Cereal Chem. 67(5):502-504 Cakes were prepared containing 0, 50, 75, or 100% high-fructose corn physical and chemical variables. Sweetener had a significant main effect syrup as a replacement for sucrose. All-purpose flour and cake flour on the linespread of the batter, and the moisture content, deformation, were used at each level of sweetener. The physical and chemical measureand crumb color of the baked cakes. Flour type had a significant main ments of the batter included specific gravity and linespread. Moisture effect on volume and crumb color of the baked cakes. Sensory scores content, deformation, volume, and crust and crumb color physical and did indicate an interaction between level of sweetener and flour type chemical measurements were made on the baked cakes. A sensory panel for crust color, moistness, and tenderness variables. There was no sigalso evaluated crust and crumb color, flavor, moistness, and tenderness. nificant flour X sweetener interaction for crumb color sensory scores. The data suggested no significant flour X sweetener interactions in the Research interest is on the rise to produce a satisfactory cake product using high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a replacement for sucrose. HFCS is economically stable and is a syrup easily incorporated into formulations. Problems with HFCS in baked goods, such as excessive browning, lower volume, loss of tenderness, and bitter taste, are discussed in Koepsel and Hoseney (1980) and Coleman and Harbers (1983). Nonetheless, the low cost, price stability, and availability of the corn-based sweetener sustains our interest in research. Johnson and Harris (1989) considered effects of acidulants in controlling browning of cakes with 100% HFCS. Johnson et al (1989) considered effects of HFCS on browning, starch gelatinization, and sensory characteristics of cakes. The objective of this study was to monitor seven physical and chemical measures of cakes such as linespread, specific gravity, volume, moisture, deformation, and color differences for each of eight cake treatments. The cake treatments consisted of varied levels of HFCS (0, 50, 75, and 100%) as a replacement for sucrose in combination with 100% cake flour or all-purpose flour. A variety of sensory measures was integrated into the study. Statistical analyses took into account the interacting effects of level of HFCS and flour type on the variables of interest. A comparison is made with the 100% sucrose control noting the strength of


Wellens' Syndrome is a left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery disease which first described in 1982 by de Zwaan et al. A byphasic T or deeply inverted T are the typical Wellen's electrocardiogram (ECG) changes which represent a critical stenosis. It may be presented without any typical symptoms, and normal or mildly elevated enzymes depends on its onset.

 A 56-years-old male, admitted to ER with typical chest pain within 1 day. The first ECG showed byphasic T wave on V2 and V3, and an hour serial ECG showed a deeply inverted T wave on V2 and V3. Cardiac marker showed an elevated Troponin I levels of 1,590.6 ng/L. The patient was diagnosed with acute NSTEMI and underwent an early invasive strategy on the next day. Coronary angiography revealed total occlusion of the proximal LAD, and implantation of drug eluting stent was done accordingly. The patient remained symptoms-free after the procedure and discharged in stable condition.

 This patient suffering a left coronary total occlusion with no appearance of any ST-elevation on ECG. Therefore, a critical stenosis does not always came up with a typical ST-segment changes. Wellen's type ECG showed how the T waves evolution would represent a critical stenosis. Early recognition of Wellen's typical ECG in this patient lead to early invasive strategy decision and later resulted a good outcome.


It is well known that, as Mr. Wylie has said, "Works of Fiction par excellence are not admitted to form a part of the Chinese National Literature." We look in vain for such books in the Catalogue of the Imperial Library. In the Supplements to the Ch'un Ch'iû of Confucius, especially in that of Tso Ch'iû-ming, we find many narratives full of stirring adventure, which have secured for him the title of "The Froissart of China." But his Work belongs to the department of history, and the finest passages in it owe their interest to the ability of the author, whom the late Stanislas Julien used to denominate, in his letters to me, "Un grand écrivain." In the works of Lieh-tsze, who could hardly be later than Tso Ch'iû-ming, and of Chwang-tsze, we have a good deal of Tâoist mythology and speculation; and, later on, Han Fei, Hwai-nan Tsze, Han Ying, Liû Hsiang, and others supply us with a multitude of incidents and anecdotes, with now and then an apologue, employed to point the moral of some classical passage or important statement of the authoritative writings of the Schools to which they severally belonged.


In this study, an innovative technique is employed to modify the microstructure and increase the mechanical characteristics of the Al5083 joint made by friction stir spot welding (FSSW). In this technique entitled FSSVW (friction stir spot vibration welding), the workpiece is vibrated during FSSW. Noted processes were modeled and finite element simulation results were also analyzed. The results showed that workpiece vibration during FSSW led to grain refinement, larger weld region, and improvement of the mechanical properties, namely tensile shear strength and hardness, of the joint. Stir zone grain size decreased by about 25% and tensile shear strength value increased by about 20% by applying workpiece vibration during FSSW. The results also indicated that the tensile shear strength and hardness enhanced, as vibration frequency increased. It was concluded that the presence of vibration increased the material deformation in the stir zone and led to enhanced deformation of the material. This intensified the dynamic recrystallization and resulted in grain refinement. It was also found that tensile residual stresses developed in the stir zone of FSS and FSSV welded specimens and tensile residual stress values for FSSV welded specimens were higher than those for FSS welded specimens for about 10%. It was concluded that the effect of grain size on hardness is higher than the effect of residual stress. Higher ductility is predicted for FSSV welded specimen with higher vibration frequency and also for specimen welded with less dwell time; finite element simulation was also applied to analyze the effects of workpiece vibration during FSSW on strain distribution as well as hardness and residual stress distribution within the joint during FSSW and FSSVW processes. Finite element simulation results had good compatibility with experimental results. It was concluded that the strain values and flow velocity relating to the FSSVW process are higher than those relating to the FSSW process.


The non-commutative O(N) Gross-Neveu model is solved in the large N limit in two and three space-time dimensions. The commutative version of the two dimensional model is a renormalizable quantum field theory, both in a coupling constant expansion and an expansion in 1/N. The non-commutative version has a renormalizable coupling constant expansion where ultraviolet divergences can be removed by adjusting counterterms to each order. On the other hand, in a previous work [1] we showed that the non-commutative theory is not renormalizable in the large N expansion. This is argued to be due to a combined effect of asymptotic freedom and the ultraviolet/infrared mixing that occurs in a non-commutative field theory. In the present paper we will elaborate on this result and extend it to study the large N limit of the three dimensional Gross-Neveu model. We shall see that the large N limit of the three dimensional theory is also trivial when the ultraviolet cutoff is removed.


The advances in ultrasound screening and laboratory techniques are now leading to the discovery of an increasing number of abnormalities during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. This earlier diagnosis allows, in addition to an earlier interruption of pregnancy in the case of fetal malformation incompatible with life, a better organization of perinatal care. We report two cases of fetal malformation diagnosed during ultrasound surveillance collected at the Souissi maternity clinic in Rabat.


Abstract : The chi square goodness of fit test is widely used as a means of validation of a probability model. Acceptance of a probability model on the basis of a chi square test is a dangerous procedure in the absence of a thorough knowledge of the power of the test for a broad class of reasonable alternatives. The power of the chi square test is examined via simulation at signal plus noise alternatives to the geometric and the Poisson distribution, and the power is seen to compare unfavorably with that of the likelihood ratio test. Likelihood ratio tests are thus advanced as goodness of fit criteria when signal plus noise alternatives are deemed relevant. (Author)


Genomic selection is a technology which uses genome wide DNA markers, and a large reference population of individuals genotypes for these markers and phenotyped for the target trait(s), to derive prediction equations which can then be used to predict genomic estimated breeding values for selection candidates. The selection candidates can be genotyped at a very early stage in life, even as embryos, enabling rapid turnover in generations. More than three million livestock have been genotyped for SNP arrays for the purposes of genomic selection, and in dairy cattle, the technology has doubled the rate of genetic gain. Genomic selection has also been widely implemented in crops. In both livestock and crops, genomic selection is being combined with advance reproductive technologies (eg IVF in cattle and speed breeding in wheat) to further accelerate gains. Future increases in accuracy of phenotype predictions (predicting an individual's future performance) rather may come from combining genome and commensal microbiome profile information, and an example is given for feed efficiency in cattle. KEYNOTE: GENOMIC TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION OF GENOMICS TO ENHANCE NEW ZEALAND CHINOOK SALMON BREEDING Walker S.P.a§, Symonds J.E.a, Clarke S.M.b, Dodds K.G.b, Blanchard B.c, Sutherland D.c aAquaculture Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand bInvermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand cMount Cook Alpine Salmon, Twizel 7944, New Zealand Aquaculture is an important primary industry for New Zealand and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is one of the main species farmed, currently producing close to NZD $100 million p.a. in export revenue. The three largest salmon farming companies operate in-house vertically integrated breeding programmes, including two established family based programmes now in their fourth and ninth generations, and one mass selection programme. Families are evaluated on commercial farms in mixed family groups reared together since the eyed egg or first feeding stage. Family identification relies on genotyping, traditionally using microsatellite DNA (msDNA) markers for parentage assignment. More recently, high-throughput molecular genotyping methods, coupled with efficient tissue sampling through to the bioinformatic and statistical analyses, have enabled the development of genomic tools for New Zealand Chinook salmon. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) has proven to be a reliable and cost-effective alternative to msDNA genotyping and provides more accurate estimates of relatedness, inbreeding and genetic diversity that can be applied across programmes to better manage genetic health. We have recently completed GBS on broodstock sampled from multiple breeding programmes, reliably generating in the range of 35,000 to 46,000 SNPs per individual for analysis. GBS has been implemented within a mass selection programme to better manage matings, avoid crossing relatives and maintain diversity. The aim is also to implement genomic selection across breeding programmes to deliver within family selection benefits for difficult to measure traits and enhance genetic gain.


PURPOSE: Devices and methods for measuring the concentrations of combustible gas and hydrocarbon are provided to sharply detects the combustible gas by suppressing the reliance for the concentration of oxygen and the temperature of the measured gas and to represent the stable response by exactly measuring the concentrations. CONSTITUTION: A paste as a reference electrode(21) is spread on an inner surface of a cylindrical solid electrolyte(1). A platinum as a first reference electrode layer(22a) is plated from the boundary between a heating resistance(41) and a lead portion(42) inside a heater element(4) to the tip of the electrolyte. A paste containing a gold powder and an indium oxide powder as a second reference electrode layer(22b) is spread on the platinum plated layer. A diffusion layer(5) containing a spinel is formed on the surface of a detecting electrode by a thermal spraying. The heater element is installed to contact its tip with the inside bottom of the solid electrolyte. Lead lines are withdrawn from the reference electrodes to measure internal resistance. The lead lines and the lead line of the detecting electrode are contacted with a temperature controller(7).


(a) that the problems associated with this neglect may, in themselves, be interesting from a sociological point of view. (b) that the topic has both intrinsic interest for the sociologist today and that it has wider relevance to, for example, aspects of social structure. (c) that, in so far as it is an example of possibly curious counter-tendencies to certain widespread trends in deviance, it may be of especial interest.


Perovskite solar cells are emerging as serious candidates for thin film photovoltaics with power conversion efficiencies already exceeding 16%. Devices based on a planar heterojunction architecture, where the MAPbI3 perovskite film is simply sandwiched between two charge selective extraction contacts, can be processed at low temperatures (<150 °C), making them particularly attractive for tandem and flexible applications. However, in this configuration, the perovskite crystals formed are more or less randomly oriented on the surface. Our results show that by increasing the conversion step temperature from room temperature to 60 °C, the perovskite crystal orientation on the substrate can be controlled. We find that films with a preferential orientation of the long axis of the tetragonal unit cell parallel to the substrate achieve the highest short circuit currents and correspondingly the highest photovoltaic performance.


As the application market of voltage source inverters is consistently expanding, new control technologies are also being explored. This article presents a novel PIR controller using the conventional controller as a point of comparison and validated by tests conducted in MATLAB, the results of which led to the conclusion that the PIR controller has superior performance when compared with the traditional PI controller, R controller, and PR controller. These controllers are tested on a voltage source inverter system. In contrast to the conventional controller, the PIR controller demonstrates extra control flexibility through the Bode diagram and offers enhanced steady-state tracking capability. The analysis and comparison show that the PI controller does not have good dynamic tracking performance and cannot suppress the unbalance of secondary AC pulsation. The new control approach suggested in this paper may be implemented in the system to improve the system's stability and dependability, increase the smoothness of the overall output, and assure the quality of the output.


Modern time system penetrates the school deeply,on the one hand accurate and orderly time management maintains the normal operation of school,on the other hand the principle of giving priority to efficiency in industrialized society covers up the principle of morality,which results in ignoring the development of human life. Based on combing the concept of evolution of time,this article analysis the relationship between school education time and human,revealing the moral implication of education time and put forward relevant proposals.


Aiming at the universal problem of time-delay in the Network Control System (NCS) based on the better control of Smith predictive compensation to deal with time delay and the ability of single neuron adaptive PSD algorithm does not need identification process parameters, this paper proposes an intelligent Smith-PSD control based on single neuron adaptive PSD control algorithm and Smith predictive compensation algorithm. The simulation results show that the new controller has a strong robustness and self adaptive, has desirable static and dynamic performance, and its performance is better than that of the regular single neuron PID control or single neuron Smith-PID control.


Auger electron spectroscopy was used to examine surface segregation in the binary alloys copper-1 at. % indium, copper-2 at. % tin and iron-6.55 at. % silicon. The copper-tin and copper-indium alloys were single crystals oriented with the /111/ direction normal to the surface. An iron-6.5 at. % silicon alloy was studied (a single crystal oriented in the /100/ direction for study of a (100) surface). It was found that surface segregation occurred following sputtering in all cases. Only the iron-silicon single crystal alloy exhibited equilibrium segregation (i.e., reversibility of surface concentration with temperature) for which at present we have no explanation. McLean's analysis for equilibrium segregation at grain boundaries did not apply to the present results, despite the successful application to dilute copper-aluminum alloys. The relation of solute atomic size and solubility to surface segregation is discussed. Estimates of the depth of segregation in the copper-tin alloy indicate that it is of the order of a monolayer surface film.


The paper considers a novel numerically-experimental method for determining a complete set of elastic deformation characteristics of anisotropic (composite) materials. The initial data consisted of distributions of deflections in a circular plate specimen under various types of bending and a variation of contour loading points. Registration of deflection fields is done using digital speckle pattern interferometry. The values of interest are calculated during the solution process of the reverse problem by the step-by-step method of successive approximations using FEM-simulation. Results of practical applications of the approach are given.


The high-frequency method for solving the scattering from the wedges of conductive targets with electrically large size in half space is presented in this paper. To take into account of the influence of environment,the half-space equivalent edge current method is deduced by introducing the half-space Greens function into the equivalent edge current method. Combined with the graphical-electromagnetic computing method,the shadow regions are eliminated quickly and the edge pixel parameters are obtained by reading the edge pixels. Meanwhile,we also make use of the half-space physical optical method to treat the complex targets,and then the radar cross section of the complex targets can be exactly calculated in half space. The numerical results show that this method is efficient and accurate.


Background In pregnancy drug treatment presents a special concern due potential teratogenic effects and physiologic alterations in mother. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the drug prescribing pattern in pregnancy among pregnant women in a secondary care hospital in India. Materials and methods This cross-sectional retrospective study was done for 3 months using pre-formatted forms and patient's records. Results A total of 326 drugs, including 46 different types of drugs, were prescribed to 606 gravid women. Eight different types of medications were started before being seen at the antenatal clinic. Most of these drugs fall under US FDA pregnancy categories B and C and few under categories A, X and N. Conclusion This study reflects a good, safe and rational medication practice during pregnancy in various common disorders in a secondary care hospital and can be cited as an example to similar primary and secondary care hospitals.


est of the reader, he or she should consult the outside texts provided at the end of each chapter for more detailed information. With the arrival of the third edition comes the addition of current issues facing gender equality activists. The reader may find many of these fiercely debated topics familiar, thus establishing a connection between current events and the underlying theory discussed in this book. Topics include women in military combat, the portrayal of gender and sexuality in the media, and the wage gap between women and men. Synthesizing theory with these empirical examples will encourage the reader to think critically about the weight of gender on any given social issue. Students will find Gendered Worlds to be a fitting guide to the many gender concepts integrated into modern societies.


In this article the authors present the system assessing the achievements of preschool children in Lithuania, the teacher's opinion regarding the description of achievements assessment of preschool children and its adaptation in a preschool education institution. This article presents the recommendations for the optimization of achievements assessment of preschool children. The quantitative research was applied in accordance with the interpretative attitude, a total of 130 preschool education teachers and managers from Klaipeda region. The results: optimization of implementation of description, assessing the achievements of preschool children, by preparing the model of description; motivation of teachers to improve the skills of assessing the achievements of children, rationalizing and allocating the cost of labor in the teaching process; better education planning process with regard to children's individual needs and abilities, which are determined in the model of achievements assessment of preschool children.


The utility model discloses an antenna and a hand-held communication device. The antenna is applicable to the hand-held communication device having a conductive frame. The antenna comprises an antenna feed, an antenna grounding, an antenna line made of conductive maternal, and a part of the conductive frame of the hand-held communication device. The conductive frame of the hand-held communication device has at least one circuit break area. The part of the conductive frame of the hand-held communication device used as the antenna has two points connected with the antenna line. One end of the antenna feed is connected with the part of the conductive frame of the hand-held communication device used as the antenna, while the other end is connected with a radio frequency output part. One end of the antenna grounding is connected with the part of the conductive frame of the hand-held communication device used as the antenna, while the other end is grounded. The antenna provided by the utility model is simple in structure and easy to arrange, saving the inner space of the hand-held communication device. Besides, it is not needed to form a matched network or select proper electric elements, such as inductors and capacitors, by debugging, thereby saving the debugging time.


Magainins are a class of antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis . MSI-99 is a synthesized magainin II analogue with inhibitory effects to a wide spectrum of microbial organisms, including bacteria, fungus and viruses. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most destructive pathogens in rape ( Brassica napus ), causing devastating yield losses. To evaluate its resistance to rape Sclerotina rot, we transferred the MSI-99m gene (modified MSI-99 ) into Chinese rape variety Zhongyou 821 using Agrobacterium -mediated method. Nine transformed lines carrying a MSI-99m expression vector were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), among which seven lines expressed MSI-99m gene according to qRT–PCR analysis. Disease resistance analysis consistently showed that the high level expression of MSI-99m increased resistance to S. sclerotiorum in transgenic rape lines. This result demonstrated that MSI-99m gene may be applied as a resistant gene resource in rape for the improvement of rape varieties.


Discussion about the compositional processes in the work of Elomar Figueira Mello, here considered in two ways: regionalist and popular (as found in his cancioneiro) and classical (represented mainly by his operas). His work integrates several styles such as the "cantoria nordestina" (Brazilian northeastern way of singing), the flamenco style, the "seresta", the "tango", Christian anthems e and the classical music. This integration produces harmonic contexts with blends of modalism and tonalism and complex phrase forms derived mainly from the regional dialects from the south of Bahia. The style of Elomar reveals some of the "lost links" in the Brazilian music formation through the admirable hybridism of several styles and technics.


A major obstacle in the effort to develop drought tolerant varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is phenotyping. Traits known to contribute to improved drought tolerance, such as water-use behavior, reliance on stem reserve carbohydrates, and the ability to develop deep roots, require time and resource-intensive screening techniques. Plant breeding programs often have many thousands of experimental genotypes, which makes testing for each of these traits impractical. This work proposes that carbon isotope discrimination (∆) analysis of mature grains may serve as a relatively high-throughput approach to identify genotypes exhibiting traits associated with drought tolerance. Using ∆ as a proxy for stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity, assumptions can be made regarding fundamental plant physiological responses. When combined with knowledge of the terminal drought severity experienced in a particular environment, genotypes exhibiting conservative and rapid water use, deep roots, and reliance on stem reserve carbohydrates may be identified. Preliminary data in support of this idea are presented. Further verification of this use for grain ∆ will better equip wheat breeding programs to develop more drought tolerant varieties.


Continuous magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were conducted at Sakurajima volcano, Japan, revealing syn‐eruption electric pulses (and sometimes accompanying geomagnetic pulses). Movies of the eruptions, recorded with timing provided by a GPS clock, show a large number of volcanic lightning flashes. Some MT pulses occurred simultaneously with lightning flashes. Pulses were observed more than 10 seconds after the onset of the eruption, and tend to occur during eruptions that emit volcanic ash to high altitudes. Pulses were more common during mild eruptions rather than during Vulcanian eruptions. The observations suggest that the dominant mechanism of volcanic lighting is similar to that of lightning in thunderstorms, in that it requires the collision of particles and subsequent separation of positive and negative charge.


Since the emergence of COVID-19, migration of people has transferred the virus to new locations, causing the epidemic to expand, and local governments have put in place control measures to prevent the virus from spreading further. As of January 24, 2020, we calculated the population immigration from Wuhan to the rest of mainland China using migration statistics from the Gaode Map. In addition, we utilized machine learning methods to simulate the curve of the COVID-19 epidemic in different regions and over different time periods. Furthermore, we used machine learning methods to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic curve in various regions and over various time periods. Based on the Wuhan exodus, we built a migration transmission risk model. From January 24 to February 19, 2020, we predicted the location, severity, and timing of epidemics in various parts of mainland China. We showed how discrepancies in model predictions might be utilized to measure transmission load in different parts of the country. Higher transmission risk indices suggest more community transmission in the region. According to the study, states with lower transmission risk indices but fewer cases than expected may have taken highly effective public health measures.


In this paper we discuss the issues of applying protective coatings on the copper anodes of powerful generator tubes. As a synthesized material due to its high operational properties was chosen titanium carbide obtained by sputtering a titanium cathode in benzene vapors. Scheme of a vacuum arc device used in this work and also the technological processes for the plasmachemical synthesis of coatings on complex shape anodes are described. For a correct choice of the technological parameters it was considered a model of penetration of the plasma flux into the hollow copper anode that was verified by experiments using a setup with a variable cavity diameter. On the emission spectrum of the discharge in the process of coating deposition shown in this work were recorded spectral lines corresponding to the atoms and ions of titanium and carbon ions. We investigated the distribution of elements across the thickness of the formed coating immediately after deposition and after annealing in vacuum, also the X‐ray diffraction pattern and a microsection for the obtained titanium carbide coating are presented. As a result of the work it can be noted that the described sequence of technological processes, subject to the control of plasma flux parameters, allows obtaining a high quality protective coating on parts of complex shape.


In this paper a new space-time cooperative diversity relaying strategy using partner selection technique is proposed. More than one relaying terminal are included in one cooperative group to share their state information, such as frame error rate and channel state information. The best terminals are selected to send binary information using space-time diversity relay system. In the implementation for the proposed scheme the TDMA cooperative protocol is also presented. The resulting receive signal to transmit signal ratio(Er/Es) and computer simulation demonstrate that the proposed strategy outperforms the conventional cooperative system.


Background: Fine dust includes dust and particles suspended in the air, which reduce visibility and have different origins. The present study aimed to investigate the abundance of air bacteria during micro dust storms in Lorestan province using classical methods.
Materials and Methods: In this study, sampling was performed in three cities of Lorestan province. Air bacteria were isolated by classical methods, and data analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test. The relationship between the abundance of bacteria and meteorological parameters was investigated and analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficient test.
Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that 96 colonies grew on the TSA medium. Moreover, %55.2 of these colonies were bacteria, and %44.8 were yeast. Poldakhtar and Khorramabad stations showed the highest (%25) and lowest (%8.33) frequencies. On the R2A medium, 184 colonies grew. In addition, %69 of these colonies were bacteria, and %31 were yeast. Kohdasht and Khorramabad stations had the highest (%34.8) and lowest (%4.3) frequencies. In TSA and R2A environments, the most and least frequently observed isolates were Bacillus and Actinomycetes, and the highest microbial frequency was related to Kohdasht and Poldakhter. According to Spearman's correlation test, there was a direct relationship between the amount of fine dust and the abundance of bacteria (P=0.637, r=0.026), and a significance inverse linear relationship was observed between wind speed and the number of colonies (P=0.048, r = -0.569).
Conclusion: Bacterial abundance was higher in the R2A medium. The dominant bacteria in the TSA environment were Bacillus and Micrococcus, and in the R2A environment, Bacillus and Corynebacterium. The results pointed out that the amount of fine dust and wind speed have an effect on the abundance and diversity of air bacteria.


PREGNANCIES have occurred in the presence of or after the removal of dysgerminomata. The harborers of these rare ovarian tumors, which are usually on the right side, are not necessarily sterile. These patients may be grouped into those with normal pelvic organs and secondary sex characteristics; and those who have coincidentally undeveloped genitalia or pseudohermaphroditism. All of the pregnancies reviewed have been in the former group. The incidence is 1 in 43,822 deliveries at the Woman's Clinic of the New York Hospital. Most unusual are some of the circumstances in which the pregnancies have occurred. Lorber (1) reported a patient whose tumor was diagnosed in the third month of gestation. A corpus luteum of pregnancy was found in the capsule of the tumor. Cunningham (2) delivered a healthy infant by cesarean section from a patient with large, bilateral ovarian tumors and widespread metastases. This patient succumbed fourteen months later. Von Szathmary (3) reported a case with a fist-sized cold absces...


The multi-stack process on wafer-on-wafer (WOW) has been developed. In order to realize the multi-stacked wafer with ultra thinned wafer of less than 10μm with adhesive polymer, several processes have been optimized. The wafer thickness after back-grinding was controlled within the total thickness variation (TTV) of 1.2μm on wafer-level of 8inch. For the side wall of though silicon vias (TSV), SiN film with low deposition temperature of 150 °C has been developed and applied for TSV process without degradation for electrical characteristics. The uniformity of Cu electro-plating has been improved that the overburdened Cu from the sueface was decreased from 13.3 μm to 0.7 μm by optimizing plating solution. The CMP process following Cu electro-plating has been customized for the high rate of 5 μm/min. Finally, the stacked wafer has been evaluated for thermal cycle test (TCT) of 100 cycles with −65 to 150 °C. The result showed that there was no degradation for packaging process.


National anthems are salient representations of nation states, used to define social and personal boundaries (Folkestad, 2002). Whilst children develop knowledge of national symbols such as national anthems by the age of 5 (Jahoda, 1963), little is known about how a national anthem contributes to a sense of national identity, or the affective reactions elicited by hearing it. Two exploratory studies investigated 8–10-year-old children's (N = 92) thoughts, feelings and associations when listening to the British National Anthem, in comparison to pieces of music varying in their degree of national salience. The 10-year-old children generated more national associations to the National Anthem than younger children. More national associations were generated to the National Anthem by children with high, as opposed to low, national identity, but only for the 9- and 10-year-old children. It is argued that the National Anthem might play a role in the maintenance and validation of national identity, but that there are developmental effects operating within this relationship.


The Responsability handbook design based on the Vocational Competences Management for Vanguardia Liberal surges from the necessity to establish in the company and to inform all its members, the responsabilities, the lines of authority, Supervisions, Vocational Competences, Management Indicators, Vocational Profiles, as well as, items employed in the charge. For the elaboration of the Responsabilities Handbook, the Thomas International Firm Method was used because it allows us to identify and recognize the responsabilities of each vocational charge through the Vocational Competences and the Employees different Vocational Profiles, making the Responsability Handbook in a guiding tool for desition making, offering information in a clear and simple manner to describe Vocational in Jobs Places that every collaborating staff serving as a support to improve the management of staff training and staff development, to the objective fact that the objective of the Practice is to record and document the vocational charges of Vanguardia Liberal and, to apply the Responsabilities Handbook in the different departments so that every employee recognizes his/her contribution and level of responsability with the company, therefore contributing in the continuous production process. The activities developed in the documentation and application of the Responsabilities HANDBOOK, the Chiavenato Method was applied, where the development of the activities included the steps of: Planning, Preparing, Execution, Approval; allowing the total socialization of the vocational description formats of each studied department.


At the ankle, both brace conditions produced immediate changes in sagittal and transverse plane kinematics (Table 4, Figure A3). Relative to no brace, the adjusted brace increased the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle (mean difference [95% CI], 2.15 [1.37 -2.93 ]) (Figure A3A) and internal rotation angle (2.50 [1.45 -3.55 ]) (Figure A3C). The unadjusted brace also increased the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle (2.04 [1.40 -2.67 ]) (Figure A3A) and internal rotation angle (1.99 [0.79 -3.19 ]) (Figure A3C) as compared with no brace (Table 4). In addition, there was a significant difference in peak ankle internal rotation angle between the 2 brace conditions (P = .028) (Table 4, Figure A3C). Relative to the unadjusted brace, the adjusted brace produced a greater increase in peak ankle internal rotation angle (0.52 [0.06 -0.97 ]). TABLE 4 Peak Ankle Kinematics and External Moment Data for the 3 Study Conditions


A new type of fractal measures K s , 1 ≤ s ≤ 2, defined on the subsets of the graph of a continuous function is introduced. The K-dimension defined by this measure is «closer» to the Hausdorff dimension than the other fractal dimensions in recent literatures. For the Weierstrass type functions defined by W(x) = Σ 0 ∞ λ −αi g(λ i x), where λ > 1, 0 < α < 1, and g is an almost periodic Lipschitz function of order greater than α, it is shown that the K-dimension of the graph of W equals to 2 − α, this conclusion is also equivalent to certain rate of the local oscillation of the function. Some problems on the «knot» points and the nondifferentiability of W are also discussed


Concerns over Berlin and Cuba led American forces to confront Soviet forces in situations in which a misstep, a rash action by an aggressive or nervous officer, might have led to war. Nikita Khrushchev provoked each of these crises. The Berlin crisis he created in 1958 provides a useful example of how he functioned. The revival of German power in the late 1950s, and evidence of growing German influence within the Western alliance, worried Soviet analysts. By the spring of 1960, the American government knew unequivocally, from intelligence gathered by U-2 over-flights of the Soviet Union, that Khrushchev's claims of missile superiority were unwarranted. The Cuban Communist party was legalized and its members began to play a role, although relatively minor, in the implementation of Fidel Castro's programs. Air raids by CIA-operated bombers had failed to eliminate the tiny Cuban air force but had prompted a Cuban military alert and protest to the United Nations.


Questions on the threat posed by the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) remained unanswered after three days of congressional hearings in Washington, DC. But the meetings dampened down media frenzy through the constant repetition of the limited facts that were known.

"We are better situated to face the outbreak now than we would have been 10 years ago," said the representative Henry Waxman, at a 30 April hearing of the energy and commerce committee. That was because of resources and planning devoted to the threat of pandemic flu.

In calling for additional funding he said, "I hope …


The early expectations that serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) would make it possible to detect small, operable hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) have not yet been met. In the majority of patients, when AFP is found to be positive the HCC is already so large as to defy surgery. Furthermore, a mildly positive test for AFP is not uncommon when it is carried out in a variety of liver diseases and, particularly in acute and chronic hepatitis, AFP rises temporarily. Before this fact was known, we had to mobilize every possible means such as celiac angiography, operative portography and even laparotomy in chronic hepatitis patients who showed elevated AFP, in search of HCC. Through these experiences, we have come to realize that the only way to detect HCC in its resectable stage is to check AFP regularly, at monthly intervals if feasible, in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, to carry out liver scanning at intervals to assess speed of the disease progress, and celiac angiography when AFP has started rising sharply without evidence of preceding parenchymal damage, which is followed by a transient rise of AFP. We have so far been able to detect relatively early HCC in 4 cases, in 2 of which lobectomy was carried out (FIGURE 1 ) .


In summary, we report two cases of mesenteric ischemia following cocaine abuse in young women. In such cases it is always difficult to prove a direct causal relationship between the abuse of cocaine and mesenteric ischemia. Both our patients were relatively young (in their thirties) and did not have any history of atherosclerosis, and their urine toxicity screens were positive for the use of cocaine. Cocaine-related hospital visits are on the increase. Mesenteric ischemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating a young patient with a history of cocaine abuse presenting with an acute abdomen.


Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) genotypes originating from different plant collections (field collection, in vitro plant collections undergoing or not undergoing cryopreservation) were screened and characterized by SSR markers. Shoot tips excised from plants grown in vitro were successfully cryopreserved by encapsulation-dehydration. The highest regrowth frequency (69%, cultivar Goldrush) of cryopreserved apices was achieved after 24 h of osmoprotection in 0.5 M sucrose, 3 h of desiccation, and 24% water content of alginate beads. No differences in morphological characteristics including shoot length and number and length of roots were observed between controls and plants recovered after cryopreservation. SSR markers were used for calculation of genetic similarities between plants from the field collection, in vitro-micropropagated plants, or plants regenerated after liquid nitrogen storage. The set of microsatellite markers showed a low level of polymorphism among the studied genotypes, which could be distinguished by a specific combination of alleles generated by CH03g07, CH05c02, CH05d11, and CH05e03 primers. The CH03g07, CH05c02, CH05d11, CH05e03, GD96, GD147, and GD162 SSR markers exhibited low levels of polymorphism, while CH04AE07, CH04g10, GD100, and GD142 were nonpolymorphic. The Dice coefficient confirmed the effectiveness of SSRs for distinguishing between plants from ex situ collections and preserved plants. No major differences between ex situ plants, micropropagated plants, and plants recovered after cryopreservation were observed.


Biosensors are widely used to detect the presence of biological entities (pathogens, harmful chemicals, and toxins) in a sample, but their application is subject to several limitations, including detection limit and detection time. The detection limit is the minimum amount of a biological entity that can be detected. The detection limit is especially important when the threshold limit of a pathogen--the amount that could make a person sick--is very low. A biosensor is only useful if its detection limit is lower than the threshold limit of the pathogen in question.


This paper aims to identify the nature of the relationship between democracy and economic growth. We will answer the question: Does democracy improve economic growth? We study the case of Tunisia during the period from 1980 until 2014; this country has experienced a democratic transition after the revolution of 14 th January 2011. Our study is divided into two parts. The first part is a literature review of overview on the causality between democracy and economic growth. The second part as an application uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). The choice of the technical SARL aimed the study of the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between two variables in level, a procedure co-integration has been proposed by Pesaran et al (2001). The results of different empirical studies were inconclusive. Some generated a negative impact of democracy on growth while others showed the opposite. The empirical results of our work have shown that in a nascent democracy such is the case of Tunisia; democracy has no effect on economic growth in the short term. It is to add an observation rate of GDP during the period post -revolution generated a sawtooth trend which demonstrates the unstable economic situation in the country.


In order to avoid destruction of secondary equipment by high residual voltage on the lightning arrester after discharge,neutralizing transformer has been developed to largely attenuate the residual voltage on the lightning arrester which would be far higher than the durability to lightning of secondary equipment.Experiment show that the neutralizing transformer can attenuate the residual voltage up to more than 90% to realize a reasonable coordination between the attenuated residual voltage of lightning arrester and lightning protection level of secondary equipment.It has also verified by operation experience that the application of neutralizing transformer greatly reduce the lightning failure rate of secondary equipment.Now this technology has been practically applied in many composite automation substations with fine effects.


Information Retrieval (IR) is an emerging sub-field of information science concerning representation, storage; access and retrieval of information. Current research areas within the field of IR include searching and querying, ranking of search results, navigating and browsing information, optimizing information representation and storage and document classification and clustering. Within information retrieval, clustering of documents has several promising applications, all concerned with improving efficiency and effectiveness of the retrieval process. This paper focus on performance evaluation of two Partition based Document clustering algorithms. Firstly, various steps for pre-processing the documents for clustering are discussed. Second Partition based algorithms like k-means and Spherical k-means a variant of the k-means algorithm that uses cosine similarity is discussed. Finally, the performance evaluation of the algorithm is investigated with different execution of the program on the various document collections as a post processing. The execution time for each algorithm is also analyzed and the results are compared with one another.


aUnderwater, Control and Robotics Group (UCRG), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia bDepartment of Robotic & Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Malaysia Article history Received 13 March 2015 Received in revised form 14 April 2015 Accepted 15 June 2015


of the mark. Drawing on secondary accounts of slavery, lynching, and Texas history, this book does not display the kind of nuanced analysis of the social, cultural, and political factors supporting the coercive use of state power that one finds in George Wright's work on racial violence in Kentucky or W. Fitzhugh Brundage's study of lynching in Georgia and Virginia. It is, nonetheless, a solid contribution to our understanding of the relationship between race, crime, and capital punishment in American history.


Governments world-wide increasingly rely on gambling revenues, increasing the importance of understanding who gambles and why. previous literature used Tobit and Heckman models to statistically analyze participation in gambling. These models make strong assumptions about the nature of gambling participation. We examine the double hurdle model as an alternative to other statistical approaches to modeling gambling participation and spending. Our results, based on data from a 2002 survey of gambling prevalence in Alberta, clearly prefer the double hurdle mode, which yields different results than the commonly used Tobit model. JEL Codes: L83, C13


In nature, staying together is often of great selective advantage for social animals. Social animals frequently make consensus decisions, not least about group movements, in order to maintain group cohesion. Inspired by this social behavior, this paper proposes a new Particle Swarm Optimizer Based on Group Decision-Making (PSOGDM). Unlike the existing variants of PSO, historical information, such as gbest and pbest, are abandoned in PSOGDM. Instead, a consensus is decided by some elitists in the group using their current position information to lead the group members. All group members search towards the same consensus, as well as this memoryless consensus also encourages the swarm to jump out the local optima. The algorithm is experimentally validated on 20 benchmark functions. Experimental results show that the new algorithm performs much better than three popular PSO variants. Furthermore, compared with three well-know evolutionary algorithms, the results empirically demonstrate that the proposed algorithm also yields promising search performance.


An inhomogeneous structure such as the one known for evaporated amorphous Ge films has also been found in evaporated amorphous Si and sputtered CoGd films. This structure is characterized by a coherent supernetwork (SN) of low density material filling the channels between the rodlike high density regions. The properties and implications of the SN and the possible mechanisms for its development are discussed.


Inoculation of aseptically cultured minitubers with cell-free extracts from scab lesions of field-grown and cultured tubers infected with Streptomyces scabies reproduced symptoms typical of the common scab disease. Isolation and fractionation of the active components in tissue extracts by a combination of normal and reversed phase thin-layer chromatography yielded two active compounds. These have been designated thaxtomin A and thaxtomin B and characterized as unique 4-nitroindol-3-yl containing 2,5-dioxopiperazines. These phytotoxic principles satisfy all of the basic criteria of vivotoxins


FORT DEARBORN CO. (FDC) is a privately held, family-owned corporation with multiple facilities and manufacturing systems around the world. The firm's manufacturing systems provide cut-and-stack, film, pressure-sensitive and digital-printed labels for customers in the food, beverage, paint and retail industries. Most of the ergonomic-and materials handling related accidents have occurred at facilities that cut and stack labels. Cut and stack labels are made by feeding rolls of paper through a machine that cuts sheets of paper to the desired dimensions. Palletized sheets of paper are used to print the desired labels on a printing press. The printed labels are cut using cutting machines, then stacked and wrapped with cellophane plastic material and shipped to customers via common carrier. Shrink sleeve labels are made from rolls of plastic that are rolled into place on a flexographic press. Each press has several printing stations. As the plastic material is fed through each printing station, ink is applied to make the labels. The rolls of labels are slit, packaged and shipped to the customer. FDC was on OSHA's " most wanted " list of companies whose injury rates were higher than their industry average. At the beginning of 2002, two FDC divisions received letters from OSHA stating, " The agency used this [accident and injury] data to identify the workplaces with the highest lost workday injury and illness [LWDII] rates; your workplace was one of those identified. This means employees in your businesses are being injured at a higher rate than in most other businesses in the country. " The LWDII rate at these two facilities was 6.61 and 7.63, respectively. Actually, almost all FDC facilities had higher than average lost-workday incidence rates. Something had to be done—and fast. The firm's workers' compensation (WC) insurance company was not pleased with its loss records and decided to increase its rates significantly. To give an indication of the magnitude of the increase, in 1997-98, FDC paid a premium of more than $220,000. By 2001-02, the premium had increased to $1.2 million—a 491-percent increase (Figure 1). Obviously, FDC had to be aggressive in decreasing this cost. At the request of the insurance agency, the executive committee authorized the hiring of a professional safety director to turnaround the compa-ny's poor loss experience. This was a first for the company and some executives questioned the need for the additional overhead of hiring a professional. The general belief among …


Good practice in arts therapy requires reflection on its very foundations: human health that sets the therapeutic goals and the role of the therapist in the process of healing and an understanding of art that would legitimize its place in therapeutic activities. The concept of health is currently under discussion and the concept of art is inherently open. In all activities understood as auxiliary in the healing process, the primum non nocere principle applies. A thoughtless use of art in therapeutic activities can be harmful. The WHO identifies health as broadly defined well-being allowing satisfactory productivity. In this paper, such understanding of health is discussed and contrasted with an approach that views health as a dynamic state of equilibrium that we owe to the vitality of the processes of homeostasis and allostasis, while recovery is understood as an effective effort taken by the whole body to manage these processes. Such a perspective allows us to see health as both being in "good shape" and the vital ability to strive for the "good shape." I link the vitality of these processes with the human ability to be present. I see art as a uniquely human experience of the difficult, often painful process of striving for a good form, and the form itself. I call that form "affecting presence" after Robert Plant Armstrong (1971). The creative expressive process that results in the creation and recognition of such forms is seen as driven by striving for adaptation and transcendence. Fulfilling both of these goals requires a presence that enables


In this collaborative article, we – Anwar Mhajne and Crystal Whetstone – investigate our positionalities in diverse area studies through a critical reflection on our experiences as political science graduate students conducting fieldwork for our dissertations. We work across different area studies – the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and South Asia and Latin America – mainly as an insider (Mhajne) or simply as an outsider (Whetstone). Taking an interpretive approach and using the method of autoethnography, we critically reflect on our different fieldwork experiences undertaken as political science graduate students, relying on postcolonialism to guide us. We ask: how can our fieldwork experiences complicate the structures of insider and outsider in relation to our situatedness in different regions of area studies? We engage with a decolonial feminist framework to help unpack these experiences and to imagine how our varied experiences disrupt the colonization processes embedded within area studies. We conclude by identifying eight ways to further decolonize area studies based on our fieldwork and other scholars' work.


The effects of automobile exhaust on animal health were assessed by blood lead (Pb) content in adult cows grazed on road side pasture. Median blood Pb level in these cows was estimated as 0.157 ppm and more than 76% of the samples had higher blood Pb concentration than the background levels (0.108 ppm) estimated in samples from rural localities. The results suggest that increased body Pb burden could be a contributing factor for poor health and production which oftenly reported in road side- pasture- grazing cows.


In his mission letter to Arias Canete, Jean-Claude Juncker asked the designated Commissioner for Climate Action and Energy to focus on further developing EU policy for renewables in order to "be a world leader in this sector" and on promoting the EU Emissions Trading System "to ensure that we reach our climate goals in a cost-effective way". Furthermore, he would like Alenka Bratusek, the designated Vice-President for Energy Union, to focus on "completing the internal energy market" and on "increasing competition". In assessing the feasibility and desirability of this remit, this commentary finds these objectives to be very ambitious but more importantly, partially conflicting, given the state of play in EU energy markets.


A technological study of 9,500 artefacts, including 302 cores and many reffited pieces, permitted us to distinguish different modes of debitage production, including non levallois, and levallois flakes as well as blades of the Upper Palaeolithic style, though the site appears to date to recent Middle Palaeolithic


Studies dealing with neuromuscular transmission efficacy typically employ continuous patterns of activation to demonstrate decrements in endplate potential (epp) amplitude. Recent evidence from rat diaphragm muscle has shown that including periods of quiescence to the stimulation protocol allows epp amplitude to recover between series of contractions. Whether similar recovery occurs in rat hindlimb muscle is unknown. In this study, we have measured declines in epp amplitude in rat soleus muscle during trains of stimulation evoked either continuously (10 s) or intermittently (400 ms repeated every second), using an in situ approach. As in diaphragm, we found that rest periods within the intermittent trains significantly improved neuromuscular transmission efficacy. However, unlike the diaphragm, epp amplitude recovery was incomplete even by the second train in the intermittent protocols, recovery being frequency‐dependent and ranging from 40 to 50%. The results suggest that the kinetics of epp amplitude rundown and recovery may be muscle‐specific, and should be considered when evaluating situations in which neuromuscular transmission efficacy may be altered. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 810–816, 2002


In 1974 David Rubin, the then director of the Museum of  Modern Art in New York, admitted in an interview that «The Museum concept is not infinitely expandable». He ascribed this to the rupture between the traditional aesthetic categories of  painting and sculpture and the earthworks and conceptual art that were all the rage in those days. According to Rubin, this latter group called for an entirely different museum environment and, he added, perhaps a different public too. In saying: «The Museum concept is not infinitely expandable » , Rubin was , in my opinion, implicitly referring to the pro blem of  the museum as a public institution .


: The lower-stratospheric circulation of a GCM is analyzed with the new TEM scheme in the pressure-isentrope hybrid vertical coordinate. The polar stratospheric downward mass flux in winter is found to be much larger in the NH than in the SH.


[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of soil p H on Cd absorption by rice in rice production region of South China. [Method] The influence of soil p H on Cd absorption by rice in main rice production region of South China was studied. The reasons for difference of the absorption coefficient by rice under the same soil p H in the different research areas were also discussed. [Result]The soil p H had a significant impact on rice Cd absorption coefficient. There was the largest absorption ability of Cd by rice with soil p H 5- 6. The absorption coefficient decreased significantly when soil p H increasing from 6 to 7. The differences of the absorption coefficient of Cd by rice between soil p H 5- 6 and soil p H 6- 7 were up to 1. 4- 7. 4 times. Rice genotypes diversity,soil organic matter and soil texture were less able to affect the Cd absorption by rice comparing to the soil p H. The Zn / Cd ratio of soil was an important factor affecting the absorption of Cd by rice.High Zn / Cd ratio of soil tended to reduce significantly the absorption of soil Cd by rice. It may be one of the important reasons for the difference of the Cd absorption coefficient by rice among different areas at the same soil p H. [Conclusion]The research could provide certain technical reference for scientifically managing farmland.


This classification is clear-cut, impressive, and interesting. Yet it is not necessarily correct. Why? Because this classification takes into consideration only two things: the supply of raw materials and the territory. It completely ignores the most significant aspects of the problem, the economic and political structures of the countries. A comparatively proper classification, I should say, is: (1) the fascist or semi-fascist countries, the aggressive imperialists, namely, Germany and Italy in Europe, and Japan in the Far East; (2) the democratic capitalist countries, those capitalist countries whose internal economic and political conditions still permit them to maintain, at least outwardly, a democratic


Bachelor thesis deals with internal corporat communication of post banks, which has a branch in Liverpool and aim of the work is to investigate the importance of internal corporate communication. In the theoretical part, we focused on clarifying the basic concepts an issues in the literatue. In the analytical part, we describe the organizational structure of the company and we used the method of questionnaire survey. Internal communication ensures the quality and reputation of the entire company.


The Citrus maxima, commonly called pummelo, are a Rutaceae family. The Canker disease recently had an issue on Citrus species in the Delta region of Tamil Nadu. This disease is appeared by foamy oozes from the bark. The infected plant dies slowly in a short period. This study was identified the microorganism causes of foamy disease from bark and infected area. Totally 19 fungi were isolated. Among these 16 fungi were isolated from uninfected bark, 3 fungal species belonging to Ascomycetes, 2 fungal species belonging to Coelomycetes, and 10 species be classed Hyphomycetes and one sterile form, though 11 fungal species were isolated from infected bark foamy ooze, eight Hyphomycetes, one Oomycete, and two sterile forms were isolated. The RPO statistical analysis resulted, the bark fungi have been separated a group fungus from foamy fungi such a few fungi as the Fusarium, Phytophthora, and yeast have isolated in the foam. Also, the Jaccard's similarity showed 42.105% and dissimilar among to the bark and foamy fungus. The plant was decay, branch dieback and tree death may induce by fungi also that the Canker disease on Citrus may be caused by Phytophthora fungal species.


A calorimetric determination was made of G(Fe3+) for the Fricke dosimeter (0.001 M FeSO4, 0.001 M NaCl, 0.8 N H2SO4, aerated), in order to provide dosimetry for the irradiation conditions applicable to certain chemical studies. G(Fe3+) was determined as 15.2 plus or minus 0.4 at an instantaneous dose rate of 5.7 x 1021 ev ml-1 sec-1. The ferric yields determined at different instantaneous dose rates show that at dose rates > 3 x 1022 ev ml-1 G(Fe3+) decreases rapidly with increasing dose rate while below 1022 ev ml-1 sec-1 G(Fe3+) is almost constant and approaches the accepted value for gamma and electron irradiations at much lower dose rates. The calorimetric data indicate that the oxidation yield of the Fricke dosimeter can be represented adequately as 11.4 plus or minus 0.5 ions per 100 ev. The calorimetry measurements and ferric yields are tabulated.


The pilling technology utilizing trapdoor meth od in one pile foundation works is introduced. Based upon study on preparation wor k and pouring technology the hole bottom residue and mud in conduit are cleared, which also resolved the plugging and other quality problems caused by other pou ring ways.


THE purpose of this paper is to develop and estimate, for the post-Accord, 1952-65 period, a policy action function applicable to the Federal Reserve System. The policy action function relates a selected indicator of monetary policy action, as a dependent variable, to the explanatory variables conventionally thought to affect monetary policy--the level of income, the unemployment rate, the general price level and the balance of payments. Developing and testing the monetary policy action function could contribute to recent dialogue on appropriate indicators of monetary policy.' It could also provide insights into the systematic responses of the policy maker to the explanatory variables. Finally, it could establish part of the groundwork for longer-run monetary policy strategy.2 Unilateral causality in the policy action function will follow from the author's assumption of a one-period lag in the response of the explanatory variables to monetary * The author is indebted to: George G. Kaufman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago; George R. Green and E. Ray Canterbery of the University of Maryland; Carl T. Arlt, Case Sprenkle, and Walter McMahon of the University of Illinois for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Computer assistance was provided by Cynthia Latta of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Alice Landt of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Much of the work was completed under a research grant from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.


At present,many routing protocols have been proposed for high energy utilization in cluster-based wireless sensor networks,however,these protocols didn't consider the security factor.To address the issue,the paper presents a dynamic key distribution protocol-SDKD based on clustering,it considers both the node's residual energy and location information to optimize the cluster head election mechanism,and uses the dynamic key generated by Hash functions to encrypt the communication process.The simulation results show that,compared to the typical clustering protocol LEAP,SDKD cuts down the energy consumption and extends the life cycle of the network.


The inclusion behavior between molecular nanotubes and linear polymer chains in aqueous solutions is experimentally investigated by measuring the optical absorption spectra of the solutions with iodine as a probe. It is found that the amount of polymer chains included into nanotubes increases with polymer length, which indicates a molecular recognition of the nanotube for the polymer length in the complex formation. Furthermore, the experimental results are compared with a theory based on the Flory–Huggins lattice model. They are in good agreement with each other and the inclusion energy between the molecular nanotube and the linear polymer chain is evaluated.


in general, the translation of Marcone is more felicitous (cf. ad locum: 'aria e acqua sono posti nel mezzo tra fuoco e terra come elementi connettivi di due estremi'). The annotation (187 footnotes on the translation) covers numerous questions arising in the hymn. There are illuminative explanations of the details (e.g. nn. 150, 176, 177, 179, 181, 236), interesting parallels from the Christian tradition (nn. 102, 142) and the broader religious context (nn. 110, 149, 191, 221), and in general the notes testify to M.'s impressive erudition. What I missed is a more systematic engagement with the text itself and with previous interpretations of specific passages. There are many intriguing questions that M. does not discuss in detail, including the Aristotelian-Phoenician doctrine of light (Chapter 7), the place of the solar disc (Chapter 28), or the relation of the winter solstice and Christmas (n. 239). The largest part of the introduction (pp. 6–18), as well as many of the comments, argue in favour of the Mithraic interpretation of the hymn proposed especially by F. Cumont (La théologie solaire [1913]) and P. Athanassiadi (JThS [1977]). According to this interpretation, the emperor was an initiate of the mysteries of Mithras (which did not prevent one from being an adept of other mystery cults as well) but since he was not permitted to reveal these secret doctrines (cf. pp. 16– 17) it is the reader's task to decode the allusions hidden in the text. This may be true to a certain extent, although, despite M.'s vast knowledge of Mithraism, not all his arguments seem to be compelling when applied to Julian's hymn (cf. nn. 114, 121, 137). On the other hand, in order to have a more balanced picture, the results of scholars of Neoplatonism and other fields (e.g. J.-C. Foussard in Braun-Richer [edd.], L'Empereur Julien [1978], W. Fauth, Helios Megistos [1995], J. Dillon in Itaca [1998/99], J. Opsomer in C. Schäfer [ed.], Kaiser Julian [2008]) should also be taken into consideration. More convincing is M.'s suggestion that the hymn has a hitherto relatively neglected political dimension (pp. 18–23, cf. also nn. 174, 180, 183). This seems to be a path that promises new insights, especially in the light of Julian's œuvre as a whole.


Architects and planners will increasingly have to deal with developments in urban sites where existing context is a critical part of their design considerations. It is therefore important that architects can envision the potential of emerging technologies as means to assist architectural design in the changing face of our build environment. The objective of this paper is to examine the opportunities which image-based modeling (IM) can offer to the architectural design in a context -rich urban built-environment by providing better means of representation of the design context. By drawing relations from the available precedents and the research findings, the paper provides insights into how IM application can create stronger visual awareness of the context, in order to assist design within such condition. This paper shows that the reliability of the IM models in terms of geometric accuracy and rendering quality decreases as the physical scale of the subject increases. The best result is generated from modeling small objects in studio environment as compare to creating larger architectural objects in exterior conditions.


The paper presents a novel design of tunable third-order parallel-coupled line filter. The design is based on using short-circuited resonators loaded in series by varactor diodes. Integrating the varactor diodes in the middle of the resonator has made this design unique. It is shown that varying the internal capacitance the varactor diodes has a direct impact on tuning the odd-mode resonance frequency of the resonator. The proposed concept is validated by comparing theoretical equations to circuit simulations. Very good agreement is found. When the concept is applied to the design of a third-order parallel line-coupled filter, the obtained tuning range is ±27.3% (central frequency tuned between 1.74 and 3.05 GHz). In addition, the filter presents good electrical performance and compact size (73% surface miniaturization) with respect to the state of art results.


OBJECTIVE: To estimate the dependence of expiratory flows in asbestos exposed workers to body mass index and duration of smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spirometric tests using SPIROBANK (Italy) were performed among 97 healthy male workers, divided into groups according to their body mass index and smoking status. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between non-smokers and smokers with 10 and more pack years were found for FEV2575 (р = 0.003), FEV25 (р = 0.003), FEV50 (р = 0.004) and FEV1/FVC (р = 0.022). Using regression analysis, significant reverse correlation between pack years and the measured %pred was established for FEV1, FEV2575, FEV25 и FEV50. No correlation between the measured expiratory volumes and body mass index or age was found. CONCLUSION: Smoking is a leading factor for the decreasing expiratory parameters recorded among the surveyed workers and it affects mainly the "small airways"expiratory flows, more pronounced in longtime smokers.


A series of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)/LiClO_4 complex samples with different molar ratios were studied systematically by solid-state high-resolution()~(13)C and()~7Li-NMR spectroscopy.It was found that with the presence of a small amount of water(9%~16% by weight),the initial increase of LiClO_4 gradually destroys crystals formed by PEO,while further increase of LiClO_4 brings about the crystals formed by PEO and Li~+.When the molar ratio of PEO to LiClO_4 is in the range of 6/1 to 8/1,the complex samples are completely amorphous.The()~7Li-NMR results indicate clearly that the existence of water hinders the formation of Li~+-PEO crystals.


Report presenting an investigation of two internal-contraction inlets in the block tunnel. The fixed inlet was tested at Mach number 2.94 with a conventional ram-scoop bleed and a shock-trap bleed. Results regarding the fixed-capture-area inlet and variable-capture-area inlet are provided.


This brief assessment of the nineteen songs attributed to Pedro de Escobar, all, with the exception of one Christmas villancico, in the Palace Songbook , attempts to place them in context in terms of the sources in which they were copied, their texts and their musical style. Although much work remains to be done on the structure and dating of the Palace Songbook , it is possible, through musical analysis, to posit that some songs can be considered to have been copied earlier and others later, probably from the later 1490s into about the middle of the second decade of the sixteenth century. Three songs were particularly widely diffused, notably in Portuguese sources of the latter part of the sixteenth century; only one is found in a non-Iberian source and would seem to have a particular connection to Juan del Encina, whose style is adopted and imitated by Escobar in his songs. These songs embrace a fairly wide range of themes, reflecting the content of the Palace Songbook as a whole, from the popular cosaute- style songs which was often performed in semi-improvised contrapunto as part of court entertainment, to the more elaborate villancico in the Encinian mould, with occasional hints of imitation and attention to the meaning of the words. Popular elements are introduced in a variety of ways, notably in Escobar's Virgen bendita sin par , which cites a popular song that is preserved in a number of different guises, in the manner of Ambrosio Montesino's devotional songs sung 'al tono de' a well-known melody. Finally, one song is assessed for possible biographical clues, and a hint towards the triangulation of the whereabouts of Encina, the poet-vihuelist Garci Sanchez de Badajoz and Escobar before he was called to serve at Seville Cathedral in 1507.


Simulation developers often realize an entity's AI by writing a program that exhibits the intended behavior. These behaviors are often the product of design documents written by designers. These individuals, while possessing a vast knowledge of the subject matter, might not have any programming knowledge whatsoever. To address this disconnect between design and subsequent development, we have created an AI application whereby a designer or developer sketches an entity's AI using a graphical "drag and drop" interface to quickly articulate behavior using a UML-like representation of state charts. Aside from the design-level benefits, the application also features a runtime engine that takes the application's data as input along with a simulation or game interface, and makes the AI operational. We discuss our experience in creating such an application for both designer and developer.


What becomes of knowledge when a language has been displaced through colonisation and is being recovered and revitalized? In the 1970s in Aotearoa (the Maori name for New Zealand), Maori began teaching their children through the medium of te reo Maori [Maori language] (L1) in an attempt to save it from extinction. This paper explores the translation work in relation to a new technical language development (L3) based on the language of instruction (L2) for a new Maori language science curriculum [putaiao]. We argue that the development of new terminology, no matter how culturally sensitive the process is, creates new problems. First, the new words can be perceived as representing traditional knowledge and, secondly, traditional Maori knowledge will be erased with the new language. The challenge presented to all concerned is how students will develop a more authentic experience of Maori language, knowledge and culture. The paper argues that the journey between science and putaiao is an ongoing transformation based on language and the epistemology held within and is made more complex by the relationships that exist between L1 (home), L2 (school), and L3 (discipline specific) in a language revi-


1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Rotterdamseweg 137, 2628 AL Delft, The Netherlands. 2 Department of Radiation, Radionuclides & Reactors, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands. 3 Center for Fundamental Research: Metal Structures in 4D, Materials Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. 4 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France. 5 Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluijverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands.


Preliminary studies on pathologic conditions in the testis, epididymis, and the accessory sex glands of cattle have demonstrated that vesiculitis is the most common inflammatory condition in the genitals of Danish bulls.5 Occasionally, this condition has an acute onset that produces clinical signs and then becomes a chronic disease.18 Four-polled Hereford bulls approximatedly 1 year of age (1–2 years old) from a farm in southern Brazil were examined by rectal palpation. During this procedure, enlargement of the seminal vesicles was detected. The animals were slaughtered, and samples were collected for bacteriologic and histopathologic examination. Macroscopically, the seminal vesicles were enlarged and firm and contained foci of yellow exudate. The histopathologic examination revealed interstitial seminal vesiculitis with areas of lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration surrounding alveoli containing suppurative exudate. Varying degrees of fibrosis were found in the glands. Samples of a selected group of organs were available for sectioning. For bacteriologic examination, fragments of seminal vesicles were inoculated asseptically onto 5% (w/v) sheep blood agar and incubated aerobically at 37 C for 24–48 hours. Microorganisms from all seminal vesicles were isolated in pure culture. The colonies were beta-hemolytic, smooth, small, and white and had characteristics of the genus Aeromonas (gram-negative rods, oxidase positive, fermentative metabolism, and resistant to vibriostatic agent 2,4,diamino6,7-diisopropylpteridine, O/129, 150 mg). According to the biochemical profile the Aeromonas isolates were classified as Aeromonas hydrophila (Table 1).14 There have been no previous reports of seminal vesiculitis in bulls associated with Aeromonas spp. However, in a previous report of the isolation of A. hydrophila from feces of healthy cattle, this species was suggested as an occasional host to Aeromonas.1 Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the genital tract of cows was associated with abortion.28 Nonetheless, bovine seminal vesiculitis associated with other microrganisms such as Actinomyces pyogenes,4,5,8 Escherichia coli,3 Brucella abortus,24 Mycoplasma bovigenitalium,2,13 Haemophilus somnus,12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa4 have also been described. Although, some authors consider it unlikely that any bac-


ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, when the late novels of Henry James became a touchstone for the ethical turn in literary criticism, ethical critics of different persuasions, such as Martha Nussbaum and J. Hillis Miller, homed in on certain complex terms and ambiguous avowals in James's prose in their efforts to hold him up as an 'exemplary' writer, committed to 'ethical' values such as particularity and singularity. In doing so, these critics overlooked the prospect that at this point in his career James was testing a new sort of literary abstractionism. Like painterly abstraction, literary abstraction makes room for the material and the particular at the same time as it denies them. To illustrate this, I examine a cluster of Jamesian keywords – 'do/doing/done' – from The Golden Bowl (1904) and elsewhere, to dispute the view that James systematically shuns abstraction. Instead, I propose that abstraction – depending for its effect on absorption, entanglement, and bewilderment – be read not as a withdrawal from life into 'the vague', cerebral, imaginary, or purely aesthetic realm, but a move to create deep involvements between characters and between readers and texts, and as such should be regarded as a central motivation of James's evasive late style.


The q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs), originated by Yager, are good tools to describe fuzziness in human cognitive processes. The basic elements of q-ROFSs are q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (q-ROFNs), which are constructed by membership and nonmembership degrees. As realistic decision-making is very complicated, decision makers (DMs) may be hesitant among several values when determining membership and nonmembership degrees. By incorporating dual hesitant fuzzy sets (DHFSs) into q-ROFSs, we propose a new technique to deal with uncertainty, called q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy sets (q-RDHFSs). Subsequently, we propose a family of q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy Heronian mean operators for q-RDHFSs. Further, the newly developed aggregation operators are utilized in multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). We used the proposed method to solve a most suitable supplier selection problem to demonstrate its effectiveness and usefulness. The merits and advantages of the proposed method are highlighted via comparison with existing MAGDM methods. The main contribution of this paper is that a new method for MAGDM is proposed.


The fully spin polarized composite fermion (CF) Fermi sea at half filled lowest Landau level has a Fermi wave vector $k^*_{\rm F}=\sqrt{4\pi\rho_e}$, where $\rho_e$ is the density of electrons or composite fermions, supporting the notion that the interaction between composite fermions can be treated perturbatively. Away from $\nu=1/2$, the area is seen to be consistent with $k^*_{\rm F}=\sqrt{4\pi\rho_e}$ for $\nu 1/2$, where $\rho_h$ is the density of holes in the lowest Landau level. This result is consistent with particle-hole symmetry in the lowest Landau level. We investigate in this article the Fermi wave vector of the spin-singlet CF Fermi sea (CFFS) at $\nu=1/2$, for which particle-hole symmetry is not a consideration. Using the microscopic CF theory, we find that for the spin-singlet CFFS the Fermi wave vectors for up and down spin CFFSs at $\nu=1/2$ are consistent with $k^{*\uparrow,\downarrow}_{\rm F}=\sqrt{4\pi\rho^{\uparrow,\downarrow}_e}$, where $\rho^{\uparrow}_e=\rho^{\downarrow}_e=\rho_e/2$, which implies that the residual interactions between composite fermions do not cause a non-perturbative correction for non-fully spin polarized CFFS either. Our results suggest the natural conjecture that for arbitrary spin polarization the CF Fermi wave vectors are given by $k^{*\uparrow}_{\rm F}=\sqrt{4\pi\rho^{\uparrow}_e}$ and $k^{*\downarrow}_{\rm F}=\sqrt{4\pi\rho^{\downarrow}_e}$.


Certain problems bound up with markedness as a static concept are clarified when put in the perspective of grammaticalization as a dynamic concept. An important point in common between markedness and grammaticalization is this: If a linguistic sign A is marked as against B, then A contains a bit of meaning that B does not contain. Similarly, if element A is grammaticalized to B, it typically loses an element of meaning. In both cases, the difference in meaning is commonly matched by an analogous difference in expression. A typical example is the English pair the vs. that, whose first member developed from the second by grammaticalization and is, at the same time, the unmarked one in this opposition. A controllable application of the concept of markedness to linguistic signs presupposes the concept of opposition and, thus, of paradigm. One of the effects of grammaticalization is paradigmaticization, the creation and consolidation of paradigms. This has two immediate consequences for markedness. First, the more a category is grammaticalized, the more pronounced will be the markedness relations among the subcategories in its paradigm. Cf., e.g., the category of aspect in Spanish and in Russian. Second, when a semantic field is grammaticalized to a paradigm of grammatical morphemes, it may come to contract a paradigmatic relation with an already existing grammatical category. For instance, the Ital. periphrastic passive with venire and andare enters into a paradigmatic relation to the older passive with essere. At the start of this process, the elements more recently grammaticalized are marked as against the older, more strongly grammaticalized ones. However, in the process of grammaticalization, an element also becomes increasingly frequent, while the element substituted by it may become obsolete. If unmarkedness is conceived as tied up with higher frequency, increasing obsoleteness leads to what has been termed markedness shift. Thus, the Lat. demonstrative ille used to be marked as against the personal pronoun is. However, it was grammaticalized to a simple personal pronoun which ended up as a substitute for is. While this happened, the obsolete is would appear to be marked as against the current ille. An analysis in terms of grammaticalization thus argues for not basing markedness on text frequency, since this is influenced by factors not directly related to meaning. Instead, in a dynamic framework based on language as an activity, markedness should be seen as pertaining to the choice of the speaker within a paradigm, whereas grammaticalization pertains to the choice among different paradigms.


At present, the parking problem is common in urban parking lot. In order to solve the parking problem of urban parking lot, this study analyzed the management of intelligent parking lot. In the experiment, based on radio frequency identification devices (RFID), the algorithm of LANDMARC was improved to realize the location in the intelligent parking lot. In the path planning, the classic A * algorithm was used. Then, a simulation environment with 4 readers, 49 reference labels and 8 labels to be located was established in MATLAB, and the designed algorithm was tested. The experimental results showed that the location algorithm and path planning algorithm based on RFID technology involved in this study had smaller error and better reliability. In the future research, the intelligent parking lot management method designed in this study will be further improved, and its practical application effect will be more studied.


Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one species of fish found in Rawa Biru and widely used as a source of animal protein. Maintenance of fish needs to consider several aspects, namely analyzing food resources utilized by tilapia in Rawa Biru because it affects the growth of tilapia fish. This study aims to obtain information about food and growth of tilapia. Sampling was conducted for 3 months from June to August 2017 with 3 different observation stations. The analysis of the data includes the determination of food type, length-weight relationship and condition factor. The results showed that the composition of plankton found in Rawa Biru Jurnal Fisherina 2017, Volume 1 Nomor 1 ISSN: 2579-4051 consisted of 36 types of phytoplankton, 4 types of zooplankton and litter. The phytoplankton group consists of Bacillariophyta 6 species, Chlorophyta 25 type and Cyanophyta 5 types. The zooplankton group consists of 3 types of Protozoa and 1 species of Trochelmintes. The litter consists of leaves and water plants that have rotted in the water. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) including herbivorous fish with main food is phytoplankton. The long-weighted relationship of both male and female tilapia is negative allometric (b ≠ 3), the length increase is greater than the weight gain. Factor condition of female tilapia fish are not fat or flat because of the condition of the condition ranged from 0.75-1.27. Male tilapia fish classified as fish that shape less flat because the condition of the condition ranged from 0.66-2.08.


The Occupational Safety & Health (OS&H) Regulations (EEC 89/391 Directive, and the deriving DLgs.81/08 Italian enforcement) introduced the Risk Assessment and Management as a mandatory task for the employer. Nevertheless, often there is some disconnection between both Design vs Risk Analysis, and Execution vs Design. Far from a formal problem, such disconnections often originate from the lack of qualified and widespread professional competence on the basics of the OS&H, involving bureaucratic instead of substantiated approaches (paper safety and all-purpose procedures "pasted" at the last minute). Hence, the importance of a wide dissemination of the Culture of Safety as an essential tool for effective Prevention


ISSN 1025-6415. Допов. Нац. акад. наук Укр. 2019. No 6 It has been recently found that, at constant temperature, concentration, and other conditions being equal, the rate of hydrolysis of triethylphosphite in acetonitrile (Fig. 1) is highly dynamic and varies throughout the year over a very wide range [1]. This was shown by regular measurements started in 2015 (Fig. 2). In January, the reaction was very slow and accelerated twice in February. In March, it slowed down again. In April, it started to grow gradually till the middle of June. At the end of June, a sharp rise occurred, after which a very high rate was established. It lasted two months till the end of August and then slowed down rapidly within two weeks back to the April level. From September, after the autumnal equinox till the end of the year, the average reaction rate declined gradually 2 times more. It is remarkable that, in December, the rate did not return to the level of the beginning of the year and exceeded it about 2-3 times.


Severe adverse reactions to contrast media appear to fail into two major categories: (1) histamine response and (2) vagus response. Treatment of these major reacions is simiplied once the cause is recognized. Pulse rate is a simple means of determining which effect is being observed, and appropriate treatment can be instituted without undue delay.


There are genotypic differences among groundnut accessions for maintenance of longevity of seed-viability in storage in relation to the shell of pods. Only six accessions showed that significant difference in longevity of seed, hence, groundnut accessions can be conserved equally safe as of seeds in seed genebank under medium-term conditions depending on genotype. However, more accessions need study to confirm these observations.


Simply connected Chandrasekhar‐Kendall‐Furth plasma configurations (CKF) contain a magnetic separatrix, dividing a spherical torus (ST), two secondary tori and a surrounding discharge. Axisymmetric CKF equilibria are calculated imposing a constant relaxation parameter μ=μ0j⋅B/B2 at the edge of the plasma and a surface averaged 〈μ〉 decreasing toward the axis of the ST. A poloidal current flows in the surrounding discharge and injects magnetic helicity into the ST. ∇p is supposed to be concentrated in the same region where ∇〈μ〉 has the largest variation. CKF equilibria are stable to all ideal MHD perturbations with low toroidal mode numbers (n=1,2,3), up to β=2μ0〈p〉Vol/〈B2〉Vol≈1, even in absence of a nearby conducting shell. The poloidal current driven in the surrounding discharge by different orbits of co/counter‐circulating promptly lost fusion products could help in sustaining a CKF reactor.


New York: Yeshiva University Press, 2001. 236 pp. $29.50.The Jewish people have been defining their relationship to work for thousands of years, ever since Avraham was accumulating "flocks and herds and donkeys" (Bereshit 12:16), and Yaakov was setting an example by working for Lavan "with all my might" (Bereshit 31:6.). It may seem surprising that meaningful, interesting, and consistent insights about work and the workplace can be extracted from a tradition so ancient and diverse. Yet Professor Schnall has done a remarkable job in presenting a coherent approach to this topic based on Jewish sources widely varied in time, economic background, and purpose. Scripture and stricture, midrash and minhag merge to give us a distinctive Jewish approach in which work is dignified without being glorified.The author, a dean and professor at New York's Yeshiva University, is a respected expert in the field of workplace relations. In this book he combines his secular expertise on this subject with his considerable Jewish learning, resulting in a work which makes Jewish workplace ethics comprehensible and accessible to a broad audience. Most of the book's nine chapters cover topics of universal interest such as the work ethic, the social responsibility of business, and the special relationship to public servants. There is also a very interesting chapter on a controversial topic which has long been central in Jewish life: the proper balance between work and Torah study. The final chapter draws some intriguing practical conclusions.Let us examine some examples of the pragmatic, non-ideological approach which emerges. Work, as we mentioned, is dignified but not glorified. While the Bible introduces labor "as a scourge and punishment to mankind," the author comments that "normative rabbinic sources largely ignore this passage in their consideration of the place of work in the social scheme. Neither a curse nor purely an instrumental necessity of subsistence, they look upon it as an ennobling facet of moral development" (pp. 46-47).In contrast to the modern drive for equality, "the social goal pursued by the interpreters of the tradition was not equality per se, but rather moral reciprocity and balance" (p. 16). In particular, a consistent, even relentless series of laws and admonitions militates against any dimension of servitude in the employer-employee relationship. Economic equality is not pursued, and economic success is in any case viewed as a pleasant amenity rather than as an important social or religious objective.The author does a good job in explaining the significance of Judaism's obligation-based approach to human relations, which is not easily recast in the modern-day vocabulary of rights. In the context of this insight, the book explains that the employer's obligation to treat the worker fairly is balanced by the employee's obligation to be assiduous in his or her performance.A particular emphasis of the book is that Judaism does not prescribe or exalt any particular economic system. …


The present invention discloses a vehicle cooling system and control method, the system comprising in turn connected to a circuit pumps, motor cooling water jacket cooling water jacket motor controller, electric air compressor cooling water jacket and the radiator, water pump the output of a cooling fluid pressure switch input motor cooling water jacket is provided with an inlet coolant temperature sensor, the motor output of the cooling water jacket provided with an outlet coolant temperature sensor, a nearby radiator fan, the fan and the main control unit is electrically connected to the pressure switch coolant inlet and outlet coolant temperature sensors are electrically connected to the main control unit, the main control unit is electrically connected to the air compressor pressure switch. The present invention, by a master unit with air compressor pressure switches, motor operating state, with the coolant temperature sensor, to achieve control of pump start and stop and start and stop the fan and multi-level speed control, extending the use of pumps and fans life, reduced energy consumption, effective protection of road safety.