Objectives Current evidence regarding the successof drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) for de novo coronary artery disease is insufficient for formulating formal recommendations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of DEBs by performing a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Methods We searched MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for RCTs comparing DEBs with stents for de novo coronary artery disease by intention-to-treat analysis. The primary angiographic endpoint was in-segment diameter stenosis, compared by measuring weighted mean difference (WMD). The primary clinical endpoint was incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during a 1-year follow-up, compared by measuring pooled risk ratio (RR). The applicability of DEBs for different coronary de novo lesion subsets was further assessed by performing a subgroup analysis. Results 9 RCTs wereultimately included. The trend favoured improved outcomes for DEB plus bare metal stent (BMS) versus BMS alone (in-segment diameter stenosis: WMD, -5.33% [95% confidence interval (CI): -10.32% to -0.34%]; MACEs: RR, 0.69 [95%CI: 0.44 to1.07]), but DEB with/without BMS was associated with worse outcomes compared with drug-eluting stent alone (in-segment diameter stenosis: WMD, 8.78% [95%CI:2.20% to 15.36%]; MACEs: RR, 1.53 [95%CI: 1.16 to 2.00]). Subgroup analysis showed that DEBs offer no advantage on simple coronary lesions, but seem to be non-inferior to DES intreating complex lesions, such as small coronary artery lesions or bifurcation lesions, on clinical findings. Conclusions Current data do not support the useof DEBs for de novo coronary lesions,especially for simple coronary lesions.


Learning Disability held in 1994. The thrust of the book is that oral, documentary and photographic resources are complementary strands in the history of learning disability. The period covered is mainly the twentieth century. Included is the autobiography of Mabel Cooper, produced with the help of Dorothy Atkinson. Although this is a very interesting human story, it would have been enhanced by a correlation with the histories of the institutions concerned. Mabel Cooper's contribution is analogous to a soldier's account of the horrors of trench warfare, but, like a soldier's description of the Battle of the Somme, it adds very little to the understanding of the overall strategy. Rebecca Fido and Maggie Potts give an account of the harshness of conditions in some institutions. By contrast, Andrew Stevens describes how nurses in Colchester were ostracized by their colleagues whenever they broke the no-punishment code. Differing behaviours are described. Drawing on the records of Sandlebridge (Cheshire), Mark Jackson demonstrates the value of photographs in the study of the development and maintenance of an institution, illustrating attitudes to the disabled and, at the same time, providing material for use in medical text books. The Sandlebridge photographs were taken in 1909 and 1911, and Jackson is rightly concerned to ensure that the right to confidentiality is preserved, while pointing out there are adequate conventions protecting anonymity. We are unlikely ever again to see such a spectacular breach of the codes as Sano's 1918 paper in the Journal of Mental Science in which he discussed William Pullen by name and gave full details of his autopsy. Two chapters by Jan Walmsley, one on the history of learning disability in Bedfordshire and the other on the history of community care, are based on the records of Bedford Mental Deficiency Committee 1915-1946. They emphasize the value of local studies and indicate what can and cannot be gleaned from local records, listing Northamptonshire, Cheshire, Greater London, and Norfolk as holding substantial archives. Dorothy Atkinson similarly describes material in Somerset County Records Office, in particular after 1913, when the county's "range of institutions and systems ... put it high on the Board of Control's 'league table' of local authorities". The authors might also have mentioned Surrey County Records Office, which holds a substantial volume of material on the Royal Earlswood Asylum for Idiots, already used extensively by Lilian Zihni and David Wright for their unpublished PhD theses. The final contribution by Julia Sheppard lists the relevant resources available in the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. Overall the book contains very useful information, and it should stimulate further study of the history of learning disability.


Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor in nasopharynx tissues and lacks effective treatment strategies. Dysregulation of distal‐less homeobox 4 (DLX4) participates in the development of tumors. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of DLX4 in NPC progression may address this issue. Here, we first identified an up‐regulation of DLX4 in NPC cell lines compared to normal epithelial cells. Data from colony formation and transwell assays showed that knockdown of DLX4 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of NPC, respectively. Moreover, DLX4 knockdown blocked the cell cycle of NPC at G1 phase, suggesting the antitumor effect of DLX4 knockdown on NPC. The downstream target of DLX4 was identified as Y‐box binding protein 1 (YB‐1), whose expression was increased by over‐expression of DLX4, while decreased by knockdown of DLX4. The binding capacity between DLX4 and YB‐1 was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and the result showed that DLX4 could not directly bind to the promoter of YB‐1. Mechanically, YB‐1 over‐expression reversed the effects of DLX4 knockdown on cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and cell invasion of NPC. In conclusion, our findings indicated that DLX4 promoted NPC progression via up‐regulation of YB‐1, which would shed light on therapeutic schedule in NPC.


The utility model discloses a compressed gas foam and water mist monitor, pertaining to the field of fire fighting, which effectively avoids low utilization ratio of medium for fire extinguishing by current monitor, generation of hazards during fire extinguishing, and failure of jetting of foam or spray in large flow and far distance under low pressure. The monitor comprises a base, a horizontally gyrating unit, a horizontally gyrating gun-barrel, an elevating gyrating unit, an elevating gyrating gun-barrel, an ejector, an exposure transmission pipe for gas at the mouth of the cannon, a transmission pipe unit for gas inside the cannon, and a gatherer for foam fluid. The vertical base is movably matched with the horizontally gyrating gun-barrel through the horizontally gyrating unit. The horizontally gyrating gun-barrel is movably connected with the elevating gyrating gun-barrel through the elevating gyrating unit. The elevating gyrating gun-barrel is fixedly connected to the ejector at the mouth of the cannon. Two ends of the exposure transmission pipe for gas at the mouth of the cannon are respectively connected with the ejector and the transmission pipe unit for gas inside the cannon. The transmission pipe unit for gas inside the cannon is arranged on the base on its bottom. The monitor is applicable to fire hazards happened in vast space, tank storage areas and tunnels.


After analyzing the course of forming 'garbage blocks',we proposed an alternative for preparing the pseudo-pure states. It can be used to reduce or even to remove the 'garbage blocks'.


This paper reports on the analysis of perforated marine shells of H. sanguineum and their geographical and archaeological context on Palaeolithic Sites in Europe, as well as on an interpretation of long-distance exchange in this territory during this period.


In this paper we compare measurements of photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination characteristics among plants from three mature boreal forest types (Black spruce, Jack pine, and aspen) in order to help explain variation in ecosystem-level gas exchange processes. Measurements were made at the southern study area (SSA) and northern study area (NSA) of the boreal forest in central Canada as part of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). In both the NSA and the SSA there were significant differences in photosynthesis among the major tree species, with aspen having the highest CO2 assimilation rates and spruce the lowest. Within a species, photosynthetic rates in the SSA were approximately twice those measured in the NSA, and this was correlated with similar variations in stomatal conductance. Calculations of the ratio of leaf intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (ci/ca) from leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) values indicated a relatively low degree of stomatal limitation of photosynthesis, despite the low absolute values of stomatal conductance in these boreal tree species. Within each ecosystem, leaf Δ values were strongly correlated with life-form groups (trees, shrubs, forbs, and mosses), and these differences are maintained between years. Although we observed significant variation in the 13C content of tree rings at the old Jack pine site in the NSA during the past decade (indicating interannual variation in the degree of stomatal limitation), changes in summer precipitation and temperature accounted for only 44% of the isotopic variance. We scaled leaf-level processes to the ecosystem level through analyses of well-mixed canopy air. On average, all three forest types had similar ecosystem-level Δ values (average value ± standard deviation, 19.1‰±0.5‰), calculated from measurements of change in the concentration and carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 during a diurnal cycle within a forest canopy. However, there were seasonal changes in ecosystem discrimination for aspen forests, while the evergreen conifer forests exhibited relatively constant discrimination values throughout the active growing season.


Prebiotic formation of triazines from urea was studied using density functional theory methods with the aim of understanding some of the neutral precursors that can lead to a mixture of triazines. The proposed mechanisms are based on free radical routes without solvent requirements that are appropriate for prebiotic scenarios occurring under highly non-equilibrium conditions. These include spark discharge or ultraviolet driven reactions taking place on or within low temperature ice or reactions simulated by meteoritic impact on organic surfaces on Titan and possibly early Earth. The ice increases radical lifetimes while the impact events produce sufficient heat to generate useful free radical densities in the impact zones. The mechanisms proceed through relatively low energy barriers. The pathways predict that biuret is a precursor for cyanuric acid, and guanylurea is a precursor for both melamine and ammeline. Based on the predicted precursors of the triazines, the established mechanisms provide theoretical support for previous thermal synthesis of the triazines from urea and biuret.


Objective To explore the effects of belly dance fitness exercises on weight loss among obese female college students,which might provide a scientific basis for weight control in obese individuals. Methods Eighty-eight obese female college students( BMI≥28 kg/m2) were recruited voluntarily and were randomly divided into belly dancing group and control group. Indices of anthropometry,physical fitness and biochemical test were compared between the two groups. Results After the belly dance prescriptions,there were significant differences in anthropometry,physical fitness and biochemical indices between the two groups( except height). About 40.9% of experimental group were back to the normal weight,while 59.1% turned into overweight status after belly dancing exercises. Conclusion Belly dancing can provide fitness and weight-loss benefits,especially among obese population.


A reduction in ruminant animal methane emission is of interest in terms of greenhouse gas production as well as for increase in the efficiency of dietary energy.


Origins and context  The concept of 'the social accountability of medical schools' is moving from the peripheral preoccupation of a few to a more central concern of medical schools themselves. Born of concerns about the professionalism and relevance of both the institutions and their graduates, it is seen increasingly as an urgent call to focus the considerable social resources vested in academic health science institutions on addressing the priority health concerns of the societies they serve. For a profession embedded in an ethos of service, this would seem an obvious transition. However, as with any movement towards transformative change, it runs the risk of being more mantra and rhetoric than mandate and responsibility.


ABSTRACT The chemical characteristics of sulfation factor (PSF) and thymidine factor (PTF) have been studied in whole acromegalic plasma and in acid ethanol (AE) extracts of plasma. In whole plasma PSF and PTF are excluded by the XM-100 ultrafiltration membrane and behave as large proteins. After extraction with acid ethanol the mol wt appeared to be >3900≦12,400, suggesting that in native plasma PSF and PTF are either aggregated or bound to a larger carrier protein. Two species of peptides with PSF and PTF activity were found. Chromatography of whole plasma on DEAE-cellulose revealed a major peak of biologic activity which was not adsorbed at pH 8.5 and a smaller component which was adsorbed at pH 8.5 but eluted at pH 5.5. Electrofocusing of AE extracts revealed a sharp minor peak at pH 5.2 and a broader major peak at pH 6.6–6.7. The possibility that the more acidic component may be due to insulin cannot be excluded. HV electrophoresis of a purified AE extract revealed activity only in the neutral zone. ...


This article reads with Michi Saagiig Nishnaabe writer and independent scholar Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, and Nêhiyaw legal scholar and novelist Tracey Lindberg. The practice of reading with involves heeding textual instructions and prioritising narrative terms of engagement. Indigenous bodies layered with resurgent potential in Lindberg's and Simpson's fictions refuse to re-centre the legacy of white settler coloniality. Attending to the process of reading with, as a relational undertaking, involves re-apprising cross-generational legacies and re-membering collective responsibilities.


South Africa's prestigious Wool Week, which was held in Port Elizabeth from 30 March to 2 April, featured sheep shearing demonstrations and sheep dog shows at DF Malherbe High School, as well as exhibitions and displays of a variety of wool fashion designs at the Walmer Shopping Centre. The international campaign for wool presented beautiful textile and clothing designs and, as expected, had prime Merino breeds on show.


AbstractIn the Disciplina Clericalis of Petrus Alphonsus there is one of the richest, and shortest, of medieval short stories. It is called De Maimundo Servo. On his way back from market, happy at the money he has made, the master meets Maimundus, his lazy and gloomy servant. 'Don't tell me any nasty rumours', he says. 'I won't tell you any nasty rumours, but our little dog is dead.' 'How did it die?' Six questions, six answers, all in single or half lines, and everything the master had come back to is gone: the dog, the mule, the maid, his mother, dead; the house burnt to a cinder. It is, I suppose, no laughing matter, but I find it one of the funniest stories that I know.


Based on the classical multi-stage stage more moral risk model,and combined with practice that business personnel of guarantee enterprise operate guarantee business,this paper builds two stage moral risk model in accordance with the actual conditions of guarantee enterprise by introduced moral sensitivity factor(Stevens Thevaranjan,2010) properly,and it also reveals the mechanism of relevant factors' influence on the incentive intension of guarantee business manager from the point of mathematical analysis.Based on this,this paper puts forward the theoretical assumptions and make empirical analysis according to the above mathematical model,and finally inspects its robustness of regression model.Research shows that,for moral sensitive factors,during two stages,moral sensitivity will be in a certain value range,with the increase of moral sensitivity,the incentive strength to business manager should be reduced;And when outside of this range,the excitation intensity change to business manager is uncertain.In addition to this,with the security audit rate and outside effect increasing,the incentive intensity of two phases increases or decreases as significantly positive U shape.For risk aversion and guarantee risk,at the due diligence stage,with the risk degree and guarantee risk increasing,the change of the incentive intensity is uncertain,but the incentive intensity descends with its increasing at the removing guarantee stage.


Significance: A strain-induced carbon–carbon bond activation reaction on [5]CPP and [6]CPP by a platinum(0) complex was reported by Kayahara, Yamago and co-workers. The platinum(0) complex, Pt(PPh3)4, effectively and regioselectively cleaves the cycloparaphenylenes to form cyclic dinuclear complexes. This scaffold was further utilized in the subsequent CO insertion reaction to enable the synthesis of cyclic diketones. This result opens new avenues for the functionalization and modulation of this class of highly strained structures. Comment: The mechanism of the formation of the dinuclear platinum(0) complexes 1a and 1b were elucidated with DFT calculations, which suggest a stepwise pathway. Both steps of forming 4a and 1a were found to be highly exothermic and have low activation energies. The regioselectivity of the reaction was also explained by the DFT studies. Moreover, the activation of the less strained [6]CPP was significantly slower compared with that of [5]CPP. Larger CPPs, such as [7]CPP and [8]CPP, did not show reactivity, consistent with the proposed strain-induced process. Pt(PPh3)4 (2.2 equiv)


Any analysis to be performed regarding disabilities requires a philosophical, sociological and regulatory framework. This paper takes as a starting point a philosophical framework which arises from those values and principles on which human rights are grounded. The sociological framework is built through the social model of disability, and the regulatory framework is provided by the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.


Thrombolytictherapy for stroke signals a breakthrough, through clots and nihilistic attitudes. Although a systematic approach to stroke care as exemplified by stroke units has been shown to improve outcomes, 1 recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the first drug to make a demonstrable difference to stroke. Brott provides the facts, and Riggs offers the context. Under the strict conditions of the National Institutes of Health Study, little doubt exists that rt-PA therapy offers a benefit, but at the risk of death from rt-PA in a ratio of 4:1. This choice should be offered to as many patients as possible, provided the following are available: • Medical expertise in the diagnosis and management of acute stroke. • High-quality imaging and interpretation. • Facilities and expertise to monitor blood pressure, diagnose intracranial hemorrhage, and manage the consequences. A center that fulfills these criteria would also be able to participate in clinical


Single-factor acute toxicity test was used and the oxygen consumption rate and suffocation point were measured to study the effect of the different potassium concentrations on survival and respiration of juvenile F.chinensis in seawater at salinity 6.The results indicated that juvenile F.chinensis could survive in seawater with K+ concentrations from 16.00 mg/L to 165.80 mg/L.When K+ concentration is below 16.00 mg/L,survival rate of F.chinensis increased with the increase of K+ concentration.When K+ concentration is over 165.80 mg/L,increase of K+ concentration could reduce the survival rate of juvenile F.chinensis.So K+ concentration of water is one of the limiting factors on survival of juvenile F.chinensis,and also affects their respiration.Compared with K+ concentration of normal seawater,the oxygen consumption rate and suffocation point of juvenile F.chinensis increased in both higher and lower K+ concentrations.When K+ concentrations were 20 mg/L,60 mg/L and 120 mg/L,and temperature maintained at(18.5±0.5)?℃,the average oxygen consumption rate of juvenile F.chinensis were(0.801±0.059)mg/(g·h),(0.719±0.057)mg/(g·h) and(0.828±0.047)mg/(g·h) during the 5 h post exposure.When K+ concentrations were 20 mg/L,60 mg/L and 120 mg/L,and water temperature maintained at(19.4±0.1)℃,the suffocation point of juvenile F.chinensis were(1.469±0.006)mg(O2)/g,(1.350±0.005)mg(O2)/g and(1.496±0.006)mg(O2)/g.


The nursing a learned profession, working together with ali health team members for the person, having his/her own duties in the team, reguired a special training, grounded on philosophy,theory, implementation and research. The nursing is a health discipline serving in every environment o f the people by its increasing and changing role and responsibiuties. The main purpose o f a Professional discipline is to present the scientific Information content to be used for the profession's implementations. Forming the Information basis to be transmitted into the implementation is the principle rule for each Professional. The most important reason of developing the nursing theories is to define the nursing as a learned profession within its own corrects.Theory in nursing is required for control, estimation and explanation purposes in the manner of reaching the desired condusion in the care. It is required to be proven the theories aimed to deveiop the implementation by the epitomes for the clinic nurses. Accordingly, it is aimed to be planned and implemented the nursing care of a female patient staying in the medical oncology service of a training hospital with the diagnostic of terminal period pharynx cancer according to the Adaptation Model o f Roy.The nurse should identify the health status of the individual, determine the coping mechanisms and implement the required nursing attempts in order to make easier the harmonization of the patient vvithin the scope of the Adaptation Moda o f Roy


Objective To research the influences of gambogic acid on rats'cytochrome P450 isoforms by using the Cocktail probe drugs. Methods Rats were randomly divided into several groups. One group of rats received gambogic acid solution containing 0.5 %CMC-Na (2 mg·mL-1,once per day) orally for six days. At the same time,the rats in the other group received 0.5 %CMC-Na solution serving as blank control group. Blood samples were collect at different time point,and the plasma concentration of cocktail probe drugs was determined by HPLC. Results There was insignificant difference of caffeine and dapsone metabolism between the gambogic acid group and the blank group,but the chlorzoxazone was eliminated faster in the gambogic acid group,and the half life of chlozoxazone was shorter. Conclusion Gambogic acid has no significant influence on the cytochrome P450 isoforms of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4,but has an induction on the CYP2E1.


THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PILOT TRAINING COURSE IN PASTORAL DIAGNOSIS FOR SIX PASTORS IN THE LAKE REGION CONFERENCE


SUMMARY: Milk, before and after commercial sterilization, supplied by ten different sterilizing depots, was examined over a period of 18 months to determine the aerobic mesophilic spore content. The numbers present in raw bulk tanker milk exhibited a seasonal variation, the counts being higher in winter than in summer. This was not found in sterilized milk. Spore counts in raw milk ranged from 0—700/100 ml and in sterilized milk, with one exception, from 0—1·1/100 ml.

During the last 12 months of the experiment the types of aerobic mesophilic spore forming organisms causing spoilage were isolated and identified, using a simplified method of identification. Eight different species were isolated from raw milk and seven from sterilized milk. The incidence of the different types in raw milk was: B. licheniformis, 62%; B. brevis, 15%; B. subtilis, 7%; others 9% and unidentified, 7%. In sterilized milk this was: B. subtilis, 44%; B. licheniformis, 26%; others, 17% and unidentified, 13%. There was no apparent seasonal variation in types.


already present. Antibiotics should be given routinely to those with poor chest movements or poor lung function at the onset of a chest infection. Oxygen or air given by a positivepressure respirator, such as the Bird Mark VII Respirator, may improve older patients in whom carbon dioxide retention is present. But perhaps as important is the general supportive care and moral support which some patients need. Many of them are severely handicapped. Most of those who are severely affected seem glad to remain under the supervision of a clinic. They are most co-operative patients and deserve our aid. PHILLIP ZORAB REFERENCES I . Bergovsky, E. H., Turino, G. M., Fisherman, A. P. (1959) 'Cardiorespiratory failure in kyphoscoliosis.'


This telehealth project was positive overall. It was an agency goal to utilize telehealth to augment, not replace, SN visits while improving quality outcomes for the patient. The findings of this project supported that goal.


METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE ABILITY TO BUILD-UP OF A CATALYST WITH HELP OF SIGNALS LA_V AND LA_H OF EACH CASE A PROBE INDICATION OF OXYGEN, front and back RESPECTIVELY THE CATALYST, INDICATING THE CHANGE OF MIX RICA TO LEAN AND VICE VERSA, It characterized in that YOU SUM OF SECURITIES dISCRETE MAGNITUDE K3.A LA_V (T) .LM (T) being formed THESE VALUES TO THE DISTANCE OF A TIME iNTERVAL EXPLORATION FIXED T_AT and determining the number n of the addends AS WHOLE NUMBER fRACTION T_S / T_AT.


Alana Robinson and Thomas L. Davis show how results of seismic monitoring of an EOR project can be applied to seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration projects to ensure efficient CO2 distribution within the reservoir.


The inelastic buckling behaviour of continuously restrained two and three-span continuous beams subjected to concentrated loads and uniformly distributed loads are studied in this paper. The restraint type considered in this paper is fully restrained against translation and elastic twist applied at the top flange. These types of restraints are most likely experienced in industrial structures, for example steel-concrete composite beams and half through girders. The buckling analysis of continuous beam consists of two parts, firstly the moment and shear distribution along the member are determined by employing force method and the information is then used for an out-of-plane buckling analysis. The finite element method is incorporated with so-called simplified and the polynomial pattern of residual stress. Owing to the inelastic response of the steel, both the in-plane and out-of-plane analysis, which is treated as being uncoupled, extend into the nonlinear range. This paper presents the results of inelastic lateral-torsional and lateral-distortional buckling load and finally conclusions are drawn regarding the web distortion.


The new institutional framework put on the agenda a review of established models and introducing new perspectives in economics. The role of banking groups for economic growth and competitiveness place corporate governance practices of critical analysis. The development of banking in the twentieth century brought to the fore the advantages of conducting activities cross-border. The global economic recession determines the corporate governance of international banking groups as a source of the financial crisis and as a means of reducing its effects. The present stage of development of society is characterized by actions to improve practices in corporate governance at the international, regional and national level. The monograph examines the dynamics of the corporate governance of international banking groups. The analysis of changes in corporate governance encompasses recommendations of international organizations, policies in the EU and practices in Bulgaria. The beginning of conglomerisation in the second half of the twentieth century it was laid by national policies on competitiveness. The deregulation and the related movement of capital identified cross-border activities of banks as a driving force for economic growth. The differences in the laws of individual countries led to organizational units, which began to offer financial services with increased risk. Owing to the new services, the competent authorities have taken several measures to address the transfer of risk across national borders. The international activities of banking groups highlighted the need for international recommendations for coordination of actions at the regional level to improve practices in corporate governance. Banking groups play a key role for development and function of the economy. Their practices of corporate governance have an effect on rest players in market economy. National legislations in some countries have allowed the creation of complex banking structures and financial services that lead to emergent and distribution of financial crisis. To decrease the negative effects by crisis, international organizations initiate a series of measures for improvement of corporate governance practices and prevention of future crises. The changes in corporate governance of transnational banking groups are in following order: recommendation by international organizations -> policies of parent banks in European Union -> practices in subsidiary banks in Eastern Europe. The dynamics of good practices in corporate governance is depended on the role of players. Shareholders have interest to increase their wealth by company deals. Parallel with property rights, shareholders have non-property rights that must exercise advisable. Strict attendances and exercise rights at general meeting of shareholders will contribute to control over managers. Main contribution for bank stability plays the institutional investors which role was decreased because of missing information for their voting policy. Managers have financial incentives to increase shareholders' wealth by risk undertaking. The board must reconsider the remuneration policy for managers. This recommendation will bring to control over the risk management. Auditors have a double status – to decrease information asymmetry between principal and agent, and to confirm to stakeholders, incl. regulators, for correct preparation of reports. The changes regard audit as a part of regulation policy at national and international levels. Auditors are in charge of assessment of remuneration policy which target is decrease of practices for taking of excessive risk. Regulators of some countries allow the creation of complex organization structures and financial services that are difficult for control and assessment. Decisive factor for stability of economy is concluding and keeping of memorandums among national regulators. The institutional framework has not a target to create a memorandums by "one-size-fits-all" approach. The modern regulation of banking groups is based on "comply-or-explain" approach. Tools in corporate governance of banking groups include traditional and non-traditional techniques. Using of rating agencies by institutional investors is put on control by national regulators. The requirement for information disclosure is realize at quality new stage: the information user pays for preparation of an investment plan. A part of attempts for convergence of policies in corporate governance is separation of risk businesses in particular entities and decrease of complexity for corporate structures. The consequences for corporate governance of banking groups in Bulgaria are indirect. The presence of subsidiaries from EU banking groups and their big market share define the subordination of corporate governance practices. The process of cash privatization and sale of profit banks define the majority and privately-owned ownership of Bulgarian banks therefore their practices are not covered by the new EU policies for corporate governance. In contrast to public status of parent banks in Western Europe, most of Bulgarian subsidiaries have not obligations to comply international principles for corporate governance.


A factorial experiment with 1440 day-old Hubbard chicks was conducted to assess the interacting effects of dietary Na, K, Cl and Ca on general performance and incidence of leg abnormalities, especially tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). For Ca at 0.95%, all combinations of Na (0.17, 0.30), K (0.80, 1.10, 1.40), Cl (0.22, 0.44) were present; for Ca at 1.38% the combinations were the same except for K (0.80, 1.40). The various cation combinations produced 12 and 8 different meq kg−1 of (Na + K − Cl) for Ca at 0.95 and 1.38%, respectively. Body weight gain and feed conversion were affected by the main effects K, Ca and Na and also by their interaction. Both weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization were influenced by cation-anion balance as shown by significant Ca × K, Na × K, Ca × Na (feed conversion only) and K × Cl interactions. Increasing dietary K or Na increased litter moisture, whereas Cl moderated the effect of Ca. The incidence of TD was reduced by increasing dietary Ca, Na or K but their effects ar...


The revival of Jewish traditional music in Krakow, performed mostly by non-Jews, provokes the question about the relation of ethnic identity and ethnic music. How do Polish klezmer musicians and cultural organizers identify themselves with the Jewish culture that they cultivate? The interviews with the members of the klezmer milieu in Krakow indicate that the revival provokes them to undergo a complex process of negotiating their Polish identity in confrontation with Jewishness and the Jewish outlook on Polish history. The experience with the music of the "others" inspires them to revise their national myths and stereotypes. While doing that they adopt various techniques that help them achieve a positive identification with their ingroup.


Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women in Western countries including Sweden. It has been hypothesized that ovarian hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone may, at least partly, play an important role in the etiology of breast cancer. Several nutritional related factors alcohol, body weight, dietary fiber, and dietary lignans are postulated to affect levels of estrogen, progesterone and/or insulin and to be associated with the development/prevention of breast cancer through hormonal modulation. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo and from observational studies suggested an association between these dietary factors and the risk of breast cancer. However, it is not fully defined whether the major underlying mechanisms of the association between these factors and breast cancer are hormone-dependent or not. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relation between these hormone-related nutritional factors, such as alcohol, body weight, dietary fiber, and dietary lignans, and invasive breast cancer incidence with estrogenprogesteronereceptor (ER/PR) status in the population-based prospective Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC). The SMC includes women born between 1914 and 1948 and living in Uppsala and Vastmanland Counties who received a mailed questionnaire (1987 90) and a follow-up questionnaire (1997). Our analyses include 51 823 postmenopausal women in the SMC who were cancer free and completed the questionnaire at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment for potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. From March 1987 through June 2004, 1,188 invasive breast cancer patients with known ER/PR status were identified. Among them, 716 were ER+PR+, 279 were ER+PR , 50 were ER PR+, and 143 were ER PR . Alcohol intake was positively associated with the risk of breast cancer, especially with ER+ tumors and the observed associations were more pronounced among PMH users. Body weight was positively associated with the development of ER+PR+ tumors, but not with other tumors subtypes. This positive association was confined to PMH neverusers. We observed non-significant inverse association of total dietary fiber with all types of tumors. However, we observed statistically significant inverse associations confined to women without family history of breast cancer, to PMH ever-users, and to those with high alcohol consumption. Fruit fiber intake was inversely associated with the risk of all breast cancer, especially among PMH never-users. In contrast, among PMH everusers, cereal fiber intake was inversely associated with the risk of ER+PR+ tumors. We observed non-significant inverse association of dietary lignans with all breast cancer risk. In a similar manner as cereal fiber intake, dietary lignans were inversely associated with the risk of ER+PR+ tumors among PMH ever-users. In conclusion, our findings from this large prospective cohort suggest that alcohol, body weight, dietary fiber and lignans intake could partly affect the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer through hormone dependent mechanisms. Our results indicate that the choice of diet rich in dietary fiber and low alcohol consumption and body weight control are important factors for the prevention of postmenopausal breast cancer, especially among PMH ever-users. In evaluating the association between hormone-related nutritional factors and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, the tumors' ER/PR status should be considered. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Reiko Suzuki, Weimin Ye, Tove Rylander-Rudqvist, Shigehira Saji, Graham A Colditz, Alicja Wolk. Alcohol and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Defined by Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status: A Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2005; 97:1601 1608. II. Reiko Suzuki, Tove Rylander-Rudqvist, Weimin Ye, Shigehira Saji, Alicja Wolk. Body weight and postmenopausal breast cancer risk defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status among Swedish women: A prospective cohort study International Journal of Cancer 2006;119:1683 1689. III. Reiko Suzuki, Tove Rylander-Rudqvist, Weimin Ye, Shigehira Saji, Herman Adlercreutz, Alicja Wolk. Dietary Fiber Intake and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Defined by Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status A Prospective Cohort Study among Swedish Women (Submitted 2006) IV. Reiko Suzuki, Tove Rylander-Rudqvist, Shigehira Saji, Leif Bergkvist, Herman Adlercreutz, Alicja Wolk. Dietary lignans and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Defined by Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status A Prospective Cohort Study of Swedish Women (Manuscript 2006) CONTENTS


Optical frequency combs can be used to measure light frequencies and time intervals more easily and precisely than ever before, opening a large avenue for applications. Traditional frequency combs are usually associated with trains of evenly spaced, very short pulses. More recently, a new generation of comb sources has been demonstrated in compact high-Q optical microresonators with a Kerr nonlinearity pumped by continuous-wave laser light. These combs are now referred to as Kerr frequency combs and have attracted a lot of interest in the last few years. Kerr frequency combs can be modeled in a way that is strongly reminiscent of temporal cavity solitons (CSs) in nonlinear cavities. Temporal CSs have been experimentally studied in fiber resonators and their description is based on a now classical equation, the Lugiato-Lefever equation, that describes pattern formation in optical systems. In this work, we first perform a theoretical study of the correspondence between the CSs and patterns with frequency combs. It is known that the CSs appear in reversible systems that present bistability between a pattern and a homogeneous steady state through what it is called a homoclinic snaking structure. In this snaking region, single and multi-peak CSs coexist with patterns and homogeneous solutions, creating a largely multistable landscape. We study the changes of the homoclinic snaking for different parameter regimes in the Lugiato-Lefever equation and determine the stability and shape of the frequency combs through comparison with the underlying CSs and patterns. Secondly, we include third order dispersion in the system and study its effect on the multistable snaking structure. For high dispersion strengths the CS structures and the corresponding Kerr frequency combs disappear.


Nitrous acid, in perchloric acid, dramatically increases the rate of aquation of Cr(H2O)5X2+(X = Cl or Br), cis- and trans-Cr(H2O)4Cl2+, and cis-Cr(NH3)4(OH2)Cl2+, but has little effect upon the rate of hydrolysis of Cr(NH3)5Br2+ and trans-Cr(NH3)4(OH2)Cl2+. The mechanism is believed to involve the formation of traces of nitrito-intermediates by O-nitrosation, with H2NO2+ or NO+ as the nitrosating agent. These preliminary results indicate that the catalysis may be stereospecifically restricted to complexes containing an aquo-ligand in a cis-position relative to the leaving group. Some new nitrito-chromium(III) compounds are reported.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the genetic etiology of a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII).

METHODS
The IDS gene of the proband and his mother was detected by Sanger sequencing, agarose gel electrophoresis, real-time PCR and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Prenatal diagnosis was performed on amniotic fluid sample.

RESULTS
Agarose gel electrophoresis, real-time PCR, and MLPA all showed that exon 2 of IDS gene of the proband was deleted, for which his mother was normal. Prenatal diagnosis showed that the fetus was a normal male.

CONCLUSION
The de novo deletion of exon 2 of the IDS gene probably underlay the MPSII in this patient. Above finding has broadened the mutation spectrum of the IDS gene. The combined methods for the detection of IDS gene mutations could make accurate prenatal diagnosis for MPSII.


This article proposes a method for examining how disciplinary differences in knowledge making are created or reflected at the sentence level. The method focuses on the grammatical subjects of sentences as key indicators of disciplinary knowledge making. Grammatical subjects of all sentences in sample academic journal articles were classified by a system identifying (a) the kind of abstraction or particularism involved and (b) the ways in which the researcher may or may not have foregrounded research methods and warrants. Findings from the sample articles in subfields of psychology, history, and literature indicated that psychology articles were more likely to foreground research methods and warrants and least likely to be particularistic. History articles tended to be intermediate. Literature articles were most likely to be particularistic and least likely to focus on research methods and warrants.


Kinetic and product studies of the rearrangements in aqueous sulphuric acid of selected cyclohexa-2,5-dienones are used to measure the migratory aptitudes in this carbonium-ion rearrangement of the methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl groups. The rearrangement of 4a-ethyl-5.6,7.8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2(4aH)-one in aqueous sulphuric acid has been reinvestigated. It is demonstrated that the lanthanide shifts brought about by Eu(fod)3 on the n.m.r. spectra of isomeric alkylphenols have great value in structure determination.


This article examines the horticultural lexicon used by Shakespeare to describe adoptive familial bonds. As an example of the ways in which early modern gardeners manipulated the natural world, the practice of grafting collapses any rigid distinction perceived to exist between nature and culture. It serves in All's Well That Ends Well as a metaphor for the combination of families, in which a child belonging genetically to one family is adopted by another. Shakespeare's use of the grafting metaphor suggests, within the context of the play, that legitimate families might be synthetically produced, or based on nonbiological ties.


Augmented reality is a powerful user interface technology that augments the user's environment with computer generated entities In this venture we investigate building indoor location based applications for a mobile augmented reality system. Augmented reality is a natural interface to visualize special information such as position or direction of locations and objects for location based applications that process and present information based on the user's position in the real world. To enable such applications we construct an indoor tracking system that covers a substantial part of a building. It is based on visual tracking of fiducial markers enhanced with an inertial sensor for fast rotational updates This is especially problematic for mobile augmented reality systems, which ideally require extremely precise position tracking for the user's head, but which may not always be able to achieve the necessary level of accuracy. While it is possible to ignore variable positional accuracy in an augmented reality user interface, this can make for a confusing system; for example, when accuracy is low, virtual objects that are nominally registered with real ones may be too far off to be of use. Our system uses inferencing and path planning to guide users toward targets that they choose.


This paper presents the design and analysis of a track-following controller using a mixed-objective optimization technique for dual-stage servo systems in hard disk drives (HDD). The objective of minimizing tracking error in the presence of plant uncertainties and operational variations is formulated into a framework of multi-objective minimization. The tracking error minimization is reasonably formulated as an H/sub 2/ norm minimization problem, while the robust stability issue is addressed by some H/sub /spl infin// norm bounds. These norm minimization or constraints are then translated into a set of parametric feasibility conditions using linear matrix inequalities (LMI), which are readily solved by convex optimization solvers. To enhance tracking performance and stability robustness, attenuation of airflow excited suspension structural vibration is also explicitly taken into consideration by an inner-loop fast-rate damping and compensation controller utilizing a vibration sensor on the suspension surface. Analysis and simulation results show a noticeable improvement in tracking performance over previous designs, while retaining acceptable robust stability under certain multiplicative and parameter uncertainties.


To study the fiber cell morphology,structure and its correlation with yield and physical properties of wild plant in Boehmeria,the determination of economic traits and microscope observation of the cell morphology of the cross-sections and isolated fiber were conducted in process maturity approach with 13 kinds of Boehmeria plant as test material.The results showed that:(1)Fiber cell morphology in germplasm of wild ramie was consistent with the cultivation of ramie,were mostly circular,polygonal,oval,and kidney line,of various shapes and sizes;(2)Fiber cell diameter,lumen diameter and the total number of fiber cell in stem cross-section showed varying degrees of positive correlation with raw jute yield,but they were significantly less than the control cultivars,which indicated that it was difficult for the wild Boehmeria germplasm to have good improvement to increase production;(3)There were not significantly negatively correlation between segregation fiber cell length,width,wall thickness,nodule number and fiber fineness,and the cell length,width of wild Boehmeria germplasm was significantly less than the cultivars of ramie,which indicated that the Boehmeria wild material had important application value in the fine fiber gene breeding areas and improving fiber quality in cultivars of ramie.


There are few facts in Eastern history better authenticated than the invasion of India by Mahmúd of Ghizni: the details of his sack of Pattan Somnath have been narrated, in some detail, even by the accurate Gibbon, and a few particulars, therefore, regarding the present condition of this far-famed temple and city, collected in October, 1830, may not be unacceptable to the Society.


The sources of the chronic precariousness of order in public secondary schools are examined. The means of control available to principals and teachers are analyzed and the consequences of strategies of control are considered as they interact with strategies for academic education. Order and academic education as goals often require mutually contradictory actions supported by different organizational structures. The need for opposing practices to meet these two basic goals is greatest when incoming students are skeptical or challenging of the usefulness of the school's academic goals or of its good faith in pursuing them. The character of four junior high schools in two school districts is analyzed to illustrate the interaction of these factors. (Author /MLF) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ***********************************************************************


In this paper,the theory and the result of certain experiments are discussed that an orderly exchange between smooth kinetic energy and turning kinetic energy exists in the vibration system formed by helical spring.


Most stroke patients usually have problems in communication and body movement, such as speaking, sitting, walking, and picking up items. Moreover, the number of caregivers is smaller than the number of stroke patients. Nevertheless, these patients need 24-hour caregivers for the patients' safety. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine patterns of anxiety emotion via facial expressions from the sub-structures on the face, such as the inner brow raiser, brow lower, lid raiser, and lip part. Random samples of 360 facial images from horror-thriller movies based on the internet movie database (IMDb) website were selected. Then, 68 facial landmarks for classifying the emotions were applied to each facial image. The differences in these 68 positions before and after the changed emotions were used as the emotional indicators. Furthermore, these different values are applied to implement a decision tree with all the boundaries of the sub-structures disclosed as a suitable classification model for emotion detection. Consequently, the accuracy when applying this decision tree with other facial images is 83.33%.


The phenomenon of population ageing demands specific care related to healthcare. Researches show a relationship between cardiovascular diseases and presence of depressive symptoms in this population. This study aimed to make a review of the international literature on the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and depression in elderly populations. The study consisted of a systematic search in Pubmed database, using as keywords the terms "cardiovascular disease", "depression" and "elderly". We chose as the parameter range of 2008 to 2013, and after reading and sorting, we selected 23 articles for analysis. The results show an interaction among biological, social and psychological aspects, indicating that the relationship between depression and heart disease is bi-directional and complex, and may have negative results in health and quality of life of the elderly, demanding attention and early intervention.


Abstract Despite a number of studies reporting glacier extent changes and their response to climate change over the eastern Tien Shan, glacier mass-balance changes over multiple decades are still not well reconstructed. Here, glacier mass budgets on the Karlik Range, easternmost Tien Shan during the time spans of 1972–2000 and 2000–2015 are quantified using digital elevation models reconstructed from topographic maps, SRTM X-band radar data and ASTER images. The results exhibit significant glacier mass loss in the Karlik Range for the two time spans, with a mean mass loss of −0.19 ± 0.08 m w.e. a−1 for the 1972–2000 period and −0.45 ± 0.17 m w.e. a−1 for the 2000–2015 period. The doubling of mass loss over the latter period suggests an acceleration of glacier mass loss in the early 21st century. The accelerated mass loss is associated with regional warming whereas the decline in annual precipitation is not significant.


When Sizhenhecan is used in the three lawsuit activities,court investigation,court debate and court intercession,which are not only tightly related but also self-governed,the medical thought of Sizhenhecan can actually make the summary procedure to achieve the benefit and justness.It can also get new annotation in the legal field.


This research is driven by the phenomenon and the difference of research result about thecorrelation relationship between Quality Work of Life and Self efficacy with EmployeePerformance, therefore the researcher tries to fill the research gap by proposing WorkMotivation as a mediating variable, where research with survey method conducted on 180employees PT. Bank BRI Branch BSD. Analyze research by using model of structural equationwith results; 1). Quality work of life has a significant negative effect on employee performance,2). Quality work of life has a significant positive effect on work motivation, 3). Self efficacy hasa significant positive effect on the performance of the karawan, 4). Self efficacy has asignificant positive effect on work motivation, 5). Motivation of work has a significant positiveeffect on employee performance, so this finding proves that work motivation acts as a perfectmediator of Quality Work of Life with Employee Performance.


The symptom development of pine wilt disease is divided into two stages, the early and advanced stages. In the early stage, pinewood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) mainly disperse in cortical and xylem resin canals, then induce parenchyma denaturation which cause xylem embolism partially. In the advanced stage, nematode population drastically increase, which coincides with cambial destruction and embolism development in the whole stem. Symptoms observed in resistant pines, which were selected in national projects, don't progress to the advanced stage in general. However, their resistance shows great variation among families or clones, which have been ranked from grade 1 (low) to 5 (high). In this study, to clarify the symptom development in detail, we examined embolism development in resistant pine clones inoculated with nematodes.


We analyzed two periods of film production in the state of Paraiba. Networks of shares of the first, the late 1970s to the early 1980s, concentrated on the cities of Joao Pessoa and Campina Grande. Then, from the years 2010, the network film education projects, such as Jabre Laboratory, linked or not to universities in the Paraiba, grows, enabling the expansion of the participation of young people from different geographical regions of the state. The films originated in this laboratory are being awarded in several festivals, as for example, "Sophia" (Kennel Rogis), and "Island" (Ismael Moura), which won, respectively, 32 (thirty-two) and 56 (fifty six) awards. Keywords: Education; cinema; movies; State of Paraiba; public policy.


This report reviewed and analyzed recent experience with changing the public-private mix of health services in sub-Saharan Africa. The four policy chapters discuss user fees for public health services health insurance and the roles of private for-profit and not-for-profit providers. It was concluded that the public-private mix means that government roles are changing but not getting smaller. Most sub-Saharan African governments are comfortable with multiple sources of funding. User fees still do not cover recurrent costs. Health insurance schemes are still in their infancy. The primary role of the Ministry of Health (MOH) in financing health care services must be understood by all government departments. MOH policies do not always acknowledge the role of other providers in dispensing health services. Most Ministries are pursuing partnerships and developing coordinating mechanisms. Governments require clear regulatory laws and effective regulations to secure acceptable standards of conduct for public and private providers. Governments have not been very successful in regulating health care. Governments need to determine how to ensure a good value for subsidies and be clear about expectations that are exchanged for subsidies. For-profit and not-for-profit providers need to provide appropriate health care information to the public health sector. All policy reforms require strong management capacity and adaptations to local conditions. There are advantages and disadvantages of decentralized and centralized systems. The MOH should provide dynamic leadership and an enabling environment.


Impacts of climate change on natural and human 'systems' are often difficult to assess due to high uncertainty and the need to integrate trans-disciplinary knowledge. This includes the worldwide, billion-dollar whale watching industry that depends on some key species such as the humpback whale. The migratory corridors, feeding, resting and calving sites, which are used for whale watching may be influenced by changing ocean currents and water temperatures. Whales are responding through a shift in migration time, behavior, abundance and distribution impacting on whale watching. To address these challenges, the authors developed a participatory model to understand and evaluate the potential effects of climate change (and other determinants) on the whale watching industry using the east coast of Australia as a case study. Using systems thinking and engaging with participants from the whale watching industry, a system structure for whale watching was developed. Elements encompassing climate change (e.g. length of season, temperature), policy (e.g. number of boats), ecology (e.g. number of whales age structure) and socioeconomics (e.g. number of tourists, fuel price) were integrated into this model with the interdependencies and feedback pathways investigated. Using the systems thinking model to help the participants contextualise and visualise their whale watching system, a Bayesian network (BN) model focusing on the determinants of 'Whale Watching Profitability' was then developed. The participants defined the structure and conditional probabilities for the BN. A sensitivity analysis on the BN helped identify important intervention points for the industry. This innovative methodology can be applied to other fields and can assist businesses and authorities in making rational management decisions even when data is very limited.


Room-temperature ultraviolet random lasing with low threshold pumping power was successfully achieved by ZnO 3-D random-wall nanostructure fabricated on ZnO/SiO2/Si substrate through a thermal chemical reaction and vapor transportation deposition method in a simple horizontal tube furnace from the mixed ZnO and graphite powders. The nanorods grown along c-axis on the substrate are coalesced to form the 3-D nano-wall with 80∼100 nm in wall thickness and irregular height ranging of 95-250 nm. Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry reveals that evaluated refractive indices n (E) of ZnO nanowalls are well interpreted by taking account of the ratio between ZnO and void achieved by effective medium theory analysis and isotropic depolarization feature of the designated nanowalls. Random lasing action observed in the wide wavelength range between 375 and 395 nm is realized by coherent amplification of the closed-loop scattered light inside 3-D random-wall nanostructure. It is demonstrated that both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes show the same threshold and pumping power dependent trend, while the intensity of TM lasing is weaker than that of TE due to the different scattering strength originated from the features of the inside of nano wall. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


It is a matter of fact that conflict-of-law rules frequently lead to the application of foreign law by the courts in cases of private law. Consequently, the legal science has quite frequently had to deal with this issue. On the contrary, the problem of the application of foreign law by administrative authorities has not been equally discussed. It was German academician Karl Neumeyer who introduced a system of delimiting rules ("Grenznormen"), requiring the application of foreign administrative law in the decision-making of administrative authorities. This article deals with the existence and implications of some of these provisions, as provided in various sources of EU legislation. Further, the article deals with the question concerning to which extent the principles of application of foreign law by the courts also apply to the application of foreign administrative law by the administrative authorities within the EU.


SiC impact avalanche and transit time (IMPATT) diodes with a guard ring formed by vanadium ion implantation showed a peak output power of 1.8 W at 11.93 GHz. The guard ring reduced the electric field near the diode's periphery and reduced the device temperature.


Hyphenated techniques combine chromatographic and spectral methods to exploit the advantage of both. Chromatography produces pure or nearly pure fractions of chemical components in a mixture. Spectroscopy produces selective information for identification using standards or library spectra. The term forensic science covers those professions which are involved in the application of the social and physical sciences to the criminal justice system. Forensic experts are required to explain the smallest details of the methods use, to substantiate the choice of the applied techniques and to give their unbiased conclusions. All under the critical and often mistrustful gaze of the servants of the justice, as well as the general public and the media. Recent years have seen the development of powerful technologies that have provided forensic scientists with new analytical capabilities, unimaginable only a few years ago. The aim of this article is to present an overview of some of the most recent applications of hyphenated liquid chromatography to forensic analysis. Focuses on trace analysis (including chemical warfare agents, explosives and dyes Drugs of abuse in alternative matrices, trace chemicals, systemic toxicological analysis, doping agent and related compounds, therapeutic drugs of toxicological relevant, environmental poisons, Natural toxins). It is not the intention to provide an exhaustive review of the literature but rather to provide the reader with a 'flavour' of the versatility and utility of the technique within the forensic sciences.


Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found at high levels in grapes and in grape products such as red wine, has been reported to possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including anti- oxident, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic effects. According to recent studies, this compound is an effective inhibitor of cell growth in general, triggers partial arrest of the cell cycle and induce apoptosis. In this study, the anti-proliferative effects of resveratrol in A549 human lung carcinoma cells were investigated. It is shown that resveratrol induced the growth inhibition in a time-dependent manner and morphological changes of A549 cells, which were associated with induction of S phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptotic cell death. The Bcl-XL levels were markedly down-regulated in resveratrol treated cells, however, Bax and Bcl-2 were remained unchanged. Resveratrol treatment induced the proteolytic degradation of Sp-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein, and inhibited the expression of β-catenin protein. Resveratrol treatment also induced a marked up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 and inhibited the kinase activities of Cdk2 and Cdk4. In addition, resveratrol treatment inhibited the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA and protein, and the release of prostagladin E2 without alteration of COX-1 expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that resveratrol may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human lung carcinorma cells.


In cantilever-based biosensor, Au surface plays two essential roles: as a surface to reflect laser beam and as a surface to be modified and thus functionalize the sensor. In this paper, we researched on modifying the Au surface by cysteamine and glutaraldehyde to make it reactive toward amine substances. Cysteamine concentration, cysteamine treatment time and glutaraldehyde treatment time were investigated to find optimal values. The data of chromogenic reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the data of water contact angle measurement were combined to find the optimal values. The results showed that the modification with 5 mM cysteamine in ethanol for 16 h and glutaraldehyde for 1 h would create the Au surface which can react optimally with amine substances.


Evaluation of the applicability of the strategic properties and their usefulness for the development and implementation of organizational strategy is one of the main stages of the management of state corporations, which necessitates the development of its methodology.


Background  Primary cutaneous follicle centre cell lymphomas (PCFCCLs) are the most common type of cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma. There is ongoing discussion on the origin of the neoplastic B cells in these PCFCCLs, and consequently on their relation to the groups of primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas (PCMZLs) and nodal follicular lymphomas.


Summary Urinary pH was determined hourly for a minimum period of 8 hours in 46 cases. The urine samples which were collected every hour were analyzed for sodium, potassium, ammonia, chloride and titratable acidity. A definite correlation between sodium-potassium excretion and variation in pH of the urine was established. All 16 exhibiting a sodium excretion below 45 microequivalents per minute had a fixed urinary pH at a level which differed considerably from individual to individual. Only one person with a slightly higher sodium excretion (53 microequivalents per minute) had a fixed urinary pH. Potassium showed a similar pattern although less consistent, since 5 subjects with normal pH variations had a low potassium excretion.


Permeation properties,which include permeability,absorption,diffusivity etc.,have been widely used to quantify durability characteristics of concrete.This paper presents an experimental study on permeation properties of different self-compacting concrete(SCC) mixes in comparison with those of selected traditional vibrated reference(REF) concretes of the same strength grade.The SCC mixes with characteristic cube strength of C40 and C60 were designed either with mineral admixture as filler or without the filler but using a viscosity agent.The results indicated that the SCC mixes had significantly lower oxygen permeability and sorptivity than the vibrated normal reference concretes of the same strength grades.The chloride diffusivity,however,appeared to be much dependent on the type of filler used;the SCC mixes without the mineral admixture but using a viscosity agent were found to have considerably higher diffusivity than the reference mixes and the other SCCs.


A good and conducive learning environment coupled with supportive teachers enhances students' academic performance. The influence of students' assessments in learning spaces, teacher support levels on their academic performance in TLE during modular distance modality was investigated in this study. A concurrent-nested mixed methods design was used to confirm, cross-validate, or corroborate findings within a study. A total of ninety-four participants participated in the study to respond to the questionnaire. Six groups with ten members joined in a focus group discussion (FGD) in the qualitative analysis part to describe their experiences in their learning spaces and teachers' support in the modular learning modality. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, means, percentages, and standard deviation were used to determine the students' learning spaces and the level of teacher support. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence of learning spaces and teacher support on students' academic performance. Furthermore, four themes emerged from the qualitative analysis part of the study, namely: Conducive Environment; Enabling resources; Motivating and Making a follow up with students; and Providing clear instruction and explanation. The study recommends further empirical investigation on the challenges of the students during modular learning.


Abstract: Approximately 60% of adults are physically inactive or exercise only on occasion. Conventional approaches to recreational systems focused on the number of people participating not on user's needs. A key component of recreation is learning and a need existed for assessing the status of adult recreation in Great Falls, Montana, and surrounding communities. The purpose of this study was to describe in which recreational activities adult learners participate and to describe their level of satisfaction with new recreational learning.


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Abstract A bi-functionalized porous solid diamine-thiol tetraacetic acid P‒(NN-SH)-TAA immobilized polysiloxane ligand system (where P represents [Si‒O]n polysiloxane network, (NN-SH) represents both diamine and thiol groups, and TAA represents tetracetic acid group) has been prepared by modification of a post-polysiloxane bi-functional diamine-thiol ligand system P-(NN-SH) with ethylchloroacetate. The immobilized bi-ligand system was characterized by 13C‒NMR and Fourier transform-Infrared spectra. The bi-ligand system was used for the extraction of divalent metal ions from aqueous solutions, which include Ni2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+, by the batch method at different time intervals and different pH values (3.5–6). The maximum metal uptake capacity values toward Ni2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ were found to be 18.2, 125.7, and 138.89 mg/g ligand respectively at pH 5.5. The use of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide should modify material porosity and therefore increase the metal ion uptake capacity of immobilized ligand system. The presence of bi-functional ligand groups at the silica matrix is to increase the metal uptake capacity of M(II) ions.


Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement by single photon emission tomography (SPECT) has been widely used in the patinets with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Post-CBF SPECT imaging, however, has not been introduced in the clinical situation except for the imaging of epileptic focus by 123 I-Iomazenil. In this paper, we presented the results of the prospective study in investigating the relationship between the impairment of cerebral perfusion reserve (CPR) and neuronal tissue damage measured by 123 I-Iomazenil SPECT. Positron emission tomography (PET) and 123 I-Iomazenil SPECT were compared in the patients with chronic stage of unilateral intracranial steno-occlusive lesion, focusing on the critically disturbed CPR lesions. In those lesions, binding of the central benzodiazeopine receptor measured by 123I-Iomazenil significantly decreased in the areas with misery perfusion compared to those with coupled perfusion. The relationship between receptor binding and oxygen metabolism showed a significant correlation in the areas with misery perfusion. These results indicated that selective neuronal loss initiated in the disturbed CPR lesion especially where the tissue is under the critical condition to maintain oxygen metabolism. Further comparative studies would be needed to confirm the usefulness of 123 I-Iomazenil SPECT in the patients who are nominated reperfusion theraphy in the chronic stage of cerebral infarction.


Over the last seven years PARDYP has carried out research on watershed management in the Midhills of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region. The research has been carried out by national research institutions in five watersheds of between 60 and 100 km in area. This work has improved the understanding of impacts of hydrometeorology on the land, land use dynamics, the community management of natural resources, and hydro-meteorological patterns. In this introduction chapter, we summarise the major learning from PARDYP Phase 2, based on the findings presented at a wrap-up workshop held in December, 2003. Ten of the options for development that have been tested, demonstrated, and promoted by PARDYP are proving popular with farmers across the region and are described. Some of the broad research findings that need further investigation and clarification during PARDYP Phase 3 (2003-2005) are presented.


An extended study of the effect of the calibration strategy followed in multi-element analysis of glass matrices by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is reported. The accuracy of the determination of two major (Ca, Na) and four minor constituents (Al, Fe, Mg, Ba) was evaluated by analyzing two certified reference glass materials (SRM 620 and SRM 621) by three different calibration methods, including multi-element and single-element standards. The effect of sample dilution and the presence of high concentrations of some major constituents was also investigated. Two-way analysis of variance was applied at a given level of confidence (95%) to evaluate the significance of these effects as sources of variation, while the slope of the calibration curves was used as a reliable criterion for the evaluation of the different calibration processes. The recoveries obtained from the two SRMs were also found. Finally, the three calibration methods were applied successfully in the analysis of archaeological glass fragments and glassy specimens from an excavated ancient oven.


Renewable energy (RE) has a significant potential to mitigate global climate change, address regional and local environmental concerns, reduce poverty and increase energy security. The challenge is to provide the right policy frameworks and financial tools that will enable RE to achieve its market potential and move from the margins of energy supply into the mainstream. Policy-makers thus have a mandate to take action and, since most of the capital for this greening will not come from public treasuries, most of this action will need to focus on creating enabling frameworks and finance mechanisms for technology R&D, commercialization and investment. Renewable energies, although subject to the same market forces as conventional energy sources, involve markedly different technologies and thus their financing requires new thinking, new risk management approaches and new forms of capital. After examining and analyzing the financing trends for renewable energies, we conclude that market signals alone – even when incorporating carbon pricing – have not been sufficient to trigger significant renewable energies growth. Therefore the importance of the well-designed policies is crucial. To be as effective as possible, these must be taking into account the state of the technology, available RE resources, and responding to local political, economic, social and cultural needs and conditions.


AbstractThe Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) constellation is designed to provide observations of surface wind speed in and near the inner core of tropical cyclones with high temporal resolution throughout the storm's life cycle. A method is developed for estimating tropical cyclone integrated kinetic energy (IKE) using CYGNSS observations. IKE is calculated for each geographically based quadrant out to an estimate of the 34-kt (1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) wind radius. The CYGNSS-IKE estimator is tested and its performance is characterized using simulated CYGNSS observations with realistic measurement errors. CYGNSS-IKE performance improves for stronger, more organized storms and with increasing number of observations over the extent of the 34-kt radius. Known sampling information can be used for quality control. While CYGNSS-IKE is calculated for individual geographic quadrants, using a total-IKE—a sum over all quadrants—improves performance. CYGNSS-IKE should be of interest to operational and ...


We present in this paper a preliminary study of rib motion tracking during Interventional Radiology (IR) fluoroscopy guided procedures. It consists in providing a physician with moving rib three-dimensional (3D) models projected in the fluoroscopy plane during a treatment. The strategy is to help to quickly recognize the target and the no-go areas i.e. the tumor and the organs to avoid. The method consists in i) elaborating a kinematic model of each rib from a preoperative computerized tomography (CT) scan, ii) processing the on-line fluoroscopy image and iii) optimizing the parameters of the kinematic law such as the transformed 3D rib projected on the medical image plane fit well with the previously processed image. The results show a visually good rib tracking that has been quantitatively validated by showing a periodic motion as well as a good synchronism between ribs.


With the advantage of large span,the high redundancy and three-dimensional overall forcing of space structures,they are widely used in the civil engineering projects.However,due to the large number of members,the scattered force paths and the complex force transmission modes,which may lead to more complex forcing than in the ordinary structures.In this paper,firstly,the structural strain responses have been analyzed through numerical simulations with snow loading in the National Aquatics Center(water cube).Then,according to the strain monitoring data and the relation feature between the temperature loading and structural temperature strains collected from the strain monitoring system on the effect of the snow loading in the national aquatics center,the temperature loading strains are separated from the snow loading strains with the neural network technique,from which the monitoring data are obtained in numerical statement and analyzed,meantime,with which the above numerical simulation results are checked and evaluated.The analysis results show that,in summer,owning to the high alteration amplitude of the temperature difference,the temperature loading is the control loading for the space structure;on the other hand,in winter,due to the temperature difference reducing during the process of snowfall,the control loading in the structure is transferred from the temperature loading to the snow loading,the effect of the snow loading on the space structure can not be ignored.


Abstract 2311

Background: Chronic graft-versus host disease (cGVHD) features certain similarities with autoimmune diseases. The pathogenesis of cGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT), however, is poorly understood.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples from 52 pts with active (median day 976, range 177–2773) (group 1), 28 pts with resolved (median day 1207, range 147–2849) (group 2) and 18 pts without cGVHD (median day 1015, range 124–2655) (group 3) were analysed for T and B cell subsets by FACS. 47 pts were transplanted from matched related donors, 40 pts from matched and 11 from mismatched unrelated donors. In addition, blood samples from 20 patients with and 10 patients without history of cGVHD were tested for: antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA), antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), anti-smooth-muscle antibody (ASMA) and double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Chronic GVHD was evaluated using criteria and guidelines of the National Institute of Health (mild n=16, moderate=18, severe n=18).

Results: The absolute CD19+ B cell counts (median in 109/l) in pts with active chronic GVHD (0.03; range 0–2.59) were subnormal and lower than in pts of group 2 (0.140; range 0.001–0.856; p 0.019) and group 3 (0.175; range 0.20–0.553; p 0.002). Significant differences in absolute numbers of the CD27− B cell compartment, including immature (CD19+ CD27− CD38++CD20+IgM+) and transitional B cells (CD19+ CD27− CD38++CD10+CD20+IgM+), (median in 109/l: group1: 0.015; range 0–0.499 vs. group 2: 0.090; range 0–0.667 or vs. group 3: 0.158; range 0.02–0.52; both p<0.001) as well as class switched memory B cells (median in 106/l: 0.045; range 0–96.00 vs. 3.40; range 0–69.35; p 0.032 or vs. 7.40; range 0–56.83; p 0.003) were observed between the groups. Of interest, the CD 27+IgD+IgM+ B cell subpopulation (median in 106/l) is lacking in pts with active cGVHD (0; range 0–1.35) in contrast to patients with resolved (0.43, range 0–17.47; p<0.001) or pts who never experienced cGVHD (1.69; range 0–10.00; p<0.001).

The counts of CD8+ T cells (median in 109/l) were significantly lower in pts of group 1 (0.257, range 0.01–1.76) compared to pts of group 2 (0.373; range 0 –1.96; p 0.010) or group 3 (0.545; range 0.06–1.61; p 0.027). No significant differences in CD4+ T cell counts (median in 109/l: 0.274 vs. 0.355 vs. 0.293) including naive and memory CD4+ T cells as well as regulatory CD25+CD4+ FoxP3+ T cell counts (median in 106/l: 8.11 vs. 6.55 vs. 9.72) were observed between the three groups.

In patients with cGVHD ANA was positive in 35% (7/20), ASMA in 20% (4/20) and AMA in 5% (1/20). ANA was positive in 36% (4/11) and ASMA in 27% (3/11) of patients without cGVHD. AMA and dsDNA were negative in all patients without cGVHD and ANCA was negative in all tested patients. 10% (3/31) of patients showed more than one autoantibody.

Conclusion: Our data confirm a close association of diminished B cell counts with cGVHD while no difference of the tested autoantibodies was observed between pts with and without cGVHD. The lack of CD 27+IgD+IgM+ B cells in pts with cGVHD indicates functional asplenia in these pts, because IgM+ memory B cells are dependent upon a functional spleen for their generation and/or survival. Analysis of B cell subsets can provide a diagnostic tool for monitoring cGVHD activity but requires prospective evaluation.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper uses a high degree automobile dynamic model to simulate better a real vehicle with an electronic control system based on Rapid-Control Prototyping (RCP). Using this model, this paper studies Anti-lock Brake System(ABS) to improve both braking and steering abilities. Current ABS uses consistent vertical force with a slip ratio, which is a difference between a vehicle's speed and a wheel's, from 0.1 to 0.3. However, because the maximum vertical force depends on a tire model's vertical force, the slip ratio was adjusted as vertical weight changes to improve ABS's performance.


The x-ray planar cavity embedded in two nuclear ensembles at node and antinode positions with fixed spacing has been used to study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect previously. In this work, the same x-ray planar cavity but with a flexible spacing configuration is studied theoretically. By developing a concise transfer matrix method, the changing of spacing is reflected conveniently as the phase shift of the propagation matrices, based on which the system can be solved analytically. A periodic characteristic as a function of the spacing is observed, i.e., the first nuclear ensemble locating at any node will result in an EIT effect while the EIT effect will be completely compressed when it is at any antinode. It indicates that the phase shift between the two nuclear ensembles plays a key role for the coupling field. This kind of phase manipulation will enrich the approaches of quantum control in the x-ray regime.


Objeetive Introduce a new method to treat ulandecrano favtion by reforming pulling belt.Methods 79 patients who were treated by reforming pulling bett and followed.Results the result is satisfactory.Conculsion This way is an relative methad with simpleoperation,exact effect,earlyfunctional action.littler complication and sequelae


We propose a Bayesian nonparametric approach to the problem of modeling related time series. Using a beta process prior, our approach is based on the discovery of a set of latent dynamical behaviors that are shared among multiple time series. The size of the set and the sharing pattern are both inferred from data. We develop an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo inference method that is based on the Indian buffet process representation of the predictive distribution of the beta process. In particular, our approach uses the sum-product algorithm to efficiently compute Metropolis-Hastings acceptance probabilities, and explores new dynamical behaviors via birth/death proposals. We validate our sampling algorithm using several synthetic datasets, and also demonstrate promising results on unsupervised segmentation of visual motion capture data.


To fulfill the need for engineering use research and material quality inspection,the experimental study for shear strength test method was carried out on certain kind of titanium bar.The main influence factors to shear strength test result was systenatically studied by the contrast test,including test machine,shear clamp,distance between shear blade edge,clearance fit between test sample and shear hole,shear rate,effect of machining on sample's outer surface.The experimental research will conduce to amend the shear strength test method for titanium bar and even for other metal materials.It will also help to increase the veracity and make the test result comparable between difference test departments.


Abstract The attachment coefficient η for the formation of negative ions in low energy electron swarms was measured over an E/p-range of 0.1 ... 30 V/Torr cm by a new and accurate method. Thus earlier measurements up to 54 Torr of other authors could be extended to 880 Torr. The shape of the minimum in the η/p-curves between the three-body process (e+2O2 → O2- + O2) and the dissociative process (e + O2 → O- + O) and its shift to higher E/p with increasing pressure was measured. Behind the minimum a maximum at E/p = 14 was found. Between the minimum and this maximum the dissociative process is predominant but the three-body process is still of influence. For E/p > 14 the η/p-values are slowly decreasing with increasing E/p. For the higher pressures above 44 Torr deviations from the relation η proportional to p2 were found for the three-body process. These deviations are discussed.


The deposition sequence in the southern part of the North Makassar Basin began with non-marine fluvio-deltaic-lacustrine syn-rift deposits of Early Eocene. This sequence is marked with a series of horst and graben structures interpreted to occur during the extensional tectonic phase of the region. The non-marine sequences were immediately conformable overlain by a deepwater depositional system across the region, with an exception of the Paternoster Platform area. In this platform area, the Eocene sequence was partially uplifted and eroded in the Early Oligocene which resulted in the initiation of shallow marine carbonate depositions. Part of this region became favorable for carbonate reefs to grow. This shallow marine deposition is continuous until the present day. contact a the


Intensive agricultural activity in the last two centuries has brought about serious threats to sustainable development of rural areas. Achieve the higher and higher yield without consideration the negative effect caused by such activity was a paradigm of agriculture. Worsening of agricultural landscape properties (water deficit, depletion of soil organic matter content, impoverishment of biodiversity, pollution of environment) leading to retardation of ecosystem services made the ecologist end environment engineers to look for toolkit allowing to counteract such negative trends. Increasing production farmers subsidize energy in order to simplify plant cover structure both within cultivated fields (selection of genetically uniform cultivars and weeds elimination) and within agricultural landscape (elimination of hedges, stretches of meadows and wetlands, small mid-field ponds). There is growing body of ecological knowledge that management of agricultural landscape for its structural diversity is becoming the important pillar of the sustainability of rural areas. Programs of environmental protection in rural areas should aim not only at introduction environmental friendly technologies of cultivation within farm. They should also be concerned with challenge of how to increase the resistance or resilience of the whole landscape against threats. Close cooperation between local administration and scientific institutions is prerequisite to achieve positive effect of implementation of ecological knowledge into practices. Since the end of last century Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment cooperate with local administration (district, commune and local society) in the frame of enhancement shelterbelt net, restoration degraded postglacial ponds and other mid-field or village ponds as well as restoration and reconstruction old by palace parks.


Data for the five years on a plankton in shallow water of Northern Caspian sea is cited in work, the problem of quantity indicators of development of a plankton, long-term dynamics is discussed.


CARRASCO MA. & CAsriLLo IL., 1993. Sume new taxa trom Central Spain. Bot. Complutensis IB: 255-258 This paper siates seven taxa of vascular plants collected in Toledo province, Spain. AII of Ihem are lirst records lor Toledo province, being three of them: Evax lusitanica Samp., Romulea ramifiora Ten. subsp. ramiflora and Orchis patens Desf, new records for bigger arcas. Dala about water eharacteristie are presented loo in relation with Ranuneulus peltatus Schrank subsp. peliatus.


A urinalysis performed at that time was also normal; reaction was alkaline. Bleeding, coagulation and clot retraction times were normal. The patient was dis- charged home on the sixth hospital day. A follow-up examination and urinalysis nine days later failed to reveal any signs of permanent damage.


As mandated by the Law for drug addicts/abusers, rehabilitation is carried out. Meanwhile, the rules for drug addicts and psychotropic drugs or similar drugs that cause dependence and have a serious impact are not regulated normatively. So that in the law enforcement process, both Narcotics, Psychotropics and Drugs, Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics. In a practical level or reality in the field, the implementation of rehabilitation is very monotonous and the road is in place. Both the Narcotics Law, Seja, Sema and Perber all require that before waiting for the decision of the panel of judges concerned as a category of addicts must be placed in a rehabilitation institution. Of course, this is very worrying, how much will the rehabilitation process cost? Economically, this law enforcement model is ineffective, so the implementation of enforcement is in place.


Albert, D. M., and R. T. Bowyer. 1991. Factors related to grizzly bear-human interactions in Denali National Park. Wildlife Society Bulletin 19:339-349. Despite improved management, serious bear-human interactions in Denali National Park increased greatly from 1987 to 1989. Researchers collected reports of bearhuman interactions to evaluate level, location, and type of interactions. Causes and prevention of habituation are discussed. The authors differentiate between frontand back-country encounters and suggest methods to reduce interaction. They also talk about habituated bears gaining a competitive advantage over timid conspecifics.


Background Comparing heart failure (HF) outcomes across hospitals requires adequate risk adjustment. We aimed to develop and validate a model that can be used to compare quality of HF care across hospitals. Methods and Results We included patients with HF aged ≥18 years admitted to one of 433 hospitals that participated in the Premier Inc Data Warehouse. This model (Premier) contained patient demographics, comorbidities, and acute conditions present on admission, derived from administrative and billing records. In a separate data set derived from electronic health records, we validated the Premier model by comparing hospital risk‐standardized mortality rates calculated with the Premier model to those calculated with a validated clinical model containing laboratory data (LAPS [Laboratory‐Based Acute Physiology Score]). Among the 200 832 admissions in the Premier Inc Data Warehouse, inpatient mortality was 4.0%. The model showed acceptable discrimination in the warehouse data (C statistic 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.76). In the validation data set, both the Premier model and the LAPS models showed acceptable discrimination (C statistic: Premier: 0.76 [95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.77]; LAPS: 0.78 [95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.80]). Risk‐standardized mortality rates for both models ranged from 2% to 7%. A linear regression equation describing the association between Premier‐ and LAPS‐specific mortality rates revealed a regression line with a slope of 0.71 (SE: 0.07). The correlation coefficient of the standardized mortality rates from the 2 models was 0.82. Conclusions Compared with a validated model derived from clinical data, an HF mortality model derived from administrative data showed highly correlated risk‐standardized mortality rate estimates, suggesting it could be used to identify high‐ and low‐performing hospitals for HF care.


The intercellular junctions of the vascular stria and spiral ligament in the human cochlea were examined by means of the freeze-fracture technique.It appeared that the vascular stria and the spiral ligament of the human shared common anatomical characteristics with that of the guinea pig as far as the intercellular junctions are concerned and we could not find any reason not to assume that the electrophysiological nature of the vascular stria of the human is basically identical to that of the guinea pig.The tight junctions observed at the apical portion of the marginal cell could be classified as "intermediate to tight". The junctions observed between the basal cells were classified as "very tight". Thus the vascular stria is barred from both endolymph and perilymphatic tissue (spiral ligament) by the tight junction.Virtually all the component cells of the vascular stria and the spiral ligament seemed to be interconnected by gap junctions. These cells might share a common intracellular ionic environment.


The 21 century put society before a choice on which path to develop further, which model of economic development to choose. The existing economic model of development generates certain contradictions. Economic development is accompanied by the emergence of crisis phenomena, predatory use of natural resources, changing landscapes, unjustified environmental pollution. An alternative way of economic development of society could be a model of a green economy, which is being formed today, before our eyes. The research is devoted to the consideration of three of the six directions of the implementation of the green economy model. The current state of clean energy, agricultural energy, and sustainable agriculture, including organic agriculture, is analysed. The steps taken to switch to the green economy model are analysed. According to the results of the study, conclusions are drawn related to the transition to this model of economic development.


Until the mid-1960s, improvements in technology and economies of scale made each new generating unit installed less expensive than the previous one. Later, bigger was still better. Larger units cost less per kilowatt than smaller units. Today, that may be changing. In some situations, distributed generation -the use of small, dispersed units (usually gas turbines) in the place of large central stations- can be the most attractive option.


1. An experimental study has been made of the effects of heat, light, air, enzymes and bacteria on carotene destruction, when green fodder is dried and stored as hay. 2. Carotene in green fodders can be destroyed by autoclaving or other forms of heating in the presence of air. The extent of destruction depends upon the period of heating. 3. Carotene is not destroyed if green plants are dried in a vacuum. 4. Atmospheric oxygen plays the predominant part in the destruction of carotene; and heat, light and moisture are merely accelerating agents. The destruction of carotene during storage is due mainly to a slow spontaneous oxidation of the pigment in plant material. 5. The utility in India of grass drying or hay making with the specific object of providing vitamin A supplements is questionable, because of the carotene destruction during storage under prevailing temperature and climatic conditions.


The full life cycle of rapeseed biodiesel was taken as an example to establish the evaluation model of ecosystem stability for the content of WD,LD,NuD and BD.The results showed that the WD value for the full life cycle of rapeseed biodiesel was 0.75,water consumption was 3.75 times of the GDP water consumption every 10 000 yuan;LD value was 0.69,land occupation was 3.45 times of the GDP land use every 10 000 yuan;NuD value was 1.39,nutrient salt emissions was 13.9 times of the national average nutrient salt emissions every 10 000 yuan;BD value was 1.00,breaking the original plant diversity.During the rapeseed cultivation process,water consumption,land use,nitrogen emissions and phosphorus emissions respectively accounts for 99.97%,100%,98.31% and 100% in the full life cycle.Developing plants which was high-yield,drought-tolerant,high oil content and require low soil fertility was an effective measures to raise ecosystem stability of the biodiesel full life cycle.