Murine heterotopic tracheal allografts develop obliterative airway disease (OAD), a suitable model of chronic lung allograft rejection. This model, however, fails to account for the behavior of the allograft when adjacent to recipient airway tissues, particularly the epithelium. This study was performed to determine the immunologic role of the epithelium in development of OAD. BALB/c (H2d) tracheal allografts were transplanted orthotopically into C57BL/6 (H2b) mice and harvested 14–150 days post‐transplantation. The phenotype of the allograft epithelium after orthotopic transplantation was determined with immunofluorescent staining. Orthotopic BALB/c tracheal allografts harvested at 28 days were re‐transplanted heterotopically into BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, harvested after 28 days, and assessed for OAD. Orthotopic allografts displayed mild cellular infiltration, no fibrosis and preserved epithelium at 28 days post‐transplant. The presence of recipient‐derived epithelium within the allograft was demonstrated with immunofluorescent staining at day 14. Significantly, BALB/c orthotopic allografts re‐transplanted heterotopically into BALB/c mice developed OAD by day 28, whereas BALB/c orthotopic allografts re‐transplanted heterotopically into C57BL/6 mice did not. Repopulation of orthotopic tracheal allografts with recipient‐derived epithelium confers a protective effect against OAD after heterotopic re‐transplantation. This indicates that the airway epithelium plays a crucial role in OAD development.


This paper addresses the design of model-based fault diagnosis schemes to detect and isolate faults occurring in the orbiter thrusters of the Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission. The proposed fault diagnosis method is based on aH(0) ¦lter with robust poles assignment to detect quickly any kind of thruster faults and a cross-correlation test to isolate them. Simu⎛ ⎝ ∞ −∞ ⎞ ⎠ < ∞ .


Under the field condition, effect of six amendments, including silican fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, lime and bone char and so forth,on in-situ chemo-immobilization of Cd in contaminated soils was investigated. Results show that the application of these amendments restrains the plant from the absorption of Cd, wherein silican fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are of highest efficiency.At the amount of 1% level, these two amendments can make the concentrations of Cd in A. seleirgensis secure(not exceeding the guide value of national vegetable sanitation standard(GB 15201-94).The restraining efficiencies of these amendments for Artemisia seleirgensis to absorb Cd are in the descending order of silican fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, lime, bone char, blast furnace slag and steel slag. The speciation analysis of Cd in soil shows that these amendments decrease the Cd concentrations in forms of water-soluble, exchangeable and carbonate-bound but increased the residual and organic-bound speciation. This indicates that these amendments have the abilities to promote the transformation of Cd from the active forms to the inactive ones is probably one of the important mechanisms to restrain plants from the absorption of Cd.


Abstract : The technical summary combines a report on Phase III of the Anthropometric Survey of the Imperial Iranian Armed Forces and the report on the Combat Boot Study Project. The report includes the technical summary on the application of the anthropometric data to uniforms and to combat footwear.


In the classic Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) a fleet of of vehicles has to visit a set of customers while minimising the operations' costs. We study a rich variant of the VRP featuring split deliveries, an heterogeneous fleet, and vehicle-commodity incompatibility constraints. Our goal is twofold: define the cheapest routing and the most adequate fleet.
To do so, we split the problem into two interdependent components: a fleet design component and a routing component. First, we define two Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulations for each component. Then we discuss several improvements in the form of valid cuts and symmetry breaking constraints.
The main contribution of this paper is a comparison of the four resulting models for this Rich VRP. We highlight their strengths and weaknesses with extensive experiments.
Finally, we explore a lightweight integration with Constraint Programming (CP). We use a fast CP model which gives good solutions and use the solution to warm-start our models.


Symptoms of schizophrenia including auditory hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and thought disorder occur in 5 to 10% ofpatients with Huntington's disease (HD).' Both disorders have pharmacological features of hyperdopaminergic activity and a reduction in the normal link between DI and D2 receptor action.2 In view of these similarities and because allelic variation can produce unexpected phenotypic diversity in neuropsychiatric disorders, we decided to examine


Xie Zhaozhe was a renowned writer,historian and bibliophile among the people of Fujian in Ming Dynasty.He was diligent in writing,leaving with many excellent works.He made great achievements in the research of historical data studies,the local gazetteers and the historiography thought.His works in the style of literature,from which many reliable clues were extracted,were comprehensive in contents.He compiled a wide range of local gazetteers,which were still worth learning today.Besides,the thought of saving the world,the principle of seeking truth from facts and the concept of national outlook in his writing had important significance to the research of history at that time,even at present.


The study which adopted descriptive survey design was carried out to determine the effects of the environment on academic performance of students in Agricultural Science in Secondary Schools in Rivers State, Nigeria, having noted the importance of Agriculture to the nation's economy. The study population and sample were380 and 48 teachers respectively. Three research questions guided the study. Mean and Standard deviation were used to analyze the research questions. The findings of the study revealed among others that poor parental guidance, lack of motivation, poor training environment, lack of competent teachers, lack of pilot farms are some of the issues affecting the performance of students in Agricultural Science in secondary schools in Rivers State. From the findings, it was recommended among others that Government should provide adequate training facilities alongside the provision of pilot farms in all secondary schools in Rivers State to enhance students' academic achievements in Agricultural Science.


Bioconversion of waste animal fat (WAF) to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is an approach to lower the production costs of these plastic alternatives. However, the solid nature of WAF requires a tailor‐made process development. In this study, a double‐jacket feeding system was built to thermally liquefy the WAF to employ a continuous feeding strategy. During laboratory‐scale cultivations with Ralstonia eutropha Re2058/pCB113, 70% more PHA (45 gPHA L−1) and a 75% higher space–time yield (0.63 gPHA L−1 h−1) were achieved compared to previously reported fermentations with solid WAF. During the development process, growth and PHA formation were monitored in real‐time by in‐line photon density wave spectroscopy. The process robustness was further evaluated during scale‐down fermentations employing an oscillating aeration, which did not alter the PHA yield although cells encountered periods of oxygen limitation. Flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining showed that more than two‐thirds of the cells were viable at the end of the cultivation and viability was even little higher in the scale‐down cultivations. Application of this feeding system at 150‐L pilot‐scale cultivation yielded in 31.5 gPHA L−1, which is a promising result for the further scale‐up to industrial scale.


There are very limited data on the impact of ART initiation on inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers compared to patients who remain ART naïve [1]. We designed a prospective comparative study to evaluate these changes. Prospective observational cohort study of HIV‐infected patients who start ART and a group of age‐matched controls who remain ART‐naïve. Blood levels of insulin, fibrinogen, D‐dimer, high‐sensitivity PCR, inflammatory (IL‐1β, IL‐6, MCP‐1 and sCD40) and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐4), were compared at baseline, 24 weeks and 48 weeks. Summary of results: 94 patients included (57 treated, 37 controls). Baseline characteristics were balanced except for (treated/controls): median [IQR], HIV duration (0.9 [0.4–2.4] / 2.7 [0.6–5.5]) years, CD4 nadir (262 [198–317] / 452 [367–553]) cells/µl, viral load (4.4 [4–5.1] / 3.8 [3.1–4.4]) log cop/ml, current CD4 count (283 [213–323] / 525 [449–669]) cells/µl, HDL cholesterol (38 [29–45] / 41 [36–50]) mg/dl and female gender (8.8%/35%). There were no differences between groups in baseline biomarkers levels except that those starting ART had lower median [IQR] IL‐1β (4.1 [3.5–4.7] vs. 4.6 [3.7–6.8] pg/ml; p= 0.019) and lower IL–6 levels (4 [3.4–4.6] vs. 5.2 [4.2–6.6] pg/ml; p< 0.001). No significant correlation was found between biomarkers and baseline viral load. 91% of treated patients achieved viral suppression (<50 c/ml). There were statistically significant differences between groups at week 48 with lower (mean [95% CI]) D‐dimer (−138.2 [−268.0, −8.4] mg/L; p=0.001), IL‐1β (−0.6 [−0.9, −0.4] pg/ml; p<0.001) and higher IL‐4 (0.6 [0.2, 0.9] pg/ml; p=0.004) in those starting ART. In the ART‐naïve group there were significant increases of IL‐1β (1.3 [0.9, 1.6] pg/ml; p<0.001), sCD40 (22.7 [0.8, 44.6] AU; p=0.043), IL‐6 (0.5 [0.0, 0.9] pg/ml; p= 0.049) and a significant decrease of IL‐4 (−0.7 [−1.1, −0.3] pg/ml; p=0.001) levels. After 48 weeks of ART there were statistically significant decreases in pro‐inflammatory and coagulation markers ( Figure 1 ) while levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL‐4) were significantly increased. Opposite trends were found in controls.


Drought is an extreme climate event that develops slowly followed by increase in intensity and duration which leads to major eco-hydrological and socio-economic impacts (Kim et al., 2019). Drought is expected to become more severe and common in the coming decades as a result of global warming. Indian agriculture heavily relies on country's climate. Failure in monsoons leads to water shortage and reduction in crop growth and production. Extreme stress conditions limit plant growth and development. All stages of plant growth were affected by drought (Fahad et al., 2014). Drought stress reduces seed International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a generalized and a special purpose method for the evaluation of throughput time. The general method presented represents a modification of Mason's Rule to a special case of flow evaluation encountered in production operations. The algorithm presented is for the special model wherein there is a single output and wherein all possible feedbacks are permissible. It is anticipated that the methods presented will aid greatly in the evaluation and understanding of throughput time. The methods should be equally applicable to normal manufacturing operations and to special major project type activities. Clearly the application of the methods is limited only by one's ability to establish the flow graph, the times for the operations and the yields for the various flows.


A substantial literature identifies seller holdout as a serious obstacle to land assembly, implying that eminent domain is an appropriate policy response. We conduct a series of laboratory experiments to test this view. We find that when there is no competition and no eminent domain, land assembly suffers from costly delay and failed assembly; participants lose 18.1% of the available surplus. Much of the inefficiency is due to low offers from the buyers ("buyer holdout�?) rather than strategic holdout among sellers. When buyers can exercise eminent domain the participants lose 18.6% of the surplus. This loss comes from spending money to influence the fair market price and forcing sellers to sell even when the sellers value the property more than the buyer. Introducing weak competition in the form of a less valuable substitute parcel of land reduces delay by 35.7% and virtually eliminates assembly failure, so that only 11.5% of the surplus is lost.


Objective:To explore the rule of quantitative diagnosis of syndromes in apoplectic sequela.Methods:The hospitals were determined by random sampling,and quantitative diagnosis analysis of syndromes was conducted by maxium likelihood discriminant method.Results:The syndromes in apoplectic sequela included yin-asthenia and blood-stasis,yin-asthenia and yang-hyperactivity,qi-dificiency and blood-stasis,obstruction of collateral due to wind-phlegm.Logarithm of frequence of every symptom factor was calculated,and then the likelihood possibility ratio of every syndrome,according to which the diagnosis of syndrome was determined.This method was assessed by analysis of syndromes in 165 cases,and the ratio of prospective misjudgement was 7.3%.Conclusion:Maxium likelihood discriminant method is practical in quantitative diagnosis of syndromes of apoplectic sequela.


Taking Zhoushan, rich in high rank of tourism resource but in the shadow area, as a case, this paper extracts distinctive tourism image factors of Zhoushan and repositions its tourism image, on the basis of an analysis of the current tourism image of Zhoushan, its tourism resource and target market.


This Master Thesis has been a philosophical exercise to find the technologically induced vanishing point of humanity as we recognize it. This has been done by juxtaposing humanity as we know it, which is called organic humanity throughout the essay, with the possibility of artificial humanity. The question posed is: what is it that an alternate version of humanity can tell us about our essence? What does it mean to be human? The result of the philosophical exercise is that humanity is the site where a number of cultivated qualities are united. These qualities are, having a self-consciousness, the ability to produce a culture, having a sense of right and wrong and having an historical awareness. The motion pictures central to the essay are Blade Runner and Edward Scissorhands.


Onionskin carbon copy of a letter sent to D. F. Prince in Washington, D. C. from John J. Herrera in Houston, Texas. Herrera congratulates Prince on securing the Felix Morales radio permit. Herrera also seeks advice on how to handle issues with radio advertising for alcohol in the Pasadena area.


We present an extended version of goal-oriented analysis methods where an idea generation method is combined to reinforce the support of the step for identifying subgoals by a team of stakeholders. To assess our method, experimental results are also discussed.


Systems are goods comprising of durables that are sequentially updated with complements. With sequential purchases, if suppliers produce incompatible brands, consumers who upgrade systems with complements of a different brand must replace the durables they own. Thus, the price of these durables is an endogenous switching cost. The paper deals with the concern that firms may use incompatibility to create consumer's switching costs to reduce competition in aftermarkets. However, it shows that, with homogenous durables, and small costs of reaching compatibility, endogenous switching costs increase intertemporal price competition to the extent that producers prefer to have compatible technologies. Copyright 2001 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd


In India, the equation between the Pre-owned and new cars is 1:1 - that is for every one new car bought, a used car is sold. It is growing faster, at the rate of growth of 26%, in comparison to the 18% growth of the new car market. There is a bigger pool of Pre-owned cars, with more car models being launched. Customers who buy new cars do not usually own it for long, and tend to sell it off in two to three years. Currently, in India, such a trend has started and would catch the full momentum by 2010-2012. Initially, there was no firm offering professional services in the pre-owned car market, as more than 90% of the market share is dominated by the unorganized pre-owned car dealers, and owner to owner transaction is facilitated by individual brokers. This paper examines the reasons for boom in the pre-owned car business and strategic reasons for entry of car makers into the Pre-owned car business in India. Focus is on marketing strategies of car makers in the Pre-owned car market in India. The primary data for this study has been collected through direct interviews by using unstructured questions. A sample of 45 unorganized private pre-owned car dealers and 15 organized pre-owned car dealers was taken from Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Kolkata. Car Makers' pre-owned car outlets like "Maruti True Value" of Maruti Suzuki, "FirstChoice" of Mahindra and Mahindra, "Toyota U Trust" of Toyota Motors, and the "Auto Terrace" of Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. are the focus for this study. Secondary data has been collected from various auto magazines, journals and online information. The strategic reasons for entry of car makers into the pre-owned car market are Exchange Offers, Enhanced Resale Value, Customer Retention, and a Competitive Strategy of car makers.


It has been widely recognized in the academic world of foreign language that anxiety will exert considerable influence on the learning of language,especially foreign language,and foreign scholars have taken the lead in carrying out researches in this field.Though researches starting comparatively late in our country,large amounts of progress have already been achieved.Starting from the definition,impact on foreign language learning,causes and countermeasures,this paper is to summarize the achievements in this field in the hope that it will shed some light on foreign language teaching and learning.


Ashraf Al Madhoun Fahad Alnaser Motasem Melhem Rasheeba Nizam Tala Al-Dabbous Fahd Al-Mulla 1Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait City, Kuwait; 2Animal and Imaging Core Facility Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait City, Kuwait; 3Radiology Department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait; 4Bayt Abdullah Children's Hospice, NBK Children's Cancer Hospital, Al-Adan ICU, Kuwait City, Kuwait Dear editor It is with great interest to read the comments of Dr. Josef Finsterer on our recent article, "Ketogenic diet attenuates cerebellar atrophy progression in a subject with a biallelic variant at the ATAD3A locus by Al Madhoun et al, 2019," which has received a substantial article-level metrics and respond to the queries raised single nucleotide polymorphisms and deletion mutations within ATAD3 are lethal at embryonic stage or postnatally and the few survivors are living with low quality of life. Accordingly, ATAD3 genotyping enable prediction of genotype/phenotype relationship. Desai et al (2017) associated ATAD3 function with cholesterol homeostasis and maintenance of the mitochondrial genome stability. We thought that Ketogenic Diet (KD) may modulate mitochondrial biogenesis especially that it has proven efficacy in mitochondriopathies-mediated neurological disorders. Thus, it is not unrealistic to include KD treatment in a disease that is caused by ATAD3 gene mutations. The girl described in our paper is unique. She has been clinically evaluated extensively in Canada, but unfortunately, the family was not given a formal diagnosis. We diagnosed her with Harel-Yoon syndrome after discovering a novel pathogenic missense homozygous mutation in the ATAD3 gene (rs546711654 c.251C>T; p.Thr84Met). Globally, the variant allele frequency of rs546711654 is 0.0002 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/452865/). This information means that the disease is rare and therefore it is not possible to study other children harboring the same mutation. In response to KD, we never claimed an increase in the relative sagittal length of the cerebellum. But rather, an obvious slowing of her cerebellar atrophy. The KD was applied between the 2nd and 3rd MRI examination at the age of 4 and 5.5 years old. It has been reported that KD lowers the blood pH, increases ATP by shifting from glucoseto ketone-based metabolism. Although all body tissues are influenced by KD, the most prominent effect is on the nervous system activities. Accordingly, we do not exclude a positive effect on the muscle function. KD increases mitochondrial biogenesis. We agree that a real-effect of KD can only be assessed reliably in double-blind randomized clinical trials, but this is Correspondence: Fahd Al-Mulla Head of Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait City, Kuwait Tel +9 652 224 2999 Ext. 2211 Email firstname.lastname@example.com The Application of Clinical Genetics Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research


Decreasing partnership as proposed by contemporary scholars could be effectively employed in financing MMEs, for procurement of assets as well as financing complete ventures. Its significance in financing MMEs could be enhanced through giving further prominence to the basis of equity participation, allowing the ancillary contracts of ijarah and sale to function independently. The paper argues
that the reality of the underlying contracts should be effectively highlighted through pricing the units and ijarah rentals realistically, rather than as an apportionment of the profit element calculated on the capital outlay. In financing ventures on decreasing partnership, expenses of the venture should be shared
proportionately; profit share of the bank should decline corresponding to the bank 19s stake, and unit price of the bank 19s share could be fixed based on a price negotiated at the time or professional valuation. The paper seeks to highlight many other conditions that are often violated in practice but that must be fulfilled in order to ensure full Shari'ah compliance.


Teaching is a process of establishing significance field on the basis of text and diversified activities.The teaching which is oriented to meaning interpretation and creation contains the understanding of significance.Scientific teaching understanding is a kind of teaching meaning thinking pattern on the premise that teachers hold creation and humanism.It includes teachers' understanding of course text,students and self.To enhance teachers' teaching understanding,we should make efforts to highlight the significance of teaching,listen to others with an open mind,empathize accurately and introspect consciously.


Karyotype analysis was performed for Leonurus japonicus Houtt with the localization of 45S rDNA loci by using the rDNA from Lycopersicon esculentum as probe.The meiotic observations showed that the chromosomes were paired as 10 bivalents in its pollen mother cells at diakinesis,indicating that the plant has 2n = 20.The meiotic divisions belong to the simultaneous type and the stainability of the pollen grains was 97.10%.The signals from 45S rDNA probe were detected at the terminal parts of the short arms of second pair of chromosomes and central parts of the third pair of chromosomes.The karyotype formula was 2n = 2x = 20 = 2m + 16sm(2SAT)+ 2st,with the constitution of relative length being 2n = 2L + 8M2 + 10M1.The ratio of the longest /the shortest chromosomes(L/S)was 1.58,and the asymmetry index was 69.39.The chromosome relative length ranged from 8.05% to 12.73%,and karyotype type belonging to"3A".The idiogram was established for the species.


This study focused on the basic performance and analysis of a newly developed composite filter media used in high temperature filtration for bag house. It consists of basalt and polysulfonamide fibers. Thermal dimensional stability, heat resistance, air permeability and chemical corrosion resistance were tested to reveal the properties. Based on the experimental results, possible analysis showed that the new filter material had excellent performance in heat resistance, air permeability and acid corrosion.


We show that the breathing mode of a rapidly rotating, harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate may be described by a generalized lowest Landau level (LLL) wave function, in which the oscillator length is treated as a variable. Using this wave function in a variational Lagrangian formalism, we show that the frequency of the breathing mode for a two-dimensional cloud is 2{omega}{sub perpendicular}, where {omega}{sub perpendicular} is the trap frequency. We also study large-amplitude oscillations and confirm that the above result is not limited to linear oscillations. The resulting mode frequency can be understood in terms of orbits of a single particle in a harmonic trap. The mode frequency is also calculated for a cloud in three dimensions and the result for the axial breathing mode frequency agrees with recent experimental data in the rapid rotation regime.


In view of most of the current image encryption algorithm based on chaotic sequences, the permutation and diffusion procedures are completely independent, use different state variables, and the key stream is completely dependent on the key algorithm, namely, constant algorithm key words of different plaintexts are encrypted, using the key flow is the same, so it is difficult to resist the plaintext attack or selective plaintext attack. This paper has designed a dynamic encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic system. In this paper, the system is pre-processed to obtain the ideal chaotic sequence which has the better randomness, and the dynamic alternative sequence associated with the plain image is constructed, the secret key related to the dynamic sequence is created, which is used for the permutation and diffusion processes of digital image. In the proposed algorithm, if plain image or the chaotic sequences has minor changes, it will result an entirely different key stream. Experimental simulations and a lot of cryptanalysis have been carried out, the results prove the superior security and high efficiency of the scheme.


Some disadvantages of SAVR-2000 Static Exciter exists. First, the exciting voltage is not easy to access. Second, there is a delay in operating. Focusing on these problems, we improve the function of V/F in loading. We also design the static experiments and dynamic experiments. The experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the improved system is better than before.


With geometric fractal methods, the aftershock spatial-temporal fractal dimension of Wenchuan earthquake was calculated, and the variation rule of seismic b-value were compared with the results, which proved that the aftershock spatial-temporal fractal dimensions were shown with the overall decreasing trend in Wenchuan earthquake, which was the same to the variation rule of seismic b-value; strong aftershocks mainly occurred in the descending stage and the low valley area of the spatial-temporal fractal and b-value curve. This variation of spatial-temporal fractal was considered to represent the clustering variation of seismic spatial-temporal, reflecting the process of destruction and energy release with the tectonic stress action of earth crust rock mass.


This paper investigates the relationship between key factors of board composition and firm performance. We find that listed companies in Taiwan are suffered from the divergence between stock-control rights and earnings distribution rights, and the divergence of rights is negatively associated with firm performance, as predicted. Besides, consistent with the viewpoint of Agency Theory that the controlling interests of CEO may induce them to enhance company performance, we find that, CEO internalization is significantly positively associated with firm performance. In addition, the results of the influence of board structure document that, the more outside independent directors of a company, the better performance the company has. Our findings provide strong support for the notion that corporate ownership structure and board compositions are key factors in determining the corporate governance efficiency and play important roles in enhancing firm performance.


Objective To study the chemical constituents in the roots of Ilex asprella.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel,RP silica gel,and so on.The structures were identified by spectral data and chemical methods.Results Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as uvaol aceta(1),β-sitosterol(2),clerosterol(3),28-nor-19βH,20αH-ursa-12,17-dien-3-ol(4),randialic acid B(5),19-dehydrouraolic acid(6),ursolic acid(7),pomolic acid(8),3-O-β-Dxylopyranosyl-3β-O-28-nor-12,17(18)-dien ursane(9),β-daucosterol(10),ilexoside B(11),and clerosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside(12).Conclusion Compound 9 is a new compound named ilexasprellanoside H.Compounds 1,2,4,7,8,and 10 are obtained from this plant for the first time.


The diverse range of long-lived radioactive wastes without significant heat output specified for deep geological disposal (here termed TRU) pose challenges that are potentially more serious than those from vitrified high-level waste and spent fuel. Despite this, the latter tend to be the focus of R&D in national programmes. Such challenges are particularly severe for the case for countries that are not considering evaporite host rocks or have a volunteering approach to siting and for those with inventories of TRU resulting from reprocessing of spent fuel. While there is little doubt that safe disposal of TRU is feasible, it is tricky to develop a convincing safety case for a site during early stages of characterisation as, compared to HLW/SF, less credit can be taken for robust, long-term performance of current designs of the engineered barrier systems. In order to improve this situation and increase flexibility with respect to host rock properties, two different options are available — improving the conditioning of particular waste streams or improving the overall repository safety concept. Although the former has been a focus for work in some countries (particularly Japan), much less effort has been invested in the latter and hence this will be illustrated by some examples. These options are compared in terms of their pros and cons with respect to practicality of implementation, environmental impact and cost. Additionally, the ease with which the resulting safety case can be supported by demonstrations of key arguments will be discussed, which may indicate the likely degree of acceptance by stakeholders.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Surface reconstruction and representation is an important aspect of Biomedical Image Analysis. With respect to the shape and organization of DNA within a cell nucleus, the development of improved technology for visualizing genome organization and function as it exists within a cell nucleus has led to increasing interest in understanding the genome and its expression in three dimensions. In this context, it is necessary to be able to visualize the cell nucleus within which the DNA replication occurs. Here we discuss the implementation of a 3D surface reconstruction system for shape analysis of nuclei in mammalian cells obtained through laser confocal microscopy. Finite elements based deformable models are used for the surface reconstruction. The deformable models developed are based on thin shell element formulation. An initial global shape is assigned, and deformation forces based on distance and elasticity constraints are used to fit the final shape. The deformations energy functionals are the spline deformation energy functionals. These models are applied to images of a mammalian cell nucleus to extract shape information. Based on the segmented shape, volume and surface area are computed for the nucleus. Relevance of this method in shape analysis of biomedical images is examined. The biological data for the experiments were obtained from Dr. Ronald Berezeney from the Biomedical Imaging Group.


Roncaglia has made the fascinating claim that there is a difference between the marginalist school of economists and the economics of Sraffa which is related to the difference between Wittgenstein's earlier and his later philosophy. This claim is considered in the light of the commonly held view that Sraffa was influential in producing the change between Wittgenstein's earlier and later philosophy. It is shown that the claim is untenable and that the commonly held view is not as easy to support as those who make it lead one to suppose: it is contentious and possibly mistaken.


Primary liver cancer, which most often takes the form of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is among the 10 most common cancers in humans worldwide. In hepatocarcinogenesis, evidence of a multistep process is supported by the marked increase of HCC incidence with age; most HCCs are diagnosed in the second half of life, generally after a long period of chronic liver disease and in frequent association with cirrhosis. This long process may be correlated with the development of multiple genetic lesions, the origin of which currently remain largely unknown. In a previous study, the authors collected data on genomic DNA aberrations in primary HCC by restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS), a powerful screening method for the human genome.


Octoblepharurn albidum as observed at Darjeeling (Eastern Himalayas) is a highly variable species in the field but only in so far as the quantitative characters are concerned. This affects both the entire plant and the indi vidual organs. There were not, however, observed any qualitative differences amongst the various plants. Cytological studies revealed the presence in the area of two races, i.e. the haploid and the diploid one. A comparative study of both the races has been undertaken with a view to arrive at the relation ship, if any, that might exist between them or to find out any other features of interest that such a study might bring out.


During ODP Leg 177, a Miocene to Pliocene calcareous nannofossil record was recovered at Sites 1088 and 1090 (Fig. F1). Site 1088, located at 41°8′S, shows a continuous middle–upper Miocene to Pliocene carbonate sequence that was deposited at relatively high sedimentation rates (Shipboard Scientific Party, 1999a). Moreover, Site 1088 proved suitable for calcareous nannofossil analysis as a means to improve the biostratigraphy at this southern latitude. Site 1090 was drilled at 42°54′S; a tephra layer marks a significant disconformity at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary of this sequence (Shipboard Scientific Party, 1999b). Although nannofossil assemblages are poorly preserved at this site (Shipboard Scientific Party, 1999b), they may help in determining the age of the disconformity and its paleoceanographic significance.


"Huangyinghua" is a popular cut-flower in China, but it is unclear as to whether "Huangyinghua" is an invasive Solidago canadensis or not. The genetic relationship of a total of 45 samples of "Huangyinghua" with S. canadensis, and S. decurrens were investigated using AFLP technique so as to determine the identity of "Huangyinghua". Genomic DNA was digested with EcoRI and MseI enzymes and amplified with six E+3 and M+3 primer combinations. AFLP analysis produced 661 endonucleotide discernable bands, of which 639 (96.61%) were polymorphic. Cluster analysis through using UPGMA method indicated that "Huangyinghua" and S. canadensis were clustered into the same group that was different from S. decurrens. Sequence analysis based on the ITS regions showed that their sequences of 5.8S rDNA were the same, and the differences were found only in the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. ITS phylogenetic trees of the tested samples and closely-related species were reconstructed based on our sequence data in combination with those from GenBank. Based on the trees, "Huangyinghua" was found to belong to S. canadensis complex, but not to S. decurrens. Moreover, it was found that there were considerable genetic variation in both "Huangyinghua" and S. canadensis. Therefore, the cut-flower "Huangyinghua" may be invasive, and proper measures should be taken to control the further spread of its propagules.


Aiming at the hierarchical grid model structure,following statistical thinking,this paper proposed a new resource allocation and task scheduling algorithm,which could not only increase the utilization of resources and system throughput,but also realize the load balancing within grid systems.This algorithm consisted of three main modules which were load tracking module,job distributing module and load monitoring module.On the basis of having explained the functions of the different functional parts and the relationships between them,gave the corresponding pseudo-code algorithms.The results of simulative experiments show that the algorithm is effective.


Questionnaire surveys of recreational anglers and ˆshermen ˆshing for Ayu were conducted around the Okitsu River, Shizuoka Prefecture, from 2010 to 2012, and the recreational value of Ayu ˆshing was evaluated using the zone travel cost method (ZTCM). The number of recreational anglers and ˆshermen totaled 65,00078,000 each year, and approximately 10 of these were recreational anglers from the Kanto area who drove a car using toll roads. The recreational value amounted to 479 million yen and 478 million yen, respectively, and the cost beneˆt ratio (B/C) was 9.2 and 8.9, respectively, in 2011 and 2012. In addition, the economic eŠect represented by the ˆshing charges income beneˆt ratio (B/I) was 9.2 and 9.1, respectively, in 2011 and 2012. In other words, Ayu ˆshing results in high recreational value as well as highly e‹cient stock enhancement.


Cultivation of disease resistant crops is an important strategy in the integrated pest management which is a guiding principle for good agricultural practice. Therefore, high yielding cultivars with resistance to important plant diseases are needed. The integration of resistance sources such as wild relatives or compatible subspecies might help to enhance the resistance of crops and thus to reduce the need for chemical crop protection measures. For the selection of plants with a specific trait, such as resistance to a plant pathogen, precise determination of the genotype and a reliable characterization of the phenotype are necessary. The rather rapid development of molecular methods and knowledge about genes enhanced the genotyping in plant breeding greatly. The phenotyping, however, is still the bottleneck in resistance breeding. As the phenotype is the result of the interaction of the genotype and the environment phenotyping must be reliable, reproducible and non-invasive. The implementation of sensors in phenotyping systems provides many advantages. Hyperspectral imaging sensors are well suited to characterize different plant traits. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is the most important foliar disease of sugar beets and is mainly controlled by fungicide applications. The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance of sugar beet genotypes against Cercospora beticola and the development of a hyperspectral imaging system for phenotyping this disease resistance. A hyperspectral microscope that measures reflection in the visible and near-infrared range from 400 to 1000 nm with a magnification of up to 7.3x was established to determine spectral changes on the plant tissue level. Disease development on five genotypes infected with CLS was evaluated and compared under controlled conditions. Two additional genotypes were used to validate the results of the hyperspectral measurement of CLS dynamics. Resistant genotypes had a lower percentage of diseased leaf area, a reduced number of lesions, lesion size and growth rate and a decreased spore production. Apart from the quantitative difference between highly susceptible and more resistant sugar beets, the lesion phenotype varied in size and spatial composition depending on the host genotype. Using the hyperspectral microscope, lesions could be differentiated into subareas based on their spectral characteristics. Sugar beet genotypes with lower disease severity typically had lesions with smaller centers and produced fewer spores in comparison to highly susceptible genotypes. The differences in number of spores per lesion were closely associated to the spectral difference calculated as area between spectral signatures before and after sporulation. The CLS development, analyzed by hyperspectral imaging over ten days, differed depending on the host genotype and the resistance source. For example, lesion development on a resistant genotype carrying two quantitative trait loci (QTL) was characterized by a fast and abrupt change in spectral reflectance, whereas it was slower and ultimately more severe on the closely related genotype lacking the QTL. The analysis of reflectance and transmittance images by calculating spectral vegetation indices and extracting spectral signatures revealed a potential benefit of transmission measurements. Depending on the topic and analysis method, effects were sometimes stronger pronounced in the transmittance data. The resistance against C. beticola was not complete, instead, it can be described as quantitative and rate-reducing. Some resistance parameters such as a decreased sporulation matter particularly with regards to disease epidemics in the field. Based on the hyperspectral images, a detailed analysis of the lesions was possible. The presented method allowed a reliable differentiation of CLS dynamics and the characterization of even subtle differences in resistance. Hyperspectral imaging is a promising tool with the potential to improve the screening process in breeding for CLS resistance.


People often rely on forecasts from multiple experts to make decisions about uncertain events in diverse domains such as health and finance. Research has differentiated between perceptions of conflicting forecasts and those of imprecise forecasts, finding more conflict aversion for gains and more imprecision aversion for losses (Baillon, Cabantous, & Wakker, 2012; Smithson, 1999, 2013). However, conflict and imprecision are rarely well differentiated and are often correlated. We examine the joint and distinct effects of conflict and imprecision by modeling subjective estimates focusing on the effect of key attributes of forecast sets: (a) the structure of overlap and (b) level of asymmetry. Participants (N = 358 recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk) saw a series of triplets of interval forecasts of financial market volatility (e.g., forecast A: 0–20% improvement; forecast B: 5–95% improvement; and forecast C: 10–100% improvement) varied in structure of overlap (intersecting, disjoint, or mixed) and level of asymmetry. Participants estimated the most likely value and range of possible values for each forecast set. We used various measures of central tendency and agreement to model the estimates using the pairwise technique developed by Broomell, Budescu, and Por (2014). The ratio of unique predictions that deviate from the estimates less for one model compared to another indicates which model is more accurate. The geometric mean of accuracy ratios between a given model and all others, weighted by the number of distinct predictions, summarizes the relative accuracy of a model. Models were first compared across all sets and then by the major factors. Results


An investigation on survival rate of afforestation was carried in Dayang Forest Farm of the Dongfeng county in 2006~2010.The relationships were analyzed between the survival rate and factors of precipitation and temperature.The results showed: the average annual temperature was the most important factor affecting the survival rate,if the tree species,plant density,site condition and the nursery stock quality were at similar conditions.Additionally,the temperature during March to May was also have remarkable influence on the survival rate.The lower temperature often decreased the survival rate.The effect of precipitation on survival rate was insignificant when the amount of precipitation could reach the demands of tree for surviving.


MicroRNA-24 (miR-24) is an apoptosis suppressor miRNA downregulated in cardiomyocytes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, due to the lack of effective delivery strategies, the role of anti-apoptotic miR-24 in cardiomyocytes post-acute myocardial infarction remains unexplored. Here, we used a silica nanoparticle-based polyelectrolyte (polyethylenimine, PEI) delivery system to study the role of miR-24. These particles with good biocompatibility could be efficiently internalized into cells and release the loaded miR-24 into the cytoplasm. As a result, the overexpression of miR-24 resulted in the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic Bim, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that over-expressed miR-24 additionally significantly improves ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats after coronary artery ligation. In summary, our novel delivery system serves as a therapeutic miRNA formulation for cardiovascular disease treatment.


One metalorganic complex [K(cis‐syn‐cis‐ dicyclohexyl‐18‐crown‐6)]2[Cu(mnt)2] (mnt = maleonitriledithiolate) has been obtained by the reaction of dicyclohexyl‐18‐crown‐6 with K2mnt and CuCl2·2H2O. The title complex has been characterized by elementary analysis, FT‐IR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy and x‐ray single crystal diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with crystallographic data: a = 10.870(6) Å, b = 11.536(6) Å, c = 12.904(7) Å, α = 101.541(10)°, β = 110.573(9)°, γ = 99.441(9)°, V = 1435.2(13) Å3, Z = 1, Dcalcd = 1.350 g/cm3, F(000) = 615, R1 = 0.0641, wR2 = 0.1475. It displays one‐dimensional chain‐like structure formed by [K(cis‐syn‐cis‐ dicyclohexyl‐18‐crown‐6)]+ complex cations and [Cu(mnt)2]2‐ complex anions through N‐K‐N interactions. Its electrochemical behavior has also been studied by the cyclic voltammetry. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Clinical prediction rules for diagnosis seek to optimise the sensitivity and specificity of our diagnostic approach to a given problem. In this issue of the BMJ , Hopper and colleagues report a rare accomplishment in this regard—a decision rule that achieved 100% sensitivity in disease detection, in this case for coeliac disease.1 The rule is simple—a positive serological test for IgA antibody to tissue transglutaminase combined with being at "high risk" (having weight loss, diarrhoea, or anaemia). The rule identified every patient with the disease in a cohort of 2000 patients, all of whom underwent intestinal biopsy as the gold standard and the final diagnostic step. This is a welcome advance. As the authors emphasise, coeliac disease may …


The prestressed steel beam is regarded as a composite system of beam and cables, and the interaction of the two parts is fully considered. The variational method is used to derive the equations for calculating the tension increment of external cables and deflection of steel beam under applied loadings. A model test of prestressed steel beam is used to verify the calculation results.


The aim of the study was analysis of an anal sphincter function in patients before and after surgery for rectal prolapse. Material and methods. Between 1987 and 2005, 49 patients underwent operations for rectal prolapse. The anal sphincter function was analyzed in 17 of these patients. Abdominal approach surgery was performed in 13 patients; this involved rectopexy in 11 and sigmorectal resection in two others. A transanal approach was chosen in four patients, with the Mikulicz technique in two cases, the Delorme procedure in one, and the Altmeier procedure in the remaining case. Results. In all patients who were operated using the transanal approach, we observed some regression in anal sphincter insufficiency. Among the patients operated using the abdominal approach, first degree incontinence persisted in three cases, second degree in five cases, and third degree persisted in four cases. As a result of the surgical treatment of rectal prolapse by rectopexy and transanal approach, we observed a statistically significant increase in the resting anal sphincter pressure; this increase on average reached 58.8 mm Hg. A statistically significant increase in the average maximum squeeze anal sphincter pressure (95.9 mm Hg) was attained after the surgical procedures were performed on patients with rectal prolapse. Conclusion. The results suggest that the improvement of anal function in the control of stool and flatus after surgical treatment for rectal prolapse appears to be the result of an increase in the rest and maximal squeeze pressures of the anal sphincters.


Put a plan in place now for both your general online and social media presence so you can use them to effectively to communicate with and educate patients, said Kimberly Cockerham, MD, and Usiwoma Abugo, MD, Central Valley Eye Medical Group, Stockton, California.


Bandgaps play a central role in modern device physics, and a tunable bandgap can provide great flexibility in device design. Herein, an investigation of trilayer graphene modulated using an external electric field is presented. The calculations for trilayer graphene with hexagonal, Bernal, and rhombohedral stacking have been carried out. It was found that the bandgap of rhombohedral trilayer graphene can be tuned using an electric field. Symmetry plays a crucial role in the modulation the bandgap of trilayer graphene through an electric field.


The development of human civilization over the last decade has reached a landmark as Industry 4.0 has been widely introduced. Several aspects of industry and manufacturing activities are changing due to the Internet of Things (IoT), location detection technologies, and advanced human–machine interfaces. To enact industrial affairs under those specifications, a sensor is required to transform physical events into numerical information. The use of sensors in marine applications also appears in research and studies, in which the sensor is used for both monitoring the phenomena of a designated subject and data acquisition. Achievements in quantifying complex phenomena in critical maritime designs are fascinating subjects to discuss regarding their development and current states, which may be reliable references for further research on developing sensors and related measurement analysis tools in marine, shipbuilding, and shipping fields. This comprehensive review covers several discussion topics, including the origins and development of sensor technology, applied sensor engineering in logistic and shipping activities, the hydrodynamic characterization of designed hulls, the monitoring of advanced machinery performance, Arctic-based field observations, the detection of vibration-based damage to offshore structures, corrosion control and monitoring, and the measurement of explosions on critical maritime infrastructures.


With the growing investigative imaging techniques available in medicine, increasing numbers of thyroid lesions are being identified, either symptomatically or as incidental findings. Ultrasonography remains a key first‐line investigation into evaluating these lesions, and accurately stratifying whether further investigation or management is required.


The International Conference of Research & Regulation 2015, hosted by the French Laboratory for Social Dynamics and Space Recomposition (Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces) and the National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations (Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales), was held on June 9-12, 2015 in Paris, France.Regulation School, started in France in 1976, was theoretically based on Marxist Economics and absorbed part of the thoughts of Keynesian Economics. Accordingly, it proposed a comparatively systemic conceptual system and analysis framework, which has made an important contribution to the research of Marxist political economy on contemporary capitalism. Later, many American and European Marxist political economy schools accepted and developed the methodology and basic theories of French Regulation School, which resulted in the formation of Amsterdam School, West German Regulationists, Nordic Models Group, American Social Structures of Accumulation School (hereafter, it is referred to as SSA school), and Japanese Regulation School. All the above schools are collectively named as Regulation School.The year 2015 witnessed the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Regulation School, and around 200 experts and academics from all over the world attended this distinguished conference. Famous academics included the representatives of French Regulation School such as Michel Aglietta, Robert Boyer, Alain Orlean, Bruno Theret, Pascal Petit, and Bruno Amable; the representatives of American SSA school such as Michael Reich, David Kotz, and Engelbert Stockhammer; the representatives of Japanese Regulation School such as Toshio Yamada and Hiroyuki Uni; and Bob Jessop from Britain, Marshall M. A. Feldman from America; Can Liu and Jie Meng from China; and other experts and academics from countries such as Norway, Austria, Switzerland, Holland, Spain, Italy, Australia, India, South Korea, Turkey, Algeria, Niger, Brazil, and Argentina. Following is a review of the international conference.The theme of this international conference is "Economic Crisis and the Regulation Theory." Centering on this theme, the hosts selected over 170 papers from those submitted and divided them into 23 topics, among which topics such as reflection and criticism on the economics methodology, labor-management relations and capitalism crisis, financial system and development mode in the postcrisis era, sustainable development and global governance, capitalism diversity and East Asian economy are emphasized and discussed.1. Reflection and Criticism on the Economics MethodologyHiroyuki Uni, a professor from Kyoto University, Japan, pointed out that one of the biggest challenges that regulation theory should meet was how to establish an institutional basis for microeconomics. To achieve this, the old institutional economics especially the Commons' concepts could be referred and utilized. He found that there existed correspondence between Commons' concepts and regulation theory: multiple causation, double values, and collective reason in attaining reasonable value in Commons vs. cumulative causation, varieties of coordination and collective actions in emergence of mode in regulation theory. However, Commons did not reveal the process of "co-evolutions of actors' strategies and institutional forms," based on which as a breakthrough, Regulation School could exposit the process of the emergence of the mode of regulation, clarify the committee system of conflicts of interests through institutions for negotiations, and then construct the micro-basis for institutional economics.Shingo Takahashi, a professor from Tokyo College of Transport Studies, proposed that in Commons' theory the transaction was not only authoritative but could coordinate economic agents' interests. The labor conflict occurred not as a result of changes in tools or methods of production, but directly as a result of changes in the market. …


Abstract : Turbulence measurements near the leading edge of a compressor stator were made in a subsonic cascade wind tunnel with a hotwire system. Using a single hot-film probe, velocity and turbulence distortion data were obtained about the leading edge of the Controlled-Diffusion (CD) blades in order to verify Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) data taken in earlier studies. Measurements were conducted at a Mach number of .25, a Reynolds number of 711000 and an inlet flow angle of 48 degrees. Turbulence profiles obtained in the pitch-wise direction were found to be in good agreement with previous LDV measurements. These data indicated a localized increase in turbulence around the leading edge due to the interaction of the free-shear layer with the inlet turbulence. This free-shear layer extends over the separation bubble, which forms on the suction side of the blades' leading edge. Turbulence, Separation bubble, Hotwire, Free-shear layer, Cascade, Controlled-diffusion.


In an interferometry process the successful recording of interference fringes is the primary purpose. A successful interference fringe pattern is formed under strict boundary experimental conditions to provide a high contrast light distribution record. The physical significance of interference fringe patterns is highly evaluated for its high spatial information content and therefore it is explored in many fields of applied science and engineering. Among the most recently explored application domains is the field of Cultural Heritage. The fringe pattern significance is examined as to provide an accurate qualitative and quantitative measuring method to investigate, interpret, document and diagnose existing structural condition and influencing effects on the structure's integrity especially in concern of artworks. These are irreplaceable treasures of human creativity and as such are treated under ethical perspectives of humanities regardless the commercial value they represent; as such in order to evaluate the structural condition maximum image recording resolution and spatial reactions' sensitivity are key factors for diagnostic analysis and documentation. In interference application for art conservation the fringe pattern formation provides a unique information source and measurement capabilities far beyond current practices. In this context a laser based interferometry system is considered most suited to documenting the structural condition of movable/immovable artworks and in the presented application the provided properties are explored to understand and evaluate on the structural documentation of artworks.


Although the relationship is certainly controversial, acid rain is a story about sulfur dioxide (SO2).' The story begins with fossil fuel. Combustion in fossil fuel-fired power plants and chemical processes in other industries generate vast quantities of oxides of oxygen that generally are emitted to the environment as waste. In the case of sulfur dioxide, emissions may be dispersed as far as several hundred miles from the source and along the way become dissolved in atmospheric moisture, forming acid, which is deposited downwind as precipitation (Record 1982). The use of high sulfur coal to produce electricity is not simply a matter of unconstrained choice, however. Federal regulation has prodded producers away from the use of low sulfur coal and natural gas, which would produce little or no SO2 (Gordon 1978, pp. 44—45). As in many other cases, the demand for one regulation has led to the demand for another. Highly valued production of electricity in coal-fired utilities in the Midwest begins a process that leads to the deposition of acid rain on valuable resources in the Northeast. At its simplest theoretical level, the problem is one ofproperty rights. There are no fee simple rights to environmental use that can be enforced and traded in markets. Because of this, tension between the Midwest and the Northeast forms the elements of a classic two-party externality struggle. As


Abstract Objective: Low self-esteem and low self-directedness (SD) are considered a risk factor for the development of eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that low self-esteem and low SD lead to a higher risk for EDs through the mediation of anxiety and depression. Methods: Seventy-seven female teenagers answered the Eating Disorder Inventory 3 (EDI-3), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). To test the hypothesis, a structural equation model (SEM) was used. Results: According to the EDI3-EDRC scores, 23/77 (29.9%) participants demonstrated positive results in the screening. Participants who had positive results in the screening had significantly higher scores on trait and state anxiety, depression, and IU, and lower means of self-esteem and SD. The SEM demonstrated good fit indices and all paths were significant in the predicted directions, confirming the hypothesized model. Conclusions: The current results confirm the role of self-esteem and SD in the development of an ED among adolescent females through the mediating action of IU, anxiety, and depression.


The invention provides a real-time monitoring rapid prototyping device and method based on the femtosecond laser composite technology. The device comprises a vacuum chamber (100), a workbench (101), a feeding device (109), a multi-wavelength fiber laser (120), a real-time monitoring system (110) and a control center, wherein the workbench (101), the feeding device (109), the multi-wavelength fiber laser (120) and the real-time monitoring system (110) are arranged in the vacuum chamber (100), and the multi-wavelength fiber laser (120) and the real-time monitoring system (110) are further in signal connection with the control center outside the vacuum chamber (100). The novel rapid prototyping device and method are provided for manufacturing high-strength, high-finished-product-rate and complex-structure parts and are particularly suitable for various sensors higher in requirement for precision and consistency.


In this paper, a 4-way power divider has been designed and simulated using Wilkinson method and Agilent Design System (ADS) software. This device is designed to divide the output power at the antenna array in the radar X-Band system. In the design process, Roger Duroid 4350B (RO4350B) is used as substrate for microstrip technology on operating frequency 8.5 to 9.5 GHz with 9 GHz as the center frequency. The device consists of a quarter-wavelength transmission line and isolation resistor with N-way tree/corporate structure's configuration. For reducing discontinuities such as right-angle bends, be used mitering techniques. The average measurement results are −23.29 dB of return loss, −6 dB of insertion loss and −22 dB of isolation, respectively.


Abstract Parents should be able to receive parenting support for their child's behavioral issues that are both easy to access and that align with their values. This qualitative report explores the experiences of twenty-six parents with children between 2 and 4 years old who participated in a brief online attachment-based, trauma-informed parenting study. This report is the qualitative component of an eight-week RCT pilot study that evaluated the efficacy of the Aware Parenting program. The cornerstone of the Aware Parenting approach is a playful approach to discipline. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews after participation in a brief Aware Parenting program found three key themes emerge: (1) wanting to be the best parent they could be, (2) reframing child behavior, and (3) a brief program is enough. Overall, participants felt satisfied with a single online session and thought the playful discipline strategies were appropriate, effective, and easy to implement. Parents may benefit from the accessibility of a single-session online parenting program, particularly when opportunities to gather in a face-to-face setting are limited. Recommendations from this study include insight into recruitment, engagement, and retention of participants in future studies on brief online attachment-based parenting programs. This study also highlights the need to explore discipline strategies compatible with attachment-based parent education programs. Key Findings Participants were willing to implement new parenting strategies despite the approach being different from popular parenting practices and different from what they experienced as children. Participants felt that the playful discipline strategies they learned in the Aware Parenting program were an acceptable approach for improving behavior in young children. A single online session with social media follow-up support increases accessibility for parents who may benefit from attachment-based parenting support.


The intelligent space is a space where we can easily interact with computers and robots, and get useful service from them. To achieve such a space, a distributed intelligent networked device (DIND) has been proposed. Many DINDs are installed in a space and they cooperate with each other to make the space intelligent. In this paper, optimal DIND placement, self-calibration of DIND and handover protocol for cooperation among DINDs are described.


Chemical study of the aerial parts of Flourensia blakeana Dillon allowed the isolation and identification of two novel compounds, 3, 5, 5'-trihydroxy-7, 3'-dimethoxyflavanone (1), and 2α-angeloyloxycostic acid (2) together with several known compounds. The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data from 1D, 2D NMR and HRDEIMS experiments.


Sago palm has been utilized more than two hundred years as the second staple food after upland rice for the indigenous people in the Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, the growing areas decreased appreciably from about 13,000 ha in 1986 to 4,988 in 2007, mainly due to the conversion to the rice field. On the other hand, in recent years sago palm has been paid much attention as the raw materials for industrial use such as bio-fuel (alcohol), biodegradable plastic production, etc., due to its great starch productivity. This study was carried out to obtain the basic information on the soil environment under sago growing areas and the growth and starch productivity of sago palm in the Southeast Sulawesi to predict and evaluate the possibility of sago palm cultivation in this region. Physicochemical properties of soils under sago-palm-growing areas (SF) were compared with those of the surrounding cashew fields (CsF), cacao fields (CoF), and paddy fields (PF) around Kendari. The soil texture under the SF varied from sandy loam to silty clay and the soil bulk densities in the SF were mostly lower than those in the CsF and CoF, due to the differences in water regimes. The soil pHs in


Objective: To know the nurses' perception of the factors that influence the safe administration of medications in the work context of the General University Hospital of Elda (Alicante), Spain. Method: This is a qualitative phenomenological study through interviews semi-structured in which 15 nurses chosen by deliberate sampling participated. Results: The participants expressed concern about the performance of the medication administration procedures, which made it possible to perceive safety as the greatest concern in the study unit. A main category called "knowing" was established, which encompasses all the reflections about the nurse's performance during the medication administration process. The following subcategories are developed from this main category: work overload, insufficient training, distractions, and communication and information failures. Conclusion: Knowing the nurses' perception of the factors that influence the safe administration of medications could facilitate the use of instruments to standardize and reduce variability in the safe administration of medications. As well as improving conditions in work environments and not favoring social, personal and professional stigmatization due to care error.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society An STM Study of the Interaction of hexabenzocorone on a Ru(0001) Surface KWANG TAEG RIM, Columbia University, Department of Chemistry and Columbia Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, DAEJIN EOM, LI LIU, SHENGXIONG XIAO, MICHAEL STEIGERWALD1, MARK HYBERTSEN, Columbia University, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and Columbia Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, COLIN NUCKOLLS, GEORGE FLYNN — The interaction of hexabenzocorone (hbc) with Ruthenium surface has been investigated using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum. The images obtained at 77K and 4.5K, after hbc molecules were vacuum deposited at 325oC onto a pristine Ru(0001) surface, exhibit surface bound molecules with off-centered bonding sites. After annealing the hbc-Ru complex at 600oC for 15min, hbc molecules appear to be dehydrogenated to form the bowl-shaped C48. The nature of the interaction and the dehydrogenation of the hbc on Ru(0001) surface will be discussed with DFT calculation, the supplemental IR absorption, and Temperature Programmed Desorption studies. The possibility of growing carbon nanotubes on C48 end-cap upon dosing with C2H2 will also be discussed.


Investment for most companies is the development of the activity as a business is run. Investment capital investment not only alone, but also on other matters relating to the use of funds, such as the purchase of assets, asset replacement and others. Management of the investment must be done carefully which of course will produce optimal returns. For measurements that need to be done on assessing the viability of an investment. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the use of methods that are commonly used in assessing an investment. Through a comparison between several methods such as average rate of return, payback period, internal rate of return, profitability index, and Net Present Value (NPV), the results showed that the NPV method can be regarded as a more representative method to generate the feasibility and optimization of the investment. Keywords: Assessment, Investment, Net Present Value


Residues of imidacloprid were estimated in the pulp and rind of Kinnow mandarin fruits separately on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Following application of imidacloprid at the rate of 0.008 and 0.016% a.i. on Kinnow mandarin plants, the average initial deposits at both these dosages on the rind of Kinnow mandarin fruits were found to be 2.40 and 3.90 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding values in the pulp were observed to be 0.03 and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. A sudden decline in the residue levels in the rind and a corresponding increase in the pulp was observed on 5th day, thereafter, the residue levels steadily decreased both in the rind and pulp. Residues of imidacloprid were below its maximum residue limit (MRL) of 1.0 mg/kg in whole cirtus fruits at zero day sampling.


Abstract Anterior interbody fusions are commonly used in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. The addition of anterior fusions to posterior constructs offers increased construct stability, improved fusion rates, and better lordosis restoration. The anterior column is most commonly accessed by the anterior retroperitoneal approach, in which the anterior longitudinal ligament is resected, or by the lateral transpsoas approach, which offers the ability to either leave the anterior longitudinal ligament intact or resect it as part of anterior column realignment. Complications are mostly approach-related and include vascular, visceral, and neurological injury.


Simulation optimization technique is a special branch of optimization,which is based on computer simulation.Tugboat team has great significance in port system.For the sake of adapting the port development,it is important to put forward reasonable planning for tugboat team.That means the number of tugboats and the horsepower of each tugboat should be marshaled well.For the particularity of the port tugboat working process,it's difficult to set up simulation model of the port tugboat working process by the traditional optimization theories.Therefore,heuristic simulation optimization technique is adopted.A simulation optimization system of tugboat marshaling is also built,which can give reasonable allocation of tugboat team to port manager.


Objective To investigate the correlation of adiponectin level with insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Methods Adiponectin was determined in 40 patients with GDM and 34 control subjects. The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR ) was calculated. Results (1)The meams of adiponectin and HOMA -IR were(7.83±1.57)μg/L and(3.57±1.27)respectively in GDM group and (9.36±1.41)μg/L and(2.98±1.03)respectively in the control subjects(all P0.05).(2)A multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that BMI and adiponectin were independent factors affecting HOMA-IR. Conclusions Adiponectin level is lower in GDM compared with control subjects,and adiponectin might play an important role in pathogenesis of insulin resistance.


We investigate the radial distribution of galaxies within their host dark matter halos as measured in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey by modeling their small-scale clustering. Specifically, we model the Jiang et al. measurements of the galaxy two-point correlation function down to very small projected separations (10 h−1 kpc ⩽ r ⩽ 400 h−1 kpc), in a wide range of luminosity threshold samples (absolute r-band magnitudes of −18 up to −23). We use a halo occupation distribution framework with free parameters that specify both the number and spatial distribution of galaxies within their host dark matter halos. We assume one galaxy resides in the halo center and additional galaxies are considered satellites that follow a radial density profile similar to the dark matter Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) profile, except that the concentration and inner slope are allowed to vary. We find that in low luminosity samples (Mr < −19.5 and lower), satellite galaxies have radial profiles that are consistent with NFW. Mr < −20 and brighter satellite galaxies have radial profiles with significantly steeper inner slopes than NFW (we find inner logarithmic slopes ranging from −1.6 to −2.1, as opposed to −1 for NFW). We define a useful metric of concentration, M1/10, which is the fraction of satellite galaxies (or mass) that are enclosed within one-tenth of the virial radius of a halo. We find that M1/10 for low-luminosity satellite galaxies agrees with NFW, whereas for luminous galaxies it is 2.5–4 times higher, demonstrating that these galaxies are substantially more centrally concentrated within their dark matter halos than the dark matter itself. Our results therefore suggest that the processes that govern the spatial distribution of galaxies, once they have merged into larger halos, must be luminosity dependent, such that luminous galaxies become poor tracers of the underlying dark matter.


Electrochemical trimethylsilylation of mono- and polyhalothiophenes (hal = Cl, Br) has been examined. In order to predict the selectivity of the reaction in accordance with the halogen position on the ring, the reduction potentials of the commercially available halothiophenes have been determined by cyclic voltammetry. Thus, as expected, the bromo derivatives are more easily reduced than the chloro analogs, and the 2-position is more reactive than the 3-position. We obtained 2- and 3-(trimethylsilyl)thiophenes, 2-(trimethylsilyl)-3 (or 5)-halothiophenes, 2-(trimethylsilyl)-3,4,5-trihalothiophenes, 2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)thiophene, 2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3,4-dihalothiophenes, and 2,3,5-tris(trimethylsilyl)-4-halothiophenes with an excellent selectivity. In contrast, the silylation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)-3-halo- and 2,3,5-tris(trimethylsilyl)-4-halothiophenes occurred with ring opening and afforded 1,1,4,4-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)-1,2-butadiene and hexakis(trimethylsilyl)-2-butyne, respectively. A coherent ...


Multirotors Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have been attracting large interest from the academy and the industry due to factors such as simplified mechanics, low cost, high maneuverability, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) and wide variety of applications (fire fighting, surveillance, filming etc.). This work deals with the attitude control problem for a quadrotor UAV. In order to solve the problem, a backstepping attitude controller that guarantees the asymptotic stability of the system was designed using quaternion as attitude parametrization. The result was a control law similar to a P-D law with an additional nonlinear term in order to compensate the nonlinear term from the attitude dynamics. Simulations were made to validate the attitude control law achieved as well as experiments with an equipment similar to a quadrotor, but mounted on a 3 degrees of freedom pivot joint enabling only the rotational motion, the Quanser 3D Hover. Additionally, the system was simulated with 6 degrees of freedom (translational and rotational) and a P-D controller with constraints on the total thrust and on the inclination angle was used for the position control and to provide the desired attitude for the attitude controller. Propeller dynamics and perturbations acting on the quadrotor were modelled to obtain a more realistic result. Monte Carlo simulations were made to assess the mean effect of these random perturbations, and the results were effective for a way point trajectory.


The objectives of this research are :(1) to study the effect of active packaging, i.e., MAP 60% CO2 + 40%N2, N2 100%, and O2-absorber, on the quality changes of Moji cake during storage, and (2) to study the effect of packaging materials. Moji cake flavored "Bai Toey" was selected to be the sample of this study ; OPP/PE represented a low barrier film and PET/PE/Al/EMAA a high barrier film. The results showed that the quality deterioration was mainly caused by mould growth and moisture loss. The shelf-life of all samples packaged under any gas atmosphere in OPP/PE was only 7 days while the samples packaged under normal atmosphere could be stored for 5 days. In case of the high barrier film, it was found that O2-absorber was the most effective method. It could extend the samples' shelf-life to at least 31 days. The shelf-life of 17 and 7 days were reported in case of MAP and N2100%. So, N2-flushed packaging is not recommended for extending shelf-life of Moji cake.


Contents of fly ash are important factors for the operation of coal-fired plants. Real-time monitoring of coal and fly ash such as unburned carbon in fly ash can be an indicator of the combustion conditions. Because of the strong signal intensity and the relative simplicity of the LIBS (Laser- Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) technique, LIBS can be applicable for real-time composition measurement of coal and fly ash. This research presented here focused on the clarification of the effects of plasma temperature and coexisting materials on quantitative measurement of fly ash contents. Quantitative capability of LIBS was improved using the proposed plasma temperature correction method. The CO2 effect was also discussed to accurately evaluate unburned carbon in fly ash in exhausts. Using the results shown in this study, quantitative measurement of fly ash contents has been improved for wider applications of LIBS to practical fields.


The test set consists of an optotransmitter (1), formed by a semiconductor laser (2) controlled by a pulse generator (3), and of an optoreceiver (7). The optoreceiver (7) comprises one or more photodiodes (8), an amplifier (9), a pulse-shaping stage (10) and a loudspeaker (11). The optotransmitter (1) transmits light pulses with a repetition frequency in the audible low-frequency region. The optical fibre (4) to be tested is inserted with both ends into the free sides of couplings (5, 6) connected to the transmitter (1) and receiver (7), respectively.


The paper aims at providing a syntactic analysis of one minor type of predicational clauses in Polish in which the logical subject figures as a complement of the preposition z 'of', whereas the predicate is marked for the nominative case. The theoretical model used here is the Minimalist Program of Chomsky (2000, 2001, 2008). Z -predicational sentences have not been systematically analysed so far and the only available analysis, that of Hentschel (2001), concentrates on determining the restrictions on the type of the PP complement and the nominative DP as well as on discovering the grammatical subject of this type of sentence. It is argued in the paper that the prepositional complement in the clauses under consideration tends to be definite and referential, while the nominative DP must always be indefinite and non-referential. Based on agreement and control, it has been demonstrated that it is the nominative DP that acts as a grammatical subject in this type of copular clauses. Moreover, this DP is always targeted for Agree by T and ends up in the canonical subject position, i.e. Spec, TP. Whenever the PP precedes the subject, it is topicalised and hence moved to Spec, CP. The different positions of the PP and the DP with respect to each other underline their different information structure in the given sentences.


analyse her work considering prime numbers, divisibility and the fundamental theorem of arithmetic via theoretical constructs of cognitive conflict and its resolution. We introduce the notions of "pivotal example" and "bridging example" and discuss their role in building an analogy and in addressing and resolving a cognitive conflict. This report is a part of ongoing research on prospective teachers' mathematical content knowledge. More specifically, we focus on how prospective teachers develop or change their understanding of number structure when presented with particular mathematical tasks. In this paper we focus on an excerpt from a clinical interview with one prospective elementary school teacher, Selina, and her attempt at one task, namely, to simplify 13×17 19× 23 . We have chosen to analyse and present the excerpt from the interview with Selina because she was very explicit in sharing her ideas and way of thinking. We have chosen this particular task as it introduces minor novelty in a familiar setting and lets us follow Selina's conflict in reconciling robust concepts with a novel realization.


Summary form only given. Mode locked semiconductor lasers are important for a wide range of fiber transmission systems. These include soliton generation and clock recovery in very high speed transmission systems. Compact, single chip, mode locked lasers are desirable for practical systems since they are likely to be more stable than the offchip external cavity designs. The fabrication and performance characteristics of a single chip mode locked laser is reported here. The laser emits near 1.55 /spl mu/m and is fabricated using the InGaAsP/InP material system.


A new design method using high order neural networks to approach interconnected system aiming at a class of nonlinear composite system is presented. The high order neural networks are used to approach interconnected terms of composite systems which solved interconnected problem and use easily in the engineering. Then the indirect adaptive control of composite systems is studied. Simulation results show effectiveness of this method.


We calculate the effective force between two oppositely charged and similarly charged ions fixed in water as a function of separation distance R. At short separations, R less than 1 nm, the effective force is vastly different from the $1/{\epsilon}_{s}R^2$ dependence advocated by the screened Coulomb force law (SCFL); ${\epsilon}_{s}$ being the static dielectric constant of the medium. We also find an interesting asymmetry in the force between +ve and -ve ions. This breakdown of SCFL is shown to be due to the persistent interference between the polarizations created by the two charges, in a manner similar to the vortex-antivortex pair formation in XY model Hamiltonian. The distance dependence of dielectric constants, ${\epsilon}_{s}$(R) extracted from our simulation exhibit interesting features and can be used in future modelling.


The synthesis of the invariant natural killer (iNK) T cell agonist β-mannosylceramide along with a series of fatty amide analogues is reported. Of the six β-glycosylation protocols investigated, the sulfoxide methodology developed by Crich and co-workers proved to be the most effective where the reaction of a mannosyl sulfoxide and phytosphingosine derivative gave a key glycolipid intermediate as a 95 : 5 mixture of β- to α-anomers in high yield. A series of mannosyl ceramides were evaluated for their ability to activate D32.D3 NKT cells and induce antitumour activity.


ABSTRACT Background: Physical, communication, geographic, and attitudinal factors place individuals with aphasia at risk for social isolation. Social networking applications may reduce the impact of such factors, providing an accessible context that reduces isolation. While individuals with aphasia desire to use social networking technologies, high linguistic demands and complex interface design constrain participation. Modified social networking applications may scaffold successful participation, capitalizing on multimodality communication tools, including photograph-based exchange to support participation. Aims: This study examined the ability of individuals with aphasia to share daily experiences using Snapchat. The utility of the Snapchat platform in facilitating social exchange opportunities among individuals with aphasia was also explored. Methods & Procedures: Six participants with aphasia participated in a 1-month trial of peer-to-peer social networking via Snapchat, using iPods equipped with Snapchat. Following hands-on training and an aphasia-friendly reference manual, participants posted images using Snapchat. Technology support was provided throughout the trial. Screenshots of posted images with or without text or other modalities were collected during the 1-month trial. Qualitative coding characterized the nature of posted images. Post-trial interviews were recorded from five out of the six participants. Outcomes & Results: A total of 126 posts were collected (0–20 per day, 4–47 per person). Images, unaccompanied by text or drawing features, accounted for 79% of posts. Three participants accounted for almost 50% of the posts. Qualitative analyses generated three schemes for characterizing images: objective, engagement, and identity. Post-trial interviews revealed unanimous dissatisfaction with Snapchat as a social networking tool. While participants reported minor difficulties with technology and access to application, the primary barriers were a lack of reciprocity with other participants. Conclusions: Although the participants reported difficulty with Snapchat, they each used posts to share about themselves. Participants shared meaningful images, sometimes augmented with text or drawing. Our research team concluded that there is a need for individualized, ongoing access to technology support for troubleshooting. Further, participants need to feel comfortable in utilizing that support. Constraints on use, necessary for data collection, complicated implementation and reduced participation. Our team believes that offering individuals with aphasia more freedom to use the application features, such as friend-to-friend communication, would reduce challenges with viewing and responding to peer posts. Individuals with aphasia express a desire for a reviewable timeline of posts that they can revisit as many times as they like, at their own pace. Despite dissatisfaction expressed by participants, Snapchat and related applications hold promise as universally available social networking tools given some adjustments.


Had been successfully synthesized rPP/DVB/PP-AA/rNR/KF//Hall+ZB smart composite in solution reactive processes with various recycled Natural Rubber (rNR) bio-compatibilizer concentration. The addition of rNR bio-compatibilizer improved the total capacity loading (Hall and KF) filler to reach the optimum concentration. The addition of 3% rNR is capable to increase capacity of total loading filler KF and Hall up to 46% as the optimum condition (KH4). At optimum conditions it can increase the Tensile Strength (TS) and Elongation (Elo) up to 16% and 17% respectively, and decrease the Young Modulus (YM) to 1% compared to that the composites without rNR (KH1). The rNR plasticizer serves as a bio-compatibilizer that can increase the loading filler capacity and well interaction, finally, it can increase the TS properties. The increase of total loading filler KF and Hall to 46% (KH4) can also improve the inflammability of the composites. The Heat combustion (Hg) of KH1 without rNR was 42.3 kJ/g and at optimum condition the Hg of KH4 increases 4.8%, compared to that of KH1. The time to Ignition (TTI) increases by 6.9%, Burning Rate (BR) decreases by 3.7% and the Heat Release (HR) increases by 2.1% compared to that of the composites without rNR (KH1).


VLADIMIR PROPP AND JEROME BRUNER: THE NARRATIVE PHENOMENON ANALYSIS The aim of this work is to make a comparison between the results and methods of analysis of two investigations by Vladimir Propp and Jerome Bruner. We chose Propp's Morphology of the folktale because there the researcher develops his narrative analysis method and for the case of Bruner the work Child's talk under the assumption that there Bruner developed an analysis method of narrative phenomena similar to Propp. Although both researchers develop different research programs their works converge in the situation of analyzing narrative events. We conclude that both researchers locate at the heart of the analysis the praxis dimension, understood as the protagonist dimension of the human action.


Poet Mu Dan describes his loving winter many times in his poems and letters and there is close relationship between his winter conception and his frustration experience of life, which makes the poet use his pen to deeply expose and castigate dishonest modern society by his indomitable will.


In this work, a general code is obtained to facilitate the simulation of the electromagnetic transient response of a transmission line excited by a nearby lightning stroke using EMTP-type programs, namely ATP (Alternative Transients Program) and PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design). Initially, a frequency domain model of a field-excited (illuminated) line is implemented using Taylor's formulation. Based on this model and on the application of the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform, a general code is developed in MATLAB to obtain terminal current sources representing incident field excitation, which are used as external sources for ATP and PSCAD. This code makes the computation of the effect of indirect lightning easier for the user, since a deep knowledge of the modeling approach behind this computation is not required. Several application examples are included to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the code.


The present invention provides an image forming apparatus, a developing apparatus and a process cartridge. The image forming apparatus comprising: an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member is developed with a developer in the developing apparatus, which includes a developer supply member and the developer carrying member, carries the developer to the use of the former developer to the electrostatic latent image , which has the foam layer into the developer can be supplied to the developer to the developer carrying member, the developer carrying member having a core electrode and a developer supplying member for rotatably supporting the developer carrying member having a rotatable core electrode supporting the developer supplying member; and a detector, and the developer supply detecting core electrode upon application of the AC bias to the developer electrode core or core electrode carrying member the developer supply member for the developer carrying member capacitance between the core electrode member. Wherein a surface aeration amount L of the developer supplying member satisfies 1.8≤L≤5.0 liters / min.


Abstract : Nonlinear ocean waves with two-dimensional surface patterns in shallow water are studied analytically and experimentally. The analytical model is a family of periodic solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashuili equation. The experiments demonstrate the accuracy of these solutions. When these two- dimensional waves shoal on a planar beach, they quickly generate an array of periodic rip currents. Mach reflections of cnoidal waves are also modelled by these KP solutions. Ocean waves, Two-dimensional, Nonlinear, Rip currents.


Control power of genetics of quantitative characters in plant by the larger major gene and the smaller minor micro-genes.To detect value number of a certain sequence character,in the filial generation or backcross posterity,through the maximum likelihood test to determine control of the traits of the genetic models and a variety of genetic parameters and the genetic effect.Because different genetic models had different genetic parameters and different gene expression,required to use the different iterative formula.To enable a number of iterative formula as unify as possible,this paper put forward a concept of generation constraint and distribution constraint.


For centuries, doctors have recognised patients with complaints of a cold-induced condition known as perniones or chilblains but the backgrounds of the condition are largely unknown. In thesis we studied how patients are affected by chronic chilblains, what they do and expect from their doctors, familial aggregation of the disease and the treatment of the condition.


Objective
To compare 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques on the target tissue and critical organ doses in terms of dosimetry, during treatment planning of patient's post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) to the left chest wall.

Materials and Methods
Twenty breast cancer patients with left-sided post-mastectomy have selected for PMRT both 3D-CRT and IMRT techniques. Dosimetric calculation of dose simulation in Eclipse treatment planning system have been performed. Organs at risk with the maximum dose, minimum dose, mean dose, D95, conformity and homogeneity indexes and total monitor unit for the Planning Target Volume were compared in terms of the critical organ doses.

Results
There was no significant difference between the two treatment planning techniques in terms of maximum, minimum, mean dose and heterogeneity index (p>0.05). At low doses, the dose received at the heart was significantly lower with the 3D-CRT technique, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two techniques at the maximum and average doses in the high dose regions.

Conclusion
For PMRT to the left chest wall, IMRT significantly improves the conformity of plan and reduce the high-dose volumes of ipsilateral lung and heart compared to 3D-CRT, but 3D-CRT is superior in terms of low-dose volume.


WE were very concerned to see the statement from the BVA on November 5 indicating its agreement with the Chief Veterinary Officer's (CVO's) advice to ministers justifying extensions to the pilot badger culls in Somerset and Gloucestershire.

There is significant concern among scientists with considerable expertise in the impact of culling badgers on the incidence of bovine TB in cattle that extending culling over a prolonged period makes the outcome (in terms of its impact on the incidence of bovine TB in cattle) less predictable, and indeed could make matters worse. In light of this scientific uncertainty, the BVA's endorsement of the …


The transfer matrix and transmission coefficient tunneling through a quantum system consisting of rectangular barriers were obtained by solving the Schr?dinger equation.Effects of structure on resonant tunneling were studied in multiquantum-well systems.


Since China entered the WTO,the higher education in Henan Province has beeh developing rapidly.Much more emphasis has been on higher education and its condition for development has improved. Reformation system of running a college or university and system of educational management have deepend a lot.But at the same time,competition in the malket of higher eduction especially for talents in education is becoing more and more fierce.And investment on teaching is still insufficient and development is relatively backward.So we must increase the Rnowledge about the strategic position of education,enhance the competitive ability of Henan's higher education;expand the market for higher education;adjust timely to the structure of cultirating talents,strengothen the construction of teachers in colleges and universities,adopt various methods of running a college or university,make Henan's higher education more popular,strengthen thought and politicalwork.


A promising planar inverted‐F metal‐strip antenna suitable for Bluetooth headset application is studied. The antenna has a low‐profile appearance and can be embedded inside the housing of the Bluetooth headset to operate as an internal antenna. The antenna is to be mounted along the side edge of the system circuit board of the headset, almost not occupying the valuable board space. Results have indicated that, when the antenna is mounted at either end of the side edge, a large bandwidth (>250 MHz) centered at about 2442 MHz can be achieved, making the antenna easily cover the Bluetooth operation in the 2400–2484 MHz band. Performances of the studied antenna attached to the user's head are also studied. Large distortion in the antenna's radiation pattern is observed. However, the antenna's radiation efficiency is still larger than about 70% over the operating band, which is acceptable for practical applications. Details of the obtained experimental and simulation results are presented and discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 19–23, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22047


Initially, growth hormone was used only for patients with growth hormone deficiency, but it is now used, with varying efficacy, in children with Turner syndrome or other forms of proportionate short stature. These researchers sought genetic factors that could explain the differences in responses to growth hormone …