The study was conducted during 2015/2016 in two districts of Afar Regional State which were purposively selected based on their experiences on date palm production and locations relative to Awash River. Objectives of the study were evaluating the existing production practices and constraints of date palm production to generate baseline information for further researches and extension. A total of 117 household heads were interviewed using structured and semistructured questionnaires. Key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observations of date palm plantations have been also conducted. The study was designed to address date palm production along the value chain. The majority of household heads were male, married, and illiterate. About 94.19% of household heads allocated less than one hectare of land for date palm production and had 21–40 years (77.8%) of experience. Seeds (90.6%) were dominantly used for propagation, which are not appropriate for date palm production. Local varieties with low yielding potential were cultivated using flooding irrigation (76.9%). Date palm production was practiced traditionally and constrained with high incidence of insect pests. Capacity building training sessions and researches on proper agronomic, management, and postharvest handling practices are recommended to improve the production of date palm in the region.


Little is known about predictors of prostate cancer severity in young men. Therefore, we examined whether family history and obesity influence risk of high‐grade disease and extraprostatic extension in men < 55‐years old.


In this study, a new viscoelastic-plastic constitutive model which has been formulated by utilizing the formalism of stress-like internal state variables is introduced. The developed constitutive equation allows for a good description of the inelastic material response of polymeric materials over a wide range of strain rates. An algorithm for numerical integration of the model equations has been derived. The FE implementation of the constitutive equation is widely discussed and the results of solving several exemplary problems are presented.


ABSTRACT Selected physicochemical properties of native and modified water chestnut starch (Trapabispinosa) were studied. Single- and dual-modifications were carried out by pregelatinization, acetylation and acid-thinning methods. Chemical modification created unevenness on the surface of starch granule. Swelling power, solubility, and water retention capacity were improved by all modification techniques used. The peak viscosity was reduced in all modified starches as compared to native water chestnut starch. The setback value which is an indication of retrogradation (re-association of starch molecules) tendency in the starch paste was reduced after pregelatinization and acid-thinning but increased by acetylation.


Getting the books the economy of the roman world now is not type of challenging means. You could not lonesome going later than ebook buildup or library or borrowing from your links to contact them. This is an utterly simple means to specifically acquire lead by on-line. This online proclamation the economy of the roman world can be one of the options to accompany you in the manner of having additional time.


The constitution of China issued in 1982 has been amended four times.The root cause is involved in economic system reform.On the basis of Marxist law theory,the paper stated elaborately that in the process of the economic system reform,it appears a lot of theoretical and practical problems which are not adaptable to the current constitution.By amendment to the constitution,the constitution can advance with the time and approach to perfection.


AM acknowledges the support of the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (Grant agreement no.: DNRF106). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement no. 312844 (SPACEINN). AM and LG acknowledge support from PRIN INAF 2014 (PI: L. Girardi) – CRA 1.05.01.94.05. SC is funded by PRIN-INAF 2014 (PI: S. Cassisi) and by the Economy and Competitiveness Ministry of the Kingdom of Spain (Grant AYA2013-42781P). JM and PM acknowledge the support from the ERC Consolidator Grant funding scheme ( project STARKEY , G.A. n. 615604). AB acknowledges support from PRIN INAF 2014 'Star formation and evolution in galactic nuclei'.


Detecting lobar fissures is elementary ingredient of segmentation and construction of lung lobe. This paper presents an efficient algorithm for automatic segment lobar fissures. A local adaptive segmentation identifies linear structures of lung CT image. Based on skeletons of the linear structures,the endpoints of the fissures are attained. The dynamic programming detects the fissure between the endpoints. The validation of the proposed method is proved through the experiments.


Cloud computing has become the infrastructure of choice for building and delivering software services. A key challenge for service providers is effectively managing cloud resources in order to increase profit while maintaining service‐level agreements (SLAs) with customers. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a combination of automated mechanisms for resource and execution management. The resource management mechanisms, namely, under‐provisioning and contract rescission, reduce resource allocation costs and minimize penalties incurred when performance objectives are violated. The execution management mechanisms, namely, crash recovery and delay recovery, minimize penalties incurred when reliability objectives are violated. The mechanisms are integrated in the Qu4DS framework and evaluated in the Grid'5000 testbed. The results show that the under‐provisioning mechanism increases profit by 20–50%, the contract rescission mechanism increases profit up to four times, and the execution management mechanisms increase profit by up to 60%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Purpose: This thesis investigates if Swedish municipalities are interested to participate in a political study trip to the Netherlands with the goal to educate Swedish municipalities on Dutch bicycle policies. Furthermore it will explore what participants would expect during a political study trip. To educate Swedish municipalities there has to be a spread (diffusion) of Dutch bicycle innovations. Therefore the presence of the conditions for diffusion of innovation will be studied. Additionally, a political study trip to The Netherlands for Swedish municipalities will be developed. This study will be partly conducted for Cykelframjandet, an organisation that promotes
cycling in Sweden.
Methodologies: Next to theoretical research, a qualitative study has been carried out to meet the objectives of the research. Seven semi-structured face-to-face interviews with politicians and civil servants in four Swedish municipalities were conducted.
Findings: In general, respondents are interested in a political study trip to the Netherlands. Moreover, they think it will be useful. Several elements that positively influence the process of diffusion are present. However, according to the respondents, it will be difficult for Swedish municipalities to actually implement new bicycle policies although they (possibly) would want to. The expectation of a study trip differs among the respondents. Further research is needed in order to explore if more Swedish municipalities would be interested in a study trip and if positive conditions for diffusion will lead to policy diffusion and maybe even the implementation of new policies.
Implications: This study connects present literature with bicycle policies on the municipal level. Further it presents a model with elements that can influence the adoption of innovation. Finally it provides an advice for a three-day political study trip for Swedish municipalities to the Netherlands.


A b s t r a c t. The aim of the study was to determine under laboratory conditions the respiration rate of carbon rock spoil, after different time of storage, amended with municipal wastewater after mechanical and biological treatment in relation to pH, redox potential and temperature. The experiment was carried out on the coal mine rocks exposed to weathering for five and ten years under atmospheric conditions. Respiration rates show growing tendency with increase of temperature. Respiration rate of the 5-year material was higher than that of the 10-year material. The respiration values after addition of wastewater were 1.30 and 2.72 times greater than after addition of distilled water for the 5- and 10-year, respectively. Flux of carbon dioxide showed positive linear correlation with pH and negative linear correlation with Eh values. K e y w o r d s: respiration, carbon spoil rock, flooding, pH, Eh


Mafic, monogenetic vol ca nism is in creas ingly rec og nized as a com mon man i fes ta tion of post-collisional vol ca nism in late Variscan, Permo-Car bon if er ous intramontane bas ins of Cen tral Eu rope. Al though iden ti fi ca tion of in di vid ual erup tive cen tres is not easy in these an cient suc ces sions, the Perm ian Rožmitál andesites in the Intra-Sudetic Ba sin (NE Bo he mian Mas sif) pro vide an ex cep tion ally de tailed re cord of ex plo sive, ef fu sive and high-level in tru sive ac tiv ity. Based on field study and petrographic and geo chem i cal data on pyroclastic and co her ent rocks, the Rožmitál Suc ces sion is in ter preted as the prox i mal part of a tuff ring sev eral hun dred metres in di am e ter. Ini tial ac cu mu la tion of pyroclastic fall and surge de pos its oc curred dur ing phreatomagmatic erup tions, with tran si tions to wards Strombolian erup tions. Gul lies filled with re worked tephra doc u ment pe ri ods of ero sion and redeposition. Andesitic blocky lavas capped the volcaniclastic suc ces sion. In va sion of lavas into un con sol i dated sed i ments and em place ment of shal low-level in tru sions in near-vent sec tions re sulted in the for ma tion of jig sawand ran domly-tex tured peperites. Most geo chem i cal dif fer ences be tween co her ent andesites and pyroclastic rocks can be linked to in cor po ra tion of quartz-rich sed i ments dur ing the ex plo sive erup tive pro cesses and to later ce men ta tion of the volcaniclastic de pos its by do lo mite. The Rožmitál tuff ring could have been one of sev eral phreatomagmatic cen tres in a monogenetic vol ca nic field lo cated on an al lu vial plain.


Malarial infections are rarely observed in neonates. It has been postulated that some immunity may be passively transferred during nursing, but anti‐malarial antibodies (Abs) have not been detected m human milk. In this study, milk samples, collected 2‐14 days after parturition from women at the Central Maternity Hospital, Yaounde, were evaluated for total IgG and IgA antibody levels by radial diffusion, protein composition by SDS PAGE, anti‐malarial antibodies using an isotype‐specific immunofluorescence assay, and the ability to immunoprecipitate Plasmodium falciparum antigens metabolically labelled with 35S‐methionine. Results showed that anti‐P. falciparum antibodies were present in breast milk, and that paired milk and serum samples from individual women contained Abs that recognized similar malarial antigens.


It is described that a practical application of the algorithm of Group Signatures in Access Control System(ACS).The first part includes an introduction on the concepts of Group Signature and ACS,and an analysis of the weakness of current ACS;then there is a description of the proposed model of access control system based on group signatures.In this description,the system,the format definition,the flow description and the characters of it are described,including an analysis on its virtue and weakness.


Pa per hist ory: Received 13 march 2018 Received in revised form 13 April 2018 Accepted 23 April 2018 This article presents a numerical study on forced convection of nanofluid flow in a two-dimensional channel with trapezoidal baffles. One baffle mounted on the top wall of channel and another mounted on the bottom wall of channel. The governing continuity, momentum and energy equations in body-fitted coordinates are iteratively solved using finite volume method and SIMPLE technique. In the current study, SiO2-water nanofluid with nanoparticles volume fraction range of 00.04 and nanoparticles diameters of 30 nm is considered for Reynolds number ranging from 100 to 1000. The effect of baffles height and location, nanoparticles volume fraction and Reynolds number on the flow and thermal fields are investigated. It is found that the average Nusselt number as well as thermal hydraulic performance increases with increasing nanopartiles volume fraction and baffle height but accompanied by increases the pressure drop. The results also show that the best thermalhydraulic performance is obtained at baffle height of 0.3 mm, locations of baffles at upper and lower walls of 10 and 15 mm, respectively, and nanoparticles volume fraction of 0.04 over the ranges of Reynolds number. Keyw ord s: Trapezoidal baffles Nanofluid Thermal-hydraulic performance Laminar Flow Finite volume method © 2018 Published by Anbar University Press. All rights reserved.


The microstructures and mechanical properties of the brazed joints of copper were investigated at braze welding temperture of 820~950 ℃ for 5 mins with Ag-28Cu brazing alloy.The microstructure of the brazed joints were studied by SEM,EDS,OP and the mechanical properties of the joints were tested by tensile testing machine.The results indicate that the joint is composed of copper-based solid solution and Ag-Cu eutectic structure.The shear strength increases with the increasing of brazing temperature,the maximum shear strength is 238 MPa.The shear strength decreases while the brazing temperature further increasing.The joints are fractured at the interface of copper-based solid solution and Ag-Cu eutectic structure.


Requirements analysis is a nontrivial, tedious, error prone and time consuming process. This paper describes a tool that automates identification of requirements defects that exist because of inadequate use of language for the purpose intended. The paper also describes results of using the tool on actual requirements documents from different industries. Our results show that the tool identifies defects that often escape detection by human inspectors.


The development of enhanced confinement regimes such as negative central magnetic shear (NCS) and VH-mode illustrates the importance of the q profile and ExB velocity shear in improving stability and confinement in tokamak plasmas. Recently, it was realized that the large values of radial electric field observed in these high performance plasmas, up to 200 kV/m in DIII-D, have an effect on the interpretation of motional Stark effect (MSE) measurements of the q profile. It has also been shown that, with additional MSE measurements, one can extract a direct measurement of E{sub r} in addition to the usual poloidal field measurement. During a recent vent on DIII-D, 19 additional MSE channels with new viewing angles were added (for a total of 35 channels) in order to descriminate between the neutral beam v{sub b} x B electric field and the plasma E{sub r} field. In this paper, the system upgrade will be described and initial measurements demonstrating simultaneous measurement of the q and E{sub r} profiles will be presented.


To design data curation pipelines within DesignSafe-CI, we gathered requirements and sought regular guidance from a group of experts in different aspects of natural hazards engineering research. Upon achieving understanding of experimental, simulation, hybrid simulation and field reconnaissance research workflows, we created four data models to guide data organization and developed specialized vocabularies as metadata. We then translated the models and metadata to interface design (front-end), and selected the infrastructure resources that would support curation and publication functions (back-end). We used iterative design and testing, including the use of interactive mockups of the GUI, to communicate and elicit feedback from the experts, and mapped real datasets to the mockups to evaluate the fitness of the data models, the clarity of the curation tasks. To address the problem of big data interfaces, we provide data representations that highlight the structure of the datasets and the possibility to browse their components in relation to provenance. Received 22 January 2018 ~ Accepted 22 January 2018 Correspondence should be addressed to Maria Esteva, 3206 South Oak Drive, Austin, TX, USA. Email: email@example.com An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 13 International Digital Curation Conference. The International Journal of Digital Curation is an international journal committed to scholarly excellence and dedicated to the advancement of digital curation across a wide range of sectors. The IJDC is published by the University of Edinburgh on behalf of the Digital Curation Centre. ISSN: 1746-8256. URL: http://www.ijdc.net/ Copyright rests with the authors. This work is released under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence, version 4.0. For details please see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ International Journal of Digital Curation 2018, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 306–317 306 http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v13i1.661 DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v13i1.661 doi:10.2218/ijdc.v13i1.661 Esteva, Jansen and Balandrano Coronel | 307


Stictoleptura gevneensis sp. n. is described from Gevne Valley (S Turkey). Distinguishing characters, photo of adult, photo and drawing of male genitalia are given. It is compared with related species (erythroptera species group). A short key is given to species of the erythroptera group (including new species).


Moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) and fuel Doppler temperature coefficient (DTC) are both the key reactivity coefficients for the safety assessment of a nuclear fission reactor core. Conventional unidirectional perturbing computation exhibits a limited scope in understanding the full-core physics. To better assist the energy policy decision making, this work contributes two different perturbation approaches to characterise the temperature coefficients of reactivity, i.e. by perturbing the moderator (or fuel) temperature while keeping the core power, or by perturbing the power while keeping the moderator (or fuel) temperature. Multi-physics computational codes suite (WIMS-PANTHER-Serpent) is employed to simulate and benchmark the startup core behavior of a nuclear new build currently occurring in the UK. Reasonably good agreements with the nuclear reactor physics are demonstrated computationally for both perturbation methods.


Eggs and larvae of the Brazilian sardine Sardinella aurita collected during 12 surveys between 1974 and 1993 in the south-east Brazilian Bight, together with temperature data, were used to investigate probable causes of the recruitment failure of the 1975 year-class. During the spawning season, an important oceanographic characteristic of the Bight is the onshore intrusion of nutrient-rich South Atlantic Central Water (SACW). This feature favours larval survival by acting as a retention mechanism for both the prey and spawning products of sardine. The recruitment failure during the 1974/75 spawning season is attributed to the lack of penetration of the SACW, which resulted in high mortality of larvae during that period.


The utility model relates to a rope rod connector for a lifting airer. The utility model comprises a pair of clamping pieces that are in a half circular arc shape, and an end corner is provided with a hole (1) for assembling a screw. The inner arc surface of each clamping piece is matched with an airing rod (2), and a rope groove (3) is arranged on the inner arc surface of the clamping piece. When the rope rod connector is assembled, two clamping pieces are joint, and a lifting rope (5) of the airer is clamped between the rope groove and the airing rod by the screw (4) through the assembling hole (1). The assembly and regulation are easy and timesaving.


The main objective of the firm is to maximize the shareholder's wealth; to achieve this objective the management indulge the earnings information by manipulation practices such practices reduce investors' confidence. Furthermore, a hypothetical dispute recommends that a better quality of financial reporting reduce the information asymmetry, by refining the corporate governance compliance, result in reducing earnings management practices. Thus the main aim of this study is to explore the impact of corporate governance on earnings management by using panel data sample of 257 non-financial firms listed in Pakistan stock exchange for the period of 2012 to 2019 through Fixed effect model along with control variables. The results disclose that the CG system of Pakistan negatively and significantly impacts the EM activities of the companies registered in Pakistan stock exchange. Hence, concludes that the CG system is more effective to prevent the EM process. The entire results are seamless with prior research work that the effective CG scheme of the firms controls the EM and collapse of businesses. Keywords: Earnings Management, Corporate Governance, Corporate Governance Index.


In the present paper Electrical Conductivity (EC) of Colloidal Gas Aphron (CGA) suspensions was measured for anionic and cationic surfactants (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Tetradecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (TTAB)). Experiments were made for different concentrations of SDS (6, 8.1, 10 mM) and TTAB (2, 3.51, 5 mM). CGA drainage behavior was observed and measured using 1 liter measuring cylinder while recording EC. Studying the results, CGA drainage process was observed as four-phase mechanism, instead of three conventional phases. Regardless of surfactant concentration and type, the drainage process is divided in to absorption, macroscopic, bubble, and microscopic phases. Drainage rate did not change at the end of bubble phase, with the maximum value at the end of absorption phase. Results showed that electrical conductivity is a more sensitive property for studying CGA characterization.


The action of B. subtilis on a sucrose nutrient medium gave a 2:6 anhydro fructofuranose polysaccharide, levan, identical in structure with that synthesized by the action of B. mesentericus. The yield of levan (calculated on the fructose portion of the sucrose taken) amounted to 60–65%. The pure, ash-free, snow-white, powdery levan on hydrolysis with oxalic acid, was converted into fructose, the yield of the pure, crystalline hexose amounting to 99%. On methylation the levan was converted into trimethyl levan, the yield of partially purified product amounting to 88.5%, that of the highly purified material being 75%. The trimethyl levan on hydrolysis was converted into 1:3:4 trimethyl fructofuranose identical with that obtained from the levan synthesized by B. mesentericus from the same sucrose nutrient medium. The pure, snow-white, crystalline 1:3:4 trimethyl fructofuranose was obtained in a yield of 98.5%.Attention is drawn to the marked influence exerted on the course of the methylation by small amounts...


Recent technological innovations have promoted widespread access to health-related information, raising important questions about the future of a health care regulatory system premised on the persistence of information failures. This Article analyzes the implications of the health information revolution for each of the three major types of health care regulation: market-displacing regulation (such as professional licensure), marketchanneling regulation (such as pay-for-performance initiatives), and market-facilitating regulation (such as quality reporting programs). By reducing the costs of information inputs into the regulatory process, the health information revolution will facilitate expanded regulation. At the same time, it should prompt a shift of focus from market-displacing regulations to market-channeling and market-facilitating regulations that will help consumers take advantage of newly available information about quality. Evidence suggests that this shift has in fact begun, but that


Key Points NK cells are required for immune control of secondary T. gondii infection. NK cells do not develop intrinsic memory-like features during T. gondii infection. Secondary NK cell responses depend upon IL-12 and IL-23. NK cells can develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics. Whether they develop these characteristics during Toxoplasma gondii infection is unknown. We addressed this question and dissected the mechanisms involved in secondary NK cell responses using a vaccine-challenge mouse model of T. gondii infection. NK cells were required for control of and survival after secondary T. gondii infection. NK cells increased in number at the reinfection site and produced IFN-γ. To test if these T. gondii experienced NK cells were intrinsically different from naive NK cells, we performed NK cell adoptive transfer into RAG2/cγ-chain−/− mice, NK cell fate mapping, and RAG1−/− mice vaccine-challenge experiments. Although NK cells contributed to immunity after reinfection, they did not develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics after T. gondii vaccination. The mechanisms required for generating these secondary NK cell responses were investigated. Secondary NK cell responses were CD4+ or CD8+ T cell independent. Although IL-12 alone is required for NK cell IFN-γ production during primary T. gondii infection, in the absence of IL-12 using IL-12p35−/− mice or anti–IL-12p70, secondary NK cell responses were only partially reduced after reinfection. IL-23 depletion with anti–IL-23p19 in vivo also significantly reduced the secondary NK cell response. IL-12 and IL-23 blockade with anti–IL-12p40 treatment completely eliminated secondary NK cell responses. Importantly, blockade of IL-12, IL-23, or both significantly reduced control of parasite reinfection and increased parasite burden. Our results define a previously unknown protective role for NK cells during secondary T. gondii infection that is dependent on IL-12 and IL-23.


Peter Lang specializes in the humanities and social sciences, covering the complete publication spectrum from monographs to journals to student textbooks. As an academic publisher that is deeply committed to excellence, Peter Lang has over fifty years of experience serving the academic
 community. Our extensive publications enjoy a worldwide readership and benefit from being widely reviewed in international academic journals. We are known for our publications in certain key disciplines, including Cultural Studies, Education, Film Studies, History, Law, Linguistics and Translation
 Studies, Literature, Media and Communication, Philosophy and Theology, and newly developing academic areas and research approaches. Each year, Peter Lang publishes an average of 1,400 books in both print and electronic format. In 2016, Peter Lang launched its first digital platform, on which
 10,000+ ebooks can be accessed, and is also an expanding publisher of open access online journals like this new offering.


The article considers the problem of the speech signals fragments, generated when pronouncing a certain word form, emphasis in the recordings, which is of the interest from the position of the speech information exchange analysis solvable applied problem. In this case, it is assumed that initially the class of the desired word form is given by the fragment available in the real speech signal recording. Therefore, it is natural to term the problem under consideration as precedent identification. The relevance of the methods and algorithms development for automatic precedent identification of voice recordings fragments in such situation is determined by the breadth of their possible applications, for example, in information and analytical security systems. The variability of the speech signals fragments properties, even generated when pronouncing the same word form by the same person, and the need to learn from one precedent in determining the critical areas of decisive functions are the main factors that determine the complexity of solving this problem. It is shown in this paper that sub-band analysis is an adequate basis for solving the problem under consideration, and an original mathematical apparatus was developed for its implementation. On the basis of original sub-band representations, the decision procedures for identification of speech signals recordings fragments, including the selection of pauses between word fragments, were developed. In particular, training procedures were proposed for one precedent while maintaining its original sub-band properties.


To meet the requirements for the cultivating of the high-quality engineering talents for the development of the "new engineering", the college's electronic information majors develop the teaching reforms of the electronic technology experiment based on the overall planning and development of the professional construction, and explore the cultivation of the active learning ability and practical innovation capability of the students under the development of the "new engineering ", which is able to provide the support for cultivating the high-level engineering and scientific talents. This paper explores and reforms the electronic technology experimental teaching from the aspects of the experimental teaching system, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching process, teaching assessment and teacher construction, which can propose the new ideas for the construction of the electronic technology experimental courses adapted to the development of the "new engineering". The proposed teaching reform can further improve the quality and effect of the experimental teaching and improve the students' capability of solving the practical engineering problems, teamwork, technical communication and independent innovation, which explores a new way of the deep chemical engineering experimental teaching reform based on the concept of the "new engineering".


Dostoevsky's novel The Raw Youth repeatedly refers a reader to mathematics. This fact favors analysis and interpretations of the "mathematical" problem in the novel. Mathematics as an exact science is for Arkady Dolgoruky the main guarantor that his idea of becoming a "Rothschild" is achievable and true. This idea is based on "mathematics", as it involves the calculation of income. "Mathematical validity" is authoritative for Kraft and other members of Dergachev's circle,as well as Stebelkov, Lambert, Olya. The plot of the novel is based on "mathematical validity". It is Katerina Nikolaevna's fateful letter. The idiom "as simple as twice two makes four" appears six times in The Raw Youth. The debunking of this formula is a characteristic motif for Dostoevsky's work. The motif of vulnerability of "mathematics" increases with the development of the plot. The Raw Youth's "mathematical" idea collides with his feelings and impulsive actions. The "mathematical validity" turns out to be irrational. It basis is not logic, but conviction. The opposition to "mathematics" and rationality is "living life" in Dostoevsky's work. It contributes to the rebirth of Arkady Dolgoruky. He evolves from Rothschild to Christ, from accumulation to self-sacrifice, from Law to Grace.


XQuery query proposed by W3C is one of the standard query languages for XML data and is widely accepted by many applications. Therefore the studies for efficient Processing of XQuery query have become a topic of critical importance recently and the optimization of XQuery query is one of new issues in these studies. However, previous researches just focus on the optimization techniques for a specific XML data management system and these optimization techniques can not be used under the any XML data management systems. Also, some previous researches use predefined XML data structure information such as XML schema or DTD for the optimization. In the real situation, however applications do not all refer to the structure information for XML data. Therefore, this paper analyzes only a XQuery query and optimize by using itself of the XQuery query. In this paper, we propose 3 kinds of optimization method that considers the characteristic of XQuery query. First method removes the redundant expressions described in XQuery query second method replaces the processing order of operation and clause in XQuery query and third method rewrites the XQuery query based on FOR clause. In case of third method, we consider FOR clause because generally FOR clause generates a loop in XQuery query and the loop often rises to execution frequency of redundant operation. Through a performance evaluation, we show that the processing time for rewritten queries is less than for original queries. also each method in our XQuery query optimizer can be used separately because the each method is independent.


Sir, Since the Communicating to You my last Thoughts and Observations concerning Razors some Weeks ago, I have often view'd the Hairs of my Chin with a Microscope after they were cut off, and always observed upon the white or Grey Hairs the Streaks which are made by the small Notches that, as I told you in my former, I had discover'd in my Razor, especially when those Hairs were Cut more obliquely than usual.


The utility model relates to a device which utilizes ferroelectric materials to absorb the outside noise. The existing acoustic celotex boards have the defects of large thickness and low noise reduction efficiency. In the utility model, a plurality of cantilever beams are arranged at the inside of a front end outer plate along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction at an equal distance, wherein a ferroelectric film is arranged at the center of the upper surface of each cantilever beam, one end of the cantilever beam is vertically and fixedly arranged with the front end outer plate, and the other end thereof is vertically and fixedly arranged with a capture soundwave plate which is a platy square plate, the side length of the square is smaller than the space between two adjacent cantilever beams, and all the capture soundwave plates are arranged on one plane which is parallel to the front end outer plate; the cantilever beams, the ferroelectric films and the capture soundwave plates are arranged on a rear end outer plate in the same way as being arranged on the front end outer plate; and the front and the rear end outer plates are arranged in a parallel staggering way. The utility model not only improves the sound absorption and noise reduction efficiency, but also reduces the thickness of the device.


This research work focuses on the enhanced magneto-capacitance response in the composites of (1 − X)BaTiO3 : X(CoFe2O4/ZnFe2O4/Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) (where X = 20, 30 and 40 wt%), prepared via a conventional solid-state mixing route using auto-combustion derived powders. A new observation is the existence of two different types of morphologies such as plate-like (size was ∼5 μm with a thickness ∼1 μm) and fine agglomerated nearly spherical shape of tetragonal BaTiO3 along with the polyhedral morphology (size of ∼0.5 to ∼2.5 μm) of cubic ferrites in the prepared composite systems. Unidirectional or random orientation of the plate-like morphology of BaTiO3 in these composite systems depends on the percentage of ferrite phase. In addition to the morphology effect, the magnetoresistance effect was analyzed using magneto-impedance study as a function of frequency as well as by Cole–Cole plots. The magnetoresistance effect was found to be dependent on the type and percentage of ferrites. The combined effects of phase morphology along with magnetoresistance and/or magnetostriction led to enhanced magneto-capacitance response in these composites. The percentage of magnetocapacitance values were found to be in the range between −3 to −9, −0.5 to −7 and +1.5 to −1.5 for BaTiO3 : CoFe2O4, BaTiO3 : ZnFe2O4 and BaTiO3 : Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites, respectively, depending on the percentage of ferrite phase.


Introduction Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Tools, Test Equipment, and Materials Chapter 2: Printed Circuit Board Fabrication Chapter 3: Microcontrollers and PIC Programming Chapter 4: Humanoid Robotics Design Considerations Chapter 5: Build Your Own Robot Arm, Gripper, and Serial Servo Controller Chapter 6: Visual Basic 6 Robot Interface Software Chapter 7: Speech Recognition Chapter 8: Build Your Own Humanoid Head Chapter 9: Build Your Own Bipedal Walking Robot Summary Index


A finite difference scheme with third order precision and TVD property and a technique of multi-block grid are applied in this paper. Simulation of film-cooling on the suction surface of a turbine cascade with two staggered rows of coolant holes is performed based on the three-dimensional NS solver. The characteristics of film-cooling of the coolant from the two rows of coolant holes on blade suction surface are displayed as well as the coolant trajectory along downstream. The distribution discipline of film-cooling adiabatic effectiveness is analyzed under different blowing ratios and ejection angles. The result shows that the transportation of two rows of staggered coolants is complicated especially under large blowing ratio and angle, and the formation of film-cooling adiabatic effectiveness in the region between two rows of holes is distinctively different from that in the downstream of the second row.


Aim:To explore the expression and significance of glucosylceramide synthase(GCS)in human colon cancer cell line HCT-8 and its drug-resistant subline cell HCT-8/V.Methods:HCT-8 and HCT-8/V were cultured in vitro.CCK-8(Cell Counting kit-8)was used to detect the drug resistance of the two cells to VCR,5-Fu and DDP,and calculate IC50.The expressions of GCS protein and mRNA in the two cells were assayed by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR,


This paper proposes a management system of distributed databases in the background of the large-scale application of databases.The system uses the middleware of Amoeba to realize the management of server cluster.It utilizes Amoeba to gather and modify the information of servers,to configure the parameters of Amoeba servers and MySQL database servers,load balancing,the separation rule of read and write,and data segmentation.Administrators can use this system to master the state of servers and avoid tedious operation.At last,the experiment shows that it can effectively configure the parameters to manage a large number of servers.


As the main body to manage the grassland ecological management,the government has the inescapable responsibility.Whether the government could effectively perform its duties is directly related to the grassland ecological effect.Focused on the current existing problems in Inner Mongolia ecological management,from the perspective of the analysis of the cause ofgovernment accountability,the main problems are mainly as the following:thrgovernment responsibility is not clear,definition of fulfillment is not in place,attention to the power of government-owned,and the neglect of the government's responsibility.Therefore,to strengthen the grassland ecological governance,government is essential to establish the concept of responsibility,make full use of the legal,political,economic,and administrative and other means to fulfill its responsibility to achieve the transition from"control type" to "responsible type".


Based on in vitro hemodynamic optimization study, 16 Diverters composed of fine wire meshes, were successfully implanted, by percutaneous approach into the swine illio-femoral bifurcation. The bifurcations were harvested for evaluation at 3, 10 and 17 weeks post implantation. The patency of the filtered ostium was calculated using microscopy and computerized image processing morphometry. Anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody was used to measure tissue proliferation rate in another subgroup (n=10) of Diverters up to 6 months. Flow patency of the Diverter was confirmed prior to animal sacrifice by angiography and Duplex ultrasound, and no stenosis was noted. Morphometry and microscopy showed that most of the filtered area (92% in average) of the 16 specimens remained patent. The Diverters were fully covered with endothelium at the nonfiltering portion area after 3 weeks. Permanent arterial filtration by percutaneous implantation of the Diverter is feasible and efficacious. Our preliminary findings give hope for a new and promising strategy for preventing embolic stroke.


The absence of trust is mostly an obstacle to e-commerce.This paper analyzes the successful experience that AUCNET has gained from implementing the trust strategy in electronic commerce market.The paper concludes that the system trust,institution trust,human relationship trust and dynamic management for the trust are the core factors.And whether technological feasibility can be translated into institutional reality is the key for quality-intermediary in the e-market to gain a competitive edge.At last,the paper puts forward some lessons from the case study for developing the e-commerce in China.


Summary The report that approximately one-half of adult rats of the "Yale" strain show a diabetic tendency, as indicated by a low tolerance to glucose administered intraperitoneally, has been confirmed. This tendency is more marked in older rats than in younger ones. The administration of sodium chloride isotonic with the injected glucose results in a normal tolerance to glucose, both in intact rats showing the diabetic trait and in partially pancreatectomized rats.


K0.5Na0.5NbO3 thin films with (K,Na) excess and LiNbO3 substitution were fabricated on a Pt substrate by a chemical solution deposition method. The K0.5Na0.5NbO3 thin films with (K,Na) 10 mol % excess and LiNbO3 5 mol % substitution showed a saturated ferroelectric polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loop and the estimated remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) were 8.6 µC/cm2 and 40 kV/cm at 280 kV/cm, respectively. Compared to pure K0.5Na0.5NbO3 thin films, the ferroelectric polarization of the thin film was improved and leakage current densities were decreased. Moreover, the ferroelectric polarization and leakage current characteristics are stable for higher applied electric fields and elevated temperatures. The conduction behaviours of these films were analyzed by Schottky and Poole–Frenkel emission.


Objective To isolate and elucidate the constituents of Actaea asiatiea.Methods Chemical constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography(Toyopearl HW-40C and preparative HPLC) and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis.Results Fifteen cycloartane triterpenes were isolated from Actaea asiatiea,asiaticoside A,asiaticoside B,26-deoxycimicifugoside,Cimicifugoside(23S),25-O-methyl-cimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside,25,2′-O-diacetylcimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside,24-O-acetylshengmanol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside(23R,24R),24-O-acetyldahurinol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside,23-O-acetylshengmanol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside,CimiracemosideM,12β-acetoxy-3β-hydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-cycloart-7-en-23,16β-olide-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside,12β-acetoxy-3β-hydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-cycloartan-23,16β-olide-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside,Cimiracemoside H,Neocimicigenosides B,2′-O-acetyl-25-anhydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside.Conclusion Compound 3~15 were first isolated from Actaea asiatiea.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the sport club activity applying the sport education model for middle school students from multicultural families on their friendship and resilience. The research takes as its subjects B Middle School and C Middle School located in A City. They are the students choosing soccer as their after-school sport club activity, and each group consist of 25 ordinary students and 16 students from multicultural families. This study uses the materials about students from multicultural families only. Through the research, the paper has gained the following results: first, from friendship, except for peer relations and pleasant plays, self-esteem and support, loyalty and intimacy, common points, and conflict resolution improved significantly more in the experimental group applying the sport education model than the control group; however, conflict reduced significantly more in the experimental group applying the sport education model than the control group. Second, from resilience, self-regulatory ability, interpersonal skills, and positivity improved significantly more in the experimental group applying the sport education model than the control group.


In view of the limitation of construction management system, intelligent management platform design is proposed. Microsoft NET intelligent client is taken as the front end, web Service is taken as the middle layer of data and SQL Server 2000 is taken as back-end database. The management platform of B/S architecture is selected. The testing results show that the system meets the demand of engineering construction enterprise project management.


The automatic recognition of array operations in Fortran programs can now be applied to attached array processors using vectorizing precompiler software.


According to alternative hypotheses, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is either a proton channel ("buffering model") or a fatty acid anion carrier ("fatty acid cycling"). Transport across the proton channel along a chain of hydrogen bonds (Grotthus mechanism) may include fatty acid carboxyl groups or occur in the absence of fatty acids. In this work, we demonstrate that planar bilayers reconstituted with UCP1 exhibit an increase in membrane conductivity exclusively in the presence of fatty acids. Hence, we can exclude the hypothesis considering a preexisting H+ channel in UCP1, which does not require fatty acid for function. The augmented conductivity is nearly completely blocked by ATP. Direct application of transmembrane voltage and precise current measurements allowed determination of ATP-sensitive conductances at 0 and 150 mV as 11.5 and 54.3 pS, respectively, by reconstituting nearly 3 × 105 copies of UCP1. The proton conductivity measurements carried out in presence of a pH gradient (0.4 units) allowed estimation of proton turnover numbers per UCP1 molecule. The observed transport rate of 14 s–1 is compatible both with carrier and channel nature of UCP1.


Hydrocarbon generation history of many exploratory wells in Boxing sag of Dongying depression is numerically simulated by calibrating maturity and temperature,analyzing and inputting a variety of basin modeling parameters,thus identified the phase and time of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. The study indicates that the 3 sets of source rocks in Boxing sag have 2 major hydrocarbon generation peaks,which are Dongying depositional stage and post-Guantao depositional stage. In which,Es4 source rock has its hydrocarbon generation peak in Dongying stage,lower Es3 source rock has its generation peak in late Guantao stage,and middle Es3 source rock only has a generation peak in late Guantao stage. Hydrocarbon generation may also be the major reason for some local abnormal high pressure.


To investigate the difference on carcass performance and meat quality of quality chicken between cage rearing and free-range rearing,400 male chicks from pure line S07 bred by Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company were chosen and reared for 5 weeks in cage,divided into cage rearing group and free-range rearing group after 5 weeks age,the two groups were used the same feeding program. The result of slaughter test and meat quality measurement at 10 and 22 weeks age showed that,live weight,carcass weight,percentage of abdominal fat,intramuscular fat(IMF)content and muscle fiber density of cage group were significantly higher than those of free-range group(P0.01),whole net carcass rate and half net carcass rate were higher than those of free-range group(P0.05),however,dressing percentage,breast muscle percentage,leg muscle percentage and inosine monophosphate(IMP)content had no significant differences,and IMF and IMP were increasing as days went on, but the deposition rate of IMF was higher than that of IMP in cage group.


The Shepherds' Calendar, which was commissioned for the UNESCO Conference on Music in Education in Sydney in 1965, was performed there for the first time on May 20 of that year. As the circumstances of its commissioning suggest, the work is designed for a chorus and orchestra of young people, and the forces were chosen not only with a view to what might be expected to be available in a large school, or group of schools, but also as being suitable for illustrating and commenting upon the words of the text. There are two main groups of performers, disposed on opposing sides of the stage: Group 1, consisting of the chorus, attended by 3 clarinets and bassoon and 3 percussion players, on one side; and Group 2, consisting of solo string quartet, flute, oboe, trumpet, trombone, with two further clarinets, 6 recorders and seven percussion players, on the other side. A further small group, consisting of treble soloist accompanied by glockenspiel and handbells, is placed as far as possible from the two main groups, preferably in an elevated position. The reason for this will appear when we come to discuss the text and the manner in which it is treated. But before leaving the subject of the instruments, it should perhaps be mentioned, as just one example of Maxwell Davies's by now well-known practical attitude towards music-making by children, that many of the percussion instruments can be home-made, and not a few of the percussion parts are capable of being played by children with little musical knowedge but with just three essential qualifications: a strong rhythmic feeling, a lively imagination and plain common-sense.


The Ancient Merv Project is a collaboration between the Turkmenistan Ministry of Culture, the Ancient Merv State Park and the UCL Institute of Archaeology. It aims to research, protect and conserve the remains of one of the great historic cities of the Silk Roads. This paper explores a new survey of the Islamic city using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to take comprehensive and systematic vertical photographs to assist in the analysis of the medieval cityscape. The background to the research and the application of the technology are presented, together with our initial conclusions.


<jats:p>The crossing numbers of graphs were started from Turán's brick factory problem (TBFP). Because of its wide range of applications, it has been used in computer networks, electrical circuits, and biological engineering. Recently, many experts began to pay much attention to the crossing number of <jats:inline-formula>
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Article history: Received March 16, 2017 Received in revised format: August 20, 2017 Accepted September 10, 2017 Available online September 10, 2017 The purpose of this study is to develop a fuzzy Analytic Network Process (ANP) model that has the ability to evaluate employee performance in different strategies. A team of experts in the field of strategic human resource management and senior management of an organization engaged in steel production were involved in the study. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was designed based on the criteria of organization's performance appraisal system. The results showed that in cost leadership strategy, compliance of work hierarchy, quantity of work and the ability to make important decisions constituted the highest coefficients, while in the focus strategy, participate in group work, power of supervision and administration and decision making ability had the highest importance. In differentiation strategy, innovation and creativity, quality and offering constructive suggestions received higher ratings than other criteria. Finally, the developed model was used to evaluate the performance of a sample employee. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 8 © 201


The initial experimental results of an L-band coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator with mechanical frequency tunability are presented. The key effects of the inner-conductor contributing to the mechanical frequency tunability are investigated theoretically and experimentally. In the experiments, the L-band microwave with frequency of 1.58 GHz is radiated when the inner-conductor radius is 1.5 cm. Meanwhile, the S-band microwave with frequency of 2.31 GHz is generated after removing the inner-conductor. In addition, the frequency tuning within 4% is realized by mechanically altering the radius of the inner-conductor at a half power level.


An inquiring agent is concerned with obtaining as much new, error-free, information as possible. One way of doing this is to simply incorporate information presented to an agent as is. This strategy is adopted by many belief revision frameworks including the popular AGM framework. A more natural strategy would be for the agent to first seek an explanation or justification for the new information. After doing so, it could incorporate the explanation into its epistemic state together with the new information. Such a strategy would be particularly effective if the agent's situation does not allow it to obtain new information easily. We model this strategy through the use of abductive reasoning. This allows us to then investigate the role of abductive inference within a belief revision framework based on the AGM. We not only look at the incorporation of new information but also at the removal of information. We begin by looking at some logical aspects of abduction and to contrast it, in a pragmatic sense, with the process of induction as performed by inverse resolution. We proceed to develop an account of an abductive expansion operator in the vein of the AGM framework. A definition, postulates and several constructions, reminiscent of the AGM, are developed together with a number of representation theorems. It is also shown how abductive expansion is related to nonmonotonic inference, in particular, default reasoning. The process of contraction is then investigated and we note how abduction can already be viewed as an active part of this operation. However, abductive expansion and AGM contraction do not exhibit the dual behaviour one might expect. This leads us into an investigation of an alternate operation known as Levi-contraction. We suggest a Grove style semantic modelling and provide additional postulates in order to obtain a complete characterisation. Our emphasis on expansion and contraction is guided to a large extent by Levi's commensurability thesis which states that any revision can be achieved through a series of expansion and contraction operations. However, using our work on expansion and contraction, we briefly investigate the repercussions for an abductive revision operator determined through the Levi identity. It turns out that this problem relies heavily on that of iterated revision.


The time of the first arrival of seismic waves generated by explosions at the Nevada Test Site and recorded along a 300-km line southeastward through Kingman, Arizona, is expressed as T0 = Δ/5.2, T1 = 0.34 + Δ/6.15, and T2 = 5.82 + Δ/7.81, where time is in seconds and the shot-detector distance (Δ) is in kilometers. Assuming constant velocities for the layers, the thicknesses are H0 = 1.7 km, H1 = 26.7 km, and H0 + H1 ≐ 28 km (below a 1-km datum). The average Bouguer anomaly is about −120 milligals, and the average elevation is about 1.1 km.

Seismograms were examined for P waves indicating the presence of other discontinuities within and below the H2 layer, but the separation between seismic stations was too great to establish the presence of such discontinuities. A questionable alignment of weak arrivals following the T2 refraction time by less than 1 second may indicate the presence of a discontinuity below 28 km. Fair alignments of strong second arrivals in the range 200 to 400 km might be interpreted as direct P waves or channel waves in the H1 layer.


In order to resolve the high IDS costs and huge system resource requirements in a terminal computer,a honeypot and mobile agent-based intrusion detection system(AH-IDS)was proposed.According to thecharacteristic,by which the mobile agent can freely move in the network,the work flow of the system was analyzed,the majority components,the design of the monitor and the capability of the AH-IDS were presented as well.


In the incoming low carbon era,China and world's primary energy will mainly shift to renewable energy and natural gas,while coal will be used with CCS.Based on this,the two major trends of China's Heat and Power Cogeneration(CHP) are pointed out:1),Coal-burned CHP will give priority to the large or medium Multiple-Cogenerated Coal Gasification,cogenerating heat,power and fuel or chemicals;2) Gas-based CHP will develop to the Distributed Energy System/Combined Cold,Heat and Power(DES/CCHP),which will becomes major energy supplier for industrial and commercial-residential buildings,substituting coal.China should make effort of integrated creation based on its own practice and the western's matured CCHP technology,taking the historical opportunity of industrialization and urbanization.Through integrating power generation,industry steam supply,urban public building heating,cooling,as well as supply hot water and warming to the residents,China could enhance its energy efficiency up to the world average in the coming 10-20 years.


We present the properties of different achiral orthogonal polar smectic phases observed in a homologous series of bent-core molecular compounds. The macroscopically uniaxial SmAPR phase transforms to biaxial state by the application of higher electric fields and biaxial SmAPA phase undergoes biaxial-uniaxial-biaxial texture transformation with increasing electric fields, i.e., initial antiferroelectric structure transforms into ferroelectric state under higher electric fields and it shows three different optically distinguishable states. The SmAPAR phase shows an entirely different response compared to other polar smectic phases under study. The dielectric measurements in the SmAPAR phase is the evidence of antiferroelectric behavior of uniaxial state. The polarizing microscopy texture observation supports the corresponding biaxiality measurements.


The utility model relates to a writing pen with a self-supplying Chinese ink storage ladle, which can effectively solve the problem that the Chinese ink can not be sufficiently supplied when writing. The utility model has the solved technical scheme that a ladle grip is arranged on the front part of an ink bin in the way of bending; a Chinese ink supplying device extending out of the rear part of arranged in the Chinese ink bin; a Chinese ink containing body is arranged in a concave surface of the ladle head on the front part of the ladle grip; the Chinese ink containing body is connected with a liquid outlet head on the front part of the Chinese ink bin through a Chinese ink guide pipe on the rear. The writing pen has novel and peculiar structure. The Chinese ink bin can be used for a long time as long as filled with the ink at one time, and the Chinese ink continuously enters the Chinese ink containing body to be used for writing by a pen peak (pen point) just like a fountain pen; therefore, writing with the writing pen with a self-supplying ink storage ladle is convenient. The utility model is a creative improvement on the existing pen with the ladle and can open a path for writing.


This paper deals with the aerodynamic interference between two vehicles which are running in close proximity and are subjected to crosswind. Measurements of the aerodynamic drag, side force and yawing moment were performed at different wind angles and longitudinal and lateral distances between two vehicles. In crosswind, extreme proximity between the vehicles ahead and behind provides several peaks of aerodynamic drag, side force and yawing moment acting on the vehicles. When one vehicle passes the other one in crosswind, the large variation in these forces and moment leads to the danger of driving. Numerical results by the CFD show a good agreement with experimental ones. They reveal that the aerodynamic drag is influenced by airflow behind the other vehicle, and that the side force and the yawing moment are also influenced by complicated airflow structure due to the aerodynamic interference between two vehicles.


This study presents the utilization of Cladosporium cladosporioides as potential fungal strain for the decolorization and molecular fractionation of synthetic melanoidin pigment which is a recalcitrant biopolymer. Single factorial experiment was conducted for determining the optimum process parameters by varying concentration of carbon, nitrogen source and concentration of the pigment for achieving maximum decolorization. During the experiment a maximum decolorization of 58.5% was obtained on 6 day with when incubated with an optimum condition of 0.5% (w/v) fructose, 0.25 %(w/v) peptone and 0.5%(w/v) pigment concentration at pH 5 and 30C. Decolorization and degradation of the pigment was confirmed by Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method, Gel filtration chromatography and UV-Spectrophotometer analysis. This investigation could be an approach towards control of environmental pollution & health hazards of rural people.


Abstract This study was designed to examine the statistical gender, academic qualification and marital status differences in primary school teachers' use of Information and Electronic Technologies for stress management. 706 primary school teachers (176 males, and 530 females) with (Mean Age= 34.7; SD = 8.52), from Ogun-East senatorial district of Ogun-state, Nigeria constituted the sample of the study. Meanwhile, three research hypotheses that guided the study were tested at 0.05 level of significance using t-test and Analysis of Variance. Technology Usage and Job Stress Scale was used to collect the data. The results showed that teachers' use of Information and Electronic Technologies for stress management was not gender driven, while academic qualification and marital status of the teachers influenced their use of Information and Electronic Technologies as stress coping strategy. By implication, the findings of this study direct that teachers should be responsive to the increasing technological innovations that serve as preventive and proactive coping strategy that will minimized excess workload that have direct and indirect ripple effects on teachers' mental and physical health as well as quality of education.


Larry Deeb, a pediatric endocrinologist, provides his perspective on the role communication can play in the successful management of diabetes. Dr. Deeb is the Director for the Diabetes Center at Tallahassee Memorial Hospital and is Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Florida and Clinical Professor in Pediatrics and Behavioral and Social Medicine at Florida State University.


In 2007,the outbreak of the sub-prime crisis in USA has brought a great loss to the global economy.This article discusses the evolution of the sub-prime crisis,and make a enlightenment to the development of Chinese financial market.


This year marks the 90th birthday of Professor Abdus Salam.1 Long before he won the Nobel Prize in Physics,2 Professor Salam had made his commitment to focus on the global efforts to advance scientific expertise in the developing world by providing opportunities in research to young scientists from the developing countries.3 He used his share of the Nobel Prize to support physicists from the developing world.4 Today, The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)5 continues its rich traditions and culture, set forth by Professor Salam, to bring science and scientists from countries across the globe to enhance the intellectual prosperity of the world. ICTP is an excellent example of a global infrastructure of science and technology with a primary focus on creating a better world. It has been 20 years since my mentor, Professor Salam,6 and my long term collaborator, Professor Walter F. Kosonocky7 passed away. Since Professor Kosonocky's invention of the infrared image sensors with Schottky-barrier detectors,8 there have been significant developments in the production and manufacturing of uncooled infrared image sensors.9,10 The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics11 was awarded to Charles K. Kao for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication and Willard S. Boyle & George E. Smith for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor. Materials continue to be the focus of this year's winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics12 and Chemistry.13 The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics should catalyse the search for new and exotic phases of matter.14 Molecular machines, the subject of this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry, are anticipated to lead to novel materials, devices such as sensors and energy storage systems.15 The first of the papers in this issue focuses on the 'Indirect-direct band gap transition in puckered arsenene through chemical doping of P, Sb and Bi: A computational study'.16 This paper is a collaborative effort between the Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China and the Center for Computational Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea. The authors, Y. R. Wang, H. N. Cao, Z. Y. Zhang, Dan Wang, Y. H. Wang and M. S. Si, present their studies on the electrical properties of arsenene. Arsenene has been recently demonstrated as a promising two-dimensional semiconducting material with considerable band gap and high carrier mobility. However, its intrinsic band gap is indirect, which is not favourable for realistic device applications. In this work, the authors report that arsenene can be transformed to a direct band-gap semiconductor through chemical doping of P, Sb and Bi. Moreover, the effective masses of carriers can be modulated in a wide range. All these properties make the doped arsenene a potential candidate for applications in nanoelectronic devices. The second paper in this issue focuses on 'A Facile Method to Enhance the Electrical Conductivity of a Pure Carbon Nanotube Film'.17] This paper is by Jinling Zhang, Juncheng Liu, Jiao Li and Rui Ding of the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China. In this study, a facile method was used to enhance the electrical conductivity of a pure carbon nanotube film, in which a high-voltage direct current electric field was applied to the disc of a spin-coating machine vertically. The effects of the high voltage electric field on the film's structure and properties were investigated. The film's structure was investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its electrical conductivity and visible light transmittance were determined with a Hall effect measurement system and UV–Visible spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of the carbon nanotube film increased about 10-fold when the electric field was increased from 0 to 350 kV m–1. Furthermore, its transmittance decreased only a little, by about 3%. The possible reason is that the high-voltage electric field had the carbon nanotubes oriented and aligned perpendicular to the substrate to some extent. 'Morphology, structure and properties of Diamond-like carbon films prepared by spin coating and RF magnetron sputtering',18 by Ho Chang and Yo-Shin Lai, of the Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, reports the results of nano-diamond particles deposited onto D263T optical glass substrate by two methods: spin coating and RF magnetron sputtering. In the spin coating experiment, the three initial spin speeds are 1000, 1500 and 2500 rpm, with coating period of 20 s; the three terminal spin speeds are 2500, 3500 and 5500 rpm; the coating period is 35s. In addition, in the RF magnetron sputtering experiment, three sputtering power values are set to 150, 175 and 200 W, and two argon (Ar) flow values are set to 15 and 25 sccm. The experimental results show that the morphology and roughness of the surfaces of all as-deposited films improved dramatically. Compared to the uncoated surface, the roughness of the surface of the spin-coated film decreases from 1.553 to 0.450 nm, and its contact angle increases from 48 to 68°. In contrast, the surface roughness of RF magnetron-sputtered film decreases to 0.127 nm, and its contact angle increases to 70° and higher. For anti-reflection optical thin films, the transmittance of the as-deposited films is within the range 91–93% by spin coating, and it can reach 90% by RF magnetron sputtering. The paper 'Morphology-controlled Fabrication of Nano Ag/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) Composites and their Effect


A method of mounting a planar ground collector (1, 2) comprising the steps of: • producing a slot (4) in the ground (3); • introducing the hanging ground collector (1, 2) in the erected form; • fixing of the inserted ground collector (1, 2) in the slot (4) by means of a holding device (6); • filling of the slot (4) with extracted ground (3); and • removal of the holding device (6) after the introduction of the soil (3) in the slot (4).


Data on nasal index of 808 adult males and females distributed in four major states India were taken for present investigation, to study the morphometric variation. Nasal Index was computed and compared among male and female and among different states. Comparison of coefficient of variations shows that there exists variation in nasal breadth and nasal height, hence in nasal index. The study explained 3 types of nose in the population; Leptorhine, Mesorhine, and Platyrhine. The study found leptorhine or mesorhine type of nose are commonly found whereas platyrrhine is a rare finding in Indian population. Males of Uttar Pradesh has higher nasal index as compared to females of the same state. The study also found that leptorhine nose is commoner in Kerala and Jammu and Kashmir. The nasal index of overall males and females was 73.09 ± 0.46 and 72.85± 0.36 respectively. The nasal index for females from UP, Bihar, Jammu and Kerala were 76.94 ± 0.32, 80.38 ± 1.27, 62.96 ± 0.40 and 72.50 ± 0.30 respectively. On the other hand, in males from these states were 77.47 ± 0.32, 78.76 ± 0.24, 62.31 ± 0.42 and 72.53 ± 0.33 respectively.


This research takes as an object discarded PET bottles and glass bottles. First, the bottles are subdivided. PEI flakes are heated and melted, glass is mixed, and test pieces are produced. Next, unconfined compression strength and bending strength of the pieces are obtained. The production method of the tile which is not crystalized white and can be used as construction materials was examined. Furthermore, hardness was examined as one of the intensity measurements. The following conclusions were drawn:(1) Maximum of unconfined compression strength is 8.784N/mm2.(2) Maximum of bending strength is 4.672N/mm2.(3) The piece particle diameter of glass should be 2.00-9.00mm.(4) A mold is maintained at the same temperature as the melted PET, should be made thin.(5) The thickness of a tile should be about 4-8mm.(6) This tile has the almost same hardness as boards made of vinyl chloride.Consequently, the standard of the fundamental production method of the practical tile was obtained


The Cornish-Fisher representation of a probability density function, as a differential operator involving its cumulants applied to a normal density function, has been generalized so as to relate two arbitrary density functions by means of a cumulant adjustment generating function. This leads to a relation between values of the variates that bound regions of equal probability for the two distributions. If one distribution is normal or of other simple form, this relation can be used to obtain values of the variate for the other distribution in terms of those for the first at any specified probability. For a pair of univariate distributions, an expansion in series has been obtained. Similar methods enable formal expression to be given to the moment generating function for an arbitrarily truncated portion of the second distribution, in terms of the same truncation of the first distribution and operators based upon the cumulant adjustment generating function.


The present invention is a protection circuit that includes a protection circuit for a battery cell to control the two or the number of operations of the battery cell arrangement and the cell in the array pack in the lateral direction by one module (PCM) as a battery pack pack case in which a mounting a lower case for mounting the battery cell arrangement and the protection circuit module; An upper case for fixing the position of the lower case cover battery cell arrangement and the protection circuit module; and includes the lower case to the protection circuit module mounting portion to be mounted battery cell mounting portion and the protective circuit module, the battery cells are mounted and the compartment, the battery cell mounting portion and the protection circuit module mounting portion in contact area, the area has a battery cell corresponding to the electrical connection portion of this is formed, the electrode terminal and the protective circuit module of the battery cells of the partition walls partition wall for forming the compartment provides a pack case with the electrode terminals of the opening is formed so as to be exposed to the direction of protection circuit module.


This study demonstrated that repetitive, intermittent exposures to aluminum (Al) under acidic conditions produced greater cumulative mortality and lower growth rates of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) than would be extrapolated from continuous exposure experiments. During a 24-d study, exposures were at pH 4.4 or 4.9 with 0.2––1.2 mg Al∙L−1. Data were analyzed based on peak and 24-d mean Al concentrations of continuous and intermittent (2-d toxicant, 4-d ambient condition cycle) exposures. Survival was lower in groups exposed to at pH 4.9 than those at 4.4 when intermittently exposed but not when continuously exposed. Growth rates were less for fish continuously exposed at pH 4.4 compared with those at pH 4.9, while intermittent exposures to Al acidity alone did not affect growth. Fish intermittently exposed to Al at pH 4.4 grew faster than those at pH 4.9, indicating greater Al toxicity at the higher pH.


publishers. The objectives of this series are to present state-of-the-art reviews for researchers as well as newcomers of various subjects in this field, all prepared by the respective specialists. Libraries and museums often keep the records of their rare collections of articles such as books and paintings in picture format. These pictures or any other kinds of records in analog format may fade with time just like the originals. Nowadays, similar records can be converted to digital formats, which can be transmitted, manipulated, or just stored without quality loss. With the advances of multimedia and the Internet, all the stored databases can be made available readily almost to anyone, anywhere. This progress is potentially extremely valuable to schools, libraries, and hospitals. This book addresses three important topics in this field: image restoration, copyright protection by watermarking, and efficient information retrieval.


Manekweni is the ruin of a large enclosure of dry-stone walling in southern Mozambique, 50 km from the coast. It was the subject of three weeks' excavation in June and July 1975, by a team led by me, assisted by Tim Gates, financed by the British Institute in Eastern Africa and under the auspices of the University of LourenGo Marques. The architectural style, building techniques, contents and date of the ruin show it to be contemporary with Great Zimbabwe (Garlake, 1973) and culturally very closely related, yet it lies in the coastal lowlands, 500 km from Great Zimbabwe, and there is no other ruin significantly nearer than this. This makes it a site of some importance, for the Great Zimbabwe culture has been thought of as limited to the granite plateau of Rhodesia and its immediate neighbourhood. The ruin is of limestone which, in this particular area, lies just beneath the surface of the soil. The enclosure wall, 1.50 m high and 1-50 m wide, is faced with close-fitting, selected and matched blocks, laid with enough care to achieve short, undulating lengths of coursing. The stone in the centre of the wall is more loosely piled. This building technique is characteristic of the Great Zimbabwe culture and must have been developed on the plateau, for it is designed to take advantage of the way granite splits naturally into parallel-sided blocks. It is much less suited to limestone. If one applies the stylistic criteria developed by Whitty in 1958 (Robinson et al., 1961) to categorize the walls at Great Zimbabwe, the Manekweni walls would be considered to belong to the earliest wall style at Great Zimbabwe (Summers's Phase 111, at present dated to the thirteenth century). But this means little in a limestone building. More significantly, the turrets, buttresses and platforms that are freExcavation of a Zimbabwe in Mozambique


The Secure Operation System supplied the access control and audit restricting in the system work scope as strongly as possible,did the scheduler according with the security plan between the user/application and the hardware /resource to restrict the lawless access.The following context illustrated the System and the standard of the test for it,the scheme how to construct its test,testing approach and steps with the test of the fcnt1 System of LINUX.


This paper presents a modelling technique that predicts the detuning of a RF (Radio Frequency) receiver ahead of its installation into a vehicle. In fact, since the vehicle is rarely available during the equipment's development phase, it becomes necessary to finalise the product even before it can be tested in its operational environment. The proposed model is based on a circuit approach which permits a fast evaluation of the resonant frequency shifting. The comparison with a 3D full wave simulation confirms the robustness of the proposed technique.


Myths about behavioral and emotional causes of miscarriage lead to a variety of attributions by victims. In lengthy, structured interviews, 65 women who had recently miscarried answered questions concerning attributions of responsibility and other cognitions about their pregnancy and miscarriage. Two regression models were developed to predict depression. Among external attributions, responsibility to husband and age of oldest child predicted depression, supporting other studies relating depression and blame of others. Among internal attributions, feeling that one could act to avoid a future miscarriage was positively related to depression, along with age of oldest child, contradicting other research showing that behavioral self-blame is adaptive.


A prototype of flywheel energy storage system is developed for light rail-trains in cities to store the braking energy. The prototype is designed to have a rotor of 100kg rotating at up to 27000rpm, which can store 1kWh energy and supply 10kW maximum power. Main works and results are described. Difficulties and some key techniques are presented. Test of the system operation is still not finished. Now the system is able to run at 16800rmp. Maximum power output is 3kWh.


ntroduction: An expectant mother's experience of normal vaginal delivery significantly impacts her health. One of the determinants of a positive experience is to enjoy constant support during labor. Objective: This study was conducted to understand the mother's childbirth experience with the support of a doula during labor and delivery. Materials and Methods: This research was a qualitative study with a content analysis approach. A total of 16 pregnant women that gave birth with the assistance of doulas in a hospital in Zanjan City, Iran, were included in this qualitative study with a content analysis approach. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants in 2019. The study data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with mothers, then transcribed and coded. All interviews were conducted in one session, so 16 interviews were obtained. Data analysis was done using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The participants were 18-35 years old (27.5±6.7 years). Three women had a primary school education, 7 had a high school diploma, and 6 had a university education. Four women were employed, and the rest were homemakers. After data analysis, 4 main categories and 8 subcategories were extracted. Main categories and subcategories include comprehensive support (physical support, mental support), assisting in materializing the motherhood dream (inducing calm in the mother, being released from pain and suffering), internal reinforcement (self-esteem, pain acceptance), and mother-centered care (doula as a different supportive, bidirectional relationship). Conclusion: Pregnant mothers' satisfaction with delivery is affected by their experience. According to the results, all mothers were satisfied with doula support during delivery. The doula's presence made childbirth a positive and satisfactory experience. The doula guided mothers from fear, pain, and ignorance to happiness and satisfaction. It is necessary to familiarize expectant mothers with the doula and the services they provide and facilitate their presence in labor and delivery rooms.


The evolution of quantum computers poses a serious threat to contemporary public-key encryption (PKE) schemes. To address this impending issue, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is currently undertaking the Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization project intending to evaluate and subsequently standardize the suitable PQC scheme(s). One such attractive approach, called Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE), has entered the final round of the competition. Despite having some attractive features, the IND-CCA security of BIKE depends on the average decoder failure rate (DFR), a higher value of which can facilitate a particular type of side-channel attack. Although BIKE adopts the Black-Grey-Flip (BGF) decoder that offers a negligible DFR, the effect of weak-keys on the average DFR has not been fully investigated. In this paper, we implement the BIKE scheme, and then through extensive experiments show that the weak-keys can be a potential threat to IND-CCA security of the BIKE scheme and thus need attention from the relevant research community. We also propose a key-check algorithm that can potentially supplement the BIKE mechanism and prevent users from adopting weak-keys.


tional fertilizer did not assist the woody plants when the bermudagrass was present and during the study moisture stress was never severe, allelopathy may be involved. The subtle but certain restriction of growth of woody plants by bermudagrass, even though the grass is severely and frequently pruned, encourages such a hypothesis. There appears to be little advantage to 60" over 30" cleared areas except with the privet and holly. This was probably due to the more drought sensitive nature of the holly and extremely vigorous growth of the privet. However, as the trees and shrubs grow larger and roots progress laterally, the larger cleared areas may prove beneficial. Keeping a cleared area free of bermudagrass at least 30" square appears to be one additional way to aid the establishment and growth of newly planted trees and shrubs. Under stress conditions, removal of competition may make the difference between survival and death of some plants. Literature Cited


This paper mainly describe the machinal factor of the new tech of non-digging-pipe jacking of soil and water the balancing,and a circuit design of tele-control pipe jacking,and therefore advocates the improvement of the circuit of next generation's tele-control pipe jacking.


We extend a previous study of the quantum-size effect on switching noise in a GaAs/Al x Ga 1-x As quantum point contact in zero magnetic field to the quantum Hall regime. The experimental results agree well with a model based on temporal electrostatic fluctuations of the conduction-band bottom in the point contact. A confirmation of our interpretation is obtained by a direct comparison of the noise data with measurements of the transconductance. The analysis of the data suggests that the Lande g factor in a quantum point contact is enhanced with respect to the low bare g factor of GaAs


Objective
To investigate clinical characteristics of heart failure (HF) with median ejection fraction.

Methods
From January, 2015 to January, 2016, two hundred and nine patients with a discharge diagnosis of HF (NYHA II-IV) admitted into our hospital were collected. The patients were stratified by LVEF as preserved (HFpEF, LVEF≥50%, n=53) , median (HFmrEF, LVEF 40%-49%, n=46) , and reduced (HFrEF, LVEF<40%, n=110). The clinical data were compared.

Results
Compared with the HFpEF group, the HFmrEF group had more patients with coronary disease, higher hemoglobin, and lower left atrium diameter, as well as lower interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (all P<0.05) . Compared with the HFrEF group, the patients in the HFmrEF group were older [ (71.28 10.81) vs. (63.81 13.38) ], and more patients had coronary disease, as well as higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.05) ; besides, their BNP level, mean platelet volume, purine trione , left atrium diameter, left ventricular anteroposterior diameter, and pulmonary arterial pressure were lower (all P<0.05)

Conclusions
HFmrEF only accounted for 22.01% of the patients with HF. The clinical characteristics of HFmrEF in this study suggested that being older and having coronary disease might play important roles.

Key words:
Heart failure; Ejection fraction; Clinical characteristics


I n Coercive Concern, Jaffe-Walter's research demonstrates how state policy can encourage everyday discrimination by well-meaning professionals. This yearlong ethnographic study was conducted outside Copenhagen, Denmark, from 2007 to 2008 (with follow-ups in 2009, 2011, and 2014) at the public municipal Engby folkeskole, where children are educated through the ninth grade. Close to half of the students at Engby were firstor second-generation Muslim immigrants from "Turkey, Somalia, Croatia, Palestine, Iraq and Lebanon" (2). Introduced to teachers as an American researcher interested in schools, Jaffe-Walter conducted interviews with teachers in English (in which they were fluent) and observed students in eighthand ninth-grade English classes, using interpreters where necessary to facilitate interviews and conducting participant observation in student lounges and teacher workrooms. In addition to interviewing a sample of eighthand ninth-grade students, Jaffe-Walter established close relationships with three ninth-grade female "focal participants" (11). In Denmark, Jaffe-Walter argues, gendered, racialized nationalist discourses have positioned immigrants as outsiders despite the state's "commitment to humanitarian aid, openness to refugees, and egalitarianism" (13). In this context, teachers' coercive concern for students' assimilation to Danish lifestyles and ambitions is seen as an extension of the state's obligation to reduce disparities between Muslims and non-Muslims and promote the welfare of those of immigrant background in a state guided by the image of white, Christian nationhood. Jaffe-Walter reviews the literature on immigration and integration relating to Denmark and discusses political developments influencing the "contested place" (45) of Muslims. She cites, for example, the 2005 Danish Ministry of Gender Equality's action plan, Employment, Participation, and Equal Opportunities for Everyone, which proposed efforts to adapt the opinions of immigrant youth, especially Muslim youth, concerning gender roles in the family and "the rights of women in Denmark" (53). The duties of Danish citizenship as set forth in the loyalty oath introduced with the 2006 integration contract are discussed as


The concept of providing an on-line car pooling service to facilitate matching of drivers and riders has been around for a while. A number of systems or trials have also been built for use in university campuses or on-line communities. These systems however are quite restrictive in terms of the quality of matches and flexibility of pick-up/drop-off places, routes and schedules. Capitalizing on the ubiquitous wireless networks and GPS-enabled mobile devices, we have developed a smart ride-share system with an efficient scheduling algorithm for ride sharing, which can potentially achieve better vehicle utilization, energy consumption and user convenience. This paper describes the algorithms adopted in the system and presents a performance evaluation. The results show that with the proposed algorithm, ride-share scheduling can be achieved efficiently with large size of fleets.


[Objective] To explore the effects of early education on the temperament and intelligence development in infants.[Methods] 87 normal infants were assigned to early education group(47subjects)or the control group(40 subjects).All children of the two groups were assesed by Gesell Developmental Scales(GDS)and children temperament questionnaires(EITQ,RITQ,TTS)developed by Carey.47 infants in early education group accepted early education and intervention on temperament.After two years and a half,the data of these two groups were analyzed.[Results] There were significant difference of some temperamental dimensions such as activity level,rhythmicity,approach or withdrawal,adaptability,intensity of reaction,quality of mood,persistence and distractibility.Compared with the control group,difficult children in the experiment group decreased and developmental quotient(DQ)increased.[Conclusions] Early education has a positive effect on the child's temperament and intelligence development,and can prevent child behavioral problems of difficult children.


Synopsis Liouville type transformations are given for symmetric linear ordinary and partial differential operators of second order. Explicit formulas are given for the coefficients of the transformed operators. As a corollary to the general theory we obtain an "Atkinson form" for certain first order vector partial differential operators. This leads to a generalization of the concept of "g-unitary" transformations. Applications to oscillation and spectral theories are included.


Abstract Sediment accumulation within ocean trenches located at actively accreting convergent margins is determined by an interplay between sediment supply, sediment subduction/accretion at the toe of the overriding accretionary complex and the rate of subduction. Modelling trench sedimentation provides insight into the principal controlling factors, and a means of deriving, from the pattern of sedimentation, how factors, such as the rates of sediment supply and subduction, have varied over the period of accumulation of the trench sediments. Two DSDP-ODP drill sites within the Nankai Trough reveal a coarsening-upward megasequence, indicating a progressive facies transition from abyssal muds to outer-trench silts to inner-trench sands. The changing geometry of the trench-wedge over the past 1 Myr has been determined by modelling variations in net sediment flux for two trench-perpendicular profiles. The models were constrained to fit the stratigraphy at the drill sites, and the simulated present-day geometries of the trench were matched with those shown on seismic reflection profiles by successive adjustment of the model. Results from both sites confirm a 'slow' subduction rate of <20 km Myr-1. At the south-western site (582), the width of the trench-wedge has ranged from 13 to 21 km over the past 1 Myr. To the north-east, at Site 808, the width has ranged from 7 to 13 km over the past 0.5 Myr. These changes in trench-wedge width are primarily the result of large changes in sediment supply rate. The subduction of the Shikoku Ridge, a fossil spreading centre adjacent to Site 808, has had a major influence on the style of sedimentation within the trench.

The style of accretion from the trench to the toe of the accretionary complex has important implications for geometrical adjustment of the trench-wedge. Thrust displacement lifts the protothrust region out of the trench, resulting in a decreased width. This is followed by a phase of increasing width as the trench-wedge adjusts towards a new equilibrium. The cyclical, episodic accretion process results in a periodic second-order variation in trench-fill size that is superimposed on primary trends determined by variations in sediment supply rates and subduction rates over time.


Eddy diffusion and momentum forcing in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere arise principally from the effects of breaking gravity and waves. The propagation and dissipation of gravity waves depend strongly on season and latitude because of its relationship to the background zonal wind. These processes have significant effects on the transport of chemical species in that region, so that observations of variations in chemical constituents provide useful tracers for dynamical theory. A parameterization of gravity wave propagation and dissipation was incorporated in the coupled dynamical-chemical model to study these effects. Several easily observable airglow features of the mesosphere-thermosphere region are shown to provide sensitive indications of gravity wave influence. In particular, theoretical predictions of large seasonal and latitudinal variations in the atomic oxygen green line, the Meinal bands of excited OH, and the O3 densities inferred from O2 (delta supra 1 sub g) emission at altitudes from 75 to 90 km are shown to be in remarkably good agreement with observations. Implications of these sensitive chemical tracers for the dynamics of the mesosphere-lower thermosphere region and its relationship to gravity waves are discussed.


The principle of PWM controller NCP1200A, which is used to control low-power off-line power supply, is presented. Then the advantages of this PWM controller are illuminated by results of experiment, that are derived from the prototype machine of a multiple output flyback converter.


In the present communication, habitat ecology of Om pok pabo (Ham-Buchanan) in Goronga beel (Wetland), Morigaon; Assam were studied from September 2007 to August 2009. The wetland is riverine in origin an d lies between the latitude of 19 0 2 / E and longitude of 26 0 15 / N. The endangered fish, Ompok pabo now restricte d only few natural habitat including this wetland. Physico-chemical attribute s of the wetland showed within permissible limit to support significantly in habitat suitability of the species. A total of 77 species recorded from the wetland during the period of investigation. The less recorded species in Bagr idae family was also help in habitat suitability of Ompok pabo. The Shannon‐Weiner diversity index of fish populati on of the wetland ranged from 2.11 to 3.41, which s indicates maximum species richness of the wetland. The floral and other faunal diversity of the wetland also showed important role in shaping microhabitat of th e species.