1 The whole‐cell recording technique, combined with internal perfusion, was used to study the effects of intracellular Ca2+ buffering on fast, medium and slow after‐hyperpolarizations (fAHP, mAHP and sAHP) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurones in rat brain slices at room temperature. 2 The action potentials and the fAHP were unaffected by 100 μM to 3 mM concentrations of the internally applied fast Ca2+ chelator BAPTA. At higher (10‐15 mM) concentrations, BAPTA inhibited the fAHP and prolonged the decay of the action potential, suggesting that the corresponding large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels are located close to the sites of Ca2+ entry during an action potential. Addition of Ca2+ to the BAPTA‐containing solution (at a ratio of 4·5 [Ca2+] : 10 [BAPTA]) to maintain the control level of [Ca2+]i did not prevent the effects of high concentrations of BAPTA. 3 The mAHP, activated by a train of action potentials, was inhibited by internally applied BAPTA within the range of concentrations used (100 μM to 15 mM), and this effect could not be reversed or prevented by addition of Ca2+ to the BAPTA‐containing solution. The inhibition of the mAHP by BAPTA could also be observed after blockade of the hyperpolarization‐activated IQ type mixed Na+‐K+ current (also known as Ih) component of the mAHP by bath‐applied 3‐5 mM Cs+, suggesting that the inhibition of the mAHP by BAPTA is due to inhibition of the depolarization‐activated IM (muscarinic) type K+ current. 4 The sAHP, activated by a train of action potentials, was potentiated by 100‐300 μM internally applied BAPTA, both with and without added Ca2+. At 1‐2 mM or higher concentrations, the potentiation of the sAHP by BAPTA without added Ca2+ was transient and was followed by a fast decrease. With added Ca2+, however, BAPTA caused a persistent potentiation of the sAHP with more than a 10‐fold increase in duration for periods exceeding 1 h even at concentrations of the buffer as high as 10‐15 mM. Earlier reports showing a blockade of the sAHP by BAPTA, based on experiments without added Ca2+, were apparently due to a sharp reduction in intracellular free [Ca2+] and to a high intracellular concentration of the free buffer. 5 Internally applied BAPTA caused a prolongation of the spike discharge during an 800 ms‐long depolarizing current step. At 100‐300 μM BAPTA, but not at 1‐2 mM or higher concentrations, this effect could be reversed by addition of Ca2+. The effects of BAPTA on the spike discharge occurred in parallel with the changes in the sAHP time course, which was more prolonged at higher concentrations of the buffer. 6 The concentration‐dependent differential control of the three types of AHP in hippocampal neurones by BAPTA is related to modulation of intracellular Ca2+ diffusion by a fast acting mobile Ca2+ buffer.


Automatic classification of complex data is an area of great interest as it allows to make efficient use of the increasingly data intensive environment that characterizes our modern world. This thesis presents to two contributions to this research area.
Firstly, the problem of discriminative feature extraction for data organized in multidimensional arrays. In machine learning, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a popular discriminative feature extraction method based on optimizing a Fisher type criterion to find the most discriminative data projection. Various extension of LDA to high-order tensor data have been developed. The method proposed is called the Efficient Greedy Feature Extraction method (EGFE). This method avoids solving optimization problems of very high dimension. Also, it can be stopped when the extracted features are deemed to be sufficient for a proper discrimination of the classes.
Secondly, an application of EGFE methods to early detection of dementia disease. For the early detection task, four cognitive scores are used as the original data while we employ our greedy feature extraction method to derive discriminative privileged information feature from fMRI data. The results from the experiments presented in this thesis demonstrate the advantage of using privileged information for the early detection task.


Embodiments of the invention disclose an information processing method, an information processing apparatus and user equipment. The method comprises the steps of obtaining device information of an external device in an environment in which a user is located by the user equipment, wherein the device information includes function information and working state information of the external device; determining at least one virtual object in virtual presentation content at least according to the function information, wherein the at least one virtual object has a virtual attribute matched with at least one function corresponding to the function information; and determining a presentation attribute of the at least one virtual object at least according to the working state information. According to the technical scheme provided by the method, the apparatus and the user equipment, the sensual experience brought for the user by a virtual presentation device can be consistent with other sensual experience brought by the external device, and better immersive virtual reality experience is brought for the user.


The author reported a case of braintumor in a 18 years old girl, who had complained of vertigo, deafness and tinitus in the early stage, and then showed brain symptoms and died in 2 months. Autopsy revealed a glioblostoma arising from the cerebeilopontile angle of the brain. 1) This case was rare type of acoustic tumors. 2) This tumor was extremely malignant and very rapidly grew up the brain, and the symp-toms were very serious.


Holding negative attitudes towards parents can only undermine the quality of a child's education, says Helen Bromley in the first of new series.


AbstractThe problem of solar spectral radiation is considered in a layer-based model, with scattering and absorption parallel to the plane for each medium (cloud, ocean, or aerosol layer) and optical properties assumed to be vertically inhomogeneous. A new radiative transfer (RT) method is proposed to deal with the variation of vertically inhomogeneous optical properties in the layers of a model for solar spectral radiation. This method uses the standard perturbation method to include the vertically inhomogeneous RT effects of cloud and snow. The accuracy of the new inhomogeneous RT solution is investigated systematically for both an idealized medium and realistic media of cloud and snow. For the idealized medium, the relative errors in reflection and absorption calculated by applying the homogeneous solution increase with optical depth and can exceed 20%. However, the relative errors when applying the inhomogeneous RT solution are limited to 4% in most cases. Observations show that stratocumulus clouds a...


"Revegetating deteriorated range lands by sowing adaptable, nutritious, and palatable grasses is vital for adequate forage production in the Intermountain region, for profitable livestock raising, and as a safeguard against flood and erosion damage. The effect of serious droughts, greatly aggravated by overstocking, has resulted in the replacement of valuable perennial grasses by annual weeds and grasses that have much less value as forage for livestock or for proper soil protection. The abandonment of unsuccessful submarginal croplands has also added greatly to the vast acreage of deteriorated but potentially productive range lands of the region in need of revegetation. Proper guides and procedure for revegetating run-down ranges and abandoned dry farms by artificial reseeding are necessary to safeguard against costly pitfalls and to insure reasonable success. The procedures herein outlined are based on the experiences and research to date and should prove helpful to those administering range lands and producing livestock in the region comprising Utah, Nevada, southern Idaho, and southwestern Wyoming, commonly referred to as the Intermountain region." -- p. i


Molecular forces, such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, van der Waals and steric forces, are known to be important in determining protein interactions. These forces are affected by the solution conditions and changing the pH, temperature or the ionic strength of the solution can sharply affect protein interactions. Several investigations of protein crystallization have shown that this process is also strongly dependent on solution conditions. As the ionic strength of the solution is increased, the initially soluble protein may either crystallize or form an amorphous precipitate at high ionic strengths. Studies done on the model protein hen egg white lysozyme have shown that different crystal forms can be easily and reproducibly obtained, depending primarily on the anion used to desolubilize the protein. In this study we employ pyranine to probe the effect of various anions on the water structure. Additionally, lysozyme crystallization was carried out at these conditions and the crystal form was determined by X-ray crystallography. The goal of the study was to understand the physico-chemical basis for the effect of changing the anion concentration on the equilibrium form of lysozyme crystals. It will also verify the hypothesis that the anions, by altering the bulk water structure in the crystallizing solutions, alter the surface energy of the between the crystal faces and the solution and, consequently, the equilibrium form of the crystals.


Many questions have been asked about the translation of Isaiah 7: 14 in the Revised Standard Version of the Bible which was released in complete form on September 30, 1952. The words "young woman" appear where readers of the Authorized (King James) Version of 1611 and the American Standard Version of 1901 have previously seen the word "virgin." However, the American Standard Version has "maiden" in a footnote. It is amazing, that this translation should create so much excitement among Baptists. They of all people should not be surprised to find the term "young woman," since the Improved Edition of 1912, forty years before the Revised. Standard Version, translated the word involved "young" woman." The Improved Edition was popularly known as "the Baptist Bible," not only because of the fact that a group of Baptist scholars made the translation and that it was published by the American Baptist Publication Society, but also because the word "immerse" appears in parentheses after the word "baptize." Such distinguished Southern Baptist scholars as Dr. John R. Sampey and Dr. John A. Broadus were among the translators. The names of the other translators appear in the prefatory notes to the Old Testament and the New Testament. As far as the writer knows there .has never been any excitement about "the Baptist Bible" translation of Isaiah 7: 14. Why now when the Revised Standard Version gets around to the correct translations?


This study presents a numerical investigation on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow of a ferrofluid with Newtonian heating. The black oxide of iron, magnetite (Fe3O4) which acts as magnetic materials and water as a base fluid are considered. The two dimensional stagnation point flow of cold ferrofluid against a hot wall under the influence of the uniform magnetic field of strength is located some distance behind the stagnation point. The effect of magnetic and volume fraction on the velocity and temperature boundary layer profiles are obtained through the formulated governing equations. The governing equations which are in the form of dimensional non-linear partial differential equations are reduced to dimensionless non-linear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. Then, they are solved numerically by using the Keller-box method which is programmed in the Matlab software. It is found that the cold fluid moves towards the magnetic source that is close to the hot wall. Hence, leads to the better cooling rate and enhances the heat transfer rate. Meanwhile, an increase of the magnetite nanoparticles volume fraction, increases the ferrofluid capabilities in thermal conductivity and consequently enhances the heat transfer.


The aim of this paper is to analyze a new subclass of the knapsack-like ciphers, which is based on computations in the finite groups. Particular attention is paid to its representative built using diagonal groups and general linear groups over a Galois field. Within the scope of this work this subclass and its aforesaid representative are designated as "group-based knapsack ciphers" and "matrix-based knapsack cipher", respectively. The given cryptosystems deserve consideration in the context of the post-quantum cryptography, since the general knapsack problem is NP-complete. The investigated characteristics of cryptographic schemes comprise the ciphertext expansion coefficient as well as a performance of the encryption and decryption procedures. Building a group-based knapsack cipher faces the problem of choosing such underlying groups that would allow this cryptosystem to have good characteristics. Thus, the results of the analysis show that in spite of the acceptable aforementioned performance characteristics, the matrix-based knapsack cipher suffers from a large expansion of encrypted data. Therefore, this cryptosystem cannot yet be considered as the one of the most promising ciphers suitable for use in the post-quantum era.


In this paper, risk theory has been used in the management of water resources during drought period, and the corresponding indexes such as risk, reliability, resiliency and vulnerability have been given. In practice, these risk indexes can reflect the real detrimental level of drought from different aspeects.The method is simpler than system optimization, and is more convenient for water resources administrator to formulate and choice effective measures for drought management. This study can provide a new way for planning and management of water resources.


Although lethal drone strikes have become a central component of the U.S. campaign against international terrorism, the program remains a low salience issue with considerable bi-partisan consensus and a supportive U.S. general public. This article explains American attitudes toward lethal drone strikes by testing arguments based on partisanship and ideology, core values and abstract beliefs, and elite cues. Results suggest that respondent core values and governmental cues offer important insights. Consequently, the political environment under certain conditions may not frame important issues in such a way that the general public is likely to gain a knowledgeable understanding of the alternatives.


An experiment with the augmented NCⅡdesign was conducted for investigating the heterosis,combining ability and genetic model of five characters of maize ears.The results showed that heterosis the ear grain weight was the highest and heterosis the ear row number was the lowest.All characters are controlled by additive gene.The ear row number,grain number per row and ear grain may be selected in early generation;The ear length and ear diameter should be selected in later generation.The inheritance of the five characters of maize ears are not in accordance with additive-dominance model.The ear length had significant additive effect.The ear row number and ear grain weight had dominant and epistatic effect.The ear diameter and ear row number had significiant dominant effect.


A micro array represents thousands of gene expression levels across a few samples. Determination of an optimal set of features from such a high dimensional dataset requires a good feature selection method. Based on statistical significance of the features, an elimination of insignificant genes can be performed. However such methods lack biological validation. In this paper we propose a method where statistically reduced gene set is biologically verified with the help of Gene ontology (GO). With this verified feature set classification is performed on three micro array datasets using Support vector machine (SVM) and Random forest (RF) classifiers. The classification accuracy determined using same test sets for both without and with ontological verification are found to be significantly improved.


The paper refers to the case of a 63-year-old patient suffering from multinodular goiter which extended onto the thorax. One of its cervical nodes presented peripheral calcification in the form of a halo, a characteristic which renders it unusual.


The anadromous River Lamprey (Lampetra ayresii) is known to occur in North America from Alaska to central California, generally in association with larger estuarine systems (such as the Fraser River in British Columbia, the Sacramento River in California, and the Columbia River in Washington-Oregon; Vladykov and Follett 1958; Weitkamp and others 2015). Its occurrence in the Columbia River basin, however, has not been well documented. Although small numbers of juvenile (feeding phase) River Lamprey have been captured incidentally in the Columbia River Estuary (Bond and others 1983; Weitkamp and others 2012, 2015), there are few records of this species in freshwater (Kostow 2002). The farthest upriver report in the Columbia River basin is a March 1940 record at Bonneville (presumably at Bonneville Dam), 235 river kilometers (rkm) from the Pacific Ocean (Vladykov and Follett 1958). However, adult River Lamprey (117to 324-mm total length; Vladykov and Follett 1958; Bond and others 1983; Wydoski and Whitney 2003; Weitkamp and others 2015) are less noticeable than the larger Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) (700to 800-mm total length; Clemens and others 2010) and might spawn in deep water in large river systems similar to other lamprey species (Dawson and others 2015). Thus, even when abundant, they are rarely observed in freshwater (Beamish 1980; Beamish and Youson 1987). Furthermore, during its prolonged freshwater larval stage, it is difficult or impossible to distinguish River Lamprey, either morphologically or genetically, from the closely related and widely distributed Western Brook Lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) (Docker 2009). The nonmigratory, non-trophic adult Western Brook Lamprey (90to 180-mm total length) can be distinguished from adult River Lamprey by morphological and dentition characters (Wydoski and Whitney 2003; Docker 2009). There is a growing conservation concern for lampreys worldwide. Like other species, the River Lamprey is susceptible to various freshwater threats such as dredging and barriers to migration (Maitland and others 2015). The Columbia River Basin is currently fragmented by many mainstem hydropower, navigation, and flood-control dams, as well as numerous additional dams and irrigation diversions in tributary systems. Many of these dams do not provide fish passage and those that do are likely problematic for migratory adult lampreys (Moser and others 2015). Documentation of River Lamprey in the Columbia River basin would help inform management of this highly regulated system, as well as elucidate distribution patterns to aid conservation. A current effort is underway to increase the monitoring of outmigrating juvenile lampreys through the operation of salmonid smolt monitoring systems at mainstem Columbia River dams (Fish Passage Center 2014). Subsamples of juvenile (metamorphosed to outmigrating phase) and larval (unmetamorphosed) lampreys are collected, anesthetized, identified (to species for juvenile lampreys and to genus for larval lampreys), measured, and assessed for body condition. A putative juvenile (recently metamorphosed) River Lamprey was collected at the John Day Dam smolt bypass facility on 28 May 2013 from a sample time frame of 13:00 to 07:00. The fish was 144-mm total length and weighed 3.1 g. Its dentition pattern clearly distinguished it from the relatively more common Pacific Lamprey (Fig. 1). Pacific Lamprey have 3 large cusps on the supra-oral lamina, 4 pairs of lateral teeth, and 1 row of posterior teeth; whereas the River Lamprey has 2 cusps on the supra-oral lamina, 3 pairs of lateral teeth, and no posterior teeth (Wydoski and Whitney 2003). Its caudal pigmentation was likewise consistent with Lampetra spp. (Fig. 2, Fig. 3); lampreys in the Entosphenus genus possess a lighter caudal ridge, whereas the caudal ridge of Lampetra spp. is uniformly dark (Goodman and others GENERAL NOTES


DELIVERY OF USAID AID IN AFGHANISTAN, 2001-2017 by ABDULLAH BATAINEH May 2018 Advisor: Dr. Nadejda Marinova Major: Department of Political Science Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Afghanistan is currently foreign aid dependent. The US Agency for International Development (USAID) has allocated over 100 billion US dollars since 2001 for the development and modernization of Afghanistan. The United States has invested over 700 billion US dollars overall. There is a breakdown or a problem in USAID funding for Afghanistan, whereas not all the money allocated was utilized for intended purposes. Today Afghanistan remains a LDC, a least developed country, with extensive poverty, limited energy, poor infrastructure, and low literacy rates despite USAID and US spending and aid projects. This study examines examples of disconnects or the breakdown between funding and the fruition of intended modernization goals for Afghanistan. This qualitative dissertation utilizes primary reports from funding agencies including USAID, audits of projects, and formal inquiries. Additionally, the study utilizes respondent data completed by a diverse group of Afghan-born and American-born trained experts offering key information. These 28 individuals have insight into the political and economic impact of


In order to understand the originality of Hayao Miyazaki's works and the success due to this originality, our research examines the artist's early works and his life. Hayao Miyazaki produced his works, which are important milestones in the history of animation, one after another after the establishment of Studio Ghibli. Hayao Miyazaki's three important projects, in which we found evidence that he was involved and influenced his post-Ghibli projects, were analyzed using the iconographic and iconological analysis method. At the same time, these works and the writings related to the artist's life were also examined with comparative textual analysis and included in the scope of the study. In the research carried out with the descriptive method, besides the projects he worked on, the productions that Miyazaki reported that he was affected by his own statement and Miyazaki's relationship with these productions were examined. Another part of the study is the research and observations on how the events in the early period of his personal life affect his works after Ghibli. With this research, the process required for the formation of a master artist's work is examined through Miyazaki, one of the greatest masters of the art of animation.


The study examined the spatial assessment elevation-based flood risk level of communities and mitigation measures in the wetlands areas of Rivers and Bayelsa States, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. The study made use of the elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission, flood height and tidal inundation data to determine the flood risk levels of communities in the study location. Similarly, 400 copies of questionnaire were administered to the residents from the wetland communities using random sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the analysis. Findings revealed that majority of the coastal region in the study area is generally low lying and highly exposed to flood event. Results also showed that most communities in the Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Areas are very highly exposed which included Ahoada, Azagbene, Eben, Kpopkie, Owenegbene, Bisagbene, Ekeni among others while the very risk exposed communities included Okpogo, Ebubu, Aboigbene among other. Findings showed that damage compensation and government relief funds were the major ways used to tackle the negative impact of flood. The popular methods of flood abatement in the study area were restoring meanders in brooks and rivers and coastal wetlands protection. The study concluded that many communities in the coastal parts of Rivers and Bayelsa States in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria are highly prone to flood risk. The study recommended among others that the use of dam for flood abatement and prevention should be adequately established in the study area; and apart from embankment, other flood defense and control measures such as flood barrier, mobile flood wall, coastal sand supply, bypasses to safeguard wetlands, connect rivers to existing lake, dredging rivers, and river bed widening should be adequately put in place to reduce the levels of flood impact in the study area.


In this talk we introduce the sentence compression task, which can be viewed as producing a summary of a single sentence. An ideal compression algorithm should produce a shorter version of an original sentence that retains the most important information while remaining grammatical. The task has an immediate impact on several applications ranging from document summarisation to audio scanning devices for the blind and caption generation. Previous approaches have primarily relied on parallel corpora to determine what is important in a sentence. These include data intensive methods inspired from machine translation using the noisy-channel model and from parsing by treating compression as a series of tree rewriting operations. Our work views sentence compression as an optimisation problem. We develop an integer programming formulation and infer globally optimal compressions in the face of linguistically motivated constraints. We show that such a formulation allows for relatively simple and knowledge-lean compression models that do not require parallel corpora or large-scale. The proposed approach yields results comparable and in some cases superior to state-of-the-art. Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Edited by: Barbara Plank, Erik Tjong Kim Sang and Tim Van de Cruys. Copyright c ©2009 by the individual authors.


T o design and build a modern teaching hospital is a task fraught with endless difficulties. Until recently there was in this country an understandable dearth of experience and knowledge about the building of hospitals and medical schools. Even now there is an absence of reliable data about many important aspects. But a great mass of valuable information has in the past few years been collected from America, Scandinavia and other sources. Two things obviously required to be done: theories and projects had to be discussed by experts, and the results of such discussion had to be collated and made available. The University of St Andrews has done both. An International Symposium was held at Dundee from 12th to 15th July 1961 and the proceedings have now been published. All who had the opportunity to attend this excellent symposium are clearly much indebted to the University of St Andrews. So also will be the vastly greater number of those associated with the building of teaching hospitals who will derive encouragement from the pages of these attractively bound and conveniently designed volumes. It seems appropriate to complete the series of articles on hospital planning by giving a short account of at least some of the main papers presented at the symposium.


In this paper we consider the nonlinear subelliptic heat equations related to a system of vector fields.By choosing proper test functions and using contradiction arguments,a nonexistence theorem to the corresponding initial-boundary value problem is proved,thus the known results in Euclidean space are extended to the smooth vector fields satisfying H¨ormander's finite rank condition.


BST thin films of optimized target composition of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 have been deposited on Cr-Au coated Si substrate by Pulsed Laser Deposition technique with low substrate temperature of 100°C using different laser energies (250 mJ, 300 mJ and 350 mJ). The structural, morphological and electrical studies have been carried out for all the films. The value of dielectric constant and dielectric loss for the film deposited with different laser energies were in the range of 18–20 and 0.04–0.07 respectively. The thickness of the film was 0.4 μm. All the films show higher resistivity (∼107Ω-cm) and high dielectric breakdown strength (∼500 kV/cm). The observed results suggest that the low temperature deposited BST thin films are suitable for RF MEMS Switch application.


Diffusion processes have always played an important role in solid state research as they provide the quantitative basis for the fundamental understanding of the reactivity of solids. Today , various methods are available to investigate the transport of matter and charge in solids such as tracer diffusion, impedance spectroscopy, or NMR spectroscopy [1]. In addition, also optical spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the study of kinetic processes in solids. Heterogeneous as well as homogeneous reactions in both, crystals and powders can be investigated at high temperatures and variable partial pressures of oxygen. The present work shows how diffusion processes can be studied at elevated temperatures and various low oxygen activities by the use of optical transmission spectroscopy. A specially designed setup is used to perform measurements at temperatures up to 1573 K and different CO/CO 2 gas mixtures to control the concentration of defects in crystals. Our setup also allows quick changes of the gases at isothermal conditions. Diffusion processes in Co 2 SiO 4 single crystals have been analyzed in detail. The single crystals are dark purple colored. According to its orthorhombic structure, anisotropic diffusion can be expected for the cobalt ions located in the two different cation sites M1 and M2 of the olivine structure. Time and temperature dependent measurements using polarized light at a fixed wavelength of 430 nm for all three directions give evidence of anisotropic properties. For studying the kinetics of the redox processes in Co 2 SiO 4 , rapid jumps of up to two orders of magnitude in oxygen activity have been performed in a systematic way. The incorporation and removal of oxygen leads to the formation and elimination of defects in the crystal lattice. As major defects divalent vacancies in the cobalt lattice and Co 3+ on Co 2+ sites as electron holes have to be taken into consideration. The formation of defect species comes along with significant changes in optical absorbance. With higher a(O 2), the concentration of defects rises which can be observed by an increase in optical absorbance. At lower activities defect concentration decreases accompanied by a decrease in optical absorbance. A typical a(O 2)-jump induced relaxation experiment is illustrated in Fig. 1, where a(O 2) is varied from lg a(O 2) = −11.15 to lg a(O 2) = −12.25.


Instrumental measurements were carried out in different rooms and buildings in the city of Vladimir, new data on the statistical distribution of the parameters of volume activity of radon in indoor air in the city of Vladimir.


This writeup includes a very simplified development of a neutron model in sections 2, 3 and 4. In the actual Xyce neutron HBT model, the carrier densities are computed with a detailed analytical model. In the model presented in this writeup, the carrier approximations have been greatly simplified, and this leads to an expression very similar to that of standard bipolar compact models. Despite the simplification, this model has just enough complexity to explain why the Xyce and XPD models should require a different μ table, and this is explained in section 5. Note that parts of this writeup were originally developed to explain the differences between an early version of the compact neutron model (level=222) and a more recent version (level=333), but the arguments should largely apply to comparisons to XPD as well. The presentation of this simplified model poses the question, "why not simply use this model?", or, relatedly, "why not simply modify the recombination terms of an existing bipolar model?". There are various reasons why this simplified approach is not likely to be sufficient, and a few of these are explained in section 6. Finally, there is interest in adapting the compact model to include thermal annealing. Preliminary work will be described for this in section 7.


Objective To assess the predictive factors for subjective improvement with nonsurgical treatment in consecutive patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Materials and Methods Patients with LSS were enrolled from 17 medical centres in Japan. We followed up 274 patients (151 men; mean age, 71 ± 7.4 years) for 3 years. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the predictive factors for subjective symptom improvement with nonsurgical treatment. Results In 30% of patients, conservative treatment led to a subjective improvement in the symptoms; in 70% of patients, the symptoms remained unchanged, worsened, or required surgical treatment. The multivariable analysis of predictive factors for subjective improvement with nonsurgical treatment showed that the absence of cauda equina symptoms (only radicular symptoms) had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–7.31); absence of degenerative spondylolisthesis/scoliosis had an OR of 2.53 (95% CI: 1.13–5.65); <1-year duration of illness had an OR of 3.81 (95% CI: 1.46–9.98); and hypertension had an OR of 2.09 (95% CI: 0.92–4.78). Conclusions The predictive factors for subjective symptom improvement with nonsurgical treatment in LSS patients were the presence of only radicular symptoms, absence of degenerative spondylolisthesis/scoliosis, and an illness duration of <1 year.


Porous concrete is generally applied in noise barrier porous medium. Currently standard porous concrete has relatively low noise reduction and this will cause noise annoyance to resident and road users. This study aims to increase the noise reduction of noise barrier surface by replacing the natural aggregate with oil palm shell (OPS). The OPS is selected due high porosity characteristic and abundantly available. The objectives of the study are to determine the density, porosity, compressive strength and noise reduction capability of specimens and to evaluate the relationship between percentage of oil palm shell as aggregate replacement with strength and noise reduction capability. Specimens with mixture proportion of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% aggregate replacement were carried out with specimen of porous concrete without OPS replacement as control specimen. The results showed porosity content significantly escalated with the increase of OPS while the density become lesser. Consequently, compressive strength decreased as the content of OPS increased, due to escalated porosity. Except 75% OPS and 100% OPS, however the values obtained were still within the typical range (2–28 N/mm2). OPS replacement showed better noise reduction coefficient but there is no clear relationship between noise reduction and percentage of OPS replacement. In respect with the compressive strength limit for noise barrier porous surface (2 N/mm2), the highest noise reduction is given by the 25% OPS replacement with compressive strength of 3.07 N/mm2. This could be due to the microstructure of OPS which increased the entrapped air inside the porous concrete. Thus, porous concrete with 25% OPS replacement can be potentially applied in porous medium of noise barrier.


CHEMISTS ARE undeniably creative, but synthetically speaking they're fond of the familiar. That's one take-home message from a new study of the structures of nearly all the organic compounds in the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry. The analysis shows that "a relatively small number of framework shapes dominates organic chemistry," says research scientist Alan H. Lipkus, who carried out the study with Qiong Yuan, Karen A. Lucas, and other colleagues at CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society ( J. Org. Chem. , DOI: 10.1021/jo8001276). The results suggest that some areas of chemical "structure space" may warrant more intensive exploration. "We found more than 800,000 different framework shapes among the 24 million compounds we studied, and yet half of the compounds can be described by only 143 of those shapes," Lipkus says. The authors derived the frameworks by paring each molecule down to the shape of its rings and the linkers that connect them. Thus, ...


The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), in conjunction with MSB Energy Associates, conducted a study for the Boston Edison Demand-Side Management (DSM) Settlement Board on the potential for DSM renewables in the Boston area. DSM renewables are resources that can be used in a distributed utility approach to avoid transmission and distribution (T and D) costs, as well as costs associated with operating and building power plants. The results show that avoided costs in areas with deferrable T and D investments can be nearly twice as high as system-wide average avoided costs. As a result, renewable technologies that might not be considered cost effective as DSM under system-wide average criteria, can produce large shavings for the utility and its customers. Adopting a deliberate program designed to provide sustained orderly development of these renewables is essential in order for renewable technologies to achieve the maximum level of cost-effectiveness and net savings.


Faculty evaluation is a crucial component of human resource management in higher education institutions. One of the main issues of evaluation is how to assess overall performance of faculty members based on multiple criteria. In this paper, we propose a faculty evaluation index system by employing group Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) based on fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Specifically, after determining the criteria and attributes, the evaluation hierarchy is established. The weights of criteria and attributes are then calculated by the fuzzy AHP method. Employing the fuzzy AHP in group decision making facilitates a consensus of decision-makers and reduces uncertainty in decision making. The evaluation process can then be conducted by the use of the multiple criteria measurement method. A case application is also used to illustrate the proposed framework. The application of this framework can make the evaluation more scientific, accurate, and objective. It is expected that this work may serve as an assistance tool for managers of higher education institutions in improving the educational quality level.


Deterministic tree-based algorithms aremostly used to guarantee that all the tags in the readerfield are successfully identified, and to achieve the bestperformance. Through an analysis of the deficiencies of existing tree-based algorithms, a Q-ary search algorithm wasproposed. The Q-ary search (QAS) algorithm introduceda bit encoding mechanism of tag ID by which the multibit collision arbitration was implemented. According to theencoding mechanism, the collision cycle was reduced. Thetheoretical analysis and simulation results showed that theproposed MS algorithm overcame the shortcoming of existing tree-based algorithms and exhibited good performanceduring identification.


FDA has approved rivaroxaban tablets (Xarelto, Janssen Pharmaceuticals), a novel, once-daily, oral anticoagulant for the prevention (prophylaxis) of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may lead to a pulmonary embolism (PE) in people undergoing knee- or hip-replacement surgery. Xarelto is the only new oral anticoagulant with FDA approval for this indication.


A study of the diet of Hatcheria macraei caught in Chubut River, Bajada del Condor (43°31'21,12''S; 69°06'22,1''W) was performed in April 2000. The feeding regime of this Trichomycteridae agreed with the carnivorous bentophagous type, and the dominant preys of both adults and juveniles were chironomid larvae, tricopter larvae, and cladocerans. The adult specimens exhibited a more diverse diet than the juveniles.


The knowledge of health care workers about the use of antibiotics can
prevent the treatment less effective, the increased risk to the safety of patients and
the widespread resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the
knowledge level about antibiotics in health workers in PKU Muhammadiyah
Delanggu hospitals . This study is observational (non-experimental) by using descriptive method.
The tools used in this study was a questionnaire with the study subjects were
health personnel includes personnel pharmacy (18 respondents) and nursing
personnel (60 resspondents). Aspects of the determination of the knowledge level
of antibiotics in labor pharmacy include side effects, timing, classification,
contraindications, reconstitution, storage (place), storage (stability long time
used), resistance, route of administration, storage (temperature), spectrum,
storage (time expired) and dose. While the determination of the knowledge level
about antibiotics in nursing personnel includes resistance, dose, time of
administration, side effects, route of administration, the nursing process (nursing
interventions), spectrum, storage (stability of the length of time used), storage
(temperature), storage (time expired), reconstitution, the nursing process (nursing
assessment) and classification. The results showed the knowledge level of pharmacy personnel with good
category as (100%) and the knowledge level of nursing personnel with good
category as (81.67%), a enough category as (18.33%).


This study investigates how the major causes of death end active and inactive life among older Americans. Based on data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging, a multistate life-table model of individuals' age-graded mortality and disability experiences reveals that many, and sometimes most, of the deaths occurring among the elderly population happen when people are active relatively close to death. This pattern is especially evident for men. Despite differences between active and inactive elders of a given age in the length of inactive life, few differences occur in the causes of death. Simulations show that many of the gains in life expectancy via the reduction in major diseases are felt in terms of increased active life, especially among the young-old and men. These results point to possible mechanisms in which improvements in mortality extend active life.


In this paper,Kanai-Tajimi spectrum as earthquake random excitation is used and the spectral intensity parameter S0 is conducted by random extremum theory.And then the maximum response point of single degree system is calculated by random method.Based on this,the random response spectrum is deduced.With the help of Matlab,the S0 is further modified by the equivalence of the code response spectrum.Aimed at different sites and different design seismic grouping,the coefficients of correction are given at last.


The City of London has long attracted much academic and popular attention. However, little research has been done on the relationship between the City and the European Economic Community in the 1970s and 1980s, despite the accession of the United Kingdom in 1973. Based on archival material from central and commercial banks in the UK and France, this article explores the relationship between the City and the EEC, from the accession of the UK to the EEC in 1973 to the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, which was meant to be the year of the completion of the single financial market. The article explores two areas: the influence of the City on EEC financial regulation, and how this influence was exerted. It pays particular attention to two committees chaired by the Bank of England, the City Liaison Committee and the City EEC Liaison Committee, and to British banks. The article argues that if the EEC played a part in the formalisation of British banking regulation, the City also played a key role in shaping EEC plans for financial regulation.


In the process of monitoring the capacity of the B3 waste storage facility at PT Fadira Teknik, the manual method is still used to determine whether the waste load is full (ready to be disposed) or not. Where in the process, workers must come and look directly at the B3 waste storage area. This will increase jobs for factory workers because they must always monitor the level of B3 waste before or after carrying out work. Apart from being harmful to humans, the B3 waste disposed of from the factory is in the form of small particles such as invisible dust which can be accidentally inhaled by the nose or into the eyes of the workers. Therefore the aim of this research is to create a smart trash can system that can monitor the volume of B3 waste in the trash, where the trash uses the IoT (Internet of Things) system by utilizing the Arduino Uno component as a microcontroller and ultrasonic sensor to detect the volume of waste then sends waste volume data to the Blynk application via the internet network to display information on the capacity of the trash. The research method used is the experimental method starting from system analysis, system design, system implementation, testing and evaluation. Testing on this smart trash system uses black box testing with the results of these tests being quite good where each test case is as expected.


Mitochondria are responsible for some of the cell's most fundamental biological pathways and metabolic processes, including aerobic ATP production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In humans, mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to severe disorders of energy metabolism, which are collectively referred to as mitochondrial disorders and affect approximately 1:5,000 individuals. These disorders are clinically heterogeneous and can affect multiple organ systems, often within a single individual. Symptoms can include myopathy, exercise intolerance, hearing loss, blindness, stroke, seizures, diabetes, and GI dysmotility. Mutations in over 150 genes in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear genome are known to cause mitochondrial diseases and an additional ~1,000 nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins have the potential to underlie mitochondrial disorders but have not yet been linked to human disease. As a result, determining a molecular diagnosis for patients with suspected mitochondrial disorders remains a challenge. To improve our understanding of the genetic basis of mitochondrial disorders, we have developed a "Mito-Exome" sequencing approach that targets the mtDNA and the exons of nearly 1600 nuclear-encoded genes implicated in mitochondrial function, mitochondrial disease, or monogenic disorders with phenotypic overlap. We have applied this method to a diverse set of 102 patients referred to Massachusetts General Hospital with clinical and/or biochemical suspicion of mitochondrial disease. In addition to identifying pathogenic mutations in genes previously known to cause mitochondrial disease (e.g. NDUFV1, POLG2), our study has implicated several new or unexpected genes, including WFS1, HSD17B4, DPYD, and ATP5A1. However, the genetic basis of disease remains unclear for the majority of our patients. Our study demonstrates the strengths and limitations of next-generation sequencing approaches for the molecular diagnosis of suspected mitochondrial disorders. To infer the function of uncharacterized mitochondrial proteins implicated in our genetic studies, we have also developed a computational genomic approach utilizing protein homology and bacterial gene neighborhoods. This approach has implicated the uncharacterized protein C6orf57 in a role in succinate dehydrogenase, also known as Complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The computational and genomic approaches described in this dissertation seek to improve our understanding of mitochondrial biology and its relationship to human health and disease.


Personentransport- and -hebevorrichtung comprising a bottom-side chassis with wheels, as well as from this outgoing column as stand column from which preferably a receptacle such as seat belts for the transported person goes out, the device being movable by means of a motor on a floor, characterized in that that the device (10, 38) has a height-adjustable friction element (24) which is spaceable placed on the ground or to this is that the friction element (24) with which said driving motor (22) and forms a unit, that the led unit adjustable in height in the column (42) or outgoing in one of the column (18) guide is arranged adjustable in height that the unit can be raised and locked in a raised position by means of a handle (30) and that the unit (by means of a spring element 28 ) is acted upon in the direction of the bottom.


We report the synthesis of optically doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPs), with and without surface coating with the biocompatible polymer chitosan. Trisilanol was used to restrict the size of calcium phosphate in the nano-dimension. The diameter of the nanoparticles was found to be less than 200 nm. A powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) study demonstrated the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, largely matching with the XRD pattern of hydroxyapatite, which is the most common crystalline form of calcium phosphate. Upon fluorophore encapsulation in these nanoparticles, the optical properties of the fluorophore not only remained preserved, but also had enhanced stability against chemical quenching in comparison to its free form. In vitro analysis showed that these nanoparticles are taken up by cells, the uptake being enhanced upon coating with chitosan. No sign of in vitro cytotoxicity was observed in the dosages tested. Preliminary in vivo studies showed that oral administration of these nanoparticles in healthy Wistar rats, at a dose of 2000 mg kg−1, did not result in any visible sign of acute toxicity. These results highlight the potential for CPs to be used as safe and efficient agents for optical bioimaging and drug delivery.


The Time-Series models have been used to make predictions in whether forecasting, academic enrollments, etc. Song & Chissom introduced the concept of fuzzy time series in 1993. Over the past 19 years, many fuzzy time series methods have been proposed for population forecasting. But the forecasting accuracy rate of the existing methods is not good enough. These methods have either used actual population or difference of population as the universe of discourse. And either used frequency density based partitioning or nature- ratio based partitioning. In this paper, we proposed a method based on fuzzy time series, which gives the higher forecasting accuracy rate than the existing methods. The proposed method used the percentage change as the universe of discourse and mean based partitioning. To illustrate the forecasting process, the historical population of Azerbaijan is used.


Zika virus tested in human brain organoids The pernicious and resilient Aedes mosquito is rapidly spreading Zika virus (ZIKV) through the Americas. ZIKV infection mostly causes mild disease, but in some patients, nervous system involvement is indicated. A particular worry is an observed correlation between infection of mothers in the first trimester of pregnancy and microcephaly in newborns. Garcez et al. tested the effects of ZIKV compared with dengue virus infection on human neural stem cells grown as organoids. ZIKV targeted the human brain cells, reduced their size and viability in vitro, and caused programmed cell death responses. Science, this issue p. 816 Zika virus infection in cell culture models damages human neural stem cells to limit growth and cause cell death. Since the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), reports of microcephaly have increased considerably in Brazil; however, causality between the viral epidemic and malformations in fetal brains needs further confirmation. We examined the effects of ZIKV infection in human neural stem cells growing as neurospheres and brain organoids. Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, we showed that ZIKV targets human brain cells, reducing their viability and growth as neurospheres and brain organoids. These results suggest that ZIKV abrogates neurogenesis during human brain development.


The present invention relates to a dual-arm star polylactide - dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate amphiphilic block copolymer and the preparation method of polymethacrylic acid, to synthesize a first surface of the rear arm cationic group-containing nucleus, the structure of the hydrophobic core of the star amphiphilic polymers. Butynol esterification with 2-bromo isobutyryl bromide reaction product, 2-bromo-isobutyrate butynyl ester as the initiator, cuprous bromide 1,4,7,10,10- hexamethyl triethylenetetramine tetramine catalytic system synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization terminal alkyne-containing functional groups of poly-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; azide to tribromoneopentyl alcohol as an initiator, stannous octoate as catalyst propyl ring-opening polymerization of lactide synthesis of azide functional group of the polylactic acid, the resultant product with terephthaloyl chloride synthesized esterification reaction both ends containing an azide functional group of the polylactic acid; poly dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methacrylic arm polylactic acid conjugated with an azide functional group, to give A2 (B3) 2 star-type polylactic acid - polymethacrylic acid amphiphilic block copolymer dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Preparation of the copolymer of the present invention has good compatibility, good stability, a potential vector carrying the same gene and the drug has a good prospect in terms of antineoplastic carrier.


The development of electrical conductivity in oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber as a function of heat‐treatment temperature has been studied for heat‐treatment temperatures in the range 710–950 K. By means of a study of conductivity versus measurement temperature, it is shown that PAN heat treated in vacuum in this temperature range is a semiconductor. The room‐temperature conductivity is dominated by the contribution of impurities. The activation energy for the formation of the impurities that contribute to the conductivity is 88 kcal/mole. Electron‐spin resonance (ESR) measurements have also been made on these fibers. Studies of the variation of the ESR absorption intensity with temperature reveal that the ESR signal can be analyzed in terms of two components: localized spin centers and charge carriers. The charge‐carrier component of the ESR signal is interpreted as being due to the formation of metallic conduction pathways in the polymer. Both the electrical conductivity and the ESR absorption in...


The purpose of this work was the study of the direct results of the surgical treatment of 143 patients with rectal cancer, carried out in the clinic during last 2 years. In cases of rectosigmoid tumors and tumors of the upper-ampullar divisions of rectum front resection with the imposition of colorectal anastomosis was performed. In cases of tumors of middle-ampullar division low resections with the imposition of preventive colostomy were used. In cases of tumors of the low-ampullar division of rectum recently the abdominal-anal resections are predominantly used. The frequency of postoperative complications is 18,1%, postoperative lethality 4,2%.


Objective To observe the curative effect of combination of routine medications and spironolactone on chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods Forty patients with CHF,whose cardiac function levels were between Ⅲ and Ⅳ,were randomized into therapy group and control group,with twenty patients in each group.The patients in control group were treated with routine medications,and the other patients were treated with combination of routine medications and spironolactone.After eighteen weeks' treatment,the changes of cardiac function,inner diameter of left ventricle at the end of diastole,and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of all the patients were observed.Results The overall efficacy rate of therapy group was 95.0%,much higher than that of comparison group (65.0%,P0.05).After treatment,the difference of inner diameter of left ventricle at the end of diastole and LVEF of therapy group were significant,compared with those of comparison group (P0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of combination of routine medications and spironolactone on CHF is good,spironolactone plays an important role in the therapy of CHF.


Relates to a novel method of producing beta (β-amyloid) peptide, specifically, 1) amyloid-amyloid present invention with ubiquitin (ubiquitin) as a fusion partner protein connect the beta-peptide gene in the 3'-end of the ubiquitin gene preparing an expression vector comprising a fused gene; 2) preparing a transformant by introducing the expression vector into a host cell; 3) from the body transfected conversion ubiquitin-purifying by expressing a beta-peptide fusion protein-amyloid; 4) amyloid from the fusion protein by treating the ubiquitin cleavage enzyme in the fusion protein comprising the steps of separating the beta peptide; And 5), the amyloid, including the step of purifying the amyloid beta peptide in the separation from the enzyme reaction solution - relates to a process for preparing a beta-peptide. The production method of the present invention using ubiquitin as a fusion partner protein amyloid-effective mass production of the beta-peptide-amyloid that due to an insoluble and cohesive during chemical synthesis of beta peptide solve the problems such as low yield, high cost and structural stability decreases to may be useful.


Sports industry cannot be purely economic activity.It is bound to contain a certain amount of moral val ues.Adopting literature study and other research methods,based on economic ethical perspective,this paper ex plains concept,connotation and significance of moral capital.It further analyzes the need of moral capital in the de velopment of the sports industry and elaborates its function and role in sports production,distribution,exchange and consumption.It proposes that by improving laws and regulations,creating modern sports enterprise culture,strengthening supervision by public opinion,enhancing the moral qualities of individual in sports industry can culti vate the moral capital.


A recent inelastic x-ray scattering study [Manley et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 132301 (2012)] reveals that the phonon dispersion curves of PuO2 is considerably consistent with our previous density functional +$U$ results [Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 144110 (2010)]. Here in the present work, using the same computational methods, we further obtain the phonon dispersion curves for \alpha-Pu2O3. We find that the Pu-O bonding is weaker in \alpha-Pu2O3 than in fluorite PuO2, and subsequently a frequency gap appears between the vibrations of oxygen and plutonium atoms. Based on the phonon dispersion curves and Helmholtz free energies of PuO2 and \alpha-Pu2O3, we systematically calculate the reaction energies for the transformations between Pu, PuO2, and \alpha-Pu2O3. It is revealed that the thermodynamic equilibrium of the system is dependent on temperature as well as on the chemical environment. High temperature and insufficient oxygen environment are in favor of the formation of \alpha-Pu2O3.


Drawing on the resource based view theory; an inquiry is initiated to establish the mediating effect of strategic capability on the association between knowledge management practices and non-financial performance. The study is necessitated by the gap in previous literature in which express studies on the relationship between knowledge management and non-financial performance, mediated by strategic capabilities are increasingly hard to come by. It is hypothesized that strategic capability has no mediating effect on the relationship between knowledge management and non-financial performance. To test the hypothesis, a survey of 75 family firms in Migori County, Kenya is carried out. Descriptive and inferential statistics (α = 0.05) are affected. Findings suggest that strategic capability mediate the relationship between knowledge management and non-financial performance. On the theoretical front, the study adds to the debate on strategic capabilities by showing that a firm's valuable, rare, non-imitable, and non-substitutable resources can jumpstart an enterprise's non-financial performance. Moreover, on the practical level, the study supports firm level activities, for instance firm productivity, core competences and marketing effectiveness.


The complex and diverse nature of biological systems has been a compelling force in the development of separative, analytical methods for molecular analysis. As a means to this end, many techniques have been conceived, developed and marketed. and several of these have evolvcd into routine analytical methods for diagnostic medicine and the basic research sciences. One of the landmark developments for the analysis of complex mixtures has been the concept of electrophoresis. This technique was conceived almost a half century ago and has since become a principal method for studying the physicochemical properties of proteins, peptides and other macromolecules. Electrophoresis is a separation technique based on the migration of charged molecules in a solution to which an electric field is applied. Under these conditions, separation is attained based on the fact that different molecules migrate to the appropriate electrode at different rates. dependent on their charge, size and shape. The application of this technique to proteins was first demonstrated by the pioneering experiments of Tiselius in 1937 with the separation of several human serum proteins; albumin, m-, pand y-globulin('). Since then, electrophoretic methods have become more sophisticated and diversified. Evaluation of recent literature highlights the indispensable nature of electrophoresis; some form of electrophoretic separation is used in almost every as ect of basic or applied


In criminal procedure,the establishment and systematic development of procedural sanction theory not only embodies the notion of procedural justice and the value of the procedural independence,but also provides a theoretical basis for constructing the mechanism to contain and prevent the procedural violations.However,enough reflections and examinations reveal that: in theory,the procedural sanction in our country is lacking in such qualities as self-consistency and foresights,and in practice it is found to be inadequate when dealing with procedural violations that are covert,committed at random,and not intended for prosecution and trial.Accordingly,the construction of a comprehensive mechanism addressing procedural violations presupposes due revisions of the procedural sanction.


Digital user experiences are a mainstay of modern communication and commerce; multi-billion dollar industries have arisen around optimizing digital design. Usage analytics and A/B testing solutions allow growth hackers to quantitatively compute conversion over key user journeys, while user experience (UX) testing platforms enable UX researchers to qualitatively analyze usability and brand perception. Although these workflows are in pursuit of the same objective - producing better UX - the gulf between quantitative and qualitative testing is wide: they involve different stakeholders, and rely on disparate methodologies, budget, data streams, and software tools. This gap belies the opportunity to create a single platform that optimizes digital experiences holistically: using quantitative methods to uncover what and how much and qualitative analysis to understand why. Such a platform could monitor conversion funnels, identify anomalous behaviors, intercept live users exhibiting those behaviors, and solicit explicit feedback in situ. This feedback could take many forms: survey responses, screen recordings of participants performing tasks, think-aloud audio, and more. By combining data from multiple users and correlating across feedback types, the platform could surface not just insights that a particular conversion funnel had been affected, but hypotheses about what had caused the change in user behavior. The platform could then rank these insights by how often the observed behavior occurred in the wild, using large-scale analytics to contextualize the results from small-scale UX tests. To this end, a decade of research has focused on interaction mining: a set of techniques for capturing interaction and design data from digital artifacts, and aggregating these multimodal data streams into structured representations bridging quantitative and qualitative experience testing[1-4]. During user sessions, interaction mining systems record user interactions (e.g., clicks, scrolls, text input), screen captures, and render-time data structures (e.g., website DOMs, native app view hierarchies). Once captured, these data streams are aligned and combined into user traces, sequences of user interactions semanticized by the design data of their UI targets [5]. The structure of these traces affords new workflows for composing quantitative and qualitative methods, building toward a unified platform for optimizing digital experiences.


Low-loss waveguiding at lambda = 1.3 microm has been observed in a partially strained, 10-microm-thick, single-crystal layer of Ge(0.1)Si(0.9) grown by chemical-vapor deposition upon an intrinsic (100) silicon substrate. The TM-mode propagation loss in the multimode planar guide was 1.9 dB/cm.


LIVESTOCK play an essential role in food production and are likely to do so for some time to come. Demand for livestock products may be stagnating in the developed world but, in developing countries, where many people depend on animals for transport as well as food, demand is likely to increase. According to the report of a study presented at an assembly of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in Paris this week, a shortage of veterinarians in many countries is limiting development and putting global food security at risk.* One hundred and eight of the OIE'S 178 member countries took part in the study, which assessed the numbers of public and private veterinarians involved in food production. More than half of the participating countries reported that they had fewer than 35 public sector veterinarians per million inhabitants, and fewer than 100 private sector veterinarians per million inhabitants involved in the food chain. According to Dominique Martinez of the French agricultural research organisation CIRAD, who coordinated the study, 'Veterinary activities are deployed at each stage in the food chain: production at farm level, processing, transport and distribution at the local and national level or for export. When veterinarians are too few to pursue their duties then the whole food security and food safety systems are affected.' The study also examined the animal health infrastructure in the countries surveyed. Although all the countries had established an institutional, legislative and technical framework for organising veterinary activities, there was a marked countries, the OIE report is relevant in a UK context, and not just because infectious diseases and food security are global issues and so in that sense everyone is in it together. Concern about the level of veterinary involvement in food production is not confined to the developing world. Indeed, it was concern about a shortage of farm animal vets that led to the establishment of the Veterinary Development Council in the UK, which is currently looking at ways of increasing veterinary involvement in the food chain (see p 554-555 of this issue). Meanwhile, with funding for surveillance and state veterinary services being squeezed in the UK, and the way animal health and welfare are paid for likely to change with the introduction of new arrangements for sharing responsibilities and costs, it provides a pertinent reminder of the importance of such activities, which should not be taken for granted. The OIE paper also draws attention to the veterinarian's role in helping to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production and this, too, is an area to which more attention should be devoted in the future.


The recent public scrutiny of errors in radiation therapy has underscored the need for incident reporting and classification mechanisms in the field. Several such systems have been proposed by various national and international organizations. The utility of any incident classification scheme ultimately will depend on how uniformly the system can be used and interpreted. Here we present a systematic assessment of these incident classification systems. Three different incident classification schemes were used in this evaluation. The Autorite de Surete Nucleaire together with the Socitete Fracaise de Radiotherapie Oncologique (ASN-SFRO)); the British Institute of Radiology (BIR); the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 100 (TG100). We have applied these severity rankings to incidents taken from a compendium of errors published by the World Health Organization (WHO). This compendium provided the details for twenty radiotherapy incidents and twenty-eight "near-misses". Six individuals were asked to rank each of these incidents using each of the three classification schemes. Study participants included four physicists and two radiation oncologist. The Friedman test was applied to test the null hypothesis that the rankings are consistently applied by all observers. The results suggest that the six rankers did not apply the ranking method consistently. This suggests that more quantitative methods are needed to score radiotherapy incidents such that better consistency can be achieved in incident reporting.


A 65-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department at 10:00 a.m. with abrupt onset of slurred speech and right arm weakness the previous night and no improvement today. She has a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals a small acute ischemic lesion in the left basal ganglia.

### Initial Evaluation

The diagnostic evaluation (Figure) after an acute ischemic stroke should be initiated urgently, because the highest risk period for recurrent stroke is the first few days after the initial event. Identification of the most likely cause as well as risk factors for recurrent ischemic events is the objective of this evaluation. An MRI1 of the brain is the most sensitive imaging study to detect an acute ischemic stroke. An MR angiogram (MRA) of the cervical and intracranial vessels can be included to help identify relevant cerebrovascular lesions. If MRI is not available, a computed tomography (CT) combined with CT angiogram (or cervical ultrasound) can be used for initial diagnostic assessment. Based on the results of the initial neuroimaging studies, the stroke can be classified into preliminary diagnostic categories: large vessel occlusion, small vessel occlusion, potential cardioembolic, or unknown/other.2 If there is no relevant large vessel lesion (such as an ipsilateral carotid stenosis) and the ischemic stroke does not appear to be lacunar (small maximal diameter and subcortical location), then additional evaluation to look for a cardioembolic source should be performed; diagnostic options include a 12-lead ECG, a transthoracic or transesophageal echo,3 and longer term cardiac monitoring for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. We will focus on prevention of recurrent stroke of atherothrombotic (noncardioembolic) origin.

Figure.
Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm of atherothrombotic stroke. CT indicates computed tomography; CTA, CT angiogram; MRA, magnetic resonance angiogram; and MRI, MR imaging.

### Management of Risk Factors

Risk factor modification is a key component of secondary stroke prevention; …


"We believe that our study underscores the importance of improving dissemination of the guidelines and their implementation and uptake in practice," says researcher Nikhil Waingankar, MD, MSHP.


In view of the location problem of logistics nodes,the paper proposes to establish a mathematical model that aims at the minimization of the cost of transportation,warehousing,handling,and construction,etc.,and employs the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO) for its solution.In the paper,the PSO algorithm is modified by the introduction of inertia weight which could adjust the algorithm so that it would decrease linearly with iteration,resulting in good convergence.Finally a numerical study with the data obtained from a certain enterprise M is carried out,with reults showing that the improved PSO algorithm is efficient in obtaining the optimal solution and manifests satisfactory convergence in the process.


The article describes the methodology of teaching one of the major topics of the course of complex analysis using the system Maple. It also demonstrates how the use of computer mathematics systems facilitates the evaluation of students by the teacher during organization of independent work.


The need to bring religion into our teaching of race and white supremacy is critically important, but by simply naming it, we take the first step in inviting our students to understand the how's and why's of it. The pedagogy of naming described herein, which is inspired by the #BlackLivesMatter movement, is theoretically grounded in the theory of signification and counter-signification developed by scholars of religion, Charles H. Long and Richard Brent Turner. I explore how the act of naming, as a form of signification, can be employed to heuristically structure intersectional considerations of religion in the teaching of a Black Lives Matter course. Specifically, the study draws upon teaching units from my Black Lives Matter course in order to address how a critical analysis of Christian privilege and Christonormativity, Islam, and religious history can figure into critical engagements with race and white supremacy.


An important question with respect to the performance of the interferometric cartwheel and similar bistatic SAR systems, is whether the ambiguities combine coherently and introduce artifacts in the resulting interferograms. We here review the theoretical behavior of range and azimuth ambiguities and extend the description to the case of non-zero Doppler processing. Simulation results confirm that ambiguities cannot significantly degrade the performance of an L-band interferometric cartwheel


Objective
To compare the ultrasonic, Er, Cr: YSGG laser and Er: YAG laser-assisted 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution on the bactericidal effect of Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) biofilm on the root canal surface and E.faecalis in different depth from dentinal tubules in the apical region.

Methods
Forty-two single mandibular premolars were used to establish a root canal model of E.faecalis biofilm infection. Two teeth were determined by digital randomization method to establish the model of infection of E.faecalis. The remaining 40 teeth were divided into 5 groups according to the principle of random comparison by digital random method as well as 8 in each group. The groups were: Positive Control: group A: 5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA springed, Negative Control: group B: physiologic saline springed, group C: ultrasound + 1% NaOCl, group D: Er: YAG laser + 1% NaOCl, group E: Er, Cr: YSGG + 1% NaOCl. The data from each group were compared using the SPSS 17.0 statistical software for the homogeneity of the experimental data and the normality test to compare the relative sterilization rates between groups and groups.

Results
(1) Comparison between groups: The sterilization rate of each group was compared. Group B (5.74%) <C group (69.70%) <D group (90.14%) <E group (99.25%) , All of which were lower than group A (99.95% of the positive control group) , and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05) . (2) Comparison within the group: Compared with the relative sterilization rate of dentin at different depths of 4 mm, the difference of antibacterial rate in different depths of group A and group C was statistically significant (P<0.05) .

Conclusions
Ultrasound, Er: YAG laser, Er, Cr: YSGG laser can enhance the root canal disinfection effect, and the difference between the two laser root canal disinfection effects is not statistically significant, both of which are better than 1% NaOCl ultrasonic washing.

Key words:
Root canal irrigants; Laser therapy; Ultrasonic therapy; Laser-activated irrigation; Passive ultrasonic irrigation


Abstract Planners use various terms—Hispanic, Latino, and Latinx—to refer to people of Latin American descent and from Spanish-speaking countries. Understanding the differences among these terms is relevant to planning given that Hispanics/Latin/o/a/x are a fast-growing group in the United States and terms have evolved over time and differ between users. I ask three questions: Why do planners need to better understand the ethnonyms Hispanic/Latin/o/a/x? How can planners understand the evolution of Hispanic, Latino, and Latinx terminology? Which strategies can help planners to decide which terms to use? Recommendations for practicing planners include hiring more diverse planners; developing a context-specific manual of style; organizing conversations with local organizations, their state APA chapter, or planning school about ethno-racial identity; mapping identities; and creating equity plans at the department or city level. By becoming more culturally competent, planners can plan for and with the Hispanic/Latin/o/a/x community more effectively.


The present invention relates to an apparatus for cultivating sea cucumbers using heterotrophic bacteria, and particularly, to an apparatus for cultivating sea cucumbers, which comprises: a water tank (110) storing breeding water; appressoria (120) on which sea cucumbers disposed in the water tank feed; and a Venturi system (200) for resupplying the breeding water into the water tank after the breeding water in the water tank has been suctioned and mixed with air, wherein the breeding water contains gold compounds to be consumed by the sea cucumbers while feeding. According to the present invention, by introducing gold compounds into breeding water in a water tank for cultivating sea cucumbers, sea cucumbers will naturally consume the gold compounds, thus enabling sea cucumbers containing gold compounds, which is beneficial to the human body, to be cultivated. In particular, according to the present invention, since the breeding water is not replaced, but is rather continuously circulated and used, the advantage of preventing waste resulting from replacing the breeding water can be achieved, even when gold compounds are introduced into the breeding water.


We study out-of-equilibrium dynamics of intense non-abelian gauge fields. Generalizing the well-known Nielsen-Olesen instabilities for constant initial color-magnetic fields, we investigate the impact of temporal modulations and fluctuations in the initial conditions. This leads to a remarkable coexistence of the original Nielsen-Olesen instability and the subdominant phenomenon of parametric resonance. Taking into account that the fields may be correlated only over a limited transverse size, we model characteristic aspects of the dynamics of color flux tubes relevant in the context of heavy-ion collisions.


Several experiments were carried out in lab to study the factors affecting hydrolytic-acidification during the treatment of wastewater in recycled fibers base mills.Batch tests suggested that it was suitable for acidification at pH 6~7,COD removal rate reached 50.6% at pH 7,the effluent COD obviously increased at pH 4.COD removal rate increased 10% with every 10℃ increased at 20~40℃.The effect of HA became worse at 50℃.Continuous-flow tests indicated that there was a increasing tendency for COD removal rate with longer HRT,and VFA concentration increased firstly and then decreased with the HRT continuously prolonged.HRT at 8 hours can be defined as the dividing point of two HA phases.


New measurement of the ratio of the double ionization cross section to that of the single ionization of helium induced by 2.0-7.5 MeV partially stripped Oq+ ion (q = 1,2,3,4) is presented. Combining the measured data with the Olson-Schlachter scaling, the double ionization cross section of helium by partially stripped oxygen ion is obtained. It is found that the v/qeff dependence of the obtained double ionization cross section agrees well with the (v/qeff)-4 law.


This research aims to advance performance of the single stage passive downdraft evaporative cooling tower (PDECT) and expand its applicability beyond the hot dry conditions where it is typically found by developing a design for a multi-stage passive and hybrid downdraft cooling tower (PHDCT). The proposed design cools the air entering the tower shaft in two stages, first using a sensible cooling stage and then using a direct evaporative cooling stage. Half-scale prototypes of these towers were built and tested in Tempe, Arizona during summer of 2017. Measurements were collected simultaneously from both towers to evaluate performance under identical conditions. Results indicated that the hybrid tower outperformed the single stage tower under hot dry conditions when sensible cooling was concurrently operating with evaporative cooling and fan. Additionally, it expanded applicability of downdraft cooling to hot humid conditions when sensible cooling and fan were operating without evaporative cooling.


The basic understanding of the genetic basis of cancer has increased greatly from 1984 to 1994. Many of the discoveries involve recombinant DNA technologies. This book summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular genetic basis of those cancers that concern the surgical oncologist.


In this contribution, magnetic nanocomposite particles of Fe3O4 cluster@SiO2 (MNPs) were functionalized with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxy-silane (EDS) to obtain amine-functionalized magnetic nanocomposite particles (AF-MNPs). Then, a novel nanobiohybrid magnetic adsorbent was developed by immobilization of the recombinant form of a rice metallothionein (MT) isoform onto the surface of the synthesized AF-MNP (MT-AF-MNPs) for the highly efficient removal of cadmium ions from aqueous media. The kinetic data for both AF-MNPs and MT-AF-MNPs were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The best interpretation for the equilibrium data was given by a Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum cadmium adsorption capacities for AF-MNPs and MT-AF-MNPs were 320 mg g−1 and 476 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption process for both nanocomposite particles was pH dependent and the adsorption capacity was found to decrease with decreasing of the pH. The cadmium-loaded adsorbents could be recovered readily by magnetic separation and regenerated easily by acid treatment. The continuous adsorption–desorption studies indicated that the AF-MNPs and MT-AF-MNPs retain 70% and 56% of their initial adsorption capacity after four adsorption–desorption cycles, respectively. The findings of the present work show the great potential of MT-AF-MNPs as an effective and recyclable adsorbent for the removal of cadmium ions from waste water.


THE SIZE OF THE CYLINDER GIVES DIFFERENT TEST RESULTS ACCORDING TO THE PARTICLE SIZE. THE USE OF A CONSISTENCY FACTOR IS RECOMMENDED, WITH WHICH THE PENETRATION RESISTANCE TEST WITH THE PROCTOR NEEDLE OR AN IMPACT PROBE YIELDS GOOD RESULTS. FORMULAE ARE GIVEN FOR CALCULATION OF THE QUANTITIES OF WATER, BINDER, AND SOIL OR OF THE DEPTH OF TREATMENT, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ANY OVERSIZE AGGREGATE. /TRRL/


, primäre - ,Turnorlike Lesions" - Schulter - Skapula - Hurnerus - Klavikula Primary Bone Tumors und "Tumorlike Lesions" of the Shoulder - Histo-Pathology und Imaging Features. Purpose of this review is to demonstrate typical X-ray-. CT-and MR-rnor-phology of primary bone tumors and "tumorlike lesions" of the shoulder in correlation with histopathology. 711 primary bone tumors of the shoulder and proximal humerus were studied. 602 were localized in the humerus, 90 in the scapula and 19 in the clavicula. The most frequent benign tumors were osteo-chondromas (n = 143). simple bone cysts (n = 115), enchondro-mas (n = 75) and aneurysmal bone cysts (n = 50). Fibrous dysplasia (n = 25), chondroblastorna (n = 15). osteoidosteoma (n = 13). giant cell tumors (n = 12) and non ossifying fibroma (n = 11) were less frequent. The rnost frequent rnalignant bone türnors were osteosarcoma (n = 72). chondrosarcoma (n = 52) and Ewing's sarcorna (n = 46). Focal plasmocytorna (n = 20) and lymphoma (n = 10) were less frequent. The average age of the patients was 31.5 years. Sorne of these turnors were typically located in the shoulder, i.e. simple bone cysts and chondrobla-Stoma. In sumrnary the shoulder was a rather infrequent site of


This paper presents a rapid method for the characterization of sulphonated condensationpolymerized products of phenolphthalein and dichlorodiphenylsulfone (PDC) membrane by using infrared attenuated total reflection (IRATR) and diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy. The subtraction spectra for SO3H were also given.\=\=


As a developed area, Suzhou has the specific condition and chance, characterized by industrialization,Each level of governments of Suzhou, on the basis of recent fast economical development, has strong finance power to support the construction of socialist countryside.The collective economic revives in the industrialization and urbanization and designs much institutional invention to make rural peeple richer. But there are still a lot of peasants need help.Nowadays, the different areas and various peasants have diversified living condition. The live far from the industrial center, do not have happy lives as the others. How should the government increase the financial support to improve them is the question waiting for answer. Comparing with other areas, the condition and circumstance of the construction of new countryside in Suzhou is the diversification of degree. So the problem and experience of Suzhou can help other areas.


With 3.40 g/kg of organic matter content on immature soil as initial value, the dynamics of soil organic matter were simulated under different management models with different crop rotations, yield levels and residue returning models. The results show that crop residue\|returning model is the key factor affecting the accumulating speed of soil organic matter and high cutting with combiner is an effective way of complementing the soil organic matter. Even if the best management model was adopted organic matter content could not been increased to current level of local mature soils in 8 years, indicating it will take long time to improve immature soil.


The interaction between electromagnetic field and structure of an electrical machine leads to its electromagnetically excited vibration.In order to evaluate the electromagnetically excited vibration,the electromagnetic field analysis and the structural vibration analysis of the electrical machine should be combined.A weak-coupled method for the electromagnetically excited vibration of an asynchronous electrical machine was presented here based on the finite element method(FEM).Firstly,a 2D FE-model for the electromagnetic field of the asynchronous electrical machine was built with ANSOFT software,and the time-varying magnetic forces exerted on the stator at a given rotating speed were calculated.Then,a 3D structural FE-model of the asynchronous electrical machine was formed with ANSYS software.After analyzing the harmonic response of the asynchronous electrical machine,the harmonics of the magnetic forces were calculated and corrected.These harmonic electromagnetic forces were exerted on the structure of the asynchronous electrical machine and its electromagnetically excited vibration was computed.Based on the analysis of the time-varying magnetic forces and the electromagnetically excited vibration,the electromagnetic parameters and the structure of the electrical machine could be improved and optimized to reduce its electromagnetically excited vibration.


A different application of the familiar integral representation for the modifed Bessel function drives to a new Kontorovich-Lebedev-like integral transformation of a general complex index. Mapping and operational properties, a convolution operator and inversion formula are established. Solvability conditions and explicit solutions of the corresponding class of convolution integral equations are exhibited.


The aim of the present work was to test the capacity of Octopus vulgaris to use carbohydrates supplied in three diets: a diet without added carbohydrates (diet C0: 500 g kg−1 water, 200 g kg−1 gelatine, 100 g kg−1 egg yolk powder, 50 g kg−1 freeze-dried Sardinella aurita and 150 g kg−1 freeze-dried Todarodes sagittatus) and two obtained by substituting 50 g kg−1 of T. sagittatus by glucose (diet GLU50) or by starch (diet STA50). The most stable and best-accepted diet was STA50 (SFR 1.26%BW day−1) although there were no significant differences in the growth rates obtained with the three diets: 10.12 g day−1, 9.37 g day−1 and 11.22 g day−1 for C0, GLU50 and STA50, respectively (P > 0.05). The feed efficiency indices were better for GLU50, of particular note being the protein productive value of 71.88% and a feed conversion ratio lower than 1. Protein and lipid digestibility were similar in all the three diets (96–98% for proteins and 85–94% for lipids), whereas carbohydrate digestibility was higher in GLU50 (98%) than in C0 (84%) and STA50 (0.33%). The content of carbohydrates increased in muscle and the digestive gland as a consequence of the increased carbohydrates intake.


Objective To understand Mudanjiang community health service medical personnel's organization pledge and the influencing factor. Methods The organization pledge meter was carried on the questionnaire survey to investigate Mudanjiang 326 community health service medical personnel. Results The organization pledge score of community health service medical personnel was 65.01, and it was influenced by job seniority, hospital's rank, assignment way and educational background (P<0.01, P<0.05) . Conclusions The community health service medical personnel's organization pledge is in the medium level, it should be enhanced by many kinds of incentive methods to stable medical troop.

Key words:
Community health service; Organization commitment; Influencing factor


The authors argue that the results of the post-1973 market-oriented urban policies in Santiago have been strongly conditioned by the "geographical resonance,...


This paper provides a strategy to create accurate and complete models of cable networks for voice and data transmission. Also, a model of the traffic generated in a fiber broadband access network is implemented, representing the use that network subscribers make of the system. Traffic models are essential for the performance evaluation of telecommunications networks. Broadband access networks need an accurate estimation to guarantee an acceptable Quality of Service (QoS) level to the subscribers. Therefore, traffic models need to be accurate and able to represent the statistical characteristics of the real traffic. The simulation of great networks with high traffic volumes requires the establishment of an analysis methodology to increase the efficiency in the simulator resources consumption, in order to minimize the simulation run time and the memory consumption without loss of precision in the results. The model developed uses the number of subscribers assigned to each return channel. The traffic in each return channel is obtained from the aggregation of the separated traffic streams originated by the user's applications executed. The results obtained in these processes can be validated using the real data provided by a fiber cable operator. For the accomplishment of the model, the OPNET simulation language has been used. The results have been exported to MATLAB, which permits the execution of all types of statistical analyses, with the aim of both making the verification of the results and the validation of the developed model.


We present an improved method for determining the mass of neutron stars in eclipsing X-ray pulsar binaries and apply the method to six systems, namely, Vela X-1, 4U 1538-52, SMC X-1, LMC X-4, Cen X-3, and Her X-1. In previous studies to determine neutron star mass, the X-ray eclipse duration has been approximated analytically by assuming that the companion star is spherical with an effective Roche lobe radius. We use a numerical code based on Roche geometry with various optimizers to analyze the published data for these systems, which we supplement with new spectroscopic and photometric data for 4U 1538-52. This allows us to model the eclipse duration more accurately and thus calculate an improved value for the neutron star mass. The derived neutron star mass also depends on the assumed Roche lobe filling factor β of the companion star, where β = 1 indicates a completely filled Roche lobe. In previous work a range of β between 0.9 and 1.0 was usually adopted. We use optical ellipsoidal light-curve data to constrain β. We find neutron star masses of 1.77 ± 0.08 M☉ for Vela X-1, 0.87 ± 0.07 M☉ for 4U 1538-52 (eccentric orbit), 1.00 ± 0.10 M☉ for 4U 1538-52 (circular orbit), 1.04 ± 0.09 M☉ for SMC X-1, 1.29 ± 0.05 M☉ for LMC X-4, 1.49 ± 0.08 M☉ for Cen X-3, and 1.07 ± 0.36 M☉ for Her X-1. We discuss the limits of the approximations that were used to derive the earlier mass determinations, and we comment on the implications our new masses have for observationally refining the upper and lower bounds of the neutron star mass distribution.


Benzylidenation of 1, 6-anhydro-β-lactose afforded 1, 6-anhydro-4', 6'-O-benzylidene-β-lactose (2) in 81% yield. Acylation of 2 yielded tetra-O-acyl-1, 6-anhydro-4', 6'-O-benzylidene-β-lactose [acyl=acetyl (3), benzoyl (4)]. Reflux of 3 with N-bromosuccinimide and BaCO3 in CCl4 and 1, 2-dichloroethane gave crystalline tetra-O-acetyl-1, 6-anhydro-4'-O-benzoyl-6'-bromo-6'-deoxy-β-lactose (5) in 52% yield. Catalytic dehydrobromination of 5 afforded crystalline tetra-O-acetyl-1, 6-anhydro-4'-O-benzoyl-6'-deoxy-β-lactose (6). Deacylation of 5 and successive reacetylation yielded 2, 2', 3, 3', 4'-penta-O-acetyl-1, 6-anhydro-6'-bromo-6'-deoxy-β-lactose (7). Dehydrobromination of 7 gave penta-O-acetyl-1, 6-anhydro-6'-deoxy-β-lactose (8). Heating of 7 and sodium azide in hexamethylphosphoric triamide afforded a mixture of crystalline penta-O-acetyl-1, 6-anhydro-6'-azido-6'-deoxy-β-lactose (9) (36%) and sirupy 2, 3-di-O-acetyl-1, 6-anhydro-4-O-(2, 3, 4-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-arabino-hex-5-eno-pyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranose (10) (34%). Compound 10 was also prepared by treatment of 7 in dry pyridine with silver fluoride. Acetolysis of 9, reduction of the azido group in the acetolysis product (11), N-acetylation, and finally de-O-acetylation afforded the title compound (13) as hydroscopic crystals, [α]24D+80°→+66.7°. In catalytic hydrogenation of 10 over Pd catalyst, 8 was the sole product in 90% yield. Over Pt oxide or Raney Ni catalyst, a low yield of 8 was effected with fairly amounts of unidentified sirup.


This paper focuses on localizing acoustic source using fuzzy logic. For this purpose, an array of microphones are used as sensors. The Time Delay Estimation (TDE) is performed by correlation between received signals from each pair of microphones. In this paper, instead of assuming a crisp value as a TDOA, we introduce fuzzy number of TDOA in which the absolute value of the cross correlation function is normalized and then assumed as TDOA membership function for each pair of microphones. Truth value of presenting acoustic source is computed in region of interest based on achieved TDOA membership functions. Computing this truth value is represented in this paper based on fuzzy logic. The location of acoustic source can be equivalent to the point where truth value of acoustic source presence reaches its maximum. At the end, simulation results show that utilizing fuzzy logic leads to robust acoustic source localizing in noisy environment comparing to other existing methods.


This investigation was carried out in the 1966-67 season to study the effect of photoperiod and relative humidity on the growth and flowering of sugarcane. ~hirty-four cane varieties, replicated 3 times, were potted on Aug 1, 1965. The first group was left, as control, to grow under natural conditions. The second was given thesexcess darkness treatment, whereas the third was treated with excess darkness plus misting during the daytime. The photoperiod treatment started on July 9th and continued for 85 cycles, with decreasing daylengths from 12 hr 23 rnin to 11 hr 55 min. Following this treatment the plants were kept under natural daylength. Night temperature inside the dark rooms was maintained above 70 F. From Aug 3rd to Oct 5th, 1966, the third group was given the high air humidity treatment in which maximum relative humidity was maintained around 93% by applying water in the form of a fine mist spray. The results indicated that either excess darkness or excess darkness plus misting during daytime promoted growth and flowering of canes compared to the control, the latter treatment being more effective. It was also observed that varieties differed in their optimum photoperiod and moisture requirements.


FIELD: radiography. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radiography, in particular to systems of digital image in x-ray and gamma-rays by means of multichannel semiconductor detector based on semi-insulating gallium arsenide. Semiconductor detector includes formation of semi-insulating i-area, which is based on gallium arsenide, compensated chromium, and metal contacts to it, between metal contacts and i-region of the semiconductor layer is formed, for example indium arsenide, with thickness less than diffusion length of electrons injected from metal contact in i-area, and reducing height of potential barrier contact metal-GaAs to energy of crystal thermal equilibrium, kT. Forming is performed by applying an indium layer on top of metal contacts to i-area and subsequent annealing of contacts in conditions sufficient for penetration of primary metal contact. EFFECT: proposed structure and method of making allow implementing principle of internal amplification in multichannel semiconductor detectors. 2 cl, 1 tbl, 2 dwg


• Observation of SERS generated by optical phonons in CdS quantum dots by surface phonons in ZnO • For CdS QD amplification factor reaches 730. • Double resonance conditions are observed • SERS is selective in relation to quantum dot size quantum number of localized modes


We present the method to obtain four speckle patterns with relative phase shift of π/2 by passive devices such as wave plate and polarizer, and calculate the phase at each point of the speckle pattern in shearographic system using Wollaston prism. And, we analyzed the phase error caused using wave plates by Jones matrix.