The finance industry has grown, financial markets have become more liquid, information technology has undergone a revolution. But have market prices become more informative? We derive a welfare-based measure of price informativeness: the predicted variation of future cash flows from current market prices. Since 1960, price informativeness has increased at longer horizons (three to five years). The increase is concentrated among firms with greater institutional ownership and share turnover, firms with traded options, and growth firms. Prices have also become a stronger predictor of investment and investment a stronger predictor of cash flows. These results suggest increased revelatory price efficiency. Jennie Bai Georgetown University 3700 O St. N.W. Washington DC, 20057 email@example.com Thomas Philippon New York University Stern School of Business 44 West 4th Street, Suite 9-190 New York, NY 10012-1126 and NBER firstname.lastname@example.com Alexi Savov Stern School of Business New York University 44 West Fourth Street, Suite 9-85 New York, NY 10012 and NBER email@example.com Fama (1970) writes, "The primary role of the capital market is allocation of ownership of the economy's capital stock. In general terms, the ideal is a market in which prices provide accurate signals for resource allocation: that is, a market in which firms can make productioninvestment decisions . . . under the assumption that security prices at any time 'fully reflect' all available information." Since these words were written, financial markets have been transformed: information processing costs have plummeted, and information availability has vastly expanded. Trading costs have fallen and liquidity has increased by orders of magnitude. Institutional investing has become dominant and spending on price discovery has increased. The financial sector's share of GDP has doubled. To assess whether these trends have led to progress towards Fama's ideal, we ask: Have financial market prices become more informative? To answer this question, we first derive a welfare-based measure of price informativeness and then document its evolution over time. Using U.S. stock market data from 1960 to 2014, we find that among comparable firms price informativeness has increased at medium and long horizons (three to five years) while remaining stable at short horizon (one year). Our results from a number of tests support the interpretation that greater information production in financial markets has contributed to an increase in the efficiency of capital allocation. Our first task is to come up with the right measure of informativeness. Standard q-theory (Tobin 1969) implies that investment is proportional to the conditional expectation of future cash flows, making firm value convex in this expectation. Intuitively, investment is an option on information, and firm value embeds the value of this option. It follows that aggregate efficiency is increasing in information (Hayek 1945), which can be quantified by the predicted variance of future cash flows (i.e. the variance of their conditional expectation). We are particularly interested in the information content of prices, which is given by the predicted variance of cash flows using market prices as the predictor. Our price informativeness measure is its square root. We construct time series of price informativeness from yearly cross-sectional regressions of future earnings on current stock market valuation ratios (we also include current earnings and sector controls). We focus on the one-, three-, and five-year forecasting horizons and on NYSE trading volume is up 10 times since 1960. Based on French (2008), spending on price discovery has risen from 0.3% to 1% of GDP since 1980.


India has more than 300 thermal springs spread over the entire geographical area of the sub-continent Some of these springs have linkage with Indian mythology and are famous pilgrimage centres since historical times. The temperature of water recorded in these springs varies from 40°C to that of steam. Some of them are being exploited as a source for geothermal energy. The purpose of this study is to measure radon and helium activity in the thermal springs of Himachal Himalaya. Radon is estimated in the soil and thermal waters using alpha spectrometry and scintil1ometry, respectively. The radon activity is maximum (716.3 Bq/L) in thermal spring (3) at Kasol and minimum (15.9 Bq/L) in a natural spring (bauli) at Takrer Radon concentration is highly variable in the Parbati valley with minimum value of 2230±430 Bq/m 3 recorded at Chhinjra on the banks of river Parbati and a maximum value of 57700±2050 Bq/m 3 at Dharmaur, the site of uranium ore exploitation by the AMD(DAE). Helium is estimated in the thennal springs by using a Helium Leak Detector (sniffing technique). The radon and helium contents of Kasol thermal springs are correJatable with high radioactivity in the soil of the area as revealed by Alpha Guard survey in the environs of Parbati valley. The helium content recorded in thermal springs is found to vary between 15-90 ppm. Radon and Helium are well established as geochemical precursors for earthquake prediction studies. Helium/Radon ratio seems to be a better predictive tool for earthquakes in comparison to individual radon and helium precursors.


Observations on PJOK learning conducted by researchers in class VI students at SDN Kapasari V / 296 Surabaya are somewhat monotonous and teacher-centered. This causes a lack of knowledge and skills of students, especially in short-distance running material, so special attention is needed that needs to be applied to students. This study used classroom action research to determine whether or not students' learning outcomes increased in the short-distance running material using games and learning media. There are 16 students in class VI at SDN Kapasari V Surabaya (Pa : 11 and Pi : 5). Learning outcomes in the knowledge aspect by applying media images can show the average value obtained by students in cycle 1, namely achieving a value of 70. The application of learning media in the form of videos given in cycle 2 is able to improve learning outcomes by obtaining an average value of 80. And by applying learning media in cycle 3 in the form of Power Point was able to obtain an average value of 95. Meanwhile in the learning outcomes of the skill aspect by applying the play method, in cycle 1 as much as 44% of the total number of students were able to achieve completeness in 3 aspects of assessment ( start , run and finish ). In cycle 2 the learning outcomes show that in the start aspect the success reaches 69% and 94% in the running and finish aspects. In cycle 3 the success of students reached 100% in all aspects.


The results of tests performed on the drying of unfired tiles by the action of microwaves are presented. These results show that a reduction of more than 5% humidity can be achieved in less than 5 minutes in a well designed system. Some aspects concerning the difficulties met at the static tests are also given.
Some effects of the changing properties of the tiles during the drying are described, along with measurements of their dielectric constant. These compare favourably with data obtained from a simple formula for a mixture of dielectric materials.


Research of the placental bed began in the late 50s of the last century, and was conducted by two independent groups of researchers who used various biopsy techniques. Histological confirmation that the biopsy material was taken from the placental bed was based on the presence of trophoblastic cells, villi, or altered spiral arteries. However, the absence of these morphological components did not indicate that the sample was not taken from the placental bed.


The technological advancement in applications of membrane processes was efficiently explored in recent decades due to huge demand for potable water. However, relatively little improvements have been reported in the management and handling of the major by-product, called reject water or brine. The disposal or management of desalination brine (concentrate) is expensive and faces major environmental challenges. In spite of the scale of this economical and environmental problem, the options for brine management have been limited. This brief review presents an overview of the existing methods on brine treatment, minimization, and disposal practices based on the newest and most updated technologies. In addition, the review outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the most common treatment and disposal methods from an environmental perspective.


Poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) were grafted to both ends of Pluronic ® F68 ((EO) 75 (PO) 30 (EO) 75 ) triblock copolymer to produce poly{(lactic acid) m - co -(glycolic acid) n }- b -poly(ethylene oxide) 75 - b -poly(propylene oxide) 30 - b -poly(ethylene oxide) 75 - b -poly{(lactic acid) m - co -(glycolic acid) n } (PLGA-F68-PLGA) pentablock copolymers. Molecular weights of PLGA blocks were controlled and five kinds of pentablock copolymers with different PLGA block lengths were synthesized using in-situ ring-opening polymerization of D,L -lactide and glycolide with tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ) catalyst. PLGA-F68-PLGA pentablock copolymers were characterized by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR, GPC, and TGA. The numbers (2m, 2n) of repeating units for lactic acid and glycolic acid inside PLGA segments were obtained as (48, 17), (90, 23), (125, 40), (180, 59), and (246, 64), with 1 H-NMR measurement. From NMR data, the resultant molecular weights were determined in the range of 12,700-29,700, which were similar to those obtained from GPC. Polydispersity index was increased in the range of 1.32-1.91 as the content of PLGA blocks increased. TG and DTG thermograms showed discrete degradation traces for PLGA and F68 blocks, which indicate the weight fractions of PLGA blocks in pentablock copolymers can be calculated by TG profile and it is possible to remove PLGA block selectively. Hydrodynamic radius and radius of gyration of pentablock copolymer micelle were obtained in the range of 46-68 nm and 31-49 nm, respectively, in very dilute ( i.e. 0.005 wt %) aqueous solution of THF:H 2 O = 10:90 by volume at 25 o C.


Deep seismic studies over Permanallur-Dharapuram-Oddanchatram-Pallapatti profile were conducted for better understanding the structure and tectonic frame work of the northern part of Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT), India. The northwest-southeast trending, 140 km long profile over the SGT depicts the basic nature of crustalscale shear zones like Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone (PCSZ), Karur-Kambam-Painavu-Trichur Shear Zone (KKPT) and Karur-Oddanchatram Shear Zone (KOSZ). The seismic evidences in the form of opposing reflectivity trends, horst and graben structure and abrupt south dipping mid-lower crustal reflections along transect indicate episodes of crustal extension and stress accumulation. These episodes might have influenced development of weak zones or faults. Subsequent compressional events might have lead to undulations/ uplifting of crustal columns as indicated by five-layered 2D velocity-depth model (Vp 6.0, 6.6, 6.9, 7.3 and 7.5 km/s). A combined interpretation of long range refraction/ wide angle reflection and the vertical reflection data confirms the basic deep seated nature of the crustal scale shear zones. Presence of diffused reflection Moho is noticed at a depth of ~45 km along the profile. The unusually high velocity of 7.5 km/s in the lower crust, presence of diffused Moho and reflections from upper mantle suggest the magmatic underplating in the lower crust during crust-mantle interactions.


eties over the potential dictatorial economic role of the government. Moreover the carefully cultivated images of patriotic dedication enabled the industrialists to blunt the demands of social critics clamoring for labor laws and unions. Welding "distinctively Japanese" norms to interpersonal relations management could stigmatize social legislation inspired by alien ideals of individual rights and the cash nexus. More importantly still a variety of objective circumstances allowed economic rationality to synchronize with ideological longings. Even the turbulence of the twenties scarcely ruffled the ideological equipoise of the business elite. This class, the author speculates, was invested more deeply in the status quo than in alternative social programs and the feebleness of the labor movement hardly impelled radical ideological soulsearchings.


Ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, sodium nitrate, urea and glycine were the five different commonly available nitrogen sources used at different concentration ranging from 0.5 to 4% w/v to produce ethanol in batch culture. Potato paste made from red potatoes grown in hilly regions of Nepal was used as carbon source. Prior to fermentation all carbon sources were saccharified enzymatically using α- amylase at pH 5 and temperature 55 o C. Maximum yield of ethanol 5.2% was obtained at a temperature of 30 o C and pH 5.0 without exogeneous supply of nitrogen. There is slight decrease in concentration when temperature is decreased to 25 o C but a drastic decrease in concentration when temperature is increased beyond optimum. All the exogeneously supplied nitrogen sources found to enhance ethanol production and cell viability when yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from brewer's yeast was used. Ammonium sulphate was found as best nitrogen supplement among them. Maximum ethanol percentage of 8.3 was observed at pH 5.0 and temperature 30 o C with Ammonium sulphate concentration of 2%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9191 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(1): 41-44


Realization of agricultural output growth will depend on agricultural investment and improvement of agricultural total factor productivity.Scarcity of agricultural production resources determines that the continuous growth of agricultural output can only rely on total factor productivity.Using the method of data envelopment analysis parameters,this paper estimates the total factor productivity in grain-producing provinces of China and employs Malmquist index method to further divide total factor productivity into scale efficiency,pure technical efficiency and technological progress.The result shows that from 2000 to 2009,changes of TFP in grain-producing provinces are not stable,technology in grain-producing provinces shows the progressive tendency,but there is a big difference in their technical efficiency and the reasons causing such changes are also different.


Concrete Containing Fibrous Material Which Increases Its Structural Integrity, Concrete is an artificial material in which the arrangements both fine and coarse aggregate are bonded together by the cement when mixed with water. The concrete has become so popular and indispensable because of its inherent characteristics and advantages either when green or hardened. The use of reinforcement in concrete brought a revolution in application of concrete. Concrete has unlimited opportunities for innovative application, design and construction techniques. Its great versatility and relative economy in filling wide range of needs has made it a very competitive building material.


Entrepreneurship has always been a core source of vitality and competitiveness for the world's most powerful economies, and it is also true for China. This paper summarizes the research results of entrepreneurial team's performance for both domestic and international in term of the basic concepts, measurement indicators and methods of entrepreneurial team performance. This paper also put forward the shortcomings of China's research and future research directions through the combination of domestic and international research results.


This article examines achievement motivation in connection with the political knowledge of upper secondary level pupils at german vocational grammar schools. The influence of achievement motivation in civic courses has been scarcely researched so far. In the expectancy-value model, expectations of success are important determinants of action in relation to academic achievements. Pupils' expectations of success or failure in civics courses have a behaviour-regulating function. They influence pupils' behaviour when learning about politics. In the cross-sectional survey of 470 pupils, results show lasting effects from an approach motivation ("hope of success") and an avoidance motivation ("fear of failure") studied. The data of this study confirmed the influence of achievement motivation in civics courses on the school-related political knowledge. While cultural capital makes no significant difference in the extent of the motivational constructs, a migrant background showed moderate but inconsistent effects and gender had clear negative effects for the girls. In this study, it was shown that based on the theoretical foundation described, the theory of domain-specific competency can be combined with the achievement motivation in Civics.


We observe a strong correlation between changes in the density of paramagnetic silicon ''dangling‐bond'' centers and changes in the space‐charge density in amorphous silicon nitride films subjected alternately to illumination and both positive‐ and negative‐charge injection. We demonstrate that ultraviolet illumination annihilates space charge and creates stable paramagnetic centers in silicon nitride. These centers can be passivated with a 1‐h anneal at 250 °C. Our results provide the first direct experimental evidence associating a specific point defect with the trapping phenomena in amorphous silicon nitride. We also demonstrate both directly and for the first time the amphoteric nature of the silicon nitride dangling‐bond center. Furthermore, our ability to cycle the defect between its paramagnetic neutral state and both its charged diamagnetic states suggests that the optical generation of dangling bonds in amorphous silicon nitride involves no complex structural rearrangement, but simply changes in ...


Purpose To analyze image features of rib fractures in patients undergoing 18 F-FDG PET/CT whole-body scans.Materials and Methods Imaging data were collected from 24 cases with rib fractures who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan,and levels of FDG concentrations were evaluated.Thin-slice CT scans were also performed in all the patients to further evaluate FDG concentrations and CT features.Results There were 64 lesions in 24 patients including FDG score 0 for 31 lesions,score 1 for 20 lesions,score 2 for 11 lesions and 3 for 2 lesions at the sites of rib fractures using visual scoring method.The FDG concentrations were mostly no more than that of the liver (in 96.9% patients,62/64).Morphological signs of rib fractures showed on PET/CT were not as significant as thin-slice CT.PET/CT was not able to clearly demonstrate details of incomplete fractures,which could be clearly observed on thin-slice CT showing incomplete fracture lines,dislocation and osteotylus.Conclusion FDG concentrations and CT morphological signs of rib fractures are characteristic on PET/CT whole-body scan,and it is helpful to differentiate benign lesions from malignancies in ribs.


THE increasing occurrence of primary bronchial carcinoma and the high incidence of metastasis to the lungs makes a comparison of the two conditions of interest. In 1934 the author presented before this Society a study of 78 cases of pulmonary metastasis discovered at necropsy at the Jefferson Hospital in the ten-year period from November, 1924, to November, 1934 (1), and in 1935 a study of 50 cases of primary bronchial carcinoma in which the diagnosis was made by histologic examination of tissue removed from, the tumor (2). This presentation is based on re-examination of the material and a comparison of primary and metastatic pulmonary malignancy as to the age and sex of the patients, the initial and general symptomatology, the roentgen signs, the duration and the prognosis. Histologic Classification.—Of the primary group, 23 (or 46 per cent) were classified as squamous-cell carcinoma, three (or 6 per cent) as adenocarcinoma, and 24 (or 48 per cent) as undifferentiated carcinoma. The metastatic tumors wer...


Fluorine atoms, generated by the 193‐nm ArF laser photolysis of carbonyl difluoride, have been shown to be capable of efficiently and selectively etching polycrystalline silicon deposited on silicon dioxide. The highly specific and rapid removal of either molybdenum or titanium deposited on silicon dioxide has been demonstrated with fluorine atoms produced by the ArF laser photolysis of nitrogen trifluoride.


Introduction: Macrophages containing exogenous pigments are commonly encountered in cytological specimens. Case Presentation: We present a case of tumor tattooing as an infrequent exogenous source of peritoneal fluid macrophagic pigment in a 76-year-old female. Discussion and Conclusion: Tattooing-derived ink can be a source of macrophagic pigment and should not be confused with other endogenous or exogenous pigments. The anatomical location and past medical history of the patient can aid in the diagnosis.


The rapidly evolving field of DNA or biomolecular computing uses biotechnological techniques to do computation. In his Perspective, [Reif][1] highlights the report by [ Braich et al .][2] of the largest-scale demonstration to date of the capabilities of DNA computation. The method developed by the authors may have diverse biotechnology and security applications, including the execution of Boolean retrieval queries in "wet" databases containing strands of DNA.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/296/5567/478
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/296/5567/499


Guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS) to mobile users is the primary aim of cellular broadband system like Long Term Evolution (LTE). Radio resource allocation and scheduling are two important functions in the LTE networks to enhance the quality of service. For increasing the generally user experience, an efficient radio resource allocation and Scheduling algorithm should be used. However, this became a non-trivial task as the demands and requirements of user data changes day-to-day. In these situations, with the limited radio resources, maximum system capacity can be obtained on expense of unfair share of the resources. In this work, high speed cell edge users are considered as they experience poor signal strength and their quality of service degrades when they move away from Evolved-Nodes (e-Nodes). Here, a novel scheduling algorithm has been introduced to extend the cell edge throughput amid during high mobility scenarios. The proposed scheduling scheme will be compared with the conventional schemes like best CQI, RR and PF in terms of throughput and fairness. It is presented that the proposed scheme gives better performance against the conventional ones in the chosen scenario.


The study was conducted to see the effect of processed poultry droppings on the performance of broilers. Sun dried caged layer poultry droppings (PD) moistened to 50% were inoculated with either Aspergillus sp. (AP-1), Trichoderma reesei (TR) 9123 or 9414 strains of fungi @ 0.5% (w/w) and incubated at 30°C for 10 days. The inoculation of PD with fungi reduced the uric acid content from 7.8 to 1.7%. 120, week old broilers were divided into twelve groups often birds each. A basal diet and five experimental diets containing 30 parts of either type of PD and 70 parts of basal diet were offered for 4 weeks. The utilization of DM, OM, NFE and availability of ME were depressed (P<0.05) where as the CF digestibility was improved (P<0.05) in all the diets containing PD as compared to those fed control diet. The poor utilization of nutrients in PD containing diets resulted in low (P<0.05) gain in weight as compared to control diet. The low gain in weight and higher feed consumption in experimental groups resulted in poor (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio. However, dressing percent was not influenced by type of diet. It was concluded that the processed PD should not be incorporated in the broiler ration at 30% level.


New York ? A patent-pending instrument that gently encircles diseased veins is said to offer fewer complications than fiber-based alternatives while all but eliminating downtime for patients with upper leg varicosities.


Based on the difference between the real-time nature of embedded systems and ordinary operating systems, this paper studies auditory communication as an advanced multi-channel communication method, and adds artificial intelligence algorithms to the embedded system design, which increases the sending and receiving rate of auditory communication by 14%. Discussed the problems existing in the management system and operating mechanism of my country's higher vocational education. The last chapter is the focus of this article. It analyzes the public management countermeasures of improving the management system and operating mechanism of higher vocational education in my country from the aspects of clarifying government functions, improving market competition mechanism, incentive evaluation mechanism, and taking the "customer" orientation.


This paper introduces the development, the principle, the structure, the object-flow, the arrangement and technology of a modem purified operating room. In addition, it raises the practical contents of quality guarantee and quality control in public bidding, the design, the construction, the inspection and maintenance.


The present invention includes supplying a pulsed processing laser beam (50), a method comprising processing the tissue by irradiation of pulsed processing laser beam (50), the processing laser beam (50), the wavelength of the laser pulse entering the range of 700 nm to 1400 nm, and FWHM of the laser pulse entering the range of 100 ps from 5 ps, 1.5 J / cm


This paper examines the primary techniques and considerations for blasting of final rock slopes in today's construction industry. Techniques reviewed include: traditional presplitting with decoupled charges; airdeck presplitting; and cushion blasting for slopes with natural appearance. Blasting design guidelines are provided for these techniques. Benefits and drawbacks to these techniques are discussed. The paper also addresses several issues in regard to universal slope design and blasting specification without account for geologic controls that often result in unstable slopes.


The Schneiderian membrane gives rise to 3 morphologically distinct tumours: septal, inverted (IP) and oncocytic schneiderian papillomas (OSP). OSP, although, almost parallel to IP, still have its own distinct features in the incidence, location, clinical presentation and histological examination. Despite the differences, the standard treatment is still surgical removal of the tumour. External approach is preferred but in view of advanced endoscopic technique, it is feasible to remove the tumour endoscopically with carefully selected tumour presentation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12033 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 215-218


Purpose: To describe 2 patients with neurotrophic keratitis after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery who were treated with recombinant human nerve growth factor (cenegermin) and the treatment course. Methods: Case series. Results: After an 8 week course of cenegermin, there was an improvement in visual acuity, corneal sensitivity, and ocular surface staining. However, these effects were short lived, and the disease regressed at subsequent follow-up visits. Conclusions: Although recombinant human nerve growth factor seems to be effective in short term for neurotrophic keratitis secondary to laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery, alternative dosing for patients with this patient population should be considered to achieve long-lasting resolution.


In this study, segmentation of RGB images into two classes (soil and vegetation) is performed by unsupervised classification method based on the hierarchical analysis of 2D-histograms. The 2-D histogram is considered as a monochrome image. The approach we develop in the present paper is based on the classical waterfilling algorithm, which we will apply to monochrome image. We perform the segmentation algorithm by reclassification of the pixels not classified in the determined classes based on a colour distance. The Mahalanobis distance gives best results than the Euclidean one. The proposed approach has been tested on synthetic and real RGB colour images and the results are satisfactory. For the menthe plant image, two classes are obtained by taking a threshold between 8% and 18%, which gives much latitude in the choice of S


Gentiana sect. Cruciata is mainly found on alpine mountains across Eurasia, with the greatest species diversity occurring on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In this study, we determined the phylogenetic relationships between species within the Cruciata section to further elucidate the biogeographical processes governing these relationships. Phylogenetic reconstructions, based on both parsimony and Bayesian methods, were applied to data from four cpDNA fragments (>3,000 bp) that were obtained for 39 accessions belonging to Cruciata and related sections or outgroups. Our results suggested that all the species sampled within this section comprise a monophyletic group, but rejected all previous hypotheses regarding intra-sectional classifications based on gross morphology. Five clades were identified. The basal clade comprised three species that were endemic to the QTP. The clade that diverged second comprised three Central Asian species. The European clade, containing only G. cruciata, was grouped with the remaining two clades containing species from the QTP and central Asia. The biogeographic analyses and divergence estimates Suggested that this section diversified initially on the QTP within four million years. Given the low genetic differentiation, most species/clades may be the result of more recent differentiation. These results together confirmed the long-standing hypothesis that alpine plants in Central Asia and Europe originated from the QTP and/or West China and diversified extensively after the Pliocene when global temperatures decreased.


PURPOSE: To dye cellulosic fiber material with a reactive disperse dye even in an aqueous medium containing no alkali agent and no electrolyte salt by modifying the cellulosic material with an amino group-bearing compound. CONSTITUTION: A hydroxy group-bearing organic fiber, for example, cellulosic fiber material, is modified with an amino group-bearing compound (for example, 2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidine or the like). The modified fiber can be dyed with a fiber- reactive disperse dye at a pH of 5-7 and at 100-210 deg.C. The blend material with polyester fiber also can be dyed with the same kind of reactive dyes through the single bath dyeing process under the elevated temperature conditions.


A system and apparatus for supplying and circulating fresh electrolyte to and through the anode and ion exchange sections of a plurality of related air/metal fuel cells; preventing the flow of shunt currents through the electrolyte between the fuel cell sections; removing heat produced by fuel cell reaction from the electrolyte; removing solid byproducts of fuel cell reaction from the electrolyte; and reconstituting spent electrolyte. The system and apparatus commingles electrolyte with a hydrophobic liquid dielectric which has a specific gravity which is less than the specific gravity of the electrolyte and conducting the commingled liquids through small diameter conductors of dielectric material to the fuel cell sections. The liquid dielectric in the electrolytes and conductors maintain a current path in the electrolyte open and prevent the flow of shunt currents. The system and apparatus operate to separate commingled liquid dielectric and electrolyte flowing from the fuel cell sections; removes heat carried from the cell sections by the liquid dielectric; recommingles the liquid dielectric and electrolyte and reintroduces into the cell sections. The system and apparatus operate to intermittently transfer portions of partially spent byproduct ladened electrolyte circulated through the anode sections of the cells to a separator in which the byproduct is removed from the spent electrolyte.


Motor skill learning can be acquired implicitly without consciousness of what is being learned. The purpose of this study was to examine the...


With social and economic development, people are no longer just satisfied with food and clothing, and very many parents are focusing on the education of their offspring. This education boom has even led to numerous family anxieties. This paper analyzes the educational issues in two Indian films Starting Line and 3 Idiots, including the main causes of educational anxiety from these two films and the underlying problem of educational injustice. The author believes that the educational anxiety in Starting Line is essentially the anxiety of the protagonists family as a middle-class family about their childrens future and the anxiety brought about by the social education involution atmosphere, while the anxiety in 3 Idiots mainly comes from family responsibilities the main character holds and the need to make a living, while both films reflect that the solidification of class monopoly is the root cause of educational injustice.


Results have been given of a numerical-analytical simulation of the dynamics of a vibro-impact mechanism with a crank gear vibration exciter taking into account piston-striker masses. The bifurcation and stability diagrams of periodic motion modes in the mechanism parameter space make it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the influence of piston-striker masses on the crank gear dynamics. The piston-striker masses have been shown to stabilize the periodic motions of the system.


The synthesis of selectively phosphorylated and thiophosphorylated p-tert-butylcalix[6] arenes is described; the solid-state structure of the 1,4-bis(thiophosphorylated)p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene is elucidated by X-ray crystallography.


Application of numerical methods is getting more and increasingly popular in relation to growing laborintensive experiments and the complexity of obtaining detailed information about the flows and chemical processes that occur in them. For example: in the study of chemical lasers, modeling the processes occurring in a fire. This paper describes the development of a system of fast CUDA parallel algorithms for solving difference equations (Navier - Stokes, Poisson) and chemical kinetics, obtained in problems with the modeling of reactions flowing in their variety of substances.


This paper reports that in the United States, nuclear utilities vary considerably in system make-up, type, and vintage of reactor design. They vary from utilities with a single nuclear unit which can compose either a small or large percentage of total system generation to utilities with up to 12 nuclear units which produce 80 percent of system generation. Such variations contribute to different needs in nuclear fuel design by directly affecting fuel cycle length (12, 18 or 24 months cycles) and type of unit operation (e.g., base load or load following). Most components in a nuclear facility are generally designed for the life of the facility -- nominally 40 years. Nuclear fuel, however, is in a sense a consumable product. Average in-reactor lifetimes vary from two to four cycles or roughly from three to eight years depending upon the fuel management scheme employed.


Both researchers and managers cite barriers to incorporating the best available science into land management. This paper outlines a tool that can be used strategically to obtain broad application of new scientific knowledge and technology. The overarching premise of the Diffusion of Innovations theory is that it takes time for individuals, and society as a whole, to incorporate innovative concepts and techniques into established approaches and practices. The amount of time depends on characteristics of the innovation and individuals who might adopt the innovation, as well as established social norms and communication networks. Management communities in different organizations function as social systems with interrelated units, communication networks and established social norms. Individuals in these communities have different levels of comfort with uncertainty that affect how they obtain their information and how quickly they adopt new approaches. Once they are introduced to a new idea, individuals go through the "innovation-decision" process, which includes awareness and understanding, evaluation of advantages and disadvantages, decision, implementation and decision confirmation. Understanding the various components of this theory will help reduce the amount of time it takes to get diffusion through management community. Specifically, researchers can reduce barriers to the use of scientific innovations by targeting each stage in the adoption process and working to understand management audiences. This paper provides an introduction to the Diffusion of Innovations theory for researchers and upper-level managers who are working to improve research application, but who are not yet familiar with this theory.


ABSTRACT Those in positions of leadership are accustomed to having to deal with complex and uncertain situations. However, the on-going COVID-19 pandemic has taken this challenge to a new level of complexity. Although econometric models are being used to predict economic scenarios relating to the fall-out from the pandemic, these forecasts do not factor-in the uncertainty generated by new changes announced weekly by policymakers. The aim of the present study is therefore to apply a fuzzy approach to develop a method for providing consistent and reliable forecasting scenarios that facilitate managers' and policymaker's decision-making in complex and uncertain situations. The chosen context of the study is the case of the potential consequences of COVID-19 for the international tourism sector in Spain, using fuzzy cognitive maps. This semi-quantitative model can help researchers to forecast the potential impact of major events in fuzzy or uncertain environments by constructing flexible and adaptable scenarios.


The sense of belonging is a subjective perception. In traditional societies that are inherently conservative, cultural and religious the perception of the self becomes bound to the holistic context of the society. From the moment you are born you slowly submerge in a world where traditions, culture and the divinity of religion make up almost every aspect of one's daily life whether in public or in private. Slowly the society becomes a collective of individuals who work to safeguard traditions, culture and religious heritage. This holistic bond is, however, broken when a culture of individualism enshrined in the ideals of freedom and rights is instilled in the education and thus value system of those growing up in a traditional society. Meanwhile, the widening cultural gap between East and West renders the clash of civilizations more evident. Taking Egypt as a case-study, this paper examines the situation of those lying at the fault-line of this clash. What makes the situation of those lying at the fault-line of this clash more perplexing is the fact that Western education in Egypt has furthermore created an even wider cultural gap between those who receive such education and thus perceive themselves to be more "Western" and the rest of the society. To the West, Western educated Egyptians are, at the same time, never perceived as being part of this culture due to the fact that they are always put in the stereotypical category of "Arabs", "Middle Eastern" or "Muslims" thus hindering their integration in Western societies. They therefore usually find themselves in an inter-cultural limbo – neither belonging to their perceived nor to their normative culture. This preliminary paper intends to examine the correlation between education and identity and belongingness as applied in the case of Egypt.


The X-ray microanalysis techniques follow today the evident trend in the development of nano-technologies by pushing further spatial resolution. Hence, considering the concomitant developments of laboratory instruments and dedicated synchrotron beam lines worldwide, a very competitive context can be anticipated for the coming years. Towards this perspective, synchrotron based analytical techniques (diffraction, imaging and spectro-microscopies) will play an important role by offering unique capabilities in the study of complex systems. Ultimately, this complexity can be envisioned in three dimensions: compositional, temporal and spatial. Typical experiments can be broadly divided into two categories. On one hand, morphological studies, which require high spatial resolution and are, therefore, well adapted to 2D or 3D full-field imaging microscopy. On the other hand, studies dealing with co-localization and/or speciation of trace elements in heterogeneous systems. Scanning X-ray microprobes using various detection modes – transmission and fluorescence are better suited for the latter cases, which often require both low detection limits and spectroscopic analysis capabilities for chemical composition and chemical state, respectively.


Investigating the effect of globalization on political spheres is among the most important concerns for the scholars in that discipline. One of the most important subjects pertaining to globalization is the reaction of the political discourse to this unique phenomenon in human life. The issue dealt with in this study is focused on comparing the reaction of the reformist and fundamentalist political discourses (in 1370s-1380s in Iran) to the evolutions in the political identity and citizenship under the influence of globalization. The reason for choosing that period is the spread of objective manifestations of globalization with a dominance of western and liberal versions in that period. To do so, we have attempted to use the logic of equivalence and difference in discourse analysis of Laclau and Mouffe to analyze such a reaction. The most important achievement of the present study is that the reformist discourse (cid:150) with Sayyid Muhammad Khatami, Iranian president of that time, as its representative (cid:150) had more consonance and conformity with the spread of globalization. As a result, attracting the signifiers and the signs of globalization of the liberal discourse into the reformist discourse has accelerated in that discourse. On the contrary, the fundamentalist discourse (cid:150) with Allamah Muhammad Taqi Mesbah as its intellectual representative (cid:150) treated the globalized western discourse with a resisting identity approach to the logic of difference and distinction, defining and reconstructing its own signifiers and signs through a confrontation with globalization.


This paper focuses on the design and experimental test results of a belt-driven starter generator for 48-V mini-hybrid powertrains. The functionalities required of the system are engine startup, launch assistant torque, regenerative braking, battery charging, and early fuel cutoff. The cost-effective electrical machine must provide high starting torque and wide constant power speed range, both in motor and generator modes. The authors outline the motivations of the electrical machine topology selection in relation to the specifications and constraints. In particular, a double three-phase induction machine has been selected as a suitable candidate. The aim of this paper is to summarize the design challenges of such kind of electrical machines, mainly subordinated to electromechanical and thermal issues imposed by the considered hybridization solution. Details of the machine design are presented, including a study on multilayer bar stator windings and on rotor slot design. Finally, predicted and measured performances of the prototype are reported and discussed for validation purposes.


"Dream Mechanics presents a selection of works from the past decade by American artist Mary Sherman. Though solidly grounded in her practice as a painter, Sherman's aesthetic approach proposes a sensory and spatial expansion of the traditional territory of painting. By introducing diverse kinetic and auditory elements to the experience of her works, Sherman manages to give flesh to the unsuspected synesthesia of the painterly medium." -- Publisher'S website.


The environmental impact of pharmaceuticals is a significant concern, as understanding their presence, spread, and harm in coastal regions remains limited. The occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, mefenamic acid (MFN), diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX) were studied in river waters. Four sample collections were carried out in five points in the dry and rainy seasons. Solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography using diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) were applied to quantify the presence of MFN, DCF and NPX in river water samples. DCF had the highest concentration (640 ng L-1), followed by NPX (410 ng L-1). MFN was not detected in any point within the used working range (limit of detection (LOD) of 0.07 µg L-1). Additionally, an assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the pharmaceuticals detected in freshwater, specifically in various organisms including algae, mollusks, amphibians, fish, and cnidarians, spanning different trophic levels. The ecotoxicological assessment showed risks ranging from low to high, indicating deleterious effects on several exposed species. No high environmental risk was detected in the sampling areas. Although no immediate negative effects were detected, the potential impact on non-target species should not be disregarded.


The status of comprehensive utilizaiton of remaining heat of hydrogen chloride synthesis by new technology and process was introduced. Not only the thermal pollution was reduced, but also the economic and social benefits were got.


Studies on the seeds of Annona squamosa yielded a novel lipoxygenase inhibitor fatty acid ester, (+) - annonlipoxy (1). Compound 1 was screened for its enzyme inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase (E.C.126.96.36.199), exhibiting activity with IC50 69.05 ± 5.06 μm. Baicalein (IC50 22.6 ± 0.5 μm) was used as a positive control. Crude extracts of Annona squamosa fruit pulp and seeds were screened for its enzyme inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase and acetylcholinesterase. The crude ethanolic extract of fruit pulp and seeds of Annona squamosa also exhibited lipoxygenase activity with 22.2 and 26.7% inhibition, while the pet.ether extract of seeds of A. squamosa exhibited 52.7% inhibition at a concentration of 40 μg/200 ml. The crude ethanolic extract of seeds of Annona squamosa was also bioassayed for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and it was found inactive.


This RFC describes a PICS Proforma translated into an Internet acceptable form. The Original document was developed according to ISO 9646 for conformance test purposes. This document is intended for both developers and users of the NTP (Network Time Protocol). This document contains specific information and performance characteristics for the use of NTP within the context of Internet usage. It is suggested, that users wishing to use the synchronization capabilities of the Internet abide by the characteristics set within this document.


The conversion between amplitude modulation and phase modulation as a modulated signal goes thrugh a filter is analyzed. The difference in how the modulated sideband ampitude experience the filter, and how AM and PM has opposite signs for one of their sidebands interact. The conversion between AM and PM is modelled, providing a scatter model and evaluation of two functions based on the linear filters transfer function. The system bandwidth effects is analyzed and rule of thumb developed to ensure AM and PM isolation.


Movement of labeled amino acids from leaf blades to sheaths was followed after supping "NH3 gas, '4CO2, or '4C-amino-acids to attached blades of barley plants. Blades of turgid and wilted plants fed 13NH3 (at about 120 to 700 microliters per liter) had incorporated 13N mainly into free glutamine and glutamate after 30 minutes, and turgid blades had exported I to 3% of the assimilated 13N to the sheaths, mostly as glutamine and glutamate. Wilted blades exported less of the assimilated 13N than turgid blades even tbough they exported "4CO2 assimilates as actively as turgid blades. When substrate amounts (about 0.28 micromole) of I''Ciglutamate and l'4CIproline were applied to turgid and wilted blades, these amino acids entered the phloem and were translocated at velocities similar to those for "4CO2 assimilates (about 0.2 centimeter per minute). Wilted blades metab- olized tracer amounts of l'4Clglutamate to glutamine and proline, and exported 14C in the form of these three amino acids. Approximate calcu- lations of mass transfer rates of glutamate, glutamine, and proine made for wilted blades indicated that glutamine and glutamate together carried 76 micrograms of N per day, whereas proline carried only about 9 micrograms of N per day.


The income obtained from the spectators who watch matches at the stadium is among the primary incomes of football teams. It is required to draw more spectators to the stadium in order to increase this income. The most important factor that motivates spectators to attend the match is the stadium atmosphere. Thus, it is considered that examining the effects of stadium atmosphere on the consumption behaviors of spectators is essential in terms of clubs and managers who desire to increase their match income. Therefore, in the present study, it was aimed to examine the effect of the stadium atmosphere on satisfaction and behavioral intention of spectators. The data were obtained by Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1): 75-92, 2020 Araştırma Makalesi www.sportifbakis.com E-ISSN: 2148-905X doi: 10.33468/sbsebd.125 76 questionary from spectators who watch the matches in the New Eskisehir Stadium. "The Stadium Atmosphere Scale" was included in the first part of the survey, and items that measure satisfaction and behavioral intention were included in the second part. The structural equation model was used for data analysis. First, the measurement model was tested, and then the relationship between the structures was revealed with path analysis. The results of the study revealed that the stadium atmosphere has a positive and direct effect on both the satisfaction and behavioral intention of the spectators. In conclusion, the suggested model, which was based on the literature, provides essential information about the role of stadium atmosphere on the consumption behaviors of spectators to the football clubs and managers.


ABSTRACT This study was conducted with students attending middle schools in the province of Istanbul in Turkey in order to examine middle school students' visual mathematics literacy self-efficacy perceptions and their self-efficacy in geometry. Research data were collected using the 'Visual Mathematics Literacy Self-Efficacy Perceptions Scale' and the 'Self-Efficacy in Geometry Scale', as well as a 'Personal Information Form' developed by the researcher. This study was conducted using a survey model, and research data were analysed using the SPSS 16 software. It was concluded that: the middle school students' levels of self-sufficiency perceptions of visual mathematics literacy and self-efficacy in geometry were high, the female students' levels of self-efficacy perceptions of visual mathematics literacy and self-efficacy in geometry were higher than those of the male students, the scale scores of the sixth grade students were higher than those of the seventh and eighth grade students, and the self-efficacy perceptions of visual mathematics literacy and self-efficacy in geometry among the students who liked mathematics were higher than those among the students who did not like mathematics. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between the quality of middle school students' notes during the mathematics course and their self-efficacy perceptions of visual mathematics literacy and self-efficacy towards geometry.


In industrial areas the 50 Hz pick-up creates a nuisance in recording the seismic data. This a.c. line pick-up should be prevented from entering the seismic amplifier if it is desired to record the best seismic data. In this paper design of a 50 Hz notch filter is given. This notch filter is suitable for eliminating the line pick-up. It gives an attenuation of 4S db at 50 Hz. It has a 6db band-width from 46 Hz to 55 Hz.


I n a recent study, attitudes of veterinary nurses to the assessment of pain and the use of pain scales were investigated (Coleman and Slingsby, 2007). Ninety-six per cent of the respondents considered that their knowledge and assessment of pain could be enhanced, and 91.9% of nurses did not use pain scales in their practice. Whilst these figures in themselves are not overly surprising, when a similar study involving vets (Capner, et al., 1999) asked, e consider their knowledge to "Do nursing staff in your practic be sufficient?" thirty-one per cen t replied yes. tween what vets believe their This illustrates the disparity be nurses are confident in, and wha t the nurses themselves perceive needs to be addressed. Pain scales Only 8.1% of vet nurses use pain scales routinely in this country (Coleman and Slingsby, 2007). What you may not realise is that all of us "pain score" most of the time, using "pre-emptive pain scores" (i.e. this dog is going to have a fracture repair which I would imagine would be very painful and, therefore, I am going to give this analgesic) and also assessing an animal's response to


PART I: FOUNDATIONS Studying the Molecules of Life DNA: The Repository of Biological Information Chemical Basis of Information Molecules Protein Structure Protein Function PART II: NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE & METHODS DNA and RNA Structure Studying Genes Genomes, Transcriptomes, and Proteomes Topology: Functional Deformations of DNA Nucleosomes, Chromatin, and Chromosome Structure PART III: INFORMATION TRANSFER DNA Replication DNA Mutation and Repair Moment of Discovery Homologous Recombination Site-Specific Recombination and Transposition DNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA RNA Processing The Genetic Code Protein Synthesis PART IV: REGULATION Regulating the Flow of Information The Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes Gene Regulation in Development Online Appendix: Model Organisms


Objective To investigate the role of Prussian blue staining in pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy.Methods A case of hemolysis and renal tubular hemosiderosis disease was selected,and his renal biopsy tissue sections and urine sediment were stained with Prussian blue by using three different formulations based on different literature:20% hydrochloric acid and 10% ferrous potassium cyanide;2% hydrochloric acid and 2% potassium ferrocyanide;2% hydrochloric acid and 1% potassium ferrocyanide.The results of staining were analyzed.Results(1)The optical microscopy of renal tissue showed that diffuse brown particulate deposition of renal tubule,vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelial cells and shedding of a few of cells.(2)The three formulations of Prussian blue staining showed similar results.The guttate or lumpish blue particles were inside or outside of renal tubular epithelial cells.(3)Prussian blue staining of urine sediment showed the scattered blue particles were inside or outside of the deciduous epithelial cells,consistent with renal tissue.Conclusions Prussian blue staining is useful for diagnosis of hemolysis and renal tubular hemosiderosis disease.


Why do victims sometimes not receive the help they need? One reason may be that people believe punishing perpetrators restores justice, which makes them less willing to help victims if the perpetrator has been punished. Participants who were first asked how much to punish a perpetrator subsequently recommended less compensation for the victim relative to participants who were asked about compensation first. In contrast, participants punished perpetrators to the same degree regardless of whether they were first asked about compensation (Study 1). These effects also held when a third party administered the initial response (Studies 2 and 3). Punishment increased people's belief that justice had been restored, which decreased their desires for victim compensation (Study 3). Thus, the extent to which individuals are concerned about victims is influenced by whether they first consider perpetrator punishment.


Monoclomal antibodies (mAbs) against growth factor or its receptor have raised the second wave of antibody therapy for solid tumors. Transtuzumab (humanized anti-HER2mAb) is the first mAb approved for the treatment of a solid tumor, metastatic breast cancer. Large-scale phase Ⅲ clinical trials are now ongoing to further evaluate the additive effects on chemotherapy and the efficacy as a maintenance monotherapy. Overexpression of HER2 is found only a small percentage of patients with solid tumor, whereas epidermal growth factor receptor is expressed in a variety of solid tumors with high frequency. More broadly applicable for solid tumors is anti-angiogenesis therapy because it is targeting not tumor cells but tumor vasculature. Cetuximab (chimeric anti-EGFR mAb) and bevacizumab (humanized anti-VEGF mAb)have recently been shown to be clinically of remarkable effect for metastatic colorectal cancer. The points at issue are thrombotic events of bevacizumab. In contrast to the mAbs as signal inhibitors, no apparent objective responses were seen in most clinical studies of mAbs against cell surface glycoproteins or adhesion molecules. However, several groups reported the survival benefit of those mAbs, in which anti-idiotypic antibody response may play an important role. In addition, some of their anti-idiotype mAbs showed the survival benefit in patients with solid tumor. Altered self-antigens have recently been attempted to intensify active immunotherapy including dendritic cell therapy. Considering that dendritic cells efficientry cross-present tumor antigens after ingesting them as immune complex those "modest″ mAbs may be of use for dendritic cell therapy as immune complex with altered self-antigens.


This systematic review explores the benefits and difficulties of using technology for the learning of university students with disabilities in both face-to-face and distance learning. Three databases were searched: ERIC, Scopus and Web of Science. The review included 14 articles that met all the inclusion criteria. All the included articles were qualitative studies involving 240 students and 143 faculty members. The data were analyzed using an inductive system of categories and codes. The results are organized around five themes: characteristics of the studies, technological resources most commonly used in university teaching, benefits of technology for learning, difficulties in using technology, and valuation of virtual teaching environments. The discussion and conclusions highlight the positive aspects of technology in the learning of students with disabilities, and warn of the need to improve faculty training and inclusive policies to ensure an effective and accessible use of technology.


Delaying laminar-turbulent transition is an attractive method to reduce friction drag on stream-lined bodies. In the case of natural transition, in which turbulence is triggered by the growth of two-dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) instabilities, this growth of the TS instabilities can be attenuated by introducing steady streamwise streaks into the boundary layer. These streamwise streaks are generated by streamwise vortices, which rearrange the flow via the lift-up mechanism. Such streamwise vortices can be induced by so-called Miniature Vortex Generators (MVGs). Although recently considerable attention has been devoted to the investigation of MVGs, and multiple studies investigated MVGs with di ff erent parameters, there is still no large-scale parameter study available in the literature. This study aims at (partially) fulfilling this knowledge gap. The methodology of Martín & Paredes (Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 31, 505–517 (2017)) is followed in the calculations. First, the economic solution of the governing equations is discussed. Then, the streak amplitude, the growth factors of the TS-waves and shear-layer instabilities, which potentially lead to premature breakdown of the streaks are analysed in detail.


With state personnel training, knowledge innovation mission of teachers should have to adapt to the ideological accomplishment, engaged in a solid theoretical foundation of discipline and the core values of socialism in the era of development and changes in the background, professional skills, comprehensive service quality, not only concerned about the knowledge, skills, and more pay attention to emotion, attitude and values of the transfer of teaching literacy and love child kindness. Colleges and universities should actively construct the excellent teaching culture and reform the professional title evaluation system, set up a special teacher development institution, and constantly improve the core quality of teachers through the research and practice.


Interstitial water in underflow zone is an important factor affecting stream water quality. In order to study the effects of transport and transform of pollutants to stream water quality,the vertical changes of water content,organic matter content,TN and TP in the sediment samples collected at 4 study sites along the west Shaanxi section of the Weihe River in June and December 2013 were analyzed,and a correlation analysis on the transport and transform of TN,TP and organic matter content in sediment,interstitial water and stream water was carried out. The results are as follows: 1 The organic matter content was vertically decreased with the increase of sediment depth in a fluctuation way,but it was increased with the increase of sediment depth deeper than 10 cm in Meixian County in December; 2 The average TP and TN contents in sediment were 18. 55 mg·kg- 1and 13. 52 mg·kg- 1in summer and 6. 48 mg·kg- 1and 2. 91 mg·kg- 1in winter,respectively,and the sediment was seriously polluted,especially in summer. The compared results of TP and TN in sediment,interstitial water and stream water revealed that there was a source-sink relationship between sediment,interstitial water and stream water,the TP and TN contents in sediment and interstitial water were higher than those in stream water; 3 The correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between TP and TN in sediment and interstitial water,but not in sediment. Moreover,the correlation between TP and TN in sediment,interstitial water and stream water in summer was more significant than that in winter.


in Charge density analysis [1] of accurate high-resolution single-crystal X-ray diffraction data is a matured branch of crystallography. At ultra-high resolution the deformation of the electronic cloud of atoms due to chemical bonding and interactions is highlighted via multipole modeling of electron densities. The derived electron densities and the electrostatic potentials can be utilized to calculate electrostatic interaction energies. Hydrogen bonds can be characterized by performing topological analysis of electron densities at the bond critical points. Although this technique is well-established for small molecules [2] this methodology has recently been adopted for macromolecules [3] as the number of biological macromolecular structures at ultra-high resolution (less than 1 Angstrom) are increasing gradually. However, the accuracy of charge density models and so the chemical bonding features are highly dependent on the quality of diffraction data, which is directly linked to the characteristic of the radiation sources and the performance of the detectors used, other than the sample history. This presentation will review some of the best recent reports of charge density studies in small molecules and proteins using various facilities and also highlight some new results from charge density analysis in organic chromophores using second generation home source and advanced detector. The various cases considered in this presentation may help users to evaluate the best combination of sources and detectors to be used for their respective samples to perform accurate charge density analysis.


Given the demographic changes in our society and the positive effects of volunteering on older adults and on service recipients, service opportunities for older adults should be expanded. The development of institutions is a potentially powerful route to maximizing this potential. We propose five dimensions of institutional capacity, including expectation, access, information, incentive, and facilitation. Pilot data indicates that organizations offering service opportunities to older adults vary on these dimensions.


Background The muscle glycogen synthase gene (GYS1) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the metabolic syndrome (MetS), male myocardial infarction and a defective increase in muscle glycogen synthase protein in response to exercise. We addressed the questions whether polymorphism in GYS1 can predict cardiovascular (CV) mortality in a high-risk population, if this risk is influenced by gender or physical activity, and if the association is independent of genetic variation in nearby apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). Methodology/Principal Findings Polymorphisms in GYS1 (XbaIC>T) and APOE (-219G>T, ε2/ε3/ε4) were genotyped in 4,654 subjects participating in the Botnia T2D-family study and followed for a median of eight years. Mortality analyses were performed using Cox proportional-hazards regression. During the follow-up period, 749 individuals died, 409 due to CV causes. In males the GYS1 XbaI T-allele (hazard ratio (HR) 1.9 [1.2–2.9]), T2D (2.5 [1.7–3.8]), earlier CV events (1.7 [1.2–2.5]), physical inactivity (1.9 [1.2–2.9]) and smoking (1.5 [1.0–2.3]) predicted CV mortality. The GYS1 XbaI T-allele predicted CV mortality particularly in physically active males (HR 1.7 [1.3–2.0]). Association of GYS1 with CV mortality was independent of APOE (219TT/ε4), which by its own exerted an effect on CV mortality risk in females (2.9 [1.9–4.4]). Other independent predictors of CV mortality in females were fasting plasma glucose (1.2 [1.1–1.2]), high body mass index (BMI) (1.0 [1.0–1.1]), hypertension (1.9 [1.2–3.1]), earlier CV events (1.9 [1.3–2.8]) and physical inactivity (1.9 [1.2–2.8]). Conclusions/Significance Polymorphisms in GYS1 and APOE predict CV mortality in T2D families in a gender-specific fashion and independently of each other. Physical exercise seems to unmask the effect associated with the GYS1 polymorphism, rendering carriers of the variant allele less susceptible to the protective effect of exercise on the risk of CV death, which finding could be compatible with a previous demonstration of defective increase in the glycogen synthase protein in carriers of this polymorphism.


Travel medicine is an exciting and rewarding field. This article has provided an overview of basic sources of information. The interested clinician will find many other sources of information on special topics or on travelers with special medical conditions.


The Green function formalism of Bhagavan and Edwards is used to evaluate the relative magnitudes of the Peierls doubling and Cooper pairing vertices in one-dimensional systems. It is found that they are roughly the same. This indicates that the Peierls doubling process is likely to inhibit the formation of a superconducting state.


Surveillance and early detection and curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the mainstay of improving survival for patients, but there are several barriers to achieving this goal. We reported the impact of remoteness of residence on receipt of treatment, tumor stage, and survival in patients with HCC in Queensland.


Transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization using Lipiodol® is one of the treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. During this procedure, it is important to monitor the Lipiodol® deposited inside tumors. This study proposes a method for measurement of the temperature dependence of the velocity of sound in biological tissues. An ultrasonic pulse-echo method was used to measure the velocity of sound. The temperature coefficients of the velocity of sound for Lipiodol® was −2.82 m s−1 °C−1. Values of 1.07 and 1.59 m s−1 °C−1 were obtained for normal rat liver and cancerous liver tissue, respectively. Thus, this procedure may potentially allow for the evaluation of the infiltration of Lipiodol® inside tumors.


origin but they have somehow made their way to the Middle East. Evidence of Greek influence in Islamic celestial cartography, albeit in an extremely bad condition, can still be seen in the ceiling of the bath house in Qusayr' Amra, an eighth-century desert castle in presentday Jordan. The influence of Greek science can also be identified by the many books translated into Arabic, especially during the reign of Caliph al-Ma'mun (813–833). Ptolemy's Mathematike Syntaxis or better known as the Almagest (not surprisingly, a corruption of the Arabic word al-Majisti), is one of them. Star catalogues based on Almagest have been produced many times over. One of the most important is Book of Constellations of Fixed Stars by al-Sufi (903–86), which is very innovative as it always describes the constellations from the perspective of the observer – basically to make life easier for those who study the sky. Curiously, despite all the treatises and zij (astronomical books), not one celestial map made in the Islamic world has ever been found. Either they are completely lost for which the world could only mourn and lament or still hidden somewhere undiscovered. Discussions in this monograph centre on, among other things, the prerequisites to globe making, rules on drawing the constellations including the difference in Greek and Islamic depictions, skyand globe-view planispheres, the various treatises including the Latin translations of the Arabic versions as well as the 16 still-existing Islamic celestial globes made before 1500. Other globes analysed here are the Larissa, of which only a photograph remains; the Kugel, that is well suited for reading Aratus's poem; the Hyginus, which is only known through a text and the Farnese, the oldest known. Also explored are the various maps including the Dyffenbach, which is such a novelty as the stars are marked by their magnitudes; the Vienna, with the images of constellations that are not from any specific tradition, and in addendum, a pair of maps attributed to the Jewish culture in fourteenthcentury Spain. To sum up, the expositions are very thorough and are repleted with footnotes and appendices. The research that spans from Antiquity to Medieval Europe seems exhaustive. Obviously, it is for the benefit of those in the know as without a good grasp of the celestial sky, namely the constellations and their stars, not to mention how to read it, readers would find the text difficult to follow. Indeed, this monograph would only appeal to astronomers, students of art history, professional historians, curators and such. Nevertheless, kudos to the author for her generosity in providing the difficult-to-access photographs, including the colour plates, which would be most useful to serious readers. Just a couple of things to be amended: references to (John) North are sometimes not capitalized e.g. 'As north has shown ...' and the word Muslin should be changed to Muslim in the first line of Chapter 5.


The Hellenistic period came to a turbulent end in the first century BC, when Roman power gained direct control over the whole Mediterranean. This had an significant impact on Greek festival culture, too. This paper discusses two closely related changes in the agonistic world in the first century BC: the emergence of ecumenical synods of competitors which replaced the Hellenistic regional associations of artists, and the development of an integrated festival network in Italy, Greece and Asia Minor. An overview of the first sources about the ecumenical synods is followed by an analysis of societal circumstances which strengthened the interconnectedness of agones and encouraged experiments with new organisational forms. A special focus lies on economic, political and cultural dynamics in Asia Minor, which drove the development of a new agonistic world under the aegis of Rome.


The invention relates to an automatic gear shift drive device for a bulldozer and a gear shift control method. The drive device is provided with two oil pumps dynamically connected with an engine, two drive hydraulic motors and a drive controller, wherein a gear output signal end of a control handle is connected with the drive controller; an engine controller signal is connected to the drive controller through a CAN bus; and the drive controller is provided with an output control signal end corresponding to the oil pumps and the hydraulic motors; the hydraulic motors are set a plurality of fixed displacements corresponding to the speed gears at intervals; the hydraulic motor receives a gear input signal of the control handle and simultaneously receives a drive oil pressure signal in real time; when the oil pressure exceeds a low-order set value, the displacement of the hydraulic motor regulated by an output signal is increased; when the oil pressure reaches a high-order set value, the displacement of the corresponding hydraulic motor reaches the maximum value; and when the oil pressure drops from the high-order set value, the regulated displacement of the hydraulic motor is decreased. The bulldozer can automatically adapt to the variation in load by controlling the displacement of the motor, thereby reducing the frequency of manual gear shifting and keeping the drive oil pressure to be within a proper range all the time so as to keep the oil pumps and the hydraulic motors working at high efficiency.


It was established that 77,72 ± 1,38 % of students have normal nutritional status, 13,50 ± 2,57 %– inadequate nutritional status, and of 8,78 ± 2,70 % – redundant power status. A significant part of the diets account for bakery and confectionery products, at the same time revealed a low consumption of such basic foods as milk and dairy products, meat, fish. The energy value of the diets of the students were below the physiological norms by reducing the income of protein and carbohydrates. Students are also experiencing a shortage of virtually all vitamins and most minerals. It was established that the quality of life of students with different nutritional status differs, girls have reduced quality of life when excess nutritional status, in boys – while insufficient.


Nonequilibrium plasmas offer a pathway for energy-efficient CO2 conversion through vibrationally induced dissociation. However, the efficiency of this pathway is limited by a rise in gas temperatur...


Contents: Preface Getting back to business Live music and the state A snapshot of Bristol in October-November 1962 Being a musician Do-it-yourself! A snapshot of Glasgow in October-November 1962 Youth The recording industry A snapshot of Sheffield in October-November 1962 Venues, audience and promoters The Rolling Stones, Richmond 1963 Bibliography Index.


Neurogenomics
CRISPR targeting in vivo, especially in mammals, can be difficult and time consuming when attempting to determine the effects of a single gene. However, such studies may be required to identify pathological gene variants with effects in specific cells along a developmental trajectory. To study the function of genes implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), Jin et al. applied a gene-editing and single-cell–sequencing system, Perturb-Seq, to knock out 35 ASD candidate genes in multiple mice embryos (see the Perspective by Treutlein and Camp). This method identified networks of gene expression in neuronal and glial cells that suggest new functions in ASD-related genes.

Science , this issue p. [eaaz6063][1]; see also p. [1038][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaz6063
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abf3661


The present study aimed to identify factors that affect healthcare and detergent industries' exports in Iran. Based on the theoretical basis, review of the previous studies and also the information obtained from the mentioned industry, a total of 47 factors that might affect exports has been identified. These factors have been put into 6 dimensions of Porter's National Diamond model. To identify the most important factors, data obtained from 106 questionnaires were analyzed by conducting One-sample T-Test. 18 important factors have been identified and categorized into 6 different dimensions. AHP method has been used to rank the sixmain obstacles to export. The impact of each obstacle was evaluated and ranked according to its intensity, generalizability, controllability, and the amount of efforts put in, in order to remove the obstacle. Data for AHP analysis was collected by pairwise comparison matrix questionnaire. At this level, the study sample was 30 cases which were chosen through nonprobability sampling method (purposive sampling). Export's obstacles were then prioritized as follow: 1) government, 2) factor conditions 3) chance 4) demand conditions 5) related and supporting industries 6) firm strategy structure and rivalry.


2 ZAO «T-Services», Moscow, Russia We investigate the mathematical model of three-phase non-isothermal binary mixture flows in porous media under sub- and supercritical conditions. We analyze the problems of numerical simulation of flows in a porous medium assuming that enthalpy is an independent variable of the model. We propose a continuous finite-difference approximation of convective fluxes under near-critical thermodynamic conditions. The model can be used for numerical simulation of the problems of underground carbon dioxide storage, geothermal energy production and hydrocarbon deposits exploration.


Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons to estimate the effect of organic (compost and compost tea), mineral (100%, 75% and 50% from recommended dose of NPK) and bio-fertilization (without, mixture of bacteria with fungi and EM) as well as their interactions on growth, yield and quality of broccoli plants. Data which obtained in this experiment indicated that organic treatments gave the highest means of vegetative growth parameters, total yield and quality of broccoli heads were recorded from plants which fertilized with compost compare to compost tea except total carbohydrates and regarding to mineral fertilization, broccoli plants which fertilized with 75% NPK from recommended dose gave the maximum means of all studied characters in both seasons. Moreover bio-fertilizers, the highest values of all parameters were resulted from plants treated with EM followed by bio-fertilizer mixture treatment in both seasons. It could be recommended that fertilization of broccoli plants with compost (4 ton/fed.), 75% NPK from recommended dose and inoculation with EM (10 ml/plant) in would improve broccoli plants productivity and quality.


The Italian Archaeological Mission in Hierapolis has celebrated, in 2017, sixty years of uninterrupted activity in one of the most important archaeological sites in Turkey. As to-day, Hierapolis was also famous 2000 years ago, due to the natural phenomena associated with the presence of a seismic fault. In a site with such characters it was necessary to assemble a multidisciplinary team, including experts from the fields of seismology and geology in particular. Over the last few decades, the international collaboration has also become consolidated, with projects on the region's ancient population. At the request of the Turkish authorities, the Mission has conducted an intense programme of restoration.


Introduction: A cross-over design is a repeated measurements design such that each experimental unit receives different treatments during different time periods. Lower order cross-over designs such as the two treatments, two periods and two sequences C (2, 2, 2) design have been discovered to be inefficient and erroneous in their analysis of treatments efficacy. In this regard, higher order cross-over designs have been recommended and developed like: the two treatments, three periods and four sequence C (2, 3, 4) design; and the two treatments, four periods and four sequence C (2, 4, 4) designs. However, there still exists more efficient higher order cross-over designs for two treatments which can be used in bioequivalence experiments. This study gives a new design and analysis for two treatments, five periods and four sequence C (2, 5, 4) cross-over design that gives more precise estimates and provides estimates for intra subject variability.
Method: A hypothetical case study was considered on 160 experimental units which are assumed to be randomly selected from a given population. A cross over design of two treatments (A, B) in five periods whose sequences are given by BABAA, ABABB, BAABA and ABBAB were used. Each of the experimental units was used as its own control. The estimates for both direct treatments and treatments carry-over effects were obtained using best linear unbiased estimation method (BLUE). We simulated data for two treatments in five periods and four sequences and used it to test the null hypotheses of no significant differences in both the direct treatments and treatments carry-over effects using the  test. The subject profiles plots were used to determine the general trend so as to enable an experimenter make a decision on which of the two treatments under consideration was more efficacious.
Results: In testing the null hypothesis of no significant difference in carry-over effects for the two treatments (A&B), the calculated value was found to be 0.55 which was less than the tabular value at 156 degrees of freedom at 95 % confidence level, hence the null hypothesis was not rejected. Similarly, In testing the null hypothesis of no significant difference in treatment effects for A&B, the calculated value was found to be 11.73 which was higher than the tabular value at 156 degrees of freedom at 95% confidence level hence the null hypothesis was rejected, and it was concluded that there was indeed a significant difference in the treatment effects. The mean subject profiles plots for a majority of periods and their respective sequences indicated that the general trend implied that treatment B was more effective as compared to treatment A.
Conclusion: In cross-over designs, the presence carry-over effects affect the precision of treatments effects estimates in an experiment. Apart from increasing the washout periods, increasing the number of periods in cross-over designs can help in eliminating the carry-over effects. The C (2, 5, 4) design in this study gives more precise estimates and can provide estimates for intra subject variability. The simulated data indicated that there was significant difference in the treatment effects, and in comparison of the two treatments, treatment B was more effective as compared to treatment A.


The peripheral blood cells of the pike eel Muraenesox cinereius were stained by Wright′s and Giemsa′s stain. Six major cell types,erythrocyte, thrombocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil granulocyte and eosinophil granulocyte, were recognized by using light microscope on the stained smears. In addition, the immature, dividing, dissolved and "nuclear shadow" erythrocyte were also found. But basophil granulocyte was not found in blood smears. Among these cells, the erythrocyte was the most abundant, ellipsoid and with an ellipsoid nucleus. Among the leucocytes, thrombocyte was the most abundant, disperse and with four shapes. Lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil granulocyte and eosinophil granulocyte were basically similar to other fishes.


Molecular scale electronics has become an attractive alternative and even extension to existing microscale technologies as they migrate to the nanoscale. With recent research in the field of molecular and nano electronics, devices such as switches and resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) have been developed which exhibit properties such as rectification, hysteresis and negative differential resistance (NDR). These devices have been utilized to realize circuits that can implement both memory and logic structures. This work revolves around the robustness of these nanoscale devices when employed in nanoelectronic programmable majority logic arrays (PMLA), programmable logic circuits based on majority logic resulting from NDR. We also show the results of corner analysis of the circuit's performance under parameter variations, and describe the behavior requirements of the aforementioned molecular devices, especially those of molecular switches, for the system to function efficiently.


Sir, I read the above article ( JAPI Mar 2014, Vol 62, pg 64-66) with the great intrest. Patient was detected to be hypertensive 10 years back, that is at the age of 35 yrs, in all probability it was manifestation of polycythemia vera (PV), as is almost 50% of PV present with sencondary hypertens ion .Hypertens ion i s caused by rise in hematocrit and resultant hyperviscosity leading to increase in intraarterial pressure. Since the patient had no fever, tachycardia, leucocytosis or tender sp l e e n o n ad m i ss i on t h e r eb y suggesting that most likley he had infarction 2 months back when he developed left hypochondriac pain. The natural history of infarction is progression to f ibrosis as it i s a bland infarct ion. Cl inical examination in this case recorded spleen size 16 cm below left coastal margin while USG abdomen and CT abdomen reported splenic span of 18 cm and 20 cm, respectivley, implying s ize could not have been 16 cm below coastal margin. Splenomegaly in "active" PV is mostly due to increased red cell mass and not due to medullary hematopoiesis which occurs in case of 'spent burnt out' PV. P a t i e n t u n d e r w e n t f i v e phlebotomies for 4 weeks and as expected and as reflected in Table 1 his Hb serially diminished but surprisingly the hematocrit (Hct) kept on rising from 64.2 to 69.3%, so also the MCH from 21.7 to 23.5 pg, despite frequent phlebotomies draining 500 ml blood each time. The goal of phlebotomy is to bring Hct to less than 45% in male and less than 42% in female cases. Initially it can be done weekly or twice weekly till Hct normalises and later once in a 3-6 months. With the advent of efffective cy toreduct ive agents such as hydroxyurea, interferron alfa , a n a g r e l i d e a n d p i p o b r o m a n , splenectomy is hardly performed in PV except few select patients who are intolerant of or unresponsive to cytoreductive agents.1 The safety and benefits of low dose aspirin in PV has been proved in ECLAP study2 and thus low dose apsirin could have been added in this case.


A new method for synthesizing a chlorhydrate of 1,3-bis (3,4-diaminophenoxy) benzene has been suggested. 5-chloro-2-nitroaniline has been used as an initial substrate for the formation of triplering structure, that allows to reduce the number of stages and to optimize the reaction conditions. The stabilization of formed labile tetraamine has been achieved by treating chloroform extraction with hydrochloric acid, and transformation it to the chlorhydrate, which can further be used to produce heat-resistant polymer materials.


Changing role of bibliographic organization belongs to enviromental,technical and social differentiation in last two decades. Librarians have new responsibilities out of their established principles and systems. User behavior and IR tradiation are changed, materials for organization also differentiate from published to electronic. Proffesional qualities for bibliographic organization people become varied. Descriptions for the positions available are examples for the changing quality of professionals. For "cataloging and metadata services" it is necessary, e.g. cataloging and metadata rules (FRBR, RDA), standards (MARC, Dublin Core) Dewey/LC classification, LCSH, digital content management,vision for cataloging and metadata services, connections within the profession to keep up with trends,etc. University departments have to leader position with their quicly developed programs and it is also necessary to make cooperation with professionals in the market.


ABSTRACT Making computationally embedded things demands cross-disciplinary creativity, and creative designers must master many materials and methods. The studio-laboratory workspace is essential for learning to engage in such creative endeavors. In this kind of environment, students are encouraged to define their own problem statements and decide what to design. The faculty encourages tinkering, design and the play instinct. In this paper, the authors present their interest in building methods and tools that can open new design spaces in the studio-laboratory environment. They reflect on the distinctive characteristics of this learning environment and how these qualities aid design and foster creative engagement.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are starting to have a high impact on our societies and, for next generation WSNs to become more integrated with the Internet, researchers recently proposed to embed IPv6 into such very constrained networks. Also, constraint application protocol (CoAP) and Observe have been proposed for RESTful services to be provided. CoAP/Observe supports the use of caches/proxies and, for this reason, an observation request may resort to multiple client/server registration steps in order to get notifications. Here, we propose to plan the multiple registration steps, at proxies, of multiple observation requests in order to make proper aggregation/scheduling of notifications for transmission. This leads to less energy consumption and to an effective use of bandwidth, avoiding energy depletion of nodes, and increasing the network lifetime. Besides, mathematically formalizing the problem, a heuristic approach is developed and a discussion on how to incorporate algorithm's decision into the network is done. The proposed framework can be applied to multiple application domains (e.g., monitoring, machine to machine).


Recent advancements in CMOS technologies enable Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (DMAPS) realizations by exploiting high resistivity and/or high voltage biasing to deplete a large active sensing volume. DMAPS have emerged as a promising alternative for particle detection in high energy physics due to their low cost, reduced manufacturing complexity and high granularity. In the framework of the ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS) upgrade, prototype sensors have been designed and characterized in the TowerJazz 180nm standard CMOS imaging process and in a novel modification of this process to achieve full depletion. Measurement results demonstrate that the sensors manufactured using the modified process are fully functional even after a dose of 1015neq/cm2, which is the expected NIEL of the outer layers of the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) during the future High Luminosity Large Hardon Collider (HL-LHC) operation. Based on these encouraging results, two highly granular, low power DMAPS chips with different readout architectures have been designed and are being proposed for the ATLAS ITk upgrade.


Abstract Hyperlipidemia is associated with chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz (NO) on diet‐induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Experimental animals received a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks, then an HFD supplemented with 2.5% or 7.5% NO for 6 weeks. HFD‐fed mice exhibited a significant increase in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low‐density lipid cholesterol, and a decrease in high‐density lipid cholesterol. NO supplementation was associated with significantly lower dyslipidemia, decreased intestinal inflammation, and inhibition of toll‐like receptor 4 gene repression in HFD‐fed mice. Results suggest that NO treatment protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier. NO treatment was also associated with significant changes in the intestinal microbiota induced by HFD and an increase in the Firmicutes‐to‐Bacteroidetes ratio. Furthermore, NO treatment was also inversely correlated with mice obesity and hyperlipidemia NO and was associated with no significant in fecal short‐chain fatty acids. In conclusion, NO significantly ameliorated hyperlipidemia induced by a HFD in mice, potentially via a decrease intestinal inflammation, increase in intestinal barrier integrity, and amelioration in the gut microbiota.


This paper firstly introduced the principle of DMC algorithm,and then applied the DMC algorithm to the temperature control of electric heater,and the system robustness and the noise level on the influence of the system were analyzed and studied.The simulation results confirmed that DMC algorithm can obtain a more satisfactory control performance,compared with the traditional PID control and IMC-PID control system.DMC algorithm makes the system with strong robustness and anti-interference performance,effectively improves the system performance indicators,and is a worthy promoting method of process control.


Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is used to detect molybdenum in water samples with hot coating graphite tube which is no platform when ashing temperature is 1850 degree,and atomic temperature is 2380 degree.Six samples are detected with excellent accuracy and precision,among which relative standard deviation is less than 10%,and fraction product recovery is between 96.6 to 101 percent.


There are some questions such as understanding, system, laws and policy, funds investment and talent training, which affect the continuous development of higher vocational education in China. In view of these questions, the authors put forward the countermeasures which include setting up the scientific idea of development and the correct talent concept, strengthening the legal safeguard and the policy guidance, realizing the higher vocational colleges' autonomous right to running schooling, constructing talent training pattern on the cooperation of industry, school and research, strengthening theoretic research on the higher education and so on.


In the research reported in this paper, we propose to overcome the unavailability of Global Positioning System (GPS) using combined information obtained from a scanning LADAR rangefinder on an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) and a LADAR mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that flies over the terrain being traversed. The approach to estimate and update the position of the UGV involves registering range data from the two LADARs using a combination of a feature-based registration method and a modified version of the well-known Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. Registration of range data thus guarantees an estimate of the vehicle's position even when only one of the vehicles has GPS information. Additionally, such registration over time (i.e., from sample to sample), enables position information to be maintained even when both vehicles can no longer maintain GPS contact. The approach has been validated by conducting systematic experiments on complex real-world data.


We present experimental results from second-harmonic generation studies of lithographically-prepared arrays of centrosymmetric gold nanorods, extending a previous treatment. The arrays serve as diffraction gratings, allowing control over the emission directions. The intrinsic radiation patterns from the nanoparticles are superimposed on the diffraction pattern, creating a unique angular distribution of second-harmonic light. The surface plasmon resonance mode of the particles is tuned to match the wavelength of the ultrafast Ti:sapphire excitation laser, dramatically enhancing the second-harmonic intensity but also increasing photodesorption effects. The details of the diffracted peak intensities depend sensitively on the geometry of the system and require a complex normalization of the data.


The utility model provides a convection type electric mask. The convection type electric mask comprises a breathing mask covering the mouth and nose. One side of the breathing mask is connected with an air inlet cylinder, and the other side of the breathing mask is connected with an air outlet cylinder. The air inlet cylinder and the air outlet cylinder are aligned with the nares at a certain angle, air between one nostril and the air inlet cylinder and air between the other nostril and the air outlet cylinder form convection when a user breathes, and then the user can breathe more smoothly.


Knowledge management is the management of intangible assets that create value for the organization. Most of these have to do with intangibles related processes one way or another to collecting, structuring and transmission of knowledge.
The purpose of this paper is to show that the generation of value in organizations is the result of the power of knowledge within management and throughout the organization with its human capital accompanied by relevant information.


Significance The growing demand for customized electronic devices underpins the need for 3D fabrication methods that enable form factors well beyond those that are flat and rigid. A printing method is introduced for one-step fabrication of conductive and ductile metal features in planar and complex 3D shapes that combines direct ink writing with "on-the-fly" laser annealing. The ability to pattern planar and freestanding 3D metallic architectures at the microscale would enable myriad applications, including flexible electronics, displays, sensors, and electrically small antennas. A 3D printing method is introduced that combines direct ink writing with a focused laser that locally anneals printed metallic features "on-the-fly." To optimize the nozzle-to-laser separation distance, the heat transfer along the printed silver wire is modeled as a function of printing speed, laser intensity, and pulse duration. Laser-assisted direct ink writing is used to pattern highly conductive, ductile metallic interconnects, springs, and freestanding spiral architectures on flexible and rigid substrates.