, Abstract Background and Aims: Patients presenting with nonhematemesis GI bleeding (NHGIB) represent a diagnostic challenge for physicians. We performed a randomized controlled trial to assess the benefits of deployment of a video capsule soon after admission in the management of patients presenting with melena, hematochezia, or severe anemia compared with standard of care management. Methods: Patients admitted with NHGIB were randomized and placed into 1 of 2 study groups. In the experimental group, patients ingested a video capsule soon after admission to the hospital. These patients had further endoscopic workup based on the findings from the capsule. Patients in the control group underwent endoscopic evaluation (ie, upper endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, and/or colonoscopy) to identify the source of bleeding as directed by the attending gastroenterologist's interpretation of their clinical presentation. The primary endpoint for this study was the rate of localization of bleeding during hospitalization. Results: Eighty-seven patients were included in this study: 45 randomized to the standard of care arm and 42 to the early capsule arm. A bleeding source was localized in 64.3% of the patients in the early capsule arm and in 31.1% of the patients in the standard of care arm (P < .01). The


Objective: To investigate MRI manifestations of Wallerian degeneration and improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods: The MRI findings of Wallerian degeneration in 27 cases were analyzed in association with the primary intracranial lesions. Results: Hyperintensity regions on T 2WI were demonstrated in the ipsilateral corona radiata, posterior limb of internal capsule, cerebral peduncle and ventral pons in 7 patients 15 to 24 weeks after the primary insult, and atrophy of the ipsilateral brainstem was demonstrated in 20 cases 1.5 to 7 years after the primary insult. Conclusion: MRI is valuable in the diagnosis of Wallerian degeneration.


The views expressed in this commentary are those of the author and not necessarily of the au-thor's organization or of the Institute of Medicine. The commentary is intended to help inform and stimulate discussion. It has not been subjected to the review procedures of the Institute of Medicine and is not a report of the Institute of Medicine or of the National Research Council. The United States has the most technologically advanced health care system in the world. Although we spend far more on health care than any other country in the world, we perform poorly on many health measures, such as life expectancy and infant mortality, compared with countries spending much less. This leads one to wonder why the return on our $2.5 trillion investment in health care in the United States is not better. It is estimated that hundreds of billions to $1 trillion or more goes to waste annually— health care spending that does not contribute to the well-being of patients. 1 The Less Is More series launched by the Archives of Internal Medicine in May 2010 is intended to educate physicians on how to identify and thus avoid such wasteful care. The series was inspired by a conversation between Deborah Grady, deputy editor, and me after the release of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) report concluding that mammography for women between the ages of 40 and 50 posed more harms than benefits. The negative reception to this evidence-based report made us realize that the medical profession needs to communicate the basis for its recommendations more effectively, particularly when these recommendations seem to reverse previous advice. The Less Is More series highlights areas of health care for which there are no known benefits and definite harms. We have seen interest in and submissions to this series steadily increase as the nation grapples with the best way to promote evidence-based care while reducing care with no net benefit. Examples of such medical care abound, particularly in the areas broadly described as " early detection " of disease, such as cancer screening programs and subclinical cardiac disease screening. The negative response to the most recent USPSTF report on prostate-specific antigen screening illustrates how difficult it is for patients and physicians to accept that a test or program that has previously been touted as beneficial actually has been found to cause more harm than good. Such reception is …


Through the journey of the main character, Pi, he learns so many important life lessons and things he can use later on in life. The film shows that while he does go through some very difficult and challenging times, that he does not quit, or give up and has the willpower and the faith to persevere even if at times everything looks absolutely hopeless. By relying not only on himself, but a higher power he is giving this endurance and strength to keep going and even during the most agonizing and stressful of times, he still has that perseverance and does not give up. It shows us that through life's trials often something very good comes out of it.Pi learns to depend on God's sustenance and provision even when God seems absent and distant.


systems based on biomacromolecules were presented in this Research Topic. New proposes were physiochemically detailed, their biocompatibility was con fi rmed and their antibacterial activity was tested against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Mansouri et al. obtained an optimal niosomal formulation that exhibited controlled drug release for the antibiotic streptomycin sulfate, with the highest encapsulation ef fi ciency but a minimum size and low polydispersity index. Sun et al. explored a novel temperature-sensitive hydrogel-based on a dual sustained-release system prepared by mesoporous silica (SBA-15) loaded with the antibiotic vancomycin hydrochloride (Van). These Van/SBA-15 particles were encapsulated in a chitosan-glycerophosphate-sodium alginate hydrogel (CS-GP-SA) showing the controlled release of VAN for the treatment of infectious jaw defects. In the same fi eld, Wiggers et al. obtained chitosan fi lms crosslinked with quercetin for the controlled delivery of the antibiotic trimethoprim. Their results showed that quercetin increased the crosslinking degree in a dose-dependent manner, thus in fl uencing the release kinetic of the loaded antibiotic while maintaining its bactericidal effects.


The article aims to study particular aspects of such phenomenon, as the national security of the Russian Federation. The part is criminological security of the Russian education system. The author gives a definition of the concepts of subject and object of criminological security of the Russian education system, provides examples of objects and subjects, givestheir classification.


Top performance in volleyball comes as a result of specific physiological, kinesiological, psychological, and environmental influences of both natural and social surroundings. The purpose of this study was to examine the social and economic features of the Greek women's national volleyball team, in order to identify which of the above factors distinguish and promote top female athletes. The study sample involved 18 female volleyball athletes, who were active members of the national team for on average 4.7±2.6 years. The athletes' mean age was 23.4±3.1 years, athletic age 10.6±3.2 years, and training age 11.4±2.4 years. The study was conducted by using a special questionnaire about the athletes' socio-economic features. Specifically, the athletes' family and social environment, the impact of their family and social environment, and their profession and financial staus were recorded and assessed. The frequency analysis showed that in the female athletes' families, boys never outnumbered girls and they were ...


Although some public school administrators have almost always been involved in the planning and development of these external testing programs, the primary initiative for most of them has come from groups of colleges and from scholarship donors. The work of local administration of the programs, however, has fallen largely on the shoulders of school principals and superintendents not directly involved in the original planning and determination of policy. Because the future educational opportunities of their students were involved, school administrators could hardly decline to participate. But they could—and some did—protest audibly the imposition of these added duties in an operation they had not planned and about which they had some serious reservations.


Knowledge about factors modulating germination and emergence processes makes it possible to design predictive models, a useful tool for weed management decisions. For this purpose, several experiments have been done to study the germination behabiour of Portulaca oleracea and to model the emergence of the weed in the field. Results indicate that: Seeds of Portulaca oleracea, Zavalla biotype, exhibits a strong dependence irradiance for germination to proceed under any thermal regime, whether alternate or constant. Recently dispersed seeds do not exhibit dormancy and they have a high viability (ca.90%). Cardinal temperatures are: Base Temperature (...) C; Optimum Temperature (...) C; and Maximum Temperature (...) C The weather threshold is -1,13 MPa. Total field emergence-span is completed at about 200 HGDD (Hydro growing degrees). Validated field emergence model provides a very reasonable prediction on the dynaniics of seedling emergence~ It is considered robust enough for timing in case the application of postemergence herbicides or for making decisions regarding the persistence of soil-applied herbicides in no-till corn or soybeans crops.


The women who can make a difference in setting a health research agenda and a health care agenda for women-in the universities and medical schools, in research laboratories and institutes, and in hospitals and 'examination rooms-are clearly at the right conference at the right time. The recent decision by Doctor Bernadine Healy, Director of the National Institutes of Health, to review NIH-funded research programs and procedures with an eye toward ending the exclusion of women from research studies is long overdue. It is also a tribute to you-and the influence you and your colleagues have at last begun to exercise in the medical research arena. That influence is an outgrowth of political power, in the immediate sense, your political power, and in a more extended sense, the growing political power of women generally. I was asked to talk about the positive and negative effects of "political intrusion" on women's health. Let me phrase my basic premise this way: politics has a positive effect on women's health, as in the case of the NIH decision, it is not "intrusive" for women but rather, expressive of women's genuine interests. We all live and work in a political environment. For instance, which items on the agenda for today's symposium are not political: perinatal treatment and infant mortality? Not when there is a direct connection between poverty, lack of access to health care, and low birthweight. How about reproductive hazards in the workplace? Not when "fetal protection" policies have been adopted by major employers in a clearly discriminatory fashion. For example, in 1991 the Supreme Court found that the fetal protection policy of Johnson Controls, the nation's largest auto battery manufacturer, violated the rights of women workers. What, after all, is the justification for saying, as Johnson Controls did, that women should not work in auto battery manufacturing because of possible exposure to lead, when lead exposure also poses reproductive hazards for men? And what about the availability of RU-486 in the United States? Not much political content there! What I'm driving at is best summed up in an expression that I borrowed from a Texas colleague of mine, Jim Hightower: Either you're in politicsor you're in trouble. And for too long, despite our role as the primary consumers of health care and our role as the primary decision-makers on the health care of our families, women have been in trouble. Let's look more closely at just one set of items on today's agenda-the issues of prenatal treatment and infant mortality. These are issues of paramount importance to me, politically and personally. Major portions of the borough I represent, East and Central Harlem, have rates of infant mortality


Children whose spelling retardation is associated with reading retardation differ from children with retardation in spelling alone in the ways in which they tend to misspell words, suggesting that there are different reasons for these misspellings. The results imply that underlying at least some cases of spelling plus reading retardation is a more generalized language deficiency, but the mechanism(s) underlying the spelling-only retardation remains unclear.


【This research was designed to examine the dietary habits and unbalanced diet of middle school students by gender and region. The survey was conducted using questionnaires on dietary habits and unbalanced diet administered to 726 students (urban: 367, rural: 359). The obesity index using BMI showed that the largest proportion of girls was 'underweight' in both regions, which showed a significant difference by region (p】


Abstract: Incubation of cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells with p‐chloromercuribenzoate (50–500 μM), a sulfhy‐dryl‐reacting agent, caused an increase in the secretion of catecholamines. p‐Chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, a p‐chlo‐romercuribenzoate analogue that poorly penetrates the cell membrane, caused a similar increase in catecholamine secretion. In both cases, catecholamine secretion was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Furthermore, p‐chloromercuribenzoate caused both 45Ca2+ influx into the cells and an increase in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. The increases in catecholamine secretion and 45Ca2+ influx behaved similarly in relation to p‐chloromercuribenzoate concentration. The time courses of the increased secretion, 45Ca2+ influx, and intracellular free Ca2+ concentration by p‐chloromercuri‐benzoate were also quite similar. The stimulation of cate‐holamine secretion by p‐chloromercuribenzoate was reversed by washing the cells with dithiothreitol‐containing medium, but not by dithiothreitol‐free medium. When the cells were treated with p‐chloromercuribenzoate, dopamineβ‐hydroxylase, an enzyme present in the chromaffin granules along with catecholamines, was also released. However, p‐chloromercuribenzoate did not cause release of phenyletha‐nolamine‐JV‐methyltransferase, an enzyme present in the cytoplasm. These results indicate that catecholamine secretion due to p‐chloromercuribenzoate occurs by Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis.


FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: invention provides for manufacturing of items from gypsum-containing suspensions, in particular the ones including water and ground alpha-hemihydrate, having distribution of particles by size in the following range: d(0.1)=approximately 3 micrometre - 5 micrometre; d(0.5)=approximately 14 micrometre - 50 micrometre; d(0.9)=approximately 40 micrometre - 100 micrometre and Blaine specific surface from approximately 3100 cm 2 /g to approximately 9000 cm 2 /g. The following are characterised: gypsum wall board, gypsum-containing suspension and method of wall board manufacturing. EFFECT: increased speed of hydration, reduced water demand of suspensions, increased strength of produced items. 24 cl, 7 dwg, 2 tbl, 7 ex


Objective: To inquire into the hereditary type of one familial hereditary cataract pedigree and the development pattern of ablepsia.Methods: On the bases of family pedigree investigation,the patient had 10 years of clinical follow-ups.Results: Positive results were obtained from the investigation.(1) This cataract pedigree proves to be a dominant autosomal inheritance;(2) The onset features and development pattern are: lens opacity did not affect sight seriously at the early age,but after the patient came of age,his conditions deteriorated rapidly,and when the patient was in mid age,he lost sight due to cataract and required cataract extraction;(3) This case conforms to bilateral and stationary onset features in zonular cataract.Conclusion: In line with the presenile onset features of this type of cataract,the patient in stationary phase,should seek medical advice for prevention,have periodic clinical follow-ups,and have medication to postpone development of the illness when he reached adulthood,so as to delay early blindness due to cataract.


This study was carried out in Apa Dam Lake between January 2001 and December 2001. Characteristics of sexuality status, age groups, growth and reproduction as well as condition factor of Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) population, which inhabits this dam lake and is of economic importance, was investigated. The age composition of Cyprinus carpio samples were determined to have ranged from I to VIII. Sexual distribution proved to be 41,83 % for females and 43,02 % for males. Minimum fork length of this species was found to be 138 (mm), minimum weight 51 (gr), maximum fork length 525 (mm), and maximum weight 2724 (gr). The highest agespecific number within the population was observed in age group III, whereas the lowest one was in age group VII. Minimum and maximum condition factors were found to be 1,69 in age group VI and 2,26 in age group III, respectively. As far as the seasons are concerned, minimum condition factor was observed 1,84 in July, whereas the maximum one was 2,17 in June. Sexual maturity age was found to be III in the males and IV in the females. Reproduction period was determined to be June and July. GSI values based on the months ranged from 1,64 to 18,78. Fecundity has increased, rising from the age group IV to VIII.


As per the current environment conditions Marathwada is said to be drought zone in Maharashtra. There are eight districts in Marathwada such as Aurangabad, Osmanabad, Latur, Nanded, Beed, Jalna, Hingoli, and Parbhani in that district I have selected Osmanabad district MIDC area for studying environmental soil conditions in irrigated and non irrigated area for identifying causes in soil and due to industrial wastewater and analyzing changes takes place in properties of soil due to industrial wastewater high temperature, poor rainfall and identifying technique to improving soil quality.


This study defines a time-frequency transform (TFT) covering Gabor transform (GT) and wavelet transform (WT) and presents two inversion formulas for the TFT. By one of the inversion formulas, we find a new inversion formula for the WT, which suggests a new more general wavelet definition free from the conventional admissibility (e.g. zero integration). This study also develops a concept of normal TFT for precise time-frequency analysis, as we show that the normal TFT is unique in unbiased explication of the immediate frequency, amplitude and phase of a time harmonic. The GT should be updated (i.e. normalized) in phase to become a normal TFT, because it does not explicate the immediate but initial phase of a time harmonic. The WT should be written in L1-norm to become a normal TFT, as the non-L1-norm WT of a time harmonic yields a frequency-biased spectrum. Finally, we show how to measure the frequency resolution of a normal TFT.


The magnetization strength and the magnetic susceptibility of the ferromagnetism crystal are solved by the Ising model.The method of slope comparison is used to analyze the parameter value which directly affects the magnetizing orientation.Influence mechanism of weak extra magnetic field for steady state magnetizing parameter is discussed.The results show that it has two stable orientations and one instable orientation when extra magnetic is weak and it is similar without the extra magnetic.Two curves of N+ and N-change with the weak extra magnetic all intersect in the left side of coordinate and the zero point of magnetization strength is left shift when the mean field takes the lower value.Two curves of N+ and N-change with the weak extra magnetic all intersect in the right side of coordinate and the zero point of magnetization strength is right shift when the mean field takes the higher value.Magnetic susceptibility decreases with the strengthening of the extra magnetic field.Magnetic susceptibility increases with the increasing of temperature.


The shooting side of the business is only 25 percent of the trouble and the other 75 percent lies in getting the people of this country behind us.- British General Gerald Templer, Malaya, 1952'Having someone who can speak Arabic is like having another infantry battalion.- U.S. General John Mattis, 1st Marine Division, Iraq, 20082One of the greatest surprises in the debate over the so-called New World Order in the final decade of the twentieth century was how the concept of empire won an astonishing new respectability. The word "empire," which for decades had possessed a negative connotation (especially in American usage), increasingly took on a positive resonance - and not just among journalists.3 For theorists and policymakers, the notion of a "good empire" once again became thinkable: empire as a multicultural, flexible form of power operating across vast distances that could promote (if not guarantee) human rights, development, order, and prosperity.4 In order to justify the use of force, however, this concept "good empire" required both the development of a suitable new form of warfare and a reformulated narrative legitimation of this warfare.5In the post-Cold War geopolitical environment, American debates over foreign interventions no longer pivoted around the old battle lines of internationalism or isolationism but increasingly around the politically sharpened concept of genocide prevention. In the United States, the belief that military operations could prevent or halt genocides led to an astonishing alliance of left-liberal humanitarian interventionism with neoconservative expansionism.6 On the one hand, neither the Cold War nor the conventional wars of the twentieth century provided usable models for the execution of "transformative invasions," which after 9/11 appeared to have become the norm.7 On the other hand, references to humanitarian objectives, human rights, American interventionism, and United Nations mandates were not enough to make sense of this new form of transformative invasion. Instead, this new form of warfare, combining humanism and Machtpolitik, had historical roots in a different, rather unexpected place: in the guerilla wars of late European colonialism, which took place from the late 1940s through the early 1960s.The goal of this essay is to analyze how American and Western European armies have appropriated the operational and conceptual arsenal of European late-colonial warfare and adjusted it to suit their current political objectives. This reception and adaptation of late-colonial approaches to how war is fought, we argue, takes place both in the operational conduct of current Western military interventions and in the portrayal of these wars before a national and international public. Identifying the structural parallels between late-colonial wars and current Western interventions helps to explain why some of today's most important military theorists and planners find themselves attracted to the strategies deployed by European powers during the latecolonial wars.In the decade since 9/11, the formula of "learning to eat soup with a knife" (often attributed to Lawrence of Arabia) has become a watchword for the adaptation of Western armies to the altered demands of what at first was called the "Global War on Terror" but which is now more commonly referred to as the "Long War."8 In addition to homegrown American traditions originating with presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, the idea of conducting military-led missions against barbarism, injustice, and underdevelopment has roots in European colonialism.9 Proponents of a systematic appropriation of European late-colonial war experiences criticize the inadequate strategy, tactics, and doctrines of conventional Western armies in combat with guerilla armies in Third World regions. They call for an institutional and political learning process, in which Western democracies integrate their military, development, and propaganda machineries into innovative apparatuses capable of bringing a lasting end to insurgencies - less through firepower than through development programs and aid. …


Fungus gnats and shore flies can cause direct and indirect damage to plants. Marilyn Steiner explains the difference between these two nuisance flies, and updates treatment options, including effective biocontrols.


An airbag upon collision of automobiles must finish expanding at the time when the occupant arrives at the surface of tlie expanded airbag from the normal position and it must receive the body softly. Either an early or late expansion reduces the effect. Determination of the optimal timing for triggering the airbag is quite important. But i t is a difficult job, due to the time delay in the bag filling with gas after the collision. This paper will focuse on the airbag technology concemed with finding the optimal trigger timing and will present a new and straightforward algorithm to determine this timing by introducing the concept of the prediction. The algorithm first predicts how an occupant will move in a time corresponding to a delay time and then using this predicted information the airbag will trigger so as to compensate this delay in its operation. The algorithm determines the timing only from the acceleration measured by one sensor set i n the automobile and is composed of the following four basic processing blocks; Kalman filtering lo estimate the acceleration of the occupant and jerk from the noisy measured acceleration. Filtering to estimate the velocity and displacement of the occupant. Prediction of the velocity and displacement of the occupant after collision. Judgement to trigger the airbag from the above estimated and predicted variables by using neural networks. Simulations of the various conditions were carried out and the results demonstrated the validily of tlie algorithm.


The purpose of the meeting at the Bethesda Hyatt today is to showcase the accomplishments of the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and to discuss plans for an extension of the initiative.


In Japan, public funding for HPV vaccination began in 2010 for girls aged 13–16 years (birth cohort years 1994–1997) and women born in 1994 who turned 25 in 2019. We aimed to verify the long‐term effectiveness of the bivalent HPV vaccine in women aged 25 years. Subjects were women aged 25–26 years who underwent cervical cancer screening and HPV testing in Niigata from 2019 to 2020 (birth cohort years 1993–1994). Information on vaccination status and sexual behavior was obtained from a questionnaire and municipal records. We compared the HPV infection rates of the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Of the 429 registrants, 150 (35.0%) and 279 (65.0%) were vaccinated and unvaccinated, respectively. The average period from HPV vaccination to HPV testing was 102.7 months (8.6 years), with a median of 103 months (range 92–109 months). The HPV high‐risk infection rate was 21.3% (32/150) in the vaccinated group and 23.7% (66/279) in the unvaccinated group (P = 0.63). The HPV16/18 infection rate was 0% (0/150) in the vaccinated group and 5.4% (15/279) in the unvaccinated group, showing a significant difference (P = 0.0018), and the vaccine effectiveness was 100%. The cross‐protective type HPV31/45/52 infection rate in the vaccinated group was significantly lower than that in the unvaccinated group (3.3% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.013). There was no significant difference in the mean age at sexual debut and the number of previous sexual partners between the two groups. We have demonstrated the long‐term 9‐year effectiveness of the bivalent vaccine against HPV infection for the first time in Japan.


Trusts often have the effect of undermining the social aims of the Property (Relationships) Act 1976. In the absence of legislative action, the courts have been sympathetic to a range of arguments aimed at accessing trust assets that would have been subject to division between the parties but for the trust. None of these judicial responses adequately addresses the current deficiencies of the Property (Relationships) Act or the potential detriment to trusts and their beneficiaries. This paper considers a range of potential reforms and argues that any reform should seek to strike a balance between the social aims of a relationship property regime and the right of owners to structure their property interests as they wish.


The approach to calculation of plate-beam systems by numerical and analytical method of boundary elements is proposed. The method consists in construction in analytical way a fundamental system of solutions, the Green's function and external load vector for the problem under consideration. Small system of linear algebraic equations to be solved numerically is constructed to take into account the boundary conditions or contact conditions between separate modules. The series of plate-beam system calculations by methods of boundary elements and finite elements at different geometric parameters of plate was performed to assess the limits of applicability of developed theory. The comparison of 45 variants calculations by both methods is shown.


: The traditional online interactive teaching platform for physical education courses is designed in classroom interactive teaching, but due to the teacher's leadership, students' interest in interaction is not high. Therefore, the design of an online interactive teaching platform for physical education courses based on cloud computing is proposed. The platform is designed from both hardware and software aspects. In the hardware design, the AFDHU-567121 model memory is used to store interactive teaching resources, and the HI3520RTSP processor is used to design and analyze the teaching platform server. In software design, the first step is to read and retrieve online teaching resources, followed by processing online teaching data based on cloud computing. Finally, through feedback from interactive data, the design of an online interactive teaching platform for physical education courses is achieved. In the experiment, the average user experience score of the experimental group among the five samples was 85.74; The average user experience score of the control group in the five samples was 58.32. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed platform can better meet user needs and provide a smooth interactive teaching experience.


MEGARA is the future integral-field and multi-object spectrograph for the GTC 10.4m telescope located in the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. INAOE is a member of the MEGARA Consortium and it is in charge of the Optics Manufacturing work package. In addition to the manufacturing of 73 elements, the work package includes the opto-mechanics i.e. the opto-mechanical design, manufacture, tests and integration of the complete assembly of the main optics composed by the collimator and camera subsystems. MEGARA passed the Optics Detailed Design Review in May 2013 and will have the Detailed Design Review of the complete instrument early 2014. Here we describe the detailed design of the collimator and camera barrels. We also present the finite elements models developed to simulate the behavior of the barrel, sub-cells and other mechanical elements. These models verify that the expected stress fields and the gravitational displacements on the lenses are compatible with the optical quality tolerances. The design is finished and ready for fabrication.


A set of prototype RF delay lines have been developed in order to meet the required bandwidth, delay accuracy, and delay range requirements for a previously developed 64 channel endoscopic phased array prototype. Each delay line is based on a planar PMN-32%PT pulse-echo transducer situated in a water bath, reflecting off a polished brass reflector. The pulse-echo transducers are mounted on individual in-house fabricated piezoelectric bimorphs, which are `simply' supported. This creates an electronic delay time proportional to the distance between the single-element transducer and the reflecting surface in the water bath. When the physical length between the transducer and the reflecting surface is changed, the delay time also changes. A variable high voltage signal causes bimorph actuation and, in turn, the variable delays. The experimentally measured centre frequency and bandwidth for the pulse echo transducers was 45 MHz and 60% respectively. The pulse echo insertion loss without considering water attenuation or loss into the brass reflector was measured to be -20.8 dB, therefore one single low-noise amplifier with 20 dB gain was required for each delay line to have zero insertion loss. The signal-to-noise ratio was only decreased by 1.1dB with this amplifier in place. The total delay range measured by adjusting the bimorph voltage by +/- 80V was 1.4 μs, and the accuracy/repeatability of the pulse delay was less than 3ns. To date 16 channels of individually controlled parallel delays have been fabricated and the fabrication/testing of a full 64 channel system is ongoing.


Until the end of World War II, life in Slovakia had been strongly influenced by Christianity. It was the basis for the development of models and patterns determining behavior, interpersonal relationships, and educational practice. Christianity was associated with a high level of solidarity and social feeling. The low mobility of the population strengthened these qualities and contributed to the growth of traditionalism, which still affects social life today. This had the following effects in relation to children and young people: —All family members were subordinate to the father as family head;


In this study the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with rectangular spiral reinforcement under monotonic loading is experimentally investigated. In this direction, three beam specimens with ratio = α d / 2.67 were constructed and tested in monotonic shear loading. The first specimen had common stirrups, the second one spiral transversal reinforcement and the third one spiral transversal reinforcement with favourably inclined legs. Based on the experimental results and the behavioural curves of the tested beams it is deduced that the specimens with continuous spiral shear reinforcement demonstrated 15% and 17%, respectively, higher shear strength than the beam with closed stirrups. Further, the beam with spiral transversal reinforcement with favourably inclined legs exhibited enhanced performance and a rather ductile response whereas the other beams showed brittle shear failure.


We have demonstrated structural differences between the mantle edge gland of young, adult and adult shell repairing snails. In vivo and in vitro, somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-immunoreactive substance (SSI) induce a juvenile status of the gland in adults and an activation of juvenile ones. These results suggest that they could regulate the growth and the repair of the shell and that the mantle edge gland might be considered as one of their tissue targets.


Nosocomial, or emergency clinic obtained, contaminations are viewed as the most well-known complexities influencing hospitalized patients. The point of this investigation was to recognize chance administration and survey potential clinic risks that may represent a danger to the wellbeing just as security and welfare of patients in an Iranian referral medical clinic. Obstructions to consistence and poor plan of offices, unreasonable rules and arrangements, absence of a structure for hazard the executives, inability to apply social change hypothesis, and lacking commitment and authorization by disease control work force feature the need of the board frameworks in contamination control in our clinic. What's more, observation and early detailing of diseases, assessment of hazard based intercessions, and generation of proof based rules in our nation are suggested.


We analyze the constituents stocks of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA30) and the Standard & Poor's 100 index (S&P100) of the NYSE stock exchange market. Surprisingly, we discover the data collapse of the histograms of the DJIA30 price fluctuations and of the S&P100 price fluctuations to the universal non-parametric Bramwell-Holdsworth-Pinton (BHP) distribution. Since the BHP probability density function appears in several other dissimilar phenomena, our result reveals an universal feature of the stock exchange market.


The basic idea of supply chain logistics and the importance of selecting an appropriatetransporter for manufacturers, under the supply chain logistics management, are studied.The AHP method is used to estimate the available transporters.


Hypertension is severe high blood pressure caused by a stressful lifestyle, in which the blood vessels have persistently elevated pressure, making it difficult for the heart to pump. Because of this increased pressure on the heart, the pressure on the blood vessels that supply the different tissues and organs of the body increases and can damage the corresponding organs. It is an early stage of pathogenesis and a risk factor for the development of diseases affecting, for example, the heart, brain, kidneys, etc. Many people with hypertension are undiagnosed for a long time or until diagnosed incidentally, so it can be considered a silent killer. About 1.13 billion people worldwide suffer from hypertension, so normalizing abnormally high blood pressure is a difficult task. In Ayurveda, systemic hypertension can be understood as the participation of vitiated Doshas, where Vata and Pitta are the dominant Tridoshas, which prevent the movement of these Doshas in the respective Srotas. The concept of Avarana (occlusion in Dosha functioning in a normal state) gives a better understanding of hypertension, which should be considered for better results in Ayurvedic treatment of diseases. Therefore, an attempt will be made here to understand hypertension from Ayurvedic concepts and to discuss the management of this condition from an Ayurvedic perspective.


A modularization remote mobile diagnosis platform comprises a mobile platform module, an internal network server module, an external network server module, a power supply module, a video image acquisition module, a physiological parameter acquisition module, a display device and an ultrasonic imaging module. The power supply module is mounted to the bottom of the mobile platform module, the internal network server module is fixed in the mobile platform module, the external network server module is fixed in the mobile platform module, the video image acquisition module, the physiological parameter acquisition module and the display device are mounted on the top of the mobile platform module in parallel, and the ultrasonic imaging module is fixed on the mobile platform module. The invention provides an interaction platform connecting remote experts, patients and doctors on warn round by networks, to provide reference data to consulation, the level of clinical decision and efficiency of ward round can be raised.


Submitted for the DFD09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Impact of Droplets on a Vertical Capillary Tube ALINE DELBOS, ELISE LORENCEAU, OLIVIER PITOIS, MICHÈLE ADLER, LPMDI, Université Paris-Est — We experimentally study whether it is possible to force liquid impregnation of a porous media using the kinetics energy of an impacting drop. We study impregnation at the local scale and only consider a unique pore, a vertical glass capillary tube with thick walls. The forced impregnation is achieved with droplet of water impacting with an initial velocity on the tube. We focus both on forced impregnation of hydrophilic or hydrophobic capillary tubes. For small impact velocities, the classical results of impregnation are recovered. For large impact velocities, we observe new regimes due to the initial kinetics energy of the droplet. In particular, a liquid index disconnected from the upper part of the drop, which spreads on the horizontal flat surface, is observed both for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic tubes. To quantify the efficiency of the forced impregnation, we answer the following questions i) what is the volume of liquid eventually trapped within the porosity? ii) How deep this liquid is located in the pore? Aline Delbos Université Paris-Est Date submitted: 31 Jul 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


These homes and telephone pole were along the north side of Moore Street between Hampton and Green Streets, Rock Hill, SC. They were damaged by the tornado of November 26, 1926.


This paper explores the causes of the collapse of the housing sector in Bangkok in 1997 and its impact on the financial sector and the economy of Thailand. With the liberalisation of the Thai economy and its integration into the world economy during the 1980s and the early 1990s, real estate companies gained access to US$-nominated off-shore loans at low interest rates. Because of the availability of cheap loans and the speculative demand for housing, financial institutions and real estate developers did not conduct market research and invested in doubtful projects, resulting in an enormous oversupply of housing. The close relationship between bankers, developers and politicians ensured that the government would bail out insolvent real estate companies and financial institutions. In 1996, exports fell and the economy stopped growing due to increased international competition. Unhedged foreign debts reached dangerous levels and speculative attacks forced the government to devalue the currency. Real estate companies and financial institutions would have collapsed without continued bail-outs by the government. However, the government's non-transparent policies eroded the confidence of the general public and international investors, resulting in capital flight and a serious financial and economic crisis.


The research featured the image of the "typical American" and "typical Chinese" as seen by Russian students of several Vladivostok universities. The reconstruction of ethnic stereotypes was performed using the methods of psychosemantics, e.g. verbal associations. The data were processed using mathematical statistics methods. The study revealed major differences in the representation of positive and negative personal qualities of the "typical Chinese" and "typical American", as well as in the contents of the association categories. Students' perceptions of the "typical American" showed both positive (sociability, activity, tact) and negative qualities (hypocrisy). The "typical Chinese" was often perceived as an unattractive, loud, and racist representative of a de-individualized mass. However, the "typical Chinese" was also described as a hard-working and moderately sociable person that lives in a Communist country with a vibrant traditional culture and modern industry. Americans were seen as much more individualized, as confirmed by quantitative and semantic analyses. The survey revealed superficial and mostly negative views of young Russians regarding the Chinese people. The authors believe that a more positive attitude has to be formed as China remains Russia's strategic partner


In the paper, for the first time, four distances for Circular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (C-IFSs) are defined. These sets are extensions of the standard IFS that are extensions of Zadeh's fuzzy sets. As it is shown, the distances for the C-IFS are different than those for the standard IFSs. At the moment, they do not have analogues in fuzzy sets theory. Examples, comparing the proposed distances, are given and some ideas for further research are formulated.


The condition of long-term homelessness has been demonstrated to affect a far smaller number of individuals compared with those who exit and become housed. It is nonetheless a pressing policy concern because of the high social and economic costs associated with prolonged homelessness. As with much homelessness research generally, gender is not adequately addressed, and frequently ignored, within analyses of 'long-term' or 'chronic' homelessness. This paper seeks to redress this imbalance and examines the experiences of women who have lengthy homeless histories based on the accounts of 34 women who are participants in a larger biographical study of homeless women in Ireland. Women's movements into and out of homeless service settings are examined in some detail, as are their accounts of the lived experience of prolonged homelessness. Their narratives reveal their mothering roles and identities, intimate relationships and intimate partner violence, and their ongoing interactions with institutional settings, including homeless hostels, as key dynamics influencing their movements and the strategies used by them as they attempt to manage their homelessness. We conclude by highlighting several gender-specific forces driving the women's experiences of unresolved homelessness. A number of key messages for policy are also discussed.


We describe systems of two and three nucleons trapped in a harmonic-oscillator potential with interactions from the pionless effective field theory up to next-to-leading order (NLO). We construct the two-nucleon interaction using two-nucleon scattering information. We calculate the trapped levels in the three-nucleon system with isospin T = 1/2 and determine the three-nucleon force needed for stability of the triton. We extract neutron-deuteron phase shifts, and show that the quartet scattering length is in good agreement with experimental data.


This paper presents a nonlinear finite element method to resolve the problem of the nonlinear contact between the drillstring and hole by using a Multi-directional Contract Gap Element(MCGE) contacting at approprizte positions in each beam element.The method was successfully applied to the Daqing Oil Field GP1 well.It was shown that the drillstring's contact resistance at any well depth could be obtained by calculations and that as the enor in the calculation of the hole top load is below 10%,the calculation result can provide theoretical basis for the design and operation of drillstrings.


Aerial surveys designed to detect trends in the abundance of harbor porpoise Phocoaa p h o c o m were conducted each autumn, 1986 through 1990. The number of porpoise seen per kilometer of survey effort was used as an index of abundance. Based on these surveys, an analysis of covariance was used to model porpoise abundance. Year was treated as a covariate, and factors which affected sighting rates were included as categorical variables. No significant changes were seen in the abundance of porpoise over the five survey years. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the power of the ANCOVA to detect trends in abundance. We conclude that the ability to detect trends is poor if traditional levels of statistical significance (a = 0.05) are used. A larger u-error may be appropriate in the management context of this species and increases the power to detect trends. Additional survey years similarly improve the power to detect trends. Based on the results of the simulations, we suggest that power should be defined to include only the detection of the correct trend when two-tailed tests are employed. Manuscript accepted 25 March 1991. Fishery Bulletin, U S . 89:367-377 (1991). Detecting Trends in Harbor Porpoise Abundance from Aerial Surveys Using Analysis of Covariance


Signal transducing adaptor protein‐2 (STAP‐2) is a recently identified adaptor protein that contains Pleckstrin and Src homology 2‐like domains as well as a YXXQ motif in its C‐terminal region. Our previous studies demonstrated that STAP‐2 binds to STAT3 and STAT5, and regulates their signaling pathways. In the present study, we find that STAP‐2‐deficient splenocytes or T‐cells exhibit enhanced cell adhesion to fibronectin (FN) after phorbol myristate acetate‐treatment, and that STAP‐2‐deficient splenocytes contain the increased protein contents of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Furthermore, overexpression of STAP‐2 induces a dramatic decrease in the protein contents of FAK and integrin‐mediated T‐cell adherence to FN in Jurkat T‐cells via the degradation of FAK. Regarding the mechanism for this effect, we find that STAP‐2 associated with FAK and enhanced its degradation, proteasome inhibitors blocked FAK degradation, and STAP‐2 recruits an endogenous E3‐ubiquitin ligase, Cbl, to FAK. These results reveal a novel regulation mechanism for integrin‐mediated signaling in T‐cells via STAP‐2, which directly interacts with and degrades FAK.


Background: Many health care systems track the HEDIS measures of Initiation and Engagement in substance use disorder (SUD) care. However, the impacts of setting of care (inpatient vs. outpatient) and health care specialty (SUD, psychiatric, other) on the likelihood of patients meeting the Initiation and Engagement criteria are unknown. If the vast majority of Initiation and Engagement occurs within SUD specialty clinics, then these quality measures could be used to discriminate among and incentivize SUD clinic managers. However, if the Initiation and Engagement criteria are satisfied in different settings and specialties, then they should be considered characteristics of the entire facility, rather than just specialty SUD units. Methods: Using a Markov model, the probabilities of advancing to treatment Initiation and Engagement given initial setting and specialty of care were estimated for of 320,238 SUD-diagnosed Veterans Health Affairs patients. Results: Patients in SUD specialty units progressed more often (diagnosis to Initiation, Initiation to Engagement) than patients in other specialties. Progression through the criteria differed for inpatients vs. outpatients. Approximately 25% of Initiation and over 40% of Engagement occurred outside of SUD specialty care.


A single laser beam brought to a focus with a strongly converging lens forms a type of optical trap widely known as an optical tweezer [1]. Multiple beams of light passing simultaneously through the lens' input pupil yield multiple optical tweezers, each at a location determined by its beam's angle of incidence and degree of collimation at the input pupil. The trap-forming laser beams form an interference pattern as they pass through the input pupil, whose amplitude and phase corrugations characterize the downstream trapping pattern. Imposing the same modulations on a single incident beam at the input pupil would yield the same pattern of traps. Such wavefront modification can be performed by a computer-designed diffractive optical element (DOE) commonly known as a hologram.


The present invention relates to a Doherty amplifier, wherein, for low output power level to achieve a new operating mode is added to the high-efficiency operation of the conventional Doherty amplifier to achieve high efficiency at various output power levels of the power amplifier. It adds the second multi-mode power amplifier of the Doherty mode size can be reduced to integrated into a chip.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of hospital organization structure, organization culture, organization conflict and the interrelation of influential factor in organization conflict. The data for this study were collected through a self-administered survey with a structure...


The studies of micromachined tunable capacitors in the world are summarized. Thesecapacitors are dielectric changed variable capacitors, overlap areas changed variable capacitors andgap changed variable capacitors. Among these, the representative structures are explained. Capaci-tance under zero voltage, quality factor and tuning rage are compared.


Surge is one of the main dynamic instabilities that limites the operation of centrifugal compressors. In order to avoid disastrous consequences caused by the surge and control the surge actively, a rapid surge detection technology is required. In this paper, a novel surge detection method based on the magnetically suspended centrifugal compressor (MSCC) using adaptive notch filter is proposed, and the structure of the MSCC system is presented. Moreover, a new judgment criterion for surge detection based on the estimated frequency signal of adaptive notch filter (ANF) is proposed. Experimental results on different MSCC systems show that the method can detect the surge several seconds before it develops into modified surge with no extra sensors and little priori knowledge of the pneumatics parameters of the system, which also demonstrate the rapidity and universality of the proposed method.


Peak effect has been studied in 2H-NbSe2 single crystals with splayed columnar defects introduced by 320 MeV Au irradiation. Through the magnetic relaxation experiments, correspondence between the peak effect and magnetic relaxation has been observed. However, by calculating the critical current density (J c) much before the first measurement using a SQUID magnetometer based on the relaxation rate S, it is found that the peak effect is present even at the very early stage of relaxation, indicating that it is caused by the magnetic field dependence of pinning force.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a long-life insulation mirror plate based on plasma spraying. The method comprises the following steps that 1, a substrate to be coated is subjected to acid pickling and degreasing and then is dried; 2, corona treatment is carried out on the substrate; and 3, coating powder is sprayed to the surface of the substrate through a plasma spraying method, wherein the coating powder comprises, by weight, 100 parts of titanium oxide, 30-32 parts of barium oxide and 10-12 parts of boric oxide. According to the scheme, the formula of the coating powder is brand-newly designed according to a plasma spraying technology, and can be well suitable for the plasma spraying technology, a compact spraying coating is formed on the surface of the substrate, high-frequency use of the insulation mirror plate can be guaranteed during hot pressing at high temperature and high pressure through the coating, no expansion or shrinkage happens, the surface is flat and resistant to wear, and no sinking happens.


Recently Auslander and Buchsbaum 3 have proved that every regular local ring is a unique factorization ring. This proof depends upon the following result of Nagata _1" If every vegulav local ving of dimension 3 is a unique fac$oriza$ion ring, then so is every regular local ring of any dimension (see 1, pp. 411-413). This theorem was proed independently by Zariski 2. Nagata proved this theorem by using homological method and ideas. The purpose of this paper is to prove anew this theorem by a purely ideal-theoretic method in a simpler way than in 1 and 2. Let (C) be an n dimensional regular local ring. Let m (C)u,-+-(C)u.+ +(C)u be the maximal ideal of (C), and (C)'--(C)X,X, ...,X be the polynomial ring over (C). Then m' =mX, X,...,X is a prime ideal of (C)'. Let (C)* be the quotient ring of (C)' with respect to m', then * will be n dimensional regular local ring, and m*-(C)*u+(C)*u+...+(C)*u will be the maximal ideal of (C)*. In the following, we shall use , 5, p, q, etc. to denote ideals in (C), and * 13", t* * q etc. to denote ideals in (C)*. We note the following well-known lemma without proof (see, for example, 4). Lemma 1. We have *--. (ii) If p is a prime ideal in (C),then so is (C)*p in (C)*, and if q is p-primary, then (C)*q is (C)*p-primary. Moreover rank p--rank (C)*. A less familiar lemma is: Lemma 2. Let v*--uX+uX+.. +uX, then v* is an element of a minimal base of m*. Moreover, (C)*av* holds if and only if


In 2015 we celebrate the International Year of Light (and light-based technologies), acknowledging the fact that human existence is strongly dependent on light, providing food and safety from the earliest times. We are also acknowledging its role at the forefront of modern technology and innovation, as we strive to capture, understand and harness light energy. It is light that carries information from the depths of our visible universe to where we can collect and analyse it. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST for short) is a 'time machine', showing us distant objects as they looked in the past when the universe was far younger.


The problem of improving quality of higher education arose long ago. Many higher education institutions have been working at this issue since last century, developing innovative ways to improve quality of education. Since today's approaches and spheres of assessment are different, the solution to the problem is rather complicated. After Russia's joining the Bologna process, quality of higher education became rather a pointed question. Participation in the process does not imply obligatory standardization of higher education, but it shows intention to compare higher education in different countries. Comparability of educational systems is based both on actions linked to changes of higher education structure (introduction of twolevel education, credit system, etc.) and measures defining education quality (quality control, using new education standards, introducing innovative methods of students' preparation and Learning Management System). This article considers the way to improve higher education quality via innovative teaching methods. Besides, the article introduces an overview of active and interactive teaching methods, integrative teaching approaches, examples of their implementation when teaching business subjects, and some statistics of using the methods described.


The uniformly asymptotic stability of a class of retarded difference-differential equations is proved by use of the second method of Lyapunov and by constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals.


Abstract In this paper, we comment on a 4 year-old boy with a complex and large suprasellar arachnoid cyst extending to the adjacent temporal lobe. Its successful decompression using a unilateral endoscopic approach (confirmed on post-operative imaging) and excellent clinical recovery, highlights this as a useful technique to manage such cases.


Postpartum depression is most common public problem which occurs during postpartum period. If it was unrecognized and undiagnosed it may affect the health of the mother. With this present study was designed to study the prevalence of postpartum depression and identify the influence of selected demographic, personal and child factors on postpartum depression. A differential design was used to compare mothers with postpartum depression and mothers without postpartum depression during postpartum period. A convenient sample of 164 postpartum mothers were selected randomly in the Viajayanagar district of Karnataka state. A self- structured interview schedule to elicit the demographic information and personal characteristics about mother and the infant was used. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) by Cox et al. [1] and Socio-Economic Status (SES) by Aggarwal et al. (2005) were also used for the study. The results of the study revealed that overall prevalence rate postpartum depression was 42.70 per cent (70 out of 164). Mothers between 31 to 35 years had higher odds of risk (OR=3.02, 95%CI =0.1.18, 7.68) of having postpartum depression and mothers between 25 to 30 years had (OR=0.77, 95%CI =0.36, 1.66) 0.77 times risk of having postpartum depression. There was a significant association found between age of the mother and postpartum depression. The factors associated with postpartum depression were age of the mother, mothers age at marriage, number of years of marriage, occupation of the mother, size of the family, gender of the infant, mode of breast feeding and age and birth weight of the child. There is a need to design the suitable intervention programmes to eliminate the such contributory factors which can substantially help to improve the emotional well-being of women in the vulnerable postnatal period.


The spaceborne LiDAR dataset from the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) provides highly accurate measurements of heights for the Earth's surface, which helps in terrain analysis, visualization, and decision making for many applications. TanDEM-X 90 (90 m) and CartoDEM V3R1 (30 m) elevation are among the high-quality openly accessible DEM datasets for the plain regions in India. These two DEMs are validated against the ICESat-2 elevation datasets for the relatively plain areas of Ratlam City and its surroundings. The mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) of TanDEM-X 90 DEM are 1.35 m, 1.48 m, and 2.19 m, respectively. The computed ME, MAE, and RMSE for CartoDEM V3R1 are 3.05 m, 3.18 m, and 3.82 m, respectively. The statistical results reveal that TanDEM-X 90 performs better in plain areas than CartoDEMV3R1. The study further indicates that these DEMs and spaceborne LiDAR datasets can be useful for planning various works requiring height as an important parameter, such as the layout of pipelines or cut and fill calculations for various construction activities. The TanDEM-X 90 can assist planners in quick assessments of the terrain for infrastructural developments, which otherwise need time-consuming traditional surveys using theodolite or a total station.


Waveguides with high contrast of refractive indexes between the core and the cladding, usually present considerable scattering losses in the imperfections of the core walls. A possible solution to solve this problem can be the stratification of the core, through the process of segmentation using materials with different refractive indexes. In this work, the vectorial beam propagation method (VBPM) is applied in the analysis of segmented waveguides with quasi-periodic sequences. The structure has intercalated refractive indices along the propagation direction and to obtain a quasi-periodic distribution along the direction of propagation, the Fibonacci sequence was used. In this case, the non-periodicity of the sequence was applied in order to reduce scattering losses caused by imperfections in the walls of the guiding region. Two models of dielectric waveguides were studied. The first to be analyzed was a rectangular waveguide of pure silicon immersed in a silicon dioxide substrate. Then, it was analysed a rectangular waveguide of pure silicon with a silicon dioxide substrate, and an overlay of a photoresist, known as SU-8, was deposited on this basis. The procedure for analysis is based on the propagation of the transverse modes of the structure along the guiding region, considering the power variation and the dispersion of the sequenced guide. The results were obtained using a computational platform with code written in FORTRAN 2008 in conjunction with the PYTHON programming language. The results show a good response in the distribution of modes, which results in less power loss due to imperfections in the sidewalls of the guide core. According to the results, it was found that the use of the proposed waveguide presents lower insertion losses, decreases the contrast between the refractive indexes of the core and the cladding and exhibits a linear dispersion. Key-words: Dieletric Waveguides, Segmented Guides, SWG, VBPM.


ABSTRACT Edward Wilson's career plans were changed by a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. This diagnosis is reviewed as are the 'allergies', hypothermia, vitamin C deficiency and other medical conditions encountered by Wilson between 1901 and 1912. Edgar Evans' death on the return from the South Pole and a possible infective cause, is discussed.


Tree-LSTMs have been used for tree-based sentiment analysis over Stanford Sentiment Treebank, which allows the sentiment signals over hierarchical phrase structures to be calculated simultaneously. However, traditional tree-LSTMs capture only the bottom-up dependencies between constituents. In this paper, we propose a tree communication model using graph convolutional neural network and graph recurrent neural network, which allows rich information exchange between phrases constituent tree. Experiments show that our model outperforms existing work on bidirectional tree-LSTMs in both accuracy and efficiency, providing more consistent predictions on phrase-level sentiments.


Introduction The attributes of 1800 ryegrass plants removed from North Island hill country aredescribed and the implications for oversowing discussed. Morphology was varied but the mean of the population was prostrate and densely tillered, resulting in dense pastures under intensive grazing. Although morphology was not related to the site of plant origin, agronomic response to low nitrogen and moisture stress was. Plants from north-facing steep areas responded least to application of nitrogen or water indicating a low relative growth rate. A probable survival mechanism for moisture-stressed plants is reduced vegetative growth and increased seed set. Response to moisture stress was found to be heritable. In moderate-high fertility steep sites total ryegrass production has not increased after oversowing new cultivars. It is assumed that this is a reflection of the number of niches available for ryegrass exploitation. Our studies show that the strength of existing ryegrass is its genetic diversity and its ability to exploit the various niches present in hill country. The growth and expansion of these ryegfass populations should be actively encouraged. In niches below the optimum for rycgrass growth new species should be introduced. Ryegrass has been an integral part of hill country pastures sincethefirstbushburnoversowings. Pastures that have not undergone any renovation for the last 50 years still have a large ryegrass component. An option for improving hill pasture productivity is to replace these resident ryegrass plants with new improved ryegrass cultivars. These have been principally produced with some specific seasonal or special attribute in view, largely used on high fertility dairy farms, whereregularpasture renovation is required. None have been specifically bred for use in hill country, and little research has been undertaken to document the characteristics of resident hillryegrassnecessaryformakingimprovements (Forde % Suckling 1980; Wedderbum et al. 1989a, 1990). This paper reviews the results of 5 years' work conducted at the Whatawhata Research Centre describing the attributes of ryegrass plants removed from old hill pastures and discusses the implications this information has to the pasture management decisions of the future. Origin of Whatawhata Hill Ryegrass Collection


A mismatch of different material properties may cause stress singularities, which lead to the failure of the bonding part in joints. It is very important to analyze a stress singularity field for evaluating the strength of interface in three-dimensional joints. Thermal residual stresses occur in a cooling process after bonding the joints, and the stress singularity for thermal stresses also occurs. In the present study, a boundary element method and an eigen value analysis based on finite element method are used for evaluating the intensity of stress singularity. Three-dimensional boundary element program based on the foundamental solution for two-phase isotoropic body is used. The strength of interface in two kinds of Si-resin specimen with different bonding area is investigated analytically and experimentally. Stress singularity analysis for acting a delamination force to the specimen is firstly carried out. After that, stress singularity field for the residual stresses varying material property in resin with temperature is determined. Combining the stress singularity fields for the delamination force and the residual thermal stress yields a final stress distribution for evaluating the strength of interface. Finally, the strength of interface in three-dimensional joints was determined as 0.0914-0.133 MPa·m0.68.


Brain medical images are generally prone to noise and also fraught with intensity heterogeneity within the tumor. Fuzzy and boundary discontinuity caused by the tumor also adversely affects the accuracy of the tumor segmentation. A method based on morphological structuring element map modification and marker-controlled watershed segmentation is proposed. Firstly, a structuring element map is constructed according to the sum of the weighted variance of the specific regions within morphological gradient image, and each value of the structuring element map represents the size of structuring element (SE). Secondly, the original image is modified by morphological opening-closing, where the size of SE are determined by the structuring element map in the corresponding pixel, such an adaptive image modification can eliminate the noise and small regular details while preserve the larger object contours without less location offsets. Finally, marker-controlled watershed transform is used to complete the tumor segmentation. Experiments show that the method ensures brain tumors are more accurately segmented.


Dr. Richard Smith is a Reader in ELT and Applied Linguistics at the University of Warwick, UK. He is also Deputy Chair of the A.S. Hornby Educational Trust and 'Key Concepts' editor of the ELT Journal. He co-founded the Teaching English in Large Classes (TELC) network (http://bit.ly/telcnet-home) with Dr Fauzia Shamim in 2008 – it now has around 2,000 members internationally. In recent years, he has given workshops and been involved in projects with teachers from Cameroon and Chile as well as Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan with a focus on issues connected with teaching in difficult circumstances, including at the NELTA conference in 2013 and two Hornby Regional Schools in Kathmandu, in 2013 and 2014. This is the interview our NELTA ELT Forum member, Laxmi Pd. Ojha took with Dr. Smith virtually.


ABSTRACT For the quantitative identification of rock behavior in shallow tunnels, we recommend using the rock behavior index (RBI) by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). AHP can aid engineers in effectively determining complex and un-structured rock behavior utilizing a structured pair-wise comparison matrix. FDM can assist them to overcome the uncertainty in the expert judgment. Rock behavior types are categorized as rock fall, cave-in, and plastic deformation. Seven parameters influencing rock behavior are determined: uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), rock quality designation (RQD), joint surface condition, stress, ground water, earthquake, and tunnel span. They are classified into rock mass intrinsic, rock mass extrinsic, and design parameters. An advantage of this procedure is its ability to obtain each parameter's weighting. We applied the proposed method to the basic design of Seoul Metro Line 9 and quantified the rock behavior into RBI on rock fall, cave-in, and plastic deformation. The study results demonstrate that AHP can give engineers quantitative information on rock behavior.


The ceramic membrane was obtained on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy by adopting XRay,diffractometer,scanning electronic microscope and Energy Disperse Spectroscopy and microhardness tester to analyze the features,structure and property of the membrane,besides it was subjected to erosion test in 20%H2SO4 solution.The results suggest that,the bonding between the ceramic membrane and the substrate is excellent,with micropores forming on the surface,similar to volcano.It is composed of rutile and anatase.Compared with the substrate,its hardness and erosion resistance is improved.


��� Many British historians and educationists have examined the rise of the 'new' history in English schools in the 1960s and 1970s, and the debates and criticisms this provoked in the 1980s. 1 The introduction of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) in 1986, and the moves towards the National Curriculum at the end of the decade, spurred the thorough politicization of the aims, content and methodology of school history. Yet British historians have thus far neglected to remark upon a near-identical, near-simultaneous debate in France, where politicians and the press were equally concerned that school history was no longer passing on a unifying sense of national identity to pupils. I therefore intend in this article to go beyond strictly insular descriptions of the school history debates in England. Instead, I shall juxtapose the processes of reform in 1980s England and France to explain why the 'traditionalist' reaction in France, carried


A one-dimensional model of fox-rabies of two nonlinear partial differential equations of hyperbolic type is studied. Finite difference techniques are applied to compute the numerical solutions of the initial/boundary value problem. The convergence of the resulting schemes, which have a second order accuracy in space and time, is investigated. The method is tested for different values of advection rate; numerical and graphical results showed that the method is consistent with the dynamic behaviour of fox-rabies.


Accelerated expansion of healthcare informatics has been inspirational to further innovations in the associated technical areas. Sophisticated diagnostic imaging equipments are generating detailed medical images corresponding to various imaging modalities. These are usually rich in radiological content and the associated file sizes are large. From this data, to identify and extract the region of interest (ROI) relevant to the clinical user with specificity of patient health information is critical to accurate diagnosis. Also the doctors prefer imageprocessing solutions that have the scope for integrated, interactive and subjective evaluation of radiological information. Based on these observations, a method to code ROI by prioritized combination of diagnostically significant bitplanes has been presented. This method has applications in the areas of image compression, storage, retrieval and structured reporting of medical data.


The ability to monitor rates of protein synthesis is important in understanding protein equilibrium and perturbations induced by disease and experimental conditions. Insight into the rates of protein synthesis will report on the tightly-regulated proteome, rendering a physiopathological snapshot of cells and tissues. As such, there exists many tools for studying the rates of protein synthesis. Despite the wide range of current probes on the market, these probes are faced with many limitations. To overcome the challenges that limit the current methods for monitoring the rates of protein synthesis, we describe the development of a phenylalanine analogue containing the heavy metal isotope tellurium that is amenable to mass cytometry. We show that it is successfully taken up by Jurkat cells and incorporated into proteins, thereby highlighting the potential of this tool as protein synthesis probe.


Human-centered idea and human-machine collaboration are emphasized in the Human Centered Robotics, which is mainly used for human-machine cooperation required mission in dynamic and non-structural environment. This paper presents a WearComp based interface that gets over the space and time limitation on human-robot interaction. By adapting AR(augment reality) in outputting channel, the information of robotics status and warning was accentuated in the transmission. That method effectively saves the resources of transmission band and reappearance, lightens the burden of operators and contributes to a good operator consciousness to local condition and remote environment. By parallel and mutual compensation of MultiModality interaction, and by integrating and fusing the redundant information, the ambiguity and noise of inputting information can be eliminated. All of above get rid of input bottleneck; a more efficient and humanistic human machine interaction is provided.


Kenneth S. Kendler, M.D. Research advances in psychiatric genetics have raised expectations that genetic findings might lead to major breakthroughs in psychiatric nosology. The author reviews the plausibility of these claims. Four areas are addressed. First, it is argued that familial aggregation of a single putative psychiatric syndrome provides at best limited evidence for the validity of that syndrome. Second, both traditional and molecular genetic strategies can supply important insights into major diagnostic conundrums. However, evidence that one or a few individual genes impact on risk for two disorders is not likely to resolve definitively the nosologic relationship between the two syndromes. Third, while gene-based essentialist models for psychiatric disorders are conceptually appealing, they are not well supported empirically. Gene discovery in psychiatry is, on its own, unlikely to allow us to "carve nature at its joints," thereby validating categorical psychiatric diagnoses. Fourth, the project to ground "messy" psychiatric categories on the firm foundation of genes—as an archetypal natural kind—may be fundamentally flawed because the very concept of "the gene" as a discrete entity is itself increasingly in doubt. Whereas psychiatric genetics has and will continue to provide important insights into the etiology of psychiatric and substance use disorders, it is not likely alone to provide deep answers to the complex and multifaceted problems facing psychiatric nosology.


Bacterial meningitis is an infection that primarily affects children.1Compared with the frequency of the disease in children, its prevalence in elderly persons is relatively low. However, a considerable number of cases still occur in the geriatric population. More importantly, the clinical manifestations of bacterial meningitis in aged patients may be atypical, and the associated mortality in that age group is exceedingly high.2The high death rate of elderly patients with bacterial meningitis may be related to several factors, including age itself, presence of underlying diseases, failure of clinicians to make an early diagnosis, and isolation of unusual pathogens from the CSF.3,4 Such unusual pathogens as gram-negative bacilli,Staphylococcus aureus, group D enterococcus,Listeria monocytogenes, andMycobacterium tuberculosishave been reported to cause meningitis in elderly persons.2,3,5,6We report another unusual cause of bacterial meningitis,Propionibacterium acnes, which has not been previously reported in an elderly person


A generalized Cohen-Grossberg neural network model with both discrete and neutral time varying delays is considered here. Activation functions and approximately behaved functions are not required to be differentiable. Global robust exponential stability of periodic solution is studied using a suitable Lyapunov functional by constructing a general eigen value problem [GEVP]. More generalized and less restrictive sufficient conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI).


Logistics strategy planning has often been undertaken either as a qualitative overview or as a self‐contained mathematical exercise, considering facility location, facility size and mode of transport. Here, the importance of evaluating the logistics alternatives in parallel with all other business considerations is developed as a standard approach. The role of computerized models for optimization and simulation is shown to be still an important part of the process. The use of the approach is illustrated by a case study considering the logistics of sourcing, manufacture, storage and supply of bulk chemical products throughout the whole of Europe. The alignment of logistics strategy with the business objectives is stressed as a key factor for success.


The empirical observation of aggregation of dielectric particles under the influence of electrostatic forces lies at the origin of the theory of electricity. The growth of clusters formed of small grains underpins a range of phenomena from the early stages of planetesimal formation to aerosols. However, the collective effects of Coulomb forces on the nonequilibrium dynamics and aggregation process in a granular gas -- a representative of the above physical processes -- have so far evaded theoretical scrutiny. Here, we establish a hydrodynamic description of aggregating granular gases that exchange charges upon collisions and interact via the long-ranged Coulomb forces. We analytically derive the governing equations for the evolution of granular temperature, charge variance, and number density for homogeneous and quasi-monodisperse aggregation. We find that, once the aggregates are formed, the system obeys a physical constraint of nearly constant dimensionless ratio of electrostatic to kinetic energy $\mathcal{B}(t)\le 1$. This constraint on the collective evolution of charged clusters is confirmed both by the theory and the detailed molecular dynamics simulations. The inhomogeneous aggregation of monomers and clusters in their mutual electrostatic field proceeds in a fractal manner. Our theoretical framework is extendable for more precise charge exchange mechanism, a current focus of extensive experimentation. Furthermore, it illustrates the collective role of long-ranged interactions in dissipative gases and can lead to novel designing principles in particulate systems.


The paraffin sections of histological structure of Prionailurus bengalensis kidney were investigated and expression of aquaporin-1( AQP-1),basic fibroblast growth factor( b FGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-7,( BMP-7) was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results shows that similar to most mammalian kidney,Prionailurus bengalensis has a bean shaped multipapillate kidney with a compact connective tissue capsule outside. The renal parenchyma is divided into cortex and medulla. The ratio of medulla to cortex is 1. 6∶ 1. The renal parenchyma consists mainly of renal corpuscle,renal tubule and collecting tubule. The vascular and urinary poles are identified in renal corpuscle. Glomerulus,outsourcing in renal capsule,is composed of capillaries which are twisted. The proximal convoluted tubule, lined with a well-developed brush border, is elongated and irregular. The lumen diameters of both distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct are large,and their cell apex has not a bush border. AQP-1 and b FGF appear to be expressed in cells of renal tubule and collecting tubule.BMP-7 is present in cells of renal tubule,collecting tubule and glomerular. These indicate that AQP-1,b FGF andBMP-7 are very important for regulating renal water balance,maintaining renal function and protecting kidney.


Arial, 9pt, bold) The mechanisms of CO2 capture by solid adsorbents has been investigated. The understanding of physicochemical mechanisms controlling CO2-adsorbent interactions is primordial for the choice of materials and for the design of industrial capture processes. A key parameter used in these investigations is the heat released during the adsorption of the gas on the adsorbent. Thanks to infrared thermography and an analytical balance, we obtained the estimation of the CO2 adsorption heats on several types of porous materials. This work describes the device and the IR image processing employed to the estimation of the heats of adsorption.


Background: The ageing process is usually characterized by physical, biological, mental, or psychosocial changes. Kegel exercises are beneficial for strengthening the double muscles of the pelvic floor, thereby strengthening the function of the external sphincter of the bladder. The research purposes were to prove the Effectiveness of Kegel Education for The Elderly as A Form of The Authority of The Midwife in Community Midwife Care
Methods: The method used in the pra experiment in this community service activity is divided into three stages and is supported through a pretest and posttest to evaluate activities. An evaluation is carried out after one month of providing education. The population was all older adults, and This activity was attended by 27 older adults in the Tabanan I Health Center.
Results: The result of the research show that the average score of the frequency of urination before being given Kegel exercises was 0.19 after being given Kegel exercises of 0.85. It also obtained an at-count value of -6.245 and a p-value of 0.000 < (0.05) so that it can be concluded that Kegel exercise education influences the elderly in the Tabanan Health Center area.
Conclusion: Education Kegel exercises affect urinary incontinence. Kegel exercise can stimulate and increase the activation of chemical, neuromuscular, and muscular in the pelvic muscles so that it can reduce the frequency of urination in the elderly. Providing education related to Kegel exercise will greatly assist midwives in carrying out the midwife's authority in community care.


Recently, some problems have been found in the definition of the partial derivative in the case of the presence of both explicit and implicit functional dependencies in the classical analysis. In this talk we investigate the influence of this observation on the quantum mechanics and classical/quantum field theory. Surprisingly, some commutators of the coordinate-dependent operators are not equal to zero. Therefore, we try to provide mathematical foundations to the modern non-commutative theories. We also indicate possible applications in the Dirac-like theories. The assumption that operators of coordinates do not commute [ˆ xµ, ˆ x�]− = iθµ� (or,


The paper analyzes the deficiency of the asphalt pavement of the expressway in the aspects of the quality parameters of the raw material,the gradation of the asphalt mixture and the test technical index of the asphalt mixture,introduces the key process of influencing the construction quality of the asphalt pavement,describes the quality inspection and the quality evaluation standard,to improve the construction quality of the asphalt pavement.


Most studies of bird losses at towers have dealt with weather conditions in a general manner (e.g. Tordoff and Mengel 1956, Kemper 1959, Taylor and Anderson 1973) because losses usually were not monitored on a daily basis throughout the entire migration season. Thus, weather conditions prevailing on nights of large, spectacular kills have received the most attention. Such nights are usually characterized by overcast skies, often with precipitation, winds favorable for migration, and in the fall the passage of cold fronts (e.g. Brewer and Ellis 1958). In the course of a study of bird migration and mortality at the U.S. Coast Guard' s Omega Navigation Station, located approximately 3 km west of LaMoure, North Dakota in the James River Valley (Avery et al. 1975), it was apparent that while occasional large kills occurred on overcast nights, considerable losses took place throughout the migration seasons under non-overcast skies, particularly in the spring. Since mortality was monitored daily and accurate weather data were available from nearby, it was possible to analyze the losses with respect to cloud cover and wind conditions during -1' entire migration seasons.


A 57 year old female with history of diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and scoliosis with four previous spinal fusions (T4 to pelvis) presented with worsening ambulating for the past one month. She was previously at baseline ambulating with a walker.


The B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 11A (BCL11A) gene was first identified in the rare t(2;14)(p16;q32.3) translocation involving the IGH locus in aggressive B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and, together with REL, is a candidate for the 2p16 chromosomal amplifications in B-cell malignancies. BCL11A encodes a Kruppel zinc finger transcription factor essential for pre-B-cell development and thymocyte maturation. Alternative RNA splicing generates at least three BCL11A transcripts encoding proteins that share a common N-terminus with the BCL11AXL transcript being the most abundant BCL11A transcript in normal tissues. We have produced a murine monoclonal antibody (BCL11A/123, isotype IgG1) specific for the BCL11AXL protein and, using this reagent, provide the first description of BCL11AXL protein distribution in normal and malignant human tissues. Initial studies using another antibody to the common N-terminus indicated the BCL11AXL protein to be the dominant isoform. In lymph node, tonsil and spleen, BCL11AXL expression was detected in B-cell nuclei in the mantle zone, germinal centers, interfollicular areas, splenic marginal zones and in tonsillar epithelium, but not in plasma cells or T cells. The differential expression of BCL11AXL in B-cell populations suggests its downregulation might be a requirement for plasma cell differentiation and is consistent with reports that BCL11A is transcriptionally repressed by Blimp-1. A subpopulation of cells, mostly B-cells, in the thymic medulla and scattered cells in the cortex were BCL11AXL+. Labeling of a very small number of CD3+ T-cells in the cortex and epithelial cells around the cortical periphery was also observed. Labeling of B-cell follicles in rat spleen demonstrated the BCL11A/123 epitope to be conserved across species. Another important finding was the high level expression of BCL11AXL in CD74+CD68+CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Publicly available microarray expression data are consistent with these findings, showing BCL11A transcripts to be present at high levels in peripheral blood B cells, in tonsil, lymph node and fetal brain with the highest expression in pDCs. BCL11AXL therefore represents an additional marker for the identification of pDCs and may be important in the differentiation and/or functional activity of this cell type. BCL11AXL was commonly detected in B-cell lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a subgroup of Hodgkin's lymphomas, with the exception of multiple myeloma. Tumor cells in a small number of T-cell lymphomas (3/29) also expressed BCL11AXL. In a tissue microarray, comprising 107 cases of de novo DLBCL at diagnosis, BCL11AXL expression correlated with that of its interaction partner BCL6 and showed a trend towards increased overall survival. The study of this molecule should provide additional invaluable information concerning the possible role of BCL11A in lymphomagenesis.


AbstrcatChinese yak is a good local breed in Qing-Zang Plateau,which adapts to the high elevation.But there are some defects in its production and fertility at present.The living environment and characters of Chinese yak are reviewed.Based on this,some technologies in improving fertility and productivity are put forward.


The think aloud method is an important and commonly used tool for usability optimization. However, analyzing think aloud data could be time consuming. In this paper, we put forth an automatic analysis of verbal protocols and test the link between spoken feedback and the stimulus using eye tracking and mouse tracking. The gained data - user feedback linked to a specific area of the stimulus - could be used to let an expert review the feedback on specific web page elements or to visualize on which parts of the web page the feedback was given. Specifically, we test if participants fixate on or point with the mouse to the content of the webpage that they are verbalizing. During the testing, participants were shown three websites and asked to verbally give their opinion. The verbal responses, along with the eye and cursor movements were recorded. We compared the hit rate, defined as the percentage of verbally mentioned areas of interest (AOIs) that were fixated with gaze or pointed to with the mouse. The results revealed a significantly higher hit rate for the gaze compared to the mouse data. Further investigation revealed that, while the mouse was mostly used passively to scroll, the gaze was often directed towards relevant AOIs, thus establishing a strong association between spoken words and stimuli. Therefore, eye tracking data possibly provides more detailed information and more valuable insights about the verbalizations compared to the mouse data.


Pr(v n)= n Pr(v-/'P> n-l/P) n Pr(v-"P > R) R -P. Hence, for the crater radius r, we put r = v -/P. Note that the procedure for forming an appropriate function of v leads to an inverse function. Mandelbrot suggests that p = 2 gives a good approximation to the actual lunar surface, and to those of other known planetary satellites. It is also the value of p which gives statistical self-similarity. To achieve randomly even scattering of points (x, y) within a plane rectangle is simply a matter of obtaining x and y as independent and linear functions of v. To achieve the analogous scattering on a spherical surface-isotropic distribution-requires a little more subtlety. A solution is obtained by using (longitude, latitude) coordinates for the location of each center, with longitude = 2 rrv, latitude = arcos(l - 2 v). Making one of the coordinates a linear function of v forces the other coordinate to be a nonlinear function of v. The reasoning behind the above solution is left to the reader to figure out. (Clue: what is the area of the polar cap bounded by latitude 0 on a globe of unit radius?)


A multicast scheme based on fidelity metrics in quantum networks is proposed in this paper. First of all, according to the fidelity of copies in an asymmetric mechanism of $1\rightarrow 1+ 1+ 1+1$ which is derived, the way of information transmission in the quantum networks is defined: one is one-to-one transmission based on the teleportation and the other is one-to-many lossy transmission based on quantum cloning mechanism. Second, in a specified quantum network which is a connected graph, a source node can randomly assign multicast group members. Then, with constraints of the number of replicas and the maximum number of hops of the shortest path, an optimal multicast tree is constructed to obtain maximum fidelity. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can select the optimal path from the source node to the multicast members for the specified quantum network. With the increase of multicast group members, the average value of information fidelity obtained by all members decreases. Compared with the multicast tree constructed by the KMB algorithm, which is used to construct the Steiner tree in classical communication, the proposed schemes make the information fidelity obtained by multicast group members improve significantly.


Many researches at home and abroad show that ecological problems such as environmental degeneration, resources failure, and sharp increasing population will become increasingly serious. Sustainable agriculture is an eternal theme in the future. And the essential feature of sustainable agriculture highly relies on the information and manage intensively. This paper has studied "precise agriculture" and technological terms and procedure of implementing precise agriculture based on GS, GIS, GPS. "3S" precise agricultural research progress domestic and international and precise agriculture applied research domain and development prospect.


The relationship between organizational climate and employee motivation is one of the fundamental questions in the field of work performance research. Previous research has shown that a more favorable social, emotional and work context contributes to greater employee engagement and higher productivity. The subject of this research was the relationship between the teachers' perception of school climate and their work motivation. This paper presents the results obtained from a sample of 467 teachers from 25 elementary schools in the wider city area of Tuzla. The School Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ) and the Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers (WTMST) were used to collect data. The obtained results suggest that the school climate, as perceived by teachers, has predictor value in relation to their motivation. In terms of predictor value for identified regulation, motivation, and internal motivation, a collaboration between teachers and relationships with students stands out. Nevertheless, the small amount of explained variance is an indicator that teacher motivation is in its entirety mostly determined by the sum of actions of other factors. In this way, however, a small part of the total variance of motivation is explained, which suggests that motivation is mostly determined by the sum of the actions of other factors.


The purpose of the research was to find out and test the influence of independent variables (Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rate, Interest Rate and Export) on dependent variables (Foreign Exchange Reserves of Indonesia). This research was conducted in Indonesia using time series data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency and Bank Indonesia from 2009-2019. This research data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis namely Classical Assumption Test and data processed using IBM SPSS computer program, for testing this research hypothesis researchers use t Test, F Test and Determination Coefficient. From the results of simultaneous testing, it can be concluded that inflation, rupiah exchange rate, interest rate, and export affect Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves. While the test results can be partially concluded that Inflation has no effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, rupiah exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, interest rates have no effect on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia, exports have a positive and significant effect on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia.