The full operation of an industrial processing facility with artificial intelligence has been the holy grail of Industry 4.0. One of the inherent difficulties is the enumerate and complex nature of processing information within an industrial plant. Hence, such data should be processed efficiently. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of a deep auto-encoder neural network for the dimensionality reduction of industrial processing data. The deep auto-encoder neural network functions to intake all possible processing data from the processing system by sending it into an encoder neural network. Subsequently, the encoder condenses the data into highly compressed encoded variables. The network is trained in an unsupervised manner, where a decoder neural network simultaneously attempts to revert the encoded variables to their original form. Such a deep learning approach allows data to be highly compressed into lower dimensions. The coded variables retain critical information of the processing system, allowing reconstruction of the full process data. Auto-encoder neural networks are also able to provide noise removal for encoded data. For application, the encoded variable can be utilized as an effective dimension-reduced variable that can be used for plant-wide optimization. This paper also discusses the further applications of encoded variables for industrial process improvements using the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies.


The objective of this work is to remove Vanadium V+5 ions from wastewater by batch adsorption utilizing Nano Graphene Oxide (NGO) since Vanadium presents a hazardous concern due to its effect on biological systems; According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), vanadium V+5 ions are a potential human carcinogen. In the adsorption process, the effects of temperature (20-50)°C and initial concentration effect (100-800) mg L-1 were investigated. The adsorption isotherms were identified using a simulated aqueous solution of the V+5 ions and a kinetic and thermodynamic sorption analysis. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the data. Due to the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.999, analyses showed that the Adsorption of V+5 ions by NGO followed the Langmuir model. Kinetic models analyzed Intra Particle Diffusion, Pseudo First & Second Order Models revealed that an Intra-Particle Diffusion model was followed. Thermodynamically, The Adsorption processes were exothermic, random, and spontaneous, all shown by the negative values for Enthalpy ∆H, Entropy ∆S, and Gibbs free Energy ∆G.


This paper addresses some important legal elements that will be involved in implementation of solar power satellites drawing down energy from the sun, a process commonly called space-based solar power (SBSP). This paper outlines the advantages of SBSP and briefly reviews its history and limited development until today. The paper's important contribution is to describe the current regime of international space law. It explains specific ways international regulations help to create a supportive environment for launching, maintenance and removal of solar power satellites, while offering suggestions for future improvements to this regime.


The electricity consumption of most of the middle and small scaled electric phosphorus furnaces at home is higher.It analyzes the effect of increasing the load of the electric phosphorus furnace,controlling the over quantity coefficient of the coke and the ratio of calcium and silicon in the furnace sludge for output increasing and consumption decreasing under the condition of long and safe operation.It gives the way to improve the electrical energy utilization rate and decrease the heat loss.It points out the effect of increasing the electrical energy utilization rate is obvious by using computer control for steady and balanced 3-phase electric current .It thinks it is an effective measure for realizing the output increasing and decreasing the consumption of the electric phosphorus furnace when the electric phosphorus furnace load is suitably increased,the over quantity coefficient of the coke is controlled at approximately 0.96 and the ratio of calcium and silicon in the furnace sludge is 0.8,this measure has been spread to some middle and small scaled electric phosphorus furnaces at home.


Abstract In the presence of pyridine, naturally occurring acetylenic spiroketals isolated from Chinese Artemisia species underwent regio and stereoselectively 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with diazomethane. The structures of the adducts and the regio and stereoselectivity were established mainly by 1D and 2D NMR techniques. This is the first report concerning the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of diazomethane to α,β-unsaturated ketals which is of utility in the structure modification of some organic compounds.


Chinese is now a global language because of the global flow of Chinese people throughout the world. This development provides an important intellectual basis for engaging in the transnational exchange of Chinese theoretical knowledge. The argument developed here is that learning from international (and migrant) research students from China is a way to internationalise Australian research education programs. Rancière's concept of 'ignorance of inequality' informs the pedagogies of intellectual equality reported here by providing an interruption to the prevailing sense and sensibilities of research education. Chinese doctoral students' analysis of Australian research policy verifies the presumption that they are capable of scholarly argumentation using Chinese theoretical tools. 随着中国人口在全世界的流动,汉语已经成为一门世界语言,这给在全世界范围内应用中国的理论知识提供了智力基础。本文提出,通过向来自中国的国际(以及移民)研究生们学习,澳洲可以促进其高等教育的国际化。借鉴Rancière (1991) 关于教育不平等的理论,本文提出了一个新的概念:生成平等教育法,该方法被用来质疑西方研究生教育中的一些惯例。来自中国的博士研究生们对于澳洲政府关于学术研究政策的批判分析证明,他们有能力应用中国的理论知识进行学术研究。


We report an approach for visualizing DNA sequence and using these 'DNA barcodes' to search complex mixtures of genomic material for DNA molecules of interest. We demonstrate three applications of this methodology; by identifying specific molecules of interest from a dataset containing gigabasepairs of genome; by straightforward strain-typing of bacteria from such a dataset and, finally, by locating infecting virus molecules in a background of human genomic material. DNA barcodes enable quantitative understanding of complex genome mixtures, on a large scale. As a result of the dense fluorescent labelling of the DNA, individual barcodes of the order 40 kilobase pairs in length can be reliably identified. This means DNA can be prepared for imaging using standard handling and purification techniques. The recorded dataset provides stable physical and electronic records of the total genomic content of a sample that can be readily searched for a molecule or region of interest.


Deboning operations are one of the largest users of on-line labor in today's poultry plants. Efforts have been made over the years to automate this function, but to date have achieved only limited success. The main difficulty in this task is its unstructured nature due to the natural variability in the sizes of birds and their deformable bodies. To increase product safety and quality, the industry is looking to robotics to help solve these problems. This research has focused on developing a new method of automating the deboning of bird front halves. If this task can be automated, the technology would naturally be extended to other cuts and trimming operations in poultry and red meat. To accomplish this goal, the project team has been working for the past four years on the development of a sensor-based intelligent cutting system. This work is based on the development of a model for the cutting of bio-materials that can be extended to the cutting of meat, tendon, ligaments, and bone. When this model is combined with data from the tendon prediction system, the nominal cutting trajectory can be established and adjusted based on the cutting model in conjunction with knowledge of the bird's anatomy. The value in accomplishing this work would be to not only reduce labor costs but also to increase the yield of breast meat and reduce/eliminate bone chips. It is estimated that an increase in yield of a single percentage point could represent several millions of dollars of additional revenue for each and every plant. Current attempts at automation of the shoulder cut impose several percentage points of yield loss in return for lower labor costs. In the manual process, while generally providing a higher yield of breast meat, the quality of the product varies dramatically based on the skill of the worker, and the labor costs are significantly higher. It is the goal of this work to develop a system that eliminates labor and consistently provides a yield similar to the best manual worker. The overall vision for this project requires the development of various technology components that will be unified into a single operational system. This includes a system to identify the initial cutting point, a system to specify the nominal cutting trajectory based on the size of that specific bird, a model to predict the location of the joint and shoulder tendons given the position/orientation of the wing tip, a mathematical model of the cutting process that allows the control system to interpret force/torque data and make intelligent motion commands to avoid cutting through the bone, and a robotic platform capable of executing these commands in real-time. Ai-Ping Hu, Sergio Grullon, Debao Zhou, Jonathan Holmes, Wiley Holcombe, Wayne Daley and Gary McMurray Food Processing Technology Division, ATAS Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0823 System Overview The prototype system that has been developed at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is designed to allow the research team to develop and test the various system components. Figure 1 illustrates the major hardware components. The ABB robot is not used for any of the cutting tasks, but instead it is only used to move the cone through the cutting system. The cutting system itself consists of two motors that move the blade in the vertical plane only. This plane is perpendicular to the motion of the cone. The cutting system has a force/torque cell mounted at the end of the arm with a static blade located at the end. Figure 1 System Overview The system uses a vision system (not shown in this figure) to predict the position of the shoulder tendons. This data is then communicated to the robot controller that moves the knife such that it will be above the shoulder tendon once the bird moves into the cutting position. An inductive sensor is used to locate the cone as it is moved by the ABB robot through the cutting cell. Once the sensor detects the cone, the controller waits a predefined amount of time (based on the velocity of the moving cone) until it begins to move the blade down. The blade then follows a predefined trajectory that has been customized for that bird based on the vision data. Once the blade enters the meat, the controller begins to look for the bone as it follows the predefined trajectory. Once the bone is detected, the controller switches to a force control algorithm to guide the blade along the bone without cutting into the bone. This prevents the creation of any bone fragments. Once the blade has completed the cut around the bone, the system then switches to a different control algorithm that guides the blade along the scapula bone without the generation of any bone chips. One of the major driving forces of this system is the time required to actually perform the cutting motion. The plunge of the knife blade into the meat must occur in less than 0.1 seconds. This is due to two major factors. First, the main tendon runs very deep around the shoulder bone. Second, in order to minimize yield loss, it is critical that the knife enter as close to the shoulder joint as possible. The system that is shown in Figure 1 is not the final commercial system. GTRI envisions the final system to be integrated into a commercial system. The workspace of the prototype system is much larger than is ultimately necessary. The final system should consist of two small motors that make the small motions required to make the cuts. A force/torque sensor will be required to provide the necessary data for the control system. Calculation of the Initial Cutting Point GTRI has pioneered a novel approach to the identification of the bones and tendons with the shoulder joint. The proposed system addresses many of the factors that account for the variability of the tendons and joint in the bird. This includes natural variations in the bird anatomy and the deformation of the bird as well as the unpredictability of the placement of the bird on the cone. The concept developed at GTRI utilizes a system to identify three key points on the bird. From these locations, a software algorithm is able to predict the location of the tendons and thus the initial cutting point for the shoulder cut. This method is accurate to approximately ±3 mm. This is sufficient for the robot to begin the cut. The initial approach is to use 3D machine vision by utilizing stereo cameras. These measurements could possibly be made by other means such as a mechanical technique especially if this could be integrated with the cutting device; however, a non-contact optical approach is also attractive for proving the concept. An imaging cell consisting of a dome was constructed and two stereo cameras mounted to allow for observation of the required reference points which were: the left and right wing body intersection points and the keel tip. Sample images were collected in the imaging cell and preliminary algorithms developed to locate these points. This was done by first locating a region in which we would expect to find the reference point and then following along the edge of the wing to identify the transition from the wing edge to the body. The procedure is shown in Figure 2 with a dot to identify the chosen reference point. This point is then given as a three-dimensional position relative to a reference frame in the stereo camera. System to Specify the Nominal Cutting Trajectory Based on a statistical analysis of the data collected from a hundred birds, the team has been able to Figure 2 Location of Key Point on Right Wing identify a nominal cutting trajectory for each bird. This trajectory would guide the blade from the clavicle bone to the shoulder, through the shoulder joint, and down along the scapula bone. This trajectory is then offset by the location of the initial cutting points as discussed in the previous section. The research team has also spent a considerable amount of time studying the various cutting techniques used by workers. Many of these techniques rely on the worker to manipulate the wing during the cut in order to simplify the cut for the worker. While this is obviously optimal for the worker, it does not lend itself to an automated solution. Our approach focuses on minimizing the actuation required of the wing at the expense of a slightly more complicated cutting trajectory of the blade. The rationale for this is simply that the additional cost of the actuation system for the wings does not eliminate the need for any actuators for the blade motion. Thus, for now, the team is focused only on passive wing manipulation. Mathematical Model of the Cutting Process The influence of the blade edge shape and its slicing angle on the cutting of biomaterials are formulated and discussed based on the stress analysis. Through modeling the cutting force, an optimal slicing angle can be formulated to maximize the feed rate while minimizing the cutting forces. Moreover, the method offers a means to predict cutting forces between the blade and the biomaterials, and a basis for design of robust force control algorithms for automating the cutting of biomaterials. An example of this analysis is shown in Figure 3 where the experimental and theoretical fracture forces are compared at various cutting angles of the blade. The results of this data demonstrate a key understanding of the fundamentals of cutting. Figure 3 Fracture Force vs. Cutting Angle Figure 4 Compressive Force During Actual Cut of Breast Fillet Building on this work, the team began to explore the actual cutting forces. An example of the compressive cutting force during an actual cut can be seen in Figure 4. This is the fundamental relation upon which our understanding is based. Figure 5 Normal Force to Blade During Cut Figure 6 Normal Force to Blade During Cut However, the actual cutting data is very complex. The data in Figure 5 and Figure 6 shows the force normal to the cutting blade as it cuts through


8506 Background: Uncontrolled evidence demonstrates that adjuvant high-dose interferon alfa-2b (HDI) benefit in high-risk melanoma patients is predicted by autoimmunity induction, and the prognosis...


I will review the most recent and interesting results from gravitational-wave detection experiments, concentrating on recent results from the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC). I will outline the methodologies utilized in the searches, explain what can be said in the case of a null result and what quantities may be constrained. I will compare these results with prior expectations and discuss their significance. As I go along I will outline the prospects for future improvements.


This paper examines the collaborative processes involved in developing the MLC Libraries intranet website and outlines helpful hints about website design, evaluation and promotion. The MLC Libraries intranet website has been designed to provide the MLC community with information resources that reflect the educational, cultural, literary and recreational needs of the college. Information resources include an online suggestion book, online teacher librarian research assistance, access to the catalogue, newspaper and magazine databases, reading lists, information literacy programs and internet search tips. MLC Libraries promote the development of information literacy and nurture an appreciation of literature in a supportive, creative and information-rich learning environment. This intranet website was created by a team of MLC teacher librarians and library staff, with technical support from a website designer and MLC computer staff. It was launched to the MLC community in March 2003. The workshop will demonstrate a virtual and visual tour of the MLC Libraries intranet website.


Design and Development of Scheme is one of the important role to increase product and service so that fulfill desire of all consumer. Problem which faced University Muhammadiyah of Malang is the creasiy of web visitor in
previously years is that about 50% because aspect of previous design. In the effort improving the number of costumer that use website facility, hence one of the may of is to perform a good facility design base on web. Change all website design scheme is needed to fulfilling requipment costumer.
Target this research is to designed and develop website design which according data using Adobe Fire Work Software that strat from Home, Interface, Link, and SubLink so that fulfill desire of user (service profider). Developing and comparing previous scheme website design with new appearance according to visitor data from service profider (University). Result of this research is a new appearance website that show increasing visitor and costumer more than 50% with new design appearance which have been developed to become a good design which can fulfill desire of consumer (service provider).


The advancements in computing and communication over networks have resulted in the use of distributed environments. The large volume of data in such environment is distributed. The monitoring and analysis of such data need Distributed Mining technologies. Metadata captures all kinds of information necessary to analyze, design, build, use and interpret the data warehouse contents. To enable the interoperability between repositories and tool integration within data warehousing architectures, a standard for metadata representation and exchange is needed. This paper shows an approach which combines the Distributed Data Mining (DDM) using Multi-Agent System (MAS) technology with the architecture of CWM (Common Warehouse Metamodel). A data mining technique of "CAKE" (Classifying, Associating & Knowledge DiscovEry) is used. The model architecture is distributed, uses knowledge- driven mining technique and flexible enough to work on any data warehouse. The problem of heterogeneity i.e., use of different RDBMS at different distributed remote sites where Data warehouse resides, has been solved by making use of CWM. Integrating the architecture of CWM with CAKE architecture is the proposed solution.


Research indicates that women are the primary victims of bullying. In order to analyze this phenomenon of violence it is considered necessary to observe it inserted in its historical context. This article aims to discuss the idea of moral harassment suffered by women considering the trajectory of women in the organized labor process in Brazil. In this study it is further understood that work can be considered as a reference for the construction of identity and thus, provide experiences of well-being or malaise according to the experiences experienced by the subject. In this sense, we sought to delineate the impacts of moral harassment on women in Brazil, based on their historical construction, through the theoretical references presented.


REPORT OF A CASE A 4-year-old boy presented with a lesion on the anterosuperior aspect of his left thigh. The lesion was noted for the first time 15 days after birth. A tender, erythematous, hyperpigmented lesion measuring 4×2 cm was seen on examination (Fig 1). A constant secretion of clear fluid originated from the surface of the lesion. A biopsy specimen showed dilated blood vessels with no extravasation of erythrocytes. In addition, a large number of eccrinelike glands with dilated (cystic) ducts was also seen (Fig 2). What is your diagnosis? Clinicians, local and regional societies, and residents and fellows in dermatology are invited to submit quiz cases to this section. Cases should follow the established pattern and be submitted double-spaced and in triplicate. Photomicrographs and illustrations must be clear and submitted as positive color transparencies. If photomicrographs are not available, the actual slide from the specimen will be acceptable.


THERMOCHEMISTRY AND BOND ENERGIES OF NITRO -ALKANES, -ALKENES, -CARBONYLS AND CORRESPONDING NITRITES by Suarwee Snitsiriwat Density functional and ab initio theory based calculations were performed on a series of nitro -alkanes, -alkenes, carbonyl and corresponding nitrites representing large-scale primary, secondary and tertiary nitro compounds and their radicals resulting from the loss of skeletal hydrogen atoms. Geometries, vibration frequencies and thermochemical properties, AfH°298, S °(T) and C°p(T) (10K T 5 5000K) are calculated at the individual B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), B3LYP /6-31+G(2d,2p) and composite CBS-QB3 levels. Potential energy barriers for the internal rotations have been computed at the B3LYP/6-3lG(d,p) level of theory and the lower barrier contributions are incorporated into entropy and heat capacity data. The standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K are evaluated using isodesmic reaction schemes with several work reactions for each species. Recommended values derived from the most stable conformers of respective nitroand nitrite isomers include: -30.6 and -28.4 kcal moi l for n-propane-, -33.9 and -32.3 kcal mol-1 1 for isopropane-, -42.8 and -41.4 kcal mol -1 for tert-butane-nitro compounds and nitrites, respectively. Entropy and heat capacity values are also reported for the lower homologues: nitromethane, nitroethane and corresponding nitrites. C—H bond energies are decreased by ~ 5 kcal moi l alpha to the nitro or nitrite groups and increased by ~ 0.5 kcal moi l beta to the nitro and nitrite groups. Recommended values for enthalpies of formation of the most stable conformers of nitroacetone, acetonitrite, nitroacetate and acetyl nitrite are -51.6 kcal mol -1, -51.26 kcal mol-1 1 , -45.4 kcal moi l and -58.2 kcal moi l , respectively. The calculated AfH°298 for nitroethylene is 7.6 kcal mol -1 and for vinyl nitrite is 7.2 kcal moi l . The carbonyl and olefin groups retain the major influence on the C-H bond energies. Radicals on carbon adjacent to a nitrite (RC.ONO) group do not exist; they dissociate to the corresponding carbonyl (RC=O + NO) with 38 kcal moi l exothermic and no apparent barrier. This results from formation of the strong carbonyl (it bond ~ 80 kcal moi l ) with dissociation of the weak RO—NO bond (-43 kcal moil). THERMOCHEMISTRY AND BOND ENERGIES OF NITRO -ALKANES, -ALKENES, -CARBONYLS AND CORRESPONDING NITRITES by Suarwee Snitsiriwat A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey — Newark January 2009 APPROVAL PAGE THERMOCHEMISTRY AND BOND ENERGIES OF NITRO -ALKANES, -ALKENES, -CARBONYLS AND CORRESPONDING NITRITES Suarwee Snitsiriwat r. Jos; ph W. Bozzelli, Thesis Advisor Date istinguished Professor of Chemistry and Environmental Science, NJIT Dr. Carol A. Venanzi, Committee Member Date Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Environmental Science, NJIT Dr. Tamara M. Gund, Committee Member Date Professor of Chemistry and Environmental Science, NJIT


Aims The Healing Little Hearts charity provides Cardiac Surgery and Critical Care for children with congenital heart disease in low and middle-income countries. We report the outcomes of the 5th mission to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods A prospective, observational study in a Malaysian teaching hospital during a one week charity mission. The visiting charity team collaborated with local adult services to provide assessment, operative intervention and postoperative care to a paediatric cohort. Results Twelve operations were undertaken for ten patients (table 1) with a median age of 3.4 years (IQR [2.3–5.8]) and weight 11.9 kg (IQR [9.1–14.5]). For those requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), median time was 107 min (IQR [92–150]) and cross-clamp (XC) time 73 min (IQR [49.2–98.5]). Abstract G31(P) Table 1 No. Age (Years) Procedure CPB (Mins) XC (Mins) Extubation Time (Hours) 1 2 VSD Closure 60 34 2 2 4.25 REV Procedure (PA-VSD) 320 226 58.08 3 6.91 AVSD Repair 92 72 2.08 4 0.02 TAPVD Repair 95 50 18.33 5 6.33 TOF Repair 150 100 0.75 6 3.08 TOF Repair 154 98 15.58 7 2 Partial PDA Occlusion 0 0 3.75 8 18.67 Redo PV Implantation 111 0 4.5 9 3 VSD Closure, PA de-banding and reconstruction 107 75 1 10 3.75 VSD and PFO Closure 71 47 1.25 Fast-track extubation was performed in 70% with no reintubations. Post-operative morbidity was low and only patient 2 returned to theatre for additional procedures: delayed sternal closure and subsequent re-exploration. Case 3 was complicated by Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia, which resolved with medical management. The team performed the institution's first redo surgery and neonatal operation. The local cardiac surgeon led his first paediatric VSD closure and Tetralogy of Fallot repair. All patients were extubated and discharged, or eligible for ICU discharge prior to conclusion of the mission. Visiting PICU staff were resident 24 hours a day. The local ICU team were supported by twice daily PICU rounds, multi-disciplinary meetings and bedside teaching for nurses and trainees. The visiting Cardiologist undertook outpatient consultations, intra-and post-operative echocardiography and ECHO teaching. A morning lecture series delivered education to local trainees on topics including cardiac output, inotropes, heart failure and the surgical management of congenital heart disease. Conclusions Healing Little Hearts provides cardiac surgical and critical care in developing countries. Short, well-planned missions can deliver quality care to a high turnover of patients with safe, early extubation and minimal morbidity, despite limited resources. Future missions will provide ongoing training and support the development of a safe, independent program capable of handling carefully selected paediatric congenital cardiac surgeries.


Confronting the puzzle in the medical development,it was brought out a new medical model of biopsychosocielawful medical model(lawful medical model).It changed with the redressal of law and statute.The objective was as follows: ① to stipulate the medical actions,perform legal duty and adjust the relationship between doctors and patients;② to countercheck ethical crisis and social conflict by the dissimilation of medical technoloy.Medical infringement lawsuit onus proof conversion was the promotive of that medical model.The fast increased doctor-patient clash was the social background of the lawful medical model.The scientific background was counterchecking the possiblity of dissimilation of medical technoloy.That medical action should fit ethic was the humanity background.The author analyzed different responsibilities for medical staff,such as obligatory burden(cure obligation),civil burden,penal burden,onus proof conversion and absolution clause from medical treatment dispute.


Background: Parasitic infection is associated with toxic effect on the human body. A micronucleus test is a test used in toxicological screening for potential genotoxic compounds. Purpose of the study was to detect the micronucleus in somatic cells of patient with giardiasis. Methods. Buccal epithelium cells with micronuclei and other violations were counted in 60 patients with giardiasis to assess toxic effects invasions on cytological status. For comparison, as a norm was accepted level of buccal epithelial cells with various abnormalities of the nucleus in 40 healthy persons without giardiasis. Results: Statistically significant increase in the incidence of micronuclei in buccal cells was observed in patients with giardiasis. This testifies to the genotoxic effect of giardiasis invasion on the human body. Conclusion: The changes in buccal cells in patients with giardiasis possibility of studying cytogenetic status is associated with toxic effects giardia invasion on the human body. Keywords: giardiasis, toxic effect, micronucleus test.


Corrugated pipe with a circumferential wall, the 'extend and with corrugations, which are provided with troughs, undulations and wave crests, the wave troughs the free cross section (12 at least partially over a non-circular free cable cross-section (12)' form), which over the circumference of the corrugated tube the wall is different in thickness, characterized in that the corrugations or Wellungsflanken (24, 30) over the circumference of the corrugated tube (10, 20) at a first corrugation portion (14a) are highly trained, where the radius of the free line cross-section (12 ') is large and tends to infinity, and the corrugations or Wellungsflanken (24, 30) over the circumference of the corrugated tube (10, 20) at a second corrugation portion (14b) are formed low, where the radius of the free line cross-section (12 ') is low.


Taking Jiaozuo tourism as a breakthrough,industry transformation and urban transformation as linkage,it achieved the transformation from"black impression" to"green theme" successfully.The old coal city turned into China excellent tourism city,known as"Jiaozuo Phenomenon", which had the important research value.This papermade quantitative analysis on tourism developmentin Jiaozuo firstly,and then summed up the successful experiences of"Jiaozuo Phenomenon",put forward suggestions of promoting tourism sustainable development in Jiaozuo finally.In the hope of providing useful reference for transformation development of similar resource-based cities,this paper provided scientific basis for implementation of "the state council on some opinions of promoting the sustainable development of resource-based cities" further.


What's in this paper? In this paper I shall first question the relevance and appropriateness of the assumptions underlying the proposed theme of the debate. In doing so I shall argue for a broadening of our frameworks of thinking regarding the two key concepts mentioned in the title of the debate: "pedagogy" and "technology." I shall also question the inherent assumption that pedagogies stem from technologies and argue for an approach that looks at technology, not as an autonomously developing phenomenon, but as an evolving aspect of the human condition. Over and above these issues, I argue that the more important question to be asked is: "What does it mean to be learning in the 21 st century." The answers to the latter question should lead our thinking about how learning is to be promoted and facilitated, a context in which technology appears as an enabling factor. Considering the nature of the emerging technologies – particularly their ability to allow for interaction, sharing and collaboration – the contribution of technology to reshaping the learning landscape is potentially significant. However, to reach this significant impact, it is necessary to quit current frequent practice to replicate outdated pedagogical models with new technological means. Instead, one must start rethinking the world of learning from scratch, inspired by knowledge about current imperatives regarding human and social development, informed by what is now known about how humans learn (including the neurophysiological basis of that process), and having in mind the full range of technological options available to the world (not just the emerging technologies). The question of pedagogy (or who's responsible for whose learning?)


Various herbal species were screened for their antimicrobial activities by employing preliminary (qualitative) antimicrobial tests. Methanolic extraction procedure was followed for extracting the active substances from herbs. Antimicrobial efficacy was assayed by AATCC (agar diffusion and parallel streak) method and Hohenstein modified challenge test. The neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), prickly chaff flower (Achyrallthus aspera), tulsi leaves (Ocimum basilicum) and pomegranate rind (Pullica granatum) were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Neem ranked first followed by pomegranate and prickly chaff flower. Despite the negative results of tulsi in the qualitative tests, i t showed 73% bacterial reduction in the quantitative challenge test. The treated fabric samples exhibited resistance to degradabi lity as tested by digging soil test.


To date, many civil space missions have relied on the unique nature of space mission data systems to prevent unauthorised access to ground and space assets. However, within the relatively open environment created by the use of space data system standards, it is now essential that the security requirements for space missions are given priority. Specific security measures will be required within the space mission data system to counter specific threats from a wide range of sources. This has always been the case for military space missions, but as civil space systems start to play a role within safety-of-life applications such as air traffic control, the requirements for security are becoming increasingly important. Also, many civil missions now have important commercial interests which require protection. Work has commenced within the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) to develop an approach for applying security to CCSDS protocols. This paper introduces the different security threats and requirements that should be considered for the various space mission types as well as the technical approaches and mechanisms that can be used to counter specific threats. In the concert of space mission operations, encryption, authentication and data integrity mechanisms are reviewed. This examination is carried out with reference to the security architecture that has been developed by ISO and is used to present a potential CCSDS Security Architecture. (5 pages)


In order to validate the proposed approach, a simulation study has been performed. We compared the (i) proposed method with α = 0.1, c = 5 and m = 1.5 (tagged FTCR throughout) with (ii) the proposed method without trimming and constraints, that is, α = 0, c = 10 and m = 1.5 (tagged CEM throughout); (iii) the c-regression model of Hathaway and Bezdek (1993) (tagged cReg) and (iv) the alternative switching regression model of Kuo-Lung et al. (2009), tagged A-cReg throughout. Two of these procedures (CEM and cReg) are not designed to resist to contamination, while A-cReg and FTCR are formally robust. We generated data based on k =2 and 3 linear clusters and p = 1, 2 and 4 covariates. For each setting we have four possible contamination schemes: (i)


Abstract : Tests are routinely conducted to evaluate the survivability, under simulated battlefield conditions, of buried military structures subjected to high-explosive loadings. The survivability assessments require the measurement of dynamic normal stresses induced at soil/structure interfaces. Stresses in excess of 10,000 psi and accelerations greater than 100,000 g's may be applied at interface locations. Normal-incidence interface stress gages currently used in such tests are incapable of accurately measuring stresses above 5,000 psi, and are sensitive to lateral accelerations and structure-transmitted stresses which distort the measurement. This study explores the design, development, and testing of a miniature, column-based, interface (MCBI) stress gage. The MCBI gage is designed to measure normal stresses up to 35,000 psi. Laboratory tests indicate that the gage produces a linear output due to applied pressure and is virtually insensitive to lateral stresses. Explosive tests have shown the MCBI gage compares favorably to commonly-used interface stress gages at stresses up to 3,000 psi and is survivable at stresses up to 25,000 psi.


might wonder how long it will take for the supposed planner-cum-auctioneer's 'trial and error' farce to converge on a systemic equilibrium (particularly when we posit changes in the supposedly underlying conditions of tastes, technology, etc). Again, Knight would agree, and then explain why Hayek's objections cut with equivalent relevance—and irrelevance—against the Walrasian auctioneer posited and beloved by pure theory (or the contemporary Hayekian argument that entrepreneurship coordinates the economy). As Knight would say, the passage of time—introducing time allows genuine choice, indeterminacy, and all manner of historical changes to rear their patently thorny head to the chagrin of pure theory (e.g., Knight's objections to Hayekian capital theory)—invoked by our imaginary Hayekian cuts both ways. Any tendency to equilibrium is questionable once we introduce uncertainty. Accordingly, 'socialism' per se is feasible in theory, feasible within the confines inherent to an economic model, and thus feasible in a markedly irrelevant conception of 'feasibility.' As Knight puts it in his review of Lange and Taylor's 'market socialism,' economic ''analysis is essential but purely preliminary and negative in significance'' (1939, p. 600). Is it any wonder that Hayek and Knight would take markedly differing stances when it came to evaluating the possibility of socialist calculation in 'theory' and yet stand shoulder to shoulder when it came to objecting to any real-world proposals for anything akin to full-blown command planning? All things considered, Emmett's splendid volume is a must-read for anyone interested in Knight, the development of 1930s and 1940s economics, the Chicago School (vintage and modern), and the history of ideas.


This work considers the problem of transmitting multiple compressible sources over a network with minimum cost. The problem is complicated by the fact that the description of the feasible rate region of distributed source coding problems typically has a number of constraints that is exponential in the number of sources that renders general purpose solvers inefficient. We present a framework in which these problems can be solved efficiently by exploiting the structure of the feasible rate regions coupled with dual decomposition and subgradient methods.


There are continuing efforts to develop type-II superlattice (SL) materials for very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) detector applications. However, the SLs have high residual electron background doping densities that depend on SL growth conditions, which lead to shorter minority carrier lifetime and lower performance parameters than theoretically predicted. In this study, the authors compare the technical advantages of using InAs/GaInSb over InAs/GaSb SL with respect to reducing the electron doping levels. Our temperature-dependent electrical transport measurements show that the InAs/GaInSb SL design has a lower electron density than the InAs/GaSb SL with the same bandgap and have electron densities (mobilities) on the order of the mid 1011 cm−2 (25 000 cm2/V s). Since small period InAs/GaInSb SLs also produce greater Auger recombination suppression for a given VLWIR gap than the large period InAs/GaSb SL, the InAs/GaInSb SL appears to be a better candidate for long lifetime IR materials for future very long wavelength infrared devices.There are continuing efforts to develop type-II superlattice (SL) materials for very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) detector applications. However, the SLs have high residual electron background doping densities that depend on SL growth conditions, which lead to shorter minority carrier lifetime and lower performance parameters than theoretically predicted. In this study, the authors compare the technical advantages of using InAs/GaInSb over InAs/GaSb SL with respect to reducing the electron doping levels. Our temperature-dependent electrical transport measurements show that the InAs/GaInSb SL design has a lower electron density than the InAs/GaSb SL with the same bandgap and have electron densities (mobilities) on the order of the mid 1011 cm−2 (25 000 cm2/V s). Since small period InAs/GaInSb SLs also produce greater Auger recombination suppression for a given VLWIR gap than the large period InAs/GaSb SL, the InAs/GaInSb SL appears to be a better candidate for long lifetime IR materials for future very...


The relations between Zn and Pb in hair of children were studied.The results showed that (1)The relations between the content of Zn and Pb in hair were negative(P0.001).(2)The content of Zn and Pb in hair was(97.54±28.19)×10 -6 and(15.22±5.02)×10 -6 .There was no difference between boys and girls in Zn and Pb in hair.


W e discuss possible distortions ofthe ionization history ofthe Universe in the m odelwith sm allscale baryonic clouds.The corresponding scales ofthe clouds are m uch sm allerthan the typicalgalactic m assscales.These cloudsare considered in a fram ework ofthe cosm ologicalm odelwith the isocurvature and adiabatic perturbations.In this m odelthe baryonic clouds do not in uence on the cosm ic m icrowave background anisotropy form ation directly as an additionalsourcesofperturbations, butdue to change ofthe kineticsofthe hydrogen recom bination .W e also study the corresponding distortionsoftheanisotropy and polarization powerspectra in connection with the launched M AP and future PLANCK m issions.


The time-domain response of coupled multiconductor Systems can be calculated, under the assumption of purely transversalelectromagnetic fields, by a linear superposition of the eigenwaves of the System. Each eigenwave represents a wave-group which travels along the System with an individual propagation velocity and carries a currentand a voltagewave on each conductor. Pro¬ pagation velocity and eigenwaves are direct functions of the eigenvalues, resp. eigenvectors of the System matrix. The System matrix can be computed from the distributed inductances and capacitances which characterize the multiconductor System. The currentand voltagewaves of the saue wave-group are coupled by the wave-impedance matrix. Every discontinuity of the System modifies the waveforms. Mikusinski's operational calculus is used to describe the reflexion and transmission matrices. This allows to express the transient behaviour of a multiconductor System as a matrix series with the delay Operator as a variable. Beyond this description in terms of eigenwaves, a coupled multiconductor System can be described, thanks to an adequate transformation of its voltage and current variables, as a System of uncoupled transmission lines. Every Single transmission line has its own propagation velocity and characteristic impedance. Computations are given for the general case of arbitrary multiconductor Systems. A special case occurs, if not only the multiconductor System, but also the termination impedance networks yield to Separation. In this case, the complete multiconductor System including the terminations can be represented by uncoupled transmission lines. The existence of all Solutions is proven by theorems. Beyond the Solution involving matrix series with the delay Operator as a variable, closed form Operator transfer functions for the multiconductor Systems are derived, thus permitting the computation of Output voltages for arbitrary input voltages.


PURPOSE
This paper aims to explore prisoner dental health in Haryana, India.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH
The authors assessed the prevalence of dental caries and the treatment needs of prisoners in all 19 prisons in Haryana. The results were compared with the prison populations of other countries and the general population of Haryana.

FINDINGS
The mean age of 1,393 subjects examined was 35.26±12.29 years. A large number of the subjects reported to be in need of dental treatment. The number of decayed teeth was found to be similar to the general population of Haryana but the number of filled teeth was quite low. The number of teeth missing and the need for tooth extraction was high. Social implications - Long-standing prisoner dental problems indicated a need for dental treatment in prisons.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE
This is the first study of its kind covering all 19 prisons in Haryana, India. The results indicate that the government needs to further consider and address the oral health needs of prisoners.


The issue of a draft National Policy Planning Framework (NPPF) in the dog days of late July was interpreted as a subversive manoeuvre by the coalition government. Whether or not the intention was to lose the consultation period in the summer holiday recess, the government has found itself on the receiving end of voluble and sustained public criticism of the proposed legislation. An attempt to reduce thousands of pages of planning guidance to just 60 meant that many of the environmental and social objectives which have tempered and arguably improved development in the last 15 years are to be swept aside in the promotion of economic growth. Planning Minister Greg Clarke has countered criticisms led by the Daily Telegraph and the National Trust that the NPPF means an abandonment of green fields to uncoordinated house-building, and the undoing of town centres by new out-oftown retail parks. Certainly, erstwhile prioritisation of the development of brownfield was absent from the draft document, and whilst a sequential test to planning approval for new retail means that town centre sites must be considered first, there is nothing to prevent retailers' rejecting them as unviable on their own terms. Clarke challenges the claim that development will henceforth be unchecked by highlighting that the principle of plan-based growth will be upheld through adopted Local Plans. Most welcome are the proposals for community-led plans – the Neighbourhood Plan and accompanying Neighbourhood Development Order. These potentially afford unprecedented opportunity for locally generated amenity proposals to enjoy protected status in the local planning system, and to determine a high order of detail for proposals that align to the Local Plan. Questions remain as to how these plans will be drawn up and voted upon as genuinely representative of local interest. The Prince's Foundation is working with communities in different parts of the country developing the framework for Neighbourhood Plans to emerge, in an initiative funded by the Department for Communities and Local Government. Our help takes the form of collaborative planning workshops on the ground in a broad range of different neighbourhood types, from small country villages to inner-city high-rise estates. The NPPF stresses that Neighbourhood Plans must conform to Local Plans, which in turn must support the principle of sustainable development at the heart of planning reform. This means Neighbourhood Plan legislation cannot be a Nimby's Charter; by contrast, an anticipated uplift in housing delivery is at the heart of the government's proposals. One thing is certain: big business is gearing up to press for proposals which local authorities will have to permit unless they can demonstrate clear deleterious impacts on environment, landscape or heritage. The job of urbanists just got very much harder in the UK. History suggests the proposed overturn of planning controls means the default of development patterns to the standards of the early 1980s, with "executive" housing estates and big-box retail on the ring road.


Objective
To investigate the value and nursing of persistent balloon dilatation for anastomotic stricture after choledochojejunostomy.

Methods
The clinical data of 14 cases of anastomotic strictures after choledochojejunostomy accepted the treatment of persistent balloon dilatation were analyzed retrospectively. The effect, adverse reactions and approriate nursing were evaluated.

Results
Five patients were performed with persistent balloon dilatation thorough the output loop of intestine after choledochojejunostomy and 9 patients through percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. There was no hemobilia, bile leak or other serious complications. There were 2 cases of balloon dilatation catheter damage, 5 cases of pressure pump damage and 4 cases of balloon migration with 25.0% (7/28) instrument damage rate and 4 cases of balloon migration. After persistent balloon dilation for 6 to 8 months, no anastomotic stricture was found by choledochoscopic examination. Follow up for 6 to 18 months, 2 cases had recurrent anastomotic stricture.

Conclusions
Persistent balloon dilatation by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a simple, safe and effective method for anastomotic stricture after choledochojejunostomy. In the course of nursing, the balloon catheter and pressure pump damage, and balloon migration should be noted.

Key words:
Nursing care; Anastomotic stricture; Choledochojejunostomy; Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography; Balloon dilatation catheter


It is time to stop thinking of genetic medicine as only applicable to a small set of rare diseases affecting a limited cohort of patients. Although individual genetic diagnoses are rare, their aggregate effect on human health is not. An estimated 8% of AUTHOR DISCLOSURE Drs Kim and Bodurtha have disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this article. This commentary does contain a discussion of an unapproved/ investigative use of a commercial product/ device.


Pass transistor logic and complementary pass-transistor logic (CPL) are becoming increasingly important in the design of a specific class of digital integrated circuits owing to their speed and power efficiency as compared with conventional CMOS logic. In this paper, a simple and very accurate technique for the timing analysis of gates that involve pass transistor logic is presented. This investigation offers for the first time the possibility of simulating pass transistor and CPL gates by partitioning the behaviour of complex structures into well defined subcircuits whose interaction is studied separately. Using the proposed analysis, which is validated by results for two submicron technologies, most pass-transistor logic styles can be modelled efficiently. Consequently, a significant speed advantage can be gained compared with simulation tools that employ numerical methods such as SPICE.


Objective To investigate the indication and clinical application of lateral cervical incision to the removal of the cervical esophageal foreign body.Methods The clinical data of 25 patients suffering from esophageal foreign body and treated with lateral cervical incision from Jan 2001 to March 2011 was analyzed retrospectively.In these 25 cases,21 had esophageal perforation(with cervical abscess in 18 and without abscess in 3).Four cases with impacted foreign body had no esophageal perforation.Results All 25 cases were cured through lateral cervical incision.Three cases had postoperative hoarseness and among them two got completely recovered within 6 months.Two cases with tracheotomy were decannulated during hospitalization.Conclusion Lateral cervical incision should be indicated in the management if cervical esophageal foreign body with esophageal perforation and cervical abscess,penetrating foreign body without cervical abscess,or some impacted foreign body without esophageal perforation.


The self-noise in cavity is tested in the circling tank,prediction method of cavity's self-noise induced by turbulent boundary layer is established.The window's vibration is using the simply supported boundary condition,the sound wave in the cavity is expanded using the rigid wall boundary condition,the modal coupling vibration equation between them is established using the radiation boundary condition.The turbulent boundary layer pulsating pressure is random,the self-noise power spectrum in the cavity is solved.Test of self-noise and turbulent pressure is carried out in the circling tank when the flow velocity is 5 m/s and 8 m/s,the result verifies that the theoretical method can predict the real cavity's hydrodynamic noise approximately,the trends are similar,this provides one analytical method for sonar dome's material selection and noise control.


Research has examined the control of premixed turbulent reacting flows using a novel countercurrent flowfield. Studies have shown that countercurrent shear layers can be used t o successfully control the formation of coherent structures and in the process provide proportional authority of entrainment and mixing. The nature in which counterflow might be employed to control turbulent burning velocity has been examined in a countercurrent-swirl combustor (CSC). The goal is to increase volumetric heat release and turndown by exploiting the mixing enhancement characteristics and high turbulent Reynolds numbers of countercurrent shear layers.


Two glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants were investigated. G6PD Amman‐1 was partially purified from the red cells of a patient suffering from recurrent jaundice and spontaneous episodic attacks of severe hemolysis in the absence of oxidant drugs, infection, or fava beans. The enzymatic characteristics of G6PD Amman‐I were markedly reduced activity, fast eletrophoretic mobility, slightly increased km for NADP, normal km for G‐6‐P, normal heat stability, normal utilization of substrate analogues 2‐deoxy G‐6‐P and deamino‐NADP, and a monophasic pH curve with a peak at 8.5 to 9.3. The second variant, G6PD Amman‐2, was partially purified from the red cells of a patient suffering from recurrent jaundice with episodic mild hemolysis caused by infection or unknown factors. G6PD Amman‐2 characteristics were severely reduced activity, slow electrophoretic mobility, normal km for NADP, decreased km for G‐6‐P, decreased heat stability, increased utilization of substrate analogues, and a monophasic pH curve with a narrow peak at pH 9.5. The red cell level of reduced glutathione was markedly decreased with twofold increase in the activity of glutathione reductase in the patient with G6PD Amman‐2.


Recently, many quantitative or qualitative techniques have been developed to support human resource management (HRM) activities, including Human Resource Information System (HRIS). More importantly, HRIS can include Expert System (ES), Decision Support System (DSS), and Executive Information System (EIS). As DSS and Group Support System (GSS) are able to facilitate human resources (HR) groups to gauge users' opinions, readiness, satisfaction, etc., increase their HRM activity quality, and generate better group collaborations and decision makings with current or planned HRIS services. Consequently, GSS can help HR professionals exploit and make smart use of soft data and act intelligently in their decision making process. This paper presents an in-depth discussion on what GSS is and how it works, which may shed some enlightenments to HR professionals on what grounds GSS can be integrated as part of HRIS and support HRM.


This study presents a rapid screening method for health monitoring of building structures based on earthquake records. Compared with conventional damage detection techniques, the rapid screening system with few sensors is more attractive and cost-effective in assessing the global behaviors of a building structure. Only two tri-axial accelerometers are required for a building. One is mounted at the ground level, and another one is mounted at the top floor. First, the relative displacement of top floor to ground is calculated by on-line integration. Then, the diagram of absolute acceleration versus relative displacement of top floor is used to determine the pseudo stiffness of the whole building by linear regression. The decrease of pseudo stiffness denotes the occurrence and degree of damage in the building. A novel real-time damage technique is also proposed to detect nonlinear behavior of a building. A five-story shear-type building under earthquake excitations was illustrated for sensitivity analysis of pseudo stiffness considering different damage cases. Shaking-table-test data of a three-story benchmark building were used to verify the accuracy of the proposed damage assessment technique. In addition, the proposed method was also applied to evaluate a new eight-story residential building equipped with accelerometers in Taipei, Taiwan. Finally, the acceleration response records of a real building, which experienced moderate damages caused by the main shock of 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake (ML = 7.3), were considered to examine the applicability of the proposed method to generate a real-time damage indicator for a building with nonlinear behavior. All of the results show that the proposed method is reliable and effective for rapid diagnosis of building health.


Objective:To summarize the treatment results of new odontoid fractures and evaluate three treatment options for new odontoid fractures according to different fracture types.Method:All 54 cases with new odontoid fractures were admitted to our hospital from Jan 2000 to Dec 2007.According to Grauer modified Anderson-D′Alonzo′s typing:7 cases with type ⅡA,23 cases with type ⅡB,8 cases with type ⅡC,16 cases with type Ⅲ.4 cases with cervical cord injuries(3 ⅡB,1 ⅡC) .The type ⅡA cases,2 type ⅡB cases incorporated with adjacent vertebrae fracture,6 type ⅡC cases and type Ⅲ cases were managed with Halo-vest.16 type ⅡB cases were treated with odontiod screw fixation.5 type ⅡB cases with severe fracture displacement and 2 type ⅡC cases were managed with posterior atlantoaxial screw-plate fusion.All cases were followed up over 24 weeks,the lateral and open mouth radiograph and CT scan of cervical vertebra were performed for viewing the union of the fractures.Result:Of 31 cases with Halo-vast treatment,30 cases showed union of fracture at 12 weeks,but 4 cases with primitive anterior displacement of fractures had malunion because of re-displacement after installation of the fixtor.1 cases with type ⅡC underwent posterior atlantoaxial screwplate fusion after 2 weeks because the fracture displaced anteriorly.Among 16 type ⅡB cases treated with anterior odontiod screw fixation,there were 3 cases developed nonunion at 24 weeks.7 cases with posterior atlantoaxial screw-plate fusion obtained bony fusion at 12 weeks.4 cases with spinal cord injuries had recovery of neurological function to some extent.Conclusion:Halo-vest is suitable to type ⅡA,non-displaced ⅡC and Ⅲ odontoid fractures,but the strength is not enough for fixation of the fractures with primitive anterior displacement.Reducible type ⅡB fracture can be treated successfully by anterior odontoid screw fixation.However,posterior atlantoaxial screw-plate fusion is better choice for type ⅡB comminuted fractures with severe displacement.


Gastric lymphoid hyperplasia or pseudolymphoma of the stomach has been described as a benign pathologic entity which may clinically simulate various malignant tumors and has been misinterpreted histologically as lymphosarcoma (3, 4, 8). The alleged inclusion of some cases of pseudolymphoma in reported series of gastrointestinal malignant lymphoma has been implicated in high cure rates (3, 8). The etiology of pseudolymphoma is controversial, but many believe it to be a manifestation of a chronic inflammatory process (2–4, 7, 8). Others have postulated a hamartomatous origin (5). This report describes the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features in 15 cases of pseudolymphoma of the stomach recorded in the files of the Division of Surgical Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., from 1948 to 1963 (11 from Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, and 4 in consultation), in which preoperative gastrointestinal roentgenographic studies were performed. The material forms part of a clinicopa...


[Objective] This study aimed to observe the embryonic development of the F1 hybrid between Ryukin(♀) and Dragon-eye(♂).[Method] Embryonic development of the F1 hybrid and parents between Ryukin(♀) and Dragon-eye(♂) was observed with XTL-2400 anatomical lens continuously.The organ characteristics and structures at each development stage were observed with OLYMPUS CKX41 microscopes,and photographed and recorded with a digital camera.[Result] At a water temperature of 25 ℃,the hatching time of the F1 hybrid is 51.30 h,the hatching time of Ryukin embryo is 52.40 h and that of Dragon-eye embryo is 56.30 h.[Conclusion] This study provides certain theoretical and practical basis for improving morphological characteristics of the existing Dragon-eye goldfish.


The warehouse location problem is so important in supply chains management. In concerns with optimize the assignment of warehouses in order to minimize the total costs related to transportation and service costs. In this paper, a mathematical model for the multi-commodity single-stage capacitated warehouse location problem is presented. A bat algorithm is developed for solving the problem and an illustrative example is presented to show its implementation. The computational results is done on a large sized problem to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.


Condition assessment of MV switchboards requires effective, but not expensive, solutions to become a common practice. On the other hand, failure of a switchboard component can cause cascade effects and outage of other apparatus, in addition to significant economic losses due, e.g., to lack of energy availability. A major property to evaluate switchboard health and reliability is partial discharges, being a direct cause of failure of organic insulation systems. A new type of partial discharge sensoring is presented in this paper, which relies upon capacitive divider embedded in switchboard bushings. Testing the embedded bushing sensor in factory on switchboards, in presence of defective components as cable terminations and bushings, it is shown that the bushing sensor is able to provide good sensitivity, compared to other sensors, as well as good capability to locate the cabinet and identify the type of source generating partial discharges.


* Abbreviations:
 AD — : atopic dermatitis
 FENO — : fractional exhaled nitric oxide

Striking racial and ethnic disparities in childhood health conditions, such as prematurity, obesity, and asthma, have persisted despite decades of research focused on reducing these disparities. Although major advances in the treatment of chronic health conditions are difficult to achieve, an understanding of the underlying biology of disease has led to breakthroughs in the treatment of common childhood diseases such as asthma. It is notable, however, that despite the successes of biology-focused research, racial and ethnic disparities persist across many pediatric health conditions, suggesting that an exclusive focus on biology is a failed strategy for reducing these disparities. To make meaningful progress in improving minority health and disparities, the biomedical framework of health sciences must be recast so that it explicitly incorporates social context,1 which includes factors such as socioeconomic status, environmental exposures, access to high quality health care, and racism. Because the pediatric field has long understood that contextual factors have profound effects on health, it is best positioned to lead this recasting of health disparities research.

Much health disparities research has been misguided in its framing of race and ethnicity as biological concepts, when socioeconomic and other contextual factors dwarf potential effects of innate biology.2–4 We have relied on a framework of biomedical research that tends to be uninterested in context and, instead, obsessed with using the latest technology to measure more easily quantifiable biological characteristics, which may not underpin differences in the expression of disease among populations. In addition, observed associations between biological measures and disease among racial or ethnic minority …

Address correspondence to Elizabeth C. Matsui, MD, MHS, Departments of Population Health and Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1701 Trinity St, Austin, TX 78712. E-mail: ematsui{at}utexas.edu


Welcome to ACM SIGMOD Record's series of interviews with distinguished members of the database community. I'm Marianne Winslett, and today we're in Phoenix, site of the 2012 SIGMOD and PODS conferences. I have here with me Rick Snodgrass, who is a professor of computer science at the University of Arizona. Rick has served as the Editor-in-Chief of ACM Transactions on Database Systems, the chair of ACM SIGMOD, the ACM Pubs Board and the ACM History Committee. He has received the SIGMOD Outstanding Contributions Award and ACM Outstanding Contribution Award and he's an ACM Fellow. Rick's PhD is from Carnegie-Mellon University.


Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) systems fit out an incomparable chance for fulfilling the increasing data rate demands on Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks. Beamspace with metal plate lens antenna array is a rising technique at mmWave massive MIMO systems in 5G for reducing the RF chains without the performance loss. Yet to manage the capacity of every beam should have perfect Channel State Information (CSI) in low RF chains condition. To overcome this limitation in this paper we propose a Regular Scanning Support Detection (RSSD) based channel estimation scheme. Especially we propose the use of a voltage doubler and a metal plate lens antenna where globose wavefront is reformed into plane wavefront but output wavefront is speeded up by material of lens which increases the spectral efficiency of the system. In the estimation of channel component we first estimate the support with the fading effect and then removed it from total channel estimation problem. Simulation results displays the satisfying accuracy of the proposed RSSD based channel estimation.


Objective              :               To  assess  the  prevalence  and  risk  factors  of  age-related  macular  degeneration  (AMD)  and  to  assess  the  sensitivity  and  specificity  of  AMD  screening  tests(Amsler  grid,  Low  contrast  Amsler  grid  and  reading  test). Setting                   :               Department  of  Ophthalmology,  Sawanpracharak  Hospital,  Nakhon  Sawan. Design                   :               Prospective  Descriptive  Research Subjects                :               All  patients  50  years  of  age  or  older  who  were  presented  at  Ophthalmology  Out-Patient  Unit  and  agreed  to  participate  in  the  research between  March  3 rd ,  2008  to  March  8 th ,2008. Method                  :               Patients  underwent  interview,  screening  test,  and  clinical  examination.  The following  demographic  data  were  recorded  in  AMD  questionnaire:  age,  sex,  and  underlying  disease.  Each  patient  was  screened  with  different  screening  methods:  Amsler  grid,  Low  contrast  Amsler  grid  or  reading  test.  All  patient  visual  acuity  acuity  and  fundus  were  examined.  Screening  results,  visual  acuity  and  fundoscopic  examination  results  are  also  recorded  in  AMD  questionnaires.  The  data  were  analyzed  using  t-test,  Fisher's  Exact  test,  ANOVA  and  Chi-  square  test  with  statistical  significance  at  P  80,  6.7%.  50.0%  of  patients  were  blind  and  50.0-83.3%  had  low  vision.  No  statistic  significance  in  sex,  age,  history  of  hypertension  and  history  of  previous  cataract  surgery  between  AMD  patients  and  none  AMD  patients.  The  sensitivity  of  Amsler  grid  cannot  be  assessed  but  the  specificity  was  72.9%.  In  Low  contrast  Amsler  grid  the  sensitivity  was  50.0%  and  the  specificity  was  78.2%.  In  reading  test  the  sensitivity  cannot  be  assessed  but  the  specificity  was  46.0%. Conclusion           :               The  prevalence  of  AMD  was  not  different  from  other  studies  in  Asian country;  however,  lowever,  lower  than  developed  country.  At  Sawanpracharak  hospital,  the  prevalence  was  1.2%  and  the  highest  prevalence  was  in  patients  older  than  eighty  years  old.  Patients  with  high  blood  pressure  and  previous  history  of  cataract  surgery  might  be  at  greater  risk  of  AMD.  Most  patients  presented  with  late  AMD  with  either  blind  or  low  vision.  Amsler  grid  and  low  contrast  Amsler  grid  helped  detect  the  abnormality  of  macular  disease  though  the  sensitivity  and  specificity  cannot  be  assessed  due  to  limited  numbers  of  samples.  Key  words          :               Age-Related  Macular  degeneration,  prevalence,  risk  factor,  screening  test


Xiao Jin Wan (XJW) is a well-known traditional Chinese folk-medicine, which is commonly used for the treatment of various types of diseases including cancers. However, the mechanism of the anticancer activity of XJW against U-2OS human osteosarcoma cells, have not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the cellular effects of the XJW on the U-2OS human osteosarcoma cell line. Our results showed that XJW induced cell morphological changes, reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle suggesting that XJW inhibited the proliferation of U-2OS cells. Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining exhibited the typical nuclear features of apoptosis and increased the proportion of apoptotic Annexin V-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. In addition, XJW treatment caused loss of plasma membrane asymmetry, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and increase of the ratio of pro-apoptotic Bax to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Taken together, the results indicate that the U-2OS cell growth inhibitory activity of XJW was due to cell cycle arrested and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, which may partly explain the anticancer activity of Xiao Jin Wan.


The concentration of suspended solid (SS) was confirmed as the main pollutants in wastewater from the tunnel construction processing through wastewater source and water quality in the tunnel construction processing being analyzed. The rapid wastewater treatment device was designed which combined with rotational flow sedimentation tank and flocculation reaction pool that the cement was used as flocculants. The results showed at the preliminary test that the removal efficiency of SS was above 94%. The effluent can meet the wastewater discharge standard. It was the fact that the treatment method was fast and convenient processing.


THE First International Malaria Congress w-as hield in the E]xhibition Palace at Rome from October 3rd to 6tlh last. The delegates representing i-ariouts Goverin-imenits and societies were officially welcomed by Seniator Cremiionesi in thle niame H.M. the King of Italy, and the Conigress was forimally opened by H.E. Benito Mussolinii, the Pr illme Miniister, on October 4th. At the first meeting the French delegate, Pr ofessor Marelioux of Paris, presided at the beginninig, later givinlg place to Colonel James, the delegate froim Great Britaini.


properties of soil on the incidence and infestation of plant-parasitic nematodes on Pepper, Capsicum spp from two local government areas (LGAs) of Niger State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty soil and plant root samples were randomly collected from pepper fields and examined. Results showed that six genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were recorded. The most frequently observed and widely distributed nematode species were Helicotylenchus multicinctum followed by Meloidogyne spp. and Scutellonema bradys with frequencies of occurrence of 48.2, 34.8 and 12.6 % respectively. Highest nematodes population density of 405 in 100 ml soil was recorded from Maje followed by Annaba with 205, both in Magama LGA, while the lowest nematodes of 20 in 100ml soil were recorded from Nagwamatse in Kontagora LGA. Correlation analysis revealed a weak relationship between soil physico-chemical properties and nematode population density with maximum value of r = 0.38. The results also showed that apart from the direct influence of the host plant, soil properties play an important role in the distribution, abundance, and structure of plant parasitic nematode communities. This demonstrates the potential of nematodes as bio-indicator organisms of soil health.


The significance of Volleyball activities not only lies in playing games, but is involved increasingly in social culture. The purpose of investigating the social and cultural significance of Volleyball activities is to understand its concept deeply, and excavate its value for the society and its cultural significance for the development of human.


The effects of N‐linked oligosaccharide processing inhibitors on oligodendroglial differentiation were examined in cultures of embryonic rat brain cells. The glucosidase inhibitors, 1‐deoxynojirimycin (dNM) and castanospermine, were found to have marked inhibitory effects on the developmental expression of oligodendroglial properties, i.e., sulfogalactolipid synthesis and 2′3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphohydrolase (CNP). On the other hand, the mannosidase inhibitors, 1‐deoxymannojirimycin (dMM) and swainsonine, had relatively little effects. Since both classes of inhibitors block the formation of complex‐type oligosaccharide chains as revealed by concanavalin A‐Sepharose affinity chromatography of the glycopeptides, complex oligosaccharides oligosaccharides do not seem to play a role in oligodendroglial differentiation. The results indicate instead that the early trimming reactions involving the removal of glucose residues by processing glucosidases may be critical for the functioning of specific glycoprotein(s) essential to oligodendroglial differentiation.


This volume contains the joint post-proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Program Equivalence and Relational Reasoning (PERR) and the 6th Workshop on Horn Clauses for Verification and Synthesis (HCVS), which took place in Prague, Czech Republic on 6th and 7th April, respectively, as affiliated workshops of ETAPS.


The hardware and software interface between TMS320F28335 McBSP and ADS7863 was designed for the realization of multi-signal communication between DSP and serial A/D converter.In this design,the A/D converter is directly connected to the serial port McBSP without occupying DSP′s parallel data bus.The solution avoids the bus impact.By programming and debugging under CCS environment,the satisfied experimental result is achieved,and the correctness of the interface design is verified.


ABSTRACT The extent interline of evaporating region is analyzed for polar liquid film, with the disjoining pressure expressed by Pd = B ln(t) + A. An average effective evaporation is defined for this region and expressed as a simple equation. The results of analysis show that the average effective evaporation rate varies with the relative vapor pressure and so does the length of the interline evaporating region. The increase in relative vapor pressure will make the evaporation from the wetting film more significant.


Tool wear is a major contributor to machining errors of a workpiece. Tool wear prediction is an effective way to estimate the wear loss in precision machining. In this study, all kinds of machining conditions are treated as the input variables, the wear loss of the tool is treated as the output variable, and Projection Pursuit Regression (PPR) algorithm is proposed to mapping the tool wear loss. Finally, a real-time prediction device is presented based on the proposed PPR algorithm, and the prediction and measurement results are found to be in satisfied agreement with average error lower than 5%.


An enzyme electrode was constructed using cassava leaf β-glucosidase immobilized in ENT-4000, a photocrosslinkable prepolymer resin. The enzyme electrode response was Nernstian at pH 9.5 for a linamarin range of 10 -2 to 10 -4 M. The potentiometeric reading reached a steady-state level after 6 min with a sample volume of 100 μl. The enzyme films could be reused after removal of the substrate and the products formed. Enzyme films have been kept in buffer at 4 o C without any significant loss of enzyme activity for up to 2 years


The following abundances (atoms per 106 Si atoms) were measured by neutron activation analysis in three carbonaceous chondrites of types I, II, III, and one enstatite chondrite of type I. Se: 53, 15.2, 6.4; Te: 6.9, 3.2, 1.67, 4.1; In: 0.26, 0.094, 0.049, and 0.19. This abundance pattern supports the view that chondrites are a blend of two types of material: a high-temperature fraction (chondrules plus metal) from which the volatiles were lost, and a low-temperature fraction (matrix), which retained its volatiles. The data also suggest that the cosmic abundance curve in the Cd-I region may have to be raised by a factor of 2 over previous estimates. The abundances of Ga and In in the chrondite Renazzo are 11.9 and 0.036 on the Si = 106 scale. These figures, together with other compositional data, suggest that Renazzo occupies an intermediate position between the carbonaceous and bronzite chondrites, rather than belongs to either class.


Objective: Patients with trigeminal neuralgia suffer pain episode for months or years before the condition is finally diagnosed and unfortunately episodes of trigeminal neuralgia have a devastating impact on patients Quality of life. This study was done with an aim to compare the quality of life in patients of trigeminal neuralgia who are receiving pregabalin as an add on therapy to carbamazepine. Materials and Methods: A prospective, open label, randomized, comparative clinical study conducted on 50 patients. The patients were randomly divided in two groups of 25 patients to receive following two treatments. Group I (n=25) received tablet carbamazepine as a monotherapy initially 200 mg daily per orally in divided doses and gradually built up as per clinical response with maximum titrated dose upto 1000mg/day . Group II (n=25) received capsule pregabalin 75 mg OD and tablet carbamazepine 200 mg daily per orally in divided doses and dose gradually built up as per clinical response with maximum titrated dose upto 300mg/day for pregabalin for a period of 12 weeks. Quality of life assessment was done by Pain disability index (PDI). The patients were assessed at the end of 4 th , 8 th and 12 th weeks. Results: On intragroup analysis there was statistically significant reduction in mean PDI score (p<0.05 indicating improvement in quality of life) when compared to baseline values at the end of 4 th , 8 th and 12 th weeks with both the drugs. In group I mean score at baseline was 48.08 ± 1.03, (43.52 ± 1.07) at 4 th week, (40.24± 0.95) at 8 th week and (37.44 ± 0.94) at 12 th week. In group II mean score at baseline was 47.80 ± 0.53, (41.60 ± 0.51) at 4 th week, (37.20± 0.52) at 8 th week and (33.12 ± 0.60) at 12 th week. On intergroup analysis it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference (improvement in quality of life) between the two treatment groups at the end of 4 weeks (43.52±1.07 vs 41.60±0.51; p=0.15 ), although statistically significant better quality of life was observed with pregabalin as an add therapy to carbamazepine at the end of week 8 th (40.24 ±0.95 vs 37.20±0.52; p<0.05 ), and 12 th (37.44±0.94 vs 33.12 ±0.60; p<0.05 ), indicating better quality of life with pregabalin. Conclusion: The present study suggested that pregabalin as an add on therapy to carbamazepine was found to cause significant improvement in quality of life & reduction in pain scoring at 8 th & 12 weeks.


The objective of this study was to compare, under in vitro conditions, the kinetics of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) degradation of elephant grass and sugarcane. Sugarcane had higher degradation than elephant grass. Enzymes increased soluble fraction, potential and total degradation of OM and NDF of sugarcane and elephant grass. The NDF degradation rate of elephant grass and sugarcane was also improved by enzymes. Enzymes increased OM degradation rate only of sugarcane. Kinetic of ADF degradation only of sugarcane was increased by enzymes. It is concluded that exogenous fibrolytic enzymes improved degradation of sugarcane, and OM and NDF degradation of elephant grass.


The turbulence–chemistry interaction model with finite-rate chemistry is a common model for solving supersonic turbulent combustion and takes into consideration the interaction between turbulent mixing and chemical reactions as well as finite chemistry reaction instead of the fast chemistry assumption. However, not only the density and viscosity but also the chemical reactions are affected by the compressibility of the flow field with an increasing Mach number. Considering engineering applications, the compressibility correction was introduced to two recent turbulence–chemistry interaction models with finite-rate chemistry, the Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) model and Unsteady PaSR (UPaSR) model, in a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes framework. Numerical simulations of two typical supersonic combustors showed that the interaction between the turbulence and combustion was intensive within complex supersonic chemical reaction flow and could be described by the fine-scale structure volume fraction. The distributions of temperature, pressure, velocity and components somewhat downstream of fuel injection areas were most obviously improved by the presented models. Moreover, the increase in computational time consumption by the compressibility correction was less than 2%. It was found that the Compressible PaSR (C-PaSR) model and the UPaSR model show better consistency with experimental results than the traditional PaSR model.


We consider the quasihyperbolic geometry of a convex domain in a uniformly convex Banach space. We show that quasihyperbolic geodesics are unique, that quasihyperbolic balls are convex and that in the finitedimensional case, quasihyperbolic geodesics can be prolonged to geodesic rays.


Two groups are virtually isomorphic if they can be obtained one from the other via a finite number of steps, where each step consists in taking a finite extension or a finite index subgroup (or viceversa). Virtually isomorphic groups are always quasi-isometric, and a group G is quasi-isometrically rigid if every group quasi-isometric to G is virtually isomorphic to G.
In this survey we describe quasi-isometric rigidity results for fundamental groups of manifolds which can be decomposed into geometric pieces. After stating by now classical results on lattices in semisimple Lie groups, we focus on the class of fundamental groups of $3$-manifolds, and describe the behaviour of quasi-isometries with respect to the Milnor-Kneser prime decomposition (following Papasoglu and Whyte) and with respect to the JSJ decomposition (following Kapovich and Leeb). We also discuss quasi-isometric rigidity results for fundamental groups of higher dimensional graph manifolds, that were recently defined by Lafont, Sisto and the author. Our main tools are the study of geometric group actions and quasi-actions on Riemannian manifolds and on trees of spaces, via the analysis of the induced actions on asymptotic cones.


Comprehensive and accurate maps appropriate for decision making at the local level are outmoded or presently not available in the Maichar Union local community, Bangladesh. This paper aims at understanding the use and the consequences of Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) in this local community and presents a community map based on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Geographic Information System (GIS) practices (particularly photo mapping). It links to advanced spatial analysis in socio-economic, demographic, and environmental-correlation. PRAGIS was applied and examined to identify its likelihood to help local communities of the Maichar Union in the management of their socio-economic, demographic, and environmental condition. Involvement of the local community in identifying their information needs. Gathering data and natural resources information was greatly valuable in combination with GIS. During the assessment of PRAGIS, it was recognized that for developing plans the emphasis should be basically on the primary stakeholder, such as the local community and the poor rather than on technical experts. This rarely takes place at the ground level and could be a restrictive factor for the efficiency of GIS as a participatory tool although it facilitates participating diverse stakeholders to make an appropriate decision by engaging all relevant stakeholders to participate. This study shows that in a developmental context PRAGIS should be viewed primarily as a consultative, participatory methodology rather than a predominantly technological aid. The outcomes of this research have made a major contribution in developing the Maichar Union local community particularly for sanitation and education sectors.


Conditions that are both necessary and sufficient for the unique solvability of a general linear active network that may contain controlled sources of all types are presented. Illustrative examples are also given.


Cancer is very lethal to health and lives around the world chemists are always trying to formulate the advance anticancer drugs with better efficacy for treatment. Side by side, these drugs have adverse effects for monitoring that drugs the electrochemistry helps to device electrochemical cells. The cells can monitor the drugs in the body. Nanomaterials are helpful full in this regard. They improve the drug efficacy and drug delivery systems to protect the body from the adverse effects. In this review paper we described the applications of nanomaterials in sense that they have intensive surface area as compared to macro materials so this have enhanced catalytic properties that enable for great sensing applications.


Abstract Newcastle disease has not been recognised as a clinical entity in New Zealand, but several isolates of the causative virus have been obtained from domestic fowls, wild mallard ducks and an illegally imported parrot from Fiji. The viruses we obtained grew to high titre in fertile eggs, but embryonic death-rates were low, the patterns of death were-irregular and mean death-times were long. Transmission tests in day-old and older chickens caused no clinical disease. No drop in egg production was observed in laying birds. The-isolates were found to elute slowly from chicken erythrocytes, to show variable agglutinating activity with horse erythrocytes, and, especially those isolated from ducks, to be heat stable. They all failed to produce plaques in under 96 hours except in the presence of Mg SO4 or DEAE-dextran. It was concluded the isolates were of the lentogenic type and were virtually avirulent.


A powerful and lightweight, yet inexpensive electrostatic actuator can be fabricated by coating the surfaces of a thin dielectric elastomer and then folding it into many layers to produce a multi-layer stack of capacitors. This has been proposed and demonstrated by Federico Carpi et al. [1]. The elastomer ability to contract when subject to the electric field has many biomedical, automotive and aerospace applications. An interesting feature of an elastomer actuator is that its capacitance increases when voltage is applied. Due to the softness of the elastomer the electrostatic force compresses its thickness and increases its area due to lateral expansion produced by the Poisson effect . It also has a very long "stroke" compared to solid state actuators of less flexible materials. A strongly coupled structuralelectrostatic simulation is required due to the large geometry changes during actuation and the increase in the electric field. Elastic strains up to 15% are typical in the elastomer. An accurate physical representation of the elastomer needs to account for the nonlinear hyperelastic constitutive equations, the effect of the constraints at the borders of the structure and fringe electric field. A singe coupled-field element can be used to represent all the nonlinear geometric and material properties, as well as coupled effects between the physics needed for the simulation of the elastomer. This provides ease of use, improved accuracy and performance of a tightly coupled solution. HPC is shown to provide a significant solution speed up. The presentation shows that a finite element model of a folded dielectric actuator using coupled-field elements can closely match the deformation and stress obtained by physical experiment. Once the simulation model has been calibrated to the experimental results, it becomes possible to confidently modify the design to improve the performance. REFERENCE


The present study aims to measure the solid–liquid interface temperature of an evaporating droplet on a heated surface using a thermoresponsive polymer. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) was used owing to its sensitive optical and mechanical properties to the temperature. We also measured the refractive index variation of the pNIPAM solution by using the surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). In particular, the present study proposed a new method to measure the solid–liquid interface temperature using the correlation among reflectance, refractive index, and temperature. It was found that the reflectance of a pNIPAM solution decreased after the droplet deposition. The solid–liquid interface temperature, estimated from the reflectance, showed a lower value at the center of the droplet, and it gradually increased along the radial direction. The lowest temperature at the contact line region is present because of the maximum evaporative cooling. Moreover, the solid–liquid interface temperature deviation increased with the surface temperature, which means solid–liquid interface temperature should be considered at high temperature to predict the evaporation flux of the droplet accurately.


(Mg60Ni25)100-x Lax(x=4, 6, 8, 10) amorphous alloys were prepared by melt-spinning. The phase structures of the ribbons before and after charge/discharge cycling were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), respectively. The results show that Mg65Ni27La8 has the maximum discharge capacity of 582 m A·h/g, and its absorption/desorption process can be divided into the following four stages: 1) the hydrogen atoms are absorbed by the amorphous phase, and the distribution of the hydrogen atoms is disordered; 2) with further hydrogen-absorbing, two hydrides of HT-Mg2 Ni H4 and LT-Mg2 Ni H4 with a diameter of less than 4 nm form gradually and their numbers increase; 3) beginning with the release of hydrogen, the local structure the decomposition after returns to the disorderly state, leaving only some of the large size and relatively stable LT-Mg2 Ni H4nanocrystals; and 4) the remaining hydrogen atoms release from the amorphous phase, and the structure of the alloy in the process has no significant change.


This paper describes a detailed analysis of off-grid residential refrigeration energy usage, specifically comparing the energy performance of electric and propane-fired refrigerators. Off-grid electric power systems frequently incorporate a renewable source such as wind or solar photovoltaic (PV) with a back-up propane fueled motor/generator. Residential consumers face the choice of employing an electric refrigerator with a conventional vapor compression refrigeration system, or a fuel-fired refrigerator operating as an absorption refrigeration system. The essential question is whether it is more advantageous to use electricity to run the refrigerator, which might be provided by some combination of the PV and propane motor/generator, thereby taking advantage of the relatively higher electric refrigerator Coefficient of Performance (COP) and free solar energy but having to accept a low electrical conversion efficiency of the motor/generator, or use thermal energy from the combustion of propane to produce the refrigeration effect via an absorption system, albeit with a much lower COP. The analysis is complicated by the fact that most off-grid renewable electrical power systems utilize a battery bank to provide electrical power when it is not available from the wind turbine or PV system, so the state of charge of the battery bank will have a noticeable impact on what energy source is required. The bottom line energy usage and fuel input depend strongly on the ability to make use of the renewable sources in real time to avoid battery bank conversion losses, as well as to have sufficient battery storage capacity to minimize the need for operation of the motor/generator to meet electric loads.


This paper expounds a view based on a combination of the author's personal experience and research from works on related subjects. It sets out the lengthy process of promoting an innovative idea through the development and demonstration phases to commercial application. The most common pitfalls are identified. Suggestions are made on how many of these can be circumvented, or at least their impacts minimised and managed. A structured approach from beginning to successful end is recommended, with emphasis on patience. An awareness of internal corporate politics and alignment with managerial aspirations are both essential. It is held that "idea marketing" is vital to building positive momentum.


Abstract The social interpretation of disability (SID) that originated in Britain in the 1970s is a radical attempt to locate the problem of disability in society. SID has been criticised, however, on the grounds that its distinction between impairment and disability cannot be drawn; that it neglects impairment; that it over-emphasises barrier removal; and that it lacks a category for person-level activity. This paper isolates SID's core claims, uses them to criticise other claims that some of SID's advocates advance, and defends SID against these criticisms. If SID's core claims are recovered from misrepresentation, they can be used to expose some limits of using the categories of the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to think about how society should respond to impairment.


Unidimensionality of media exposure is found for low but not for high socioeconomic groups in a developing urban setting, reflecting socioeconomic constraints on access to media.


PURPOSE
We performed a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of gemcitabine monotherapy, a pyrimidine antimetabolite, in patients, who had previously failed anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-one patients with metastatic breast cancer, which was unresponsive to previous chemotherapy, were entered into this study. Gemcitabine was administered at 850 mg/m2, as a 60- minute intravenous infusion on days 1, 8 and 15. This regimen was repeated every 28 days with G-CSF support, but without dose reduction.

RESULTS
Objective responses were seen in 6 of the 20 patients who were able to be evaluated (1 complete response and 5 partial responses), with an objective response rate of 30%. The median time to progression was 5 (1~20) months, and the median overall survival duration was 11 (2~21) months. The actual dose intensity was 566.7 mg/m2/wk (range; 340~637.5 mg/m2/wk) and the relative dose intensity was 0.89 (range; 0.40~1.00). Toxicity was mainly hematological. Toxicities included: grade 3 neutropenia in 20% and anemia in 5%. Grades 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 15% of the patients.

CONCLUSION
Gemcitabine monotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for refractory breast cancer patients heavily treated with the anthracycline and taxane- based regimen.


We discuss the perturbation analysis for eigenvalues and eigenvectors of structured homogeneous matrix polynomials with Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, H-even and H-odd structure. We construct minimal structured perturbations (structured backward errors) such that an approximate eigenvalue and eigenvector pair (finite or infinite eigenvalues) is an exact eigenvalue eigenvector pair of an appropriately perturbed structured matrix polynomial. We present various comparisons with unstructured backward errors and previous backward errors constructed for the non-homogeneous case and show that our results generalize previous results.