History of Biocontrol Introductions Biological control efforts were expanded in North Dakota in the mid-1980s7 (Table 1). The stem-boring beetle (Oberea erythrocephala), the hawk moth (Hyles euphorbiae), and the gall midge (Spurgia esulae) are established at low population levels throughout the state.8 In addition, four Aphthona species are also established in North Dakota. Aphthona fl ava is established but shows a slow population increase.7 A. nigriscutis was originally the most successful biocontrol agent;9 however, a mixed population of black beetles, A. czwalinae and A. lacertosa, reproduced and expanded rapidly in the mid-1990s and became the most successful Aphthona species in reducing the leafy spurge.9,10 Successful establishment of Aphthona is variable along with its effectiveness in controlling leafy spurge across variable habitats in North Dakota.7,9,11 Temperature, moisture, soil type, ground cover, slope, and/or associated vegetation at release sites affects fl ea beetle survival and establishment10,12 with different Aphthona species exhibiting differing preferences to these factors.13 Post-establishment monitoring is an important aspect of classical biological control. However, limited quantitative post-establishment data are available, especially, for Aphthona spp.


Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has developed from time-domain into Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT) which indicates clearer details and higher resolution of images. FD-OCT can indicate the structure and pathological changes of each retinal layer, and reveal the retinal external limiting membranes and changes of inner-and outer-segment of visual cells by 3D solid reconstruction. FD-OCT not only provide detailed information of the images for the clinical diagnosis, but also help us investigting the characteristics and pthological mechanisms of ocular fundus diseases, which lead us to a new era of technology of observation on ocualr fundus diseases. In the application, we should pay attention to the significance of different colors of OCT images, and focus on the cohenrence of the position in the image acquistion during the follow-up period. Dynamic observation on the lesions by FD-OCT and aggregated anaylsis of resutls of several imageological examination would be the development direction of imageological examination of ocular fundus diseases.

Key words:
Tomography, optical coherence;  Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological;  Retinal disease / diagnosis;  Editorial


The Environmental Kuznet's Curve (EKC) is a proposed relationship between human economic development and negative environmental behaviors. Initially, development leads to an increase in the negative environmental behavior. However, the trend starts to reverse when a certain level of development is reached, forming an inverted-U shaped curve. The proposed mechanism for the reversal is that at a certain level of empowerment, individuals will be able to influ-ence the behavior if they seek a change. In this paper, we explore the possibility of a global EKC—where each country in the world is a data point on a general, inverted-U shape for a given environmental behavior according to its level of development. This is accomplished by examining the relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and components of the Environmental Performance Index (EPI). The evidence also suggests that there is no global EKC for the EPI as a composite statistic nor for any components of the EPI. However, linear correlations between the HDI and components of the EPI are found herein. Strong correlations exist between the HDI and reductions of environmental burden of disease and human impacts from water and air pollution. Moderate correlations exist between improvement in forest health and an increase in contribution to climate change. These correlations are consistent with the predictions of the EKC mechanism.


This article discusses the NPM as a model of university governance in the epistemology of modernism. Epistemology of modernism is the idea of the search for truth that the emphasis on materialism. Modernity is characterized by corporatism in the university as a result of the invasion of NPM in the university. The principle applied in the management of the business sector in the university so as to produce the commodification and commercialization of education is supported by the measurement of efficiency, efektifikas and financial accountability in all its activities for the purpose of which is to win the economic materialistic. Materialism character contrary to the teachings of Islam, because the human character is basically characterized by the belief of monotheism human form of God. Keywords: NPM, University Governance, Islam


The invention discloses a mesoporous carbon material. The mesoporous carbon material is prepared from one or more types of nitrogenous macromolecular polymers or carbonized products of nitrogenous macromolecular polymers through a fused salt method without depending on mesoporous mold plates. The carbon material is of a classified porous three-dimensional structure and comprises micropores, mesopores and large holes. The mesoporous structure is a three-dimensional structure formed by stacking extremely-thin graphite-like carbon layers. The BET specific surface area of the carbon material is 2000-4000 m /g, the pore volume of the large micropores and the mesopores (the aperture ranges from 1 nm to 50 nm) accounts for 80% or higher of the total pore volume, the pore size distribution is narrow and is concentrated to be 1-5 nm, and the average aperture is 2-4 nm. The preparation process of the material does not depend on any mold plate, raw materials are wide in source, the preparation method is simple, cost is low, engineered amplification can be achieved, and continuous production can be achieved.


Abstract The switching processes of a planar aligned thermochromic Sc* liquid crystal sample were investigated. Depending on the applied voltages, between the rest unwound states, the following structures can be distinguished. At low voltages—the director field is continuously deformed; at a threshold voltage Ui—an irregular stripe system appeared; at a higher threshold voltage U II (and only if > 70Hz)—a regular stripe system existed. The detailed experimental results regarding these structures, and a phenome-nological explanation are presented here.


A study was conducted on research farm of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season of 2015/16 laid out in split-split plot design with three replications consisting of two FYM levels (FYM at 10 t ha -1 and no FYM application), three nitrogen levels (100, 75 and 50% N of recommended dose P and K remaining constant) and two levels of seed inoculation ( Azotobacter chrococcum seed inoculation and no inoculation) with Rampur-2 maize hybrid in Nepal. One of the major factor affecting maize production is weather and this paper is prepared to assess the suitability of weather condition at different growth stages of winter season hybrid maize in condition of western Chitwan, Nepal at NMRP. The result shows that the requirement of the maize crop during different growth stages i.e. temperature, rainfall, relative humidity were fulfilled which helped to obtain remarkably higher grain yield (4.26 t ha -1 ) in the experiment compared to average national grain yield (2.84 t ha -1 ) of maize


In one embodiment, the method comprising: reducing (S220) to increase the beam width of the open-loop transmit beamforming gain; reducing (S230) the transmission channel bandwidth in order to increase the channel bandwidth gain; and increasing (S240) the sequence length to increase the length of the sequence transmitted gain. Embodiment, the gain of the open loop based on the product of improved beamforming gain, the gain of the channel bandwidth and the sequence length gain in this embodiment.


The Dutch are known for their 'polder model', a form of consensus decision-making and cooperation despite differences. In line with this longstanding tradition, the Federation for Health has transformed itself from a national public health association into a national public-private network that strengthens the foundation for health actions at the widest scale possible. More than 70 organisations have joined the network. Amongst them organisations like public health institutions, professional societies, healthcare insurers, private companies, and health start-ups. Instead of calling for regulation or legislation, the Federation for Health promotes the incorporating of the 'right' incentives in healthcare and society at large. Examples are the advocating for a national prevention agreement, the development of a new business model based on health (instead of disease), and the advocating for a national digital health agenda. The Federation for Health is using the following tools: Sharing of informationDevelop common groundDevelop an all-inclusive advocacy strategyBroaden the vision to non-health-related areas (e.g. social domain, housing, education, businesses)Collaborate outside the field of health (building bridges)


Although Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has been developing rapidly, it faces strong criticism from scholars due to its lack of attention to the cognitive aspects of discourse. As a fundamental cognitive tool to conceptualize the world, metaphor plays a vital role in constructing social reality. Providing a particular perspective of viewing the reality, metaphor forms an important part of ideology. Therefore, we should not only focus on its cognitive function, but also its pragmatic and ideological function. The paper argues that metaphor research can be integrated into CDA and enrich the latter's theoretical framework and analytic tools.


Dynamic networks are computer networks whose links and nodes could fail and recover frequently. The nodes may also be mobile. Large dynamic networks are dynamic networks of large size and they are clustered as hierarchical networks. The objective of this research task is to design a mechanism to support nodes to communicate with each other. To communicate with each other, the nodes would first have to know the names of other nodes, then their addresses, and finally the routes. Thus, the network should provide two mechanisms to supports the communications: binding of names of nodes with their addresses, and binding of address of nodes to the routes dynamically. The first problem, i.e. bind the names of nodes with their addresses, is usually called the naming or addressing problem. The second problem, i.e. binding the addresses with the corresponding routes, is conventionally called the routing problem. In this dissertation, we will discuss techniques to handle both problems.
We first discuss techniques for the routing problem. As the network is assumed to be very large and dynamic, we concentrate our effort in developing hierarchical routing algorithms. A new adaptive hierarchical routing algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on the extension of the new Arpanet algorithm. The algorithm is good for both updating and initialization the routing tables.
Based on the data structure stored at each node, we proposed a classification of adaptive hierarchical routing algorithms. We further evaluate all the adaptive hierarchical routing algorithms based on the proposed classification. We then proposed techniques to dynamically bind the names of nodes with their addresses.
It is expected the techniques proposed in this dissertation would be very useful to assists nodes in large and dynamic computer networks to communicate reliably. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)


Purpose: This research aims to explore how to reshape stock exchanges by using blockchain technology with an emphasis on the case of the Palestine Exchange. Design/methodology/approach: This research gathered primary data from semi-structured and open-ended interviews. Online interviews were conducted to get information from professionals and academics interested in blockchain. The sample for this research was determined using convenience sampling and a snowball sampling approach. The data was analyzed using the deductive content analysis method. Findings: The research revealed that implementing blockchain is appropriate for third-world countries because it does not necessitate the construction of buildings or infrastructure. Additionally, the results showed that by implementing this technology, the Palestine Exchange will be able to speed up its liquidity cycle while also lowering costs, boosting transparency, allowing for the trading of new products, and attracting new investors. The legal and technological concerns, however, are not seen as impediments to the implementation of blockchain in the Palestine Exchange. Practical implications: The findings of this research will contribute to the growth of the Palestine Exchange. Originality/value: There has not been much focus in studies on Palestine in this context. This research aims to close the gap by investigating how blockchain might be used to reshape the Palestine Exchange.


Since the onset of the 90's, the development of single molecule spectroscopy has led to the discovery of various quantum optical signatures in organic single molecules. The single-photon nature of an organic chromophore is of particular importance because of its potential as a non-classical photon source at room temperature for quantum information science and optical quantum computing. This condensed review focuses on the introduction of fundamental knowledge and basic experimental methods for single photon sources and organic molecular photophysics, and summarizes the research developments in this field providing an understanding of quantum emission from organic single molecules.


Aging has been associated with weakening of cognitive function, and nutritional supplementation has been suggested to enhance cognitive function. Prior research has demonstrated limited effects of dietary supplementation on rodent performance on cognitive tasks. The objective of this study is to identify behavior tasks that provide the greatest degree of sensitivity in aging‐associated cognitive decline for use in future studies. Young (2 months old) and aged (18 months old) female and male C57BL/6J mice were evaluated for performance on the Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition, passive avoidance, and active avoidance. Animals were euthanized at the end of the study to quantify proliferation of new neurons using doublecortin immunohistochemistry. The largest statistical differences in performance between age groups were seen in novel object recognition and active avoidance. This research model will lay the foundation for understanding the underlying mechanisms by which nutrition interventions may be implemented to slow the cognitive decline associated with aging.


Second order rotatable design (SORD) concepts will be more useful in developing the appropriate empirical relations. As the number of input variables are increasing (with the assigned levels to each variable), there is a need to conduct more number of experiments which may sometimes be practically impossible. Taguchi designs can solve the problem with less number of experiments and provides complete information useful for the applications of second order rotatable designs. This article provides a comparison of Central composite design and modified Taguchi approach and its validation by tracing the optimum process parameter on the experimental design. It is possible to get the required information and the expected range of process parameters from modified Taguchi design.


In this work, we have presented the TUNEGreen system for monitoring and visualising in real-time the power consumption of wireless network's devices. The demo will provide the conference attendees with the opportunity of experiencing how different Web-based tasks (e.g., downloading a file, watching a movie etc.) can influence the power consumption of the underpinning network infrastructure. Results of the an extensive measurements campaign performed by the authors will also be shown, providing attendees with insight into how various parameters affect the power consumption of wireless nodes.


Fluctuations of the chiral order parameter in a hot and/or dense QCD plasma is discussed. If the transition is of second order or weak first order, the fluctuation gets large strength with small width and behaves as a bosonic quasi-particle in the plasma. This was first pointed out by Kunihiro and the present author on 1985 and was called soft mode''. General properties of the soft mode and its relation to the recent measurement of the hadronic screening length on the lattice are discussed in this report.


Short video apps for mobile devices are rising in popularity. Using Xiaohongshu as an example, this work carefully studies the user participation behavior of mobile short video Apps and contributes to the body of knowledge in the field of pertinent theoretical research. This study equips creators of short videos with the knowledge they require to improve user experience and content marketing on a more objective basis, as well as to enable app upgrading and optimization. The UTAUT theoretical model is used in this paper to develop hypotheses, which are then tested using survey data. Finally, the theoretical model and hypothesis are validated using multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The significant study results are as follows: Users' behavior is significantly influenced by social value, perceived entertainment value, individual innovation, facilitating conditions, and privacy security when using communities; by social value, individual innovation, facilitating conditions, and privacy security when participating in communities; and by social value, facilitating conditions, and privacy security when contributing to communities. Finally, it makes some suggestions for the long-term expansion of mobile short video apps based on the testing results.


of Management. probe what propelled employees to perform. scalar of chain and team Human Relations being. alone basic Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify from the literature the influence or contribution of motivation on performance in organizations. Latest discourses seem to concur that motivation and performance are synonyms and hence inseparables. Some argue that they are like two sides of the same coin. Organizations view performance as capital development on growth, profitability and market competitiveness and the success of organisations is unarguably built on motivated human capital. There is a correlation between performance and motivation and this direct link between these variables has been scrutinized in the literature. This theoretical paper reviewed the literature to identify empirical evidences linking motivation, performance, productivity, efficiency, profitability and growth among others. The research methodology followed descriptive approach, where observations and interviews were used to augment each other to provide as much information as was desirable. The findings revealed that while high performance in organizations was a result of social capital [motivation], investing in human capital development was also cited to have positive impact on high performance in organizations. Training and development have been identified as key to effective and efficient production. Other factors cited as contributing to performance were supervision, promotion and money incentives, among others.


Based on the characteristics of local piers scouring after the guard dam built in the downstream of the bridge,by the monomer model experiment of flume,sixty groups of local piers scouring experiments have been carried on.The principle and the influence factors of the local piers scouring have been analyzed.The results of series model experiments show that with the downstream guard dam,the local piers scouring is influenced by the approach velocity,down-shearing vortex,shape and dimensions of the piers,diameters and grades of the bed sands;it is also affected by the elevation of the dam and distance between the piers and the dam.The concept of "control slope" is introduced in order to reflect the impacts of the guard dam to the piers.Based on the theoretical deduction and dimensions analysis,the equation to calculate the local scouring with no-uniform bed sands is acquired by multivariate regression analysis.The calculated value has a good agreement with the measured data,and the optimum value of "control slope" provides valuable references for bridge design of the shallow foundation with downstream guard dam.


PURPOSE: A drum washing machine with a balancer is provided, in which fluid balancer is arranged to the inner tub, to thereby reduce vibration and noise caused during dehydration operation. CONSTITUTION: A drum washing machine comprises: an outer tub(5) containing wash water; an inner tub(7) installed inside of the outer tub, and which rotates at a high speed to dehydrate laundry by the centrifugal force produced from such high speed rotation; an open type fluid balancer(100) arranged to the inner tub, and which contains fluid so as to maintain balance of the inner tub; and a feed water unit(200) for feeding fluid to the open type fluid balancer. The balancer is ring-shaped, and has an opening(120) directed to the outside of the inner tub, and a flow guide member for guiding flow of the water fed from the feed water unit. The feed water unit includes a speed sensor(210) for sensing the rotation speed of the inner tub; a feed water valve(200) operating by the speed sensor and feeds fluid; and a feed water hose(230) for passing the fluid fed by the feed water valve, through the inside of the balancer.


The regeneration of abandoned industrial buildings (RAIBs) has received extensive attention in urban renewal efforts to achieve urban sustainable development goals. Meanwhile, the construction safety performance of RAIBs is a major challenge with increasing RAIB projects in China. Safety programs have been considered as one of the proactive methods to effectively reduce accidents and injuries in the construction industry. Various studies have conducted critical success factors (CSFs) that influence the effective implementation of safety programs in new buildings. However, the CSFs affecting the construction safety program implementation of RAIBs were ignored. The aim of this study is to determine CSFs that affect the safety program implementation of RAIB projects. First, sixteen factors were identified combining characteristics of RAIBs with literature reviews and experts' opinion. Second, the fuzzy set theory and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach are proposed to identify the influencing degree of the factors and categorize these factors into cause-and-effect groups. Then, according to the causal diagram, management support (C1), allocation of authority and responsibility (C3), control of subcontractor (C5), personal attitude (C9), and safety inspections and hazard assessment (C14) are identified as the CSFs for the safety program implementation of RAIBs' construction. This study guides the managers and stakeholders to especially concentrate on these CSFs in order to improve the efficiency of the safety program implementation of RAIB projects with limited resources. This study also will contribute to the improvement of safety performance and to the sustainable development goal of RAIB projects.


The Load frequency control (LFC) of power systems is one of the challenges faced under deregulated conditions. To attain the LFC optimal tuning of the controller is needed. This article proposes a solution for the LFC of two area thermalthermal power systems under deregulated conditions. The controller used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The regions are interrelated by means of standard AC tie-lines. The effects of bilateral agreements between distribution companies and generation companies are also considered. To enhance optimization synthesis and to minimize the fuzzy system work the membership functions of the FLC are tuned by PSO technique. The optimal tuning is obtained by optimizing the scaling gains of the FLC. The proposed controller is evaluated under various operating conditions in a deregulated two area environments. The simulation is carried out using Simulink/MATLAB. The PSO tuned controller showed better performance with respect to conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller and non-tuned FLC controller.


This paper describes the results of an electronic user survey with 118 volunteer participants, conducted between December 2012 and January 2014 and focusing on users' perception on Location Based Services (LBS) and their use of mobile devices in the context of personal navigation and navigation-related applications. The users are first classified into several user classes according to their Objective and Subjective Knowledge in the field of wireless positioning. Then, the user preferences with respect to various LBS aspects, such as cost and feature preferences, are analyzed per user class. In addition, the user classes are compared according to Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon and Fligner-Policello statistical tests in order to find out if their differences in the LBS preferences are statistically significant. The main finding is that the users belonging to the classes with higher objective knowledge in the field of wireless localization techniques and technologies are generally less willing to pay for enhanced localization approaches and for location based services on their mobile phones than the users with lower technical knowledge.


The aim of this study was to develop an imputing method to map forest stand attributes (height and volume) using panchromatic aerial photographs with a spatial resolution of 30 cm and Landsat images. The method was tested on several sites in Québec, Canada, that are dominated by black spruce. The method involved four sets of procedures: (i) measuring the shadow fraction from panchromatic aerial photographs, (ii) generating regression models between the shadow fraction and forest attributes, (iii) locally mapping the forest attributes as a grid layer (30 m × 30 m), and (iv) expanding the forest attributes from the local maps to a large study area using an imputing approach. Regression models between the shadow fraction and stand attributes were calibrated with ground sample plots and a series of 73 aerial photographs. General results from linear relationships between the shadow fraction and two stand attributes showed linear shapes but had low values for the goodness of fit ( of 0.24 for height and 0.31 for volume). However, the results improved significantly ( of 0.40 for height and 0.59 for volume) when the portion of the aerial photograph used was restricted to its centre (between 6.2° and 11.3°). This restricted area of the aerial photographs produced small local maps of stand attributes from the shadow fraction. These local maps were used as the training dataset for an imputing approach, a k nearest neighbours algorithm, with the aim of mapping forest attributes over a large area.


Surveys from many years have shown that many data leakages has been found due different problems like malicious attacks, hacking, different attacks. Approximately 28% of all data leakages are due to human mistakes which are increasing now a day. There exists lot of techniques to find out the leakages. Some cloud also provides this data leak detection (DLD) as an add-on service but they are semihonest means they provide information about leakages but also attempt to get sensitive data of our organization. So proposed work will securely detect leakages and also provide privacy for our sensitive data. This proposed model uses fuzzy fingerprint algorithm to find out the human data leakages securely. Keywords—Data leak detection; Privacy Preservation; Fuzzy Fingerprint; Shingles; Network Security.


Although estuaries are known to emit significant amounts of CO 2 and CH 4 to the atmosphere, few studies are still available on this scope, particularly in tropical systems. The CH 4 and CO 2 dynamics and air-water fluxes were investigated in Guanabara Bay (Brazil), a tropical eutrophic to hypertrophic coastal embayment. Monthly sampling campaigns were conducted in the waters of the bay, with discrete sampling for CH 4 , Chl a and nutrients, and continuous monitoring for temperature, salinity, DO and pCO 2 . The annual CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations ranges were 22-3715 ppm and 47-10350 nmol L -1 , respectively. Marked pCO 2 undersaturation was prevalent in the shallow, confined and thermally stratified waters of the upper bay, whereas pCO2 oversaturation was restricted to sites close to the small river mouths and small sewage channels, which covered only 10 % of the bay´s area. Guanabara Bay behaved as a net sink of atmospheric CO2, a property enhanced by the concomitant effects of strong radiation intensity, thermal stratification, and high availability of nutrients, which promotes phytoplankton development and net autotrophy. To the contrary, all the locations of the bay showed oversaturation conditions for CH 4 , with high concentrations in the most polluted areas, near of river mouths and sewage discharge. We found a positive relationship between accumulated precipitation (7 days before each sampling campaign) and CH 4 concentrations (R2=0.68; p<0.05), which suggest the prevalence of an allochtonous methane source from the urban area. To the contrary, the absence of significant differences between CH4 concentrations in bottom and superficial waters indicates that methane production and fluxes from organic-rich sediments were minor. Contrary to the major part of estuaries worldwide, the calculated annual fluxes at air-water interface reveals that Guanabara Bay is a strong atmospheric CO 2 sink (-19.6 mol C m 2 yr -1 ). On the other hand, the bay emits large amounts of CH 4 (0.322 mol C m 2 yr -1 ), and of the same magnitude of the highest estuarine system emitters.


This paper puts forward a set of index system for the development zone land intensive utilization evaluation,and discusses the basis and method to determine the ideal value of evaluation index.Meanwhile,taking Guangxi Beihai hi-tech industrial development zone as an example,its level of land intensive utilization is evaluated,and the potential is calculated.


Customer relationship management, better known as CRM, has become synonymous with business practices nowadays. Technology advancement has made it both possible and feasible for organizations to dev ...


Objective To study the efficacy of Invert Sugar injection in treating fetal growth retardation(FGR).Method 200 fetuses with growth retardation were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group.The control group was treated by oxygen inhalation,venous infusion of grucose and amino acid.The treatment group was treated by oxygen inhalation,venous infusion of invert sugar and amino acid.The two groups were re-examined for level of fundus,abdominal perimeter,and fetal biparietal diameter.The birth weight of neonate and placenta weight were recorded.Results(1) The level of fudus,abdominal perimeter,fetal biparietal diameter in the treatment group were significantly greater than those in the control group(P0.05).(2) The birth weight of neonate in the treatment group was than that in the contral group(P0.05),and the placenta weight was very significantly heavier than that in the control group(P0.01).Low birth weight and preterm labor in the treatment group were very significantly less seen than that in the control group(P0.01).Conclousion Invert sugar injection is an efficacions drug for FGR;it promotes fetal growth.


Abstract A 3-year study was conducted to determine mortality rates for downstream migrant salmonids passing through spillways or turbines at McNary Dam. Mortalities were determined by releasing marked fish into the exit under study (spillway or turbine) and marked control groups immediately below the dam. Samples of released fish were recovered at stations below the dam, and survival rates were computed from the ratio of the number of experimental to control recoveries. Detailed techniques were devised to test assumptions involved in the estimating procedure. In 1955 and 1956 estimates were obtained for fingerling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at McNary Dam. In 1957 yearling chinook were tested at Big Cliff Dam, a structure on the Santiam River with a turbine and spillway similar to those at McNary Dam. As a control measure, fingerling chinook were also tested in 1957. In all experiments the turbine was the major source of mortality. For each exit, no significant difference was found between m...


George eliot's felix holt the radical discusses a figure of enormous importance in the social history of Britain and the United States: the labor pioneer, that is, the person who consciously dedicates his or her whole life to long-term activity in the working class. Eliot, I argue, is the first important writer to recognize the significance of this figure and invest it with moral value. In doing so, she upends the tradition bequeathed by earlier "industrial novels" by recognizing, along with the labor pioneer, the permanence of class divisions and the political independence of the working class. Further, in heroizing the figure who struggles for the future of a new social class, Eliot departs from the reliance on "the authority of the past" or the stress on culture in general that have been seen as keys to her work.


There are myriad understandings of design that have evolved over time and vary by the industries and disciplines that practice it. In the engineering context, design is often described as a process or problem-solving ability. Through interviews with 12 experienced engineers, it was found that there are diverse understandings of the relationship between design and engineering. This qualitative study presented a classification of their perspectives through three emergent categories: the relationship between design and engineering, the proportion of design tasks within a job, and the level or stage of development where design occurs. A synthesis of the data revealed that engineers demonstrate an ownership of design within engineering and there are diverse understandings of how design occurs within engineering. The implications of these findings were discussed and recommendations were offered for engineering educators, researchers, and industry. Engineering educators can help prepare designers as catalysts to produce a more inclusive, holistic, and sustainably minded profession.


260 cases of women with epithelial neoplasias of the uterine cervix were studied: HPV infection was detected by DNA in situ hybridization and serology, simultaneously structure and intensity of stromal inflammatory reaction (SR) were evaluated (semiquantitatively) as well as standard clinical immunological parametres investigated by serology. Results proved the same character of SR in intraepithelial lesions and invasive carcinomas and the intensity of SR increasing in relation to the gravity of epithelial dysplasia. There was not found any significant difference in SR between cases with detected HPV infection and cases lacking it. Summarized immunological parametres were in limits of normal reference range.


The precise terms of the draft interim Iran deal with Iran have not been made public. Based on press reports, this paper identifies several key gaps in the draft which US negotiators are hopefully working to close.


In the beginning of March 2016, my husband (Thomas) and I spent six grace-filled days ringing birds at Mutinondo Wilderness Lodge in northern Zambia (12?27?S 31?17?E).


Rhizome cutting is prevalent in propagation for Hemerocallis citrina Baroni. This study aimed to reveal the influence of rhizome weight on plantlet growth, and evaluate a new cutting protocol. Three levels of rhizome weight (big (BR), medium (MR) and small (SR)) were compared by measuring plantlet growth four times during cutting propagation. Sectioning rhizomes longitudinally along shaft axis of crown into 2, 3 or 4 parts (S2, S3 and S4), was tested on rhizomes with two bud sizes (Large bud (LB), Small bud (SB)). Propagation coefficient, the number of plantlets obtained per rhizome, kept similar regardless of rhizome weight, while S3 and S4 increased propagation coefficient. Rhizome weight changed the relative growth rates on different dates. SR resulted in lower aboveground dry biomass, leaf area, total fibrous root length, relative total fibrous root length growth rate and N deficiency compared to BR. Sucrose concentration in rhizome decreased with time and fructose concentration was lowest in MR at the end of experiment. Aboveground dry biomass and total fibrous root length were lowest in S4, followed by S3 and S2. Rhizome weight and number of sectioning per rhizome influence cutting propagation, and sectioning rhizomes into three pieces has higher propagation coefficient and less retardation on growth. According to N deficiency in plantlets during the propagation, N fertiliser is probably needed during cutting.


Two field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate some physiological traits and yield of three hybrid rice varieties (BRRI hybrid dhan2, Heera2, and Tia) in comparison to BRRI dhan48 in Aus season. The experiments involved four planting dates (1 April, 16 April, 1 May and 16 May). Compared to BRRI dhan48, hybrid varieties accumulated greater shoot dry matter at anthesis, higher flag leaf chlorophyll at 2, 9, 16 and 23 days after flowering (DAF), flag leaf photosynthetic rate at 2 DAF and longer panicles. However, hybrid varieties demonstrated smaller remobilization of shoot reserve to grain and photosynthetic rate of its flag leaf at 9 and 16 DAF than BRRI dhan48. Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 maintained significantly higher chlorophyll a:b ratio over Tia and BRRI dhan48 at 2, 9, 16 and 23 DAF in their flag leaf. Shoot reserve remobilization to grain exhibited higher degree of sensitivity to rising of minimum temperature in the studied hybrids compared to the inbred. Inefficient photosynthetic activities of flag leaf and poor shoot reserve translocation to grain resulted poor grain filling percentage in the test hybrids. Consequently the studied hybrids showed significantly lower grain yield ( ca . 36.7%) as compared to inbred BRRI dhan48, irrespective of planting date in Aus season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v17i1-2.20839 Bangladesh Rice j. 2013, 17(1&2): 7-14


The diffuser inlet air velocity, Heat load inside the system, volume flow rate have major effect on the UFAD system. Here in this work we are analyzing the velocity flow behavior of air coming from the diffuser inlet in order to provide better comfort inside the system. Here it also analyzed the temperature stratification in order to maintain better thermal conditioning inside the control system. It consider the three point denoted by A, B, and C as a center of diffuser inlet, local heat source and free space position. Keywords— Under floor air distribution, Literature Survey, Stratification.


Recent developments in Information Technology are having a major impact in all sectors, changing people lifestyle, professional activities and business strategies.
It is therefore important to analyze this scenario, identifying potential developments, emerging opportunities and possible risks. Hence the objective of this study: to provide the balneology operators useful information to define short and mediumterm strategies.
Analyzing the information available on the Web, very few advanced IT applications appear in the Balneology sector. But if we consider separately its three components, Tourism, Wellness and Health, we can see that many of the most advanced technologies are present in applications already in operation or under development.
Virtual reality and robotics are at the base of innovative rehabilitation systems.
The IoT (Internet of Things) is present in a wide range of wearables, under-skins and internal devices, to monitor the vital parameters and detect risk situations (infections, tumors, ...).
But the most revolutionary applications are those based on AI + BigData and AI + NPL, which generally reduce costs and improve the quality of services. AI + NPL systems allow to realize highly effective Customer Care applications, giving information and indications both for the organizational and for the medical aspects. AI + BigData systems allow to improve the Tourism marketing strategies, while their Medical applications give exceptional results in image analysis (identification of pathologies or body anomalies) and statistical data processing (effects of environmental factors, evaluation of therapies, …).
In conclusion the Balneology sector should adopt as soon as possible IT based applications to reduce the costs, improve the services and to expand its offers with new added value proposals.


ABSTRACT The effect of dip treatment with solvent-free whole radish extract (WRE) on quality characteristics of Deccan mahseer steaks was evaluated during the chilled storage. In-vitro antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated based on total phenolic and flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and metal chelating ability prior to the dip treatment. The quality parameters, including total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), and free fatty acid (FFA), were significantly (p < .05) reduced in WRE treated steaks compared to the control (CT) steaks. WRE treatment of fish steaks significantly controlled the lipid oxidation parameters of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (PV). Total plate count (TPC) of CT sample was higher than the treated sample and remained within the limit of 7 log10 cfu/g at the end of storage. As per the sensory analysis, shelf life of Deccan mahseer was determined to be 15 days for WRE treated steaks and 9 days for control steaks during chill storage. Based on the results, it can be concluded that WRE treatment can limit the progress of fish spoilage bacteria in fish steaks and can be used as a substitute for synthetic additives.


The generation of adaptive and reflexive behavior is a challenging task in artificial intelligence and robotics. In this thesis, we develop a framework for knowledge representation, acquisition, and behavior generation that explicitly incorporates semantics, adaptive reasoning and knowledge revision. By using our model, semantic information can be exploited by traditional planning and decision making frameworks to generate empirically effective and adaptive robot behaviors, as well as to enable complex but natural human-robot interactions. In our work, we introduce a model of semantic mapping [102], we connect it with the notion of affordances [46] and we use those concepts to develop semantic-driven algorithms for knowledge acquisition, update, learning and robot behavior generation. In particular, we apply such models within existing planning and decision making frameworks to achieve semantic-driven and adaptive robot behaviors in a generic environment. On the one hand, this work generalizes existing semantic mapping models and extends them to include the notion of affordances. On the other hand, this work integrates semantic information within well-defined long-term planning and situated action frameworks to effectively generate adaptive robot behaviors. We validate our approach by evaluating it on a number of problems and robot tasks. In particular, we consider service robots deployed in interactive and social domains, such as offices and domestic environments. To this end, we also develop prototype applications that are useful for evaluation purposes.


the article analyses the value of speed confrontation and height confrontation in the basketball match,and holds that speed confrontation takes upper hand and becomes the main stream phenomenon instead of the height confrontation in the offence-defense confrontation of modern basketball match.


Information of aircraft structure and, basically, material state obtaining is the main task for residual life estimation. New approaches of non-destructive testing technology develop Structural Health Monitoring systems, the key elements of which are sensors. Developed in NAU Deformation Relief (DR) fatigue sensor is compact specimen of D16AT alclad aluminum alloy which fasten to controlled object. Under cyclic loading there is the intensive plastic deformation of alclad, leading to DR formation on the sensor surface which acts as the indicator of the cumulated damage. In this article was proposed to control DR evolution of the aircraft skin, which is produced from D16AT. The test specimen alclad surface control zones were inspected with interfere optical nano-profiler Micron Alpha under variable amplitude loading. During surface monitoring were defined DR saturation, surface roughness and surface plastic deformation parameters. It was estimated features of the DR parameters under MiniTWIST standardized load sequences.


Excellent properties of organic polymer/clay minelal hybrids, such as mechanical property, gas barrier effect and anti-flamability, have attracted many attentions. This paper reviewed the preparation of the hybrid materials and their properties, from view points of a driving force for swelling, structure in nanometer scale and organic-inorganic interactions. The swelling, exfoliate and dispersing behaviour were understand by an balance of an interlayer attractive forces to the interaction between guest molecule and host layers, polymerization energy and mechanical energy. The properties of the composites are attributable to the hybrid structure around the silicate layers within the nanometer distance. A weak hydrophobic interaction in nanometer scale should be studied to develop the nano-hybrid materials.


Purpose: The study advances a conceptual understanding of activity and social participation in the period following the first episode of psychosis. Method: A constructivist, grounded theory approach was used. Data were collected from 25 primary participants who had experienced a first episode of psychosis in the previous 5 years; 15 secondary participants, such as family and friends, with knowledge of the activity and social experiences of primary participants, personal records and documents; and six key informants. Findings: The first episode of psychosis was highly disruptive and even damaging to activity and social participation. Recovering from this fall-out, to maintain engagement in activities and social participation, included the need to create new plans, adjust to affective disconnection, develop balanced lifestyles, match participation to abilities, learn new skills, and participate under new and constraining social conditions. Conclusion: The period following the first episode of psychosis is a time of high risk for disengagement from activity and social participation. Occupational therapists have an important role to play in enabling activity and social engagement. The findings offer examples of how occupational therapy services might address critical tasks for activity and social engagement.


In this paper a brief assessment of the technical, economic and regulatory paradigms underlying design and operations of complex infrastructures is provided. First, a description is given for the industry as it was. This is followed up by the industry in transition driven by technological advances and regulatory restructuring. It is concluded that a major qualitative change of paradigm has taken place. The paper describes the fundamental nature of this change, and its implications on the evolution of the infrastructure systems, their performance. Although the illustrative examples are mainly from the electric power industry, the change of paradigm described here can be found throughout the network type infrastructure industries, such as the airline industry, gas/fuel supply and delivery, and, more generally, transport industries. The paper identifies a major missing R&D piece well posed and flexible industry protocols for interactions among various newly evolved, unbundled sub-entities within each specific infrastructure, as well as for interactions among re-bundled entities across several infrastructures. It is suggested that these are essential for the infrastructure industries under the new operating paradigm to manage hidden complexities for predictable performance, technical and economic.


Genetic and other molecular markers are powerful tools with the potential to improve livestock production traits, like feed efficiency. Feed efficiency is a complex biological trait mediated by many genes. Molecular based research, including transcriptome studies to evaluate gene expression profiles to determine the genes and pathways that contribute to feed efficiency in beef cattle have been widely performed over the last decade. Despite its widespread use, challenges remain in transcriptomic data analysis, in particular non-reproducibility of results between studies. These discrepancies exist for a number of reasons including small numbers of replicates, technical differences (e.g. sample preparation, sequencing platform), and biological differences (e.g., environmental, management, and genetic effects). Recent developments in technology and analytic tools provide an opportunity to integrate and synthesize the results of existing and future data. The potential to utilize these tools to have greater impact on feed efficiency will also be discussed. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.


This study aims to know and prove how much the effect of Price and Word Of Mouth On The Purchase Intention Toshiba Brand Laptops Among Students From Padang State University. This type of research is causative. The population in this Students from Padang State University. The samples were taken using Cochran formula with 100 respondents. This sampling technique is based on non- probability sampling method. The type of data used in this study primary data. Data analysis technique using SPSS version 21.00. the result of this study indicate that: 1) Price has a positive significant effect on purchase intention, 2) Word of Mouth has a positive significant effect on purchase intention.Keywords: Price, Word of Mouth, Purchase Intention


Boys and girls in the U.S. consistently demonstrate large developmental differences in the overarm throw for force. Thomas and French (1985) applied a meta-analysis to 16 throwing studies and found that these gender differences started as early as 3 years of age. The differences grew to 2–3 standard deviations by the teen years. Regardless of whether the dependent variable was the distance thrown, ball velocity, or the developmental level of the movements used, boys were developmentally more advanced than girls. Recently, Pulito Runion, Roberton, and Langendorfer (2003) replicated these findings in 13-year-olds. The gender difference in ball velocity was 1.8 standard deviations. Reasons for this "gender gap" are unclear. Williams, Haywood, and Painter (1996) found no gender differences in ball velocities when they asked 7–12-year-olds to throw with their nondominant arm. They conjectured that boys practiced throwing more than girls, which made them superior on their dominant side. Nelson, Thomas, and Nelson (1991) found little longitudinal change over 3 years in girls' throwing patterns. They also speculated that this lack of change reflected less practice. On the other hand, Thomas and French (1985) and Nelson, Thomas, Nelson, and Abraham (1986) concluded that biology must be at least partially responsible for the gender gap. The latter reported that three anthropometric measures (joint diameters, shoulder/hip ratio, sum of skinfolds) and only one environmental measure (playing with other children) accounted for 41% of the variance in the distance 5-year-olds could throw. These studies occurred in the U.S., a country that encourages male skillfulness in throwing through its cultural emphasis on sports like baseball, football, and softball. Newell's (1986) constraints theory (that levels of motor development emerge from the intersection of environment, person, and task) suggested that changing the cultural environment might affect the throwing movements children display. Different cultures form different constraints on gender. Indeed, the term "gender" represents biological sex overlaid with cultural expectations about appropriate behavior for that sex. Adopting the Newell model in the present study, we asked whether the gender gap would occur in a culture in which throwing was not particularly encouraged. In such a culture, we speculated that boys would practice the throw less than boys in the U.S. and, therefore, not be as developmentally ahead of girls. To examine our cultural hypothesis, we replicated the Pulito Runion et al. (2003) throwing study in Germany, where the most popular sport is Fußball (soccer; Flippo, 1996). Over 1.5 million 7–14-year-olds participate in this sport (Hedderich, 2005). The only throwing sport some German children play is team handball, but, in contrast to Fußball, only 200,000 7–14-year-olds participate (Hedderich, 2005). For these reasons, we hypothesized that German teens would report less throwing practice than U.S. teens, but, like U.S. teens, they would consider ball throwing appropriate for both genders. Second, we hypothesized that the gender gap in ball velocities would be smaller in Germany than in the U.S., causing a significant gender by country interaction. We also hypothesized that the German teens would show gender differences in fewer movement components of the throw than U.S. teens. Does the Throwing "Gender Gap" Occur in Germany?


The article discusses the results of a research paper published in a 2008 issue of the journal "Industrial Relations," by Philip Moss, Harold Salzman and Chris Tilly, titled "Under construction: The continuing evolution of job structures in call centers." The study investigated employee turnover, hierarchical structures and career opportunities in call centers. The results indicated that call centers typically strive for cost minimization through flat hierarchies, but often discover that functional levels of customer service cannot be delivered without increasing their supervisory apparatus and employee retention efforts.


Abstract : Technology was established for combining thermomechanical treatment (TMT) with internal shear forging in the manufacture of 2014 aluminum alloy subshells with integral internal ribs. These structures are currently fabricated from 2014-T6 sheet and plate stock by welding together the cylindrical outer skin of the subshell and a series of internal stiffening rings. The objective of the project was twofold: to enhance the properties and performance of these structures by means of TMT and to achieve cost reductions over the current (fabricated) parts as a result of single-piece construction and near net shape processing.


Educational Recommender Systems (EdRecSys) are different in nature from conventional Recommender Systems (RecSys) --mostly related to e-commerce-- as the main goal of EdRecSys is supporting students learning' instead of maximizing users' satisfaction from consuming the recommended items. Thus, research on transparency for traditional RecSys is hard to transfer from e-commerce contexts to educational scenarios, as the level of knowledge of the end-user (i.e. the student) is crucial for generating and evaluating the impact of the recommendations on students' learning. In this paper I present the main idea of my thesis proposal, which aims to fill this gap by taking a user-centered approach that combines design and evaluation of personalized recommender algorithms and explanatory interfaces with students in real learning contexts.


This paper discusses the theoretical dependence of the absorption coefficient of single-crystal germanium, used as an optical medium in the IR region, on its resistivity. It is shown that this dependence is described by a monotonic curve, and, to obtain reliable values of the transmittance of germanium samples, it is necessary, besides the resistivity, to determine the motion of the charge carriers. The variations of the absorption coefficient and the resistivity in the temperature interval 210-330 K are considered. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental data obtained on GMO and GES-type germanium samples.


htmlabstract Igor, your personal IoT butler
Igor is named after the Discworld characters of the same name. You should think of it as a butler (or valet, or majordomo, whatever the difference is) that knows everything that goes on in your household, and makes sure everything runs smoothly. It performs its tasks without passing judgements and maintains complete discretion, even within the household. It can work together with other Igors (lending a hand) and with lesser servants such as Iotsa-based devices.
Igor includes a Certificate Authority implementation that allows you to use secure communication over https on the local network (for Igor and for other applications like web browsers). Igor also includes a privacy and security mechanism based on capabilities to allow fine-grained control over data access.


As now-days drilling depths penetrating deeper for exploiting more reserves, hence the gaseous phase exist especially whose phase envelop lies near to critical point. From available literature, it is evident that near critical fluids are of complex phenomena due to intensive compositional change even with respect to very little change in pressure gradient. Hence for gas condensate reservoirs, especial methods for PVT analysis like Whitson and Torp K-Value method is currently used in industry to evaluate effectively the PVT properties even below the saturation pressure. On the basis of Whitson and Torp method and their available PVT equations, the material balance equation for gas condensate reservoir is required and explained in this paper as the conventional material balance is not applicable on near critical fluid reservoirs because it does not contain standard PVT properties solutions below the saturation pressure. The application of material balance equation for gas condensate reservoirs is highlighted to calculate the initial reserves and gas in-places that valuably assist in designing production development strategy and economic evaluations. Gas in-places are estimated and calculated by using application of Havlenah-Odeh plot methods and compared with conventional analysis of Pressure Decline method. Paper explanations are raised with intentions of good assistance to the petroleum industry in estimating gas condensate reserves to implementing pragmatic future development decisions.


The invention relates to a domestic dishwasher (1) comprising a housing in which a washing tub (2) is arranged, and having at least one metering device located within the housing (13; 15) for the program-controlled addition of an agent into the washing container. To optionally allow the storage of larger cleaner quantities and thus their automatic dispensing, it is suggested that the metering device (15) for the separate supply and discharge of a liquid and / or paste-like cleaning agent (16) and a liquid and / or pasty bleach (17 is formed), wherein the metering device (15) for this purpose with storage containers (18, 19) is provided which (a (on the time required for a single flushing operation amount of the cleaning agent 16) and bleach 17) have also continuous capacity. The invention also relates to a method for the dosing of detergent (16) and bleaching agent (17) into the washing compartment (2) of such a domestic dishwasher (1). To facilitate the refilling, it is proposed that the cleaning means (16) and the bleaching agent (17) are dosed in amounts within a washing program, whose ratio to the ratio of the capacity of the reservoir (18, 19) corresponds.


Even some readers of this journal may be forgiven if the publication of a three-volume history of the British motor car which ends in 1896 occasions some surprise, and for those whose interest in transport history originates in economics rather than in engineering or motoring heroics a me.asure of indulgence and patience is called for. This is not, however, a venture designed to expand the already vast literature much of which is written by, and aimed at, the enthusiasts, for the author's propagandist intention, which becomes explicit in the concluding chapter, is reflected elsewhere in the choice of illustrations, which feature company prospectuses, advertisements and factories, as well as a few of the various types of steam road vehicles and traction engines. The year 1896, of course, heralded the beginning of what was to become a successful mode of road transport for succeeding generations, but it also marked the end of a series of failures to solve the technical, economic and social problems associated with developing the first successful motor car, the essential characteristics of which are incorporated in the definition adopted here: 'a working selfpropelled, self-sustained road vehicle with three or four wheels, purpose-built as personal, private transport for up to six people, including the driver and one other operator; or for more passengers if intended for carrying small private parties.' The first vehicle to fit this description was pioneered in France in 1769, and not until 1802 did British attempts at emulation succeed, a seemingly perverse contrast between countries 101


Workshop "Law, Society and Administration in a Changing World", 10th-11th July, P Cane, J King and H Hayley (org.), IALS – London (summary here : https://british-association-comparative-law.org/2017/09/03/law-society-and-administration-in-a-changing-world-account/).


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Utilize polymer-based fiber scaffolds and machine learning methods applied to patient biomarker data to enhance and personalize T cell expansion and production for T cell therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Scaffolds are 1) generated from a co-polymer blend of PDMS and PCL with controlled fiber diameters and pore size, 2) coated with activating antibodies to CD3 and CD28, and 3) used to stimulate T cells from both healthy donors and CLL patients. CLL patients have pre-annotated mutation burdens and clinical bio-markers. T cell populations will be analyzed for exhaustion markers and phenotypes before, during, and after expansion. Cell function-ality will be measured by cytokine secretion, cell cycle analysis, and fold expansion, with respect to platform parameters, and analyzed with inputs of disease markers and exhaustion profile of isolated T cells using regression and random forest classifiers. RESULTS/ ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We previously showed that engineering the mechanical rigidity of activating substrates can enhance and res-cue T cell expansion from exhausted populations. Now we aim to study a broader range of compositions and geometry of scaffolds with respect to capacity to expand CLL T cells. Preliminary data with fiber diameters ranging from 300 nm to 6 um confirm the effect of geometry in modulating expansion. A biorepository of T cells from 80 CLL patients have been isolated concurrently. Anticipated results include correlating exhaustion profile of T cells with clinical bio-markers and identifying markers associated with expansion on panel of platform parameters. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: T cell therapy has shown particular promise in treating blood cancers, yet significant percentage of T cells isolated from patients undergoing treatments are unresponsive to activation. A powerful tool is to predict if and how patient T cells can be robustly expanded on a personalized approach. OBJECTIVES/GOALS:Thepurposeofthisworkistoinvestigatenatu-ralbufferingcapacityoflivertissueandtumors,tounderstandandexploitdifferencesfortherapy.Usingthiswork,wewilldetermine the concentrations of reagents (acids or bases) used in ablation treat-menttooptimizetreatment by increasingtumortoxicityandminimiz-ing healthy tissue toxicity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: For this preliminary study, two methods will be used: benchtop pH experiments exvivo andnon-invasiveimagingusingacidoCESTMRI invivo . For ex vivo , two types of tissues will be tested: non-cancerous liver and tumor tissue from HepG2 inoculated mice (n = 10). After mice are euthanized, pH will be measured in tissue homogenates at baseline and then the homogenates will be placed in either acidic (acetic acid) or basic (sodium hydroxide) solutions with varied concentrations (0.5 – 10M) and time recorded until pH returns to baseline. For in vivo imaging, Mia PaCA-2 flank model mice (n = 10) will be imaged with acidoCEST MRI to quantify pH at baseline. Mice will then be injected intratumorallywith(upto100 μ Lof)acidorbaseatincreasingconcen-trations and imaged to quantify pH changes in the tumor. RESULTS/ in vivo buffering capacity and potentially demonstrate tumor heterogeneity of buffering capacity. For both experiments, a pH vs. concentration curve for the two tissue types will allow for comparison of ex vivo to in vivo experiments, which will differentiate contributions of local tissue buffering capacity from the full body ' s natural bicarbonate buffer system that depends on respiration and blood flow. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The pH of the body must be maintained within a narrow range. With cancer, impairment in regulation of tumor metabolism causes acidosis, lower-ing extracellular pH in tumors. It remains unclear if pH plays a role in local recurrence or tumor toxicity. This work will determine if acidoCEST MRI can measure deliberate alteration of pH and how this change affects biology. and C57BL/6J backgrounds. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Col4a3 -/- mice have elevated BUN (P < 0.0001, both sexes), serum creatinine (P < 0.001, male; P < 0.0001, female), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (P < 0.0001, both sexes) compared to Col4a3 þ / þ controls. On histology, Col4a3 -/- mice have extensive renal fibrosis compared to Col4a3 þ / þ controls. Sirt3 expression is decreased in the renal cortices of Col4a3 -/- mice at the mRNA (P < 0.0001, male; trend, P = 0.07, female) and protein levels (P < 0.05, male; P < 0.001, female)comparedtoCol4a3 þ / pergroup.Resultsofthepreventionstudywithnicotinamideriboside,aSirt3activator,areunknownatthetimeofabstractsubmission.DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCEOFIMPACT:Col4a3 -/- mice have severe renal impairment and decreased renal cortical expression of Sirt3 at the mRNA and protein levels compared to Col4a3 þ / þ controls.However,itisunknownatthistimeifpharmacologicallyacti-vatingSirt3preventsthisrenaldecline. coli followed by in vitro refolding. Correctly folded proteins were purified by chromatography. Affinities of protein-protein inter-actions were measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and thermal stabilities of proteins were determined by differential scanning fluorimetry. All experiments were performed at least in tripli-cate. Protein crystals were obtained by hanging drop vapor diffusion. The protein crystal structures were solved by molecular replacement and underwent several rounds of automated refinement. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the AMBER molecular dynamics package. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A T cell receptor (TCR) expressed by tumor-infiltrating T cells exhibited a 20-fold stronger binding affinity to the neoantigen peptide compared to the self-peptide. X-ray crystal structures of the peptides with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein demonstrated that a non-mutated residue in the peptide samples different positions with the mutation. The difference in conformations of the non-mutated residue was supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Crystal structures of the TCR engaging both peptide/MHCs sug-gested that the conformation favored by the mutant peptide was crucial for TCR binding. The TCR bound the neoantigen/MHC with faster binding kinetics. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our results suggest that the mutation impacts the conformation of another residue in the peptide, and this alteration allows for more favorable T cell receptor binding to the neoantigen. This highlights the potential of non-mutated residues in contributing to neoantigen recognition.


Objective To Explore the holistic nursing and health education model for patients with recent onset SLE.Methods Holistic nursing and reasonable health education were performed in 40 patients with recent onset SLE.Results Holistic nursing and reasonable health education can improve patients' compliance behavior and reduce drug adverse effects and recurrences.Conclusions The key of care for recent onset SLE patients is strengthening psychological care,medication,prevention of infection,and reducing induced factors,so as to help patients return to normal life and work.


At a time when many forecast the demise of History, pilgrimages to the cemeteries of the Great War continue to grow in size and number. This paper asks who undertakes such journeys, why they go and how they respond to these 'sacred' and historic places. Through interviews and surveys it reconstructs the emotional world of these travellers, examining the varied responses of young and old and exploring the complex intersection between personal and collective memory. It argues that pilgrimage often involves the (re)invention of ritual and that it can prompt a reappraisal of both gender and national identity.


A convenient method for the Cu(II)-catalyzed O-phenylation of tertiary alcohols with organobismuth(V) compounds under mild conditions is described. Functionalized tertiary alcohols such as α-hydroxy carbonyl compounds were phenylated by using either Ph3Bi(OAc)2 or tetraphenylbismuth compounds. In the cases of O-phenylation of simple tertiary alcohols, the use of tetraphenylbismuth fluoride (Ph4BiF) was particularly effective and gave various tert- alkyl phenyl ethers in high yields. The synthesis of alkyl phenyl ethers from primary and secondary alcohols are also described.


farm in Henderson County, North Carolina, in the Green River Community, Zirconia post office. His parents both hailed from longstanding Western North Carolina farm families noted for their generosity in serving their country in time of war. Civil War veterans grace every branch of his family tree, including mostly Confederates but also John Jones who walked over the mountains to join the Union army and died at Cumberland Gap. Other forbears include William Capps, a veteran of the Battle of Cowpens in the Revolutionary War and Captain John Levi, a gambler and fiddler who fought for the Texas Republic but returned to wed the unforgettable woman who gave him water when he was traveling through the mountains. Morgan's family tree is full of marriages between people from prominent families and modest country folk, like Fate Levi who married one of the servants in his household. Rebecca Ann Blocher moved from a plantation west of Charleston to the high country to improve her health and married George Johnson, a local cabinet-maker. Robert Morgan credits his maternal grandfather, "Big Hamp" Levi, for regaling him with stories throughout his youth. During this time his family farmed ten acres and often had only a pole-bean crop for cash. His mother, Fannie Levi Morgan, took cotton mill jobs to help family finances while his father, Clyde Morgan, a Pentecostal Holiness believer who loved history and language, continued to farm with horses and live as mountain farmers had for generations. "Our greatest embarrassment," Morgan has written of his youth, "was that we did not have a car or a pickup." However, in 1953, the family purchased their first vehicle, a used Chevrolet truck.


Fundamentals aquifer theory leaky aquifer theory application of pumping well solutions multilayered aquifer theory pumping well in multilayered aquifer systems application of multilayered aquifer systems sensitivity analysis parameter determination stocahstic analysis fractured aquifer. Appendices: laplace transforms fortran programs mathamatica macros.


Pikugou Pb-Zn mine located in Gongguan-huilong town metallogenic belt of multi metallogenic in South Qinling,near the limestone of the contact zone between carbonaceous limestone of Yanglinggou Formation in Middle Devonian and carbonaceous phyllite of Luojiahe Formation in Upper Devonian,faulted contact between two kinds of lithology.Analysising regional geology,orebody geology,ore genesis and ore-controlling factors,proposed jet-sedimentary deposits of Pb-Zn mine.Guidance prospecting by jetsedimentary deposits mineralization theory and zonation theory of ore-forming elements,determined Pikugou Pb-Zn mine situated in top phase according to the drilling situation and distribution of the Ba element, which provided theoretical guidance to find deep ore-body and potential area.


Background Active surveillance of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PMCs), defined as tumors measuring 10 mm or less, is becoming more common owing to ongoing studies reported from Japan, South Korea, and the United States (1-4). The 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines on the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer recommend considering active surveillance in patients with very-low-risk tumors such as PMCs without evidence of metastases, local invasion, or aggressive cytology (5). While under active surveillance, conversion surgery is generally recommended when there is either growth of ≥3 mm in the largest tumor dimension or an increase of ≥50% in tumor volume, depending on the medical center performing the monitoring (1-4).


The sources of The Nigger of the "Narcissus" have not been so exhaustively traced as nave those for a number of Conrad's works, notably by Norman Sherry in Conrad's Eastern World (1966) and Conrad's Western World (1971). Jean-Aubry's notes on a con versation with Conrad in June 1924 about sources for the novel establish the actual Narcissus and her crew as the general basis for Conrad's imaginative treatment, though, as has been noted, the recollection is not wholly accurate: Sullivan, for example, possibly the original for Singleton, sailed with Conrad in the Tilkhurst. And despite Conrad's willingness to talk with Jean Aubry about his sources, his attitude and practice are best summarized by his statement: "I do not write history, but fic tion, and I am therefore entitled to choose as I please what is most suitable in regard to characters and particulars to help me in the general impression I wish to produce." (3) Rather than "a policy of concealment", one needs, then, to speak of the selective use of memory and artistic shaping, and to emphasize that Conrad's sources for The Nigger of the "Narcissus" were as various as for any of his other works. Conrad himself said that the novel's first scene was in spired by the embarkation of the Duke of Sutherland, its last by "other voyages". (4) He himself left the Narcissus at Dunkirk, and the crew's arrival in London owes nothing to his actual experience with the Narcissus. As so often, then, the narrative incidents - even some of the characters - are a conflation of several experiences, even widely separated ones. It would hardly seem necessary to emphasize this were not the actual Narcissus and her crew so singularly focused upon in commentaries on the novel. Ernest J. Moyne is almost alone in offering a partial corrective in his essay on the multiple sources for the character and characterization of Wamibo, who he sees as partly based upon Conrad's shipmates in the Loch Etive and the Riversdale. (5)


The main contribution of this paper is an analysis of the FastSLAM algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. The convergence properties of the landmark uncertainty for FastSLAM are provided. The proofs clearly show that the limit of the uncertainty for the landmark estimation has no relationship with the vehicle's initial pose uncertainty. Furthermore, the consistency of vehicle pose in FastSLAM is analyzed by Monte Carlo tests and finding that through reducing the control noise and measurement noise the consistency of the vehicle pose can't be improved remarkably, whereas, by cancelling the re-sampling process in FastSLAM the consistency of the vehicle pose can be enhanced obviously.


Ionic liquids with Aprotic Heterocyclic Anions (AHA) have been developed for post combustion CO2 capture applications. The anions of AHA ILs play a significant role in tuning anion-CO2 complexation. In addition, AHAs are able to trigger the abstraction of acidic protons located at the alpha position of phosphonium cations by forming hydrogen bonds between cations and anions, eventually leading to cation-driven CO2 complexation. Here we investigate the role of the anion in cation-anion hydrogen bonding and ylide formation. Using CO2 uptake measurements, 31P NMR, ATR-FTIR deuterium exchange equilibrium and rates, 2D NOESY and density functional theory calculations, we show that the key is the proximity of the negatively charged nitrogen atoms on the anion to the alpha protons, which is governed not just by anion basicity, but by sterics. Thus, we show that triethyl(octyl)phosphonium 3-methyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrazolide is much more effective in hydrogen bonding with and deprotonating the cation than the equivalent [P2228] ILs with more basic 2-cyanopyrrolide and 3-trifluoromethylpyrazolide anions.


Objectives: To find out the proportion, to determine the average length of stay at hospital and to estimate the cost of treatment for hospital-acquired infections in a tertiary level hospital of Rangpur City. Materials and Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted on purposively selected 200 admitted patients in a tertiary level hospital. Among them 100 were HAI patients and 100 were non HAL Data were collected through duly pretested interviewer administered questionnaire and observation checklist. Place and period of study: This study was conducted in Rangpur Medical College Hospital (RpMCH), Rangpur from January to June2011. Results: In this cross sectional study the highest percentage of HAI (42%) belonged to the surgery ward and the lowest percentage (19.%) belonged to medicine ward of the study hospital. According to the type of infections the surgical wound infection was found on the top (23%) and the cannula-associated infection at the bottom (5%) of the list. Respondents of both the polar age groups ( 60 years) were found to be equally (27%) affected by HAI. Occurrence of HAI was found higher (57%) among the female respondents than their male (43%) counterparts. Highest number (48%) of HAI and lowest number (14%) of non- HAI patients were found to be visited by maximum number (≥5) of visitors. Among the respondents who developed HAI, 42% had to stay at hospital for longest duration (21-25 days) but only 13% of their non- HAI counterparts had to stay for same duration. Among HAI patients 26% had to spend highest amount of money (Tk.20,0011- 25,0001-) but among non- HAI patients only 10% had to spend same amount of money for their treatment purpose. Conclusion: It has been revealed from this study that the occurrence of HAI was found higher among the patients with maximum number of visitors. Average length of hospital stay and cost of treatment of HAI patients were found higher than those of their non-HAI counterparts . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v4i2.20247 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.4(2) 2014: 49-52


Counterinsurgency (COIN) has recently received much attention in IR. However, emphasis has been on why insurgents often win. This essay asks instead how individuals and states learn to conduct COIN campaigns. IR lacks a consensus theory of foreign policy learning. I offer a pluralist account, arguing multiple processes of learning are possible. I emphasize three. The first is top down, predicating learning on rigid systems of theoretical assumptions. This is learning by paradigm. The second is bottom up -- learning begins with trial and error experiments, gradually clarifies policy problems, and then forms solutions. This is learning by doing. The third locates learning in intersubjective recognition, framed by cognitive scientists as a process of mentally replicating or simulating the mental states of others. This is learning by simulation. I evaluate this heterogeneous account against a historical case of COIN learning: the French COIN theorist David Galula's experiences in the Algerian War. Galula's account was and is especially influential, creating much of what we now consider standard COIN theory. I conclude that all three models offer insight into foreign policy learning. Thus, a pluralist account of foreign policy learning is appropriate.


A general configuration for realizing a high Q notch filter is given. The circuit has a very high input impedance and a very low output impedance. The frequency limitation equations based on the one-pole roll-off model of the operational amplifier are given.


In this paper, we consider joint realtime (RT) and nonrealtime (NRT) flows packet scheduling and resource block (RB) allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) wireless networks. Radio RBs in the OFDMA plane are to be distributed among RT and NRT flows. In the conventional approach, RT and NRT flows are served sequentially. This sequential approach is inefficient because an RT flow may presumably have enough time until its delay deadline while its channel is in deep fade. In this situation, the transmission of NRT flows with higher level of efficiency can be performed. Intuitively speaking, the conventional sequential approach is too conservative, which can be reengineered. We propose a novel joint RT and NRT flows disutility-based packet scheduling and RB allocation in a common pool of RBs. The proposed joint approach enlarges the effective capacity of the associated wireless system when compared with the separated pool of RBs. The joint approach is particularly relevant for improving voice over LTE (VoLTE). We use mean bit-rate, mean queue-length, and instantaneous queuing delay information, in addition to channel information, to match the demand and supply. Furthermore, we develop a novel model for input-output bit-rate behavior of the mixture of RT and NRT flows. This model sheds light on the identification of different load regions and understanding of the system in an intuitive manner. Our approach and methodology can be extended for broader quality-of-service (QoS) requirements and for the utility of future applications. Simulation results show that the proposed framework is able to unify the serving mechanism of the RT and NRT flows and is able to achieve higher admissible bit-rate when handling mixed RT and NRT flows, compared with various baselines.


3 Copyright Page 4 Dedication/Acknowledgments Page 5 List of Tables 12 List of Abbreviations 13 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 14 Overview 14 Background 14 Situation to Self 17 Problem Statement 18 Purpose Statement 19 Significance of the Study 20 Research Questions 21 Research Plan 25 Delimitations 26 Definitions 27 Summary 28 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 30 Overview 30 Theoretical Framework 31 Formative Assessment Theory 31 Vygotsky's Social Constructivism 35


Throughout plant development cell differentiation is closely linked with cell cycle control. A class of highly conserved Serine/Threonine kinases, CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASEs (CDKs) controls progression through the cell cycle. One important mechanism to regulate CDK activity is the binding of CDK inhibitors (CKIs). Recently, CKIs were also identified in plants and in previous studies, Arabidopsis plants misexpressing CKIs were found to have reduced endoreplication levels and decreased numbers of cells consistent with a function of CKIs in blocking the G1/S cell-cycle transition. I found that at least one inhibitor from Arabidopsis, KRP1, can also block entry into mitosis but allows S-phase progression causing endoreplication. The data presented in this work suggest that KRP1 acts in a concentration-dependent manner and has an important function in cell proliferation as well as in cell-cycle exit and in turning from a mitotic to an endoreplicating cell-cycle mode. Endoreplication is usually associated with terminal differentiation. Strikingly, endoreplicated cells were found to be able to re-enter mitosis emphasizing the high degree of flexibility of plant cells during development. Moreover, it could be shown that in contrast to animal CKIs KRP1 can move between cells. In animals CDKs regulate entry into S-phase via activation of the E2F-DP transcription factor, by phosphorylating the E2F-DP inhibiting RETINOBLASTOMA protein. Orthologs of Rb, E2F and DP have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome. In this work I misexpressed the RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED1 (RBR1) and three genes encoding for ADENOVIRUS E2 PROMOTOR BINDING FACTOR s (E2Fa, E2Fb and E2Fc) in endoreplicating trichomes. The obtained data suggest that RBR1 negatively regulates endoreplication, whereas E2Fa, E2Fb and E2Fc act as positive regulators, indicating that the RBR-E2F regulatory pathway is conserved in higher eukaryotes.


ANETWORK is any collection of objects in which some pairs of these objects are connected by links. Network analysis can be traced back to at least three different disciplines: anthropology, psychology and sociology, but it is now widely applicable to many other disciplines too in the physical and biological sciences. We are particularly interested in Social Network Analysis, where it uses network theory to analyse social networks – a network that often involves individual social actors (people) and relations between them. Social science data are different to physical data of natural sciences as it is organised around meanings, motives, and definitions. This feature of the data that involves complex relationships and interactions between the individuals meant that the social actors and their actions (links) should be viewed as interdependent, as opposed to independent, autonomous units. Network analysis treats the relational data by using nodes or vertices to represent the individuals and edges to illustrate presence of a specified relation between actors.[3]


5515Background: PROSPER previously demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in metastasis-free survival (MFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29; 95% CI 0.24-0.35; P < .0...


Objectives. The study aims at identifying and describing a fragment of the linguistic consciousness of humanitarian students, reflecting their ideas about the personal qualities of M.S. Gorbachev and B.N. Yeltsin. The additional tasks are: (1) to compare the characteristics identified experimentally with the linguistic characteristics of these personalities in the official mass media; (2) to analyze the role of media discourse in the formation of images of the politicians under study.
Material and Methods. The method of unipolar personal semantic differential is used. The process of the results included the identification of group universal assessments, their qualitative analysis, comparison and qualitative analysis of the similarities and differences of the universal evaluations of the stimuli studied. Media texts published for the 90th anniversary of Gorbachev and the 90th anniversary of Yeltsin, selected by the method of random (serial) sampling, were analyzed qualitatively
Results. Group semantic universals reflecting students' perceptions of the politicians studied are poor in content. The most striking characteristic of Gorbachev are selfishness and deceitfulness, unlike Yeltsin he is thought to be hardworking and calm. A distinctive feature of Yeltsin is ambition. Both leaders appear as free in their behavior, the difference lies in the fact that Gorbachev is considered experienced, but devoid of tact and flexibility, Yeltsin lacks creativity, wit and malevolence. Both combine such traits as sociability, activity and intelligence. The experiment does not record the qualities that are emphasized in mass media – kindness and care for the good of the country.
Conclusions. The ideas of students about the personal qualities of Gorbachev and Yeltsin are rather vague, "kaleidoscopic" in nature. The group assessment of the personal characteristics of these politicians does not coincide with the interpretation offered by various mass media. Mass media today do not contribute to the development of a view of the history shared by a significant part of society, which, in turn, leads to the conservation of socio-political contradictions in society. Moreover, modern media, despite its advantageous position, now play rather a destructive role in creating a common view of the history of Russia and the quality of its recent leaders. The result may be a state of psychological conflict in society directly related to culture and the human self, with "identification confusion" (the term of E. Erickson) that has the function of a collective ego.


1. A compound of formula (I)! ! wherein X is CH2 or a single bond; ! R is a substituted or unsubstituted C5-S10aril, or substituted or unsubstituted C5-S10geteroaril or a group N (R1) (R5), or a group N (R2) (CHR3R4); ! Y represents a group of the formula! , , , , or ; ! D represents NH, NR6, S, S (O), SO2! A and B independently of one another are hydrogen or C1-C7 alkyl, provided that both A and B can not simultaneously be hydrogen, or A and B together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form C3-S7tsikloalkilnuyu group! R1 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or CF3; ! R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or CF3; ! R3 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or CF3; ! R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted C5-S10aril or substituted or unsubstituted C5-S10geteroaril; ! R5 is a substituted or unsubstituted C5-S10aril or substituted or unsubstituted C5-S10geteroaril; ! R6 is C1-C4 alkyl, benzyl, or benzyl having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-S4alkoksigruppu,! in free base or acid addition salts. ! 2. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1, in which! X is CH2,! R denotes a C5-S10aril which contains one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, CN, C1-S4alkoksigruppu which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or C1-C4alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C1- C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-S4alkilkarbonilaminogruppu; ! Y represents a group of the formula! , , , , or ; ! D represents NH; ! A is hydrogen or C1-C7alkyl and B represents hydrogen, C1-C7alkyl or A and B together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form


A3-year-old girl known to have Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) had initially presented at the age of 18 months with a fever of about one month duration. She was found to have hepatosplenomegaly. The complete blood count revealed WBC 91×109/L, hemoglobin 5.4 g/dL, and platelets 21×109/L. A peripheral blood smear showed 80% blast cells. She was diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia, French-American-British (FAB) classification M2. She was treated with chemotherapy and responded and came off therapy. She had normal renal and hepatic biochemical profiles during and after treatment. During an episode of febrile neutropenia due to chemotherapy, her evaluation for the cause of fever included a chest x-ray (Figure 1) and CT (Figure 2), which showed an abnormal finding in the chest.


This study investigated the positive inotropic and vasorelaxant activity of DHQ-11, a conjugate of flavonoid dihydroquercetin with isoquinoline alkaloid 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy1,2.3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. A study was performed using anterior papillary muscle removed from the left ventricle and thoracic aorta dissected from rats. DHQ-11 produced a concentrationdependent positive inotropic effect which was more potent than their parent compounds alone. The positive inotropic effect of conjugate DHQ-11 was signiûcantly attenuated by the â-adrenoreceptor inhibitor propranolol and L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine. Also, conjugate DHQ-11 markedly potentiated first post-rest responses indicating that it can modulate Ca2+ loading/release processes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that positive inotropic effect produced by conjugate DHQ-11 may be mediated through activation of the â-AR/ AC/cAMP/PKA pathway that leads to increased Ca2+ influx and rises in Ca2+ loading/release in the SR, resulting in increased [Ca]i and enhanced contraction force. DHQ-11 significantly relaxed both high KCland phenylephrine-induced contractions of rat aortic rings which were significantly inhibited by lowering extracellular Ca2+ concentration and in the presence of verapamil. DHQ-11 significantly inhibited phenylephrine-induced contractions in a Ca2+-free medium, in the presence of verapamil. The vasorelaxant effect of the DHQ-11 was significantly reduced by the removal of endothelium and in the presence of L-NAME and methylene blue as well as glibenclamide and TEA. These results suggest that the vasorelaxation produced by conjugate DHQ-11 may be mediated by an endothelium-independent mechanism involving activation of KATP and BKCa channels and inhibition of L-type VDCCs and Ca 2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and endothelium-dependent mechanism through activation of the NO/ sGC/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway resulting in a decrease of intracellular Ca2+ levels. These observations reveal that the conjugate DHQ-11 due to its high positive inotropic and vasorelaxant activity could be a promising compound for the design and development of new drugs for the treatment of heart failure.


A verification methodology for 3D-ICs is presented, including connectivity checking and parasitic extraction. An example is given to illustrate a true 3D-IC stack verification using a GDS based flow. New challenges in 3D-IC design are presented and the development efforts required to respond to those challenges are identified.


— The phenomenon of the free overfall at the sharp drop of a channel bed has been deeply investigated experimentally since the pioneering work of Rouse (1933). Its behaviour is well known at least in the usual case of a wide rectangular channel. However, no complete theoretical solution has yet been obtained. Assuming the steady flow to be two-dimensional, irrotational and frictionless, an analytical solution for the flow field is obtained accounting for the presence of two free boundaries. By applying the conservation laws we then derive an equation for the lower nappe profile which is found to fit the observed data satisfactorily.


Extracellular signals of living cells provide much information of their cellular electrophysiology, which is extremely important for medical diagnosis and drug discovery. Extracting extracellular signal, however, is always difficult due to its small magnitude relative to the noise and apparently random direction of signal propagation. In this work, a low noise multi-electrode array (MEA) system has been developed using the IC fabrication technology to extract the extracellular signals. Cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells) have been cultured on the chip surface, after proper packaging. The signal propagation of the cardiac myocytes has been captured to demonstrate the effectiveness of the MEA


Ta-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material coated by carbon was synthesized via a sol-gel method. Effects of Ta5+ doping on the physical structure and electrochemical performances of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials were investigated. Compared with the undoped sample, the Ta-doped samples had no excess peaks but the larger particle size and the narrower distribution of the particle size, indicating that Ta5+ entered into the structure of (Li1-5xTax)3V2(PO4)3/C rather than forming any impurities. When x was up to 0.01, the best electrochemical properties of the Ta-doped cathode materials had been displayed at the charge and discharge rate of 0.1C with the voltage of 3.0~4.8V. The analysis of cyclic voltammetry revealed that the polarization of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials could be effectively decreased by Ta5+ doping(x=0.01), mainly resulting from the better electronic conductivity.


This paper represents a design technique for hardening combinational circuits mapped onto any reconfigurable architecture. An effective and simple algorithm for signal probabilities has been used to detect SEU sensitive gates for a given combinational circuit. The circuit can be hardened against radiation effects by applying triple modular redundancy (TMR) technique to only these sensitive gates. PTMR is tested against different circuits to prove its efficacy. With a small loss of SEU immunity, the proposed PTMR scheme can greatly reduce the area overhead as compare to TMR technique. PTMR scheme along with reconfiguration feature of FPGAs can result into a very effective SEU mitigation technique


VC++ is one of the most efficient languages, but as processinn matrix problem it makes program very complex,while MATLAB has the special advantage in this aspect. . A method of mixed programming with VC++ and Matlab is introduced, which is based on COM not only can reduce the difficulty of the problem,but also run independently without Matlab.


With the decreasing of aluminum/silicon ratio in bauxite, the original technical process make Ore dressing-Bayer process used for producing alumina lost competitiveness. In this experiment, the low-grade bauxite with A/S ratio of about 4 is used as raw material and its composition and dissemination characteristics are analyzed. The selective grinding study shows that the separation by the particle size classification is difficult to improve the A/S ratio of concentrate mineral. Through the flotation experiments, the technological condition for improving the A/S ratio of diaspore by direct--flotation was discussed; the technological and economic indicators of the different beneficiation process were also compared.