Researchers have begun to explore the relationship between cognitive heuristics and entrepreneurial action. Individuals utilize these heuristics because their cognitive capacity is limited, so they can neither comprehensively search for nor accurately interpret information. Instead, individuals may apply a rule of thumb that systematically violates the rules of probability and may lead to deviations from normatively derived answers. Importantly, these heuristics might have detrimental or positive ramifications. While they may lead to errors, they may also assist people when making judgments that involve high levels of uncertainty, novelty, and time pressure-the very conditions surrounding.

Keywords:

cognition;
heuristics;
entrepreneurial action


A fundamental challenge in service-oriented computing (SOC) is to select trustworthy Service. Existing approaches for service selection fail to capture the dynamic trust relationships between stranger services. Automatic trust negotiation (ATN)is a new approach to establish trust between strangers on the internet through the bilateral exchange of digital credentials. When a credential contains sensitive information, its disclosure is governed by an access control policy that specifies credentials that must be received before the sensitive credential is disclosed. The traditional ATN is inefficient in negotiation and strategic cycle may appear. In this paper we proposed a service selection scheme based on attribute signature (WSSABS). WSSABS, based on the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman, provide administratively scalable alternative to attribute-based authorization methods and provide fine-grained access control for Web service. Attribute Signature with attribute value commit methods are used to prevent collusion and forge. Finally, we show a brief security proof about the scheme.


Mammalian cells can be classified into two types based upon whether or not they show growth response to ethanolamine (Etn) in culture. The content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in phospholipid and incorporation of radioactive Etn into the cells were examined in the Etn‐responsive and ‐nonrespponsive cells in order to elucidate the mechanisms of growth stimulation by Etn. In all Etn‐responsive cells tested, 5 μM Etn significantly altered the composition of cellular phospholipid compared to that grown without Etn, while Etn‐nonresponsive cells had a similar phospholipid composition whether the growth medium contained Etn or not. Using two rat mammary carcinoma cell lines, 64–24 (responsive type) and 22‐1 (nonresponsive type), further studies were carried out. In 64–24 cells there was a proportional increase in PE content as the dosage of Etn in the medium was increased. The increase in PE content leveled off at 10 μM. Further, the increase in PE content was correlated with increased rate of growth. In contrast, PE content or growth rate did not change at all in 22‐1 cells. In 64–24 cells radioactive Etn (0.1–50 μM) was incorporated four‐ to five‐fold more efficiently into phospholipid, and the aqueous pool of precursors of PE was ten times less as compared to 22‐1 cells, indicating that Etn‐responsive cells utilize Etn supplied in the medium to synthesize PE far more efficiently than Etn‐nonresponsive cells. De novo synthesis of PE must not be sufficient to support optimum growth in Etn‐responsive cells.


Cultured rat mesencephalic neurons were used to assess the effects of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport blockers on toxicity caused by malonate, a reversible, competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Previous studies utilizing an ex vivo chick retinal preparation have shown that GABA release and cell swelling are early consequences of acute energy impairment and that GABA transport blockers attenuate this toxicity. The present results demonstrate that the nonsubstrate GABA transport blocker, NO‐711 (1 nM–1 μM), dose‐dependently protected cultured mesencephalic dopamine (DA) and GABA neurons from malonate‐induced toxicity. Similar protection was demonstrated with nipecotic acid (1 mM) and SKF89976A (100 nM), substrate and nonsubstrate GABA transport blockers, respectively. These compounds by themselves produced no signs of toxicity, although nipecotic acid caused a long‐term decrease in GABA uptake not associated with toxicity. Compounds which decrease intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are protective in this model, but NO‐711 did not prevent the rise in intracellular ROS induced by malonate, indicating its protective effects were downstream of ROS production. Supplementation of malonate treated cultures with the GABAA agonist, muscimol (10 μM), increased the toxicity toward the DA and GABA neuron populations. Antagonists at the GABAA and glycine receptors provided partial protection to both the GABA and DA neurons. These findings suggest that the GABA transporter, GABAA, and/or glycine channels contribute to cell damage associated with energy impairment in this model. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:43–52, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Using the characterization of last multipliers as solutions of the Liouville's transport equation, new results are given in this approach of ODE by providing several new characterizations, e.g. in terms of Witten and Marsden differentials or adjoint vector field. Applications to Hamiltonian vector fields on Poisson manifolds and vector fields on Riemannian manifolds are presented.
In Poisson case, the unimodular bracket considerably simplifies computations while, in the Riemannian framework, a Helmholtz type decomposition yields remarkable examples: one is the quadratic porous medium equation, the second (the autonomous version of the
previous) produces harmonic square functions, while the third refers to the gradient of the distance function with respect to a two dimensional rotationally symmetric metric. A final example relates the solutions of Helmholtz (particularly Laplace) equation to provide a last multiplier for a gradient vector field. A connection of our subject with gas dynamics in Riemannian setting is pointed at the end.


The postcolonial studies have been under discussion in the Ukrainian historiography, social science, culture studies and literary criticism since 1990 years. They have originated from American, European, and Australian academic studies and became more and more popular in modern Ukrainian culture recently. The nation and the nationalism, Orientalism, multicultural and ambivalent individuality self-presentation, the search of cultural identity, the problem of ambivalent attitude to the past are in the paradigm of postcolonial studies. The problems of national identity, the totalitarian past, the interactions with neighboring countries especially Russia and Poland, the instable Ukrainian society's condition are analyzed under the postcolonial ideas in the Ukrainian intellectual discourse. The postcolonial theory has become the main interpretative strategy of the Ukrainian researchers lately. Nevertheless, there is no unconditional modus vivendi in the Ukrainian academia about postcolonial conceptions, strategies and principles. One of the most important unsolved issues is the question of correlation of postcolonial and postmodern components of the Ukrainian national literature. The inclusion of the studies of trauma and anticolonial and posttotalitarian discourses into the framework of the postcolonial studies is the most distinguishing feature of postcolonial studies in the Ukraine.


It is given the description of ideals of Lie rings NE6(K) and correspondence ideals of Lie rings to adjoint subgroups.


PURPOSE: A purifying method of underground water in an extracted low density non-aqueous liquid, for restoring oil contaminated soil is provided to improve the fenton oxidation process efficiency by effectively removing minute pollution particle phase materials. CONSTITUTION: A purifying method of underground water in an extracted low density non-aqueous liquid comprises the following steps: collecting the low density non-aqueous liquid by bio-slurping process, and oil-water separating the obtained low density non-aqueous liquid; and fenton oxidizing the obtained polluted underground water, before discharging. The purifying method uses a polluted underground water processing apparatus including a preprocessing tank electrolyzing micro-colloid particles attached to the shear end of reaction tank(60) and an oil treatment reagent, and naturally precipitating particle materials with the density greater than 1.


The preparation of composite materials, formed with bismuth based nanostructures supported on titanium dioxide (TiO2) films, as well as their application as photocatalysts for the degradation of a malachite green dye solution is reported. The nanostructures were obtained by the laser ablation technique in liquid medium, depending on the preparation conditions, Bi or Bi2O3 nanoparticles, or Bi2O3 nanosheets are obtained. Thin films were deposited by CVD obtaining the TiO2 anatase phase. Catalyst activation was carried out using a solar simulator irradiating at 31 mW/cm2. The degree of degradation of malachite green was determined by measuring the decrease in the intensity of its characteristic absorption band at 619 nm. In general terms, the results show that thin films with Bi based nanostructures supported exhibit a better photocatalytic activity than the TiO2 sample.


Since the first days of domestication, high mountain agropastoral societies have provided an exceptional example of adaptation and resilience to inhospitable territories, as the maintenance of population groups requires a delicate balance between transhumance and cultivation activities. Archaeological research into these societies has left numerous questions about the relationship between humans and the mountain environment unresolved. These questions have motivated the authors to explore the materiality of the daily life of the agropastoral populations of the Jbel Sirwa. Thus, with this proposal, the ARCHEOMOBAS project outlines an interdisciplinary methodological approach intended to carry out ethnoarchaeological studies of this kind of community in mountainous territories.


This paper presents a procedure for inserting test points at the outputs of scan elements of a full-scan circuit in such a manner that the peak power during scan testing is kept below a specified limit while maintaining the original fault coverage. If the power in a clock cycle during scan testing exceeds a specified limit (which depends on the peak power the chip has been designed to supply), a "peak power violation" is said to occur. Given a set of vectors, simulation is used to identify the cycles in which peak power violations occur (called "violating cycles"). For each violating cycle, the reduction in power caused by a control-0 and control-1 test point at each scan element is determined by simulation. The optimization problem then is to select as few test points as possible to eliminate all violating cycles. We present a heuristic procedure for minimizing the number of test points using integer linear programming techniques. The test points are activated and deactivated in a manner such that there is neither any loss in fault coverage nor peak power violations in the capture cycle. Experimental results indicate that the proposed procedure is very effective in controlling peak power during scan testing using a small number of test points.


The study was conducted to analyze the changing cropping pattern in Odisha along with growth rates in key indicators of development in the state. The secondary data were collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Directorate of Agriculture and Food Production, Odisha, Government of Odisha and other reliable secondary sources and were subjected to growth rate analysis and descriptive analysis. Over a period of 45 years, area under paddy in the state has reduced by 7 per cent, while area under wheat and ragi remained stagnant and area under jowar crop has reduced to half over the period. Area under maize has shown significant growth 1970-71 to 2015-16. Overall the area under cereals in the state has reduced from 4906 thousand hectares to 4668.2 thousand hectares registering a decline of 4.9 per cent. Paddy and ragi remain the main cereal crops of the state. Among the key indicators of Odisha agriculture, kharif crop area, net sown area and power consumption in agriculture have declined over 2000-01 to 2017-18 at the rate of 7.86 per cent, 8.11 per cent and 69.23 per cent, respectively. Although the gross cropped area (GCA) of the state has a positive rate of growth over eighteen years, it is still insignificant. Net irrigated area and fertilizer consumption have increased significantly from 2000-01 to 2017-18. The cropping pattern reveals that the major crops of the state are paddy, maize, black gram, green gram and groundnut. The increase in cropping intensity of the state to the tune of 24.44 per cent during 2000-01 to 2017-18 indicates the growth of intensive agriculture in the state.


In his compelling new book, Integrationism and the Self: Reflections on the Legal Personhood of Animals, Christopher Hutton (2019a: 23) interrogates the circumstances in which "the category of personhood is currently being treated as one that is open for new admissions". In particular, as his title suggests, the possibility of considering the personhood of non-human animals is under discussion in the book. Most immediately, the issue is a matter of law and legal discourse and, as Hutton shows, both have had a long history in which 'person' is the key category. On the basis of the topic alone, then, this volume will be of interest to those working on ethology, ethics, law, semiotics of legal discourse and philosophy (of mind, especially). In obvious ways, it is a companion volume to his book (Hutton 2019b) on the Corbett v Corbett case and its invention of 'legal sex', a volume which also demands to be read by those working on gender, ethics, law, semiotics of legal discourse, sex and identity. Yet, it is possible that Integrationism and the Self, especially, will hold particular interest among biosemioticians – not because of the focus on non-human species but because of the integrationist perspective that informs its argument. Taking its cue from the work of Roy Harris (see, as an initial mission statement, Harris 1978), the integrationist perspective insists that language and communication, rather than being considered as two separate entities, should be radically integrated. That is, language is not to be construed as an 'entity' that can be identified as residing in a definite location, but is tied up in the human communication that takes place in every situation, being made, re-made and


To study the effects of metformin, as compared to placebo, on serum levels of vitamin D (25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes.


The method of implementing the design for mass customization is proposed. The planning process of a product family is analyzed,the concept of the product function and structure component(PFSC) in the product family structure model is introduced,and the relation between each PFSC and that of the PFSC to a product are discussed. As an example, an analytic hierarchy model of customer requirements for automotive chassis is constructed,and the structure model of automotive chassis oriented to mass customization is described .


A few years ago, drawing on the example of the Vietnamese state, but asking what a universal theory of the state might look like, Martin Gainsborough revisited an old question, asking, "How can a conceptual abstraction appear to have real boundaries?" But if the state is complex and duplicitous, no less so its borders. To start with, borders look different depending on where you view them from. In June 2014, the London-based Daily Telegraph published a series of images from Google Maps indicating how that firm showed different locations in each country for disputed sections of the border between China and India. The Russian version of Google maps also shows Crimea's borders differently to how they look when viewed through Google Maps elsewhere. Unlike Crimea and Ukraine, the dispute over the China-India border has not been directly violent for over half a century.


Objective:To observe the multi-faceted Surgical Treatment of Traditional Chinese medicine in treating Dysm enorrhea of Endometriosis of Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis Methods:Sixty subjects were randomized into two groups,treatment group in which 35 cases were treated by multi-faceted Surgical Treatment of Traditional Chinese medicine(contains wearing Sachet and moxibustion on navel and foot bath with Chinese medicine),control group in which 35 cases were treated by"Shaofu Zhuyu Tang",with a cour se of three men-strual cycles.The pain VAS,Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) scores and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA) score were evaluated. Results : Two groups of VAS score,HAMD scores and HAMA scores before treatment have no obvious difference,but after treatment the scores is significantly improved.Conclusion : The multi-faceted surgical treatment of traditional chinese medicine and taking chinese medicine can improve the patient's dysmenorrhea,anxiety and depressive state,but the multi-faceted surgical treatment of traditional chinese medicine is better than taking chinese medicine.


Amidst of liturgical music, psalm-singing or psalmody has a long tradition, not to mention synagogue service at the time of Jesus. This paper explores how the liturgical psalm-singing has been played in worship, thereby interacting with people's real lives. With theological reflection on music and worship in the early church, this paper examines the appearance of psalmody in the church, observing how the church played it and how the way of singing psalms has been transmitted in the Protestant tradition, from the perspective of full, active, and conscious participation in liturgy. In conclusion, therefore, the issue from the early church is revisited: how we make liturgical music sacred― neither secular nor profane, hence achieving "full, active, and conscious participation in liturgy."


In this report, I present a complete image-based rendering system. This includes the derivation of a mapping function from first principles, an algorithm for determining the visibility of these mapped points in the resulting image, and a method for reconstructing a continuous image from these mapped points. I refer to this type of mapping function as image warping, because it processes the elements of an image according to their image coordinates and produces outputs that are image coordinates in the resulting image.


In μ 17.2.25‐transgenic (M54) mice the absolute number of surface IgM (slgM) B cells in lymphoid organs is drastically reduced compared to normal C57BL/6 mice and a high frequency of B cells express the immunoglobulin (Ig) encoded by the transgene rather than endogenous Ig on the surface. To determine the effect of a μ trangene on B cell development, adoptive cell transfers were performed using μ transgenic (M54) bone marrow and fetal liver cells. The data presented support the following conclusions: (a) adult transgenic bone marrow contains functional B cell precursors able to mature and repopulate the spleen and peritoneum of recipient mice. The relative frequency of transgene (sIgMa) and endogenous (sIgMb) surface sIgM‐positive B cells reconstituted by transgenic bone marrow in allotype‐matched C57BL/6 recipients is the same as in the M54 donors; (b) serum analysis indicates that transgenic bone marrow donor cells can reconstitute B cells in congenic and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) recipient mice; (c) transgenic fetal liver cells are not a richer source of precursors for B cells expressing endogeneous Ig; (d) in transgenic mice sIgM+ B cells are not restricted to the CD5+ phenotype, however, the relative frequency of sIgMb B cells that are CD5+ is higher in transgenic than normal mice; and (e) bone marrow cells from adult normal and transgenic mice are able to generate CD5+ B lymphocytes in the spleen and peritoneum of allotype‐congenic and neonatal SCID recipient mice.


[Objective] The study was to research the effects of B9 and CCC with different concn.on the growth,flowering and physiological characteristics of Chrysanthemum morifolium and provide the theoretical basis for dwarfing cultivation of C.morifolium.[Method] In the pot test,with the treatment of spraying clear water as CK,B9 and CCC with different concn.(500,800,1 000,1 200 and 1 500 mg/L)were sprayed on C.morifolium to study their effects on the growth,flowering and physiological characteristics of C.morifolium.[Result] The plant height,the branch number and the leaf number of C.morifolium were significantly decreased,and the dwarfing effect was obvious when B9 was higher than 1 000 mg/L or CCC was higher than 1 200 mg/L.B9 and CCC all could delay the flowering date to different degree.After B9 and CCC were sprayed on C.morifolium,the content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar in leaves was significantly increased,the leaf color became deeper,and the photosynthetic efficiency was increased.[Conclusion] 1 000 mg/L B9 and 1 200 mg/L CCC had better comprehensive effects on improving plant type of C.morifolium and increasing its ornamental value and physiological quality.


Target pointing is a function that maintains LOS(Line of Sight) toward a fixed ground target by controlling azimuth and elevation angles of electro-optical systems which are calculated from navigation data of aircraft and target coordinates. It is useful when pilots wish to observe the target continuously under dynamic maneuvering of the aircraft. To guarantee the target pointing performance, target coordinates have to be estimated accurately. There are several error factors for computing the target coordinates such as alignment error, sensor measurement error control error, and so on. Especially, transmission time delay of the navigation data is a major factor. This paper describes the target coordinates estimation algorithm and shows its experimental results.


The use of new technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), represents a promising strategy in the rehabilitation of subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We present the results obtained by administering the IAmHero tool through VR to a cohort of subjects with ADHD between 5 and 12 years of age. The trial time was approximately 6 months. In order to assess the beneficial effects of the treatment, standardised tests assessing both ADHD symptoms and executive functions (e.g., Conners-3 scales) were administered both before and at the end of the sessions. Improvements were observed at the end of treatment in both ADHD symptoms (especially in the hyperactivity/impulsivity domain) and executive functions. One of the strengths of the VR approach is related above all to the acceptability of this tool and its flexibility. Unfortunately, to date, there are still few studies on this topic; therefore, future studies are essential to expand our knowledge on the utility and benefits of these technologies in the rehabilitation field.


Svensk Sjomuddring AB (SSM) is a company that can be contracted to remove metals from contaminated soils, specializing in soils from military sites. The soils are generally contaminated with a wide ...


The compact Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA) over the novel Reactive Impedance Surface (RIS) based metasubstrate has been designed and analyzed exclusively for the S-band navigational satellite system application. The RHCP radiation is achieved for single S-band frequency (2.492 GHz) by placing uniquely corner truncated square patch over the novel design structure of RIS substrate. The proposed low-cost compact antenna prototype achieves 10 dB return loss bandwidths (RLBW) of 14.05% and 3 dB Axial Ratio Bandwidth (ARBW) of 4.01% at S band frequency. The cross-polar discrimination (XPD) of 16.85 dB along with wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth of 135° at targeted frequency band indicate highly effective RHCP operation. It is the most compact antenna ever reported in S-band with overall electric size of 0.28λ0 × 0.28λ0 × 0.03λ0 and can serve as a viable option for a compact RHCP receiver antenna for navigational system.


The formulae are deduced for calculation of the radii of the smashed and cracked areas in rock by a long charge explosion, with the Mises' strength criterion. Meanwhile, the three-directional load and strain-rate effects of rock are taken into consideration. Then, the explosive charge for the controlled perimeter blasting is discussed. For the familiar rocks, the values from the formulae accord with blasting practice.


Does birthright citizenship boost immigrant children's participation
and success in the host country's educational system? We address this
question using a reform of the German naturalization law in 1999 that
entitled children born after January 1, 2000 to birthright citizenship.
We use a difference-in-difference design that compares children born
shortly before and shortly after the cutoff in years of policy change
and years in which no policy change took place. Our analysis draws
on administrative data from school entrance examinations and on the
German Micro Census. Results indicate an increased participation of
immigrant children in the early education system. Despite medium-run
benefits in terms of socio-behavioral development, there is no signiificant evidence that immigrant children are better prepared for primary
school and there is just some evidence suggesting positive effects on
enrolment in the academic track of secondary school.


This paper provides information about the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the proposal/grant process with a focus on the electric power engineering area. It includes organizational information about NSF, the various special programs, current data and statistics, information about proposal preparation and the review process, and mechanisms for obtaining NSF publications.


Through the cooperative work of computer lab management system,hard disk protect card and multimedia network teaching system.A proper and orderly management of the computer teaching lab is established.The combination of relevant hardware and software plays certain role in the teaching effect and guarantees an orderly experimental class.Moreover,some strategies based on the standardization of the lab system and the administrative staffs training are put forward.


A digital resampling method is proposed which allows non-uniform and time-varying resampling. The method is based on interpolated look-up in a large table of filter coefficients. One filter table handles all conversion factors. Formulas are given for determining the size of look-up table needed for a given precision requirement.


Citizenship was the mark of political belonging in Europe in the twentieth century, while estate, religion, party, class, and nation lost political significance in the century of extremes. This thesis is demonstrated by examining the legal institution of citizenship with its deciding influence on the limits of a political community in terms of inclusion and exclusion. Citizenship determines a person's protection, equality, and freedom and thus his or her chances in life and survival. This book recounts the history of citizenship in Europe as the history of European statehood in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, doing so from three vantage points: as the development of a legal institution crucial to European constitutionalism; as a measure of an individual's opportunities for self-fulfilment ranging from freedom to totalitarian subjugation; and as a succession of alternating, often sharply divergent, political regimes, considered from the perspective of their inclusivity and exclusivity, and their justification. The European history of citizenship is discussed for six selected countries: Great Britain, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Russia. For the first time, a joint history of citizenship in Western and Eastern Europe is told here, from the heyday of the nation-state to our present day, which is marked by the crises of the European Union. It is the history of a central legal institution that significantly represents and at the same time determines struggles over migration, integration, and belonging. One of the central concerns of this book is the lessons that can be learned from it regarding the future chances of European citizenship.


Introduction: Thyroidectomy is a common surgery in the neck area, in which the application of platysma muscle suture after thyroidectomy is still being discussed. This study was conducted to compare the application (currently common) or non-application of suture for platysma muscle.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 117 patients underwent thyroidectomy, among which 63 cases without suturing platysma (control group) and 54 subjects with suturing platysma (Intervention group ) were examined in terms of postoperative pain based on visual analogue scale score measured 24 h post-operation. The samples were also investigated regarding hematoma and seroma, wound infection, length of hospitalization, scarring (1 year after surgery), duration of surgery, and the number of cases using opioids during the hospitalization. Patients with diabetes, previous neck surgery, coagulopathy, and radiation history were excluded from the study. The gathered data were analyzed statistically in SPSS software (version 18) using the Chi-square test and the Mann–Whitney U test. A p-value of less than (0.05) was considered significant.
Results: Based on the findings, the mean age of the patients in the Intervention group was calculated at 51 years, of which 41 and 13 cases were females and males, respectively. In the Intervention group, 34 patients underwent complete thyroidectomy and 20 patients had hemithyroidectomy. The mean age score of subjects in the control group was calculated at 50 years, of which 44 and 19 patients were respectively female and male. No significant difference was revealed considering wound infection, length of hospitalization, created scarring, the amount of opioid use (opioids), and postoperative pain. However, only the length of surgery was different between the groups (P-value<0.05).
Conclusions: There was no difference between wound and surgical complications and cosmetic results between both groups; nevertheless, due to the duration of the surgery and other benefits, such as consuming less thread, not suturing the platysma is recommended.


Near-polar craterforms have been observed on Mars since Mariner 9. Hodges and Moore [1,2] described the implications of these apparently volcanic features and suggested that several were formed as a consequence of magma-ice or magma-water interactions. Indeed, they proposed that the feature illustrated in Fig. I represents a hydromagmatic explosion crater or maar, indicating interaction of ground-ice and/or water with magma in the higher Northern hemisphere latitudes of Mars. The advent of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topographic information 161 for several of the putative volcanic craterforms described in [1,2] allows a reconsideration of their formation mechanisms. We have exploited MOLA's near-centerline cross-sections from the Science Phasing Orbit phase of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission to analyze the geometric properties of these features as constraints on their modes of origin and subsequent modification histories. From our preliminary analyses, we believe there is evidence these features may have been formed by effusive, lava shield building eruptions, and not hydromagmatic events. Furthermore, geometrical constraints indicate that some of the near-polar craterforms are geologically youthful.


Mitochondrial metabolism greatly influences cancer cell survival, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to many anticancer drugs. Furthermore, molecular-targeted therapies (e.g., oncogenic kinase inhibitors) create a dependence of surviving cells on mitochondrial metabolism. For these reasons, inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism represents promising therapeutic pathways in cancer. This review provides an overview of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer and discusses the limitations of mitochondrial inhibition for cancer treatment. Finally, we present preclinical evidence that mitochondrial inhibition could be associated with oncogenic "drivers" inhibitors, which may lead to innovative drug combinations for improving the efficacy of molecular-targeted therapy.


Japanese Encephalitis (JE), a vector-borne zoonotic viral disease, is mostly prevalent in Asian countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurence of JE virus (JEV) among pigs in East Sumba, Indonesia. Blood samples (n=52) were randomly collected from 52 apparantly healthy pigs where pig population was high in East Sumba. The samples were subjected for seroprevalence study for the presence of antibodies against JEV using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA). Results showed that 53% (n=28/52) blood samples from the pigs contained antibodies against JEV. This finding is suggestive that the JEV is circulating among pig population in East Sumba, Indonesia. The data may help in designing control strategies of the JEV in the East Sumba, Indonesia.


OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present invention is to provide a key for a vehicle capable of preventing drunken driving. [Configuration] key for vehicles, trains tip 110, a key part 100 which is inserted into the keyhole of the vehicle, such as motorcycles and automobiles, a holder portion 200 provided at the proximal end 120 of the key portion 100, the holder a protruding member 300 which projects along the key portion 100 from the part 200, a spring 400 for urging the projection member 300 in a protruding direction, a breath component detection means 500 for detecting the alcohol contained in the user's exhalation, exhalation components and a locking mechanism 600 for locking is maintained in a state of being protruded protruding member 300 in accordance with the detection result of the detecting means 500.


This article looks at the evolution of elearning at the University of Mauritius from a practitioner's perspective. The main approach is action research and the main methods used are experiential reporting, desk studies, and practicebased evaluation. It critically assesses the extent to which the objectives have been achieved and the transformational impact that innovative practices have brought to the educational system of the University. This research also examines to what extent the policies of the university have promoted or hindered the progress of e-learning as an alternative to or complementary with the existing


Within the framework of semiempirical method of quantum chemical PM3, the possibility of formation of paired stack structures under interaction of fluorouracil with pyrimidine and purine nitrogenous bases of nucleotides has been examined. Possible mechanism of transformation of 2-deoxyuridine-5-monophosphate into metabolite-5-fluorin-2-deoxyuridine-5-monophosphate has been given. The calculations that were made allow to suppose that biotransformation of 5-FU in 5-fluorin-2-deoxyuridine-5-monophosphate, most likely, is carried out not in free nucleotides, but in the structure of DNA in two nucleotide triplets UUC and UGU, including the case when directly two nucleotides of deoxyuridine monophosphate, are transformed into 5-fluorin-2-deoxyuridine-5-monophosphate. Cytostatic ability of 5-FU is increased by its capacity to be selectively embedded into nucleotide triplets creating new chemical compounds that violate matrix RNA formation and accordingly violate protein synthesis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007


As part of an on-going programme to develop a Fully Integrated Tracking System capable of multisensor data fusion, a multi-mode radar prototype has been developed which utilises near optimal probabilistic algorithms and demonstrates a high degree of functionality. A diverse set of detection types can be used to form tracks with no operator intervention and estimate the strength of target formations. Some of the processes involved in developing the algorithm set have been described and the present flexible simulation and demonstration system has been described in detail. >


Abstract This article explores the ways in which lived experiences informed literacy teacher educators' (LTEs) pedagogies and practices of social justice. In particular, three case studies were conducted to examine why the LTEs chose to address social justice, as well as how their life experiences influenced their views and pedagogies in their literacy courses to address social justice, race, and race related issues. Each of the LTEs recalled transformative experiences that shaped their views not only of literacy, but the interconnections between schooling, social justice, and race.


In Europe there are many countries that are experiencing issues with an aging population. In fact, many countries are changing their welfare and healthcare systems in order to facilitate the change. Consequently, elderly people are required to remain in their own homes for as long as possible and organize their own healthcare. Doing so can be a complex process and assistance in the form of a digital platform can offer the solution for elderly to age in their own households. This type of social innovation and other social functions enabled by a platform can enable elderly to age in place. This research proposes to set up an experiment in order to measure the effect a digital platform has on the capabilities of elderly to live at home. The results show that a digital platform will in fact increase capabilities of elderly. Such a digital platform has not only a positive effect on elderly, but also on their voluntary caretakers. Thereby, the platform enables social innovation by lowering thresholds for users to participate in healthcare tasks. Based on the results, recommendations are made that can be used to further the development of platforms for health and well-being and increase their effectiveness and potentially facilitate widespread societal change


Jared Diamond is back at it, once again trading in the familiar determinist tropes that earned him a Pulitzer Prize for his 1999 book Guns, Germs and Steel. That dull book was chockfull of the bad ...


Pay variation across positions, functions, and ranks can affect government performance by influencing the ability of the government to recruit and incentivize civil servants, but this proposition has not been systematically examined. Taking advantage of a new panel dataset, we develop and test the theoretical linkage between pay variation of civil servants and government performance. Our findings show a contingency-based relationship between pay variation and government performance. On average, neither total pay variation nor vertical pay variation is significantly related to government performance measured by the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators. However, total pay variation is consistently and negatively correlated with government performance in low-income countries. The findings suggest the importance of accounting for national contexts in implementing administrative reforms and are a cautionary lesson about applying theories based on research on private firms to the public sector.


A cardiac surgery international nursing and allied professional research network titled CONNECT, was created to strengthen collaborative cardiac surgery research through shared initiatives including supervision, mentorship, workplace exchange programs and multi-site clinical research. As with any new initiative, there is a need to build brand awareness to enhance user familiarity, grow membership, and promote various opportunities offered. Social media has been used across various surgical disciplines; however, their effectiveness in promoting scholarly and academic based initiatives have not been examined. The aim of this scoping review was to examine the different types of social media platforms and strategies used to promote cardiac research initiatives for CONNECT. Methods and results: A scoping review was undertaken in which a comprehensive and thorough review of the literature was performed. Fifteen articles were included in the review. Twitter appeared to be the most common form of social media used to promote cardiac initiatives, with daily posts being the most frequent type of engagement. Frequency of views, number of impressions and engagement, link clicks, and content analysis were the most common types of evaluation metrics that were identified. Conclusion: Findings from this review will inform the design and evaluation of a targeted Twitter campaign aimed at increasing brand awareness of CONNECT, which will include the use of @CONNECTcardiac twitter handle, hashtags and CONNECT driven journal clubs. In addition, the use of Twitter to disseminate information and brand initiatives related to CONNECT will be evaluated using the Twitter analytics function.


This research aims to survey the improvement of power quality in Tehran metro line 2 using the ant colony algorithm and to investigate all the factors affecting the achievement of this goal. In order to put Tehran on the road of sustainable development, finding a solution for dealing with air pollution is essential. The use of public transportation, especially metro, is one of the ways to achieve this goal. Since the highest share of pollutants in Tehran belongs to cars and mobile sources, relative statistical indicators are estimated through assuming the effect of metro lines development and subsequently reduction of traffic on power quality index.


a. Machine Collective packaging. b. Machine characterized in that along the conveying device 4 and between the delivery station of cardboard cups 13 and the packaging station 15 is provided at least one station for grooving and / or perforations 14 with grooving tools and / or perforations 31 may be positioned by adjusting means 26, 35-39 while during a machine cycle, with each feed step of the conveyor, a cutting board 17 is transferred into the position of grooving and / or perforations 14 and the grooving tools and / or perforations 30, 31 are actuated once by a member of manioeuvre 32. c. The invention is particularly applicable to the grouping of small items in the collective packaging which can be transported and be stacked easily. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)


The carried-out investigation is dedicated to the analysis of Sherlock Holmes' speech portraits as represented in the story by Arthur Conan Doyle and in the British TV show "Sherlock" from BBC (2010). The investigation touches upon the basic grammatical peculiarities of Sherlock's speech and uncovers the changes that the literary character's image has undergone on the level of its speech. Thus, the paper results in the conclusion about the peaking frequency of simple sentences in the TV show Sherlock's speech on the level of sentence structure, accounted for by the necessity to simplify his speech for the viewers to grasp it easier. For the same reason, the new medium calls for shorter lineal length of Sherlock's utterances. Though declaratives still make up the predominant communicative sentence type in Sherlock's speech, he is twice as frequent with his interrogatives as Doyle's old Mister Sherlock Holmes, and uses rhetorical questions even more often than special ones. Sherlock from BBC is more emotional, using exclamatory sentences and imperatives, which are often packed with verbs of motion, like go and get, or ask his interlocutors to "shut up". Despite using the term "sociopath" about himself, Sherlock initiates communication more often in the TV show than in the book, using direct addresses. The changes in Sherlock Holmes' speech portraits the authors attribute both to the type of medium the literary character functions in and to the diachronical changes bringing about more informal conversations and new dialogue traditions.


Objective By systematic nursing to improve the sleep quality and postoperative comfort in the patients with percutaneous coronary intervention treatment.Methods 1 602 patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention treatment were assessed,the assessment contents included general condition of patients,mental status,sleep status,and effect factors,etc.To analyze the factors affecting the sleep quality and postoperative comfort,there were two main reasons:first,the preoperative factors,and second,postoperative factors.Based on the assessment,to develop care plans and implement nursing.Results Sleep quality of 1 602 patients was improved from varying degrees.Conclusion The effectively systematic nursing improves sleep quality and postoperative comfort of the patients,promotes early recovery of the patients,promotes the wound healing and reduces the complications.


A paper tool includes a power transmission linkage (64) . The linkage (64) includes a base (22) , a drive link (28) , an input member (26) , and at least three pivots (30, 48, 58) connecting members of the linkage (64) . At least one of the pivots provides for both rotational and translational movement between two members connected by the at least one pivot (48) .


This comment points out that the conditions of the local approximation applicability have to be considered more clearly. Moreover, the discussion of influence of ambipolar field has to be presented.


Objective: To Observe the histological and morphological effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on spermatogenesis in male albino mice. Study Design: Laboratory based randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy University of Health Sciences, Lahore from Apr, 2012 to Dec, 2012. Material and Methods: Thirty nine male albino mice, 6-8 weeks old weighing 30  5 gm, were used; these were randomly divided into three groups having thirteen mice in each using random numbers table. Group A served as a control and was given distilled water orally via oral gavage 10 ml per kg for 30 days. Group B was given acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg/kg dissolved in 10 ml distilled orally for a period of 30 days. Group C was given acetylsalicylic acid 25 mg/kg dissolved in 2.5 ml distilled orally for a period of 30 days. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose and the testes were removed, fixed in Bouin's fixative for 48 hours. Five microns thick sections of processed tissue were stained with H&E and PAS for calculation of Johnsen score and diameter of seminiferous tubules. Serum testosterone level was measured by testosterone enzyme immunoassay test kits. Results: Microscopic examination demonstrated that ASA treatment lead to statistically significant increase in the mean Johnsen score and mean diameter of seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: It was concluded from the current study that ASA treatment enhances spermatogenesis.


The standardized training for resident doctors is a necessary route to promote the ability of clinical doctors and make them grow up.It is the major problem to formulate the scheme of scientific and reasonable training for resident doctors in all hospitals.The article discussed the experience of standardized training for resident doctors.


The October 2000 elections did constitute a landmark for the political participation of immigrant origin citizens in the Brussels Capital Region. There was a remarkable increase of elected Belgian politicians of non-EU mainly Moroccan – origin. In this contribution we want to discuss the changing patterns of political participation of immigrant origin citizens in the Brussels Capital Region as seen in the most recent local elections. We will try to contextualise the electoral success of Turkish and (mainly) Moroccan politicians and the poor involvement of EU-citizens in the recent elections. To this purpose, we will also have to discuss the political situation in the bilingual region of Brussels, Belgian citizenship law and regulations on political participation of foreign residents. Introduction In October 2000 some of the foreign residents were for the first time able to vote and stand as a candidate in Belgian municipal elections. Indeed, due to the implementation of the Maastricht Treaty non-Belgian EU-citizens were able to register as voters and participate in the local elections. Non-EU residents, however, were not allowed to vote or stand as a candidate. EU-citizens hardly made use of their newly granted rights to local political participation. Nevertheless, the October 2000 elections did constitute a landmark for the political participation of immigrant origin citizens, at least in the Brussels Capital Region. There was a remarkable increase of elected Belgian politicians of non-EU mainly Moroccan – origin. Indeed, 20-25% of the politicians of the municipal councils in the boroughs of Brussels, Schaarbeek, StJosse and Molenbeek are now of immigrant Turkish or Moroccan descent. This is quite remarkable, since the Belgians of non-EU-immigrant origin only make up maximum 9% of the electorate. A number of related events have the potential of changing the face of politics in the Belgian capital. Several Belgians of immigrant non-EU origin have become aldermen. Policy plans are increasingly focussed to disfavoured neighbourhoods with high proportions of immigrant inhabitants. Inner-party conflicts between "autochtonous" and ethnic minorities' politicians are surfacing. In this contribution we want to discuss the changing patterns of political participation of immigrant origin citizens in the Brussels Capital Region as seen in the most recent local elections. We will try to contextualise the electoral success of Turkish and (mainly) Moroccan politicians and the poor involvement of EU-citizens in the recent elections. To this purpose, we will also have to shortly discuss the political situation in the bilingual region of Brussels, Belgian citizenship law and regulations on political participation of foreign residents. Our main aim is to sketch the situation in general terms. We will pinpoint to a number of interesting patterns which have recently occurred in Brussels. Most of them require further attention and analysis, but we are limited by the constraint of article length to develop them all. The institutional setting of the Brussels Capital Region Belgium can be considered to be a clear example of what Kymlicka (1995) has called a 'multination state'. Since 1993 the Belgian constitution recognises that the constitutive nation is not a homogeneous entity. The constitutive nation of the Belgian state is instead seen to be the sum of national ("autochthonous") sub-groups with (or which strive towards) an own cultural identity. The (new) constitution, indeed, clearly departs from the postulate of a multination state and recognises the rights of (partial) self-determination of those groups which are seen to be the constitutive elements for the Belgian nation (Martiniello, 1997, p.71). The constitution states that the Flemish, Francophone and Germanophone groups are the fundamental cultural communities of Belgium. This postulate then serves as the basis for organisation of the entire Belgian political field. The Flemish-Francophone divide, however, clearly constitutes the central political axis. Belgium is, however, not only officially built out of three Communities (a Dutch speaking (=Flemish), French speaking and German speaking community), it is also officially the sum of three territorial entities, the so-called Regions (Flanders, Wallonia and the Region of Brussels -Capital). The Region of Brussels -Capital, an enclave within the Flemish Region, is an official bilingual (Dutch and French speaking) region. Both the Flemish and the Francophone Community have jurisdiction in the Region of Brussels -Capital. The region contains nineteen autonomous municipalities. The sum of these nineteen autonomous municipalities is in ordinary life often referred to as the 'city of Brussels'. This could (and often does) create some confusion. The Region of Brussels -Capital is not a city in exact legal terms and has no city government as a whole, but it is a region and has its own regional government and representative body alongside nineteen municipal councils. Only one of those municipalities is officially named 'the city of Brussels' (in Dutch: "Brussel", in French: "Bruxelles"), contains the historical (and touristic) centre and is the actual capital of Belgium. We will be dealing with the entire Region of Brussels Capital here. According to the Brussels Region statistics office, the Region of Brussels -Capital had 959,318 inhabitants in the year 2000, of which about 274,000 (28.6%) were non-Belgian residents. Of the about 686,000 Belgian inhabitants (71.4% of the total population), approximately 15-20% has Dutch (Flemish) and 80-85% has French as the mother tongue. . Although the Flemish are clearly in a minority position in Brussels, Dutch is in principle used next to French as a fully fledged official language, given the official bilingual status of the Brussels Capital Region. The exact procedures to ensure this are the result of over three decades of difficult negotiations and complex reforms, which cannot possibly be exhaustively discussed in the limited context of this paper (for further reading in English see Roessingh, 1996; Fitzmaurice, 1996). Citizenship law and political participation of foreign residents Until recently only Belgian citizens were allowed to participate in elections. Belgian politicians have been remarkably reluctant in enfranchising foreign residents. This was, as has extensively been discussed by Jacobs (1998, 1999, 2001), mainly due to polarisation and electoral struggle over the anti-immigrant vote in the 1980s and early 1990s and to the disruptive effect of the Flemish-Francophone cleavage in the second half of the 1990s. It took till early 1999 before Belgium finally enfranchised EU-citizens in compliance with the Maastricht Treaty and the derived European directive. Foreign residents from EU-countries were thus able to participate in the most recent local elections which took place in October 2000. To be able to participate, they had to register as voters in advance. For Belgians voting is compulsary. Non-Europeans, however, were not allowed to vote in the local elections. Anticipating the 2000 local elections, the former Dehaene-II government had included a special clause in the constitution stipulating that the electoral laws could only be modified in order to enfranchise third country nationals after the year 2001. The electoral law has not been mo dified yet. The new 1999 'purple-green' government Verhofstadt, a coalition of socialists, right-liberals and ecologists, has opted to further liberalise nationality acquisition rather than enfranchise non-European foreign residents. Although socialists, ecologists and the Francophone rightliberals supported enfranchisement, the Flemish right-liberals were able to veto change in this matter up till now. It seems the other coalition partners were temporarily willing to drop the issue in exchange for the new (and in international comparison very open) procedures for nationality acquisition. As in most European countries ius sanguinis, the intergenerational transmission of citizenship, constitutes the basic principle of access to Belgian state-citizenship. Children born to Belgian nationals are automatically attributed Belgian nationality at birth. However, progressively (in 1984, 1991, 1995, 1999 and 2000) ius soli, the acquisition of nationality due to the place of birth, has been introduced in Belgian citizenship law. Although the 2000 reform was supposed to allow a larger participation of former foreign residents in the 2000 local elections, it only had limited effect on the increase of Belgian voters for the October elections due to slow implementation. For the political participation of Belgians of immigrant origin in the 2000 local elections, the 1984 and 1991 reforms are hence to be considered most relevant. In 1984 an option-procedure was introduced, based on double ius soli. Every person born on Belgian soil from a parent born in the territory is granted Belgian nationality by declaration made by the parent(s) on behalf of the child before the age of 12. In addition, an option-procedure was installed based on single ius soli. Every person born on Belgian soil who has been living in Belgium at least one year before the date of application and who has lived for a period of 9 years or between the age of 14 and 18 on Belgian territory can apply for Belgian nationality between the age of 18 and 22. In addition, every person not born on Belgian soil but residing there for at least one year before the age of six, who has been living in Belgium at least one year before the date of application and who has lived for a period of 9 years or between the age of 14 and 18 on Belgian territory can apply for Belgian nationality between the age of 18 and 22. In 1991 the importance of ius soli in the Belgian Nationality Law was significantly enhanced. While in 1984 double ius soli was still linked to a voluntary act of the parent(s), i.e. a declaration


Research tells us much about the effects of primary and lower-secondary schooling on skills inequality, but we know less about the impact of the next stage of education. This article uses a differences-in-differences analysis of data on literacy and numeracy skills in PISA 2000 and SAS 2011/12 to assess the contribution of upper-secondary education and training to inequalities in skills opportunities and outcomes. It finds that greater parity of esteem between academic and vocational tracks, as found in German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, has some positive effects in mitigating skills inequality. However, the most important factors seem to be high completion rates from long-cycle upper-secondary education and training and mandatory provision of Maths and the national language in the curriculum.


Neem seed kernel extract and commercial neem products viz., neem Azal T/S, neem Azal F, Nimbecidine, Neem gold, TNAU neem product 0.03% EC, TNAU neem product NO 60 EC (C) and Indneem were evaluated against eggs, grubs and adults of predatory green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens. The products caused 14.66 to 25.33% egg mortality as against 8.00% in control and 6.66 to 16.66% grub mortality as compared to 3.33% in control. The longevity of treated adult ranged between 18.66 and 20.66 d in treatments, while it was 23.66 d in control. Fecundity was also affected slightly by all neem products (599.66 to 741.66 eggs) as against 874.66 eggs in control.


To solve the problems of lower efficiency and higher cost in the combined system of internal combustion engine and piston water pump, the internal combustion water pump was invented, which can directly use the reciprocating motion of piston for outputting water power. The internal combustion water pump integrates the operating principles, techniques, and structures of traditional internal combustion engine and piston pump. According to the operating principle, three design schemes are put forward. Among them, the backstroke power is provided by the hydraulic accumulator, the combination spring and the flywheel respectively. Besides, these schemes are analyzed and evaluated by using the grading method. Based on the best one, the structural design was completed. Numerical simulation indicates that the effective power, the effective thermal efficiency and the output pressure are about 13% higher than those obtained by the combination system of the internal combustion engine and piston pump, and the fuel consumption is about 12% lower than the that of combination system.


We tested the early performance of 16 native early-, mid-, and late-successional tree species in response to four intensities of grass removal in an abandoned cattle pasture dominated by the introduced, invasive African grass, Cynodon plectostachyus, within the Lacandon rainforest region, southeast Mexico. The increase in grass removals significantly improved the performance of many species, especially of early- and mid-successional species, while performance of late-successional species was relatively poor and did not differ significantly among treatments. Good site preparation and at least one additional grass removal four months after seedling transplant were found to be essential; additional grass removals led to improved significantly performance of saplings in most cases. In order to evaluate the potential of transplanting tree seedlings successfully in abandoned tropical pastures, we developed a "planting risk index", combining field performance measurements and plantation cost estimations. Our results showed a great potential for establishing restoration plantings with many early- and mid-successional species. Although planting risk of late-successional species was considered high, certain species showed some possibilities of acclimation after 18 months and should be considered in future plantation arrangements in view of their long-term contributions to biodiversity maintenance and also to human welfare through delivery of ecosystem services. Conducting a planting risk analysis can help avoid failure of restoration strategies involving simultaneous planting of early-, mid-, and late-successional tree species. This in turn will improve cost-effectiveness of initial interventions in large-scale, long-term restoration programs.


There has been an "old wives' tale" going the rounds that breast carcinoma in pregnancy is a relatively common, but hopeless condition. It has been compared with inflammatory carcinoma. The gamut of therapy has been run from no treatment at all to a conglomeration of all treatment methods employed at once. For example, there are many who believe that the prognosis of breast cancer occurring during pregnancy is uniformly so poor that pregnancy should be immediately terminated and that radiation therapy, locally, should be employed along with radical mastectomy. Following termination of pregnancy, it has been advised by some to routinely remove both ovaries and by the most pessimistic, to immediately begin hormonal therapy of one sort or the other even in the absence of metastatic disease. For obvious reasons, I am sure no one would care to use chemotherapy unless the fetus has been completely evacuated. It is true that the occurrence of breast cancer in a woman of any age is a catastrophe. It is especially true that such an occurrence in a young female, particularly a young mother or a young prospective mother, is a most regretable situation. But it does not necessarily mean that the end of the world has arrived especially if the diagnosis is made early while the disease is limited to a small breast portion and shows no evidence of spread to the axilla. There are a number of considerations generally accepted which seem worthy of further evaluation. In such whole population studies as were conducted in Connecticut' and are now being conducted in Philadelphia County, there is nothing to indicate that the prognosis in young women is appreciably different from women in other age groups. It is generally accepted that marriage and childbearing tends to decrease the incidence of breast cancer at least to a slight degree. It is probably true that the palliative effect obtained in inoperable breast cancer using hormone therapy can be obtained about as well with the use of estrogens as with the use of testosterone and certain people have advised using both simultaneously in the postmenopausal female. Are there estrogen-dependent tumors or is the palliative effect merely an indication of a change in hormonal balance in the individual? In TABLE 1, borrowed from Westberg's study? it appears that Stage I carcinomas treated during pregnancy have a better prognosis than one would expect. Although the total number of cases is small, Westburg showed that as applied to this study, Stage I cases occurring during pregnancy compare with similar cases in the nonpregnant female. An analysis of individual cases from the Philadelphia study3 would tend to indicate certain tumors occurring in pregnant women remain localized for reasonably long periods of time and do not necessarily display the accelerated rate of growth so often associated with breast carcinoma occurring during pregnancy. From such studies as the Philadelphia Study and Westburg's study, it appears likely that delay in diagnosis is a more important factor than the relationship to pregnancy. Although the Philadelphia Study has not been completed and comments concerning it must be considered preliminary, the overall five-year


Conditional structures, or eddies, in turbulent flows are discussed with special attention to electrostatic turbulence in plasmas. The potential variation of these eddies is obtained by sampling the fluctuations only when a certain condition is satisfied in a reference point. The resulting structure has a simple physical interpretation. It is here demonstrated that correlation functions of the type ( phi n(x1,t1) phi (x2,t2)) for n=1, 2, . . ., which are relatively easy to obtain, contain sufficient information to construct the conditional eddies. Experimentally obtained correlation functions illustrate the analysis.


The emergence and survival of tillers and their contribution to yield of three varieties, Asakazekomugi, Norin 61 and Norin 64, were examined in four different soils to find the limiting factors to grain yield. Grain yield was the highest in Gray Lowland Soil (GLS) and lower in Red Soil (RS), Thick High-humic Andosol (THA) and Light-colored Andosol (LCA). Lower yields in the three soils were caused by a small number of spikes. In RS the emergence of Tc (coleoptile tiller), T1-T3 (tillers in the axils of first-third main atem leaves) and T1P (tiller in the axil of T1 prophyll) were the same as those in GLS, but the survival rates of these tillers were lower. The emergence and survival rates of TR (other tillers) were also lower than those in GLS. In THA and LCA the emergence rates of Tc, T1, T1P, and TR were lower than those in GLS. These rusults suggested the need of supplementary nitrogen application from January in RS and phosphoric-acid application before seeding in THA and LCA. Norin 64 had higher emergence and survival rates of T1 than the other two varieties, resulting in the higher yield in THA and LCA.


e18774Background: Molecular tumor boards are useful for understanding molecular profiles and matching patients to targeted therapies. But, a scalable committee to review a high volume of patient re...


The coupling of real-time and non-real-time systems is directly related to different types of faults which require adequate handling. These faults, such as communication time-delays, data-loss or noisy measurements, originate from the incorporation of real hardware (real-time system) and lead to significant challenges in the coupling process. Without compensating their destabilizing effects the simulation results are corrupted. Ignoring those effects can even result in unstable closed-loop systems in the worst case, which may in turn result in hardware damage. This work proposes a recursive FIR-filter design approach which compensates such fault effects. The effectiveness of the proposed coupling filters is demonstrated by a representative example.


Comment on Greve et al. In this issue of Blood, Greve et al report that ovaries from leukemia patients in complete remission do not appear to contain viable malignant cells, in contrast to ovarian tissue retrieved before chemotherapy.


Selecting an appropriate and relevant context forms an essential component for the efficacy of several information retrieval applications like Question Answering (QA) systems. The problem of Answer Sentence Selection (AS2) refers to the task of selecting sentences, from a larger text, that are relevant and contain the answer to users' queries. While there has been a lot of success in building AS2 systems trained on open-domain data (e.g., SQuAD, NQ), they do not generalize well in closed-domain settings, since domain adaptation can be challenging due to poor availability and annotation expense of domain-specific data. This paper proposes SEDAN, an effective self-learning framework to adapt AS2 models for domain-specific applications. We leverage large pre-trained language models to automatically generate domain-specific QA pairs for domain adaptation. We further fine-tune a pre-trained Sentence-BERT architecture to capture semantic relatedness between questions and answer sentences for AS2. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach (over existing state-of-the-art AS2 baselines) on different Question Answering benchmark datasets.


RuCl3·n(H2O) or FeSO4 associated with bipyridyl or substituted phenanthrolines, catalyse the expoxidation of stilbenes by IO4– or ClO–; using phenanthrolines bearing electron donating or withdrawing groups, it is possible to modulate the reactivity of these systems.


The paper analyzed the processing factors responsible for gradation of second phase, rejected solute particles in centrifugal casting that would lead to the production of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The experiment conducted under laboratory simulated conditions involved the solidification of molten wax as the matrix and wood and sand particles as reinforced materials, in a rotating mould. The use of the prototype to establish the influence of the processing factors could be accomplished at a considerably low cost and was decisive in fixing the effect of these factors like the rotational speed of the mould and mould dimension in the real life metal casting paving a way for tailoring the FGMs keeping an eye to its specific end use.


Small renal stones incidentally found on computed tomography (CT) (,5 mm) have a low likelihood of becoming symptomatic or requiring intervention. Stones ,10 mm have higher rate of spontaneous passage, whereas stones .10 mm more frequently require intervention (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based on one systematic review and three retrospective studies.) If active surveillance or waiting for the development of symptoms is the most appropriate strategy remains unclear (no SOR given). Copyright © 2020 by Family Physicians Inquiries Network, Inc. DOI 10.1097/EBP.0000000000001034


In this paper, we explore the power of randomized algorithm to address the challenge of working with very large amounts of data. We apply these algorithms to generate noun similarity lists from 70 million pages. We reduce the running time from quadratic to practically linear in the number of elements to be computed.


In 1929 from East Africa, the new genus Archolabus Voss, 1929 with new species Archolabus methneri Voss, 1929 from the new subfamily Archolabinae Voss, 1929 of family Attelabidae has been described (Voss, 1929). In later work by Voss (1965) considered it in composition of tribe Attelabini of subfamily Attelabinae. Kuschel (1995) proposed that Archolabinae concerned to subfamily Attelabinae. However, in later works (Alonso-Zarazaga, Lyal 1999; Riedel 2002) its status remained constant. In 2001, the author studied types, designated lectotype and transferred these taxa to the subfamily Curculioninae of the family Curculionidae in a rank of a tribe (Legalov 2001). The new material allowed specifying the status of this group.


While the nature of warrants is unclear in both Toulmin's Uses of Argument and in textbook pedagogy based on it, the theory of non-monotonic reasoning could clarify and enhance our understanding of warrants.


Abstract The lecideoid lichen Helocarpon lesdainii (Zahlbr.) Breuss, comb. nova is reported new to the United States from coastal forests of Oregon. Originally described as Lecidea lesdainii Zahlbr. from the Canary Islands, the species seems to be locally abundant in the Pacific Northwest.


Zwart, H.F. de and J.P.G. Huijs, IMAG-DLO, Wageningen: Optimum storage dimension for greenhouses wi th supplementary l ighting and on-site cogeneration of heat and power. (Org. NL), rapport 94-24, 46 pag., 4 tab., 26 f ig., 7 réf., ISBN-90-5406-093-X. Optimum storage dimension for greenhouses with supplementary lighting and on-site cogeneration of heat and power. The application of on-site combined heat and power to feed artificial i l lumination frequently induces heat surpluses. The same holds for the application of exhaust gases of the boiler for carbon dioxide enrichment. Mostly, the heat surpluses span only a short period. A heat storage facility capable of absorbing these surpluses and releasing the absorbed heat in other periods improves the energy efficiency of the greenhouse. The potentials and required dimensions of short-term heat storage are studied in empirical research and by means of a simulation model. It appeared that a storage facility of about 80 m/ha yielded an energy saving of about 14%.


Defining the term "indigenous knowledge" is a difficult process as it encompasses different things to different people. Variations on the term are about as many as there are intelpretations of the concept. Inuit Qaujimanituqangit, or "Inuit traditional knowledge," is a topic of much interest for the Government of Nunavut, which has publicly stated that it will use Inuit Qaujimanituqangit (IQ) as its foundation. IQ, in this context, becomes more than a purely intellectual exercise: from legislation and policy development, to program design and delivery, to needs assessment, statistical analysis, etc. IQ has huge practical ramifications on public administration in Nunavut. The anthropological element of IQ subsides somewhat, and contemporary political and social development issues come to the fore. IQ, then, becomes a question and means of actualizing social and political aspirations of a people. In this paper, I will talk a bit about the IQ work in the Department of Sustainable Development, the policy and program development framework that we developed for the Department, and about the model and set of guiding principles upon which we base our work. On April 1, 1999, a new territory was added into the Canadian federation. The Nunavut Territory was a result of more than a quarter century of Inuit struggle for political recognition within the Canadian federation from which two very important facts are found: 1. A Land Claims Agreement between the Inuit of Nunavut and the Canadian government that formalized a political and economic relationship between the two signatories; and 2. The Nunavut Act, because non-ethnic selfgovernment] was negotiated in the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement, created a public government in which all residents (Inuit and non-Inuit) have the right to influence and participate in the development of political, social and economic policies of the Nunavut Government. The author prepa red this paper while with the Department of Sustainable Development, Government of Nunavut.


Abstract The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to Dr Murray Sidman. He has made a number of fundamental and distinctive, but perhaps neglected, contributions to the behaviour therapy enterprise, from its emergent years to the present. It is also an attempt to engender an appreciation of the continuing significance and relevance of Sidman's research and scholarship to matters of contemporary and enduring concern for behaviour therapists.


Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of bismuth-based quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE databases updated to January 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing bismuth-based quadruple therapy (Bismuth quadruple therapy) with non-bismuth standard triple therapy (standard therapy) for H. pylori infection. Literature qualities were assessed using Cochrane assessment system. Meta-analysis was carried out with Stata 11.0 and Review Manager 5.3. Risk ratio (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were computed. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. Egger's test was performed to evaluate publication bias among studies. Results: Ten RCTs were eligible and enrolled. In the overall analysis, bismuth quadruple therapy achieved comparable intention-to-treat cure rates (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.62~1.30, P = 0.57), per-protocol cure rates (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.54~3.09, P = 0.57), and recrudescence rates (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.49~1.98, P = 0.96) to the standard triple therapy. Side-effects were also similar between those two therapies (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.73~1.13, P = 0.40). Moreover, subgroup analysis indicated bismuth quadruple therapy had significantly higher intention-totreat cure rates (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55~0.93, P = 0.01), but comparable per-protocol cure rates (RR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.49~1.04, P = 0.08) and side-effects (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.76~1.23, P = 0.79) to the standard triple therapy. Conclusions: Bismuth quadruple therapy had similar safety to the standard triple therapy, whereas it was more effective than standard triple therapy in the treatment of H. pylori infection.


The Chinese ancient town novels displayed the traces of national spirit traditions by their morality assessment,through the descriptions of diagnosis and treatments for the diseases.The article described the diagnosis and treatment methods for diseases recorded in ancient works,and investigated the idealogical value of the viewpoints on diseases shown in the works.Especially this article investgated the association between the viewpoint on diseases and Confucian culture,and analyed the limitation of thought.


The fracture reasons for the pin thread joint of central tube of RTTS packer were analyzed through macroscopic examination,chemical composition analysis,mechanical property testing,metallographic examination,fracture analysis and finite element calculation.The results showed that failure form was overload breakage in the root of the first complete buckle of pin thread.It becaused the stress value in the root of pin thread had already at or near the material yield strength when the high-pressure perforating operation had on(and at the moment of low pressure after the explosion of the bullet gun),which resulted in plastic yield damage.


SUMMARY Poultry production has gained in importance in South Africa due to its acceptability, consumption and demand across the nation. Poultry products are a major source of protein and an important means of income. This review paper assesses the current status, constraints and intervention of indigenous chickens. Since the inception of the South Africa Poultry Association (SAPA) in the early 1900s, indigenous chicken breeds have taken a significant role in meeting nutritional and economical needs of consumers and poultry farmers. Several studies have shown that indigenous chicken breeds have been widely embraced for breeding programmes with a high survival rate across the country. Indigenous chicken weight at maturity ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 kg depending on breed and these breeds possess different productive traits capacity. In recent years, use of indigenous chicken breeds has advanced from backyard practices to commercial operations. Studies have shown that the genetic capacity of indigenous chicken breeds varies. Naked Neck breed and Potchefstroom Kooekok had 65% and 31.4% level of heterozygosity, respectively, using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite tools. Nevertheless, indigenous poultry are still confronted with some challenges such as unavailability of quality feed ingredients, ineffective marketing strategies, insufficient supply of quality water, disease occurrence and mortality among others. Suggested solutions to these challenges are development of policy that favours the poultry industry and farmers, well-structured supply of feed ingredients, proper housing and intervention of the SAPA.


Secondary amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is an important complication of some chronic inflammatory diseases, primarily rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is a serious, potentially life‐threatening disorder caused by the deposition of AA fibrils, which are derived from the circulatory, acute‐phase‐reactant, serum amyloid A protein (SAA). Recently, a specific interaction between SAA and the ubiquitous inhibitor of cysteine proteases—human cystatin C (hCC)—has been proved. Using a combination of selective proteolytic excision and high‐resolution mass spectrometry, the binding sites in the SAA and hCC sequences were assessed as SAA(86–104) and hCC(96–102), respectively. Here, we report further details concerning the hCC–SAA interaction. With the use of affinity tests and florescent ELISA‐like assays, the amino acid residues crucial for the protein interaction were determined. It was shown that all amino acid residues in the SAA sequence, essential for the formation of the protein complex, are basic ones, which suggests an electrostatic interaction character. The idea is corroborated by the fact that the most important residues in the hCC sequence are Ser‐98 and Tyr‐102; these residues are able to form hydrogen bonds via their hydroxyl groups. The molecular details of hCC–SAA complex formation might be helpful for the design of new compounds modulating the biological role of both proteins. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


By means of investigation,logic thought and practice,this paper further studies the football specialized course reform.It concludes that the football specialized course including course target,administrative level and feature orientation must be given the accurate orientation in syllabus emendation.The basic principle of syllabus revision is the demand of nation and society.It also puts forward the basic request and concrete targets of teaching target establishment,and the environment design and optimization of teaching surroundings,the concrete measure of compiling teaching material.


We present a significant extension to the Grouped PEPA Analyser (GPA) tool. We have augmented the tool with the ability to specify complex passage-time distributions with the Unified Stochastic Probes formalism and implemented efficient fluid analysis techniques to compute the distributions. The extension incorporates immediate signalling and weighted passive rates and permits two classes of passage time, namely global and individual passage times, to be computed. We summarise how the different classes of passage-time query can be expressed using the Unified Stochastic Probe formalism and present some results from probed GPA models.


This paper investigates the potential of using the so-called Admittance Matrix-Based State Estimator (AMB-SE), plus the normalized residuals technique, for detecting non-technical losses in distribution systems. The AMB-SE presents a constant coefficient matrix, which simplifies the implementation and reduces significantly the computational burden of the state estimation process. However, AMB-SE adopts the concept of equivalent measurements and, therefore, the normalized residuals analysis is performed over the equivalent measurements instead of the actual measurements. This issue is discussed and an adequate way to understand the normalized residuals analysis is presented. The simulations show that the proposed approach has potential do be used for detecting non-technical losses in distribution systems.


A bra? Our profession has worked too hard to be represented by this type of cover, even if done with humor. Inside the journal it was explained that the bra was created to raise breast cancer awareness, but that information was not included on the cover. And I don't know that I would feel any differently about this representation if I had breast cancer. I teach nursing. How do I explain professionalism to my students when this is the cover of our profession's journal? We struggle with students wearing lacy camisoles under their scrubs and revealing their underwear when bending over. We're trying to change this, and this cover doesn't help. Kathy Craven, MSN, RN Port Angeles, WA


Ehrlich FRS & Ehrlich [[1][1]] claim that over-population, over-consumption and the future climate mean that 'preventing a global collapse of civilization is perhaps the foremost challenge confronting humanity'. What is missing from the well-referenced perspective of the potential downsides for


The increasing prevalence of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in industrial environments amplifies the potential for security breaches and compromises. To monitor IIoT networks, intrusion detection systems (IDS) have been introduced to detect malicious activities within the network flow, in which machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) play an important role. However, existing IDSs face challenges during training when dealing with imbalanced training data and a higher number of classes. These issues can significantly reduce the IDS's performance and may result in missed network attacks, especially those with fewer training samples. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a multi-head attention-based gated recurrent unit (MAGRU) that scrutinizes IIoT network traffic to detect malicious activities. In the proposed model, the multi-head attention (MA) has the ability to enhance the learning capability of the model to handle limited sample classes. The gated recurrent unit (GRU) is employed for the detection of IIoT network behavior. The proposed MAGRU is evaluated using two publicly available datasets, namely Edge-IIoTset and MQTTset. To validate the performance of the proposed MAGRU, various ML and DL models were implemented and compared against MAGRU using the same dataset. The proposed model outperformed the other models, achieving an average precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy of 99.62%, 99.67%, 99.64%, and 99.97%, respectively, for the aforementioned datasets. These results demonstrate optimal performance in the detection of intrusions in IIoT networks.


Two trials were conducted to determine the crude protein (CP) requirements of large-frame (LF) cattle managed under two regimes and fed one of two energy levels. Trial 1 involved 216 recently weaned LF calves, while trial 2 involved 192 LF backgrounded yearling steers. In each trial, the cattle were fed diets formulated to one of two energy levels (11.17 and 11.88 MJ ME kg−1 DM) and one of six CP levels (11, 13, 15, 16, 17 and 19% DM basis). High-energy feeding increased (P < 0.05), average daily gain (ADG), average daily carcass gain (ADCG) and average daily fat gain (ADFG) of weaned calves but did not influence the performance of the backgrounded yearlings. Weaned calves fed 16, 17 or 19% CP had higher (P < 0.05) ADG than those fed 11%, while those fed 16% CP exhibited increased (P < 0.05) ADFG. ADG and ADCG of weaned calves and backgrounded yearlings and ADFG of weaned calves fed low-energy diets increased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing dietary CP concentration. Daily carcass lean gain of weaned c...


THE DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG CANCER IS A PATIENT'S FIRST STEP in a long course of testing and treatment that may be complicated by additional factors, such as comorbidities. Comorbidities are simultaneous or sequential illnesses and disorders in the same person. These illnesses also may interact with each other, affecting the course and outcome of each (Valderas, Starfield, Sibbald, Salisbury, & Roland, 2009). Considering comorbidities is critical when initiating and modifying a patient's lung cancer treatment options. For example, because a patient's advanced age and lower functional status significantly affect lung cancer treatment tolerance, clinicians may tailor treatment plans to take these variables into account (Hsu et al., 2015; Valderas et al., 2009). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an often-underemphasized, but prevalent and significant, comorbidity in patients with lung cancer. Before the mid-1980s, clinicians observed that a higher proportion of patients with COPD had lung cancer, but whether it contributed to lung cancer along with smoking, or if smoking was an independent risk factor for the development of both diseases, was unclear (Skillrud, Offord, & Miller, 1986). The relationship between COPD and lung cancer was considered in a seminal study by Skillrud et al. (1986), who examined 226 patients, half with COPD and half without COPD, during a 10-year period. Their trial, confirmed by Young et al. (2009), demonstrated that COPD was an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer when controlling for age, sex, smoking, and occupation. Dyspnea, functional decline, and pulmonary cachexia (unintentional and irreversible weight loss)—all associated with COPD—can heavily affect a patient's outcome, independent of the effects of lung cancer disease and treatment (Lehto, 2016; Schols, 2002). With a reported prevalence of 40%– 70% in patients with lung cancer (Loganathan, Stover, Shi, & Venkatraman, 2006; Soubeyran et al., 2012; Young et al., 2009), COPD is a common comorbidity that oncology clinicians should carefully consider when developing lung cancer treatment plans. The purpose of this article is to present the definition, differentials, diagnosis, and treatment of COPD, and to offer KEYWORDS


Advertising on the World Wide Web has increased at a phenomenal rate since it first began in October 1994, mainly due to an astronomical growth in Web traffic. The recent and rapid growth of web advertising into a multi-billion dollar industry has sparked renewed interest in the age-old question: Does this new medium better than traditional media in spreading the advertiser's message? Does it play an effective role advertising world? However, research on how jobsites on line advertisement play an important role in the employments sectors of our Indian nation. Most of the research had taken to measure effectiveness under the concept of, click-through and response rates for web advertisement. Search engine had not been provided any software (or) machine to calculate the effectiveness of web advertisement on the basis of viewers' perception. Online job advertisements provoke the youngster to immediate online registration and adopt their quick service through online. This paper clearly explains how to measure the effectiveness of web advertisement with clear perception of respondents.

Key words: Web advertising, Jobsite advertising, Job seekers, Effectiveness of online jobsites advertising, etc.


Cyclopropanes are important synthetic targets and intermediates. A series of L-proline derivatives as chiral ligands for the cyclopropanation reaction are reported here. The enantioselective cyclopropanation of cinnamyl alcohol has been accomplished with diethyl zinc and diiodomethane in the presence of chiral sulfonamides derived from L-proline and L-proline esters.


Call For Papers / Appel a contributions Œconomia - History/Methodology/Philosophy http://oeconomia.revues.org/364?lang=fr Economics in the Shadow of the First World War Editor of special issue: Chris Godden (University of Manchester) Expression of interest: 19 December 2014. Deadline for submission: 1 September 2015. Planned publication of the issue: 2016. The centenary of the First World War has generated a plethora of publications, conferences and workshops exploring various aspects o...


University of Tampere School of Health Sciences MULDER RIIKKA Nurses' cultural competence Master's thesis 70 pages and 1 appendix Advisors: Meeri Koivula PhD, docent, lecturer and Katja Joronen PhD, docent, lecturer Nursing Science May 2013 The aim of this master's thesis was to gain information about nurses' cultural competence. The purpose of the study was to examine variables associated with nurses' cultural competence and the level of their cultural competence. The study data was collected with a structured questionnaire that was created for this study by using systematic literature review and Papadopoulos, Tilki and Taylor (2006) model for developing cultural competence. The data was collected in spring 2013 via e-form with web link sent by email to all permanent or temporary nursing staff working in selected field of operation within a university hospital in Finland. Out of 261 nurses 86 answered the questionnaire. The study data was analysed using SPSS 21 –statistics data editor. According to this study the nursing staff's cultural competence is quite good and study results point out that factors influencing nurses cultural competence were; continuous professional education in immigrant patients care, work experience, multicultural workforce, living abroad, immigrant patients' meeting frequency and nurse's age. Continuous professional training in immigrant patient care had the most positive effect in nurse's cultural competence. Long work experience also had a positive impact on nurse's cultural competence as did multicultural workforce and living abroad. Nurses reported the material resources in providing cultural sensitive care to be somewhat inadequate. Nurses were quite happy with leadership and human resources. Most of the nurses felt that nursing managers supported good multicultural nursing, but it did not always reflect on workload distribution as increased time or extra personnel when caring for immigrant patients. This study took place in one selected field of operation in a university hospital and in future it would be beneficial to repeat this study in other hospitals with larger nursing staff intake which would provide a wider viewpoint to nursing staff's cultural competence. In this study nurses were asked to assess their own cultural competence. In future it would also be informative to ask immigrant patients or clients to assess the nursing staff's cultural competence. The study results can be used when planning nursing staff's professional development training in immigrant patient care or care needs assessment.


Dark Matter (DM) annihilation and decay during the Dark Ages can affect the cosmic ionization history and leave imprints in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy spectra. CMB polarization anisotropy can be sensitive to such energy injection at higher redshifts and help reducing degeneracy with primordial spectral parameters in $\Lambda$CDM and astrophysical ionization processes during reionization. In light of a number of upcoming CMB polarization experiments, such as AdvACTPol, AliCPT, CLASS, Simons Observatory, Simons Array, SPT-3G, we estimate their prospective sensitivity in probing dark matter annihilation and decay signals. We find that future missions have 95\% C.L. projected limits on DM decay and annihilation rates to orders of $\Gamma_\chi (\tau_{\chi}^{-1}) \sim 10^{-27}{\rm{s}}^{-1}$ and $\left /m_{\chi} \sim 10^{-29}{\rm{cm^3s^{-1}GeV^{-1}}}$ respectively, significantly improving the sensitivity to DM from current experimental bounds.


The present invention relates to a cylinder stand reversing mechanism, transportation machinery technical field belongs. The main use of carrier sheet, through the expansion reservoir station bolted to the floor; flip-chip placed on the power roller holder, hinged by the shaft seat, the sheet bearing seat carrier is connected, the tip baffle mounted roller reversing power an end portion; stand reversing plate holder mechanism is mounted, with the shaft connected by a linkage assembly; clamping mechanism is mounted by reversing the power roller mount Avenue board; propulsion mechanism mounted on the fixed base sheet by a cylinder holder. The present invention is simple and compact structure, reasonable; since the roller conveyor, clamping cylinder, lifting, advancing shift storing multi-station apparatus, successful completion of transverse transport cylinder, the clamping jacking flip promote displacement storage processes; low manufacturing cost, easy to use transport, stable performance, high degree of automation.


This paper describes a prototype and the experimental evaluation of a chat system that offers cooperation support between a discussion space and an activity space in collaborative learning. In collaborative learning in the proposed system, the students are divided into groups, carry out discussions on a study topic through chats, and create online reports in a cooperative manner. The proposed cooperation support method aims at improving the level of cooperation among students and the effectiveness of learning by making group members aware of other members' learning circumstances through cooperation support in group member utterances and report creation. We use a Wiki as a tool for collaborative work in this research. Cooperation support displays the Wiki's update time and contents on the chat system with activity cooperation support, offering a space for distance collaborative learning and allowing each student to become aware of the other students' situations. In addition, the number of chat utterances is displayed, and other students' situation is easily grasped. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(2): 25–38, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10366


We explore host-based DoS attacks, which exploit the shared computing resources in a multi-tenant cloud server to compromise the server's resource availability. We first present a set of attack techniques targeting different types of resources. We show such attacks can significantly affect the performance of co-located VMs, as well as the cloud provider's management services. Then we propose an attack strategy to compromise the availability of the entire datacenter. We show how power-aware optimization techniques can help the attacker achieve his goal faster, with low cost. We design an effective general-purpose method to defeat memory, network and disk DoS attacks. We use a statistical method to detect changes in the usage of different resources. Once an attack happens, we use resource throttling techniques to identify and thwart the malicious VMs. Our evaluation shows that this defense method can effectively defeat these DoS attacks with negligible performance overhead. We alert the computer architecture community to these catastrophic attacks on the availability of cloud computing resources, to encourage building in better defenses at both the hardware and software levels.