduced, and the problem of noise interference in non-contact bright areas is well solved. The method has high universality and is suitable for multiple design schemes of the optical multi-touch system, and extra auxiliary equipment is not required; and moreover, contact signals in multiple complex realistic environments with bright light rays and non-uniform illumination can be simultaneously detected. The optical multi-touch contact detection method can be suitable for contact detection in various light ray environments, and the development in the field of the optical multi-touch contact detection is promoted.


The relationships between the mechanical properties of strengthened glass by ion exchange and the technological parameters of chemical quenching have been investigated. Samples of soda lime silicate float glass were subjected to ion exchange treatment at different temperatures and during different times in a molten salt bath of potassium nitrate in order to create compressive stresses at the surface of these samples. Several techniques were used to evaluate the surface characteristics of these samples; such as Vickers indentation and 4-point bending test. The results obtained show that both the temperature and the time of ion exchange have a significant influence on the characteristics of the surface and consequently on the mechanical properties of the glass.


In this paper,the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)algorithm is employed to simulate microwave pulse coupling into the dielectric slot on a rectangular cavity.We investigate the factors that influence the coupling resonant peak and resonant frequency of the dielectric slot,including the slot length,slot width,and relative dielectric constant. Numerical results show that the equation of resonant frequency for microwave coupling into the dielectric slot is modified. Finally,the resonant condition of rectangular cavity with a dielectric slot is provided.


IO N A resistive switching device where the active material possesses two reversibly switchable resistance states [ 1,2 ] is of interest due to potential capabilities to provide for the next generation memory technologies. Resistive switching devices present unrivaled advantages such as high on/off current ratio, fast memory operation, excellent retention and extremely low power consumption. In addition, resistive switching memories have simple device structures and low fabrication costs, meeting the requirements of next generation memory devices. [ 3 ] Resistive switching memories serve the needs for high density data storage, readily integrate with current electronic systems and can be used in simple electronics and consumer products such as the RFID tags and smart card applications. Resistive switching behavior has been observed in several materials when sandwiched between two electrodes, such as fi lamentary conduction in functional polymer blends, [ 4 ] space charge and trap states in nanocrystal composites, [ 5 ] redox and charge transfer in donor-acceptor systems, [ 6 ] polarization-induced resistive switching and ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs). [ 7 ]


Older patients are a particularly vulnerable population with respect to burn injuries. The American Burn Association has invested resources in improving burn care and burn prevention within this age group, recognizing the difficulties in both the identification and subsequent modification of risk factors. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) is maintained by the Consumer Product Safety Commission to surveil for injury trends and is populated with data from a representative group of approximately 100 emergency departments in the United States. This database could serve as a useful tool to evaluate burn injury patterns in elderly patients with an eye toward targeted prevention measures.

 The NEISS was queried for patients aged 55 years and older with a diagnosis of scald, thermal, chemical, electrical, or unspecified burn injuries for the years 2008 - 2017. Each injury was classified by body part(s) burned, causative product, gender, and age group of patient (55–64, 65–74, 75–84, 85 and older). The ten most commonly burned sites as well as the ten most common causative products were determined for each gender and age group and in aggregate. Weighted estimates from the NEISS data were utilized to calculate injury numbers across the population.

 The most common etiology of burn injuries for all patients aged 55 and older was hot water. Men were most commonly injured by gasoline, a product which did not rank in the top ten for women in any age group. Additionally, within each age group, gasoline was among the top 4 products that was associated with burn injuries in men. Cookware was the second most common cause of burn injury among women aged 55 and older and was the sixth most common cause among men. For women, the combination of cookware and ranges/ovens was among the top 2 products associated with burn injury within each age group. The most commonly injured body part for all patients was the face. This held across most age and gender groupings except for women aged 75 to 84 (upper trunk), and women 85 and older (foot). Men were more likely to injure their hands than women.

 The most common cause of burn injuries in older adults is hot water, and the most common body part affected is the face. Women are more likely to be injured by cookware and ranges/ovens. Men are more likely to be injured secondary to gasoline and are more likely to injure their hands.

 NEISS data could be useful in the development of targeted prevention campaigns, such as focused education about the dangers of hot liquids, cooking, and accelerants.


Abstract This study was carried out to establish the conservation plan of specific plants by surveying and analyse the individuals and the environment of habitats on specific plants designated by Juwangsan national park office. The specific plants were 14 species including Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Hylotelephium ussuriense, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Lilium cernuum, Thalictrum coreanum, Exochorda serratifolia, Lilium distichum, Aristolochia contorta, Jeffersonia dubia, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Salix chaenomeloids, Eranthis stellata, Scopolia japonica, and Paeonia japonica. The habitats of specific plants were 40 sites including Berchemia berchemiaefolia of 11 sites, Hylotelephium ussuriense of 8 sites, Lilium cernuum and Thalictrum coreanum of each 3 sites, Exochorda serratifolia of 2 sites, and Lilium distichum, Aristolochia contorta, Jeffersonia dubia, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Salix chaenomeloids, Eranthis stellata, Scopolia japonica and Paeonia japonica of each 1 site. The altitude was the most in 300400 m. In direction, NW was the most, and it showed SW in that order. The slope angle was the most in 010%, and the cliff showed in that order. In the results of species composition by stratum layer, Berchemia berchemiaefolia had the most, 15 species, in tree layer. In shrub and herb layer, this had the most as 20 species and 29 species, too. The species that occupied the largest size was Salix chaenomeloids in 2,500 , and Jeffersonia dubia showed 1,500 in that order. The conservation of specific plants is to accomplish the ex situ and in situ conservation at the same time.Key words: Endangered plant, Rare plant, Endemic plant, Flora


For the etnic society of Manngarai, West Folres, the presence of child/baby in their family is a gift from God that must be grateful. The thanksgiving ceremony for the presence of the child is called Teing Ngasang . Teing Ngasang is a rite of giving a name to a child who born into the Manggarai people. For the name is something very valuable. Name is a representation of a person's personality. The "name" actually includes one's identity and behavior patterns. Therefore, Manggarai people always try to avoid actions or behavior that can damage their reputation. The author's focus is to look at the comparison of initiation rites as well as points of equality and difference between the ceremony of Teing Ngasang and Baptist Sacrament in the Catholic Church. In addition, the author will review the points which are donations from the Teing Ngasang ceremony in relation to the Baptist Sacrament. The findings of this comparative study are a change in the meaning of the Teing Ngasang ceremony in the light of Christian Faith. In addition, it is also known that the relations and the awareness of the Supreme Being in the lives of the Manggarai people existed long before Catholicism entered.


Abstract Waters MN, Bernhardt ES, Gerson JR. 2023. The impacts of dam construction on elemental deposition in a reservoir receiving mountaintop coal mining materials. Lake Reserv Manage. 39:246–258. Dam construction and associated reservoirs can become depositional basins capable of concentrating material inputs from human-altered landscapes. Landscape disturbances such as agriculture and urban expansion have been shown to impact erosional processes into reservoirs, whereas less is known of material originating from intense mining operations. Mountaintop mining (MTM), a prevalent form of surface coal mining in the Central Appalachian ecoregion of the United States, can impact stream ecosystems by altering flows, conductivity, and associated elements. We applied paleolimnological techniques to determine depositional impacts in the Mud River Reservoir downstream of the Hobet Mine, West Virginia, the largest surface mine complex in the United States. Paleolimnological measurements included carbon (C), selenium (Se), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and photosynthetic pigments. Our study focused on 3 primary objectives: (1) determine the materials associated with MTM that are stored in the sediment, (2) calculate the storage rate of Se, a known contaminant from this area, following dam construction (1995 CE), and (3) identify physical, environmental, and biological mechanisms associated with dam construction and how they influence elemental deposition in reservoirs. Results from sediment cores show increases in the storage of inorganic carbon (IC), Se, and Ca for both core sites throughout the period of reservoir existence, with Se deposition related to physical and environmental conditions that are associated with reservoir genesis. These data show that dam construction altered environmental processes on MTM elements, which could have lasting impacts on reservoir biota and downstream environments long after reclamation efforts are applied.


In this study, surface contact involving sections with symmetric and asymmetric friction (different magnitudes of friction are encountered when moving in opposite direction) is considered. The asymmetric friction phenomenon considered here is created when blocks of anisotropic material with symmetric axis inclined to the contact area moves in a constraint environment. Bafekrpour et al. (2015) have shown this arrangement can create high levels of asymmetric friction by coupling shear and normal forces. We consider a spring- blocks model of the type proposed by Burridge and Knopoff (1967): multiple blocks – some blocks with asymmetric friction property and others with symmetric friction property – connected by springs. Each of these blocks are connected by a spring to a driving block. Two types motion for the driving block are considered: moving at constant velocity and constant velocity with an oscillation. Parametric analysis has been conducted to compare the difference in dynamics when comparing surface interaction involving only symmetric friction blocks to different combinations of asymmetric and symmetric friction blocks. We show that threshold for instability/motion can be controlled by the proportion of asymmetric friction section present in the system and the magnitude of friction involved in the asymmetric friction section. The characteristic of the system’s motion is also shown to be affected by the arrangement asymmetric and symmetric friction sections.

Bafekrpour, E., A.V. Dyskin, E. Pasternak, A. Molotnikov and Y. Estrin (2015), Internally architectured materials with directionally asymmetric friction. Scientific Reports, 5, Article 10732.

Burridge, R. and L. Knopoff, 1967. Model and theoretical seismicity. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 57(3) 341-371.


Resonant tunneling devices and its features were introduced.The development trend and new progress on resonant tunneling devices and its integration were discussed.In the new progress,particularly,the fabrication of the SiO2/Si/SiO2 resonant tunneling diode and its integration circuit is a advance progress in this area.


Genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the Val-9Ala polymorphisms in the mitochondrial targeting sequence leading the manganese superoxide dismutase gene as well as associations with their superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant status of healthy Thai subjects were determined. The Val-9Ala polymorphisms in MTS-MnSOD gene of 221 healthy Thais including 135 females and 86 males were genotyped by a real-time PCR using protocol and all reagents of TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Demonstration Kit (PE Applied Biosystem, USA). The SOD activity of whole blood cells and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) of each subject were assayed manually using protocol and all reagents of RANSOD and TAS kits (Randox Laboratories,UK) respectively.  The Val/Val, Val/Ala genotypes and the Val allele frequency were found to be predominant rather than the Ala/Ala genotype and the Ala allele frequency in healthy Thai subjects both females and males similar to those previous reports of healthy Chinese, Japanese and Korean subjects. The average values of SOD activity and TAS level in healthy Thais were 2,129.±778 U/g Hb and 1.27±0.26 mmol/L respectively. The association of each genotype with SOD activity as well as TAS levels of Thai females and males showed that  the average values of SOD activity and TAS in healthy Thais with the Val/Val and the Val/Ala genotypes were not statistically different (p>0.05) and not lower than those of the Ala/Ala genotypes.  In conclusion, the predominant genotypes were the Val/Val and the Val/Ala and they were not associated with low levels of SOD and TAS.


Lean Manufacturing is a century old concept, initially developed by the Toyota Company. The word lean is ubiquitous but it can be diversely explained. The most common definition of lean is to be highly responsive to customer demand by reducing waste. The word Lean Manufacturing is synonymous with Agile Manufacturing, Just-In-Time or the Toyota Production System. The primary aim of Lean is to reduce waste from the Value Stream of an organization and according to the pioneer of Lean, Taiichi Ohno, waste can be categorized into seven categories. Through the elimination of waste, lean manufacturing helps in increasing productivity, improving quality, as well as reduction of cycle time, all of which contribute to improved profitability of the institution. The aims of this study are to use Lean methodologies to improve productivity through multi-skilling of operations, reduce waste from the value stream and decrease the dynamic cycle time, improve quality and reduce defects. Through the survey questionnaire, the value streams of the Mauritian Textile Industries were analyzed for non-value-added activities, and these wastes were subsequently reduced from the process. The main gains of this study were to help the Mauritian Textile companies gain competitive advantage and survive in this tough market.


ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the dimensions of the RE-AIM model from the perspective of telephone-based educational programs on diabetes, considering the experience of researchers from a public university in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Method: this reflexive study presents an analysis of the dimensions of the RE-AIM model and the validity of its Brazilian version concerning the dimensions: reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of results obtained by the study Telephone Support for the Follow-up of Diabetes Mellitus. Results: the analysis shows that the five dimensions provide information concerning factors that may affect the success of a program in clinical practice; that reaching the population remains a challenge; and that efforts should be made to advance on the efficacy and maintenance of educational interventions. Conclusion: this reflection, based on the experience of telephone-based educational interventions for diabetes, can contribute to advance Nursing science in terms of methodological guidance to support the development of interventions and programs at the various levels of health care.


The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in the chemical conditions of lotic waterbodies in the two major ecosystems in Nigeria, the forest and savanna zones. The forest waters were slightly acidic (mean±SD pH = 6.72±0.58) while the savanna waters were slightly alkaline (pH = 7.11±0.33). The cationic order of dominance in the forest waters was Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ in contrast to Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ in savanna waters. The forest waters were chlorided (typical of coastal and/or marine waters) whereas the savanna waters were carbonated in nature, typical of the worldwide freshwater. Organic carbon was significantly higher in forest waters than in the savanna waters (p < 0.05) while nutrient compounds were significantly higher in savanna waters than in forest waters. The seasonal variation of the chemical parameters was generally more evident in savanna than in forest waters. The differences in water quality between the two major vegetation zones reflect the differences in the biogeochemical processes and nutrient cycling that characterise forest and savanna ecosystems.


The objective of this report is to analyse the security and privacy risks of email communications and identify technical countermeasures capable of mitigating them effectively. In order to do so, the report analyses from a technical point of view the core set of communication protocols and standards that support email communications in order to identify and understand the existing security and privacy vulnerabilities. On the basis of this analysis, the report identifies and analyses technical countermeasures, in the form of newer standards, protocols and tools, aimed at ensuring a better protection of the security and privacy of email communications. The practical implementation of each countermeasure is evaluated in order to understand its limitations and identify potential technical and organisational constrains that could limit its effectiveness in practice. The outcome of the above mentioned analysis is a set of recommendations regarding technical and organisational measures that when combined properly have the potential of more effectively mitigating the privacy and security risks of today's email communications.


Abstract The effects of starvation with regard to eating and storage qualities of iced fish and fish stored frozen have been established by descriptive sensory evaluation and analysis of total lipid content and fatty acid composition of the fillet. The results indicate that the eating and storage qualities of young, farmed rainbow trout will be changed by starvation. Starvation resulted in reductions of total odour, total taste, and juiciness. Furthermore, starvation caused a decrease in total lipid content of the fillet and a change in the relative distribution of saturated fatty acids (SAFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); MUFA decreased, while PUFA increased. Prolonged icing caused reductions of fresh odour, of fresh taste, and juiciness. Freezing and frozen-storage caused reductions of fresh odour and juiciness.


BEINART (Haim). — Records of the Trials of the Spanish. Inquisition in Ciudad Real. Vol. I. 1483-1485.  The Israel National Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Jerusalem, 1974. XXXVII + 638 pp.