THE HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE (Lower House) of the Indian Parliament made history on August 29, i96i, by reprimanding a journalist at the Bar of the House and in that context functioning as the High Court of Parliament for the first time. It was a unique event and has set in motion a controversy which still continues unabated. The person to whom the reprimand was administered was the editor of Blitz, a Bombay leftist journal. His offense was the publication of an article in the journal entitled "The Kripaloony Impeachment" which, according to the Privileges Committee of the House and the Speaker, "in its tenor and contents libelled an honourable member of this House (J. B. Kripalani) and cast reflections on him on account of his speech and conduct in the House and referred to him in a contemptuous and insulting manner." It may be mentioned here that by publishing the article Blitz was trying to vindicate the Defence Minister, V. K. Krishna Menon, who was the target of an attack by Kripalani in one of the debates in Parliament. While administering the reprimand, the Speaker added: "As editor, you had a high responsibility to exercise utmost caution and discretion in commenting on the speech and conduct of an honourable member of Parliament in his capacity as such member. Yet you published words calculated to bring him into odium, contempt and ridicule. This offence of yours was further aggravated by the type of explanation you chose to submit to the Committee of Privileges. In the name of the House, I accordingly reprimand you for committing a gross breach of privilege and contempt of the House." What was the privilege involved? Does the House have such privilege? If so, does it have the power to punish? Further, has its action violated the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression guaranteed to the citizens under Article ig(i) (a) of the Constitution of India?' Also, can Parliament, without defining its powers and privileges and without disclosing to the citizen what these powers and privileges are, assume to itself a power to nullify a fundamental right? These are questions which deserve careful consideration as they affect the very foundations on which is built the structure of democratic government in India.


Psychological well-being is about lives going well. It is the combination of feeling good and functioning effectively. Sustainable well-being does not require individuals to feel good all the time; the experience of painful emotions (e.g. disappointment, failure, grief) is a normal part of life, and being able to manage these negative or painful emotions is essential for long-term well-being. Psychological well-being is, however, compromised when negative emotions are extreme or very long lasting and interfere with a person's ability to function in his or her daily life. The present paper reviews the different components of psychological wellbeing.


Abstract The paper describes how eye-tracking can be used to explore electronic patient records (EPR) in a sterile environment. As an information display, we used a system that we developed for the presentation of patient data and for supporting surgical hand disinfection. The eye-tracking was performed using the Tobii Eye Tracker 4C, and the connection between the eye-tracker and the HTML website was realized using the Tobii EyeX Chrome Extension. Interactions with the EPR are triggered by fixations of icons. The interaction was working as intended, but test persons reported a high mental load while using the system.


Knowledge discovery in scientific data, i.e. the extraction of engineering knowledge in form of a mathematical model description from experimental data, is currently an important part in the industrial re-engineering effort for an improved knowledge reuse. Despite the fact that large collections of data have been acquired in expensive investigations from numerical simulations and experiments in the past, the systematic use of data mining algorithms for the purpose of knowledge extraction from data is still in its infancy. In contrary to other data sets collected in business and finance, scientific data possess additional properties special to their domain of origin. First, the principle of cause and effect has a strong impact and implies the completeness of the parameter list of the unknown functional model more rigorous than one would assume in other domains, such as in financial credit-worthiness data or client behavior analyses. Secondly, scientific data are usually rich in physical unit information which represents an important piece of structural knowledge in the underlying model formation theory in form of dimensionally homogeneous functions. Based on these features of scientific data, a similarity transformation using the measurement unit information of the data can be performed. This similarity transformation eliminates the scale-dependency of the numerical data values and creates a set of dimensionless similarity numbers. Together with reasoning strategies from artificial intelligence such as case-based reasoning, these 62 DATA MINING FOR DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING similarity numbers may be used to estimate many engineering properties of the technical object or process under consideration. Furthermore, the employed similarity transformation usually reduces the remaining complexity of the resulting unknown similarity function which can be approximated using different techniques.


A three-dimensional approximate computer-based method, YSPR (Yonsei Piled Raft), was developed for analysis of behavior of piled raft foundations. The raft was modeled as a flat shell element having 6 degrees of freedom at each node and the pile was modeled as a beam-column element. The behaviors of pile head and soil were controlled by using stiffness matrix. To model the non-linear behavior, the soil-structure interaction between soil and pile was modeled by using nonlinear load-transfer curves (t-z, q-z and p-y curves). Comparison with previous model and FEM analysis showed that YSPR gave similar load-displacement behaviors. Comparison with field measurement also indicated that YSPR gave a reasonable result. It was concluded that YSPR could be effectively used in analysis and design of piled raft foundations.


Introduction - PART 1 - Economics and Organisation - Organisational Economics - PART 2 - Economics and Sociology - Economic and Sociological Theories of Organisation - PART 3 - Divisions of Labour and Hierarchy - Historical Transformations in Work Organisation - Ownership and Control - Development of the Modern Corporation - Conclusion - Guide to Further Reading


We present design and performance data of a linear Alexandrite laser in q-switched operation and an Alexandrite ring laser in quasi-cw mode, both longitudinally pumped by laser diode bar modules in the red spectral range.


The synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) with inserted heavy metal tantalum (Ta) are attracting an increasing interest due to the relatively large spin Hall angles, resulting in a much lower driven current for low‐power consumption, and the conduciveness to high magnetoresistance, showing more suitability for an application. Here, stable and reversible switching behavior is experimentally realized between antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling and ferromagnetic (FM) coupling in Co40Fe40B20/Ta/Co40Fe40B20/(011) Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) multiferroic heterostructures after applying an external voltage, proved by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. The indirect interaction shows no periodical oscillation with the layer thicknesses variation of FM layer or nonmagnetic (NM) layer experimentally, which is consistent with the previous reports in theoretical calculation. This work is instructive and guiding for a better understanding of SAFs and realizing the next generation of AFM spintronic devices.


While the impact of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on electricity generation and transmission has been studied extensively, the impact of PEVs on the resiliency of the local electricity distribution system has not been addressed in detail. Understanding resiliency impacts is important as the increased use of PEVs, and especially the clustering of PEVs in one area (such as a neighborhood), place additional pressures on already aging power grid infrastructure. As an example, charging a large population of PEVs during normal operations can stress system components (such as transformers) resulting in accelerated aging or even failure, which reduces resiliency of the system. On the other hand, PEVs can also increase system resiliency. When connected to the grid, PEVs are an energy resource that can provide electricity for critical services (such as community shelters) during grid outages and facilitate grid restoration by providing electricity to support the restart of transformers and other utility assets.


Asymmetric hydrogenation using clean hydrogen gas provides an almost waste-free protocol for the preparation of a vast range of chiral molecules and thereby plays an important role in synthetic organic chemistry. The enantioselectivity of this transformation depends on the chiral ligands in the transition-metal complexes that activate both hydrogen gas and unsaturated chemical bonds. The transition-metalcatalyzed reaction is the established and most reliable strategy to realize asymmetric hydrogenation. On the other hand, highly active hydride donors, such as Hantzsch esters (HEH), are exploited as external reductants in organocatalytic enantioselective reductions, but hydrogen gas is considered to be an inert substrate in such processes. However, these traditional concepts have been refuted by recent reports by Zhou and co-workers on the elegant asymmetric hydrogenation of N heterocycles. These newer procedures take advantage of ruthenium complex/chiral phosphoric acid relay catalysis, 7] in which the hydrogen gas participates in the chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed hydrogenation of the aryl heterocycle and replaces the active hydride donor as the terminal reductant. Rueping and co-workers reported that 2-arylquinoxalines and other heterocycles could undergo a highly enantioselective transfer hydrogenation with HEH catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid. Xiao et al. demonstrated that the combination of chiral Ir catalysts and Brønsted acids afforded a highly enantioselective hydrogenation of acyclic ketimines, in which hydrogen gas was exploited as the reductant. Inspired by these findings, Zhou et al. proposed the asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoxalines 1 to give chiral tetrahydroquinoxalines 3 through the relay catalysis of [{Ru(p-cymene)I2}2] and binol-based phosphoric acid derivatives (BPA; binol = 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol). The hydrogenation of quinoxalines 1 with hydrogen gas in the presence of ruthenium(II) efficiently generated intermediate dihydroquinoxalines 2, which then underwent self-transfer hydrogenation catalyzed either by a Brønsted acid (B* H) or the ruthenium complex to deliver the starting compounds 1 along with tetrahydroquinoxalines 3 (Scheme 1). The first rutheni-


This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Base prepared digitally from U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000−scale quadrangles: Honolulu 1983, Kaneohe 1983, Koko Head 1983, Pearl Harbor 1983. Projection Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 4, Old Hawaiian Datum. Shaded relief from 10−m−square grid of elevations prepared from digital line graphs of hypsography. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OPEN FILE REPORT


Over the past decade, autonomous driving has been a subject of continued interest for research. In general, conventional approaches for autonomous driving consists of roughly two parts: perception and motion planning. Recently, an alternative approach based on the deep neural network has been developed, called the end-to-end autonomous driving, that maps raw sensor data directly to driving command without requiring a separate perception process. However, the performance of the end-to-end driving highly depends on the quantity and quality of the datasets used in the learning process and can become unreliable if untrained situation is encountered. To overcome this fundamental drawback of the end-to-end approach, we adopt the simplex architecture for autonomous driving as a mean that combines the end-to-end approach together with the conventional approach to improve the overall driving reliability. The improved driving reliability of the proposed autonomous driving framework is shown through experimentation on a testbed system built on this work.


We introduce real-valued (p,q)-forms on weighted metric graphs with boundary similar to Lagerberg forms on polyhedral spaces. We compute the Dolbeault cohomology and prove Poincaré duality. Using Thuillier's thesis, the skeleton of a strictly semistable formal curve is canonically a weighted metric graph with boundary. We use that and our companion paper on weakly smooth forms to compute the Dolbeault cohomology for weakly smooth forms on any non-Archimedean compact rig-smooth analytic curve X , and prove Poincaré duality when X is proper.


In an Ubiquitous Environment, the growth of various services and equipment is forecasted to increase both the multicast users and diverse hacking attacks of the multicast key. Rapid increasing of multicast users and application security protocols reduce the performance of the Central key management system. Accordingly. We propose to elevate the functionality of the key management mechanism for greater efficiency and stability of the multicast services. in this paper The existing key management mechanism comparison and simulation will analyze these problems. We propose the advanced SMKD (Secure Multicast Key Distribution) mechanism application of the small group and key length control new security protocol by methods to solve these problems. The SMKD Model in this paper will help reduce loading the key distribution and encryption execution of a central key management system, and this model can also ensure stability to a central key management system by efficient key management.


Supramolecular-structured polymeric materials, whose properties are designed and controlled by topological constraint have attracted growing interest recently. Polyrotaxane (PR), in which cyclic molecules are threaded into a linear polymer chain, is a typical example of such materials. By cross-linking cyclic molecules on PRs, we have developed a slide-ring gel which has movable crosslinks and therefore shows peculiar mechanical properties dif ferent from conventional chemical gels. Recently, the concept of movable crosslinks is expanded to the elastomer, non-solvent polymer network systems, that is generally utilized in solid-state. The polymer-network materials having movable cross-links are genetically named "slide-ring materials" (SRMs) and applied to several industries such as coatings and abrasives. For fur ther development of SRM-based materials, we need to accumulate knowledge about the solid-state structures and properties of PRs and SRMs. Here we report the structure and dynamics of polyrotaxane, composed of polyethylene glycol and α-cyclodextrins, PR derivatives (hydroxypropylated PRs and acetylated PRs), and PRs having alkyl side chains in the solid state investigated by using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and viscoelastic spectroscopy. Several recent progress in applications of SRMs are also reported.


able to shake off the spell of Weber, he might have been able to spend more time explaining lending in Athens and less time explaining away phenomena that clash with his model. As M. recognises (312 n. 1), la lutte continue. (This is the only part of the book that sounds more like Marx than Weber.) Even if all of M.'s arguments do not convince, one still must admit that Borrowing and Lending in Ancient Athens is an important work. For this scholarly eranos, we all owe M. a debt of charis.


The reliability of hydraulic systems for the provision of management is the means used to meet the requirements of the hydraulic system with high reliability in the system design, installation, use of the whole process to enhance the reliability of all measures, methods and activities. Most of failures of the gantry-crane are caused by hydraulic system through the analysis of the actual operation of the gantry-crane. Therefore, the reliability of hydraulic systems management has very important significance.


In this letter, we report a study on the strain-tuned optical bandgap, piezoresistive effect and photoresponse of multilayer β-InSe. A redshift of photoluminescence is observed in multilayer InSe under uniaxial tensile strains and the shift rate of the optical gap is 57.7 meV/%. The multilayer InSe shows pronounced piezoresistive effect with a reduced resistance and the calculated gauge factor is 47, which is larger than those of graphene and traditional metal foils. The photoresponsivity of the photodetector is enhanced to 115.9 AW−1 measured at 1.06% uniaxial tensile strain, three times higher than that of a device measured without strain. Our results demonstrate that strain-engineering can effectively modulate electronic and optoelectronic properties of multilayer InSe, opening a door for InSe applications in strain sensors, flexible photodetectors and electronic skin devices.


The inundation of substation and ground power equipment breaks out every summer season in low-lying downtown and low-lying shore by localized heavy rain, typhoon and tidal wave. For diminishing flood damage of electrical equipment in the root, flood protection system which is used the basic frame of Pad transformer is developed using pneumatic pressure. This system is established on pressure generator equipment and sensor of flooded level operates at flooding occurrence and is maintained a shutting tightly structure. The system is able to protect indraft water in Pad Transformer and supply the electricity at emergency(flooding). And we tested safety for insulation resistance at flooding and applying an electrical current. We estimate that loss cost which is caused by with flooding and the power failure will be diminished if it is addition to advances the reliability evaluation by setting an example.


In a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) system, a receiver is implemented having at least one additional receive path in addition to the number of transmit antennas used to transmit the signals (eg, wireless OFDM signals) received at the receiver. In one embodiment, an additional receive path is used for reduced Co-Channel Interference (CCI) in recovered OFDM signals. In particular, each receive path applies recursive filtering to generate individual subcarrier signals. The processor converts individual subcarrier signals from different receive paths into a first set of subcarrier signals corresponding to each transmitted OFDM signal, where each first set of subcarrier signals is a required signal and possibly a CCI. Has The processor also generates a second set of subcarrier signals corresponding to the CCI. The processor subtracts portions of the second set of subcarrier signals from each first set of subcarrier signals to produce recovered OFDM signals with reduced CCI. Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) System, Subcarrier Signals, Additional Receive Path, Co-Channel Interference, Filterbank


This letter proposes a finite-and-quantized output feedback output tracking control scheme for possibly non-minimum phase discrete-time linear systems that are subject to output quantization and saturation. An analytical pole placement-based control law is proposed by solely utilizing the finite-and-quantized output and the external reference output. The closed-loop stability and output tracking analysis are essentially different from the classical pole placement method. It needs to overcome some new technical issues caused by finite-and-quantized output feedback, such as how to realize closed-loop stability while restricting the finite quantization of the output measurement. This letter demonstrates that by appropriately designing the quantizer's sensitivity, the proposed control law ensures all closed-loop signals are bounded, and the output tracking error converges to a certain residual set of the origin within a certain finite time, regardless of the existence of unstable zeros and poles in the control systems. Particularly, the residual set can be arbitrarily small under a specified design condition. Finally, a representative example validates the proposed control scheme.


Purpose: A retrospective study to compare skeletal and dentoalveolar changes between hyperdivergent and normovergent Class II division 1 Thai patients treated with twin block appliance.
Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 17 hyperdivergent [9 boys, 8 girls] and 26 normovergent [16 boys, 10 girls] Class II division 1 Thai subjects treated with twin block appliance were analysed. The subjects were divided into 2 different vertical growth patterns, hyperdivergent and normovergent groups by SN-MP angle. Cephalometric analysis and Pancherz analysis were performed and the treatment effects between 2 groups were compared.
Results: The average treatment time was 15.00 ± 4.37 months for the hyperdivergent group and 14.19 ± 5.26 months for the normovergent group. Normovergent group showed a statistically significant greater improvement in sagittal skeletal changes (increased SNB, decreased ANB, improved AF-BF and increased Pg to N perpend) when compared to the hyperdivergent group. There were no vertical skeletal changes between the two groups except the mandibular angle which showed a slight increase after twin block treatment in the normovergent group. In the hyperdivergent group, overjet and molar corrections were mainly based on dentoalveolar and dental contribution was 63.4 percent for overjet correction and 52.5 percent for molar correction. In the normovergent group, overjet and molar corrections mainly resulted from skeletal changes and dental contribution percentages were 47.9 and 41.3 percent, respectively.
Conclusions: The effects of Class II twin block appliance in hyperdivergent patients was mainly due to dentoalveolar changes. Normovergent patients responded to the twin block appliance more favorably than hyperdivergent patients.


Geochemical data for 435 samples of the Pliocene to Quaternary (P–Q) volcanic rocks from Iran, distributed mostly along a NW–SE trending belt, were compiled from 28 papers (12 written in Persian). Until now, the rock nomenclature employed has been inconsistent with the recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). Moreover, older bivariate and ternary tectonic discrimination diagrams and only traditional qualitative approaches using Nb and Ta anomalies, have been used to understand the origin and evolution of the P–Q magmas. The P–Q magma and rock types were classified by strictly following the IUGS recommendations. Two geochemometric multidimensional models based on 10 and 16 elements, along with two decision procedures, capable of discriminating 29 fine tectonic settings, were used to document the existence of six tectonic settings in Iran during the P–Q. The rare earth elements indicated that the evolved intermediate and silicic rocks had a significant crustal component in their origin. The quantification of Nb and Ta anomalies in multielement diagrams was used to support the tectonic inferences from the multidimensional geochemometric models.


Five methods to increase the computational efficiency of aerodynamic design using numerical optimization, by reducing the computer time required to perform gradient calculations, are examined. The most promising method consists of drastically reducing the size of the computational domain on which aerodynamic calculations are made during gradient calculations. Since a gradient calculation requires the solution of the flow about an airfoil whose geometry was slightly perturbed from a base airfoil, the flow about the base airfoil is used to determine boundary conditions on the reduced computational domain. This method worked well in subcritical flow.


The results are presented of a trial of 28 potato varieties, including 19 blight-resistant Sarpo varieties, at Llanrhystud in Ceredigion. The effects of compost tea preparations in protecting against blight were also studied.


We consider a standard thermophoretic configuration, wherein an insulating spherical particle is suspended within a gaseous domain which is bounded between two parallel walls. The walls are maintained at two different temperatures, thereby generating a nonuniform temperature field within the gas. Due to thermal slip, the particle drifts toward the cold wall. Conventional analyses of this problem, starting with the classical work of Epstein [Z. Physik., 54 (1929), pp. 537–563], employ the small-temperature-difference limit. Then, if the particle is small enough, the problem becomes quasi-steady, and the animating effect of the two walls can be represented by a uniform far-field temperature gradient. The corresponding unbounded problem is identical to other slip-generated problems, such as electrophoresis. We focus here upon the general case where the temperature difference is not small. The dependence of the pertinent flow variables upon the absolute temperature prohibits a transformation to a quasi-steady...


The stratospheric ozone DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar) at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR, Andøya, 69.28oN, 16.01oE) started operations in December 1994. Due to the Arctic location of the site, measurements at ALOMAR are well suited for validation of satellites with polar orbits. Here, we present the technical characteristics and the capability of the system with special emphasis on the daylight detector, which has been partly financed by the European Space Agency (ESA). Reliable ozone density profiles can be measured during full daylight conditions up to a maximum altitude of 35 to 38 km from less than 2 hours of continuous measurements (nightime: the maximum altitude is ca. 50 km, about 1 hour averages). Between September and December 2002, 47 ozone profiles have been uploaded to the CalVal database at NILU. First comparisons of vertical ozone profiles measured by GOMOS and MIPAS with data from the lidar are shown using a limited number of co-located measurements (6 in the case of MIPAS and 7 GOMOS data sets). MIPAS very well reproduces the vertical fine structures observed in the lidar ozone profiles. The pointing miss-alignment of MIPAS, which has been reported by ESA and has been corrected on November 13, is clearly seen in a comparison with lidar data from before that date. In general we see a good agreement between the ALOMAR lidar and the MIPAS data above 100 hPa, and in particular between 100 and 20 hPa (0 + 10 %). Mean differences of about 15 % are seen between 1 and 10 hPa. GOMOS ozone profiles show large fluctuations and 20 % negative bias at around 20 km altitude. Larger data sets need to be studied to get more statistic significant results. 1. The daylight capable ozone lidar system at ALOMAR The stratospheric ozone lidar at ALOMAR, the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (69.28oN, 16.01oE), started operation in December 1994. It is jointly run by FFI (Norwegian Defence Research Establishment), NILU (Norwegian Institute of Air Research) and the Andøya Rocket Range. In the first years the lidar had no operational daylight capability, and due to the Arctic location no measurements were possible from about May 10th to July 30, since the solar elevation angle exceeds -2 degrees 24 hours a day during this period. To greatly improve the use of the system, in July 1998 a new daylight receiver module, partially financed by the European Space Agency (ESA), was installed. With this upgrade, lidar measurements of high quality can be performed at any time of the day and the year at ALOMAR. The technical details of the lidar are summarized in Table 1a and 1b. The lidar transmitter is based on a XeCl Excimer laser, emitting radiation at 308 nm, and a H2-filled Raman cell, converting ca. 15 % of the laser radiation into radiation at 353 nm. Both wavelengths are emitted vertically into the atmosphere. Due to differences in ozone absorption at 308 nm and 353 nm (DIAL technique), from the backcattered signals range resolved ozone densities between 9 and maximal 50 km altitude (daytime: 2 hour-average, ca. 36 km, at best: 42 km) can be derived (typical 1 hour averages). The receiver consists of a 1 m Newtonian telescope, an optical/electronical 2 channel-detector and a data aqusition system. A mechanical filter wheel is used to protect the photomultipliers against the intense return signals from lower altitudes. Measurements are performed sequentially with typical chopper altitudes of 7, 12, and 18 km (8, 14 km during daylight), using neutral density filter with optical density (OD) 2, 1, and no filter (OD 1, 0 during daylight), respectively. The standard altitude resolution used is 97.433 m, the single file acquisition duration is about 5 minutes (2.5 minutes). Raw data are stored in ASCII-format. On a routine base ozone, backscatter ratios, densities and temperatures are calculated as daily averages. The ozone data are stored in NASA Ames format. Higher time resolutions or e.g. PSC analysis is performed during atmospheric interesting events. On-line raw-data profiles, and quasi-online analysed data can be found under: http://alomar.rocketrange.no/alomarlidar.html. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Proc. of Envisat Validation Workshop, Frascati, Italy, 9 – 13 December 2002 (ESA SP-531, August 2003) Laser Type Excimer, XeCl Manufacturer/Model Lambda Physics LPX 150T Wavelengths 353.2, 307.95, 308.2 nm Frequency of Pulses 200 + 5 Hz Length of Pulses 28 ns Energy of Pulse ~150 mJ (127 mJ at 308 nm, 20 mJ at 353.2 nm) Laser pulse line width 3 pm Divergence < 0.15 mrad (after 3x expansion) Telescope & Detector


In turning prophecy into a form of literature, the authors of ancient Israelite prophetic books repeatedly addressed the nature of prophecy itself. This preoccupation suggests that the phenomenon of prophecy was by no means a simple and known concept to the authors of this literature, but rather one in need of discursive construction. The authors of Jeremiah explored theories of prophecy from a variety of perspectives. While all the Jeremiah traditions assume a basic definition of prophecy as the mediation of a divine message through an intermediary, they also move beyond this conception in a number of ways. Though prophetic literature ostensibly presents disembodied prophecy, the authors of Jeremiah frequently direct their attention to the essentially embodied nature of prophecy. The prophet's bodily experience, for these authors, cannot be separated from his capacity to transmit the divine message. Other parts of the Jeremiah tradition negotiate a history of prophecy in relation to Moses and Deuteronomy. For these texts, prophecy has to be understood as an unfolding history that begins but does not end with Deuteronomy. Finally, a distinct thread of tradition imagines Jeremiah's words as carrying an almost magical efficacy. Rather than merely transmitting a message, Jeremiah's speech has the effect of bringing about the divine judgment on Judah. In each case, the ancient authors navigate the innovative contours of prophetic literature by actively exploring the potencies of prophecy.


I cautiously removed the precious gramophone record from its cover and placed it on the turntable. With the no-static brush I carefully removed the hardly visible dust particles. I lifted up the arm, gently blew a bit of fluff from the needle and moved it smoothly above the record. After a last check, I carefully placed the needle in the groove. A soft tick, a cracking noise, and a few seconds later the beautiful voice of Mathilde Santing filled the room.


Stochastic background of gravitational waves (GW) generated by the interactions between primordial black holes (PBH) in the early universe and by PBH evaporation is considered. If PBHs dominated in the cosmological energy density prior to their evaporation, GWs from the earlier stages (e.g. inflation) would be noticeably diluted. On the other hand, at the PBH dominance period they could form dense clusters where PBH binary formation might be significant. These binaries would be efficient sources of the gravitational waves.


Peer influence gets more and more important during teenage years. This influence can be observed in many domains, including school engagement. Friends tend to be very similar regarding their school engagement levels. Peer influence may vary depending on many moderating factors, including the popularity levels of the adolescent and his/her friends. This study examined the moderating effect of adolescent's and friends' popularity levels on the predictive link between friends' school engagement and adolescent's own school engagement. Data were collected during two consecutive years with 403 7 and 8 graders. Results show that friends' popularity in grade 7 predicted lower student's school engagement in grade 8, even while controlling for many associated factors. Moreover, student's popularity level moderated peer influence on school engagement: friends' engagement level predicted student's school engagement one year later, but only for popular adolescents.


The invention discloses a nanometer and high heat conductivity type composite plastic cement. The nanometer and high heat conductivity type composite plastic cement comprises a substrate and filler, wherein the substrate is ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene StyreneAcrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene); the filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 to 90 parts of ABS, 25 to 30 parts of MgO, 15 to 20 parts of Al2O3, 5 to 6 parts of Si3N4, and 6 to 10 parts of BN; the filler further comprises 15 to 18 parts of high-purity carbon powder, 6 to 10 parts of AlN, 8 to 15 parts of CuO, 3 to 5 parts of alum, and 3 to 5 parts of kaolin; the ABS is the terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene, wherein A represents acrylonitrile, B represents butadiene, and S presents styrene; the acrylonitrile accounts for 25 to 30%, the butadiene accounts for 16 to 28%; and the styrene accounts for 45 to 60%. According to the nanometer and high heat conductivity type composite plastic cement, particles and whiskers with a certain length-diameter ratio are adopted and used for forming continuous heat-conducting network chains; the fillers with different grain sizes are adopted for combining so as to realize higher filling density; a coupling agent is adopted and used for improving the interfaces of the filler and the substrate, thus the heat resistance of the interfaces is reduced; and the heat conductivity coefficients are improved by filling the plastic cement by the nanometer materials.


Fractions of basic, neutral and acidic amino acids, and of neutral, phospho- and glyco-lipids were prepared from the amino acid- and the lipid-extracts obtained from the mid-gut gland of squid Todarodes pacificus. The basic amino acid- and the phospholipid-fractions induced a high behavioral feeding attraction activity for juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and the neutral amino acid- and the glycolipid-fractions did bring about a low activity.Of twenty-six authentic L- and DL-amino acids, the activities were found in histidine, arginine, lysine and ornithine among the basic amino acids. Especially, histidine and arginine strikingly induced an attraction behavior in the fish. In the neutral amino acids, glycine, valine, threonine, methionine and cystine were involved in the attraction, specially glycine and threonine showing high activity. In the acidic amino acids, asparatic acid and glutamic acid didn't show an activity, while their amides did. Both L-histidine and L-threonine elicited the attraction in contrast to D-types which showed little effects.Of thirty authentic lipids, the activities were high in many kinds of phospholipids. Among the other lipids, however, only palmitic acid and stearic acid, monostearin, and ceramide were effective.The threshold values were estimated to be 5×10-7 M and 6×10-8 M for L-histidine and egglecithin, respectively.


Dutch has four pronouns "er" which show an intriguing pattern of syntactic haplology when a finite verb has more than one "er" dependent. We present a theory that captures this pattern by relying on two central aspects of HPSG: (i) the distinction between ARG-ST and COMPS and (ii) the distinction between canonical and non-canonical synsem objects. No deletion rules of the kind used in transformational analyses of "er" are necessary.


AIM To construct adenovirus vector with FasL, transfer vector into GRC 1 cell line, and observe FasL effectson GRC 1. METHODS Using adenovirus as vector, cloned FasL gene into vector and identified if FasL gene was cloned into vector by using enzyme digestion; using Lipofectin to pack vector with FasL, transferred vector into GRC 1 cell line, and then observed morphological change of GRC 1 cell. RESULTS ① FasL gene was cloned into adenovirus vector by using enzyme cutting; ② After 72 hours after transferring FasL gene into GRC 1 cell line, FasL gene was higher expression level than untransferred cells; ③ Condensation of chromosome and apoptosis body were observed by electroscope. CONCLUSION Adenovirus Vector with FasL gene was sucessfully constructed; transferring FasL into GRC 1 cell may induced GRC 1 cell line to display cell apoptosis.


According to the structure and character of the hot water boiler, it is explained how to ensure the hot water boiler running safety.


Bromobenzene is an environmental toxin. Exposure to bromobenzene causes injury to hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues. The secondary metabolites of bromobenzene are toxic to kidneys. Bromobenzene is capable of causing ATP depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, local inflammation, lipid peroxidation and subsequent loss of cellular function and integrity. This review provides insights into the mechanisms involved in bromobenzene intoxication and the effectiveness of several alternative medicines studied so far against bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity.


A review of the literature on the Lyman alpha forest gives direct evidence on the dynamics of the universe. In an expanding universe one would expect the average temperature of the universe to fall as it expands - but a review of the Doppler parameters of the Hydrogen clouds in Quasar spectra shows that contrary to this, they are increasing in temperature (or at least, becoming increasingly disturbed) as the universe ages. Additionally, in an expanding universe, hydrogen clouds must become further apart with time, so, as redshift increases, the clouds would be closer together. Instead, the evidence is that, on average, they are evenly spaced up to a redshift of one - if not beyond. How can this be so if the universe is expanding? Especially since this range of redshifts includes the supernovae data used to show 'acceleration' and so called 'time dilation.' Taking these results in isolation implies that the universe has been static for at least the last billion years or so and therefore a new model of redshift is needed to explain redshifts in a static universe. The model proposed here is that in a static universe, photons of light from distant galaxies are absorbed and reemitted by electrons in the plasma of intergalactic space and on each interaction the electron recoils. Energy is lost to the recoiling electron (New Tired Light theory) and thus the reemitted photon has less energy, a reduced frequency and therefore an increased wavelength. It has been redshifted. The Hubble relationship becomes 'photons of light from a galaxy twice as far away, make twice as many interactions with the electrons in the plasma of IG space, lose twice as much energy and undergo twice the redshift.' A relationship between redshift and distance is found and, using published values of collision cross-sections and number density of electrons in IG space, a value for the Hubble constant is derived which is in good agreement with measured values. Assuming that the energy transferred to the recoiling electron is emitted as secondary radiation; the wavelength is calculated and found to be consistent with the wavelengths of the CMB. On the basis that plasma clouds result in periodicity or 'quantised' galaxy redshifts it is shown that the average spacing between hydrogen clouds (z = 0.026) compares favourably with an average spacing between galaxy clusters (z = 0.023). A test of this theory in the laboratory is proposed whereby a high powered laser could be fired through sparse cold plasma and the theories predicted increase in emission of microwave radiation of a particular frequency determined.


Abstract : The paper gives a description of a computer model designed to assist Air Force planners during the provisioning process, which includes the requirement that every item in a weapon system be evaluated to determine (1) if it should be a spare part, and (2) if and where it should be repaired. SCAM examines four source and maintenance coding alternatives: repair at base only, repair at depot only, repair at both base and depot, and discard. The aggregate cost estimates represent total resource requirements for each alternative for a specified performance level. SCAM can also be useful in analysis of on-going systems to estimate the relative costs of any proposed change in the maintenance posture. The appendixes contain examples of output and the complete JOSS and FORTRAN IV programs for model operation.


Stressors related to interpersonal relationships are called interpersonal stressors. Such stressors are one of the most frequently experienced stressors (Maybery & Graham, 2001), and are more detrimental to mental health than noninterpersonal stressors related to work, financial state and so on (Bolger, DeLongis, Kessler, & Schilling, 1989; Sheets & Craighead, 2014). Interpersonal stressors are generally divided into three types: interpersonal conflict, interpersonal blunders, and interpersonal friction (Hashimoto, 2005, 2006). Interpersonal conflict includes explicit conflict, quarreling, and discord. Interpersonal blunders indicate situations where difficulties were caused by one's own mistake. Interpersonal friction refers to situations where assertiveness is inhibited to avoid explicit interpersonal troubles with other people. As people grow up from childhood to adolescence, they face numerous adaptational demands (e.g., physical growth, changes in social roles, and family and school transition), and experience many interpersonal stressors in their daily lives (Seiffge-Krenke & Shulman, 1993). In addition, during adolescence, close relationships such as friendships and romantic relationships become strong influences on social and emotional development and psychosocial adaptation (Collins & Laursen, 2000; Laursen & Bukowski, 1997). With regard to friendships during adolescence, all of the three types of interpersonal stressors are positively associated with stress responses (Hashimoto, Taniguchi, & Tanaka, 2005; Taniguchi, Hashimoto, & Tanaka, 2005, 2006); interpersonal conflict is less often experienced (Hashimoto et al. 2005; Taniguchi et al., 2005); and interpersonal friction is more often experienced (Taniguchi et al., 2006). Moreover, there is a gender difference in interpersonal conflict, which males experience more frequently than females (Hashimoto et al., 2005; Hashimoto, Yoshida, Yazaki, Moriizumi, Takai, & Oetzel, 2012; Taniguchi et al., 2005, 2006). Coping with interpersonal stressors is called interpersonal stress coping. That coping is associated with both mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and loneliness, and subjective well-being such as relationship satisfaction, job satisfaction and happiness (Kato, 2006b, 2007a, 2008). Interpersonal stress coping has three prominent types: positive relationship-oriented coping, negative relationshiporiented coping, and postponed-solution coping (Kato, 2000, 2003). Positive relationship-oriented coping involves efforts to actively improve, maintain, and/or sustain relationships. Negative relationship-oriented coping includes attempts to actively damage, disrupt, and dissolve relationships. Postponed-solution coping refers to efforts to patiently wait for appropriate opportunities such as changes or improvements in the situation. With respect to coping with interpersonal stressors in friendships during adolescence, positive relationship-oriented coping increases both relationship satisfaction and depression and decreases loneliness; negative relationship-oriented coping increases both depression and loneliness and decreases relationship satisfaction; and postponed-solution coping increases relationship satisfaction and decreases both depression and loneliness (Kato, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006a, 2006d). Furthermore, gender differences exist in positive relationship-oriented coping, which females use more frequently than males, and also in negative relationshiporiented coping, which males use more often than females (Kato, 2000). A series of studies by Kato (2000, 2001, 2002, 2006a, 2006d) have examined interpersonal stress coping with a so1) This study was presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Social Psychology. 2) Hirokazu Taniguchi was at Doshisha University when this study was conducted. パーソナリティ研究 2019 第 27巻 第 3号 252–258


Monograph on the importance of early diagnosis of mouth breathing and its possible causes and consequences, through the creation of an illustrative folder.


A new affine invariant geometric functional for convex polytopes is introduced. Some new sharp affine isoperimetric inequalities are established for this new functional, which are extensions of Lutwak–Yang–Zhang's results on their celebrated cone-volume functional.


Variations of ozone concentration (O3) and intensity of solar radiation (ISR) near the earth surface with periods 3.1 (mu) at 6.2 min were observed. The ozone measurements were carried out with the help of special chemiluminescent ozonometer.


Abstract New genera of characoid fossil fishes are described on the basis of remains from the Maastrichtian El Molino Formation and the early late Paleocene Santa Lucía Formation of Bolivia, and the Mio-Pliocene Solimões Formation of Brazil. Comparisons with the Hepsetidae, Erythrinidae, Ctenoluciidae, Acestrorhynchidae, and the characid Hydrocynus allow the following conclusions to be made: the new Bolivian genus lacks some erythrinid synapomorphies but shows notable resemblance to the Acestrorhynchidae, particularly in the pattern of the replacement teeth. The Brazilian genus is included in the erythrinids.


MoS2 nanospheres were successfully prepared via a solvothermal process using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([EMIM]Br) in a mixed solvent of DMF–water. A probable [EMIM]Br aggregation in different mixed solvents and the formation mechanism of the MoS2 nanospheres are presented. The MoS2 nanospheres delivered high catalytic activity in hydrocracking of diphenylmethane.


Over the last century or so, English has become a global lingua franca. Today, English is the first language of 400 million people and the second language of as many as 1.4 billion (Millward & Hayes, 2012: 342). In addition, it is the language that is predominantly used on the Internet; 80% of homepages on the Web are in English, followed by German (4.5%) and Japanese (3.1%) (Millward & Hayes, 2012: 343). Needless to say, English serves as a medium of communication regardless of the speaker's first language. As English spreads globally, fragments of its lexicon also permeate native languages, enriching their lexicons. This paper is concerned with the use of English and its elements, including English-derived words, in contemporary Japan, especially within the discourse of 'Manners Posters', posters which promote good manners in public spaces, and advertising texts. These types of media display creative and innovative uses of English that interact with Japanese at various linguistic levels in the form of wordplay, communicating messages, sometimes even in the form of puns, to achieve particular ends in a given context. We will look at this phenomenon from the 'glocal' point of view – i.e., the mechanisms and effects of a fusion between 'global English' and local culture that create a localised or nativised taste of the global.


Abstract We reinvestigated by microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy the rotational spectra of the axial and equatorial isotopomers of piperidine and N-deutero piperidine. The rotational, centrifugal, and nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants were improved, the deuterium quadrupole coupling constants were determined. The principal coupling tensor elements for nitrogen were estimated.


The U.S. DOE`s Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) is responsible for ensuring protection of the public and the maintaining of national security while disposing of spent fuel and high-level waste. To meet a goal of integrating information for the program, the OCRWM`s Waste Acceptance Department is pursuing the development of a unified database (UDB) to eliminate duplication of effort and to expand the information base needed for waste acceptance. If the DOE is to accept spent fuel, it must have certain detailed information about the contents of each canister to meet the requirements within a material control and accountability (MC&A) system. The period over which this information is gathered may be very long, and a computer system is needed to track this information. The effort to unify these tasks is being done to meet the needs of a variety of functions within the OCRWM organizations using this information. The goal is to develop a single information system to support the data needs expressed by all OCRWM divisions and their supporting contractors. This paper describes the initial effort to define such a computer system. This system is intended to serve as an interface between waste acceptance operations and safeguardsmore » measures and to ensure compliance with both national and international standards. The provisions for verification in the standard contract as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR Part 961) require the OCRWM to institute procedures to ensure that spent nuclear fuel data are consistent with the descriptions provided when it is loaded. This process is the foundation on which the MC&A system is to be based. Because there may be some overlap between the verification requirements and the requirements established for MC&A, it is important that steps be taken to ensure that the verification and MC&A functions and activities are fully integrated with waste acceptance operations.« less


vious ones is that human rights have traditionally been presented in juridical terms. The universal declaration of human rights, for instance, looks very much like a legal document; and much work in the field of human rights has been aimed at developing codes or conventions both declaratory and also legally binding, e.g. the UN conventions. In contrast, the advent of the modern peace research movement although it is ideally interdisciplinary has coincided with the revolution of modern social science, with the most important contributions coming from sociology, and political science, to a lesser extent from disciplines like psychology, social anthropology, and economics. Much of the initial enthusiasm of peace research seemed to be founded on the promise of new theoretical orientations and new methods within these dis-


With rising ubiquity of software, its quality is becoming more and more important, but harder to achieve. Model-based testing (MBT) and agile development (AD) are the two major approaches to solve this dilemma. We analyze their operational conditions and investigate how MBT can improve AD and vice versa. We conclude that strongly integrating both is the most fruitful combination. The two key requirements on MBT for AD are flexibility and rapid delivery. They can be met by underspecifying the models that MBT uses. But for current MBT techniques, underspecification has an adverse effect on efficiency, coverage and reproducibility. We believe all three aspects will be improved by a new method called lazy on-the-fly MBT, which we currently research.


During the IDMS noble-metal demonstration runs ammonium nitrate deposition was found in the vessel vent system of the feed preparation area. In the bench-scale experiments of studying the hydrogen generation during the sludge treatment cycle, ammonium ion production was also monitored. It was found that: During a simulation of the DWPF Cold Chemical Runs SRAT cycle no detectable amount of ammonium ions was generated when treating a non-noble-metal containing sludge simulant according to the nitric acid flowsheet. Ammonium ions were generated during the SRAT-SME cycle when treating the noble-metal containing sludge with either formic acid or nitric acid/late-washing PHA. This is due to the reaction between formic acid and nitrate catalyzed by the noble metals in the sludge simulant. Ammonium ion production closely followed the hydrogen evolution from the catalytic decomposition of formic acid. This report summarizes the results of the production of ammonia during the SRAT cycle.


Abstract Results are derived concerning the spectral properties of an elliptic boundary value problem arising in the mathematical theory of magnetohydrodynamics which are of basic importance for the further development of this theory.


Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is an unconventional technology of machining that applies physical principles to material removal. The morphology of WEDM surface is characterized by a great number of craters caused by electrical discharges occurring during the process of cutting. The study deals with the evaluation of surface morphology of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V after WEDM as well as total height of profile Rt by means of mathematical and statistical techniques of fitting (estimation) of discrete probability distributions using pseudoquasi-norms under side moment conditions. Here, the new Freeman-Tukey pseudoquasi-norm is presented, the characteristics of which are based on an already studied term of quasi-norm'.


ABSTRACT Leaf anatomy (light and transmission electron microscopy, immunogold localisation of Rubisco) and physiology (C4 photosynthetic enzyme activities, CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance) were studied in lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf., cultivated in temperate climates (northwestern Italy). The leaf blade had an NADP-ME Kranz anatomy, with bundle sheath cells containing chloroplasts located in a centrifugal position. Dimorphic chloroplasts, agranal and starchy in the bundle sheath and granal starchless in the mesophyll cells, were also observed. Rubisco, as determined by immunolocalisation, occurred only in the bundle sheath chloroplasts. Pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK), NADP malic dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH), NADP malic enzyme (NADP-ME), PEP-carboxykinase (PCK), and NAD malic enzyme (NAD-ME) activities were also measured, indicating an NADP-ME C4 photosynthetic pathway. Some kinetic properties and chemicalphysical parameters of lemongrass NADP-ME and NADP-MDH as well as CO2 compensation point and stomatal conductance values confirmed these preliminary data. C. citratus appeared to be well adapted to the varying environmental conditions typical of temperate climates, by retaining high NADP-MDH and NADP-ME activities and a low CO2 compensation point.


Bloch's The Spirit of Utopia was indeed an inception, manifesto of a new thinking, the engaged reply of a young intellectual to an age of new beginnings. Bloch's inception remains an inception still today, many years after the appearance of this seminal and prophetic work a century ago. However, The Spirit of Utopia is not the first volume of Bloch's Gesamtausgabe, which has begun with Traces, instead. This 1930 book has not replaced the 1918/1923 book; rather, Bloch's oeuvre presents a twofold beginning, which is needed in order to ignite the inception, and to set it free from the binary logic of success/failure bound up with a particular historical and existential circumstance. The present paper tackles such a twofold beginning by following the intertwinement between The Spirit of Utopia and The Principle of Hope. This move allows to focus on those two features of Bloch's thinking (which was humble and pretentious at one and the same time) that Adorno deemed incompatible, stressing how these features are part and parcel of the very personality of Bloch, who has brought the difficulty of beginning, its persistent presence, and its insistence right at the heart of his thinking.


Logical form is thought to be discovered by keeping fixed the logical constants and allowing the non-logical content in the sentence to vary. The problem of logical constants is the problem of defining what counts as a logical constant. In this paper, I will argue that the concept 'logical constant' is vague. I demonstrate the vagueness of logical constancy by providing a sorites argument, thereby showing the sorites-susceptibility of the concept. Many prior papers in the literature on logical constants hint at this vagueness, but do not explore how theories of vagueness apply to logical constants. In the second half of this paper, I do just this. I consider approaches to logical constants that resemble nihilism about vagueness and more recent theories that relativize truth to precisifications. Finally, I argue that approaches that accept the potential indeterminate status of putative logical constants are preferable to nihilism or relativism about logical constancy.


Aim: The prevalence of obesity, nutrition habits and food consumption frequency in individuals was investigated. Methods: The study was carried out with a total of 51 individuals between the ages of 22-58. Data were collected by questionnaire about personal information, nutrition habits and food consumption frequency. • Results: The prevalence of obesity was found 13.9% in female and 13.3% in male. The waist circumference used to determine central obesity was found ≥94 cm in 80% of male individuals and ≥80 cm in 44.4% of female individuals. Conclusion: Adequate and balanced nutrition is important to maintain a healthy body weight. Low fat or fat free dairy and meat products are suggested. Legumes, un-purified grains, vegetable and fruit should be consumed in sufficient frequency and amounts to increase dietary fibre intake. Exercising is essential in sustaining a healthy and quality life.


'Knowledge of court' questionnaires were completed by 35 designated professionals (guardians ad litem) with specific responsibility for children in family proceedings in the civil judicial system within England and Wales who then estimated the percentage of 11-year old children, in general, which they would expect to provide a 'full', 'partial' and 'incorrect' answer to each question. These estimations were compared with normative data on this questionnaire obtained from actual 11-year-olds. This comparison suggests that guardians ad litem tend to overestimate the extent of such children's knowledge, implying that individual children may not be as well prepared for involvement with the legal system as such informed professionals might believe; such a tendency might render it less likely that easily corrected misconceptions and gaps in knowledge be identified and subsequently addressed, thereby failing to minimize the stress (e.g. fear of the unknown) which can often accompany contact with the courts. The possibility that the discrepancy between actual and estimated scores might be, in part, due to a failure in adults to adopt the 'psychological perspective' of the child in the unfamiliar world of the adult judicial system is discussed. Although this possibility requires further investigation, making an explicit effort to 'get into the child's shoes' is suggested as a potentially valuable and practical first step towards reducing such discrepancies. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As a recipient of an Ensemble Scholarship, I agree to the following: 1. Enroll in the appropriate ensemble course. 2. Attend classes regularly and on time. Unexcused absences, tardies, or combination of these will result in loss of scholarship assistance. 3. Attend all performances and extra-curricular activities of the ensemble. Ensemble scholarships are in the amount of $250 (for first year recipients), $300 (for second year recipients), $350 (for third year), or $400 (for fourth year and beyond) for the academic year. Students electing to study applied voice or who have extenuating circumstances may be eligible for more scholarship assistance. Please sign and date this agreement indicating your acceptance of the terms and return two copies.


Incubation experiments were used to study the geochemical controls on sediment reactivity and buffering processes during the injection of oxygen (O2) saturated reverse osmosis (RO) waters into a deep anoxic heterogeneous siliclastic sedimentary aquifer. Pyrite (20 – 100% reactive), sedimentary organic matter (SOM; 3 – 56%), and siderite (3 – 28%) were the main O2 reductants. Trace-levels of carbonate acted as a pH buffer, while a lower boundary pH of 3 indicated acid buffering by K-feldspar dissolution. The processes identified in the incubation experiments were used to formulate a kinetic reaction modelling framework that was able to reproduce the major ion composition during subsequent column experiments. These experiments showed that there was at least 2 orders of magnitude difference between reaction rates of the incubation and column experiments. However, the combined approach was useful for identifying and quantifying key geochemical reactions that affect the water quality evolution in represented field conditions and will serve as basis for the model–based interpretation of the operational field scale injection and recovery experiment.


It is very hard to write even small programs correctly the first time. An unfortunate but inevitable part of programming is the location and fixing of mistakes. OCaml has a range of messages to help you with this process. Here are descriptions of the common messages OCaml prints when a program cannot be accepted or when running it causes a problem (a so-called "run-time error"). We also describe warnings OCaml prints to alert the programmer to a program which, though it can be accepted for evaluation, might contain mistakes.


The study demonstrates the importance of grammar to Kurdish EFL students, clarifying the most common problems the English grammar lecturers encounter in their teaching process, helping teachers use the best-suited approach inside the class for the purpose of raising students' standards in English grammar as well as identifying the most effective strategies for teaching English grammar to Kurdish EFL students at university level. For this purpose, the following procedures were adopted: (1) a questionnaire of thirty items was designed for the English grammar lecturers in the English department from different universities in Kurdistan region. It includes open and closed questions about the importance of teaching grammar for Kurdish EFL students, the best-suited approaches and strategies for teaching English grammar and as well as the problems and the difficulties that English grammar teachers encounter. (2) A class observation was designed by the researcher for the purpose of ensuring the credibility of the research paper. It includes fifteen items about the approaches and strategies that have been applied by the grammar lecturer during the process teaching along with the difficulties and problems that English grammar lecturers encounter during the process of teaching.The findings of the research study show that English grammar is an essential subject for Kurdish EFL students. Therefore, the best-suited approach as an eclectic approach with various strategies depending on students' different standards should be applied for teaching English grammar.


AbstractWhole mount in situ hybridization studies were performed to investigate the expression pattern of the homeobox gene Hex (also knownas Prh) during early stages of chick embryogenesis. At the time of laying, cHex transcripts are detected in Koller's sickle and the forminghypoblast. During gastrulation (HH stage 4), cHex is expressed in anteriorly-displaced hypoblast cells. At stage 6, cHex transcripts areobserved within endoderm in an anterior arc that overlaps the cardiogenic region. Later cHex expression is observed within pharyngealendoderm immediately adjacent to the forming myocardium, in the endocardium and in the liver and thyroid gland primordia. cHextranscripts are also detected within blood islands beginning at stage 4, and in extraembryonic and intraembryonic vascular endothelial cellsas vessels form. 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reservedKeywords: Angiogenesis; Blood islands; Chicken; Endocardium; Hex; Homeobox; Hypoblast; In situ hybridization; Koller's sickle; Liver;Mesoderm; Myocardium; Pharyngeal endoderm; Prh; Thyroid; Vascular endothelium


Use of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct to Pain Control Following OPCAB: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study Jeffrey L. Horswell MD, Michael J. Mack MD, Donna A Bachand RN PhD, Luis Michelsen MD, Tina Worley RN BSN CCRC Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether use of dexmedetomidine leads to improved clinical outcomes in immediately extubated, post-operative off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) patients. Patients and Methods: 24 patients scheduled for elective OPCAB consented to participate in the study. Patients who were previously selected for epidural analgesia or who had elevated serum creatinine levels were excluded. Fifteen minutes prior to extubation, patients were prospectively randomized in a double-blind fashion into one of two groups: Group 1 (n=12) received an 18 hour infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.2 to 0.7 μg/kg/hr. Group 2 (n=12) received an 18 hour infusion of normal saline. All patients received a standard anesthetic consisting of propofol, sufentanil, vecuronim, and desflurane. Post-operative pain was managed with ketorolac and morphine. Total morphine use was recorded. Hemodynamic monitoring, incentive spirometry volumes, visual analog scale pain ratings, activity, and anxiety levels were recorded every 2 hours for 18 hours post-operatively. Results are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Student's t-test was used to test the difference in means between the two groups. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate changes across time intervals. Results: Mean narcotic use was 2.1 times greater in the placebo group (23.5 ± 20.7 mg) compared to the treatment group (11.4 ± 6.3 mg; p=.03). Time to achieving adequate pain control (VAS rating <35) was more rapid in the treatment group (6 hours vs. 8 hours). Although morphine doses were available on demand to all patients, those in the treatment group reported less pain at all time points. Patients in the treatment group were out of bed earlier (564 ± 361 vs. 292 ± 89 minutes; p=.03). There were no significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, or systemic oxygen saturation in either group. When hemodynamic data were analyzed by subject, no significant changes could be detected. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine provides effective post-operative pain control without untoward hemodynamic changes in immediately extubated OPCAB patients. Superior pain control can be achieved with minimal doses of narcotics. Objectives Determine whether use of dexmedetomidine leads to improved clinical outcomes in immediately extubated, post-operative off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) patients Patients and Methods • 24 patients were prospectively randomized in a double-blind fashion and scheduled for elective/urgent OPCAB. • All caregivers were blinded to treatment arm. • Patients who were previously selected for epidural analgesia or who had elevated serum creatinine levels were excluded. • Fifteen minutes prior to extubation, patients were randomly selected for one of two groups: • Group 1 (n=12) received an 18 hour infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.2 to 0.7 μg/kg/hr • Group 2 (n=12) received an 18 hour infusion of normal saline. • All patients received a standard anesthetic. Induction Maintenance Sufentanil 15-20 μg Sufentanil 10-15 μg/hr Propofol 50-100 mg Desflurane titrated to a BIS of 50-60 Vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg Vecuronium titrated to 1/4 twitch • All patients were extubated in the operating room. • For post-operative pain management, patients received ketorolac 30 mg followed by 15 mg IV every 6 hours for 6 doses. 15 minutes prior to extubation, the study infusion was begun at a dosage of 0.5 μg/kg/hr. • The study drug was adjusted within the range of 0.2 to 0.7 μg/kg/hr to achieve a visual analog scale (VAS) value < 40 on a 100 mm scale. Breakthrough pain was treated with morphine 2 mg every 5 minutes until the VAS was < 40. • Clinical monitoring recorded every 2 hours for 18 hours post-operatively • Hemodynamic values • Incentive spirometry volumes • Visual analog scale pain ratings • Activity and anxiety levels. • Results are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Student's t-test was used to test the difference in means between the two groups. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate changes across time intervals. Results • Mean narcotic use was 2.1 times greater in the placebo group (23.5 ± 20.7 mg) compared to the treatment group (11.4 ± 6.3 mg; p=0.03) Graph 1 No difference in preoperative risk factors by treatment group


Objective To explore influential factors relating to life quality of the middle and aged people in cities under the new situation of market economy.Methods 277 people older than 45 years were selected randomly in Wuhan.Factor analysis was applied.Results Four main factors,including mental health,social behavior,biology and spiritual life health were gengerated.The contribution of variance were 40.00%,29.00%,15.00% and 3.40% respectively.Conclusions In the new era,it should be paid more attention that the factor of mental health and social behavior show more influence than biology on life quality of the middle and aged people in cities.


Infant colic, or excessive crying in an otherwise healthy infant, is common, although the cause(s) are not known. This study aimed to determine whether parental migraine is associated with infant colic.


The Greer Archive has been made available due to its historical and research importance. Statements which form part of the collection are not made on behalf of the University and do not represent the University's views. It contains material that some researchers might find confronting. This includes: explicit language and images that reflect either the attitudes of the era in which the material was originally published or the views of the creators of the material but may not be considered appropriate today; names, images and voices of deceased Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in published and unpublished printed material, audio recordings and photographs; graphic descriptions of medical conditions and treatment.
The Correspondence with Libraries series in the Germaine Greer Archive comprises 3 units of material, primarily seeking permission to reproduce library collection material (see also the Permissions series, 2014.0053) and organising visits to, speaking engagements at, and membership of libraries. Greer s position on the board of the London Library (held at 2017.0004.00045) and her involvement with the British Library Regular Readers Group s protests about the new British Library building at St. Pancras (held at 2017.0004.00011 and 2017.0004.00012) are also well-represented in the collection.
The 79 files in this series include handwritten and typed correspondence, printed emails, faxes, postcards, and photo reproduction forms. Photocopies and transcripts of manuscripts and secondary resources testify to the series relationship with the Women and Literature Series (2014.0047), with the last six files in the series originally part of Women and Literature. The series also contains the volume The Letters of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, ed. Jeremy Treglown, published in 1980, with Greer s own handwritten annotations (held at 2017.0004.00037).
Greer has a sustained and even reverential relationship with libraries and archives. In her own words, Libraries are reservoirs of strength, grace and wit, reminders of order, calm and continuity, lakes of mental energy (Daddy, We Hardly Knew You, 70). This series provides clear evidence of this via Greer s retention of numerous pieces of library-related ephemera, including library cards dating back to 1966 (held at 2017.0004.00045), and informational pamphlets and brochures and readers rules from many of the libraries she visited.
The series also holds copies of journals and magazines produced by libraries, including an incomplete run of The Female Spectator, published by Chawton House Library, (issues held are 4.2, 4.4, 5.1, 7.1, 'Summer 2002', 'Autumn 2002', 8.1-8.2, 9.1-9.2, 10.1-10.4, 11.1, 11.3, 12.1-12.2, 12.4, 13.1-13.3, 14.3, 15.1-15.4, 16.1-16.3), and several issues of Upfront, the journal of the friends and supporters of the State Library of New South Wales (issues held are 3.3, 6.1, 9.4, 10.1).


Objective To study the application of high frequency electroscalpel in advanced lung carcinoma resection. To evalute the long term effect. Methods Fifty-eight patients were performed by electrogenerator Ⅱ, which were incomplete resection. Results Postoperative 36 patients whose mediastinal lymph nodes incompletely resected were conformed by pathological evidence, which were 62% (36/ 58). Postoperative 55 patients, chemotherapy and radiotherapy 17 patients, chemotherapy 38 patients. Two year survival rate is 63.6% (35/55). Conclusion Using high frequency electroscalpel to electrocoagulate remaining carcinoma tissues, to some extent, which reached the aim of relative resection. This method increase the survival time of Lung carcinoma patients.


Laboratory studies have been made of the duetting behaviour of the bush cricket Platycleis albopunctata and related to the natural behaviour of this species in the field. Sound transmission and attenuation in grassland habitats has been investigated briefly. Duets between caged males usually commence with a phase of chirp alternation in which each insect produces chirps at half the normal rate. Generally duets resolve into interactions in which one insect sings close to the normal solo rate while the other sings intermittently, interrupting chirps such that the species-specific temporal pattern of the songs of both insects is obscured. The lack of precise alternation and the development of this dominance-subordinance relationship is consistent with a 'territorial' dispersion pattern in the field where males are usually beyond the range of mutual acoustic interference.


The Adomako case has certainly stimulated some very erudite discussion on the subject of manslaughter. On the pages which follow, Lord Williams and Ann Curnow give their opinions, both as to what the law is and to how it may be interpreted. Both put their point of view with consummate skill and clarity. It would be foolhardy to attempt to contribute anything to that question. There is, however, a tangent along which it might be interesting to travel. The law and legal processes exist to serve society and it is doubtful whether society has been well served by the Adomako judgment.


In the year 2004 the Project has been started in Istanbul, ancient Constantinople. The Project is named the Marmaray Rail Tube Tunnel and Commuter Rail Mass Transit System. The Project provides an upgrading of the commuter rail system in Istanbul, connecting Halkalι on the European side with Gebze on the Asian side with an unin the systematic excavations the secret history of the city came out. Mainly, from Archaic terrupted, modern, high-capacity commuter rail system. During Greek to Classical Greek and Hellenistic, Late Roman and Byzantine eras were emerged site by site. All archaeological remains are well-preserved that repeating the history of the city and its peninsula with ancient harbours, ships wrecks and their goods. The Project has very significant importance both archaeological and anthropological data. In the Anatolian side, ancient name Scudari, Uskudar station excavation the archaeologist reported an apsidal form of a probable monastery. In this apsidal form there have been 80 individuals found out. They are dated Late Romans and Byzantine era. Among these individuals one of the adult female probably 30-35 years old has been observed as a dwarf. The post- cranium of the individual did not have any pathological forms and her extremities were very regular whereas the height of the skeleton was calculated according to Pearson was only 1.39 cm.


Growing B-spline model of curve approximation exploits local control of B-spline which leads to efficient approximation of complex curves, even with higher order B-splines. Approximation is carried out progressively (growing) in this model which is another factor for efficient approximation. Control points are adjusted / re-positioned in each iteration of approximation based on error between two curves. Proposed method can avoid any need of parameterization and complex computations. Proposed growing model can be applied with any degree of B-spline curve.


Cold mitigation mechanism at seedling stage is a primary requirement during Boro season as seedlings are raised during months of November and December. This study was conducted at the Sylhet Agricultural University's Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering lab in Sylhet during the 2018-19 academic year. The focus of this study is to mitigate the biotic and abiotic effect on germination and mat-type seedling growing during the Boro season. A two-factor design with three replications was used in the experiment. As abiotic stress control factors, six treatments were taken under two different thicknesses (0.04 mm and 0.08 mm) of white polythene sheds that covered day time only (12 hours) and day and night time (24 hours). Along with that two fungicides (Atavo and Autostin) and MoP fertilizer were used to control biotic stress on young seedlings raised in a plastic tray. Agronomical characteristics were measured in two intervals (after 15 and 30 days). The combined effect of 0.08 mm thick polythene shed and MoP treatment showed the highest value for seedling height (167.3 mm), a number of leaves (4), leaf length (99.8 mm), stem length (73.5 mm), and seedling density (18/cm2). Fungal infection was found lowest in 0.08 mm polythene covered day and night time. Seedling raised plastic trays are much more effective than the conventional way in terms of germination and quality. So, 0.08 mm thick white polythene was recommended as a covering mechanism and MoP as a treating mechanism for seedlings rising in cold weather of the Sylhet region.


This work presents the results of a spectroscopic study in the optical and near infrared region of the symbiotic star Hen 1761. Relative fluxes and radial velocities of emission and absorption lines are obtained on the basis of low, intermediate and high resolution spectra. Our observations show that this scarcely studied object underwent very important spectroscopic variations in the interval 1990-1995. The observed variations are quite similar to those of symbiotic stars where accretion events on a hot dwarf are responsible for an eruptive behavior. Some of the physical parameters of the system are derived.


The use of samples based on cell free foetal DNA [cff-DNA] in criminal cases (paternity test) in the future will be inevitable need. The cases related to forensic identification or other criminal cases are predicted to continue to rise. To overcome these problems, a practical solution would be the use of non-invasive techniques with samples derived from cell free foetal –DNA. The use of this material is expected to help the process of forensic identification (paternity test) to assist law enforcement in Indonesia. The research has used cff-DNA in the context of a paternity test with a short tandem repeat combined DNA System/STR-CODIS. Cell free foetal DNA in the maternal circulation is promising new hope for forensic identification in cases of paternity.


Objective To optimize the formulation of berberine bydrochloride liposomes by Box-Behnken design and investigate its physical-chemical properties. Methods Berberine hydrochloride loaded liposomes were prepared by film dispersion-p H gradient method. Phospholipids to cholesterol ratio( X1),drug-to-lipid ratio( X2),p H( X3) and temperature( X4) were selected as independent variables,and the entrapment efficiency( Y1) particle size( Y2) and drug loading( Y3) as response variables. A Box-Behnken Design for four factors at three levels was used in this study. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading was determined by cation exchange resin-mini column centrifugation. Dynamic light scattering was used to study the particle size. The appearance and shape of the liposomes were also researched through transmission electron microscope.Results In the optimized formulation,the optimal phospholipids to cholesterol ratio was 3. 38∶ 1,drug-to-lipid incubation ratio was 22 ∶ 1,pH was 6. 88 and temperature was 58 ℃,respectively. Conclusions This study shows that the Box-Behnken design method can efficiently and precisely be applied for the modeling of berberine hydrochloride loaded liposomes.


Abstract This report discusses the development of a simulation model of an aircraft landing gear describing its typical non-linear behaviour. The development of the design tool -which correlates the actual design parameters with the performance of the gear- is a part of the research project that investigates the estimation of the nonlinear dynamical system, which an aircraft landing gear is. This project is a joint effort by the Eindhoven University of Technology and DAF Special Products. The non-linear parts of the simulation model are implemented in the general purpose multi body program DADS, which is based on time integration procedures.


Pulse width modulated (PWM) DC/DC converters, as typified by the transistor switching regulated (TSR) power supply treated in this paper, can be simulated by modeling each diode and/or switching transistor as a two-valued resistance. In this way, the power supply is represented as a sequence of strictly linear circuits, each having the same topology but with its two-valued resistances determined by the corresponding on-off states of its diodes and transistors. We can compute the startup behavior and periodic response of such power supplies in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of each of these linear circuits in sequence. What is more, we can also obtain directly the overall state transition matrix from which, in turn, we can predict the open loop characteristics of the entire power supply. This information is vital to the design of feedback networks that provide stable regulation.


A series of oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. All these synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antimicrobial against four Gram positive bacteria, four Gram negative bacteria and four fungal strains in DMSO and DMF.


Description of a derivative temperature compensating calorimeter. The derivative thermal analysis results (using one sample with high speed cycling) and the compensating analytical calorimeter (directly quantitative) results are combined in this apparatus. Discussion of the performance of this apparatus is illustrated with some examples.


Abstract This paper suggests that role stressors (role ambiguity, conflict and overload) influence emotional exhaustion both directly and indirectly through their effects on negative mood. Fifty-three instructors in the military (M age = 30.8 years) completed questionnaires at the end of each work day for between 10 and 20 workdays (M= 17.8 days). Path analyses showed that only role overload exerted a direct effect on emotional exhaustion, that mood mediated the effects of both role overload and role ambiguity on emotional exhaustion, and that role conflict exerted neither direct nor indirect effects on emotional exhaustion. The model obtained using daily data was replicated using cross-sectional data. These results provide an innovative way of understanding the effects of role stressors on emotional exhaustion, and suggestions for further research are offered.


The ability to think critically is an essential skill and becomes one of the primary goals in college. A person who can think critically will be able to use appropriate criteria to evaluate an argument. There must be clear evidence and accompanied by a plausible explanation. This study aims to investigate students' critical thinking skills in determining an argument. The subject is the students of mathematics education program at one private university in Pasuruan, i.e., 31 students. Then, some students who have unique answers are selected to be interviewed further about their critical thinking ability to an argument. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Based on the results of a written test of 31 students, there is one student who has a unique answer. The answer is different from other students, so from the results of these tests, the student is selected for the further interview. The findings of this study highlighted that the student can mention arguments with the accurate reasons and has a potential to have the ability to think critically. Keywords— argument, Critical Thinking Ability


Abstract
 The North American creosote bush (Larrea tridentata, Zygophyllaceae) is a widespread and ecologically dominant taxon of North American warm deserts. The species is comprised of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid populations, and touted as a classical example of an autopolyploid taxonomic complex. Here we use flow cytometry and DNA sequence data (non-coding cpDNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA) to evaluate spatial and evolutionary relationships among cytotype races, as well as the origins of the species from its South American ancestors. We find the geographic distribution of North American cytotypes to be highly structured, with limited co-occurrence within populations. Diploids reside only in the Chihuahuan Desert, as reported in previous biosystematic surveys, but tetraploid and hexaploid populations interdigitate along the margins of the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts. In phylogenetic analyses, North American plants comprise a monophyletic grouping that is sister to the South American diploid species, L. divaricata. North American populations exhibit genetic signatures of rapid demographic expansion, including a star-shaped genealogy, unimodal distribution of pairwise haplotype differences, and low genetic structure. Nonetheless, polyploid cytotypes are consistently distinguished from diploid cytotypes by a cpDNA indel character, suggesting a single origin of tetraploidy in the species. These findings suggest a recent origin of the North American creosote bush via long distance dispersal, with establishment of polyploid populations accompanying its rapid spread through the Northern Hemisphere.


We have achieved superior performance on multiple generations of the fastest supercomputers in the world with our hashed oct-tree N-body code (HOT), spanning almost two decades and garnering multiple Gordon Bell Prizes for significant achievement in parallel processing. Execution time for our N-body code is largely influenced by the force calculation in the inner loop. Improvements to the inner loop using SSE3 instructions has enabled the calculation of over 200 million gravitational interactions per second per processor on a 2.6 GHz Opteron, for a computational rate of over 7 Gflops in single precision (700/0 of peak). We obtain optimal performance some processors (including the Cell) by decomposing the reciprocal square root function required for a gravitational interaction into a table lookup, Chebychev polynomial interpolation, and Newton-Raphson iteration, using the algorithm of Karp. By unrolling the loop by a factor of six, and using SPU intrinsics to compute on vectors, we obtain performance of over 16 Gflops on a single Cell SPE. Aggregated over the 8 SPEs on a Cell processor, the overall performance is roughly 130 Gflops. In comparison, the ordinary C version of our inner loop only obtains 1.6 Gflops per SPE with the spuxlc compiler.


Three new hypogean Ephippiochthonius species from karst caves of Abkhazia (Western Caucasus) are described, including detailed diagnoses and illustrations: Ephippiochthonius kovali sp. nov., E. vargovitshi sp. nov. and E. dbari sp. nov. These are the first cave-dwelling species of the genus described from the Caucasus. The taxonomic significance of the position of the intermediate setae ih3 and ih4 on the antiaxial side of chelal hand in the genus Ephippiochthonius is discussed. Based on this and other features, the heterogeneity of the tetrachelatus-group is demonstrated. Given the presence of seta ph3, the following new combinations are proposed for the species formerly assigned to Ephippiochthonius: Occidenchthonius kemza (Ćurčić, Lee et Makarov, 1993) comb. nov. from Pecina u Kozuvarskoj Glami Cave, Serbia and Occidenchthonius romanicus (Beier, 1935) comb. nov. from Comana, Romania (all ex Ephippiochthonius).


FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to foundry engineering. The mixture contains the moulding sand filler, nonorganic salt and iron oxide. Nonorganic salt is selected from the group comprising sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and their mixtures in quantity from 0.25 wt % to 5.0 wt % of the moulding sand filler weight. Iron oxide is selected from group comprising red iron oxide, black iron oxide and their mixtures. EFFECT: reduced creation of cutting-outs. 20 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex


The aurora borealis and aurora australis are beautiful space weather driven events whose sighting is typically based on luck given that forecasting is not spatially or temporally precise. To help increase the accuracy and timeliness of auroral forecasting, we have designed a multi-faceted system called Aurorasaurus. This system allows crisis management specialists to test reactions to rare event notifications, space weather scientists to get direct sighting information of auroras (complete with pictures), and science education researchers to evaluate the impact of educational materials about the aurora and the physics surrounding this unique phenomenon. Through manual tweet verification and directly reported aurora borealis or aurora australis sightings, everyday users help make space weather and aurora forecasting more accurate.


The massive expansion of online services and mobile applications in recent years means that many of Europe's traditional telecoms operators must reassess their business structures to remain viable. Jonathan Liebenau, Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood and Patrik Karrberg look at the challenges now faced by telecoms operators in Europe, and argue for both operators and regulators to look further into new economic and pricing models based on emerging relationships with alternative content delivery networks.


Campaigns, pollsters and political scientists increasingly rely on voter registration lists and consumer files to identify targets for contact, and as sampling frames for surveys. However, a sizable proportion of the U.S. citizen population does not appear on these lists, making them invisible to list-based campaigns and research.  We examine this population after matching respondents to the face-to-face component of the 2012 American National Election Study to voter and consumer files. We make comparisons on numerous survey items while controlling the overall false discovery rate, to avoid capitalizing on chance. We find that at least 11% of the adult citizenry is unlisted, including 1 in 5 Blacks and Hispanics, but just 8% of Whites. The unlisted are more financially vulnerable and have markedly lower levels of political engagement than the listed and are much less likely to report contact with candidates and campaigns. Yet, the unlisted have coherent policy preferences that tend to the left of listed respondents: they reported favoring Obama over Romney 73-27 and just 14% identify as Republicans. We find that if unregistered and unlisted people voted at comparable rates to registered people with the same level of interest in politics, both the 2000 and 2004 Presidential elections would have been won by Democrats.


Charged spinor matter field is quantized in a spatial region bounded by two parallel neutral plates. The most general set of boundary conditions ensuring the confinement of matter within the plates is considered. We study a response of the vacuum of the confined matter to the background uniform magnetic field which is directed orthogonally to the plates. It is proven that, in the case of a sufficiently strong magnetic field, the vacuum pressure onto the plates is positive and independent of the boundary condition, as well as of the distance between the plates.


Abstract Throughout Africa, contemporary boundaries are deemed 'artificial' because they were external impositions breaking apart supposedly homogeneous ethnic units. This article argues that the problem with the colonial borders was not only that they arbitrarily dissected African societies with European interests in mind, but also that they profoundly changed the way in which territoriality and authority functioned in this region, and therefore they affected identity. The presumption that territories could be constructed in which 'culture' and 'political power' neatly coincided was influenced by European ideas about space and identity, and privileged the perceptions and territorial claims of those ruling the most powerful centres in the nineteenth century. Thus, this article questions assumptions that continue to influence contemporary views of the Lake Kivu region. It shows that local understandings of the relationship between space and identity differed fundamentally from state-centred perspectives, whether in precolonial centralized states or colonial states.


From an embryologic point of view, certain diseases of the oral and nasal mucosa are logically related to those on the cutaneous surface. A common ectodermic origin brings affections of these structures in closer relation to each other than with the diseases of the deeper digestive tract which originates from the entoderm. Furthermore, eruptions of the oral cavity are objectively demonstrable, and not infrequently they are a part of the clinical picture of a cutaneous eruption. Specialties in medicine frequently overlap, and borderline conditions are encountered which may pertain to general medicine, surgery or to the branch which has devoted particular attention to a certain class of affections. The implication of the mucous membranes in the acute exanthems is almost invariable. The pharyngeal congestion in scarlatina and the Koplik spots in measles aid materially in diagnosis before the skin eruption appears. To review the literature of mouth eruptions and to


Polyurethane-elastomer material was synthesized with an aim to determine the influence of the polyurethane chemical structure as well as of the length of the linear chains between cross-linking points on properties in such systems. Polyurethane elastomers were obtained from polyurethane prepolymers with a mixture of the diol or/and glycerin. The polyurethane prepolymers were synthesized from 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate and polyesters with molecular weight of about 2000. These polymers had improved properties and have formed flexible films with well stress-strain properties. This effect was explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between urethane groups, independent of the polyurethane linear chain length, physical networks, which control the molecular mobility. By contrast, the chemical nature of the cross-linker precursors strongly influences the mechanical properties and glass transition. We report the synthesis of the cross-liked polyurethane elastomers and study its properties, the influence of the nature and length of the hydrocarbonate chain of the various micro glycols on the thermal and mechanical characteristics. The chemical cross-linking process decreases the soft segment crystallinity and increases stress properties. Investigation of these properties showed that the elastomers could be tailor made in order to fulfill industrial needs.


Background: The present retrospective study was done with 11 children having cubitus varus following supracondylar fractures to access the stability of modified domeosteotomy and its fixation with k-wires in older children. Methods: 11 children, 7 males & 4 females were included in the study. The osteotomy was performed through posterior approach. The triangular wedge rotated inside the notch was inherently stable and also fixed with k-wires. Patients were followed at regular intervals. K wires were removed at 6 weeks and the physiotherapy started . Results: The correction obtained under vision was well maintained post operatively in 10 out of 11 cases. In only one case there was back out of k-wires and loss of correction. 5 cases had excellent result followed by 4 good and one fair result. Conclusions: Modified dome osteotomy performed through posterior approach and fixed with k-wires gives good results. Removal of the k-wires is simple. However, in children above 14 years plate fixation might be better to prevent loss of correction.


In this paper, we consider the following quadratic (ρ1, ρ2)-functional equation where ρ1, ρ2 are fixed nonzero real numbers with ρ2 ≠ 1 and 2ρ1 +2ρ2 ≠ 1, in fuzzy normed spaces.
Using the fixed point method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic (ρ1, ρ2)-functional equation (0.1) in fuzzy Banach spaces.