During the past decade there has been an elaborate program of public education in mouth hygiene by means of advertisements of various proprietary preparations. Some of the manufacturers sponsoring advertising campaigns have given particular emphasis to halitosis or fetor ex ore, calling attention to the social disadvantages as well as the health implications of this condition. The objective of the advertising propaganda is to educate the public in oral hygiene and to effect an increase in sales of a particular product. The latter objective is legitimate if the statements are not misleading and are substantiated by scientific evidence and if the product is beneficial to the public. In some cases the advertising propaganda has been offensive to professional ethics due to highly exaggerated claims and many unsubstantiated statements. This has brought the whole subject into disrepute with the truly ethical dentist. While there is no doubt that many people are afflicted with unpleasant breath, and are much concerned to reduce or eliminate this condition, unfortunately, there is little authoritative scientific evidence to support or refute the claims of manufacturers. The exact causes of this condition are not thoroughly understood nor has a detailed study of the results of various methods of control been made. In view of many conflicting statements and of the lack of any authoritative information regarding fetor ex ore, a comprehensive study of this condition, and the numerous variables that might influence it was considered desirable. In 1934, the osmoscope, an instrument whereby the odor intensity of air could be determined (1), was devised. This instrument made


Parents' education and household wealth cannot be presumed to operate independently of each other. However, in traditional studies on the impact of social inequality on obesity, education and financial wealth tend to be viewed as separable processes. The present study examines the interaction of parents' education and household wealth in relation to childhood obesity. Anthropometric measurement and questionnaire surveys were carried out on 3670 children (aged 9–12 years) and their parents from 26 elementary schools in northeast China. Results showed that the interaction term was significant for household wealth and father's education (p < 0.01), while no significant interaction between household wealth and mother's education was found. In a separate analysis, the interaction was statistically significant among girls for obesity risk based on BMI (p = 0.02), and among urban children for both obesity risk based on BMI (p = 0.01) and abdominal obesity risk based on WHR (p = 0.03). Specifically, when household wealth increased from the first quintile to the fifth quintile, OR for father's education decreased from higher than 1 (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.12–3.38) to non-significant for girl's obesity risk, from non-significant to lower than 1 for urban children's obesity risk (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.32–0.86 for the fourth quintile; OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19–0.73 for the fifth quintile) and from higher than 1 (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.04–2.05) to non-significant for urban children's abdominal obesity risk. These findings indicate that father's education level interacts with household wealth to influence obesity among girls and urban children in northeast China.


constriction such as Dr. Clharles Mayo hias recorded and which led him to prefer the anterior operation. This operation is well borne. In my' view the most important points in the teclhnique are: first, such infiltration anaesthesia as to give satisractory relaxation; second, sound closu-re of the duodenuin; thlird, great caLe in suture of the stomach to the jejunum with small suture gaps; fourtl, a watchful haemostasis throughout. In the cases recorded the post-operative recovery was free from conmplications, from undue shock, -from haemorrhage, and fromn vomiting. The post-operative treatment is as follows: Sterile vater is given at once and tile patient is encouraged to suck formalin tablets-tlhey allay thirst and keep tlle moutlh clean; on the second day milk, sterilized and'alkalinized; on the thiird dav anegg, beaten up aud divided, is added, and on this day medicine is started for the purpose of controlling the activity of the gastric juice-it contains bismutlh carbonate, magnesia ponderosa, and tinctura belladonnac. As the diet is increased powders are given in addition, consisting of calcium carbonate and maonesia. This operation is tlle oue to be cllosen in inveterate penetrating gastric ulcer. Whlether it is feasible in a given case cannot be decided until the abdomen is opened. Probably in 10 or 15 per cent. of the cases in wlliclh it is desirable it will prove to be not feasible. Some alternative will then lhave to be adopted. The real alternative is a transgastric operation (excision, or cauterization, or suture. or a comnbination of tlhese), together witlh gastro-jejunostomy. If thie stomach is so fixed that a posterior gastro-enterostomy is difficult, there is the valuable alterniative of pyloroplasty-Finney's operation. This operation, which I should perlhaps call gastroduodenostomy, ainms at relieving stasis and modifying tlle chemistry of tlle gastric secretion, as does gastro-jejunostomy. The best contribution to the study of the treatment of gastric ulcer, wlhether that treatment be surgical or medical, is the collection of careful records. We waut to appreciate the immediate risks of operative procedures, the early results, the late results. We want toknow mnuclh moie as to the persistence of the favourable results that are claimed for methods of medical treatment. Impressions and opinions are of little value to the argumcnt; tlhe question requires the same kind of lhandling as a laboratory problem, and similar methods of recording and analysing results.


To describe the experience of six hospitals in the management of COVID‐19 patients in rural areas through an assessment of proportions, types and clinical outcomes of remote clinical interventions.


Extending VoIP beyond Internet telephony, we propose a case study of applying the technology outside of its intended domain to solve a real-world problem. This work is an attempt to understand an analog hardwired communication system of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, and effectively translate it into a generic standards-based VoIP system that runs on their existing data network. We develop insights into the air traffic training and weigh in on the design choices for building a soft real-time data communication system. We also share our real world deployment and maintenance experiences, as the FAA Academy has been successfully using this VoIP system in six training rooms since early 2006 to train the future air traffic controllers of the U.S. and the world.


The present invention relates to an inverter unit (90) at least one output. The output terminal can be connected to the coil induction motor (13). The inverter unit (90) is provided for providing a plurality of voltage levels at its output.


Health education programs play an important role in shaping students' attitudes and behaviors towards various aspects of health and well-being. This study aims to analyze the economic implications and management strategies of health education programs in shaping students' environmentally responsible attitudes. Environmental responsibility has become an important concern globally, and education is recognized as a key factor in creating awareness and internalizing sustainable behavior. This research adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of economic impacts with qualitative examination of management strategies. The quantitative aspect of the research involved assessing the cost-effectiveness of the health education program, taking into account the resources invested, the benefits derived, and the potential long-term savings due to behavior change. This economic analysis provides insight into the financial viability and potential return on investment of such a program. A qualitative phase explored the management strategies used in a health education program to encourage the formation of environmentally responsible attitudes. Through interviews, surveys, and content analysis, this study investigates how program design, communication methods, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement contribute to program effectiveness. Results from this study are expected to reveal the economic benefits of health education programs that promote environmentally responsible attitudes in students. In addition, the findings will highlight management strategies that successfully increase the impact and sustainability of the program. By comprehensively understanding the economic dimensions and management aspects, educational institutions and decision-makers can make informed decisions regarding resource allocation and strategy implementation.


A book designed to capture the imagination of children and adults, and to promote drawing skills and self confidence. Lessons teach how to draw animals and monster, cowboys and clowns and funny family portraits, by adapting shapes and selecting from a menu of figures.


T-Lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) appears to be associated with factors known to be of bad prognosis in Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL). Acid phosphatase reaction (AP), a specific nonimmunological cytochemical marker for T-ALL was performed on peripheral blood and bone marrow slides of fifty children with ALL to assess the frequency of T-ALL in our population. Myeloperoxidase (P) and Alpha-Napthyl Esterase (NASA) were performed to exclude Acute myelocytic and Monoblastic leukaemia. A strong localised AP reaction in more than fifty percent of the blasts was taken as positive for T-ALL. Of the fifty cases studied 32% showed strong AP positivity in majority of the cells. These were negative for both P and NASA and showed varied Periodic Acid Schiff (P.A.S) positivity. This high frequency of T-ALL in our series may explain the poor response to therapy and high relapse rates observed in our population. (JPMA 35: 6, 1985).


We define the multi-layer resilient layer-1 VPN design problem, where the traffic matrix is given, and an optimal survivable VPN is designed by formulating the problem, first time, as an integer linear program.


A few years ago I attended a presentation at a mental health nursing conference, in which the speaker, Professor Philip Darbyshire, predicted that at some future date the profession of mental health nursing would face a fundamental challenge to its place in the health care system. Drawing on the experience of the taxi industry, Professor Darbyshire predicted that our Uber would arrive. There would be a new technology, a new alignment of stakeholders, a consumer revolt, or a new government imperative that would fundamentally change the game of mental health nursing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This paper highlights the use of Active Force Control (AFC) as a disturbance rejection scheme in
the motion control of mobile manipulator in 3D space to further enhance the robustness of the robot. The
simulation results were compared with the computed torque control scheme to benchmark the performance and
robustness of AFC. AFC creates a force or torque feedback within the dynamic system to allow the
compensation of sudden disturbance spike in the dynamic system, before passing the loop to the position and
velocity controller. Improvement of robustness feature in mobile manipulator can further enhance the capability
of the robot to perform outdoor tracking tasks, for example welding and spray painting, which are considerably
susceptible to environmental noises. In this simulation study, AFC outperforms its counterpart with
distinctively improved robustness feature in trajectory tracking.


One emphasis of weapon surety (safety and security) at Sandia National Laboratories is the assessment of fire-related risk to weapon systems. New developments in computing hardware and software make possible the application of a new generation of very powerful analysis tools for surety assessment. This paper illustrates the application of some of these computational tools to assess the robustness of a conceptual firing set design in severe thermal environments. With these assessment tools, systematic interrogation of the parameter space governing the thermal robustness of the firing set has revealed much greater vulnerability than traditional ad hoc techniques had indicated. These newer techniques should be routinely applied in weapon design and assessment to produce more fully characterized and robust systems where weapon surety is paramount. As well as helping expose and quantify vulnerabilities in systems, these tools can be used in design and resource allocation processes to build safer, more reliable, more optimal systems.


This study aim was to explore the application effect of computed tomography (CT) image segmentation based on deep learning algorithm in the diagnosis of lung cancer. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) convolutional neural network (CNN) and three-dimensional (3D) CNN fusion model was constructed firstly. Subsequently, 60 patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group to receive perioperative routine nursing and rehabilitation nursing, respectively. The results revealed that the Dice value (0.876), sensitivity (0.849), and positive predictive value (PPV) (0.875) of the hybrid feature fusion model (HFFM) constructed in this study for lung cancer CT image segmentation were higher than those of other models, and the accuracy rate for lung cancer diagnosis was 96.7%. After nursing intervention, the partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) in the control group were 80.54 mmHg and 39.81 mmHg, respectively, while those in the intervention group were 83.09 mmHg and 36.75 mmHg, respectively. After intervention, the maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) %, forced vital capacity (FVC) %, and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) %) in the intervention group were 76.03%, 82.14%, and 89.76%, respectively. It suggested that compared with the control group, the pulmonary function indexes of the intervention group improved significantly after nursing intervention (

 P

  < 0.05). In summary, the HFFM constructed in this study can be used for segmentation and classification of CT images of lung cancer patients, which can improve the accuracy of diagnosis and help improve the lung function and quality of life of patients.


Speed monitoring displays (SMDs) were installed in four reduced speed school zones in Utah in order to evaluate the effectiveness of these dynamic signs at improving speed compliance. Despite the data loss due to the malfunctions of the SMDs and speed data collection equipment, substantial speed data were collected, analyzed, and compared from before and after SMDs were installed. In some cases the SMDs maintained their effectiveness at increasing speed compliance; in other cases they lost some of their effectiveness possibly due to higher percentages of commuter traffic. For the most part, their SMDs helped improve school zone safety by decreasing speeds and increasing speed compliance as manifested by the decrease in mean speed, standard deviation, 10 mph pace range and the percentage of vehicles exceeding the 20 mph school zone speed limit.


Consider this quote in a situation of dissolution of marriage of a couple, who have kids. Law and courts may sort out the issues evolved over the property, maintenance and so on easily but what about the custody of the child? Especially when the child is a minor, because if a child is above the age of 18 years he/she can decide to stay either with mother or with father. Even there is no such test that would prove which parent can take best care of the child. There is no fixed determining factor in this regard.


The VoIP network is assuring huge benefits in added value like increased efficiency, reduced time utilization and cost reductions to the companies and users deploying the service. However, for some reason the IP telephony market has not expanded as expected. The main reason for this set back is traced back to the lack of acceptable end to end quality of service. In comparison to traditional PSTNs, it has proved very difficult to obtain satisfactory voice transmission quality in VoIP systems. This development counteract has caused an enormous research effort by standardisation organisations as well as private companies in trying to find the origins and remedies for the unsatisfactory VoIP call quality. One part of this tough work has lead to a hoist of varying objective measuring methodologies. Research on objective measurement methods are all striving to find an evaluation model suitable for a particular system or a group of degradation factors. The objective models are based on subjective measurement tools created with the human subjectivity of quality evaluation in mind. The methods have been grouped according to their main measurement features and three distinctive subdivisions have appeared. The first group is constituted of signal-based, intrusive methods that make a comparison between the input or reference signal and the degraded output signal to estimate the voice transmission quality. The second set is composed by the signal-based, non-intrusive methods. These methods only use one node to reconstruct the original input signal based on the degraded output in its estimation of the performance. The last group of measurement methods are parameter-based and estimates the quality from complex calculations built on the assumption that all impairment factors are additive. For a private network like Ementor Sverige AB, the most suitable choice of measurement methods was found to be the E-model, an objective parameter-based tool. This model has been improved for some time to perform both transmission planning measurements as well as end to end real-time speech quality measurements. The output of the model is the single R value that is calculated using the most important degradation parameters. Some of the strengths of the E-model are the possibilities to extract information about certain factors from different parts of the E-model calculations, the flexibility and simplicity of the model and that it gives accurate and reliable results. 3 Acknowledgements This master thesis was executed during the spring and summer of 2003 at the premises of Ementor …


What is Design? The lack of consensus on a common definition for design and whether its body of knowledge constitutes a science or a discipline continue driving investigations of the nature of design. Despite the ambiguity, design is recognized as a process of creative problem solving and as such has become an integral part of modern business practices. The shift from product-focus towards user and experience focus has paved the way for interdisciplinary design research and the adoption of new investigative tools. Researchers agree that the understanding of the complexity of modern society requires holistic thinking, and therefore demands the implication of expert disciplines in the process of building design knowledge. How has the evolved mindset impacted design education? Although, interdisciplinary practices and transdisciplinary thinking have been acknowledged as a fundamental notion of building design knowledge, design programs seem to have made only timid adjustments in their curricula to address this new dimension. Traditional teaching methods and settings reveal themselves as insufficient and address little systemic thinking. Hence, alternative design approaches are being experimented with. The intent of this paper is to describe how the School of Industrial Design at the University of Montreal has reassessed its program to reflect the evolved mindset and what is being done to facilitate interdisciplinary design approaches.


N MOST PARTS of Alabama, it is usually necessary to feed a protein supplement to beef cows during part of the winter period. Protein is commonly the most expensive item in the wintering ration and, for this reason, the amount fed must be limited. Hand-feeding cottonseed meal or cottonseed meal pellets to the beef herd is normally done daily or every other day. A considerable amount of labor is involved in getting the proper quantity of supplement distributed equally among the herd. In an attempt to avoid daily distribution of protein, some livestock producers have used a diluent, such as salt, which, when mixed with cottonseed meal in proper ratio, makes it possible to self-feed the supplement. The salt requirement of a cow nursing a calf is approximately 20 grams per day. Where salt is used to regulate the intake of protein supplement for self-fed cattle, the amount of salt consumed daily by a cow may be as much as 2 pounds. The influence of this relatively large daily salt intake on the health and productive performance of brood cows posed important questions to livestock producers.,


The article 'Net irrigation requirement under different climate scenarios using Aquacrop over Europe' quantifies the current net irrigation and the future variations under different climate change scenarios for a single crop all over Europe. The topic has great potential, and it is particularly up to date and interesting to be analyzed, however, some hypotheses and limitations strongly affect the potential of the results here presented. The major concerns are related to the choice of a unique crop type to be simulated all around Europe. Even if a strong statistical analysis is beyond the reported calculation, it is completely missing how the choice of this crop type is significative for Europe. Are C3 the most widespread crops in Europe? Similarly, in the method it is not clearly stated on which areas the calculation has been computed. Secondly, the spatial resolution of the analysis is coarse, since some global assessment of water for irrigation works at 10km at the equator and maps of harvested areas are available at a resolution up to 250m or even 30m. I furtherly suggest that these works are seen and cited in the article (Liu et al., 2010; Siebert and Doll, 2010, Chiarelli et al., 2020).


A reinterpretation of the proof of existence of Hamilton cycles in the middle-levels graphs is given via their dihedral quotients whose vertices are ordered rooted trees.


Using the concepts of structure, antistructure, liminality and world-system, this paper analyzes some representations related to the "hippie-koguis", a name that has been attributed to a hippie community in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia), founded in the early 1970s near a Kogi indigenous settlement. These communities are imagined as projects "outside the structure", "anti-systemic", or "alternative", representations which should be questioned, since the people who enact this type of projects are clearly identified through some of the roles and identities established by the social structure. On the other hand, in their search for changes and admiration for a certain difference, these projects pretend to be inspired by "other cultures"‒in this case the indigenous‒, mistakenly assuming that indigenous peoples are radically separated from the Western system. It also becomes evident that the discourses and intentions of individuals who wish to get out of the modern capitalist system cannot be understood without considering that very system itself. Finally, it is argued that communities which are said to oppose social structure, tend to structure themselves as time goes by, usually for economic and political reasons.


Based on the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA), Medicare payment incentives for physicians to improve the value of health care are ascending toward maximum adjustments in 2022. With this shift, greater attention will be paid to mitigating the danger and cost of health crises for high-need, high-cost older adults. Several consistent themes emerge from relevant literature. The high-need, high-cost population is not homogeneous, obviating application of a single strategic approach to achieve value. Although not commonly measured, functional status, which is not fully discerned by diagnostic codes in Medicare billing data, has an enormous effect on costs. Finally, the highest-spending population segment has substantial annual turnover, although less so among high-need, high-cost seniors. Figueroa and colleagues expand our understanding of this population by using established claims-based algorithms to segment the highest-cost 10% of fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries into 6 subpopulations and estimate preventable spending for each segment (1). They found that 4.8% of Medicare spending was potentially preventable and that high-cost frail elderly persons, although only 4% of the Medicare population, accounted for 43.9% of the potentially preventable spending ($6593 per person). They acknowledge several limitations, including use of expert consensus to develop classification schemes and its potential for misclassification; use of only Medicare FFS claims and lack of data from other payer sources; limited-data time frames; lack of data on social determinants of health and their influence on preventability; and use of preventability rating systems, such as the Billings algorithm. Figueroa and colleagues' finding that potentially preventable spending is highly concentrated among frail elderly persons resonates with the experience of clinicians. The authors estimate that 4.8% of Medicare spending is preventable, which seems fair for a traditional Medicare FFS practice context. However, we wonder what such an analysis would show if applied to data from the world of proactive primary care clinical teams subject to strong incentives to improve value and thereby emancipated from the traditional Medicare FFS culture that values specialty-focused, facility-based care. Organizations that take financial risk on patients outside the FFS realm have done significantly better in lowering per capita health spending, primarily by reducing hospital admissions. This effect has been seen since the 1980s, when the seminal RAND Health Insurance Experiment showed 28% reductions in annual expenditures and 40% fewer hospitalizations and hospital days for managed care beneficiaries compared with their FFS counterparts (2). Ample evidence suggests that such approaches can also reduce preventable costs in the Medicare population 35 years laterthe rate-limiting factor is will, not way. David Reuben illuminated the example of CareMore's value-based mindset and methods that enable it to lower per capita spending beyond the 4.8% limit estimated by Figueroa and colleagues (3). Additional qualitative assessments suggest that CareMore's managed care methods include exceptional individualized care for chronic illness, efficient service provision, and careful selection of specialists (4). Savings greatly exceeding 4.8% from reduced emergency department and hospital admissions were recently found in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' second-year evaluation of Oklahoma practices in its Comprehensive Primary Care Initiative, in which several managed care features were incorporated. Over the first 2 years, such changes enabled savings for patients enrolled in Oklahoma's largest Medicare Advantage plan approaching 3 times Figueroa and colleagues' estimate. Robust evidence also exists for other innovative care delivery models that can reduce preventable medical costs by mitigating health crises and other sources of nonvalue-added spending in the care of high-need, high-cost seniors (5, 6). As these approaches and delivery models scale, estimates of potentially avoidable spending without compromised quality of care will look very different if the medical incentive payment system in MACRA and other pressures to improve the value of care are sustained. What will it take to provide high-value care for all high-need, high-cost older adults? Even with the move to value-based care, success will not be easy and is in no way assured. A recent commentary on caring for the high-need, high-cost population identified the need to develop a deeper understanding of this diverse population via valuable research, such as that by Figueroa and colleagues; identify evidence-based programs that offer higher-quality, integrated care at lower cost; and intensify both incentives and support for clinicians to adopt and continue to improve higher-value methods for managing high-need, high-cost populations (7). The shift in health care culture toward value-based care under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requires rapid acceleration. The culture of leadership and management of the U.S. health care system still predominantly lives in the FFS construct that focuses its energy and resources on managing high-tech, specialty-focused, facility-based care. This is the system that managers know how to managemany leaders are incapable of thinking outside the FFS box, even as incentives for value-based care come into play. The inability of organizations to adjust to new paradigms is well-established in other service industries (8). This is perhaps best illustrated by the existence of (but widespread failure to reliably offer) palliative care programs to seniors with limited life expectancies. This shift will also require new data collection and analysis and treatment planning geared toward social determinants of health and patient functional status (9). The best-imagined treatment plan for high-need, high-cost populations will not work if patients lack transportation to health care facilities and clinicians do not appreciate the barrier. New payment and patient assignment models are also needed, and their creation will not be easy. To make a pathway for the development of innovative payment models in FFS Medicare, MACRA created the Physician-Focused Payment Model Technical Advisory Committee. Although the process is still early in its development and implementation, most proposals that have come to the Committee have been incremental and built on the culture and chassis of the FFS model. This all needs to happen as our health system addresses the critical challenges of lack of universal access to health care, underinvestment in primary care, administrative inefficiency, and disparities in delivery of care (10). Studies like that of Figueroa and colleagues can help point the way to coolable hot spots. The onus is now on organizations and systems to shift culture and learn to implement the care and contracting methods used by their coolest peers.


Ramanathan establishes the importance of merging narratives produced by those afflicted, relatives and caregivers in order to develop a semblance of coherence in these texts. Chapter 4 explores the means of engagement of people with chronic ailments (diabetes, epilepsy and body breakdowns) concerning their condition. Employing a thematic analysis, the chapter proceeds with presenting key categories that identify strategies that allow people to 'rewrite' conceptions of the body amidst these conditions. In Chapter 5, the author tackles the complexities associated with communication among people with autism and partial hearing. Applying Lacanian notions of the imaginary, this chapter reveals how communicative intentions are unraveled. Noteworthy here is the emphasis on the absence of clear communicative acts that shape our own (re)actions towards these people with special conditions. Chapter 6, which appears to be an extension of Chapter 3 and might better have been placed after it, presents a critique of existing constraints in psycholinguistic research concerning memory and narrative coherence among people with Alzheimer's disease. Following a Derridean approach in interpreting life histories of patients, the author argues for a more reflexive and humanistic direction towards analyzing data which leads to the development of counter-narratives. In Chapter 7, Ramanathan sums up the work by emphasizing the importance of the production and reception of meaning construction surrounding discourse and disability. More importantly, she identifies important directions for future researchers in expanding scholarship on language and disease and disability. In my opinion, this work stands out as a sincere attempt to humanize the role of language in conceptualizing our notions of (ab)normal in society. Given the rich accounts of those afflicted with health conditions, Ramanathan succeeds in identifying theoretical and methodological tensions that may serve as rich areas for contestation and exploration. More importantly, the work allows scholars to find ways to genuinely create possibilities by looking at how discourses shape and often marginalize our understandings of the social dimensions of disease and disability. Indeed, this book is an exemplary work that uses applied sociolinguistics in achieving transformative ends.


This paper carried out a structural nonlinear analysis on the Π typical cantilever reinforce concrete stair in the condition of static load with finite element analysis program ANSYS.It was obtained that the most structural deformation value is 3.0651mm,when the load value of flat pallet is 0.0072N/mm~2 with vertical load,and this point of the most deformation lies in the end of flat pallet.There is the major deformation in XOY plane because of the stairs interaction.The crack position should be strengthened in design.10 figs,7 refs.


Along Colorado Front Range stream networks, agriculture and industry have increased the amount of biologically available nitrogen in stream networks. This can shift ecosystems from N limited to N saturated, typically resulting in eutrophication. The removal of nitrate is thus important to understand for water quality concerns. Nitrate in a stream can be removed biologically through denitrification or assimilation, or physically, through a hydrologic flowpath leaving the main channel. Various mass balance approaches are used to understand removal rates of nitrate, yet rarely are used in conjunction with the hydrologic mass balance of the system. Therefore, the models do not include the bidirectional exchange of surface water and groundwater along the channel. We seek to determine the current biological nitrate removal rates in a forested headwater stream catchment through resolving the hydrologic mass balance and the nitrate mass balance. The combined mass balance approach will include lateral inflows and outflows along 100 meter increments of a 1000 meter reach of Lower Gordon Gulch Creek, Colorado. The creek runs west to east with north-facing and south-facing hillslopes, and drains a 2.5 km 2 catchment of the Boulder Creek Watershed, a drinking water supply for the city of Boulder, Colorado. Preliminary results suggest that upstream locations may act as biological nitrate sources, whereas downstream locations may act as biological nitrate sinks. Moreover, increased hydrologic fluxes of nitrate to the stream correlate with increased biological nitrate removal, much like Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Such findings are important for management considerations involving preservation and/or restoration of Front Range headwater streams to maintain or improve downstream water quality.


Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the abundant biomass waste from oil palm and it is an issue that it can be used as renewable energy in the form of Bio-oil. Bio-oil is produced by a thermal cracking process. This research aims to identify the potential environmental impact of Bio-oil production from EFB as fuel. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with gate to gate approach is used in data processing applications for networks in Simapro V.9 and the database used is similar to the characteristics of the eco invent database. Functional units are used to show environmental references in impact categories, such as energy used and global warming potency. The results show that the stage of the bio-oil production cycle in the pretreatment process has a greater global warming impact than the others, amounting to 131.10013 kg CO2 eq. The results of the analysis using the networking graph on the Simapri, show that the environmental hotspot of the thermal cracking process for Bio-oil production is caused by the use of electricity from the State Electricity Company (PLN) and the release of chemical substances from the process. From the results of the LCA, environmental performance improvement or continuous improvement can be done is by managing energy use and installing equipment.


This book presents the papers given at a conference on the health hazards and biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the kidneys. Topics considered at the conference included xenobiotic induced kidney lesions, neoplastic renal effects of unleaded gasoline in rats, pathologic finding in laboratory animals exposed to hydrocarbon fuels, the human kidney effects of hydrocarbon exposure, risk factors, epidemiologic studies of the role of gasoline exposure in kidney cancer risk, and an evaluation of the significance of experimental hydrocarbon toxicity to man.


A model based on the Cosserat medium transformation for description of inelastic behavior of media with structure is proposed and discussed. It is suggested that the additional degree of freedom (independent rotation of structural elements) stems from internal motion at the low scales, e.g. grain-boundary defect flow, and occurs during plastic flow only. In the model under consideration the "moduli" for couple stresses and antisymmetric force stress turn to be not macroscopic material constants but characteristics of local development of inelastic deformation at the mesoscale. The contribution from couple stress to the macroscopic stress-strain curve is discussed along with residual stress formation during unloading in the medium.


In recent years, statistics for Elizabethan and Stuart literacy levels, compiled by David Cressy, have challenged the familiar image of the period as a golden age of educational opportunity. These figures can serve as the foundation for a new analysis of social mobility in the period, particularly among those below the level of the gentry. Yet the most striking figure among them is the one which is consistently the highest of all, regardless of the population sampled: the illiteracy rate for women. The number of women of all classes unable even to sign their names hovers around 90% and rises as high as 95 ± 3%; Cressy's figures obviously do not even consider complex reading comprehension or extensive writing ability, skills commonly associated with the spread of Renaissance culture through education.


To the Editor: Youlden et al have reported a large Australian Childhood Cancer Registry study, describing the stage of hematological malignancies in children.1 We congratulate them for the commendable analysis of population-wide distribution and survival outcome of pediatric lymphomas and leukemias in Australia. The Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines have been utilized by the authors to stage the leukemias and lymphomas.2 Staging defines the extent of cancer and facilitates decisions on treatment intensity and duration, response assessment, and prognostication. Involvement of distinct sites and organs can be assessed and substantiated using appropriate staging investigations in lymphomasand solidmalignancies.However, a similar, tangible concept of a stage does not apply to leukemias. In the absence of conventional staging systems, the Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines have adopted the central nervous system (CNS) status to stage acute leukemias.2 The approach conveys merely one aspect of disease burden. It is not a comprehensive methodology for describing the "disease burden" or prognosis of acute leukemia. For a solid tumor, on the other hand, a stage is typically more informative. Overt CNS involvement, although predictive of inferior outcome, is not common in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).3 In a large Children's Oncology Group study of over 8000 children with ALL, merely 1.5% had CNS3 status.4 CNS involvement is more common in acute myeloid leukemia, albeit with an uncertain impact on the outcome.4,5 The authors of the Australian study mention the paucity of previous literature about stage-specific distribution and survival in pediatric leukemias.1 Contemporary management of leukemia utilizes frontline stratification into "risk groups" rather than "stages." Risk stratification is based on several factors, including age, white blood cell count, tumor bulk, extramedullary disease, immunophenotype, the presence of genetic aberrations. and early treatment response.3 Therefore, utilization of CNS status as a standalone parameter to classify acute leukemia is suboptimal. It is inadequately communicative of the essence of the stage of a disease. Additionally, the CNS status of leukemia as a single parameter does not have a unique value for cancer surveillance in registry-based studies. From an epidemiological or surveillance perspective, categorizing patients into acute lymphoblastic andmyeloid leukemia and reporting survival outcome is informative. An endeavor to "stage" acute leukemia, akin to lymphoma or solid tumors, seems ineffectual.


The subject approach as a methodological basis for studying resistibility of the person to negative life situations is substantiated. The interrelation of resistibility as a property of the person with inventive activity connecting subjectivity and resistibility is argued. A definition of re-sistibility is suggested describing it as a personal capability of a person from the point of view of property of the functional system integrating various mental functions and properties.


Lecture by the President of the Landeszahnärztekammer (Regional Chamber of Dental Surgeons) Baden Wuerttemberg and Chairman of the Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Zahngesundheit (Regional Task Force for Dental Health) on the occasion of the 50th scientific convention "Healthy into the Future" of the Federal Association of Doctors and Dentists in the Public Health Sector. This lecture by Dr. Rüdiger Engel highlights the planned goals of the Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Zahngesundheit (Regional Task Force for Dental Health) as well as those of the 37 associated Regional Task Forces for Dental Health up to year 2003.


Phoma can cause damage to sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) at multiple growth stages. It has historically been an important seedling disease, but this is largely managed by ensuring clean seed for planting. The pathogen also can cause a root rot, a leaf spot, and rotting of beets during storage. In the United States, the only pathogenic Phoma associated with beets has been Phoma betae. In Europe, other species of Phoma have been reported to cause symptoms on sugar beet. Phoma isolates from sugar beet in the United States were examined to determine whether there might be more species causing symptoms on beet. Phoma isolates had been collected as part of ongoing surveys for seedling diseases and root rot, and additional samples were collected from leaf spots.


228 Name : Yasushi Ishide Current: 2004-: Associate Professor, Keio University Institute of Physical Education Education: 1990: Graduated from Juntendo University Graduate School of Physical Education 1984: Graduated from Keio University, Faculty of Business and Commerce Special area: Major research field is Coaching Science in Sports. Current research topic is methodology of level up of performance in Volleyball player.


Abstract This article discusses the remains of the šumma izbu omen series from Hattuša. It will identify two previously misidentified Hurrian fragments as belonging to the omen series and demonstrate that they are parallel to Hittite šumma izbu omens found at Hattuša and Akkadian šumma izbu omens from elsewhere.


Software of automatic control system of railway game have been designed and realized by using Borland Delphi 7.0 programming. The application program works as serial to
interfacing of microcontroller and protocol RS232 by COM1/2 at computer. The automatic control system consists of infrared sensor, which is used for detecting
visitor which enter to game area.The microcontroller will the sent data to computer if the sensor have hand tied and the data is shown at graphic. This software can be used is database system for know is income which was obtained and data is prossesed in database using database
systems at Microsoft Access, then the data was saved through data record by ADO component. The software of automatic control have been realized and can accept data which is sent from microcontroller and the result is presented at graphic and can also earn to record data
and the result can be saved at Microsoft Access


t he lusatian lignite-mining district ( eastern Germany) is characterized by a high share of marginal post-mining areas. At these sites, crop yield is generally low, and hence, conventional land use systems often fail in terms of reliable and efficient crop production. i n this paper the attempt is made to evaluate the production of woody biomass for bioenergy in short rotation coppices ( src) and alley cropping systems (A cs) with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia l.) and lucerne ( Medicago sativa l.) from the aspect of possible ecological and economic benefits com - pared to the conventional agricultural recultivation practice. t he results show that, due to both high establishment and harvesting costs and comparatively low prices of energy wood, land use systems such as src or A cs are currently hardly profitable compared to conventional agriculture. However, the cultivation of black locust resulted in a higher humus accumulation and in a lower harvest-related nutrient export than the cultivation of lucerne as a typical recul - tivation crop in this region. t herefore, it can be concluded that for an improvement of soil fertility woody biomass production is more beneficial than the conventional agricultural recultivation practice.


With the significant advancement in information technology over the last half century cloud computing emerging as a power that creates job opportunities and storage of data securely . As a result of the shift to cloud, there is growing demand for professionals and managers that are more focused on business development than they are in application development. There will be greater opportunities for enterprise architects, and some offshoots will include cloud architects, cloud capacity planners, cloud service managers and business solutions consultants. Jobs being created may not always bear the term "cloud" in their titles, but cloud will form the core of their job descriptions. It is found that IT cloud services helped organizations of all sizes and all vertical sectors around the world generate more than $400 billion in revenue and 1.5 million new jobs. In the next four years, the number of new jobs will generate in million. Cloud computing is attractive to business owners as it eliminates the requirement for users to plan ahead for provisioning, and allows enterprises to start from the small and increase resources only when there is a rise in service demand.


Ultrasound (US) brain stimulation has been demonstrated to be a promising approach for noninvasive neuromodulation. However, traditional methods always demand animals to be under anesthesia and body constraint to achieve stable operation with bulky US transducer, while those demands would result in interference to the neural activity related to perception, cognition, and behavior. Appling a miniature US stimulator on freely moving mouse will greatly benefit for obtaining credible neural response from ultrasonic neuromodulation. This study investigates the local field potentials (LFPs) responses to ultrasonic neuromodulation on freely moving mouse by using a customized head-mounted US transducer.


Integration of amplifying and filtering functions, based on transversal structure principles, is one solution to develop miniaturized mobile communication devices. An architecture using power combination has been developed, combining the filter and the three branches power divider. The system is dual-band (0.9 GHz and 1.94 GHz). The filter is constituted by two looped Stepped Impedance Resonators (S.I.R.), symmetrically positioned on each side of the stopped feeding line. Power is equally divided thanks to coupling effects between output microstrip lines.


The concrete experiences of Christian faith are susceptible of ambiguity in the context of our modern societies. The believer, who inhabits these ones, tends to claim a space of assertion of his own vis-a-vis the ecclesial reality. As a consequence, the individual features of faith become diversified. The church searches a way to include them in her midst. Thus, the truth of Christian faith is considered not to exist out of the first person singular. But it is also required that each appropriation of faith be examined by the ecclesial community. Discernment is the means appearing to be able to link these two poles. It inquires to which extent the individual experiences of faith agree with the objective, Christian 'given proclaimed by the church. It considers experience as the necessary mediation of faith, while respecting, at the same time, the scriptural and ecclesial normativity that guides this one.


Either exact realizations or useful approximations of general linear systems may be implemented in the form of repeated filtering operations in consecutive fractional Fourier domains. These implementations are much cheaper than direct implementations of general linear systems. Thus, we may significantly decrease the optical and digital implementation costs of general linear systems with little or no decrease in performance by synthesizing them with the proposed repeated filtering method.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and animal models of arthritis demonstrate inflammation of the synovial joints leading to the destruction of articular cartilage and eventually loss of function. Although the cause of RA is still not fully understood, it is long recognized that proinflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF)and interleukin (IL)-1 , have an important role in its pathogenesis. In vitro culture studies using recombinant proteins and subsequent in vivo analysis in animals, including mice, rats, and rabbits, have shown that TNF is a potent proinflammatory mediator, whereas IL-1 is a potent cartilage catabolic mediator. The in vivo relevance of both cytokines in experimental arthritis emerged from studies with neutralizing antibodies and soluble receptors of TNF and IL-1 performed in mice and rabbits. The crucial


The mucosal route of vaccination has attracted a great deal of attention recently. Not only is mucosal application of vaccines, for example, orally or intranasally, particularly convenient, it also offers the possibility to induce locally produced and secreted S‐IgA antibodies in addition to systemic IgG antibodies. These IgA antibodies are known to play a key role in protection against pathogens that invade the host through mucosal surfaces. Induction of such responses is not readily achieved by currently used vaccination strategies, which generally involve intramuscular or subcutaneous injection with inactivated pathogens or antigens thereof. For the induction of a mucosal immune response, the vaccine needs to be applied locally. However, local vaccination with non‐replicating antigens is usually ineffective and may result in tolerance unless a mucosal immunoadjuvant is included. The most potent mucosal immunoadjuvants known to date are probably cholera toxin (CT) and the closely related Escherichia coli heat‐labile enterotoxin (LT). Although CT and LT have become standard adjuvants for experimental mucosal vaccines, the intrinsic toxicity has thus far precluded their use as adjuvants for human vaccine formulations. In the present review, the mucosal immunogenic and adjuvant properties of LT and CT are described, with special emphasis on the functional role of the individual subunits on their immune‐stimulatory properties.


In no country in the world is there so large a district (the Western Cape) proportionately, wholly and entirely dependent on viticulture, and which if destroyed would involve in abject poverty so large a body of men relatively. The question has again and again been put by the Commission to wine farmers, "What could you do if Phylloxera were to appear in your vineyards"? The invariable answer has been, "Our ruin is certain; our farms are too small and unsuitable for other purposes to such an extent as we could subsist on, and we must trek." (G. 19–'80 Report of the Vine Diseases commission)


Planar polycrystalline synthetic diamond with nitrogendoping/incorporation was found to be a remarkable field emitter. It is capable of generating a high charge beam and handling moderate vacuum conditions. Integrating it with an efficient RF cavity could therefore provide a compact electron source for RF injectors. Understanding the performance metrics of the emitter in RF fields is essential toward developing such a device. We investigated a test setup of the field emitter at the X-band frequency. The setup included an X-band cavity operating at the TM02 mode. The field emitter material will be plated on the tip of an insertion rod on the cavity back plate. Part of the back plate and the emitter rod are demountable, allowing for exchange of the field emitters. The TM02 mode was chosen such that the design of the demountable back plate does not induce field enhancement at the installation gap. The cavity was optimized to achieve a high surface field at the emitter tip and a maximum energy gain of the emitted electrons at a given input power. We will present the RF and mechanical design of such a TM02 X-band cavity for field emitter testing. INTRODUCTION Nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD) films have been shown to be an excellent field emitter with a low turn-on surface field and a stable emission current [1-4]. The planar (N)UNCD cathodes have been tested and shown to perform in both normal and superconducting environments, and in DC and RF fields. Hence, it may be of use in both normal and SRF linac systems. Unlike legacy field emission electron sources consist of Spindt-type arrays of nanometer-size high aspect-ratio tips, the N-UNCD can be a thin film synthesized on a substrate material without needing of complicated processes such as lithography. Moreover, the N-UNCD can be grown directly onto any refractory metal. So that the field emitter based on the N-UNCD can be made into a variety of shapes and sizes. It provides flexibilities in the emitter design to optimize the emission current and beam characteristics. It potentially capable of generating a high charge beam, ~1-10 pC per RF cycle, and handling moderate vacuum conditions and can be refurbished [5]. Integrating it with an efficient RF cavity could therefore provide a compact electron source for RF injectors. Such electron sources, if validated, could significantly benefit the system design of a wide range of accelerator applications. For example, this would eliminate the high voltage elements in a compact accelerator application thus greatly reduce the size and weight of the system; the source produces bunched electrons thus eliminates the bunching elements and associated beam loss heating. The N-UNCD emitter has the potential to reach ultralow emittance and energy spread due to intrinsic properties [6] and via various gating methods [7, 8]. Experiments have shown emission at field levels of 1 MV/m and up. The full operational range, from turn-on up to the breakdown field, must be explored systematically before N-UNCD can be considered for accelerator applications. Understanding the performance metrics of the emitter in RF fields in miniature high frequency environment is essential. Maintaining high field emission cathode performance over long-term operation remains an important goal to realize high-performance field emission electron sourcebased injectors. Toward this goal, we investigated a test setup of the field emitter at the X-band frequency. The setup included an X-band cavity operating at the TM02 mode. The field emitter material will be plated onto the tip of an insertion rod on the cavity back plate. Part of the back-plate and the emitter rod are demountable, allowing for exchange of the field emitters. Mechanically, the cavity body and the demountable back plate are brazed onto a standard 2.75'' flange. An insertion hole is machined out on the flange that is brazed on the cavity. A large cylinder piece is brazed onto the other side of the flange and is inserted into the hole to form part of the cavity back wall. This insertion may leave with a coaxial gap on the back wall of the cavity, by design or by the tolerance of a tight fit. This can induce field enhancement and potentially causing multipacting in the gap. To mitigate these issues, the TM02 mode was chosen such that the design of the demountable back-plate does not induce field enhancement at the insertion gap and the field in the gap is supressed by design to eliminate the multipacting. The cavity was optimized to achieve a high surface field at the emitter tip and a maximum energy gain of the emitted electrons at a given input power. This paper presents the RF and mechanical design of such a TM02 X-band cavity. CAVITY RF AND MECHANICAL DESIGN The cavity geometry is required to accommodate the flexibility of a demountable back-plate so that different emitters can be tested or swapped at the end of their lifetime with ease. The field emission material is plated onto the tip of a cylinder rod. The rod is intruded into the cavity to produce a high electric field enhancement at the tip. The tip is rounded to obtain a uniform field distribution in a large portion of the hemispheric surface. The emitter rod is __________________________________ *Work at SLAC was supported by DOE under contract No. DE-AC0276SF00515. Work at MSU was supported by DOE under Award No. DESC0020429 and under Cooperative Agreement Award No. DESC0018362. #firstname.lastname@example.com 12th Int. Particle Acc. Conf. IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-214-1 ISSN: 2673-5490 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB148 MC3: Novel Particle Sources and Acceleration Techniques T02 Electron Sources WEPAB148 2961 C on te nt fr om th is w or k m ay be us ed un de rt he te rm s of th e C C B Y 3. 0 lic en ce (© 20 21 ). A ny di st ri bu tio n of th is w or k m us tm ai nt ai n at tr ib ut io n to th e au th or (s ), tit le of th e w or k, pu bl is he r, an d D O I


Acidic mine water is generated in situ in the hanging and foot-walls of mines. In the gold mines of the Witwatersrand the oxidation of pyrite generates acid. This acid infiltrates groundwater and is and will continue to be a major environmental hazard specifically in and around the mines. Non-invasive geophysical techniques make it possible to map the extent and the flow pattern of acidic water. Induced polarisation (IP) in conjunction with direct current resistivity will be used to map the extent of acidic mine water at a bioremediation program near the Vaal River in the Northwest Province. Data will be collected where the survey can be repeated in order to monitor the time dependence of the phenomenon. Ways of separating the environmentally-associated IP signal from electromagnetic coupling and cultural noise will also be investigated.


Frequently I come across clients whose license has been suspended due to a car accident.  These usually fall under two types 1) failure to have insurance at the time of the accident or 2) a judgment is obtained against them in civil court as a result...


Vectorization is an optimization technique that has traditionally targeted vector processors. The importance of this optimization has increased in recent years with the introduction of SIMD (single instruction multiple data) extensions to general purpose processors, and with the growing significance of applications that can benefit from this functionality. With the adoption of the new Tree SSA optimization framework, GCC is ready to take on the challenge of automatic vectorization. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a loop-based vectorizer in GCC. We discuss the new issues that arise when vectorizing for SIMD extensions as opposed to traditional vectorization. We also present preliminary results and future work.


Session 4 Conventional and Novel Methodologies for Plant Improvement ABSTRACT Chromosomes of two diploid (2n=2x=16) subspecies of Medicago sativa, ssp. caerulea and ssp. falcata, their hybrid and tetraploid (2n=4x=32) cultivated alfalfa (M. sativa, ssp. sativa) were studied. Feulgen's staining, Cand N-banding techniques and an image analysis system were used. The chromosomes of ssp. falcata have only centromeric bands, however, a multitude of bands were observed in both the Cand N-banding pattern of ssp. caerulea and ssp. sativa enabling the precise identification of each of the eight sets of chromosomes and development of a karyotype. The differences in banding patterns between the diploid subspecies makes it possible to identify hybrids between these subspecies. Karyotypic analysis of tetraploid alfalfa revealed that alfalfa has four nearly identical sets of chromosomes based on their identical chromosome morphology and C-banding patterns, thus providing support that alfalfa is an autotetraploid.


This research focuses on the volatility spillover between the returns of the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) index and the return of the SET index in each industry which has grouped the companies into 8 industries. The search for COVID-19 words in Thailand was retrieved from the Google Trends database as an exogenous variable. Our focus has been on four periods: the first started on 2 January 2020 and ended on 1 June 2020, the second started on 2 November 2020 and ended on 1 March 2021, the third started on 1 March 2021 and ended on 15 June 2021, and the last started on 16 June 2021 and ended on 1 November 2021. In this study, a multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity Diagonal BEKK model (DBEKK) with an exogenous variable is applied to measure spillovers in covolatility. According to this study, the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) effect was observed in the first and third periods. In the first period, the ARCH effect was observed on the return of the SET index, as well as the return of four industries, including consumer products, financials, property construction, and technology, while in the third period we noticed the ARCH effect on the following return of industries: the resources, services, and technology. Note that neither the second nor the fourth period showed an ARCH effect. According to Google Trends for COVID-19 searches in Thailand, the financials index had a higher level of shocks and sensitivity in the first period. Additionally, the SET index demonstrated high levels of volatility transmission and was highly correlated with other industries, particularly construction, financials, and technology. The technology industry was more sensitive to shocks in the third period. However, the level of volatility transmission was higher in the services industry. This indicated that the volatility of the services industry was highly correlated with that of other industries.


Polycystic ovaries (PCO) contain antral follicles that arrest growing around 3–11 mm in diameter, perturbing the dominant follicle's selection and the subsequent ovulatory process. Proteomic alterations of PCO follicular fluid (FF) (i.e., microenvironment in which the oocyte develops until ovulation) have been studied from large follicles in connection with oocyte pickup during ovarian stimulation. The present study aimed to detect proteomic alterations in FF from unstimulated human small antral follicles (hSAF) obtained from PCO. After performing deep-sequencing label-free proteomics on 10 PCO and 10 non-PCO FF samples from unstimulated hSAF (4.6–9.8 mm), 1436 proteins were identified, of which 115 were dysregulated in PCO FF samples. Pathways and processes related to the immune system, inflammation, and oxidative stress appeared to be upregulated in PCO, while extracellular matrix receptors interactions, the collagens-containing extracellular matrix, and the regulation of signaling were downregulated. The secreted proteins SFRP1, THBS4, and C1QC significantly decreased their expression in PCO FF, and this downregulation was suggested to affect future oocyte competence. In conclusion, our study revealed, for the first time, evidence of proteomic alterations occurring in the FF of PCO hSAF that may be related to the dysfunction of follicular growth and subsequent oocyte competence.


The work was aimed at determining the possibility of activation of lymphocytes and natural killer cells with the addition of various concentrations of IFN-γ in vitro. The results showed that IFN- γ promotes maturation of T eff ector cell-mediated immunity system.


Abstract Over the last 20 years there has been much debate concerning double objects in applicative constructions in Bantu languages and the symmetry, or lack of it, in the behaviour of objects. It would appear that object symmetry depends to some degree on the precise family to which a language belongs. This paper is therefore a largely descriptive comparative study, which investigates the applicative construction and object symmetry in two Bantu languages from different families, Kiswahili (Nairobi dialect) from Bantu (G40) and Maragoli from Bantu (J30). Based on the results of several syntactic tests which reveal object behaviour, it is argued in this paper that Kiswahili is an asymmetrical language while Maragoli is a typical symmetrical language. It is further argued that the divergent object behaviour observed between different asymmetrical languages such as Kiswahili and Chichewa is determined by a feature described as an optional alternating object parameter.


Unfortunately, although machine translation (MT) systems have been improved quite significantly, linguistic quality still remains the biggest challenge for MT, as stated by Carnegie Mellon University researchers Ariadna Font-Llitjós and Jaime G. Carbonell. In the end, post-editors always end up having to manually post-edit the linguistic mess left behind by MT. Whether we like it or not, it certainly looks as if MT post-editing is here to stay for a good while.


A structural model for intermediate-size silicon clusters is proposed that is able to generate unique structures without any dangling bonds. This structural model consists of a bulklike core of five atoms surrounded by a fullerenelike surface. Reconstruction of the ideal fullerene geometry results in the formation of crown atoms surrounded by \ensuremath{\pi}-bonded dimers. This model yields unique structures for ${\mathrm{Si}}_{33}$, ${\mathrm{Si}}_{39}$, and ${\mathrm{Si}}_{45}$ clusters without any dangling bonds and hence explains why these clusters are the least reactive towards chemisorption of ammonia. Finally, reagent-specific chemisorption reactivities observed experimentally are explained based on the electronic structures of the reagents.


Abstract Background Provider organizations increasingly allow incorporation of patient-generated data into electronic health records (EHRs). In 2015, we began allowing patients to upload data to our EHR without physician orders, which we henceforth call patient-initiated data (PAIDA). Syncing wearable heart rate monitors to our EHR allows for uploading of thousands of heart rates per patient per week, including many abnormally low and high rates. Physician informaticists expressed concern that physicians and their patients might be unaware of abnormal heart rates, including those caused by treatable pathology. Objective This study aimed to develop a protocol to address millions of unreviewed heart rates. Methods As a quality improvement initiative, we assembled a physician informaticist team to meet monthly for review of abnormally low and high heart rates. By incorporating other data already present in the EHR, lessons learned from reviewing records over time, and from contacting physicians, we iteratively refined our protocol. Results We developed (1) a heart rate visualization dashboard to identify concerning heart rates; (2) experience regarding which combinations of heart rates and EHR data were most clinically worrisome, as opposed to representing artifact; (3) a protocol whereby only concerning heart rates would trigger a cardiologist review revealing protected health information; and (4) a generalizable framework for addressing other PAIDA. Conclusion We expect most PAIDA to eventually require systematic integration and oversight. Our governance framework can help guide future efforts, especially for cases with large amounts of data and where abnormal values may represent concerning but treatable pathology.


The utility model discloses an automatic assembly machine of a touch switch, which is characterized in that the automatic assembly machine of the touch switch includes a stander table, an assembly center, vibrating disks of components in the touch switch and vibrating structures mounted on the vibrating disks, a program control system for component assembly and an electrical drive system. Transferring rails are arranged between every vibrating disk and the assembly center; the assembly center includes the vibrating disks; an assembly holder of component positioning holes is mounted on the vibrating disks; when the vibrating disks stop, the component positioning holes correspond to the lower side at the output end of the transferring rails in corresponding positions one by one; assembly pressure rod structures right facing to the component positioning holes and assembled outlets are arranged on the vibrating disks; receiving cavities are arranged at the outlets; the assembly pressure rod structures are driven by a pneumatic system; and detectors are arranged at the outlets. The utility model has the advantages of improving assembly efficiency, ensuring product quality, lowering labor intensity, and producing in batch mode during the assembly process of touch switches.


In the Cross-Cultural Communications,there is the same logcal system and the cultural connotation difference,this article emphatically elaborates that the common physiological mechanism is the logical identical foundation and the social history culture is a root which the cultural difference produces.


This article compares two natural gas cooperation schemes; the controversial gas pipeline project El Gran Gasoducto del Sur (GASUR) and the Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline (TAGP). While GASUR failed in its formulation stage, TAGP continuously struggles to come to its final formulation. This article is theoretically intrigued by the nexus between leadership and energy regime (gas cooperations) formation. It critically explores the regime theories to construct an interpretive leadership framework to explain the different fate confronting the two cooperation schemes. The analysis shows that both GASUR and TAGP features a strong state-led leadership style. However, there are observed variances to this leadership style. Such observed variances can be further explained by the context in which regional gas cooperations take place. The analysis of the context reveals three conditions namely regional politics, domestic gas markets, and gas supply. These conditions work either to constrain or facilitate the formation of the studied gas cooperations. While both regional politics and gas supply work differently in the two regions, domestic markets have a similar constraining effect on the formation of both GASUR and TAGP.


Although PDGF has been singled out for study in this report, it is one component of an extremely complex set of interactions that is only partially understood. One wonders if this potent tissue catalyst or some related chemical(s) may be mechanistically involved in the pathogenesis of specific dermatologic disorders characterized by hyperproliferation, such as psoriasis. Does activation of PDGF or similar GFs play a role in the induction of some of the unique vasoproliferative manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS), such as Kaposi's sarcoma or the recently described vascular lesions? -̂* This study is indicative of the intense interest in growth-promoting molecules that are postulated to participate in the pathogenesis of clinical disease. Further studies of PDGF and other GFs should eventuate in a keener understanding of the pathogenesis of dermatologic disorders and hopefully to unique and more effective therapy.


A Internal Permanent Magnet Misc Machine (IPMMM) possesses a cylindrical rotor reduces the torque ripple, enables the performance of a machine. This article evidences in the process of estimation and reduction of heat generation in machine. A 290V, 10 A and 3000 RPM IPMMM is utilized in finite element investigation in the view of instantons and cogging torque. The novelty of this machine is that laminating core based rotor poles arranged with permanent magnet poles on either side. In addition, the outer perimeter of the rotor enclosed by ring like structure. The simulation environment create for estimation of maximum temperature rise in the machine and its distribution. The numerical outcomes are tabulate and analyze with virtualized findings.


Crown ether complexes of bismuth(III) chloride of the types BiCl3·12-crown-4 (1), 2BiCl3·18-crown-6 (2), and BiCl3·15-crown-5 (3) have been prepared; compound (1), and probably compound (3), is a neutral adduct with the pyramidal BiCl3 linked to all four (five) oxygen atoms of the crown in a half-sandwich structure while compound (2) has the ionic formulation 2[BiCl2·18-crown-6]+[Bi2Cl8]2–, in which the bismuth cation is eight-co-ordinate involving all six oxygen atoms of the crown and two chlorine atoms in bicapped trigonal prismatic geometry.


Transgenic cut chrysanthemum(Dendrathema grandiflorum cv. Huang Xiufang) plants were mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 and 69 transformants were obtained after successive Kan resistance selection. Some of the Kan-resistant plants were detected to be positive by PCR and Southern blot. During the aging phase in the field, the content of endogenous iPAs in the transgenic leaves was 4.7 times higher than that in CK by ELISA. The model of plant, the leaf color and the flower bud differentiation were different from the control. The chlorophyll contents were genetic tranformation 1.47-, 2.26-, 2.60-fold of those in the controls at the flower bud differentiation, the blooming florescence and the senescence phases respectively.


In this work, we study a new (2+1)-dimensional generalized breaking soliton equation which admits the Painleve property for one special set of parameters. We derive multiple soliton solutions, traveling wave solutions, and periodic solutions as well. We use the simplified Hirotas method and a variety of ansatze to achieve our goal.


Entrepreneurship development process is necessary condition in developing country like of India to solve the different kinds of economic, social, and unemployment related problems. Total quality management (TQM) is widely recognized philosophy of management strategy. Its focus is to improve quality and productivity in significant way to enhance the competitiveness of an organization. Organizational leadership plays a vital role to effect the efficiency and productivity of particular organization and concerned labour and employee management. But the quality of entrepreneurial leadership is another problem to implement total quality management in these enterprises. An attempt has been made in this paper to know which are impeding factors in implementation of total quality management small and medium enterprises for continuous process of entrepreneurship development. Data has been collected from 100 units of small and medium enterprises situated in rural or urban areas. For data reduction the factor analysis technique has been used.


The author is a member of the staff of the University of Bern. Traumatic lesions of the abdomen, especially those caused by blunt trauma, are the subject of this monograph. These injuries are serious and the patients are often in a bad condition. An exact radiologic diagnosis without waste of time is decisive for the correct choice of treatment. A monograph of this type should thus fill a need. The material includes 150 cases, about 60 per cent with visceral lesions. A graphic presentation of the material is given with regard to the type of trauma. The traffic accidents dominate but it is surprising that cases with a criminal background are not separated. The main interest in this book is concentrated on angiography. Lesions of the spleen and the liver are discussed thoroughly as well as injuries to the intestino-mesenterial region. A series of well selected cases is presented. The pancreatic lesions are relatively few but interesting. The angiographic findings are especially well discussed and illustrated. Kidney lesions are described in detail on the basis of a material of about 60 cases. Traumatic abdominal lesions are often combined with lesions of the diaphragm and thorax. Such combined lesions are only slightly touched upon. The accidents are often complicated and abdominal lesions can seldom be looked upon separately. Lesions in the lower pelvis, e.g. of the bladder, as well as ureteral lesions are not easy to explorate by angiography and have not been much discussed. The illustrations are of a high typographic quality. Reproductions with magnified details of interest give the reader much information. In some cases contrast levelling with contour enhancing has been used; the results of this technique may be questioned. A graininess visible in some of the illustrations is caused by the radiographic quantum noise and a high contrast in connection with enlargement. Although angiography is important, certain types of diagnosis cannot be covered by this technique. Conventional methods still are of value and angiography as well as other more special examinations can sometimes be impossible to carry out. The demonstration of abdominal free gas and similar conventional examinations are not described at all. It must also be pointed out that the angiographic methods require a well-trained staff ready for full-time activity. Also economical aspects ought to be considered. In certain cases the main problem is to decide if a surgical exploration is necessary or not-rather simple diagnostic methods may be satisfactory for that purpose. It might be easy to forget the simpler methods if a highly sophisticated radiology is easily available. The use of a needle for puncture of the abdominal cavity under fluoroscopic control may be the simplest and most rapid way to discover the presence of free blood. Complementary techniques to the conventional radiologic methods, which also may be used as substituted for radiology, i.e. scintigraphy and ultrasound, have not been discussed at all. They ought to be under the responsibility of the radiologist. Scintigraphy of the liver, spleen and kidneys may give important information in many cases without more timeconsuming and for the patient more unpleasant examinations. To sum up, this monograph gives the reader a good information about the use of angiography but it is not a complete textbook of radiology of traumatic abdominal lesions. The list of references is extensive. Ove Mattsson


This paper discusses the comprehensive evaluation for the installation level of city.It applies the comprehensive factor analysis method to establish comprehensive evaluation model for the installation level of city,by this model the installation level of cities in 9 sample region are evaluated comprehensively,the resultreflects the objective level for every city.Thus it offers a theoretical foundation for the development plan and decision making policy for city installation construction.In addition,this model offers an effective and generally suitable evaluation method for other comprehensive evaluation work.


It was shown the case of the 87-year-old woman admitted due to heart failure symptoms. The coronary angiography was complicated by dissection of the left main coronary artery. The authors presented details of perfectly performed and clinically effective percutaneous coronary intervention in this life-threatening complication as well as they showed the story of subsequent coronary interventions, which ultimately led to complete recovery of the patient.


12.5 hr8.04 days To study the effect of drugs that modify thyroid function, an isotope with half-life shorter than 1311 is desirable. 1321has proved useful for serial tracer tests of thyroid function. It has a 2.33-hr half-life and, as a daughter of 132Te, is available from an isotope generator or "cow.― However, when re peated tests with 1321were used in this laboratory to study the response of thyroid cancer to various stimuli and therapeutic measures, serious problems were encountered because of the very short half-life and difficulties in counting the strong gamma-emis sion in the tumor (1 ) . The physical characteristics of †̃@°I, especially its half-life of 12.5 hr, make it theoretically more desirable for our purpose, and we undertook a study of its use. The preparation of 1301in a cyclotron using the reaction 130Te(d,n)1301 was first described by Liv ingood and Seaborg in 1938 (2). In 1940 a mixture of 130!(90% ) and 1311(10% ) found limited clinical use for thyroid function studies (3) . Frantz et al (4) usedit to detectmetastatic thyroidlesionswith a Geiger-Muller counter, and Chapman et al (5) used it to treat Graves' disease. After 1946 130!was replaced completely by reactor-produced 1311; we do not know of reports in which it has been used with modern equipment for diagnostic purposes al though Bauer et a! (6) suggested this possibility. The present report describes the practical applica tion of 130! to evaluate the usefulness of thyrotropic hormone (TSH) in patients with thyroid cancer for enhancing the concentration of radioiodine in func tional malignant lesions or in residual thyroid tissue.


Senior Leadership Awards at the Lincoln Center campus occur annually in April to celebrate the accomplishments of the senior class. Members of the Fordham Community can nominate graduating seniors for an award.


In this repository is stored 16 relevant datasets for the project "Train Unit Scheduling Optimization" funded by an EPSRC project EP/M007243/1 which finished in July 2018. This data, which were provided by Abellio and TransPennine Express, contains information on the train timetables, type train units, locations and a complete description in order to reproduce the experiments.


Review(s) of: Early Women's Writing in Orissa, 1898-1950: A Lost Tradition, edited by Sachidananda Mohanty, Sage Publications, 2005, pp 241, hb, ISBN 0-7619-3308-5. Review(s) of: A Space of Her Own: Personal Narratives of Twelve Women, edited by Leela Gulati and Jasodhara Bagchi, Sage Publications, 2005, pp 275, pb, ISBN 0-7619-3315-8.


The broader purpose of the paper is to understand the influences of technological advances achieved by the introduction of successful innovations by firms over the competitive process on the market power of functional sectoral distribution of income. This objective is defined in the light of distributive Kaleckian theory according to which the determination of the functional distribution of income is closely linked to the process of price formation in markets governed by mark-up pricing. To achieve this goal a theoretical model capable of simulating the interactions between different firms within specific sectors is developed with a modeling method based on agents Agent-Based Modelling (ABM). The main conclusion drawn from this work is that the results obtained from the simulations corroborate the Kaleckian theory of distribution. Therefore, the technological innovative process, by influencing price and mark-up, directly affect the distribution of income. The strategy of innovative search intensive in product innovation increases the market power of innovating firms, since to make possible competition for higher quality products allows firms to increase prices without sacrificing market share. Palavras-chave: Inovação de produto; Distribuição setorial funcional da renda, Dinâmica microeconômica, Modelo setorial de simulação. Keyword: Product Innovation; Functional sectoral distribution of income; Microeconomics Dynamic; Sectoral Model of Simulation.


The paper deals with the specifics of the formation of ethno-cultural status of the Abazins. The author, without questioning the idea of cultural integrity of the region, thinks that it is possible to single out two civilizational zones in the North Caucasus. Within the boundaries of one of them stage-wise formation of modern Abazins is considered and the arguments in support of the special nature of the Abazin etnic society are substantiated, which is caused by stagnation of its development throughout the past three centuries.


We expand upon the results of Close et al. (2005) regarding the young, low-mass object AB Dor C and its role as a calibration point for theoretical tracks. We present an improved spectral reduction and a new orbital solution with two additional epochs. Our improved analysis confirms our spectral type of M8 (±1) and mass of 0.090 ± 0.003 M⊙ for AB Dor C. Comparing the results for AB Dor C with other young, low-mass objects with dynamical masses we find a general trend where current evolutionary models tend to over-predict the temperature (or under-predict the mass) for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. Given our precision, there is a ∼99% chance that the mass of AB Dor C is underestimated by the DUSTY tracks in the HR diagram. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The photoproduction of η 1 -mesons from different nuclei has been measured using the Crystal Barrel(CB)/TAPS detector system at the ELSA accelerator facility in Bonn. Recent results on the in-medium properties of the η 1 -meson, derived from the transparency ratio measurements, are presented. The absorption of the η 1 -meson in nuclear matter is compared to the properties of the other mesons (η and ω).


Researchers have investigated modeling and computation of constrained dynamical systems, but scientists and engineers sometimes overlook consistent matching of mathematical modeling and numerical methods. The authors use multibody system software to study off-highway vehicles, automobile and android crash simulation and planetary ephemerides.


Problem Set In class we showed how to compute the probability distribution for a random variable by generating a large number of samples and plotting a histogram. Here is a MATLAB example which creates numbers from the normal distribution and plots a histogram which is scaled to make it a probability distribution: trials=10000; dx=.2; y=[]; for k=1:trials sample=randn(1); y=[y; sample]; end [count,x]=hist(y,-4:dx:4); bar(x,count/(numel(y)*dx)) To check our simulation we can draw the expected distribution f (x) =


A fast algorithm for calculating the inverse and group inverse and MoorePenrose inverse of a resultant matrix is presented by using the fast algorithm for finding polynomials. Only the rounding error exists when the fast algorithm is realized by computers, and only the entries in the first row of the resultant matrix is used in this algorithm, so the computing results are accurate in theory.


Receiving overhead condensate discharge chimney filter casing means, the outer cylinder (2) is mounted inside the cartridge compartment (10) and the inner cylinder (7), connected at the top between the outer cylinder (2) and the inner cylinder (7), and where spill partially perforated window (3), outer cylinder (2) and spacer sleeve (10) is connected at the bottom, the cartridge compartment (10) of the external cylinder (2) and the inner cylinder (7), while the inner tube (7 ) coaxially connected to the top horizontal top ring (5), (7) the central opening in inner cylinder (6), an outer cylinder (2) is connected to the inside bottom of the annular groove (9), the annular groove (9) of the outer cylinder ( 2) connected to an outer drain tube (8). Due to significantly reduce the moisture content of the saturated wet flue gas; an outlet chimney flue gas velocity is increased, the height of the further lifting of the flue gas, the flue gas diffusion strengthening, environmental benefits projecting, simple and novel structure, manufacture and installation safe and economic operation, use of effective, easy to promote implementation. Widely adapted to electric power, metallurgy, chemical and other industries.


Through the analyses on the status of Qufu Mechanized garlic planting, it introduced the existing problem of garlic planting and harvesting machinery in the use and research. It is analyzed the technical problems which the agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises need to overcame. And it put forward the constructive comments to garlic planting mechanization technologies.


Currently in the treatment of toxic liver damage important role for pathogenetic therapy, which aims at the correction factors play a significant role in the mechanisms of damage to the liver parenchyma. In the complex treatment of toxic liver damage and apply this pharmacological group of drugs that have the electoral protective effect on the liver, so called hepatoprotectors. Their systematic action is aimed at restoring homeostasis in the body, increase the sustainability of hepatocytes to the effects of pathogenic factors, normalizing functional activity and stimulation of reparative-regenerative processes in the liver. We made the theoretical study of the longstanding experience of experimental studies of microorganisms with probiotic properties, and practical use of drugs, based on them, allow us to assume with a high degree of probability of availability of developing a new probiotic hepatoprotective funds. To solve this problem it was necessary, first of all, to carry out studies on the choice of a particular species and strain probiotic organism in experimental research to study its biological properties and the total amount of obtained results make a decision on expediency of creation on its basis of an experimental sample of the new hepatoprotective funds. Currently we have a great scientific material, indicating that the largest biological potential and a set of concrete positive properties that can be effectively used for the development of probiotic preparations are non-pathogenic spore-forming microorganisms of the genus Bacillus and, in particular, hay Bacillus different strains. It is established that they are characterized by pronounced antagonistic properties for many types of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms, the ability to have immunomodulating effect (mainly by stimulating different parts of cellular and humoral immunity), and has antitoxic, anti-allergic, antiradiation and other effects.


Abstract : RUNOFF is a document preparation program inspired by the program of the same name written by J. Saltzer at Project MAC. The present version has been improved to provide more extensive control over the format of the resulting document. Control over the output is exercised by the user in two ways: (1) By the use of special control characters inserted in test. (2) By the use of command lines inserted in the text.


Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multisystem and debilitating disease. Fortunately, there is now a wide range of available treatments for these patients2. Also, guidelines recommend a « treat to target »1 involving strict follow-up of the patients. The recommended target is remission. But, in Canada, especially in rural areas, there are few rheumatologists facing a growing number or RA patients. Innovative solutions are needed in order to face this challenge. One solution is to work with a nurse assistant performing the joint count evaluation between the rheumatologist's visits. The consistency of examinations and disease activity evaluation is therefore. Objectives The primary objective is to validate the accuracy of the assessment of RA and Psoriatic arthritis disease activity by a nurse in comparison to assessments conducted by rheumatologists for CDAI and DAS-28. The secondary objective is to validate the accuracy of different parts of the CDAI and DAS-28. Comparison with the patient's joint count is done as well. Methods The trial was conducted in a private clinic. The patient was examined at first by the physician and afterward by the nurse. The 2 nurses participating to the trial were trained for joint count during a 14 hours course. Finally, a brief training was given to the patient who performed a self-evaluation. The study consisted of one visit where all the different information was collected. The different data collected concerned: the patient's medical history, medication, diagnostic, joint count by the nurse and the physician, VAS by nurse and physician. The patient's self-joint count was done for a subgroup of the patients. The Rho of Spearman was used for the correlation analysis. Results The overall correlation between the patient DAS-28 and physician DAS-28 was good (r=0,701) and it was very good between the nurse and the physician (r=0,846).The correlation between the nurse CDAI and the physician CDAI was also very good (r=0,765). The correlation between the different parts of the DAS-28 was less impressive. But in the same way, the correlation was better between the nurse (nr) and the physician, than between the patient (pt) and the physician (MD) and the least between the patient and the nurse. Respectively the correlation for TJC pt-nr is r=0,452, pt-MD is r=0,537, nr-MD is r=0,693, for the SJC the correlation is with pt-nr=0,390, pt-MD=0,414, nr-MD=0,699. The VAS-pt correlates poorly with both the nurse and the doctor VAS, respectively r=0,428 and r=0,392.No significant difference was found between the two nurses. Conclusion The primary end point is attained. There is a very good correlation between the nurse and the physician's evaluation. These results are congruent with those of previous studies3. So, this study is another argument to work with a nurse assistant and to use DAS-28 or CDAI in order to save time as we can be confident that the results of the nurse examination is accurate and valuable. This team work is a way to improve patient care following the guidelines. Treat to Target is possible even in remote areas lacking of resources. References [1] Smolen JS, et al. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force; Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69: 631-6372- Anderson, et al., Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Measures: American College of Rheumatology Recommendations for Use in Clinical Practice; Arthritis Care & Research, Vol. 64, No 5, May 2012, pp 640-6473-Cheung PP, Gossec L, Mak A, March L. Reliability of joint count assessment in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014 Jun;43(6):721-9. Acknowledgement Investigator Initiated study supported by Jannsen. Disclosure of Interests Isabelle Fortin Grant/research support from: ABBVIE, AMGEN, ASTRAZENECA, BMS, GSK, JANSSEN, PFIZER, SANOFI, UCB, Consultant for: LILLY, NOVARTIS, SANOFI, Speakers bureau: NOVARTIS, PFIZER, Nabil Chaker Grant/research support from: Jannsen, UCB, AMGEN, ABBVIE, PFIZER, SANOFI, Frederic Banville: None declared, Faye Wetherall: None declared


The paper investigates the solutions of Maxwell‐Einstein equations for null electromagnetic fields with or without matter in case of spaces of high symmetry. For the spherically symmetric space no such solution exists, while for cylindrically symmetric spaces, there arises a wide variety of situations. In reality, for the solutions that emerge, the spaces should more appropriately be termed plane symmetric. Some solutions are exhibited.


LEARNING OBJECTIVE • Exercise can be an effective component of a stress management program, and all types of exercise can be beneficial for stress management. Exercise programs consistent with the current recommendations to improve health can be prescribed to manage stress. Fitness professionals should recognize that it might be necessary to refer a client to a psychologist or other health care provider to help develop strategies for managing stressors that produce chronic and acute episodic stress.