Optical properties of spectrally selective reflector surfaces of fluorine doped tin oxide deposited pyrolytically on anodized aluminum are reported. Reflectance measurements in the solar region (0.3 2.5 μm) reveal spectral selectivity. Spectral selectivity is highly dependent on the preparation conditions, doping and thickness of the films. The SnOx:F films were grown at a temperature of 400 C with film thickness varying in the range 180 to 320 nm. A Drude analysis carried out for SnOx:F films indicates carrier concentrations of the order of 5.0 x 10 cm and mobilities of 15 cmVs. Near optimal spectrally selective reflector characteristics were achieved with thinly anodized aluminum substrates. The anodic (Al2O3) layers were varied between 100 nm to 205 nm in thickness. High solar reflectance was obtained for wavelengths below 1.1 μm and low solar reflectance for wavelengths above 1.1 μm, with the best sample having Rcell and R therm values of 0.80 and 0.42 respectively.


Abstract Breathing secondhand-smoke causes morbidity and mortality fromcancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease, as well as acute sensoryirritation. It causes the premature death of hundreds of thousands ofnonsmokers worldwide. Smoke-free buildings are the only remedy.Secondhand smoke cannot be controlled by ventilation, air cleaning, orspatial separation of smokers from nonsmokers. Introduction Secondhand Smoke (SHS) is the toxic waste of tobacco combustion,emitted from the combination of tobacco smoke from the burning ends ofcigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and exhaled smoke from smokers. Thewidespread practice of smoking in buildings exposes nonsmoking occupantsto combustion by-products under conditions where airborne contaminantremoval is slow and uncertain. Over the past two decades, medical sciencehas shown that nonsmokers suffer many of the diseases of active smokingwhen they breathe SHS.Throughout the developed world, nations engage in the practice ofpollution control with the intention of protecting human health against theeffects of harmful chemical contaminants in food, water, and air.Accordingly, recognized standards of acceptability for harmful contaminantsin food, beverages, drinking water, outdoor air, and indoor air in industrialworkplaces has taken hold, and control measures appropriate for thesedifferent environments have evolved. However, in many workplaces,including offices, restaurants, and bars, SHS causes exposure to toxicchemicals not permitted in other environments.This Fact Sheet explores SHS issues in the following areas: hazard,exposure, dose, dose-response, risk, and control.


Li Jiang Jianjiang Fang Jinhua Ding 1Department of General Practice, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital/ Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital/Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital/Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, People's Republic of China Purpose: Neutrophils and platelets have been described as tumor-promoting factors, but lymphocytes have been described as tumor-inhibiting factors. The prognostic values of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been explored in human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-positive breast cancer, however, the value of the systemic immuneinflammation index (SII) has not been studied in thismolecular subtype. Our study aimed to compare the prognostic values of these inflammation-based indexes in Chinese HER2-positive breast cancer patients who received adjuvant trastuzumab. Methods: A total of 147 HER2-positive breast cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. The association between clinicopathological factors and inflammation-based indexes was investigated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS); the Log rank test was performed to comparatively evaluate the survivals between the high-value and low-value groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: The SII value correlated significantly with histological grade (HG)(p=0.016). The cut-off values determined by ROC analysis for the NLR, PLR and SII were 1.69, 110 and 442, and the corresponding areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.621, 0.639 and 0.674, respectively. The 5-year DFS was significantly lower in the NLR-high than in the NLR-low group (75.8% vs. 90.7%, p<0.01), in the PLR-high than in the PLR-low group (76.7% vs. 90.6%, p<0.01) and in the SII-high than in the SII-low group (66.8% vs. 90.7%, p<0.01). The 5-year OS was significantly lower in the PLR-high than in the PLR-low group (83.2% vs. 100%, p=0.035) and in the SII-high than in the SII-low group (77.3% vs. 96.4%, p=0.012). A multivariate regression model revealed that tumor size, lymph node involvement, HG, hormone receptor status, PLR and SII were independently correlated with DFS; lymph node involvement and SII were independently correlated with OS. Conclusion: Our study suggests that SII is an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS in HER2-positive breast cancer, and in terms of prognostic reliability, the SII is superior to other inflammation-based indexes.


The Phase 2 quiet nacelle for JT3D powered 707 aircraft is identical to the Phase 1 quiet nacelle in that it retains a two-ring acoustically treated inlet, hydraulically powered fan thrust reverser and 3/4 length acoustically treated fan ducts integral with the side cowl. The Phase 2 nacelle, however, differs from the Phase 1 nacelle in that a plug nozzle replaces the conventional conical nozzle. Both configurations retain the standard 707 primary thrust reverser. Boeing funded model and full scale ground tests were performed to provide insight and technical background relating to acoustic and propulsion performance of plug nozzles. The information thus obtained was used in the design of the full scale hardware. Full scale engine ground tests were performed on two configuration of the Phase 2 upper goal quiet nacelle to determine its acoustic and propulsion performance and to permit comparison with the performance of the Phase 1 nacelle.


OBJECTIVES: Determine the frequency of injury in younger school-age children, identify epidemiological features of injuries, investigate potential injury risk factors STUDY TYPE: Cross-sectional study METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included 379 parents of younger school-age children from the Osijek-Baranja County area. It was conducted through an anonymous survey questionnaire that the participants independently filled out during the months of April and May 2017. The survey consisted of questions dealing with sociodemographic issues and the potential risk factors for injury to their child. RESULTS: Results have shown that 20.8% of the younger school-age children have suffered an injury, 22.8% of the children suffered injuries involving multiple parts of the body, 31,7% experienced injuries in the school, and 63.3% had suffered an injury during physical activity.. The study has shown that children in families with two or three children have a greater risk of injury. No statistically significant difference was found among other socio-demographic indicators of the families of and frequency of injury. There was no correlation found between sleep habits (Sleep Behaviours) and the frequency of injuries. CONCLUSION: Injuries among younger school-age children are common in the observed population. Defining and educating on the risk factors that affect the occurrence of injuries is the key to preventing injuries in younger school-age children.


LiDAR point cloud segmentation is one of the most fundamental tasks for autonomous driving scene understanding. However, it is difficult for existing models to achieve both high inference speed and accuracy simultaneously. For example, voxel-based methods perform well in accuracy, while Bird's-Eye-View (BEV)-based methods can achieve real-time inference. To overcome this issue, we develop an effective 3D-to-BEV knowledge distillation method that transfers rich knowledge from 3D voxel-based models to BEV-based models. Our framework mainly consists of two modules: the voxel-to-pillar distillation module and the label-weight distillation module. Voxel-to-pillar distillation distills sparse 3D features to BEV features for middle layers to make the BEV-based model aware of more structural and geometric information. Label-weight distillation helps the model pay more attention to regions with more height information. Finally, we conduct experiments on the SemanticKITTI dataset and Paris-Lille-3D. The results on SemanticKITTI show more than 5% improvement on the test set, especially for classes such as motorcycle and person, with more than 15% improvement. The code can be accessed at https://github.com/fengjiang5/Knowledge-Distillation-from-Cylinder3D-to-PolarNet.


Web-based technology has been revolutionizing the world of learning and working (Thomas 2010). A fixture of today's learning environment, rapid advancement of web-based technology that offers a wid...


This paper describes new sleep-based positive feedback source-coupled logic (PFSCL) tri-state inverter/buffer topologies. The tri-state behavior is obtained by disconnecting the circuit from both power supply and ground. This is achieved by placing additional transistors, driving the load transistor to cut off or disabling the current source. The combination of the three methods results in six new topologies. The functionality and performance of the proposed topologies is studied through SPICE simulations. A comparison with available sleep-based PFSCL tri-state buffer circuit shows a maximum reduction of 11% and 60% in the propagation delay and output enable time, respectively. The usefulness of the proposed topologies is illustrated through bus and D latch implementation.


Stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide, with a world annual mortality incidence of about 5.5 million people, and it is also the leading cause of disability worldwide with 50% of survivors being chronically disabled [1]. It is estimated that one in four people will experience a stroke in their lifetime [2]. Strokes may be classified into two general types: ischemic and haemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke is caused by a reduction or an interruption of the blood supply to a certain region of the brain due to the obstruction of a blood vessel. In contrast, haemorrhagic stroke occurs due to the rupture of a blood vessel causing bleeding in the brain or in the subarachnoid space [3]. This short communication is centered on ischemic stroke, which is the most prevalent form of stroke worldwide [1].


Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing vessels, is required for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) is one of the most important receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) among the VEGF receptor subfamily, and activation of VEGFR‐2 is essential for tumor angiogenesis. The extracellular domain of VEGFR‐2 contains seven immunoglobulin‐like (Ig) domains, each with multiple potential N‐glycosylation sites, and N‐glycosylation is thought to play a central role in receptor stability, ligand binding and trafficking. However, to date the N‐glycosylation sites and their putative role(s) in VEGFR‐2 function remain largely unknown. The objective of this study is to characterize VEGFR‐2 N‐glycosylation sites using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and investigate the functional importance of these modifications on VEGFR‐2 angiogenic signaling.


Huichang Country is one of the areas which geologic disasters often occur. Based on investigation for nearly one year, the paper discussed the current situation and the origin of geologic disasters, and suggested the countermeasures to prevent the disasters.


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between budget participation, leadership style, organizational culture, and management performance. This study's population consisted of 98 institutional-level structural administrators at Muhammadiyah University in South Sulawesi. Using a straightforward random sampling technique, 30 respondents were sampled. Primary data obtained by disseminating questionnaires to all respondents is used as the data source. Techniques for data analysis using multiple regression and the SPSS program In addition, descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption tests (normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test, and autocorrelation test), and testing all hypotheses via partial test, simultaneous test, and determination coefficient test This study demonstrates that leadership style and organizational culture have a considerable impact on the management performance variables of all institutional-level structural officials at Muhammadiyah University in South Sulawesi. According to the findings of the analysis, leadership style is the most influential variable in efforts to enhance management performance as compared to organizational culture. This indicates that the company places a high priority on discipline so that all business operations can operate smoothly and efficiently. While the budget participation variable does not have a significant impact on the management performance variable of all institutional-level structural officials at Muhammadiyah University in South Sulawesi, it does have an impact on the variable of management performance.


Patients with borderline personality disorder may be the most psychologically challenging patients a primary care physician ever encounters. Early diagnosis is important to avoid interpersonal enmeshment and personalization in dealings with these patients, who often appear intact initially. The acronym PISIA is useful in recalling the major characteristics of the disorder: psychotic episodes, impulsivity, superficially intact social adaptation, interpersonal-relationship problems, and affective disorders. Specific techniques (eg, setting limits, separating medical and psychological issues, consulting a psychiatrist to determine a psychotropic drug regimen) promote effective treatment of these difficult patients.


In order to investigate the strength characteristic and crack extension law of rock mass containing parallel fissures, uniaxial compression tests of rock-like samples with different fissure angles were conducted combined with the digital photography measurement system. The results show that the degradation of peak strength and elastic modulus of samples is about 10.84%~35.62% and 9.79%~54.17% respectively with the effect of preset fissures. With the increase of the fissure angle, the peak strength of samples decreases first and then increases, forming a typical characteristic of "U" type, and it reaches the minimum value as θ is 45°. The failure form is closely related to the fissure angle. The extending types of secondary cracks are mainly inclined cracks and central cracks when the joint angle is 15° or 30°, and the final instability fracture mode is due to the inclined cracks. However, when the joint angle is 45°, 60° or 75°, the extending types of secondary cracks are mainly wing cracks and coplanar cracks, and the final instability fracture mode mainly depends on the coplanar cracks.


1.]. Overview on nanomaterials Interest in the unique properties associated with materials having dimensions on nanometer scale has been increasing at an exponential rate." ln nanoparticulate materials, a large fraction of atoms is exposed on the surface of the particles. By restricting ordered atomic arrangements to increasingly smaller sizes, materials begin to be dominated by the atoms and molecules at the surfaces, often leading to properties that are strikingly different from the bulk material. For instance, a relatively inert metal or metal oxide may become a highly effective catalyst when manufactured as I1Ell1Op2ll'IlClCS,5 opaque particles may become transparent when composed of nanoparticles. or vice versa; conductors may become insulators, or vice versa; and moreover the nanophase materials may have many times the strength of the bulk material. Nanoparticles can comprise a range of different morphologies including nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibres, nanodots and a range of spherical or aggregated dendritie forms of different fractal dimensions. These materials have seen application in a wide range of industries including electronics, phamiaceuticals, chemical-mechanical polishing, materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), catalysis, and it is likely that the next few years will see a dramatic increase in the industrial generation and use of nanoparticlcs. When the characteristic length scale of the microstructure is in the 1-100 nm range, it becomes comparable with the critical length scales of physical phenomena, resulting in the so-called "size and shape effects." This leads to unique properties and the opportunity to use such nanostructured materials in novel applications and devices. Phenomena occurring on this length scale are of


1. Wilson SE, Watson HG, Crowther MA. Low-dose oral vitamin K therapy for the management of asymptomatic patients with elevated international normalized ratios: A brief review. CMAJ 2004;170:821-4. 2. Dentali F, Ageno W. Management of coumarin-associated coagulopathy in the non-bleeding patient: A systematic review. Haematologica 2004;89:857-62. 3. Rice PJ, Perry RJ, Afzal Z, Stockley IH. Antibacterial prescribing and warfarin: A review. Br Dent J 2003;194:411-5.


LORENZO STACCHIO, Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Italy ALESSIA ANGELI, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy GIUSEPPE LISANTI, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy DANIELA CALANCA, Department of the Arts, University of Bologna, Italy GUSTAVO MARFIA, Department of the Arts, University of Bologna, Italy


A mesophilic fungal strain Y-94 produced three types of thermostable endo-xylanases accompanied by the formation of a large amount of cellulase. These xylanases were separated from the cellulase by heat treatment at 65°C for 2.5 hr and purified by DEAE-Toyopearl chromatog-raphy, chromatography on an anion exchanger (PBE 94), and Bio-Gel A 0.5 m gel filtration. The molecular weights of the three types of xylanase, designated as xylanase A, B and C, were 51,000, 48,000, and 35,000, respectively. All three enzymes showed highest activity at pH 4.9 and 80°C in lOmin of incubation, and had the same hydrolysis pattern of larch wood xylan with the end- products of xylobiose and xylose. Thus their activities appear essentially the same but not their stabilities. Xylanase A and B were stable from pH 2.5 to 9.0 but xylanase C was unstable above pH 5.5. Xylanase C was unstable at 70°C where other two were stable.


POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cysts, primarily within the kidneys but also in the liver. Autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) has an incidence rate of 1:400 –1,000 and is the most common genetic cause of renal failure. ADPKD has been mapped to mutations in the genes PKD1 and PKD2, which encode polycystin-1 (PC1) and PC2, respectively (2). While the specific function of PC1 is still not completely known, PC2 is a member of the transient receptor potential superfamily and is a calcium-permeable cation channel. These two proteins (PC1 and PC2) form a complex in several cellular locations, including on the primary cilium. Primary cilia bend in response to mechanosensory stimuli, such as fluid flow through kidney tubules, resulting in changes in channel activity. Most notably, bending of the primary cilium has been shown to result in increased calcium (Ca 2ϩ) influx through the PC2 channel (2). In ADPKD cyst epithelial cells, mutations in the PKD genes disrupt Ca 2ϩ signaling and reduce steady-state intracellular Ca 2ϩ levels (5, 13). Along with disruption of intracellular Ca 2ϩ homeostasis, intracellular cAMP levels were found to be elevated in the kidneys of PKD animals (14). In ADPKD, cAMP not only stimulates fluid secretion, but it also causes abnormal cellular proliferation by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. The increased activation of MEK/ERK signaling and ADPKD cell proliferation has been attributed to cAMP activation of B-Raf (15). Blocking cAMP or the MAPK pathway has been associated with decreases in cyst formation and disease progression in several animal models (6, 9). Currently, there are no effective clinical treatments that prevent or slow the progression of PKD. Tolvaptan, a vaso-pressin V2 receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce renal cAMP and inhibit PKD progression in animal models (8). Octreotide, a long-lasting analog of somatostatin, binds to somatostatin receptors and reduces cAMP production in the kidney and liver (8). Both compounds are currently being investigated in clinical trials. Other pathways being investigated for treatment of PKD include the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The mTOR pathway is important for protein synthesis, and there is crosstalk between the ERK pathway and the mTOR pathway. Inhibitors of the mTOR pathway are currently being tested in animal models and clinical trials; however, recent studies suggested that mTOR inhibition alone is not fully capable of slowing disease progression …


The visitor to the Latvian Song-Festival Centennial celebrated in Riga in 1973, who attended at least two of the five-hour long concerts, the first and the third, was subjected to two expressions of historical awareness. The first concert sang the praises of Lenin and of Latvia as a worthy and grateful member in the sisterhood of friendly communistic republics. Guest choirs from other republics participated, only one third of the program was non-communist and Latvian, and the introductory speeches celebrated the 33rd anniversary of the Latvian Socialist Republic rather than the 100th anniversary of the song festival. The second concert celebrated the choir singers and their conductors; two thirds of the program consisted of Latvian folksongs and of choir music meaningful to Latvians everywhere, some of the songs old and composed to texts by earlier poets expressing the national spirit of the Latvian people: songs about the Castle of Light rising again after centuries; about the blue hills of Latvia and about its immortal heroes; about the defiance of its pines which can break but never will bend.1 The first concert represented the history of the moment, or the political condition of the present. The second reached back far into the past; as the applause proved, it tapped the deepest levels of response in the audience; it showed the people to be in touch not only with their poetic and musical tradition but with the myths, value systems, and dimensions of history that have made up the Latvian experience. A part of Soviet Latvian poetry, significantly not the best, is created like the first concert - through the imposition from without of a political creed and a simplified and false "we". There is no need to dwell upon the view of history as revealed in the praises of Lenin, the Revolution, or the victories of the working class - in the treatment of these topics,


E-commerce can benefit companies by enabling new business models, improving efficiencies, and building competitive advantages. But there are some critical issues to be addressed in order to achieve those benefits, and one of them relates to the effectiveness of online customer servicing in e-commerce, also referred to as supporting services functionality (SSF). In this paper we discuss a subset of SSF in 110 large Brazilian companies representing 11 key sectors of the economy. Results enabled the ranking of sectors according to levels of SSF effectiveness, and the conclusion was that the nature of business may explain why general banks and telecommunications companies currently perform the better, while siderurgy and metallurgy, wholesale and international commerce, and chemical and petrochemical companies have the lowest performance in implementing the tools for customer support in e-commerce.


An air bag (1) comprises a controllable vent formed in the fabric of the air bag, the vent is normally held in a closed position by a fabric element retained by a clamp (5) wherein the clamp is releasable in response to a signal from a sensor (6). The fabric element may be in the form of a tube (4) extending into the interior of the air-bag. The clamp may either retain the free end of the tube or a strap may be provided on the tube. In an alternative arrangement the fabric element may be provided by a flap, covering the vent, provided on the interior of the air-bag. Preferably the sensor is adapted to sense the weight and/or the position of a seat occupant and/or whether they are wearing a seat belt to allow the "softness" of the air-bag to be adjusted accordingly. A plurality of controllable vents may be provided.


With the advent of the Internet in the United States, Japan, and other developed countries, electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) consumer reviews have come into vogue. While most studies have shown that negative e-WOM has negative effects on consumer attitude, some recent studies implied that the existence of negative e-WOM on a single website can enhance consumer attitude toward the website.However, no research has not identified the conditions for the positive effects of negative e-WOM. Thus, we investigate the moderating effects of the types of receivers, reviews, and products. Also, we investigate the moderating effects of the order of positive and negative e-WOM reviews posted in a single website.The effects of four factors are investigated —product characteristic (utilitarian vs. hedonic), review characteristic (attribute- vs. benefit-centric), receiver characteristic (expert vs. novice), and the orders of negative e-WOM (top vs. bottom) when the ratios of positive to negative e-WOM reviews are 10:0, 8:2, and 6:4. A laboratory experiment with virtual e-WOM sites is utilized. Four hundred twenty students participate in the experiment. All hypotheses are supported in at least 5% levels.The results of ANOVA show that negative e-WOM has positive effects on consumer attitudes towards products in the case of hedonic products and expert consumers reading attribute-centric review. Moreover, negative e-WOM has a greater positive effect when it is at the top of the website as opposed to at the bottom. This study contributes to our current understanding of e-WOM effects on consumer behavior.


An intelligent micro-grid management and application architecture are proposed with a mobile energy storage system. The main objective is to use the mobile energy storage system as flexible backup power for the power outage. With GPS positioning and google map, the current route and real-time status of the energy storage system are understood and monitored for the on-site power supply status. In addition, as a stationary energy storage system, the maximum demand is tracked, and peak loading of electricity consumption is reduced through the energy management system to maximize the benefits of the energy storage system.


Cord blood mononuclear cells fail to differentiate into plasma cells when stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (0% cord blood plasma cells vs 13.5% plasma cells in adults). In order to distinguish between an intrinsic defect in cord blood B cells and active suppression of B cell differentiation, co-cultures of cord blood lymphocyte subpopulations and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells were performed. The following cord blood populations were found to be suppressive (percent suppression in parentheses): Unfractionated ficoll-hypaque separated cells (68%), T cells (87%), TG cells (43%), T non-gamma cells (97%), T cell depleted non-adherent cells (39%). Of the non-T, non-adherent cells, only those expressing the Fc receptor for IgG suppress (46%). PWM-stimulated co-cultures of adult helper T cells and cord blood B cells have failed to produce plasma cells in our system, even when cells expressing Fc receptors for IgG have been removed from the cord blood B cell fraction. Therefore, it appears that the inability of cord blood B cells to differentiate into plasma cells is due to both an intrinsic cellular defect and active suppression mediated by various cell populations. NIH Grant 5 T32 HD07185-02.


Histamine release was induced from sensitized guinea-pig lung tissue by antigen, and from non-sensitized rat lung tissue by compound 48/80. Phlorizin (10-3M) had no apparent inhibitory effect on the histamine-releasing reactions when elicited under nitrogen in the presence of 5.6 × 10-3M glucose. When the glucose concentration was decreased to 7 × 10-4M, phlorizin (10-3M) inhibited histamine release under nitrogen in both reactions, to the same extent as did nitrogenation in the absence of glucose. Under nitrogen, the enhancing effect of glucose was progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations of phlorizin. In both reactions, its inhibitory effect decreased with rising glucose concentration. The results are interpreted to indicate that phlorizin inhibits histamine release mainly by inhibiting the transport of glucose.


At the edge portion of the wafer sliced in ID-Blade sawing, edge-chippings are usually broken out. This has become an important factor which should be improved in the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices. This study aims to reduce the edge chipping size by means of utilizing slurry which mixed a little free abrasive grains into the working fluid. This method brought the buffer effect between diamond grains adhered to the ID-Blade and the edge portion of workpiece. In this paper, reduction of the edge-chipping utilized slurry and influence of engage and disengage angle of ID-Blade to the workpiece are described. Consequently, edge-chipping size at the edge portion of the wafer was reduced compared with the case in which usual working fluid is used and it became small when an engage and disengage angle are shallow.


Don't cares in RTL code have long plagued chip verification due to hard-to-diagnose "X-bugs" resulting from ambiguous X simulation semantics, yet prevail in modern designs because of enormous opportunities for area/performance/power optimization during synthesis. We analyze don't cares specified at the RTL level from a security perspective and propose a novel class of Hardware Trojans which leak internal circuit node values using only existing design don't cares. Detection of this Trojan class is impossible using either functional simulation/verification or a perfect sequential equivalence checker. We then provide a formal automated X-analysis technique which both prevents the insertion of this new Trojan type and also has the potential to uncover accidental X-bugs as well. We provide several examples, including an Elliptic Curve Processor, illustrating both Trojan insertion and our prevention technique.


This paper introduces a kind of maintenance system based on the moving terminal with IC cards for maintaining the card type electric meter and using IC card to do some relevant manipulation.This system can apply to the mobile terminal such as G6102 and HD0218,and can carry out various operations on IC card conveniently.


Late Pliocene deep Atlantic δ13C data have been interpreted as evidence for enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) compared to the present, but this hypothesis is not supported by the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Here, we adopt a new approach to assess variability in deep ocean circulation based on paired stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen isotopes (δ18O) of benthic foraminifera, both (semi)conservative water mass tracers. Assuming that deep Atlantic benthic δ13C‐δ18O variability is predominantly driven by mixing, we extrapolate the δ13C‐δ18O data outside the sampled range to identify the end‐members. At least three end‐members are needed to explain the spatial δ13C‐δ18O variability in the deep North Atlantic Ocean: two Northern Component Water (NCW) and one Southern Component Water (SCW) water masses. We use a ternary mixing model to quantify the mixing proportions between SCW and NCW in the deep Atlantic Ocean. Our analysis includes new data from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 959 and 662 in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and suggests that the AMOC cell was deeper during the M2 glacial than during late Pliocene interglacials. Moreover, we identify a new cold and well‐ventilated water mass that was geographically restricted to the southeast Atlantic Ocean between 3.6 and 2.7 Ma and did not contribute significantly to the δ13C‐δ18O variability of the rest of the basin. This high‐δ13C high‐δ18O water mass has led to the misconception of a reduced latitudinal δ13C gradient. Our analyses show that the late Pliocene δ13C gradient between NCW and SCW was similar to the present‐day value of 1.1‰.


Abstract : A brief description is provided for each major area of concern (called 'Topic Areas') that provides user output via environmental impact demand equations in the Environmental Early Warning Systems (EEWS). EEWS is an interactive computer system designed to give U.S. Army planners and decision-makers a quick way to find potential environment-related problems associated with proposed changes in troop strength, mission, facilities, natural resource management, and land use. The system was developed by the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USA-CERL). It is designed to help Army managers during the earliest stages of planning and is not a substitute for current planning methods and Impact Statements. To support these capabilities, potential impacts and demands must be estimated; the methods are described by which these estimates have been made for each of the initial 20 Topic Areas that were provided when the system was established in August 1985. Included are definitions of the Topic Areas, major output types, data sources and characteristics, and an explanation of considerations that summarize each Topic Area's major impacts. This report is meant to serve as a reference to facilitate an initial understanding of how the EEWS outputs are derived. (Author)


In article the approaches to planning and the organization of educational activity at schools of adaptive type based on use of modern means of informatization of education are described.


GREGORY, R. L. and GOMBRICH, E. H. (Eds). Gerald Duckworth & Co Ltd. 1973. Pp. 288. E7*5o/E3*25. This book was produced in connection with a recent exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts. Although the chapters are somewhat disconnected, most of them provide a lively introduction to some aspect of vision or the visual arts. Blakemore gives an exceptionally clear account of the way the visual system is arranged and of how these arrangements may help to explain a few of the simplest perceptual phenomena. Gregory discusses the geometric illusions and draws a parallel between the use of hypotheses in science and in the perceptual system. Hinton provides a succinct and informative account of mimicry and camouflage in animals, and Deregowski discusses vision and drawing in primitive cultures. Finally Gombrich repeats his views on art and illusion, and Penrose discusses the ways in which modern artists have attempted to create a sense of "surprise and wonder" by the introduction of visual ambiguities into their works, by inventing new methods of visual representation and by using optical tricks and bizarre juxtapositions. The main conclusion to be drawn from the book is that the findings and theories of experimental psychology are of singularly little use in furthering our understanding of art. However, the illustrations are elegant and amusing and will provide a useful source of slides for anyone wishing to enliven an introductory lecture course on visual perception. N. S. SUTHERLAND Illusion in Nature and Art.


The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine for treating peritus ani. The traditional Chinese medicine is prepared from the following raw materials: 5-20 parts of fructus cnidii, 5-20 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 5-20 parts of golden cypress, 5-20 parts of divaricate saposhnikovia root, 5-20 parts of cortex lycii radicis, 5-20 parts of radix clematidis, 5-20 parts of cortex dictamni, 5-20 parts of Radix Stemonae, 5-20 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 5-20 parts of purslane, 3-15 parts of folium artemisiae argyi and 3-15 parts of mint. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine. The traditional Chinese medicine disclosed by the invention has the effects of clearing away heat and drying dampness and killing parasites to relieve itching. The pharmacodynamic test proves that the traditional Chinese medicine has good effects of diminishing inflammation, inhibiting bacteria, relieving itching and resisting allergy and can be used for treating various primary and secondary peritus ani. The clinical symptoms of the peritus ani, particularly peritus ani caused by anal eczema and anorectal operation, can be obviously improved, the clinical cure rate can be over 90 percent, and peritus ani is difficult to reoccur within 5 years.


Nuclear waste management has led to recycling PuO/sub 2/ into nuclear fuel (Mixed OXides). Its manufacturing route involves a sintering process. A model is under construction in order to predict the evolution of the sample characteristics during sintering and to improve the sintering conditions. The small scale model aims to simulate grain size and chemistry evolution of /spl mu/m large samples. In the green state, crystallites are 0.3 /spl mu/m in size and made either of UO/sub 2+x/ or of PuO/sub 2-y/. After sintering their size is close to 5/spl mu/m and they have become a solid solution (U,Pu)O/sub 2-z/. At high temperature, sintering is governed by diffusion phenomena. Diffusion coefficients vary with point defect concentration. These defects are related to the oxidation state of the cations, the spatial distribution of which can be observed by means of g-X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). /spl mu/-XANES (X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy) and /spl mu/-X-Ray tomography pre-study experiments carried out at the ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) ID22, Grenoble, have shown the ability of these techniques for such samples. It may be used to observe (U, Pu)O/sub 2-z/ samples chosen along the sintering route, to check simulation validity.


Abstract : The results which have been amassed by now in study of the ultra-weak luminescence of biological systems indicates that the molecular mechanism of this luminescence is of a common nature with the mechanism of luminescence in inverse photochemical reactions. Fundamental to biochemoluminescence is the reaction of oxidation of greatly reduced product (probably an ion-radical) with the subsequent decomposition of peroxide. Storage of peroxides in the living organism is impeded by energy and space barriers, but when these compounds are nevertheless formed by 'short-circuiting' the chain of oxidizing reactions they are enzymatically decomposed with concomitant luminescence.


The role-playing and its related regulations of Chinese university president in recent 30 years is the theme of this paper, and the method of historical study is adopted with the emphasis on the important events. The major conclusion is that the role played by the Chinese university presidents so far has been bureaucratized, and its running organized, expectation multiplied. The following questions are proposed and discussed: how to position the university president, how to construct the regulation system to guarantee university president playing the legitimate role, how to run and supervise the power owned by the university president, and how to select and dismiss the university president.


We follow the line of reasoning that hidden broken symmetries are the root of quantum oscillations observed in underdoped superconductors and examine the role of bilayer splitting and incommensuration. This is a view that eschews the notion of a featureless Mott liquid as the source of complexity. Instead, our view is grounded in a conventional Fermi surface and quasiparticles. We show that bilayer splitting and/or incommensurate $d$-density wave order can lead to many interesting results, in particular a splitting of the main frequency of the quantum oscillations.


Giardia duodenalis is one of the world's most common intestinal parasites, with an estimated 280 million cases globally each year. Infections can cause diarrhea and cramps, although they are often subclinical. Interestingly, Giardia can have a protective effect and reduce the incidence of fatal diarrhea in co-infections with other enteric pathogens. In this study, we investigate the anti-inflammatory response to Giardia via the macrophage galactose lectin-type 1 (MGL1) receptor. Our reasons for choosing this receptor are three-fold: it is expressed on macrophages and some dendritic cells and plays a role in immune response to other pathogens, it has been shown to induce anti-inflammatory effects in the DSS colitis model, and it demonstrably binds galactose-containing carbohydrates, like the N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) present in the cell wall of Giardia cysts. We show that peritoneal macrophages isolated from wildtype C57BL/6 mice produce markedly more of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Giardia extract compared to LPS alone. The potentiated IL-10 response to Giardia is lost in peritoneal macrophages isolated from MGL1 receptor knockout mice or in extracts centrifuged at 10,000 X g. Elucidating this anti-inflammatory pathway not only promises a better understanding of giardiasis, which disproportionately affect lower-middle income communities. also might present opportunities to mimic the parasite in the treatment of a wide array of inflammatory diseases.
 Supported by a grant from NIH (R15 AI109591).


Knowledge and prediction of physicochemical properties of binary mixtures is of great importance for understanding intermolecular interactions. The literature shows that most such systems exhibit non-linear behaviour. Excess molar volumes, viscosity deviations and isentropic compressibility changes in N,N-dimethylacetamide + 2-methoxyethanol binary mixtures at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K were calculated from experimental density, viscosity and sound velocity data presented in previous work. Here these experimental values were used to test the applicability of the correlative reduced Redlich–Kister equation and the recently proposed Herráez equation as well as their corresponding relative functions. Their correlation ability at different temperatures, and the use of different numbers of parameters, is discussed for the case of limited experimental data. These relative functions are important to reduce the effect of temperature and, consequently, to reveal the effects of different types of interactions. Limiting excess partial molar volume at infinite dilution were deduced from different methods, activation parameters and partial molar Gibbs energy of activation of viscous flow against compositions were investigated. The results of these observations have been interpreted in terms of structural effects of the solvents. In this frame, a correlating equation is recently proposed by Belda and in order to assess the validity of the proposed equation, it has also been applied to the present system for molar volume properties.


Psychotherapy, Culture and Storytelling How They Fit Together Narrative Knowing The Nature and Function of Storytelling in Psychotherapy Narrative in Therapy Psychodynamic Approaches Constructivist Narrative Therapies Narrative Therapy from a Social Constructionist Perspective The Process of Narrative Therapy Strategies for the Retrieval of Meaning Postmodern Narrative Therapy A Case Example Reinventing Therapy


Unintentional injuries has been very common and prevalent worldwide health problem in terms of high morbidity and mortality. Injuries can be fatal or nonfatal, and they can occur unintentionally and has been till today, an increasing cause of concern only, especially in the developing countries. Unintentional injuries within the home environment have not so far been recognized and urgent attention is needed to reduce child injuries and address risk factors according to local context. Preschoolers carry the greatest injury burden among children aged 0–14 years and these commonly occur at home and encouraging the collection of data on injuries and establishing a database on childhood injuries are some of the steps to be taken in initiating a national injury prevention initiative.


The authors have developed a simultaneous reception Ku-band FM-CW dual-polarization radar. A feature of the system is to receive rain echoes at both horizontal and vertical polarizations simultaneously with two receivers. This radar system and the preliminary results of rainfall observation are described.<<ETX>>


121Background: Outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with respect to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) have not been characterized for metastatic prostate cancer. Our p...


People in a remote community in the Highlands of Scotland have set up a website to try to entice a GP to work in the area. It highlights the stunning scenery and outdoor …


1) Graduate School of Engineering Mastership (GEM), POSTECH 2) Dept. of Industrial and Management Engineering, POSTECHAbstract : Recently, global market competition of iron and steel products is ever increasing due to over-sup-ply from increased number of industries in rapidly growing countries, such as China, Brazil, and Indonesia. To occupy the big market, major industries are trying to develop high quality, high performance steel products via developing a new iron and steel making process. In other words, development of a new and innovative steel plant is a key to cope with the tough situation. Design and development for the life cycle of iron and steel making plant is very much complex and multi-disciplinary. In this paper, Plant Systems Engineering (PSE), a tailored SE process for industrial plant based on ISO/IEC 15288 is used for the design of Continuous Casting Process (CCP) Plant system. The CCP is a crucial process in steel making plant, whose design tech-nology is occupied by the advanced foreign companies. For the sake of increasing engineering capability for the design of CCP, we applied PSE Process for the renovation of the existing CCP Process. Through the study, we were convinced that the applied method can be used for other plant systems, and SE is really the way of thinking, design, and development of modern complex and multi-disciplinary systems where high risk factors are present throughout the whole life cycle.Key Words : Iron and Steel Making Plant, Continuous Casting Process Plant System, Systems Engineering, Plant Systems Engineering, Technical Process         ! " ##  # # #$%&'            '


I begin this introduction with the exciting news that this issue of the Journal of Rural Mental Health (JRMH) marks the first of four that will appear in 2015. In recognition of the importance of rural issues, the American Psychological Association has agreed to double the number of JRMH issues per year. This exciting development also reflects the quality of manuscripts being submitted and selected for publication. The Current Issue This issue begins with an invited commentary, which is followed by five articles on a variety of topics. In this section, I provide a brief overview of these contributions and highlight some implications for residents of rural areas and mental health providers working to help improve the quality of life of rural people. The first article is by Dr. Paul Force-Emery Mackie (2015). Dr. Mackie is the President-Elect of the National Association for Rural Mental Health (NARMH; http://www.NARMH.org). JRMH began as NARMH's official journal and it is still sent as a membership benefit to everyone who belongs to the organization. Dr. Mackie will serve as President for the next 2 years, beginning with the 2015 NARMH conference at the end of July. I met Dr. Mackie at the 2014 conference, and we recently discussed his goals as President and how JRMH aligns with what he wants to accomplish. One thing we talked about was how technology has often been touted as a potential solution to many of the issues associated with the lack of behavioral health providers in rural areas. For example, I have talked with my organization's CEO about how to start using HIPAA-compliant technology to allow a behavioral health provider in one of our clinics to see a patient at another of our clinics where we do not have full-time behavioral health staff onsite. Similarly, my organization has an arrangement for our patients to seen by psychiatrists at a university several hours away using real-time videoconferencing. However, during our conversation, Dr. Mackie pointed out that there are significant issues associated with the use of technology that seem to be glossed over in discussions. He said that he was concerned that if we allow technology to be seen as a panacea, without addressing the underlying issues and problems, we may end up with a solution that does not actually benefit people living in rural areas. Dr. Mackie said that he had been thinking about policy changes and funding that were needed to allow technology to be as useful as possible to meet the mental health needs of rural residents. Because JRMH is affiliated with NARMH and because NARMH is the only organi


Giant volcanic eruptions emit sulphate aerosols as well as volcanic ash. Needless to say that volcanic ash causes significant damage to the environment and human at large. However, the aerosols are even worse. They reach the Stratosphere and stay there for months to years reflecting insolation. As a result, air temperature at the Earth's surfaces drops. Even a slight temperature drop may cause severe food shortage. Yellowstone supervolcano, for example, can even make human in the Northern Hemisphere extinct in several hundred thousand years. Therefore, gradual energy release by supercritical geothermal power generation was proposed to prevent such catastrophic eruptions. The necessary technical innovation is drilling into the depth. However, after the innovation, the power generation itself would be profitable. The risk is unpredicted induction of unwanted catastrophic eruptions.


For item-level tagging in supply chains and logistics the massive deployment of current RFID tags is still too costly despite a drastic decline in price. Therefore, efforts are made in developing organic and printed electronics to enable the vision of item-level tagging. This novel technology promises to overcome the current cost constraints and become ubiquitous. However, the constraints of organic and printed electronics allow merely the design of simple circuitry, which means that neither processor nor larger integrated circuits can be printed. In addition, the lack of high-performance in organic electronics does not even allow the application of traditional communication protocols. The high communication load between reader and tags based on traditional communication schemes is not practical e. g. for regular compliance checks of pallets with up to 1000 items. In this paper, we propose a solution for a smart label system based on the constraints of the organic and printed electronics. The communication scheme uses simultaneous transmission of sensory data. We further present an analog circuitry for an tag specially tailored for the deployment of smart labels in a scenario such as the maintenance of perishables in a cool chain. The approach exploits the possibilities of printing irreversible sensor indicators and randomized structures when using organic electronics. Further on, we show first experimental results performed in our smart label test bed, and illustrate its business relevance towards managing massive amounts of tags in a short time frame.


A obstacle warning lidar system for helicopters has been realized by using LD pumped Nd: YAG lasers. A ground test revealed that a wire of 3mm in diameter at 300mm was detectable without interference of background.


From the perspective of teachers and students,the current problems in graduation thesis topics selection of applied physics major are analyzed.According to the characteristics of the major,topics selection should pay additional attention to the polytechnic combination qualities of the students.Based on the choice of appropriate calculation software,the thesis with numerical computation topics is more suitable the actual situation of the students,which can effectively avoid the vacuous overview theses and improve the students' ability of numerical calculation and problem analysis.Finally,the practice of these graduation theses is also introduced.


Dose Calculation Methodology for Irradiation Treatment of Complex-shaped Foods. (August 2007) Jongsoon Kim, B.S., Seoul National University, Korea; M.S., Seoul National University, Korea Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Elena Castell-Perez Dose calculation methodology was developed for irradiation treatment of complex-shaped foods. To obtain satisfactory electron beam irradiation of food products, a strict process control is required to ensure that the dose delivered to all parts of the treated product falls within some specified range. The Monte Carlo electron transport simulation and computer tomography (CT) scan technology were used to predict the dose distribution in complex shaped foods, an apple phantom composed of paraffin wax, chloroform, and methyl yellow, and a chicken carcass. The Monte Carlo code used was successfully tested against the experimental data, resulting in less than 5% discrepancy between the simulated and measured data. For 1.35 MeV electron beam simulation of apple phantom, tilting and axial rotation ensures dose distribution of the entire surface of the phantom, even reaching the critical regions of the apple stem and calyx ends. For 1 and 5 MeV X-ray simulations, both depth-dose curves show exponential attenuation after a build-up region. The depth to peak for the former is shorter than that of the latter.


This study aimed to identify Media Speeches of President George W. Bush in the Second Gulf War during the Gulf Crisis beginning with the invasion of Kuwait on August 2nd and ending with the issuance of the Security Council resolution number 678 accepting the cease fire in March 1991. The study focuses on the objectives of U.S. policy in the second Gulf War as it came in. American media Speeches to President George Bush, and also focus on the content of American media Speeches to president during the Gulf War II, and the target audience, and its influence in winning the battle. This study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach to study the content of the speeches of President George W. Bush in the Gulf War II. The study population consisted of all speeches and the televised Broadcast and published issued by the United States Information Agency in Arabic and English.
The study concluded the following results:
1. American media Speeches targeted to President Bush on all fronts of civil, military, and political.
2. Achieved American media Speeches to President George Bush succeeded in winning the war and shows through the ability to explain U.S. policies and the creation of ears, and fertile land, and building confidence in the international coalition, and to maintain cohesion, access to financial support, and economic, military, and humanitarian to more than thirty Arab and international, and Islamic.


G cell–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a distant relative of transforming growth factor(TGF), was purified as a factor that promotes the survival and differentiation of embryonic mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons (Lin et al., 1993). A closely related protein, neurturin, was purified as a factor that promotes the survival of sympathetic neurons (Kotzbauer et al., 1996). Subsequently, two additional members of the GDNF family of ligands—artemin and persephin—were identified in EST databases (Baloh et al., 1998; Milbrandt et al., 1998; Masure et al., 1999). Each of these proteins has been shown to function as a survival and differentiation factor for subpopulations of cultured neurons (reviewed in Airaksinen et al., 1999; Baloh et al., 2000a; Bennett, 2001; Butte, 2001; Manie et al., 2001; Takahashi, 2001). The search for GDNF receptors was initially frustrating and led to the characterization of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored binding protein now named GFR 1 that seemed unlikely to function as a single subunit receptor for this neurotrophic factor (Treanor et al., 1996). But when mice lacking GDNF were examined (Moore et al., 1996; Pichel et al., 1996), they proved to have an almost identical phenotype to mice that lacked the orphan receptor tyrosine kinase c-ret (Schuchardt et al., 1994). In each instance, severe deficits were seen in development of the metanephric kidney and the enteric nervous system, suggesting that they act through the same signaling pathway. Indeed, it was rapidly demonstrated that GFR 1 is the major ligand-binding subunit in a signaling complex that includes c-ret (e.g. Durbec et al., 1996a; Jing et al., 1996). More recent work has demonstrated the existence of four members of the GFR family (GFR 1–4) that, after ligand engagement, activate the c-ret tyrosine kinase (Airaksinen et al., 1999; Klein et al., 1997; Enokido et al., 1998; Lindahl et al., 2001) with GDNF, neurturin, artemin, and persephin functioning as reasonably specific ligands for GFR 1, GFR 2, GFR 3, nd GFR 4, respectively. In prior work, inactivating mutations of cret had been shown to be responsible for many cases of Hirschsprung's disease, which is caused by a failure of enteric neuron precursors to populate normally the intestine (Edery et al., 1994). In addition, mutations or gene fusions that activate the tyrosine kinase activity of cret had been shown to be oncogenic, resulting in multiple endocrine neoplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma (Goodfellow, 1994). Consequently, the signaling pathways activated by GDNF have been of keen interest to both developmental biologists and oncologists.


Steady-state phase relations in the system UO2+x-CeOz-ZrO2-ThO2 were determined for application to phase relations in high-level crystalline ceramic nuclear waste forms. Samples were treated at 1200°C at an oxygen partial pressure of 21.3 kPa and a total pressure of 101.3 kPa. Phase assemblages were found to be comprised of cubic solid solutions of the fluorite-structure type, solid solutions based on ZrO2, and orthorhombic solid solutions based on U3O8.


One hundred and fifty six women belonging to four different professions and socio‐economic groups, resident in Ile‐Ife, Osun State of Nigeria, were interviewed, on their nutritional knowledge and its relationship to the feeding practices of their infants. Nutritional knowledge and infant feeding practices varied among the four groups but not within the groups. The level of education and income of the women was reflected in some of their nutritional practices, such as the time of the introduction of the supplementary feeding and type of food. Respondents indicated that the major sources of information on child care were the child welfare clinics and relevant literature for the literates. Recommendations are made for more emphasis on nutritional education and improved child care practices for all the women.


In trying cross cases between civil dispute and administrative dispute,different courts use different methods,and this may result from the omission of legislation and basic research.Varied methods used in practice result in lots of disadvantages.To deal with cross cases fairly and efficiently, we should both use the experience of other countries and construct cross cases proceeding mechanism conforming to Chinese tradition and culture.


F001 HYDROCARBON PROBABILITY INDEX BASED ON ANN AND PRESTACK ATTRIBUTES Summary 1 Risk assessment for hydrocarbon-saturated reservoirs can be improved using neural network classification methods when combined with interpreter's knowledge and multitude of prestack attributes. Training data selected over background events and known hydrocarbon deposits permits calibration of untested reservoirs which in turn improves the pre-drill prediction process as well as the range of possible outcomes thus providing a measure of the uncertainty. The Gulf of Mexico examples presented here demonstrate the potential for improved reservoir assessment and exploration risk reduction with the aforementioned technique. Introduction With the proliferation of


Building upon the self‐based model of cooperation (De Cremer & Tyler, 2005), the present study investigates the relationship between the five‐factor model (FFM) and cooperation. Study 1 (N = 56), an experiment conducted in the laboratory, and Study 2 (N = 116), a field study conducted in an organisational context, yielded a moderator effect between neuroticism and procedural fairness in explaining cooperation. Study 3 (N = 177) showed that this moderator effect was mediated by the self‐uncertainty and relational variables proposed by the self‐based model of cooperation. It is concluded that the FFM is useful in explaining cooperation and contributes to a better understanding of (procedural) fairness effects. Moreover, the necessity to build integrative, multi‐level models that combine core and surface aspects of personality to explain the effects of fairness on cooperation is elaborated upon. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: p21 is a cell cycle regulator with no known role in metabolic regulation. Results: Fasting induces a potent p53-independent increase in p21 expression in metabolic tissues and Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) contributes to this response in liver. Conclusion: This study advances the role of p21 in metabolic stress response. Significance: Metabolic stress induces a cell cycle regulator even in non-dividing cells. Reporter mice that enable the activity of the endogenous p21 promoter to be dynamically monitored in real time in vivo and under a variety of experimental conditions revealed ubiquitous p21 expression in mouse organs including the brain. Low light bioluminescence microscopy was employed to localize p21 expression to specific regions of the brain. Interestingly, p21 expression was observed in the paraventricular, arcuate, and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, regions that detect nutrient levels in the blood stream and signal metabolic actions throughout the body. These results suggested a link between p21 expression and metabolic regulation. We found that short-term food deprivation (fasting) potently induced p21 expression in tissues involved in metabolic regulation including liver, pancreas and hypothalamic nuclei. Conditional reporter mice were generated that enabled hepatocyte-specific expression of p21 to be monitored in vivo. Bioluminescence imaging demonstrated that fasting induced a 7-fold increase in p21 expression in livers of reporter mice and Western blotting demonstrated an increase in protein levels as well. The ability of fasting to induce p21 expression was found to be independent of p53 but dependent on FOXO1. Finally, occupancy of the endogenous p21 promoter by FOXO1 was observed in the livers of fasted but not fed mice. Thus, fasting promotes loading of FOXO1 onto the p21 promoter to induce p21 expression in hepatocytes.


There are many methods of interventional treatment for advanced gastric cancer such as transcatheter arterial infusion,gastric arterial embolization,percutaneous port catheter system implantation,and so on.The criteria for evaluating the effect of interventional treatment for advanced gastric cancer includes the changing of cancer foci,ameliorating clinical symptoms,the laboratory examination of the tumor associated antigens,pathologic histology,side effects,medial survival,statistical analysis of survival and health related quality of life.The recent studies showed improving survival and quality of life with the patients after interventional therapy although there are still some problems.The direction of the study lies in the selection of interventional radiology for gastric cancer,decreasing the damage to healthy tissue,preoperative and postoperative intervention,selecting the protocol of chemotherapy and the application of evidence based medicine in interventional treatment for advanced gastric cancer.


Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is responsive of a progressive, debilitating disease in goats having in vivo tropism for monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. These cells are present in colostrum, milk or blood. Studies demonstrate that the viral replication is activated only following differentiation of monocyte to macrophage, which increase the sensibility of viral detection. In our study it was performed the doublenested PCR technique and co-cultivation of monocyte/macrophage with membrane goat sinovial cells to detect the virus in blood, source of viral transmission. Through these methods, it was detected DNA proviral in seronegative goats, confirming that the time among infection and appearance of antibodies is variable facilitating the permanence of false-negative goats. It was observed divergences in the results between serology and PCR techniques, disagreement that is argued above in the work. The co-cultivation of monocyte/macrophage with membrane goat sinovial cells was successful; it was obtained four viral isolament, one of them from seronegative goats. In conclusion, our studies, for the first time isolate the virus circulating in our flocks, implementing an high specificity double-nested PCR technique to identify early viral infection in goats.


As residential subdivision development expanded between 1955 and 1974, the municipal governments of Maple Ridge and Langley saw the need to adopt by-laws to regulate the subdivision of land. Under the provisions of the Municipal Acts of 1948 and 1960, the municipal councils had the power to enact by-laws which would promote the harmonious and economical development of their municipalities. A comparative approach has been used to assess the nature and extent that municipal residential subdivision bylaws had on developers of residential subdivisions. Three questions were asked of each municipality: 1) Who developed the residential subdivisions in the urban core areas of each municipality between 1955 and 1974? 2) What were the residential subdivisions by-laws implemented by the municipal governments which affected the development of residential subdivision in the urban core areas? 3) What developmental cost increases occurred in residential subdivision development as a result of these particular municipal by-laws? An examination of the municipal cadastral maps, survey plans and the residential subdivision by-laws was used to iii test the hypothesis that particular municipal by-laws played an integral part in causing a shift from original, individual owner developing subdivisions, to land companies dominating the process in the urban core areas of Maple Ridge and Langley between 1955 and 1974. After the initial comparison between the municipal by-laws and the developers within each municipality a second comparison was made between the two municipalities. The conclusions show that the residential subdivision by-laws adopted by the municipalities played a major role in changing the agent who subdivided property. The additional by-laws made the subdivision process far too complicated in relation to the ease with which subdivisions had been developed and far too costly in time for the original, individual property owners. Land companies, with the expertise to interpret and implement the by-laws dominated the subdivision development process, in both municipalities, by the end of the twenty-year study period.


The conflict in the Horn of Africa and its internationalisation since 1977 has stimulated many arguments in Amercian policy-making circles on whether the costs of expanded involvement in the region are coming to outweigh the strategic and other benefits. The most intense phase of this controversy has followed the post-1978 realignment of forces in the region, which transformed Somalia into an ally of the United States, and Ethiopia, long a close friend, into a Soviet ally.


Admiraal,M., Lucquin, A., von Tersch,M., Jordan, P.D., Craig, O.E., 2018. Investigating the function of prehistoric stone bowls and griddle stones in the Aleutian Islands by lipid residue analysis. Quaternary Research, doi: 10.1017/qua.2018.31 Oras, E., Lucquin, A., Lougas, L., Torv, M., Kriiska, A., Craig, O.E., 2017. The adoption of pottery by north-east European huntergatherers: Evidence from lipid residue analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 78, 112–119.


The quality of biometric sample acquired from different acquisition devices is higher, then the reliability of recognition is higher. For the same biometric sample, recognition method is better, then the reliability of recognition is higher. So this paper proposed a multi-biometric recognition algorithm using biometric sample quality and recognition expert reliability (PSVM for short). First, obtains the sample penalty coefficient and reliability penalty coefficients from the sample quality and the expert reliability, then deduces the overall penalty coefficient, finally, uses the overall penalty coefficient to modify SVM fusion recognition algorithm. The experiment uses the XM2VTS database, in this paper compares the HTER of PSVM, Bayesian, FLD, MLP, Mean methods and SVM, the experimental results show that the HTER of PSVM fusion algorithm is lower.


New materials and devices for bioelectronics have emerging applications in healthcare monitoring and disease diagnostics. Hydrogel‐based sensors face great challenges in achieving desirable synergistic performances including intrinsical electron conduction, bacterial resistance, anti‐swelling property, and adhesion to tissues. To address current bottlenecks, poly(Cu‐arylacetylide) derived hydrogels are developed for the first time that demonstrates all these above intriguing performances as a result of the special Cu‐arylacetylide backbone. The hydrogels show the capability of recording electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram, implantable epicardial ECG, and transmitting neural signals. Furthermore, the Cu (I) in polymer chains can be substituted by other metal ions such as Au (I), which can create numerous new materials with intriguing performances. This study not only creates a new research field of hydrogels but advances design concepts for implantable electrodes to record bio‐electron.


6083Background: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is one of the most aggressive histological subtypes of salivary gland cancers. Conventional chemotherapy and radiation have shown only limited efficacy...


Anadromous shishamo smelt Spirinchus lanceolatus returns to rivers a few days before spawing. Fish were caught in the mouth of rivers in Hokkaido, Japan. Artifical insemination in the smelt by the dry method is difficult because the semen collected through abdominal pressure is scanty. First, we compared sperm motility between ejaculated semen spermatozoa and spermatozoa in testicular semen, and verified the insignificant differences in the duration of sperm motility and percent motility of them. Secondly, we examined the motility of tesicular spermatuzoa in various artificial solutions in order to determine the adequate constitution of testicular semen diluent. The spermatozoa were motile in NaCl and mannitol solutions at osmolalities between 0 to 400mOsm/kg. In KCl solution, they were motile at 200mOsm/kg and below, but the motility was remarkably lower than that in NaCl solution. The duration and number of moving spermatozoa decreased as the KCl concentration in the artificial testicular fluid increased, and motility was almost inhibited when the KCl concentration was over 25mM. In this case, the concentration of K+ was approximately twice as high as those of testicular fluid (12.5mM), obtained by centrifugation of testicuar semen, or seminal plasma (11.0mM). It was concluded that artificial testicular fluid containing 25 mM KCl is an efficient testicular semen diluent for the shishamo smelt.


The climate of Illinois (Midwest U.S.A.) has gradually become cooler and wetter since 1940, raising questions of possible effects on flooding. The fre- quency and duration of both winter and summer season floods during the 1921- 80 period exhibited general up trends, peaking during 1971-80 in basins in the eastern two-thirds of Illinois. Heavy rain (/i- 5.1 cm) events in the summer were found to have similar up trends in the same regions where summer flooding was increased. Summer heavy rain increased 27% from 1921-1980, as compared to 43% increase in flood durations and a 77% increase in flooding events. Winter temperatures have decreased 16% since J930, whereas winter precipitation has increased in northern and eastern Illinois by 12% where winter flooding increased. The increase in winter precipitation apparently has been more important than the lowering temperatures in producing more winter floods, and particularly longer duration winter floods.


This paper introduces research trends in terabit-per-second (Tb/s) Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical transmission technologies that will be indispensable for constructing a next-generation ultra-highcapacity trunk network. First, technologies for improving the WDM spectral efficiency and increasing the optical amplifier bandwidth are introduced in order to increase the total WDM capacity. Then related optical device technologies are briefly introduced, especially ones for fabricating WDM light sources. Finally, technical challenges towards Tb/s transmission over distances of 10, 000 km are mentioned, including RZ pulse-based WDM transmission.


Abstract Using the asymptotic form of the density matrix the role of the non-diagonal elements of the density matrix is estimated in the lossless micromaser model based on the Jaynes-Cummings model with intensity dependent coupling constant. It is shown that a certain type of a (almost pure) multiphoton state can be generated in this system.


This is the second volume in the Sherman Contemporary Art Foundation Forum series. The Forum was chaired by Professor Nicholas Jose on 19 October 2007 at Sherman Galleries, Sydney. In this volume, Nicholas Jose, Elaine W. Ng, Carrillo Gantner, Britta Erickson and Gene Sherman continue the conversation begun at the 2006 Forum by exploring the current and future role of private foundations in sustaining contemporary art in the Asia-Pacific region during a time of rapid development, transition and change. They address the nature and economics of giving while taking into account the regional and international context in which art is produced and circulates.


Problems in water-land resources and environmental quality increase with the fast economic development in the coastal region of southeastern China,This region has the highest density in population,industry and towns in China,and the large export-oriented economy makes itself a strategic importance while China enters into international markets.The problems facing to this region include arable land reduction,land degradation aggravation,high percentage of built-up land with high rate of expansion,expanded non-point pollution,deteriorated water quality,decreasing biodiversity,destroyed ecosystems,sever air pollution,frequently occurred acid rain,and multi-pollutants.The important reaarch fields in the near future should include a )influence of high-intensity exploitaion of resources on changes of environment quality and its feedback;b) influence processes ,key mechanisms and adjustment principles for degradation of water,land-,and air-resources and environmental quality;c)evolvement processes and nurturing theory of bioiversity and ecological resourcs;and d) spatio-temporal variaiton and human-induced effects on regional resources and environment quality .Strategies for sustainable development in the region are as follows:a) controlling to ensure basic cultivated land area;b) enforcing remediation of polluted water environment,and controlling non-point pollution;c) strengthening ecological construciton and ecological security;and d) controlling multi-pollution and preventing trace toxic pollutants.


This paper presents the investigations of vibrations of a vehicle equipped with controlled magneto-rheological (MR) dampers and aerodynamic elements. A scaled sports vehicle model was developed to conduct this research. The tests were carried out with kinematic excitation resulting from road roughness and motion at a variable speed. During the airflow, the aerodynamic elements forces and moments on the test body. Vehicle vibrations are limited by the means of MR controlled dampers. The damping force is determined on the basis of an algorithm, where various strategies for determining forces in MR damper have been adopted. Two criteria were considered for assessing the effectiveness of the control algorithm minimising vertical acceleration and changes in wheel normal reactions on road surface. This paper presents the results of those studies.


The purpose of this research was to determine empirically the relationship between social support with depression in patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis in RSPU. Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. The hypothesis proposed is that there is a negative relationship between social support with depression in patients with renal failure who undergo hemodialysis, where the higher the social support more low-depressed patients with renal failure who undergo hemodialysis, conversely the lower the social support the higher depression of renal failure patients who underwent hemodialysis in RSPU. Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang.The conclusion of the research data was there is a negative relationship between social support with depression in patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis in RSPU. Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Obtained from the results of r = 0.722 and p = .000 which means p <0.01 means that more negative or less social support, the higher depression in patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis


By using the average Hamming distance and variance,we study q-ary code C with length n and number of codewords M ,by the definitiond(xi,yi) function, and give lower bound of the average Hamming distance and variance for q-ary code C with length n.At the same time,when the numbers of code are 2k-1(kN),its average Hamming distance and variance can reach the lower bound.


The study was designed to access the involvement of Pharmacists towards achieving the goals of Primary Healthcare activities, especially the childhood components within Asaba and its environs. Patients data (children and pregnant women) were obtained from the public health department of Federal Medical Centre, Asaba including the schedule for immunization, types of vaccines at birth, six weeks, ten weeks, fourteen weeks, six months, nine months and their respective route of administration for the complete stimulation of the immune system. The pregnant women registered for tetanus toxoid injection for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th doses to complete tetanus toxoid for life, were also obtained. These data were carefully analyzed to checkmate the contributions and involvement of Pharmacists in immunization/vaccination and other public health activities. Three months data was used for the study. It was observed that the Pharmacists in the health facility play little or no role in the childhood components of Primary Healthcare. Although the vaccines were stored in the central store of the facility, the custodians of the vaccination activity were the nurses in the public health department of the facility. The most frequent administered vaccines among all were oral polio vaccine, followed by pentavalent vaccine, while measles vaccine was the least. For the tetanus toxoid, there was serious non-adherence issues based on the data analyzed. Pharmacists has a key role to play in educating mothers and families on the safety and adverse reactions of vaccines, as well as practical involvement of public health activities to achieve the ultimate goal of primary healthcare, hence proper compliance and reduction of vaccine preventable diseases.


Evolving secret sharing schemes do not require prior knowledge of the number of parties <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which may be infinitely countable. It is known that the evolving 2-threshold secret sharing scheme and prefix coding of integers have a one-to-one correspondence. However, it is unknown what prefix coding of integers should be used to construct a better secret sharing scheme. In this paper, we introduce a metric <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\Sigma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to evaluate evolving 2-threshold secret sharing schemes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> such that a smaller <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\Sigma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of a scheme is better. The metric <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\Sigma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is related to the ratio of the sum of the share sizes for the first <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parties in scheme <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the sum of the share sizes for the optimal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2,n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-threshold secret sharing scheme. Then we prove that the metric <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\Sigma }\geq 1.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and construct a new prefix coding of integers, termed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> code, to achieve the metric <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\Lambda }=1.59375$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Thus, this shows that the range of the metric <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\Sigma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the optimal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2,\infty)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-threshold secret sharing scheme is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.5\leq K_{\Sigma }\leq 1.59375$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In addition, an achievable lower bound on the sum of share sizes for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2,n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-threshold secret sharing schemes is also provided.


Creep and rupture tests were conducted for Hastelloy-XR (a modified version of the conventional Hastelloy alloy X) at 800, 900, and 1000/sup 0/C in simulated high-temperature gas-cooled reactor helium. Creep testing machines with special control of helium chemistry were used. As a result, the scatter of creep-rupture data could be reduced, and the variability of creep-rupture behavior due to manufacturing history could be resolved. Results of metallography and carbon analysis of ruptured specimens showed that the material improved resistance to corrosion in the helium environment, and carbon intrusion during the steady-state creep stage was suppressed to a negligible level. Under refined test conditions combined with the quality controlled material, it was demonstrated that there was little significant difference between helium and air in the creep-rupture results obtained at 800 to 1000/sup 0/C up to about 10/sup 4/h. The importance of maintaining the protective function of the surface oxide film of alloys was stressed in securing reproducibility and predictability of long-time creep performance.


ABSTRACT This study presents a hereto-unpublished one-act play used during an annual three-day 'residential course' put on by the Department of Accounting at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) in the late 1950s. The original author of this play, Harold C. Edey, is one of the intellectual forerunners in the development of British accounting thought. The aim of his exercise was to explore the problem of profit determination during a period of changes in specific and general prices. Reproducing this play contributes to our understanding of the development of accounting thought and teaching at the LSE in the period after the Second World War (1939–1945). To contextualise the play, the study traces the history of the LSE and of the author, as well as some of the concepts from the accounting measurement literature that would have been familiar to students attending the three-day residential course.


In this paper, we outline MATHCHECK2, a combination of a SAT solver and a computer algebra system (CAS) aimed at finitely verifying or counterexampling mathematical conjectures. Using MATHCHECK2 we verified the Hadamard conjecture from design theory for matrices up to order 144 and many additional orders up to 168. Also, we provide independent verification of the claim that Williamson matrices of order 35 do not exist, and demonstrate for the first time that 35 is the smallest number with this property. In the course of our work, we discovered over 500 Hadamard matrices which were not equivalent to any matrices in the comprehensive MAGMA Hadamard database. The crucial insight behind MATHCHECK2 is that a combination of an efficient search procedure (like those in SAT solvers) with a domain-specific knowledge base (à la CAS) can be a very effective way to verify, counterexample, and learn deeper properties of mathematical conjectures (especially in combinatorics) and the structures they refer to. MATHCHECK2 can be seen as a systematic parallel generator of structures referred to by the conjecture-under-verification C, and these conjectures are typically of the form "for all natural numbers n, some combinatorial object exists". MATHCHECK2 uses a divideand-conquer approach to parallelize the search, and a CAS to prune away classes whose members are guaranteed to not satisfy the conjecture C. The SAT solver is used to verify whether any of the remaining structures for each number n satisfy C, and in addition learn UNSAT cores in a conflict-driven clauselearning style feedback loop to further prune the search space. Finally, our latest version of MATHCHECK2 (updated from our previously presented version [5]) uses programmatic methods to learn clauses which are generated on-the-fly by domain-specific constraints.


The Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron is a 1.2 MeV particle accelerator dedicated to beam physics instruction and accelerator component research and development. Previous publications by the Rutgers Cyclotron group have described observed axial betatron motion, which was found to be consistent with radially increasing energetic protons (1,2). However, irrefutable verification of the final beam energy required a spectrometer based measurement. An internal E×B spectrometer, a variant on the Wien Filter, was chosen as to utilize the existing magnetic field. This Wien Filter also served as a prototype extraction channel for our 19-Inch Cyclotron project currently under construction. This paper reviews the theory of the Wien Filter and its specific application to our accelerator, details our apparatus, and reports on initial measurements with beam. INTRODUCTION Large amplitude axial (vertical) betatron motion has been observed in the Rutgers 12-Inch Cyclotron. The measured axial phase advancement per revolution was measured at several radii. The phase advancement was shown to strongly agree with theoretical expectations of a beam of implied energy circulating at a given radii with our


Based on the results of preliminary observations on the medical record file for the BPJS patient accident case that was carried out by researchers at the Baubau City Hospital in 2019, the coding of the diagnosis on the medical record form for the BPJS patient accident case at the Baubau City Hospital was not accompanied by an external cause code. This study aims to identify the causes of the external causes code not yet implemented in the medical record file of BPJS patient accident cases at the Baubau City Regional General Hospital. This research was conducted in the PPTARS room of Baubau City Hospital. The design of this study was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach with a case study design. Research subjects included one inpatient coding officer and head of the medical records field. The object of this research is the medical record file of BPJS patient accident case and the standard operational procedure about external causes in Baubau City Hospital. Data collection techniques was done by observation, interview and documentation study. The results showed that aspects that affected the implementation of the external causes code were Man, Money, and Methods aspects. In the Man aspect, HR has never participated in training related to external causes and there have been no orders from superiors / centers regarding external causes data needs. In the Money aspect, the patient's external causes code has not had a significant effect on the patient's INA-CBGs claim and for the Methods aspect, there is no SOP related to external causes. For this reason, officers should be given training, external causes codes are taken into account in making INA-CBGs claim reporting and RL4a reports related to morbidity, and SPOs about coding external causes are compiled and applied


The abundance of drinking water is necessary for daily needs, but recently it has become a worrying obsession worldwide, as it requires the use of fossil fuels for its production, and since the whole world is moving to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, it was necessary to think about using alternative renewable energy in the production of drinking water and that was through desalination of salty water. Solar energy has been widely used. The methods that use solar power are divided into direct and indirect, which include several steps, and the solar energy systems used are varied. In the present study, desalination methods and some types of solar energy systems used are mentioned with a comparison of the amount of production and costs, in addition to the improvement resulting from the use of PCM. It was found that the solar Fresnel lens system is the most effective in producing fresh water compared with its cost. The solar desalination stations in Jordan are 29 and only 1 solar-powered desalination plant out of them, but the universities and independent factories have their solar deamination systems.


Taiwan is a little smaller than the Netherlands, an island surrounded by the sea and has a population of circa 23 million. Add a central range of steep mountains and it is clear that the pressure on living space and natural resources is enormous. This is exemplified by the fact that Taiwan has become one of the countries facing water scarcity in the next decades. Taiwan has around 40 large reservoirs that hold around 4200 million cubic meter of all water, a recent study shows that around 300 million cubic meter of silt accumulates in Taiwan's reservoirs and further that only around 10% of sediment is removed each year. Therefore, reservoir management tries to counter the sedimentation problem at the source. However, for effective measures reliable data on the origins of the sediment and patterns and rates of erosion in the hinterland are needed. It is for example not well established what the effect is of the annual tropical cyclones on erosion rates of undisturbed steep forested slope land soils. Therefore, the authors present a novel method that aims at reconstructing more than 40 years of soil erosion and deposition within the two largest reservoir catchments in Taiwan. The method combines the Cs-137 isotope technique, widely used to calculate soil re-distribution rates with a detailed representation of the watersheds in a GIS. More than 160 soil profile samples were collected in both undisturbed (forested) and disturbed (agricultural) locations across the watersheds. The sampling was based on an a priori stratification of the watersheds into landscape units that were assumed to have distinct ranges of soil re-distribution. Cs-137 activity levels in the soil profiles were measured in a radiological laboratory. Published conversion techniques were applied to compute soil re-distribution rates for observed Cs-137 inventories. Geo-statistical methods were then applied to obtain the relations between re-distribution rates and landscape units. These relations were then distributed using the GIS representation of the landscape units. The GIS-embedded models were calibrated and cross-validated and show maps of 40 years soil erosion and deposition across the studied watersheds as well as a map of estimate uncertainties.


Much attention has been focused on the flue gas recycle mode and O2 concentration in previous numerical studies on oxy-fuel utility boilers, while the effects of O2 feeding strategy and OFA configuration on oxy-fuel combustion characteristics in a 600 MW wall-fired utility boiler were mainly investigated in the present study. The results showed that the optimal O2 volume fraction for the oxy-fuel combustion of the wall-fired boiler was approximately 30%. The O2 feeding strategy of decreasing the O2 concentration in inner second air (denoted by [O2]ISA) could effectively reduce NOx formation without affecting the flame stability. In addition, staged oxy-fuel combustion could be achieved with the burner configuration of closing inner second air (ISA) nozzles meanwhile opening over fire air (OFA) nozzles. The NOx emission decreased significantly from 149.05 to 97.83 mg/MJ when the staged oxy-fuel combustion was employed. Furthermore, the burnout of char and CO under staged oxy-fuel condition was greatly affe...


With the rapid development of Chinese oversea tour,Chinese travelers' impolite behaviors have become the focus of the media at home and abroad.This phenomenon may be influenced by psychological,physiological,social,historical,natural,economical and environmental factors.In the opinion of the author,these impolite behaviors can be corrected by the measures including regular education about the civilized touring,cultivating the civilized qualities,completing the legal system,strengthening the supervision,wide propaganda,respecting the customs and habits of the foreign countries,better management of the touring market,and increasing the traveling equipments.


A simple processing technique for preparation of c‐axis‐oriented Bi‐Pb‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O thin films is reported. ∼3000‐A‐thick superconductor films on silver substrate have been obtained by heavy cold rolling and partial melt processing of the superconductor‐silver composite structure. The films are highly textured due to the interface‐induced, layer‐like growth of the superconducting phase, and are essentially free of weak links. They exhibited Tc∼80 K and Jc (4.2 K) ∼104–105 A/cm2. This technique, which does not require epitaxial growth from single‐crystal substrates, may be suitable for high‐speed, low‐cost production of large‐area thin films, and points to other novel thin‐film processing possibilities.


Objective: To develop a highlevel human serum al bumin (HSA) expression system using Pichia pastoris~{!~}WT~{!=~}. Metho dsThe expression vector for HSA which was constructed in this lab was t ransformed to P.pastoris~{!~}WT~{!=~} by electroporation. The transformants wer e selected by growth on G418 and screened for HSA production by SDSPAGE and We stern blot. The HSA secretion levels were estimated by biochemical method, elect rophoresis scan and Brodford~{!d~}s method, and competitive ELISA method. Re sults The Western blot analysis showed tha t the recombinant products as a 67?000(M~{*-~}r~{!~}WT~{!=~}) secretion protein reac ted with an antiHSA monoclonal antibody. By induced expression in shake flask culture for eight days, about 3.5?g/L of rHSA was obtained from Z~{*-~}162 strain supernatant of P.pastoris. Conclusions:A yeast strai n was constructed introducing an expression vector for HSA into the P.pastoris genome. The strain prod uced as much as 3.5?g HSA per liter of shake flask culture medium.


The volume presents insights from cognitive linguistics with respect to grammar and their potential relevance to second and foreign language learning and teaching. After a detailed description of the tools of cognitive linguistics and corpus linguistics it deals with general issues of a pedagogical grammar as well as prototypical grammatical problems such as constructions, tense-aspect-modal markers, voice, case and transitivity, the expression of motion events, etc. and with applications of findings from language acquisition to second or foreign language learning (conceptual errors and contrastive analysis).


tions of education as a means of spiritual direction, especially the educational agendas of Augustine (87–91, 168–169) and Gregory of Nazianzen (55–58, 80–81), which is often overlooked by contemporary authors.While not written for the Christian education community, as a part of the Christian community that is devoted to the practice of spiritual direction as a means of Christian formation, Demacopoulos's Five Models of Spiritual Direction in the Early Church is indeed insightful and useful.


The objectives of this research are to investigate the synergistic effect of HDS activity of catalyst combination on resid hydroconversion under commercial operating conditions.


A hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) coupling agent was previously shown to enhance the exterior du rability of epoxy and one-part polyurethane bonds to wood and of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde bonds to southern pine treated with chromated copper arsenate. In its original state of development, HMR is not user friendly. It has essentially no shelf life, and the resor cinol and formaldehyde components must be mixed and reacted for a few hours before being applied. By us ing less formaldehyde, we made a novolak-type prepolymer that produces a liquid material stable in stor age. Prior to applying this compound to wood, additional formaldehyde is added to the novolak to make the HMR usable immediately and up to 7 hours after formaldehyde addition. The new form of HMR is as good a coupling agent as the original HMR, produc ing epoxy bonds to wood that pass delamination re quirements when exposed to the three accelerated aging cycles of ASTM D2559.