The purpose of the current study was to evaluate changes in attentional biases following CBT for Social Phobia. It was found that 1.) consistent with previous investigations, the overall sample displayed vigilance toward threatening facial stimuli prior to receiving treatment, and 2.) participants' pattern of responding to threatening facial stimuli changed following treat‐ ment, but only when the sample was divided into those who were vigilant and those who were avoidant prior to treatment. Findings provide support for the presence of two distinct sub‐ groups with differing attentional styles, one with a tendency for vigilance toward social threats, and a second with a tendency to avoid threat cues. These findings have important implications for how individuals may differentially respond to treatment and may help explain some of the mixed findings in the extant literature on Social Phobia and attention bias.


Wear leveling cannot entirely mitigate retention errors, which have recently become $a$ substantial reliability issue due to cell shrinking. This paper focuses on preserving accurate data by addressing retention errors rather than uniformly distributing erases across blocks, as maintaining accurate data is the true goal for enhancing reliability. We propose the concept of retention leveling, considering $a$ crucial factor, i.e., temperature, and compare it to traditional wear leveling. Experimental results demonstrate that retention leveling can significantly improve flash memory reliability by limiting the number of retention errors to merely 0.0019% of the conventional approach, while substantially alleviating the write amplification problem.


Intelligent software agents offer an ideal technology platform for providing data sharing, personalized services and pooled knowledge, while maintaining user privacy and promoting interaction in e-communities.


Ferrihydrite and feroxyhyte were synthesized at room temperature from 0.1 M FeSO 4 . Ferrihydrite, with 6 to 7 diffraction lines, formed at pHs 5-11 in the presence of Si (Fe:Si = 10:1). The use of Ge, in place of Si, resulted in the same, with the same d-spacings of the diffraction peaks. This indicates that the Si or Ge is not in the structure of ferrihydrite, but forms Fe-O-Si (or Ge) at the periphery of «domain» of ferrihydrite. The presence of Si or Ge was a requisite for the formation of ferrihydrite, because their absence led, at the pHs investigated, to the formation of goethite or lepidocrocite


INTRODUCTION Birds have undoubtedly been colliding with manmade structures ever since humans started building things skyward. The earliest documented instances of collision mortality in this country are from the late 1800's (Coues 1876, Merriam 1885) and the problems continue unabated today. The total avian mortality due to collisions with manmade obstacles is probably greater every year as buildings, towers, chimneys, overhead power lines, and other structures are erected in ever-increasing numbers. Weir (1976) provides an excellent review of bird migration, weather, and collision mortality associated with various types of structures. The biological significance of collision mortality to any species is unknown. There are too many other factors, such as total population size, natural mortality levels, and other human related influences, for which insufficient data exist to be able to put the collision mortality factor in proper perspective. Recognizing these limitations, Banks (1979) recently analyzed avian mortality, including collisions, related to human activities and estimated that about 4.75 million (0.05%) of the 10 billion annual bird deaths result from collisions with manmade structures. In this paper, I will discuss each of the major sources of avian collision mortality and briefly review any pertinent investigations recently completed, currently in progress, or planned for the near future. Where relevant, comparisons with mortality estimates of Banks (1979) and others will be made. In addition, measures that have been developed to reduce the amount of various types of collision mortality will be mentioned. Basically, this is a review, and the information presented herein was obtained from the published literature and through personal communications with investigators in this field. Most of the available reports and articles were previously compiled in an annotated bibliography (Avery et al. 1978a). For some of the mortality categories, certain analyses were made to obtain an indication of the magnitude of the annual losses attributable to these sources. These analyses are described in the appropriate sections of the discussion. TV and Radio Towers Since the mid 1950's, bird losses at TV and radio towers have attracted much attention , especially throughout the Eastern United States. These structures and their supporting guy wires comprise the largest single category among the available reports and articles dealing with collision mortality (Avery et al. 1978a). The annual losses due to collisions with towers have been estimated at 1.0 to 1.25 million birds (Aldrich et al. 1966, Banks 1979) which represents approximately 0.013 to 0.016 percent of …


Carnot cycle consists of isothermal and adiabatic processes which are reversible. Using analogy in quantum mechanics, these processes can be well explained by replacing variables in classical process with a quantum system. Quantum system which is shown in this paper is a particle that moves under the influence of a cubic potential which is restricted only to the state of the two energy levels. At the end, the efficiency of the system is shown as a function of the width ratio between the initial conditions and the farthest wall while expanding. Furthermore, the system efficiency will be considered 1D and 2D cases. The providing efficiencies are different due to the influence of the degeneration of energy and the degrees of freedom of the system.


Laurie Nathan is a Research Fellow at the Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science. Formerly he was head of the Centre for Conflict Resolution in Cape Town. He was a member of the African Union mediation team basedin Abuja that facilitatednegotiations for the Darfur Peace Agreement. This article is drawn from his address to RUSI on 6 July 2006 Introduction Between November 2005 and May 2006 an African Union (AU) mediation team based in Abuja, with support from the UN, the US, the UK and other international partners, attempted to broker a comprehensive peace agreement between the Government of Sudan and the two main rebel movements in Darfur, the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). On 5 May the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) was endorsed by the Government and the SLM faction of Minni Arkou Minawi but rejected by JEM and Abdel Wahid Mohamed al-Nur, the leader of the other SLM faction.


Introduction Chapter One: The Theory and Practice of Civil-Military Relations Chapter 2: Control of the Military and the Military's Influence on American Society Chapter 3: The Role of the Military and Military Effectiveness Chapter 4 Who Serves? Chapter 5 Renegotiating the US Civil-Military Bargain into the Future.


The rate of methane formation and evasion was estimated during summer stratification from methane profiles and the rate of methane oxidation measured with "CH,. Organic carbon sedimentation was measured with sedimentation traps. For the deep-water sediments of Lake Mendota, about 54% of the organic carbon sedimented returns as methane. Methane oxidation at the thermocline is a much more significant process in Lake Mendota than in Lake 227 during summer stratification, apparently because of the higher eddy diffusivity in Lake Mendota, with concomitant transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the zone where methane oxidation occurs. Rudd and Hamilton (1975, 1978) and Rudd et al. (1976) h ave shown that methane oxidation is an important process in the internal carbon cycling of Experimental Lake 227 (Canada), although during summer stratification maximal methane oxidizing activity was confined to a narrow zone in the thermocline region. A similar stratification of oxidizing activity has been reported for Lake Mendota (Patt et al. 1974; Harrits and Hanson 1980). A feature of methane oxidation in Lake Mendota is that high rates of oxidation occur over a rather broad depth range, usually 4-6 m in vertical extent, whereas the zone of activity reported by Rudd and Hamilton (1975,1978) for Lake 227 was usually limited to l-2 m of vertical extent. During 1977, a detailed study of the production and f&e or organic carbon was carried out in Lake Mendota (Fallon and Brock in prep.; Fallon 1978). We here relate methane production and oxidation to the overall carbon balance of Lake Mendota and show that, during summer stratification, methane oxidation is considerably more important than in Lake 227. We took semimonthly profiles of methane concentrations and methane oxidation during summer 1977 at a central lake station, using the methods of Rudd and Hamilton (1975); details of the methods will be published elsewhere (Harrits and Hanson 1980). Sedimentation of particulate organic carbon was measured over the same period with sedimentation traps which were collected weekly at three deep-water stations (Fallon and Brock in prep.). The data for both organic carbon production and methane were integrated from water column profiles for the whole lake according to the hyposometric data


erative medicine, cancer therapy, and vaccine delivery involve the noninvasive application of uniform nonequilibrium plasma (including dielectric barrier discharge plasma) to living skin. Whereas most investigations have focused on achieving desired therapeutic outcomes, fewer studies have examined the mechanisms and pathways by which epithelial cells respond to NTP exposure. Using a transwell apical–basolateral-chambered system to culture the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line, in vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate the effects of nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (nsDBD) plasma on polarized epithelial cell viability, monolayer permeability, intracellular oxidative stress, and the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Application of nsDBD plasma at 60 Hz or below had minimal or no effect on HaCaT monolayer viability or permeability. nsDBD plasma exposure did, however, result in frequency-dependent reductions in intracellular glutathione (indicating direct induction of oxidative stress by nsDBD plasma) and increased extracellular ATP concentrations in the basolateral (subepithelial) media, which are indicators of cellular stress and an NTP-induced


The invention relates to a method for operating a power on-board network (25) of a motor vehicle, wherein the energy-board network (25) comprises a plurality of components (28, 30, 32), from values of the physical operating variables of all the components (28, 30, 32) as a first is state analysis for all components (28, 30, 32) of the energy-board network (25) a diagnosis of an actual state performed, from values of the physical operating variables in each case one component (28, 30, 32) as at least a second state analysis for one component (28, 30, 32) alone is carried out a diagnosis of an actual state, said at least a second condition analysis in each case one component (28, 30, 32) through the first state analysis for all components (28, 30, 32) for plausibility ,


Submitted for the TSF11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Of intent, citation game, and scale-free networks in science: A heuristic argument VICTOR CHRISTIANTO, Sciprint.org, FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE, University of New Mexico — A heuristic argument was presented in favor of hypothesis that scientific communication corresponds to a process known as scale-free network. As a result, it is argued that scientific referencing through citation follows the same process, therefore it could be expected that this shall also exhibit fractality as observed in various phenomena associated with scalefree networks. This argument appears conceivable because the process of citation involves a decision-making, coined here as "citation game." Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico Date submitted: 17 Aug 2011 Electronic form version 1.4


Hydraulic properties (such as soil–water characteristic curves (SWCC) and hydraulic conductivity function (HCF)) play an important role in evaluating the stability of unsaturated soil slopes. Loess soils are widely distributed in Gansu Province in China, and most of them are in unsaturated conditions due to the deep groundwater table (G.W.T). In this study, twenty-eight sets of data published in the literature were analyzed to develop the upper and lower bounds of the SWCC for loess soil in Gansu. The variation of HCF for the loess soil was estimated from the upper and lower bounds curve developed in this study. Subsequently, numerical analyses incorporating scenarios considering different SWCCs, HCFs, and rainfall conditions were conducted for investigating the effects of those factors on the rainfall-induced slope stability. The results of analyses indicate that the infiltration plays an important role in the rainfall-induced slope stability. Higher permeable soil leads to a larger infiltration amount, which, in turn, results in a lower safety factor. In addition, the effect of the hydraulic property on the rainfall-induced slope stability decreases with the increase in slope angle.


Ecological ethical spirit refers to a nation's moral conception and spiritual belief about ecological protection, consisting mainly of the spirits of duty, rationality, harmony and development. It directs people's attitude towards the nature. The study and advocacy of ecological ethical spirit is helpful to enriching and developing the theoretical connotation and extending the research range of ethics, is beneficial to cultivating people's new ideas about the nature, and is advantageous to promoting people's consciousness of environmental protection so as to participate voluntarily in the construction of ecological civilization.


Over the past decade the field of robotic-assisted surgery has evolved from endoscope positioning to "master-slave systems," where the surgeons hand movements are translated to robotic instrument arms positioned inside the patient several feet away [1, 2]. The da Vinci is currently the most commonly utilized "master-slave system" system. Since the first robotic-assisted prostatectomy in 2000 and subsequent Federal Drug Administration approval, the use of the da Vinci in urologic surgery has increased to include the upper and lower urinary tracts and is rapidly expanding in the field of pediatric urology. Over the years four different da Vinci models have been introduced – standard, streamlined (S), S-high definition (HD), and recently the S integrated (i) systems. This chapter will review the personnel, operating room setup and equipment for urologic surgical procedures utilizing the da Vinci. This chapter is not designed to replace the hands-on training session provided by Intuitive Surgical, but act as a reference for any member of the surgical team. Surgical Team


Abstract BACKGROUND Gnetol is a stilbene whose characterization and bioactivity have been poorly studied. It shares some bioactivities with its analogue resveratrol, such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐thrombotic, cardioprotective and anti‐cancer activities. However, the low solubility of stilbenes may limit their potential applications in functional foods. Encapsulation in cyclodextrins could be a solution. RESULTS The antioxidant activity of gnetol was evaluated by 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods (Trolox equivalents 13.48 μmol L−1 and 37.08 μmol L−1 respectively at the highest concentration) and it was higher than that of resveratrol, and depending on the method, similar or higher to that of oxyresveratrol. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric characterization of gnetol is published for the first time. Moreover, its water solubility was determined and improved almost threefold after its molecular encapsulation in cyclodextrins, as well as its stability after storage for a week. A physicochemical and computational study revealed that cyclodextrins complex gnetol in a 1:1 stoichiometry, with better affinity for like 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (K F = 4542.90 ± 227.15 mol−1 L). Temperature and pH affected the encapsulation constants. CONCLUSION These results could increase interest of gnetol as an alternative to the most studied stilbene, resveratrol, as well as aid in the development of more stable inclusion complexes that improve its aqueous solubility and stability so that it can be incorporated into functional foods. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.


A brief account is given of a series of radiochromatographic methods -- elution, frontal, elutive-frontal, and displacement-for determining concentration ion-exchange equilibrium constants. (auth)


The seed yield in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is strongly influenced, besides by genotype, by environment and the genotype x environment interaction, so establishing the fitness and stability of hemp cultivars in multiple environments is necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance and degree of stability and variance of seed yield, the main related traits, and the correlation among the traits in five hemp monoecious cultivars cultivated in six different environments. The environments resulted from the combination of four locations, two years, and two delayed sowings in a Mediterranean area of north-eastern Italy, and the stability index of the weighted average of absolute scores (WAAS) was used in order to identify the most productive and stable genotypes on the basis of their deviation from the average performance across environments. In this studied area, early varieties, such as Fedora and Felina, proved to be the best performing and stable for seed yield and both increased their yield in correspondence to delayed sowing times, opening up the possibility of cultivating hemp as a second crop. Among the climate parameters, high temperatures during the early grain filling period led to a progressive decrease in seed yield. For a dual-purpose crop, a good compromise could be a late monoecious cultivar (like Futura, in the present experiment), which, if sown early, could certainly provide notable biomass production and acceptable seed yield.


This paper describes the architecture of a low-latency symmetric multiprocessing optical soft memory system to cluster computing inside the core of an adaptive optical signal processor with the aid of soft decision algebraic polynomial algorithms. The optical system hardware is shown to evolve along with the iterator instantiations of the soft algorithm that forms the core of the memory map. The system enables efficient cache coherence protocols used in unit multiprocessors to be run across a homogeneous cluster in optical soft memory systems. We define a structure called the Optical Generalized Viterbi Algorithm Data Structure (Optical GVA DS) that makes up the system map for adaptive optical signal processing. The system executes transforms where algorithms for handling the entire data vector is processed, shortening the computational complexity effectively. Thus the optical soft memory system as described by the evolving Optical GVA DS iterator instantiates enables the design of parallel processors to handle modulated data in the optical domain. This is of importance in the realization of distributed netcentric architectures and forms the basis of large-scale real-time data processing and acquisition in m2m units.


A kind of phosphorous-nitrogen-incorporated castor oil was synthesized and characterized by IR spectrum.The tribological characteristics of phosphorous-nitrogen-incorporated castor oil as additive for 150SN basic oil were investigated on four ball tester.The morphologies of the worn scars were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy.The results show that the phosphorous-nitrogen-incorporated castor oil as additive has better load-carrying,anti-wear and friction-reducing capability and the optimum amount of addition in the 150SN basic oil is percent 2%,it can obviously abate the abrasion of the steel balls compares with the 150SN basic oil.


The health care scene is changing in India. Today two thirds of the population seek medical care in the private sector. Corporate hospitals are increasing in number as are those built with NRI funds. Medical tourism is being vigorously pursued in some areas. At the same time foreign insurance companies and Third Party Administrators (TPA's) are entering the arena. In future it is likely that hospitals will only receive reimbursement for DRGs 1 (diagnosis related groups e.g. pneumonia, hernia etc.) and not be payed for disease complications such as hospital acquired infections. This will provide strong motivation for hospital administrators to promote infection control programmes which are already mandatory abroad for hospitals seeking accreditation. 2


IRIS is an autonomous data collection and processing system that exploits recent advances in ultra wideband (UWB), WiMax and radio fibre technologies to provide data and multimedia services for vehicles along a stretch of the M4 motorway in the UK. Vehicles receive location sensitive data and potentially data from other sensing devices along the M4 and exchange data with roadside embedded sensors already in place. This data is processed remotely and used for short term and long term purposes. IRIS provides the link between the fixed and mobile systems and enables a better use of infrastructure. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.


Systems analysis and design (SAD) is a core part of systems development and the Information Systems curriculum (Gorgone et al, 2002; Bajaj et al, 2004). SAD is a complex process, with many techniques used to understand problems and design solutions. This paper investigates how an agile software development approach may be used for the teaching and learning of SAD. The research reviews and compares literature on agile teaching and learning (ATL) and the challenges of SAD teaching and learning (T&L). The ATL approach is used to address the challenges of SAD T&L. Accordingly, the paper proposes an agile SAD T&L approach. The main limitation of the study is that the proposed approach has not been tested. The most promising concept of the proposed agile SAD T&L approach is its flexibility and ability to adapt and adjust according to individual preferences and needs.


Background. The evidence of the harm of air pollutants to respiratory health in inland cities in southern China is relatively limited. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the relationship between air pollutants and the number of hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in this area.Method. The number of inpatients with COPD, air quality data and meteorological data in the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University in Ganzhou City from 2016 to 2020 were collected. Generalized additive models were used to analyze the lagged effects of air pollutants and their health effects on the number of hospitalizations for COPD.Results. Among a variety of pollutants, the air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in Ganzhou City have a significant impact on the number of hospitalized patients with COPD. Using PM2.5 as an example, the single day lag effect and cumulative lag effect reached their maximum at lag 6 day and lag 12 day, respectively, at which time the number of hospitalizations due to COPD increased by 2.82% and 6.60%, respectively. After adjusting for other pollutants, it was found that the impact of PM2.5 on the number of hospitalizations of COPD patients did not change much. Compared with the cold season, the changes of PM2.5, PM10 and O3 in warm season have a greater impact on the number of inpatients with COPD.Conclusions. The increased concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in Ganzhou may increase the risk of COPD patients, which is one of the reasons for the increase in the number of COPD hospitalizations.


A search page for the submissions of evidence to the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (The Dearing Committee)


This study investigated the degradation of organic and inorganic matters of wastewater by conventional ozonation and ozone/UV AOPs. The experiments performed with two types of wastewater (synthetic and industrial) having the same chemical oxygen demand COD, varying solution pH and employing UV clearly showed that oxidation during ozonation process was dominated by OH reactions. Conventional ozonation with 2 g/hr maximum ozone dose led to 56% COD removal efficiency in synthetic wastewater, while 52% was estimated from industrial wastewater, both having the same initial COD value of almost 50 ppm and contact time of 80 min. In meanwhile, using UV improved the utilization efficiency of oxidation by reducing the OH scavenging contribution of oxidants, 62% and 70% were the efficiencies of industrial and synthetic respectively in ozone/UV applications. Therefore, combined ozone/AOPs shows better removal efficiency of toxic contaminants than using ozone alone.


This study was carried out at the Al-Nasiriyah Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes for the period from 10 October 2013 to 3 September 2014. It was conducted to determine the causal factors of diabetes mellitus type II at Thi-Qar province south of Iraq. The results showed that the incidence of diabetes was high among females (54%). The results also showed that the highest rate (30%) of the diabetes among age group 49-59 years that they have symptoms of diabetes but they have not a history of diabetes (51%). The highest incidence of diabetes was among smoker patients (64%), that the distribution of diabetes among urban was high (62%) than rural (38%). In addition, pathogenic bacteria were isolated from diabetic patients from different infectious sites such as urinary tract, wound and respiratory tract infections. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated at high percentage respectively, while the most bacterial isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxycillin, but other isolates showed sensitive to Amikacin, Cefotaxime, Azithromycin and Cefixime. The results from published reports as well as our data suggest that good control of blood sugar in diabetic patients is a necessary aim to prevent of certain infections and to ensure maintenance of normal host defence.


The present study explored current Chinese college students' expressiveness of Chinese culture as well as intercultural communicative sensitivity in intercultural communication. 152 First-year undergraduate nonEnglish majors of academic year 2012-2013 in a prestigious university participated in the research. A triangulation of instruments was used to collect data in the present research: surveys, reflective journals and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the research were: (1) the overall participants' intercultural sensitivity level was slightly above the medium. (2) All students agreed the expressiveness of Chinese culture in intercultural communication was very important, however, most of them believed that they had difficulties in expressing Chinese culture in intercultural communication. (3) When facing the difficulties in expressing home culture in English, more than 62.5% of the students would try to explain it in different ways, while 24.3% of them would choose to switch the topic. (4) The majority of the students held that lack of vocabulary and translation proficiency were the leading factors that influenced their expressiveness of Chinese culture.


Objective To study the effect of allodecedllular sheath extracellular matrix(ASECM) for repairing of the hernia. Methods 12 dogs were randomly divided into two groups:(1)ASECM repairing group (ASECM group), 6 dogs; (2) artificial materia (AM) repairing group (Control group), 6 dogs. Abdominal wall defect of 3cm×5cm area was made on both of right and left abdomen in ASECM group and control group. The defect of left abdomen was not repaired as a self-control. The defect of right abdoment was repaired by ASECM in ASECM group , and by AM in control group . Microscopically, imunohistochemical study and electroscopy were performed 2,8,16 weeks after operation in both ASECM group and control geoup. Results A hernia could be seen on the defect of left abdominal wall in both groups 2 days after operation, but no hernia was found on the defect of right abdominal wall. In ASECM group , microscopy showed that the number of fibroblast cells (FBC) growing in the ASECM increased graduately 2~8 weeks after operation, but decreased 16 weeks after operation, and no inflammatory cells infiltration was seen at any time;electroscopically, the ASECM was filled with clear ranked thin collegen 16 weeks after operation. Contrarily, in control group, microscopy showed that the amount of covering the superficialness of AM increased graduately 2~8 weeks after operation, but not many FCs could be seen inside the AM, and inflammatory cells infiltration was found at every time postoperativly. Electroscopically, FCs grew to cover the superficialness as reaction of host to the foreign body ,and the AM had not merged with host tissues. Immuohistochemical study showed that there were typy I and III collegen presented in the repairing materias. Conclusions ASECM can provide a fram for the host FCs growth, So the ASECM can be mixed together with host tissues to provide a good intensive potency against hernia recurrence, and ASECM might be an ideal tissue-engineering materia for repairing hernia.


Abstract : A theoretical approach to the problem of how contact leaching anti-fouling paints work is discussed; a possible mechanism is selected and applied to an idealised model of a paint film. A precise mathematical treatment is then attempted of the relationship between the leaching rate, the physical properties, and if applicable the chemical properties of the envisaged paint film and its environment. A mechanism previously proposed has been examined by this method. An equation is derived for an idealised paint film relating the leaching rate to the physical properties of the paint film and the leachate. It is assumed that the rate of solution of a soluble pigment from an insoluble vehicle is dependent only on the physical properties of the paint film and the diffusion of the solvated pigment through the exhausted matrix and the diffusion layer of leachate in direct contact with the surface of the paint. An equation is derived for an idealised paint film which relates the leaching rate to some physical properties of the paint film and of the leachate. The equation is shown to predict qualitatively the effect of most variables known to affect the leaching of contact leaching paints. Some evidence is given to support the quantitative prediction of the relationship between the pigment volume content and the initial leaching rate, the effect of dissolved pigment in solution on the leaching rate, the increase in leaching rate for a given temperature increase, and the effect of velocity of flow past the surface of the paint film. This method of approach would appear to be applicable to mechanisms and models bearing a closer resemblance to practical anti-fouling paints. (Author)


The utility model discloses a waste water filtering device. The waste water filtering device comprises a filtering box. The filtering box is provided with an upper end cover, a waste water inlet, a first filtering chamber, a second filtering chamber, a third filtering chamber and a waste water outlet. The first filtering chamber is defined by a vertical partition plate arranged between the front wall and the back wall of the filtering box, a primary filtering net arranged between the lower portion of the vertical partition plate and the right wall of the filtering box, the front wall and the back wall jointly. An included angle is formed between the primary filtering net and the horizontal plane. A first sediment outlet is formed in the lowest portion where the primary filtering net is connected with the right wall of the filtering box. A second sediment outlet is formed in the bottom of the second filtering chamber and provided with a timing sediment outlet valve. The timing sediment outlet valve is controlled by a control device. The control device is provided with a timing element. A drawing control wire can be controlled to open the timing sediment outlet valve in a timed mode to carry out timing removing on sediment at the bottom of the second filtering chamber. By means of the waste water filtering device, waste water of a public water room can be effectively filtered to be used for flushing a toilet or other purposes.


ABSTRACT A simple and rapid method determination of phenol is described, using a bromination reaction and biamperometric detection. The method is based on measurements of the intensity of current passing through two identical inert electrodes giving the concentration of phenol in samples. The sample is injected into a stream of carrier and merged with a stream of acidic bromine solution which brominates phenol in the reaction coil. A linear relationship between peak height and phenol concentration is observed in the range of 0.05 to 8 μg ml−1 of phenol. The relative standard deviation was 2.8% for analysis of 5μg ml−1 phenol and the sampling rate was 70 h−1


The Brazilian Northeast region is covered largely by vegetation adapted to the arid conditions and with varied physiognomy, called caatinga. It occupies an extension of about 800.000 km2 that corresponds to 70% of the region. In recent decades, considerable progress in understanding the micrometeorological processes has been reached, with results that were incorporated into soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere transfer schemes (SVATS) to study the momentum, energy, water vapor, carbon cycle and vegetation dynamics changes of different ecosystems. Notwithstanding, the knowledge of the parameters and physical or physiological characteristics of the vegetation and soil of the caatinga region is very scarce. So, the objective of this work was performing a calibration of the parameters of the SSiB model for the Brazilian Northeast Caatinga. Micrometeorological and hydrological data collected from July 2004 to June 2005, obtained in the Agricultural Research Center of the Semi‐Arid Tropic (CPATSA), were used. Preceding t...


In this paper, I give an argument for the view that non-fact entities – such as physical objects, abstract objects, events and so on – can ground other entities. Roughly put, the argument is as follows: those who accept this view can provide a more plausible account of the grounds of identity facts than those who deny this view.


This paper presents a new technique that can be used to locate vehicle plate area. The previous vehicle locating-tech-niques mainly took use of the texture features and shape features of the vehicle plate. The new technique described in this paper is to analyze the texture feature and shape feature of vehicle plate firstly, then to take use of color model to do continuous process in order to use as many conditions as possible in the pattern analysis space. The tidy vehicle plate area as small as possible is segmented. The new technique solves the problem that the segmented area becomes bigger only relying on the texture and shape analysis.


had nominated Adlai Stevenson to oppose Dwight Eisenhower in 1952 because they knew they would lose that election. I doubt that delegates to the Democratic Convention reasoned that way. And I imagine that at least some influential members of the Egyptian regime under Abd al-Nasir, Sadat, and Mubarak—perhaps even the presidents themselves—believed that they were moving the country toward liberal democracy. Could these opposition groups have maintained morale and membership without believing some of what they said about the need for change and democratization? That they did not succeed in achieving such goals does not prove hypocrisy. The harsh judgments about intent seem unnecessary to the argument of the book. Albrecht says opposition can contest a government at three levels: "singular policies executed, or planned to be executed, by the incumbency; the basic rules and procedures of the regime; and singular members of the political elite, that is, the incumbency [italic in the original]" (p. 9). There he differentiates regime and incumbency, but, perhaps because he does not think even the Islamists represented a genuine challenge to the regime, he tends to use the words "incumbency" and "regime" almost interchangeably in the rest of the book. Often it is not clear whether "incumbency" refers to the inner circle around the president or to a larger group, such as the ruling party. It is sometimes unclear whether "incumbency" means the military regime as constituted since 1952 or just those holding office under Mubarak. Unfortunately, the quality of writing and editing makes the book much less accessible than it could be. The switching of verb tenses constitutes a serious impediment to clarity. Written or revised after the fall of Mubarak, the text sometimes refers to happenings of the Mubarak era with the simple past tense, but sometimes it employs the present perfect as if the regime and its practices continue. That may well be the case, but the seemingly haphazard choice of tenses leaves the reader wondering what the author meant. A second problem relates to sequence: the reader encounters "on the other hand" without being able to find "on the one hand," or finds himself searching backward for "first" once "second" and "third" are mentioned. Misuse of prepositions is frequent. And then there are misspellings and typos of the sort that have become all too common in contemporary academic publications. The book includes a guide to acronyms, a small glossary, and an index, all of which are helpful. With this book, flawed though it is, Albrecht establishes himself as one of the most astute observers of the contemporary political scene in Egypt. He makes a significant contribution to the understanding of authoritarianism in one country and to the understanding of that phenomenon more broadly. The study is theoretically sophisticated and empirically solid.


Objective To analyze the voluntary counseling and testing results and the current status of HIV in Jinzhou city in 2012,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of AIDS. Methods Related data of volunteers who accepted HIV voluntary counseling and testing from VCT clinic of Jinzhou center for disease prevention and control were analyzed. Results Voluntry counseling and serum HIV antibody test were both carried out in the 1313 consultants. Most were between 18 ~ 39 years old,accounting for 55%,and the male to female ratio was 1. 8: 1. Unsafe sexual behavior was the main reason of the consultation,promiscuity accounted for 97. 25%,and the commercial heterosexual sex ranked the highest,followed by non-commercial hetersexual sex and MSM. Eleven cases were positive with the detection rate of 0. 83%,and ten of them had high-risk behaviors,including seven MSM infection cases( 64%),and the male to female ratio was 10∶1. Conclusion The transmission of AIDS was mainly through sexual behaviors in Jinzhou. Young and MSM population were high-risk population of HIV infection,so more intervention measures should be adopted on this population to reduce the spread speed and range of HIV.


The present research work investigates and analyses the effect of compaction pressure, sintering temperature and time on mechanical characteristics, namely compressive strength and Young's modulus of Ni50−xTi50Cux (x = 0, 5 and 10) alloys fabricated using powder metallurgy technology. The effect of process parameters on mechanical characteristics was evaluated using the Taguchi method and analysis of variance. Using the Taguchi approach, optimised values of process parameters were found for higher compressive strength and lower Young's modulus in each set of Ni50Ti50, Ni45Ti50Cu5 and Ni40Ti50Cu10 alloys. With the addition of copper in NiTi alloy, a little improvement in mechanical characteristics was observed, but bioactivity was decreased at 10%of Cu. Therefore, above 5% of Cu in NiTi alloy was not proved successful for biomedical applications.


High temperature superconductivity is an important topic in contemporary solid state physics, and an area of very active research. Due to it's potential for application in low temperature electronic devices, the material has attracted the attention of researchers in the electronic engineering and material science fields alike. Moreover, from a fundamental point of view, several questions remain unanswered, related to the origin of superconductivity of this class of materials and the nature of quantised magnetic flux present in magnetised samples. In this work, flux creep phenomena in a thin superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 film deposited by pulsed laser deposition, is investigated near the critical temperature 0 ≤ Tc – T ≤ 10 K. Creep activation energy U0 and critical current density jc were determined as a function of temperature close to Tc, providing important data to a problem of high-Tc superconductivity which is still a matter of debate. In particular it is still an open question whether restoring the temperature in a creep freezing experiment in fact restores the film to it's original state before the freezing. The most important novel results concern the regime of critical fluctuations in the vicinity Tc T < 1 K. We studied the isothermal relaxation of trapped magnetic flux, and determined that the long time decay follows a power law, where the exponent is inversely proportional to the creep activation energy. The temperature dependence of the critical current density jc(T) of the YBa2Cu3O7 film close to Tc was obtained during warming runs. It was determined that jc(T) follows a square root dependence on T to high accuracy in the range 0.2 ≤ Tc – T ≤ 1.5 K. During flux creep experiments an interesting phenomenon called creep freezing related to the strong temperature dependence of the relaxation rate was observed. A pronounced slowing of relaxation with only a small drop in temperature from a starting temperature close to Tc was detected. Experiments were conducted by initiating an isothermal flux decay run. At a certain point the temperature was slightly lowered, and the flux decay stopped within experimental accuracy. When the temperature was restored to the initial value, the flux decay resumed at the previous rate before cooling. An argument based on vortex drift velocity was employed to explain the phenomenon qualitatively. During the course of this investigation, a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) system was designed and built from scratch. PLD involves the interaction of a focussed laser pulse with a multielemental solid target material. Material ablated from the target forms a fast moving plume consisting of atomic and molecular particles, directed away from the target, and towards a usually heated substrate on which the particles condense layer by layer to form a thin film. The substrate temperature and background gas are carefully controlled to be conductive to the growth of a desired phase of the multi-elemental compound. The PLD system proved to be quite versatile in the range of materials that could be deposited. It was used to deposit thin films of different materials, most notable were good quality superconducting YBa2Cu3O7, thermochromic VO2, and magnetoresistive LaxCa1-xMnO3. Metallic Au and Ag layers were also successfully deposited on YBa2Cu3O7 thin films, to serve as protective coatings. The critical temperatures of the best superconducting films were 90 K as determined by resistivity measurement. The optimal deposition conditions to deposit high quality superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 thin films was found to be: deposition temperature 780°C, laser energy density 2-3 J/cm, oxygen partial pressure 0.2 mbar, and target-substrate distance 35 mm. This yields film with Tc ~ 90 K. It was found that deposition temperature plays the predominant role in determining the quality of YBa2Cu3O7 thin films deposited by PLD.


Two types of enhancement-mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with different gate insulators are fabricated on Si substrates. The HfO2 gate insulator and the Al2O3 gate insulator each with a thickness of 30 nm are grown by the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The energy band diagrams of two types of dielectric MIS-HEMTs are compared. The breakdown voltage (VBR) of HfO2 dielectric layer and Al2O3 dielectric layer are 9.4 V and 15.9 V, respectively. With the same barrier thickness, the transconductance of MIS-HEMT with HfO2 is larger. The threshold voltage (Vth) of the HfO2 and Al2O3 MIS-HEMT are 2.0 V and 2.4 V, respectively, when the barrier layer thickness is 0 nm. The C–V characteristics are in good agreement with the Vth's transfer characteristics. As the barrier layer becomes thinner, the drain current density decreases sharply. Due to the dielectric/AlGaN interface is very close to the channel, the scattering of interface states will lead the electron mobility to decrease. The current collapse and the Ron of Al2O3 MIS-HEMT are smaller at the maximum gate voltage. As Al2O3 has excellent thermal stability and chemical stability, the interface state density of Al2O3/AlGaN is less than that of HfO2/AlGaN.


Consider a lambda matrix F(ƛ, δ). This may, for example, result from the equation of motion of a dynamical system, δ being a measure of the magnitude of some possible modification to the system or some other variable parameter. Let λ be an eigenvalue and p' and q the corresponding left hand and right hand eigenvectors. Then One wishes to determine the derivatives of ƛ with respect to δ. Expressions for the first two derivatives will be obtained on the assumptions that F is simply degenerate and that ƛ is not a repeated root.


Bangladesh has been witnessing tremendous industria l growth across its industrial sector. Textile and apparel have especia lly dragged the focus of government and private sector. So if public and private sector an make a good relationship according to the public private partnership in Bangladesh Gar ments Industry it can make a lot of improvement in this industry. Vast availability of lowest manpower, one of the most competitive energy costs and a proven track record in apparel production and exports have positioned Bangladesh as a regional apparel in dustry development hub in the Asian continent. In context of fast increase in labor wag es and raw material prices in other major regional counterparts, such as China, India, Thailand etc., Bangladesh is well poised to remain most preferred destination for int ernational apparel majors for sourcing world class fabric and finished clothes. This paper will reveal some cooperative strategies and implement method for public and private partner ship by doing SWOT analysis in Bangladesh Garments Industry. This paper is also de vised to find out some strategic way of implementing the Public-Private Partnership (PPP ) projects from the perspective of performance improvement and sustainability in Bangl desh Garments Industry.


Despite an apparently successful empirical correlation, it is incorrect to ascribe variations in 29Si and 13C chemical shifts in silicon carbide polytypes to diamagnetic anisotropy effects Keywords...


The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient knowledge of the influence of conditions the migration-mobile region on the formation of time perspectives for young people. The purpose was to study the correlation of time perspectives and migration attitudes of Magadan students at different stages of education. Methods: a questionnaire for studying the time perspectives of ZPTI F. Zimbardo in the adaptation of A. Syrtsova and the "Scale of Migratory Personality Attitudes", based on the author's concept of migration attitudes. Conclusions: the study showed that as learning in the university decreases the role of assessing the past in the territorial self-determination of Magadan students and the role of satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the present increases. The younger students, satisfied with the past, are more committed to the place of residence, and the students of the senior courses are satisfied with the present. The dual role of meaningful people in forming the time perspectives of the undergraduates is revealed: expectations from relatives and support for the student's migratory attitudes open up a future time perspectives for him, and vice versa, the absence of such leads to frustration, a sense of hopelessness described in the terminology of ZPTI as a "fatalistic present". The lack of a link between their own migration attitudes and the time perspectives of the future means that some of the purposeful students connect their perspectives with the actual place of residence, some with a possible move.


We have applied tunneling of electrons between a normal metal and a superconductor to refrigerate a thin dielectric membrane attached to the normal electrode of a superconductor/ insulator/normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (SINIS) structure. Starting from T≈200 mK, a decrease in temperature of several mK was observed, measured by a separate thermometer on the membrane. It should be straightforward to improve the refrigerator performance to the level of the recently demonstrated SINIS electron cooling method, such that the drop in the lattice temperature would be more than an order of magnitude larger.


The health and economic security of children and their families were discussed by an array of experts at a January meeting of the National Academy of Social Insurance. The Washington-based, nonprofit Academy promotes research and education concerning Social Security and other public and private programs that help to meet the Nation's economic and health care needs. Its fourth ammal conference addressed issues including: l The social and political framework of current income and health care policy and its relationship to future policy development l Alternative income security and health care policies l The consequences of poverty for child development l Maternal and child health experts' concerns with the various national health care reform proposals The Social Security Bulletin is publishing summaries of the five major presentations in this issue and the next. Social Security Commissioner Gwendolyn S. King presented the dinner speech, " How Does Social Security Protect America's Children? " Excerpts from her speech follow. " The time has come to speak loudly and bluntly about the plight of the Nation's underprivileged children. The country's nonprofit organizations are devoting more of their energies and resources to children's issues. Within the government, MS [Health and Human Services] Secretary Sullivan has created a panel that will explore exclusively public sector options for aiding America's youth. This Nation has the know-how and the resourcefulness to improve our children's well being. It is time for us to show that we have the will, the genuine desire, to put the health and welfare of our children first. " I want to share some thoughts with you about Social Security's current and future role in the effort to help children in need, about the course of our national debate on government spending priorities, and about the challenges and needs that Social Security and other Federal programs cannot address in assembling an effective, comprehensive policy for America's children. " But, most of all, I want to stress again the need for a widespread, intense national resolve to address these issues. In Social Security, we've got a strong foundation from which to build. Social Security is thought of by many, if not most, Americans as the institution that provides a measure of financial security to people when they reach retirement age. That is, of course, a job that Social Security has done very well for over half a century. " But my agency has another responsibility as …


This study explored the framing of the Iraqi war of 2003 by the British newspapers namely The Guardian and The Independent. The study revealed how Iraq war was covered and what media frames were employed by the British newspapers. For this, editorials of these newspapers were analyzed by employing the technique of thematic analysis. By analyzing the data, it was found that British press mostly framed Iraq war in a negative stance. The British newspapers frequently adopted anti war frame and criticized British government support to the Iraqi attack. The British press was more concerned about humanitarian and rebuilding issues in Iraq. Overall, it was noted that the coverage of Iraq attack was dominated by oppositional themes and press did not support government policy on Iraq crisis.


The research is based on Taroko National Park—the typical park in Taiwan.Using the factor analysis,the paper extracts ecotourism attitude factors.By the cluster analysis,the paper obtains ecotourism market segmentation.Further,through double bounded dichotomous choice model of the contingent valuation method,the paper estimates non-use values of ecotourism resources and explore the difference of non-use values among the groups whose ecotourism attitudes are different.The results showed that,17 original factors designed for questionnaire could convert into 4 different independent factors,with the Nature and Culture Resources Maintenance as the most important factor by tourists;3 groups whose ecotourism attitudes were different had obvious market segmentation;During the double quotes,tourists showed the same recognition on the 4 types of non-use values;Tourists with conservation backgrounds tended to pay more for the general non-use values,men were willing to pay more for Bequest value,while tourists with high income willing to pay more for Optional Value;The WTP of tourists was highest for Bequest Value,then for Altruistic Value or Existence Value and the last for Option Value;The WTP of the group of paying everything attention was highest,then the group of worrying tourism impact on nature,and lowest in the group of attention weak.


In combination with the research department of the DVGW (Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches e.V. = German Gas and Water Engineering Association) attached to it, the Chair of Combustion Technology makes up the combustion technology division of the Engler-Bunte-Institute, a part of the Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering within the University of Karlsruhe. Also incorporated in this division is the Research Department for Fire-safety Technology, which is itself an institution of the University.


The entire world stood still when the novel coronavirus struck wrath, disrupting the psychological and socioeconomic lives of mankind. Coronavirus disease 2019 created a disastrous impact globally, mimicking a war-like situation. India witnessed extensive lockdown, aimed at limiting the transmission of infection by reducing human contact. This uncertain situation sowed fear and anxiety in the minds of the population, affecting their mental well-being. People are trying to cope with the double whammy of spiking infections and economic instability due to halted businesses. This study attempts to capture the prevalent stress and anxiety in the general population and to highlight the differences in coping with stress and anxiety between the yoga and non-yoga practitioners. Rhythmical yogic breathing, Sudarshan kriya yoga, has shown several beneficial effects in alleviating anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. The observations from this study strengthens the evidence that yoga is effective to maintain mental well-being even during unusual times.


The feasibility of using rheometer and mathematic analysis method to evaluate the dispersion of filler in rubber matrix and achieve an optimum filler loading level were verified by RPA,SEM and TEM analysis.The results showed that the three methods of RPA,SEM and TEM,as well as rheometer and mathematic analysis method came to the same result that the optimum addition level of silica filler in STU/silica/NR compound with 0.92 phr STU was about 30 phr.It was suggested that the rheometer and mathematic analysis method could be effective for evaluating the dispersion of filler and optimum filler content in designing rubber composite.


The software GeoGebra is very useful in teaching geometry in middle school or high school classes because it helps students to visualize geometric figures studied and to distinguish between general properties and those resulting from any cases in which a geometric figure was realized. Here are some examples where the using of GeoGebra will be helpful 1. The Circumscribed Circle of a Triangle Teaching the circumscribed circle of a triangle to 6 graders raises some technical problems regarding the accuracy of the drawing in students' notebooks. Due to the imperfection of the tools or to the lack of attention, their circumscribed circle does not contain all the vertices of the triangle, setting the wrong impression that their triangle was not the right one for the circle. Using GeoGebra when teaching this topic will help students understand that every triangle has a circumscribed circle and its center can be found by intersecting the three perpendicular bisectors of the sides. The steps in doing that will be: 1. Create an arbitrary triangle ABC; 2. Construct the perpendicular bisector for two of its sides and name their intersection point O; 3. Construct the perpendicular bisector of the third side and notice that this one contains point O, regardless of the size or the type of the triangle ABC. For this, click the "move" button, select one of the vertices and drag it on the screen, changing the shape and the size of the triangle. The perpendicular bisectors will change their position with the sides, without changing the fact that O belongs to all three of them; 4. Construct the circle with center O through vertex A and notice that the circle contains also vertices B and C. Perform the "dragging test" to verify that this will happen regardless of the size or shape of the triangle.


Directed self-assembly (DSA) is an attractive next-generation lithography (NGL) technique. Nevertheless, a high-quality via/contact layout decomposition method is required to enable the technology. In this paper, we introduce a via/contact layout decomposition method based on local optimization. Besides Maximal Cardinality Matching(MCM), this method uses local optimization to reduce the conflicts between grouping and coloring and adds the step of a uniform coloring algorithm to make the density of coloring results uniform. Simulation results show that this method is suitable for large-scale layouts, and achieves better results.


Experiments leading to the design of applicators of various sizes giving a uniform field for the clinical use of the electron beam from the 15 MeV linear accelerator are described. Distributions measured using red Perspex show that the dose is uniform to within 10 per cent for a depth of 3·5 cm from the skin surface for fields with a diameter greater than about 8 cm. The method of beam monitoring and the safety precautions adopted when using the electron beam clinically are also described.


The average channel capacity (in the Shannon sense) assigned to each user of a spread spectrum system operating in Rayleigh fading is estimated when optimum operation of a maximal ratio combining Rake receiver is assumed. As is shown, the derived expression fully conforms to the upper bound for the capacity of an ideal non-fading additive white Gaussian noise channel when the transmitted signal bandwidth tends to infinity, i.e. the Shannon limit, proving the validity of the presented analysis.


It has been widely recognized that one of the keys to cost reduction and service improvement in national health care lies in the integration of medical information system. Integration of information can not only improve care delivery today, but it can also help build research bases to enhance future care delivery. The question is how to achieve such integration? Imposing a single client software solution or common clinical terminology does not appear likely to happen. That lack of single software solutions and common terminologies means that solutions to integrate medical information will have to use, and somehow solve, the many heterogeneous data sources that currently exist. We believe the GRID computing paradigm has the potential to provide viable solutions to this problem. In collaboration with researchers in Health Information Science and practitioners in Health Care, we have developed a prototype for the Health Information Grid, a middleware technology that supports inexpensive mediation of medical information among rapidly evolving, heterogeneous medical information sources. This paper makes three main contributions: (1) it discusses issues and requirements arising from constructing a global health information network in Canada from a software engineering point of view, (2) it presents the concepts of a technology developed to address these issues, and (3) it presents a prototype of this technology along with a case study developed in collaboration with domain experts and practitioners.


This important study builds on the work this research team has been undertaking for several years. The experiences and outcomes for children after their healthcare encounters are important, as demonstrated by a report from the Department of Health ( 2012 ). Engaging children and young people in research can be a challenge, but it is highly rewarding ( Boylan 2004 ).


The invention discloses a dipole antenna theory-based current radiation transmitting device for measuring a cable connected between a transmitting device and a receiving device. The current radiation transmitting device comprises a measurement receiver, a PC machine and current calipers. A receiving end of the measurement receiver is connected to an output end of the current calipers through a coaxial line; the current calipers are clamped on the cable; and an output end of the measurement receiver is connected with the PC machine through a GPIB bus. The current radiation transmitting device carries out voltage-current conversion and conditional selection treatment on a measured voltage value VO outputted by the measurement receiver through a cable radiation analysis module in the PC machine, then obtains a common mode current IC in the cable, and finally obtains the radiation strength '*' max of an observation point by analyzing the common mode current IC according to the radiation strength.


Aldosterone excretion was studied in 10 patients with myasthenia gravis of fulminant, generalized and ocular forms. A slight to moderate increase of urinary excretion of aldosterone was observed during the period "with" extremity weakness in the patients of a fulminant form or a generalized form, and the value decreased to normal limits during the period "without" extremity weakness. The value of aldosterone in 4 cases of ocular form was always within normal limits. Increase of sodium-potassium ratio in the urine was observed during "without" weakness. No significant abnormality in urinary 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was observed.


The survivability of teeth in catastrophic conditions is the feature that makes forensic odontology a definite entity. Photo graphy is one of the most important tools used in the practice of forensic dentistry. Forensic photographs are used for measurement or analysis, to accompany forensic reports, articles or research papers. Accurate photographic documentation of a crime scene is a crucial component of any venture into evidence collection, especially when it applies to recording bite marks inflicted on humans during crimes of violence. The results of forensic photography yields good evidence in bringing with it a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction that the forensic dentist has made a significant contribution to the case. Developing the skills necessary to competently document these injuries with visible and nonvisible light is one of the great challenges in forensic dentistry. The aim of the present review is to highlight the concepts and techniques that are vital to the successful outcome of any investigation containing dental evidence, including cases involving violent crimes, identification of human remains and mass disaster scenarios.


A solution is developed for the problem of transient mass dispersion in fully developed laminar flow in a tube. The method can be extended to more general geometries, and by superposition to include more general boundary conditions such as those which occur in forced convection heat transfer.


Abstract Nanoparticles of zinc oxide were synthesized by a solution combustion method. The average size of these particles was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction. Composites of natural rubber and the ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by a latex blending method. The matrix phase was cured by using the crosslinking agent, pentane-1,5-diylidenediamine. Effects of crosslinking and incorporation of nanoparticles on the tensile and solvent transport properties of the natural rubber were studied in detail. The nature of the dispersion of the nanoparticles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). It was observed from the tensile studies that the addition of the curing agent and the ZnO nanoparticles increased the stability considerably. Incorporation of the nanoparticles also considerably increased the solvent resistance of the cured natural rubber. We suggest the addition of ZnO nanoparticles at a low loading level provided better properties compared to other reinforcements, such as carbon black and nano-clay.


Maekawa and Kikuchi (2005) used the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese ( CSJ ) to analyse the frequency of vowel devoicing in different phonological environments. According to their analysis, the devoicing rate is highest when a fricative is followed by a stop and lowest when an affricate is followed by a fricative. Moreover, the results of their study suggest that devoicing also occurs in atypical environments, as in non-close vowels and in contexts where a vowel is followed by a voiced consonant. However, the frequency of devoicing is conditioned not only by phonological factors but, at a certain extent, also by extra-linguistic and sociological factors such as age, gender and speech style. This paper aims to analyse the sociolinguistic variation of vowel devoicing in spontaneous Japanese using the CSJ -Core consisting of about 45 hours of speech, all of which have been (sub-)phonemically segmented. Age, gender and speech style variation has been analysed for different phonological environments. Particular attention will be given to atypical environments which showed a higher rate of variability.


The seven xeroderma pigmentosum proteins (XPps), XPA–XPG, coordinate the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, promoting the excision of DNA lesions caused by exposition to ionizing radiation, majorly from ultraviolet light. Significant efforts are made to investigate NER since mutations in any of the seven XPps may cause the xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy diseases. However, these proteins collaborate with other pivotal players in all known NER steps to accurately exert their purposes. Therefore, in the old and ever‐evolving field of DNA repair, it is imperative to reexamine and describe their structures to understand NER properly. This work provides an up‐to‐date review of the protein structural aspects of the closest partners that directly interact and influence XPps: RAD23B, CETN2, DDB1, RPA (RPA70, 32, and 14), p8 (GTF2H5), and ERCC1. Structurally and functionally vital domains, regions, and critical residues are reexamined, providing structural lessons and perspectives about these indispensable proteins in the NER and other DNA repair pathways. By gathering all data related to the major human xeroderma pigmentosum‐interacting proteins, this review will aid newcomers on the subject and guide structural and functional future studies.


of Thesis By Lillian Ethel Rueker The purpose of this study was to determine the interest and ability of the membership of Wheat Street Baptist Church to support a church recreation program. Questionnaires were given to 500 members selected from the financial membership roll of the church. The data for this study were obtained from the 300 questionnaires returned. The majority of the members studied were between 30 and 39 years of age and had some formal education, ranging to the eighth grade. Most of them were married. Domestic and personal service -was the occupation of the largest group and their average income was | 8.89 per week. Most of the members studied lived in rented homes. Almost one half of the entire group had been members of Wheat Street Baptist Church over ten years and attended church regularly. All of the members gave a weekly contribution which averaged f .35 -weekly per person. The interest of the members in recreational activities centered around music and dramatics. Host of them were rather vague about what recreation was and thought that it could correct the social ills of the community. Trained leadership was preferred to volunteer leadership. All of the members seemed willing to share their church recreation program with the community. Seventy-three percent of the members studied were willing to pay for a church recreation program while 26 percent were unwilling. The amounts


The Evolution of Risk Management Products. An Overview of the Risk Management Process. Impact of the Introduction of the Risk Management Products. Forward Contracts. Applications of Forwards. Futures. Applications of Futures. Swaps. Applications of Swaps. A Primer on Options. First-Generation Options. Applications of Options. Second-Generation Options. Engineering "New" Risk Management Products. Hybrid Securities. The Dealer's Perspective. Measuring and Managing Default Risk. Managing Price Risk in a Portfolio of Derivatives. Risk Governance. Risk Management and the Value of a Nonfinancial Firm. Measuring a Nonfinancial Firm's Exposure to Financial Price Risk. Implementing a Risk Management Program. Uses of Risk Management Products by Banks and Other Financial Institutions. Uses of Risk Management Products by Institutional Investors.


This excellent volume, derived from a workshop held at the University of Wurzburg in March 1975 summarizes investigational approaches to the etiology and pathogenesis of human and animal slow virus diseases. Topics covered include unconventional agents, such as those associated with scrapie, kuru, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and conventional agents, including those related to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Approximately one fourth of the book is devoted to multiple sclerosis. Leaders in the field of biologic investigations but not engaged in slow virus research participated in a final critique. This is not the book with which to begin a study of this rapidly expanding field, for the experts at this conference spoke to each other in great and complex detail. However, for the reader with an average background in neurology or infectious disease, the delineation of past and present approaches designed to clarify these slowly transmissible disorders, blended with


Data and information are required to manage a renewable natural resource (such as forest) sustainably. This information is largely obtained through forest inventories. Forest inventory is very important in forest management since it provides the data for planning, monitoring, evaluation, research, growth and yield, biodiversity, and timber sale. Inadequate and/or irregular forest inventory has resulted to paucity of data on which forest management decisions can be based. This study aimed at enlightening conservationists, ecologists, environmentalists, and forest managers on the need to carryout diversity assessment and inventory of flora and fauna resources within their forest ecosystems. This will help to ensure sustainable yield and prevent the extinction of economic trees and endangered animal species in the tropical dry forests. The study therefore recommended that inventory should be carryout among the tropical dry forests at regular intervals.


Rayleigh numbers calculated from linear and energy theories do not coincide when internal heat sources are present. For free boundaries exchange of stability applies, but energy theory nonetheless deems possible the existence of subcritical instabilities.


FIELD: evaporation of liquid reagents used as precursors at application of coats by chemical deposition from vapor phase. SUBSTANCE: liquid precursors of coat are continuously injected into evaporation chamber for forming the vapor. Evaporation chamber is provided with unit for distribution of liquid precursors of coat and is set in rotation by drive magnetic clutch not provided with seals. According to one version, gas forming the barrier before evaporation chamber is injected into zone located near evaporation chamber; velocity of this gas exceeds velocity of coat precursor vapor escaping from evaporation chamber, thus excluding penetration of vapor into drive magnetic clutch. According to another version, first member of drive magnetic clutch is connected with liquid precursor distributing unit located in evaporation chamber. Second member of drive magnetic clutch located near first member outside the evaporation chamber is set in rotation by first member of clutch which is connected with it by magnetic field. EFFECT: possibility of obtaining pure flow of vapor used for chemical deposition of coats. 56 cl, 5 dwg


Urban public transport development is an effective way to reduce traffic congestion and improve social mobility efficiency in cities. Improving bus transportation quality is helping to attract more passengers by eliminating private cars. This can only happen if total effect of urban public transport use exceeds all advantages of using individual transport mobility. In most cases, when buses arrival time at stopping points is not predicted, and buses themselves move out of schedule, there can be no question of any worthy alternative to personal transport. This is one of obvious factors in decline in passenger transport services quality. This article presents three methods for modeling traffic flow for predicting buses arrival times at stopping points: based on Markov chains, based on an improved hydrodynamic model and based on the use operational calculus elements and reducing solution of equations posed to integral equations numerical solutions taking into account spatiotemporal characteristics of buses movement. These methods have been tested in practice within modeling traffic flows framework in the Vologda (Russia) city to assess possibility and features of predicting buses arrival time at stopping points. On the basis of practical application, recommendations are given on possibility of using these methods in ITS implementation for large cities.


Many nations are experiencing population aging due to rising life expectancies and declines in fertility. As a result, policymakers are struggling with the sustainability of public pension systems. This paper uses an overlapping generations dynamic equilibrium model to investigate the relative merits of two pension sustainability options. The first option involves increasing the pension contribution rates of workers to ensure sustainability of the typical pay-as-you-go pension system. The second option is the switch to a fully-funded plan, in which the government is required to incur debt to honour existing pension liabilities, with individuals making contributions into the new fully-funded pension system when working, but also paying income taxes to service government debt. The timing of this switch coincides with the baby boom generation entering the old worker stage of life which is consistent with the timing of the current pension reform debate. Simulation results suggest that economies facing no population growth in the future and without technological progress are not better off switching to a fully-funded pension system. JEL Classification Codes: E21, C68, H55, J26 The author gratefully acknowledges financial assistance from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada as part of the research program, Savings and the welfare state. A version of this paper was presented at the International Symposium on Economic Theory, Policy and Applications, Athens, Greece 21-23 August 2006. * Department of Economics University Of Regina Regina, SK, Canada S4S 0A2 Tel: +1 (306) 337 2230 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com URL: www.econ.uregina.ca/wilson


The paper deals with the operation of the human factor in industrial processes. The first part describes the status of the human factor in the man - machine system and the differences in the perception of human error in the past and present time. Next, it describes the factors influencing the human factor in the industrial process and causes of human error.


ABSTRACTTo control a project means to compare its original plan with its present status and to initiate corrective actions when needed. A major impediment to control is in estimating the status or progress of the project. Dividing a project into work packages is one way to simplify the planning and control process. During the project life cycle, many work packages are in progress at every single moment. Therefore, evaluating the portion of work completed in the in-progress work packages becomes a crucial issue. This article presents two approaches to evaluating in-progress work packages. The first is based on the concept of equivalent number of units (ENU). ENU is a physical measure of the completed amount of work content. This approach may be used when it is possible to identify a pattern of repetition within the project (such as in a batch project or a project with similar components). Projects like these contain repetitive elements. Therefore, a learning curve model is introduced as a tool for establis...


Background Intervention programs for children with developmental disabilities increasingly target caregiver training to implement effective strategies for child development. Research conducted in different countries shows that the Caregiver Skills Training Program (CST) developed by the World Health Organization and Autism Speaks could also be a recommended intervention. Methods The pre-pilot phase included seven, and the pilot phase included 29 families of children with developmental disabilities trained to implement the intervention program. The caregivers were asked to complete the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist at the beginning and at the end of the program. Results In the pre-pilot phase, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test determined a statistically significant improvement in Speech, Language and Communication (z = −2.99, p < 0.05) and Health/Physical/Behavior (z = −2.375, p < 0.05) after caregiver participation in the training program. In the pilot phase, the paired t-test also determined a statistically significant improvement in Speech, Language and Communication between the first (M = 24.52, SD = 5.57) and the second testing (M = 25.66, SD = 6.11), t(28) = −2.29, p < 0.05, as well as a significant improvement between the first (M = 36.62; SD = 7.15) and the second testing (M = 35.38; SD = 5.91), t(28) = 2.11, p < 0.05 in Health/Physical/Behavior. Eta squared values (0.16 and 0.14) indicate that the intervention effect was significant. No differences were determined in Sociability and Sensory/Cognitive Awareness between the first and the second testing. Conclusion The initial results of the Caregiver Skills Training Program are encouraging. For this program to be recommended as an evidence-based intervention, further research should be conducted on larger samples, controlling possible intervening variables.


The spring benthos of 22 lakes ranging from 1–88 gl−1 salinity contained 58 species of macroinvertebrates, but only 23 species occurred in waters >3 gl−1. The amphipod Hyalella azteca and the chironomids Procladius freemani, Chironomus nr. muratensis and Cryptochironomus spp. were important at lower salinities (1–12 gl−1) whereas the chironomids Tanypus nubifer, Cricotopus ornatus and Chironomus nr. annularis dominated at moderate salinities (5–30 gl−1) and dolichopodid and ephyrid dipterans were the only species in hypersaline lakes (>50 gl−1). Diversity decreased significantly with increased salinity.

Mean dry biomass ranged from 0–9.12 gm−2, showing little correlation with salinity, though hyposaline lakes often had elevated values and hypersaline lakes very low values. Shallow lakes (<5 m) had significantly lower standing crops. There were long term changes in biomass (over 45 years) in some lakes due to cultural eutrophication or secular changes in salinity. Chironomids were by far the dominant contributors to biomass at salinities to 50 gl−1, above which dolichopodid and ephyrid dipterans dominated.

The lakes were classified into four groups—subsaline, hyposaline, shallow hypo-mesosaline and hypersaline, reflecting the importance of salinity and also relative depth as major controlling factors.


ABSTRACT This article explores agency through humour and time amongst a group of Pakistani young men who reside, or recently resided, in a refugee shelter for unaccompanied minors in Athens, Greece. It asks how their jokes about alternate futures might challenge the slow, structural violence which places these young men on the margins of society in terms of work, space, and temporality. Despite a lack of anthropological work on humour, particularly amongst migrant communities, this article takes up humour as an analytical tool due to its pervasive presence in the shelter and its challenge to the discourse of victimhood of migrant children. I ultimately argue that conventional theories about the role of humour fail to fully account for the temporalities that these jokes around futurity evoke. This article also sheds light on the various constructs of time at play within the lives of these young men and how these are disrupted in the moment of the joke. It asks what modalities of agency emerge during these jokes when we employ Deleuze's non-linear syntheses of time and seeks, ultimately, to look beyond conventional assumptions of youth agency and structural inequality, and to question the premises upon which such conventions are built.


Although the release or threatened release of hazardous substances into the environment often creates liability for both cleanup costs and natural resource damages liability, the process of planning and conducting cleanup and the process of assessing natural resource damages are most often conducted separately. However, the substantial similarities between the two processes often present opportunities to integrate significant steps in each. Such integration has the potential to reduce both the cost of measuring and, often, resolving the full range of environmental claims at a given cleanup site and the time it takes to do so. It can also lead to faster restoration of injured natural resources and the services they provide to the public and the environment. One key reason for the lack of integration is the fact that cleanup managers generally know little if anything about the natural resource damage assessment process, while the public officials authorized to assess damages to natural resources know little about the cleanup process. This article identifies the similarities between the cleanup and natural resource damage assessment processes and provides guidance on when and how to integrate the two. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Rarely intense snowstorms occur on December 20-21,2008 and January 3,2010 respectively in Tianjin.These two weather processes were analyzed based on multiple data in order to understand the mechanism of this weather.The results indicate that two snowfall events are both backflow-type snowstorms despite synoptic patterns and major weather systems in each case are distinctly different.Main weather systems are the horizontal trough at the upper level,850 hPa shear and surface inverted trough(surface cyclone).Moreover,southwesterly airflow in 700 hPa provides moisture condition.Two processes are both accompanied by boundary layer easterly wind.The easterly wind not only transports some moisture,but also produces the surface convergence line with the warm and damp southerly wind,which could strengthen the lifting action and could generate lifting motion.Therefore,it is favorable to strengthen and maintain this weather process.Boundary layer easterly wind is playing a significant role in the initiation and development of snowstorm.


Introduction was made to the basic principle and classification of active power factor correction (APFC) technology and several kinds of main circuit topology structure were given. Analysis was made to two kinds of control methods of discontinue current mode (DCM) and continue current mode (CCM). The DCM adopted constant frequency and variable frequency etc control modes and the CCM used peak current control, average current control, hysteretic current control and the like. This paper generalized and analyzed the three-phase active power factor correction circuit and expected the developmental trend of future technology.


SUMMARY

The influence of light upon sporulation in Penicillium isariiforme was studied by determination of the action spectrum for this reaction. This action spectrum, with a single peak at 470–480 nm, differs strongly from action spectra obtained for other light-sensitive fungi. This may be caused by a different photoreceptor being present in this fungus or by a distortion by an unknown pigment.


The effect of alloying additions on the formation of a cube texture in Ni-8.9% V, Ni-12.2% Cr, Ni-13.6% Cr, Ni-5.9% Al, Ni-3.8% W, and Ni-1.8% Mn alloys was investigated. It is shown that a cube texture of primary recrystallization is formed in thin (120 μm) ribbons obtained by cold deformation to 98% of the alloys with subsequent recrystallization annealing at 900-1050°C for 1 h. Optimum parameters of the cube texture were found for the Ni-12.2% Cr alloy, where 98% cube texture {100} with a scatter of ±10° was found. Alloying nickel with W, Mn, V, Al, and Cr results in strengthening of the annealed ribbon (the elements are given in the order of decreasing of the degree of hardening). It is shown that the Ni-12.2% Cr and Ni-13.6% Cr alloys are antiferromagnetic. The Ni-8.9% V alloy is ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of -40 K.


Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by cancer patients and for many it is the most feared. A vast amount of time, money and effort has been expended on developing effective ways of managing cancer pain and as a result pain can be relieved in the vast majority of cancer patients using relatively simple measures. However, it has been estimated that adequate control of pain is achieved in only 50% of patients in Western societies and in only 10% of those living in developing countries (Hanks, 1995). A number of factors contribute to this undesirable situation including: poor clinical decision making on the part of health professionals; myths and misconceptions about pain and the use of opioids; patients' non-compliance with treatment and their reluctance to report pain; and problems within the healthcare system which include lack of opioid availability and breakdowns in the continuity of care. This article aims to explore the barriers to effective pain relief and identifies ways in which they...


An expansion device for a bulk material container comprises a frame, a plurality of hinged by to the frame, swing-out, and in a swung out position an inner space of the expansion device (11) limiting wall panels (12a-d), connecting plates (13) each on two of its edges on adjacent wall panels (12a-d) are articulated, first expansion elements (12a-d) which are hinged to an upper edge of the wall panels (12a-d) and applied between a to the wall panels (12a-d) and the wall panels (12a- d) elongating position are pivotally and flexible membrane elements (16) which are clamped in the wall panels (12a-d) elongating position between the first expansion elements (14a-d).


Magnesium diboride (MgB/sub 2/) pancake coils and solenoids have been constructed and tested. The magnets have been wound using the react and winding technique. The magnets have been tested in liquid helium bath up to the quench currency. In this paper the coils and their behavior is discussed.


Confluences are common components of all riverine systems, and are characterized by converging flow streamlines and mixing of separate flows, which can take some significant distance to be complete. Whilst turbulent diffusion and Taylor dispersion are expected to affect mixing in any open channel flow, the analysis of mixing at river confluences should also consider some peculiar processes, which could be divided between near-field processes and far-field processes. The former, which have been well studied, are those operating at the junction itself and lead to rapid mixing only if some form of asymmetry (geometry, discordance, momentum, density difference) between the tributaries exists. The latter are advective processes, such as secondary circulation, that can enhance mixing to degrees greater than those associated with turbulent diffusion or Taylor dispersion combined. These processes, which have received less attention, were investigated using a three-dimensional computation of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations combined with a Reynolds stress turbulence model for the confluence of the Kama river and Vishera rivers in the Russian Urals. To test the hypothesis that far-field mixing can be both enhanced and reduced by the type of secondary circulation that develops, numerical simulations on an idealized configuration (rectangular channel with no curvature) and on the real configuration with the natural planform and/or bathymetry were carried out to isolate the relative impacts of real planform and bathymetry on secondary circulation and mixing for different combinations of momentum/discharge ratio. Results show that if the rivers are represented as an idealized junction, the initial vortices that form due to channel-scale pressure gradients decline rapidly with distance downstream. Mixing is slow and incomplete at more than 10 multiples of channel width downstream from the junction corner. On the other side, if the real configuration is introduced, rates of mixing increase dramatically. This is related to both increase intensity of secondary circulation at the junction and the formation of a single channel-scale vortex downstream of the junction. The latter appears to be aided by curvature of the post-junction channel. This effect is strongest when the discharge of the tributary that has the same direction of curvature as the post junction channel is greatest. The study was performed under financial support of the Government of Perm Krai (grant C 26/788) and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 19-41-590013).


The Agricultural Act of 2014 (the 2014 Farm Bill; series of articles available here) continues a suite of renewable energy programs in Title IX. Known as the Energy Title, it is a relatively new addition to omnibus farm bill legislation, first appearing in the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 and expanded by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008. The roots of these programs, however, go at least as far back as the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, which directed the Secretary of Agriculture to conduct research and development on new scientific, chemical, and technical uses for agricultural commodities and byproducts.


The invention discloses a raw material formulation of a fine polished brick grinding head and a production process. The composition raw materials of the grinding head body comprise a sodium chloride aqueous solution, magnesium oxide particles, green micro-powder silicon carbide particles, alumina powder, phenolic resin powder, zinc stearate powder, and simethicone. The production process comprises the steps of: (1) adding sodium chloride into clear water, and stirring sufficiently to make the sodium chloride aqueous solution; (2) mixing the sodium chloride aqueous solution with the magnesium oxide particles, the green micro-powder silicon carbide particles, the alumina powder, the phenolic resin powder, the zinc stearate powder, and the simethicone together, and stirring sufficiently to make grinding head feed liquid which is mixed evenly; (3) mixing the sodium chloride aqueous solution with the magnesium oxide particles, and stirring sufficiently to make base feed liquid which is mixed evenly; and (4) pouring the grinding head feed liquid and the base feed liquid into a model box sequentially, curing for 5-7 hours and naturally cooling, beating lightly and taking out a finished grinding head product, and finishing the whole process. The formulation and the process in the invention have the advantages of saving the raw materials and being simple in process, the grinding head has better wear resistance, and product brightness is better.


Multi-antenna designs have been favorable to applications in the WLAN environment. These designs of the applications in wireless systems include antenna diversity [1-4] and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system [5-7]. Antenna diversity is well-known for the counter to effects of multi-path and can enhance the performance of wireless communications systems. For MIMO system, multiple transmit and receive antennas are used to increase data throughput without additional spectrum. MIMO system can also make use of multi-path propagation to improve signal quality and reliability. One of the most important tasks for multi-antenna designs is to achieve low mutual coupling (high isolation) and low correlation. This is not easy to accomplish when the two antennas are located in close proximity. Several researches have been conducted for the task, including cutting slits in the ground [1], arranging antenna shorted portions facing each other [2, 6], manipulating radiation polarization of two closelyspaced antennas [3, 4], and so on. Notice that most of these designs are based on the multiple antennas excited on the same ground plane. Little attention has been given to integrating individual, small antennas into one unity. In this paper we present a compact multi-antenna system that merges three individual antennas (each has its antenna feed port and signal ground) into one antenna unity. The three antennas consist of one slot antenna and two dipole antennas and are etched on the same layer of a dielectric substrate in a coplanar configuration. The two dipole antennas are symmetrically placed on the right and left sides of the slot antenna with any two of the three antennas parallel to each other. With this configuration, the antenna system is able to provide both pattern diversity and polarization diversity and at the same time, to attain highly isolated ports of the three antennas. A prototype of the design example targeted at the 5 GHz [5.2 GHz (5150-5350 MHz) and 5.8 GHz (5725-5825 MHz)] band operation is constructed, demonstrated, and tested. Detailed description of the proposed antenna system and design consideration thereof is given and elaborated in the article.


The Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium was established by the National Institutes of Health in 2015 to expand research beyond the detection and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) to the promotion and preservation of bladder health and prevention of LUTS in girls and women. While many multi‐disciplinary scientific networks focus on pelvic floor dysfunction and LUTS, the PLUS Consortium stands alone in its focus on prevention. This article describes the PLUS approach to developing a conceptual framework to guide the Consortium's initial prevention research agenda.


Kumashiro (2001)argues that the "posts" perspectives—poststructuralism, postmodernism, and postcolonialism—are useful in furthering an anti-oppressive education in the core disciplines. This response elucidates some of the shortcomings of Kumashiro's article, namely its misinterpretation of notions of oppression, rationality, and the individual within a "posts" perspective. A Foucauldian lens is employed to provide an alternative means by which to further a more constructive and less constrictive classroom environment. Specifically, this article suggests that a "posts" classroom must work under the construct of a "weak overcoming" that focuses on the structure of schooling and the organization of classroom practice.


A method for the detection of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE's) of Vicia faba chromosomes in fluorescent plus Giemsa technique has been developed employinng enzymatic maceration and successive丑ame-drying for chromosome spread- 1ng after incorporation of BrdUrd without FdUrd· The minimum concentr?tion of BrdUrd to detect SCE's in the present method was 1.0"g/ml. The mean SCE fre- quency per cell varied from 10.1 to ll.6 after two cell cycle cultivations in water containing BrdUrd concentration ranging from 1.0 "g/ml to 30.OFLg/ml and over 30.0 "g/ml the frequency shoved the extream increasing. Spontaneous SCE's after two ce11 cycle incorporation of BrdUrd were presumed to ·be about 10-12 e‡changes per


In the late 19th century,Chinese youths began to awake in their political consciousness,which was reflected in Written Statement to Li Hong-zhong by Sun Yat-sen in 1894 and Kang You-wei's "Letter to Emperor"in 1895.This way of awakening is traditional,but with capitalist color.One of the reasons for their failure is that they didn't see the main social contradictions clearly.Its contemporary revelation includes adhering to developing with times in social management,eradicating social contradictions,attaching importance to the education and political belief and so on.