Natural interspecific hybridization has been recognrzed in all major plant groups and well studied floras (Stebbins & Ferlan, 1956; McArthLrr, Welch & Sanderson, 1988: Stace. 1991), and several authors have concluded that natural hybridization has played a major role in the reticulate evolution of plant taxa (Grant, 191 l). Patterns of natural hybridization have been described among sympatric and parapatric closely related plant species (Epling, I94l;Levin & Smith, 1966; Adams & Kistler, l99l). Hybridization may also occur when two differentiated, and hitherto, geographically isolated species come into contact. The result can be low frequency occurrence of hybrid individuals (Marshall & Abbott, 1980), stable introgressant forms (Heiser, 1949) or aggressive, abundant hybrid genotypes (Thompson, 1991), An example of the latter situation is the almost complete


This paper presents the comparison of two different algorithms: a Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm for Analog Circuits (UMDA-AC) and a Genetic Algorithm for Analog Circuits (GA-AC). These algorithms are compared in performing the synthesis of topology and sizing of an analog low pass filter. Modeling of circuits is made by means of a linear representation technique with a variable length chromosome. Evaluation of circuits' functionality is carried out by Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis (Spice), since one of the objectives is to keep as low as possible the amount of non Spice-Simulable circuits while keep elements' values within preferred ones. Experiments show the effectiveness of a set of evolvable mechanisms in both algorithms, and while GA-AC and its three genetic operators are more able to keep low the rate of non Spice-Simulable circuits; UMDA-AC performs less evaluations by means of its estimated distribution


This research was designed to explore the attitudes and use of honey among the
Romanian consumers, by using the focus group method. The study was made in February
2008, in Cluj Napoca and aided in identifying consumer opportunities for promoting interest
in, and use of, honey. The objectives of the qualitative research were also to test different
types of honey packs. The group consisted of 10 consumers and lasted three hours.
It is important to mentioned that the results of the study are based on the opinions of
small numbers of consumers interviewed using a qualitative technique. The data are not
statistically projectable and are used to generate hypotheses and to develop and understand
possible issues and concerns regarding honey consumption. The participants to the focus
group were recruited by using a screening questionnaire. The selection of the consumers was
made by using the follows criteria: sex, age, education, residence. The discussion guides
contained eight parts: introduction, warm up, use of honey, purchase behaviour for honey,
attitudes toward honey, perceptions of honey, honey packs testing and wrap-up.
Honey is seen as a natural, 100% pure sweetener, sourcing from bees. There are some
concerns about the purity of the imported honey. Honey's use stems largely from family
traditions learned as children, which create a strong foundation on which to build new uses as
an adult. Honey is characterised as a complex food. Its favourite attributes are: the sweet taste
and the good alternative to sugar (in food and beverage), the benefits for health, the energy
booster, and the cosmetic and therapeutic uses. The only significant negative quality of the
honey is its messiness. The tendency to crystallize not appears to limit its use.
Packaging is not an important purchase driver for the Romanian consumer. The classical
glass jar remains the favourite type of package for the participants to the focus group.
Consumers don't trust the plastic jars or other types of containers.
We identified some patterns of consumption: the aged people consume honey especially
for the therapeutically qualities of this product. For this segment, an important source for
information about the uses of honey is represented by the Romanian magazine "Medicina
naturista". The young segment of consumers use honey because it's behaviour learned as
children.


Abstract Propose/aim of study: Forced exercise can act as a neuroprotective factor and cognitive enhancer. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of forced exercise on topiramate (TPM) induced cognitive impairment and also on TPM anti-seizure activity and neurodegeneration status after seizure. Material and method: Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups receiving normal saline, TPM (100 mg/kg), TPM in combination with forced exercise and forced exercise only respectively for 21 days. MWM test, and PTZ induced seizure were used and some oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers were measured for assessment of experimental animals. Results: Forced exercise in combination with TPM could abolish the TPM induced cognitive impairment and potentiates its anti-seizure activity. Also forced exercise in combination with TPM decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Bax protein, while caused increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities after PTZ administration. Conclusion: It seems that forced exercise could act as an adjunct therapy with TPM for management of induced cognitive impairment and can also potentiate TPM antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects.


Preserved salty pepper production method, the following steps: taking a fresh green jalapeno, washed with water to remove the pedicle; pepper knife into pieces; blocks on pepper containing 25% to 35% of common salt, spices 0.1 % to 0.5% MSG 0.5% to 1.5%, the remainder being water-based dipping solution of water soak 1 to 5 hours; salted pepper remove blocks, water leaching the block salted pepper, mix in the flour 20 to 30%; the method of draining block salted pepper drying, the drying method can also be used a hot-air drying or far infrared drying method. Produced by the invention salty peppers preserved, having spicy and savory scent, taste good, salty peppers preserved with certain toughness, good taste; savory peppers preserved good corrosion resistance, long storage time; Transport and friable during storage; salty peppers preserved as a direct table consumption can also be sauteed or fried after eating. Salty candied pepper production method is simple, low production costs.


This paper discusses about the recent trends of investment in agriculture of Vietnam, its opportunities and challenges and some implications to further attract investment in this sector. Numerous incentives and support programs have been granted by the national and local authorities over the last decade. New trends are emerging, such as changes in the structure and scale of production, increasing investment from large domestic firms, and more application of modern techniques and smart farming. However, total and FDI investment in agriculture remain limited. In the future, this sector faces the obstacles of declining land and labor, and climate change, while land access and poor infrastructure are unsolved. However, there are still opportunities as the sector receives priority support from the Government, and the growing middle-class and the deeper economic integration will create higher demand. More effort should be paid to harmonize and systematize the list of incentives to investors; to remove obstacles to land access; and to design more support for the distribution and marketing of agricultural products.


For a wireless sensor network (WSN) to operate successfully in an application of detecting a mobile intruder, the sensor's sensing of the intruder and the communication between the tasking sensor(s) and the base station should be jointly considered for effective intrusion detection. Most related work either treats the two tasks separately or considers both tasks for general-purpose WSN applications in terms of sensing coverage and network connectivity. This work instead investigates the effective intrusion detection problem in a partially connected random WSN from modeling, analysis, and simulation perspectives by integrating the K-sensing and communication tasks. Upper and lower bounds of effective K-sensing intrusion detection probability are mathematically formulated and theoretically derived. Monte-Carlo Simulations are conducted and outcomes are shown to support the theoretical analysis.


A peculiarity of conversational search systems is that they involve mixed-initiatives such as system-generated query clarifying questions. Evaluating those systems at a large scale on the end task of IR is very challenging, requiring adequate datasets containing such interactions. However, current datasets only focus on either traditional ad-hoc IR tasks or query clarification tasks, the latter being usually seen as a reformulation task from the initial query. The only two datasets known to us that contain both document relevance judgments and the associated clarification interactions are Qulac and ClariQ. Both are based on the TREC Web Track 2009-12 collection, but cover a very limited number of topics (237 topics), far from being enough for training and testing conversational IR models. To fill the gap, we propose a methodology to automatically build large-scale conversational IR datasets from ad-hoc IR datasets in order to facilitate explorations on conversational IR. Our methodology is based on two processes: 1) generating query clarification interactions through query clarification and answer generators, and 2) augmenting ad-hoc IR datasets with simulated interactions. In this paper, we focus on MsMarco and augment it with query clarification and answer simulations. We perform a thorough evaluation showing the quality and the relevance of the generated interactions for each initial query. This paper shows the feasibility and utility of augmenting ad-hoc IR datasets for conversational IR.


The main contribution of this paper is to show the realizability of epoxy-based nanocomposites as industrial insulating materials. The nano- and micro-filler mixture was invented to boost the nanocomposite in industrial insulating materials. Nano- and micro-filler mixture composites were newly made by dispersing a few weight-percentages of nano-filler and approximately 60 weight-percentages of micro-silica fillers in epoxy resin. Two kinds of nano-filler were used, such as layered silicate and silica. Experimental results demonstrated that the approach by nano- and micro-filler mixture enables the nanocomposite to have not only superior insulation properties but also the same low thermal expansion in comparison with the conventional filled epoxy (approximately 60 weight-percentages of micro-silica loading). Moreover, the nano-silica and micro-filler mixture composite has the desired properties of resin viscosity and curing reaction whereas the layered silicate and micro-filler composite has higher resin viscosity and faster curing reaction than those of the conventional filled epoxy due to modifier ions of layered silicates. Consequently, the nano-silica and micro-filler mixture composite is presently the closest to the epoxy-based nanocomposite as an industiral insulation material.


Using the first principle method based on density functional theory (DFT), we have studied the magnetic properties in Cu-doped GaN. The result shows that Cu in GaN exhibits spontaneous spin polarization. The energies of ferromagnetism (FM) and antiferromagnetism (AFM) coupling are calculated for eleven different configurations. It is found that Cu-doped GaN has a FM ground state. It is not found that Cu atoms have a clear clustering tendency. Origin of FM properties is also explained by energy level coupling model. In the paper, we also investigate the effect of nitrogen, gallium vacancies and carbon impurities on magnetic properties. The results show that nitrogen, gallium vacancies and carbon impurities cannot enhance FM coupling of Cu-doped GaN. In addition, exchange coupling coefficient and Curie temperature are also investigated. The Cu-doped GaN is proposed to be weak ferromagnetism according to Curie temperature and magnetic moment. The present study provides some theoretical understanding for the ...


This paper is based on qualitative research undertaken since 2010 with African immigrants living in the small island state of Malta. Its purpose is to deconstruct a number of discourses and preconceptions about irregular migration, migrants and islandness. We argue that, in order to better understand the situation of migrants in Malta, we have to engage critically with conventional wisdom that depicts (usually small) islands as isolated, immobile and homogeneous spaces. Using a spatial approach, we propose the term 'counter-islandness' to describe a migration situation characterized by movement (versus immobility) and articulation of scales (versus isolation). We show how different scales in their complex and multiple interactions contribute to shaping and determining the future and trajectories of the 'undesirables'. We explain how Malta has found itself at the heart of a complex circulatory system, articulating mobilities operating at various scales. We then categorise the role of the island within migratory patterns into three different forms: the island as barrier, hub, and place of settlement.


This paper explores the possibility and the feasibility for graduate students to fabricate their own go karts and compete against students from various colleges around the country. Our aim is to design a Go kart in the best possible manner considering the technical and economic guidelines provided in various rulebooks so that the go-kart can take on the various challenges yet to come. This paper focuses on the design, specifications and the fabrication of the go-kart.


A new fabrication technique for hyper-textured aluminum (Al) films has been developed by using an amorphous tantalum-aluminum (Ta-Al) underlayer. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of the (111) rocking curve for Al film has been attained to be less than 1 degree. It has been clarified that the empirical relation between the electromigration (EM) lifetime of an Al interconnection /spl tau/ and the FWHM value /spl omega/ is described as /spl tausup /spl prop/spl omegasup -2/. This result has confirmed that a hyper-texture is a promising approach to withstand higher current densities required in future ULSIs.<<ETX>>


Through investigative analysis of school building after Wenchuan large earthquake,various seismic disaster reasons were generalized and several suggestions about future school building construction were proposed so as to complete school building design,increased school building aseismic property and reduced earthquake damaged degree.


Pd3(dppm)3CO2+ exhibits a two-electron reduction process at ~ −0.5 V vs. SCE in 0.2 M Bu4NPF6 solutions of organic solvents such as dry acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dichloromethane to reversibly produce the zero valent Pd3(dppm)3CO, which exhibits a ν(CO) band in the 1761–1766 cm−1 range in the IR spectra. The mechanistic aspects of this multistep two-electron process are discussed experimentally on the basis of r.d.e. (rotating disk electrode) voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrolysis results. Geometry optimizations using DFT (Density Functional Theory) predict that the Pd—Pd and C=O bond lengths are 3.008 and 1.182 A, respectively, which compare favorably with the experimental data for other zero valent polynuclear complexes. Keywords: palladium, cluster, reduction, electrochemistry, density functional theory.


The contradictoriness of Russia's positions as the subject and the object of the global interactions is analyzed. The special attention is paid to the ways of increasing Russia's geo-economic and geopolitical significance in the world economic system. The importance of the Eurasian integration's consolidation and the necessity of strengthening the cooperation with the key emerging markets and BRICS countries are examined.


Most of food insecurity studies focus on the general households' level and less have been done for the university students.
Therefore, this cross-sectional study focused on determining food insecurity, assessing factors contributing to the food insecurity
and the association between socioeconomic status and food security status among students in two public universities in
Terengganu. About 96 undergraduate students from two selected public universities in Terengganu participated and filled out
a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three primary sections; Demographic profile, Food Security Index and Causes
of Food Insecure and these were later analysed by SPSS. Results showed that 22% of respondents were classified as food
insecure, with 14% of them were categorized in the low food security group and 8% were categorized as very low food
security. High cost of living is among the main factors contributing to food insecurity among the university students in
Terengganu. However, no significant association was found between socio-economic status and food insecurity status at
p<0.05. This may indicate that there are other factors besides socioeconomic status, which may influence food insecurity of
the students in this study. In the future, similar studies should be extended to focus on assessing students' food insecurity
and food coping strategies.


Evolution of the HIV-infection epidemic remains a crucial healthcare issue in Russian Federation. The cumulative number of HIV-positive people in the Far Eastern Federal District reached 24 921 in 2017. Should be noted that HIV-prevalence rates were slightly declining during the last three years of surveillance (2015-2017). The percent of HIV-positive people registered for outpatient treatment out of total number of people living with HIV totaled up to 80.92% in 2017. Coverage of the population with HIV screening tests reached 24.05%. The results of the epidemiologic analysis of HIV epidemic course in the Far Eastern Federal District are presented in the article.


This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant Nos. 2012CB932800 and 2013AA110201), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21303048), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 13JJ4101), and Foundation of the Education Department of Hunan Province (Grant No. 12C0832)


The Smart Card Automated Fare Collection (SCAFC) system is an Intelligent Transportation System that is becoming increasingly popular among transit operators. In addition to fare control, the data collected by these systems can be very useful in transit planning. Many SCAFC systems store the location where the passenger boarded due to the positioning device carried onboard; however, in most systems alighting locations are not validated and, thus, not stored in databases. This article presents a model to estimate the destination location for each individual boarding a bus with a smart card. Experiments carried out with a database programming approach show that the data must be thoroughly validated and corrected prior to the estimation process. The first application of the model provided a success rate of 66% for destination estimation, reaching about 80% at peak hours. Further research will tackle the issues of error detection, correction, and link results, comparing them with those of other data sources.


This article analyzes the experience of teaching a foreign language in the field of "Advertising and Public Relations." Taking into account the specifics of the process of training specialists in advertising and public relations, to form a communicative competence that allows graduates to act in the field of public, professional communication effectively is crucial. At the same time, we are talking about the development of communicative competence as a complex concept, which is the first condition for professionally oriented communication. The study of a professional foreign language forms the competence of future specialists in advertising and public relations necessary for the implementation of professional activities. An additional resource for improving the communicative competence of future specialists is revealed the correlation of a foreign language with the disciplines of specialization. This contributes to the development of students' cognitive activity, creativity, teamwork, and analytical skills. The course is based on the CLIL methodology. When designing the course, the teacher should take into account such factors as the age of students, their social and linguistic environment, and the degree of familiarity with the study of subjects in a foreign language. Conducting classes in the CLIL format implies increased requirements for a Business English teacher, who will have to be ready to involve colleagues from other subject departments in the preparation and conduct of classes. Nowadays, learning practices change, new resources appear. Mobile learning (mLearning) can be an answer to the challenge of a modern world. In mLearning, the focus is on a variety of problems, from how students' access to content to how the idea of content is defined. When developing the course of Business English, one of the essential pedagogical tasks was the formation of students ' ability to further independent study of a foreign language/languages and business culture, including the use of modern information technologies. We hope that this study will be useful both for researchers and practitioners designing an academic course, "Business English" for students studying advertising and public relations.


How Time flies!2014 has come when everything happened in 2013is still vivid in our mind.As the"Year of South Africa"in China,2014 also coincides with the 60th anniversary of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries(C PAFFC).S A-China People's Friendship Association(SACPFA),at


In this paper,the properties of Maoming kaolin and calcined kaolin at different temperature were studied by using DTA,XRF,SEM,BET,XRD and IR.The results show that the calcined kaolin has been transformed from crystallized kaolin to non-crystal one,and calcinate temperature has some influence on its structure.


Monica Perotto, Carlo Ambrosi

 Russian Emigration and Bilingualism

The present article compares two different sociolinguistic patterns of Russian emigrants of the last wave in the USA and in Italy. The New York suburb of Brighton Beach presents a typical post-Soviet community confi guration, where Russian language plays an important role of lingua franca, though it is differently realized at the diastratic level. Inside this emigration group it is possible to identify different linguistic attitudes towards Russian language between the elderly immigrants on one hand and the young ones on the other. The former are mostly monolingual and prefer to use Russian in all communication domains, the latter are bilingual with the dominance of English language and a wide use of code switching and code mixing. The Italian context is not so openly polarized, because of the dominance of Italian language, which prevails in almost all social life domains. Despite the fact that Russian speaking people living in Italy do not form a typical community, they show great interest in the mantainance of their mother tongue and of their original identity.


Background Paliperidone palmitate once-monthly (PP1M) demonstrated symptomatic and functional remission in patients with schizophrenia. This post hoc analysis aimed to identify factors associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients switching to PP1M (75–150 mg eq.). Methods The improved patient outcomes were observed as Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS, symptoms) score <70:66.7% (407/610), Personal and Social Performance (PSP, function) score >70:34.3% (199/581), and Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ, caregiver burden) reduction ≥6:50.2% (270/538). Independent variables including demographics, disease duration, employment status, and clinical scores were screened individually using a univariate analysis and subsequently, variables (cutoff p<0.15) were analyzed using a multivariate regression analysis for association with better clinical outcomes at week 13. Results The factors significantly associated with favorable clinical outcomes were reduction in PANSS at week 5 (odds ratio [OR]=1.14, 95% CI=1.11–1.17) with symptom reduction; baseline PSP total score (OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.05–1.10), PSP change at week 5 (OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.05–1.10), PANSS reduction at week 5 (OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.03–1.08) with functional improvement, reduction in PANSS at week 5 (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01–1.03), and total IEQ score at baseline (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.07–1.11) with caregiver burden reduction. Conclusion Thus, symptom and functional improvements with caregiver burden reduction were observed in patients, and PANSS reduction at week 5 was commonly associated with favorable outcomes.


This study aims to implement digital image processing and fuzzy logic in identifying the maturity level of red dragon fruit and describing the level of accuracy. The process carried out is to change the type of red dragon fruit image from the red green blue (RGB) type to the grayscale type. Furthermore, extraction is carried out using MATLAB to obtain information from the image. Information from the image is contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, mean, variance, entropy. There are 7 information used as fuzzy input. The input fuzzy model uses triangular and trapezoidal membership functions to construct fuzzy rules on 28 data, so there are 28 fuzzy rules. After the fuzzy rules are obtained, then the inference and defuzzification processes are carried out. The inference used is the mamdani method. The result of defuzzification is the value for the maturity level of red dragon fruit which is divided into four categories, namely raw, half-ripe, ripe, rotten. The fuzzy model that has been built will test the model by determining the level of accuracy and error of the model. With the results of 96.42% with an error of 3.57%.


Reversible watermarking is an open problem in information hiding field, with embedding the encoded bit '1' or '0' into some sensitive images, such as the law enforcement, medical records and military images. The technique can retrieve the original image without distortion, after the embedded message has been extracted. Histogram-based scheme is a remarkable breakthrough in reversible watermarking schemes, in terms of high embedding capacity and low distortion. This scheme is lack of capacity control due to the requirement for embedding large-scale data, because the largest hidden capacity is decided by the amount of pixels with the peak point. In this paper, we propose a reversible watermarking scheme to enlarge the number of pixels with the peak point as large as possible. This algorithm is based on an adaptive edge-guided interpolation, furthermore, hides messages by interpolation-error, i.e. the difference between the original and interpolated image value. Simulation results compared with other state-of-the-art reversible watermarking schemes in this paper demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.


IN HIS ENDEAVOR to meet the ever-present demand for improvements in electrical equipment the engineer usually explores new ideas and may overlook the advantages of old ones in the light of interim developments. Such has been the case for the triple-diametric circuit which offered little if any advantage 30 years ago with multianode rectifiers. When used with modern single-anode rectifiers, however, it offers over-all advantages for some applications when compared with the conventional ∗∗∗double-wye circuit.


[Objective]To investigate the clinical significance about p53 gene mutation in blood of the patients with breast cancer.[Method]Use of single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products(PCR-SSCP) to inspect p53 gene mutation from 35 blood samples of the patients with breast cancer and 20 blood samples of the patients with breast benign tumor.[Result]The mutation rate of the patients with breast cancer were 40.0%(14/35),and the mutation rate of the patients with breast benign tumor were only 5.0%(1/20).The difference was significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]Blood p53 gene mutation from the patients with breast cancer have higher detection rate,which is the early period signal of breast cancer.


The work presented here arises from the need to find a tool for computing the performance metric of a given exploration algorithm under arbitrary test conditions. Such tool would allow to find the most suitable algorithm for a predefined scenario without performing time consuming tests or simulations. The work here is a first approximation to develop the proposed tool, in order to validate the suitability of our approach we choose simple and well-known exploration algorithms and scenarios, but in the future we plan to expand to state-of-the-art algorithms and complex scenarios. A Machine Learning system using supervised learning is proposed as a practical method to predict the desired evaluation metric, such estimation will be used for algorithm comparison instead of the conventional method of performing tests or simulations. Other estimation methods, such as a multivariate regression model and approximation to probability distribution functions, are cumbersome and usually require performing additional experiments to gather further data. For testing and evaluation, we use two sample exploration algorithms based on the principle of two-dimensional random walk and a exploration scenario based on a bi-dimensional rectangular grid.


Sensors that provide adequate warning about problems in the mold are increasingly necessary to achieve safe and stable casting operations. This paper describes the utilization of thermocouple measurements to detect mold events, with a focus on longitudinal face cracks, tube breaks and mold flux studies.


A new structure of gas-liquid separator,which can be used in a mechanical vapor recompression(MVR)evaporation system,was proposed to improve separation efficiency of conventional gas-liquid separator for small liquid drops,and its separation characteristics were analyzed based on the numerical simulation and experimental verification.The numerical simulation method was employed to locate the most effective separation position through analyzing the flow field and pressure distribution in the conventional gas-liquid separator,and the 3/4 circular baffles were installed there to construct a new structure of gas-liquid separator.The separation characteristics of the proposed separator and the influence of the number of baffles were analyzed by simulation.Then the new separator structure was built and used for experiments to verify the simulation results and examine its separation effect.The results showed that the 3/4 circular baffle improved significantly the separation efficiency for small liquid drops,while the pressure drop increased little,since the effective length of tangential movement of gas flow was increased and its radial velocity was decreased.As the number of baffles increased,the separation efficiency and pressure drop both increased.Under the calculation condition in this study,the separation efficiency for the liquid drops with diameters less than 3 μm could be increased by 15% and the pressure drop only increased 200 Pa for the new separator structure.For the separation efficiency and pressure drop,the gas-liquid separator with two 3/4 circular baffles could achieve the best separation effect.Under the experimental condition in this study,the separation efficiency for liquid drops was increased by 5% compared to the conventional gas-liquid separator.


Abstract A continuous curvature cubic-spline method for the treatment of the continuity equation is presented. It is shown that this conservative algorithm, which is second order in time and third order in space, has good amplitude and phase properties. In addition, a positive-definite version is formulated by locally breaking the continuous curvature property. A modified second-order Crowley scheme is also presented, which is positive definite. Results from one- and two-dimensional solid-body rotational-flow experiments, as well as from a two-dimensional deformational flow test, are given. The behavior in a one-dimensional divergent flow is illustrated with solutions of the inviscid Burgers equation. The schemes are extended to dimensions higher than one by Strang's operator-splitting technique. Due to this drawback the schemes are restricted to Courant numbers less than or equal to one.


[Objective]To understand the status of occupational hazards in Xiamen City. [Methods]The monitoring data about occupational hazard factors from 2004-2013 were collected and statistically analyzed. [Results]The total qualified rate of occupational hazard factors in Xiamen City from 2004-2013 showed a rising trend with the average qualified rate of 88.28%. The qualified rate of toxic substances was the highest(97.56%),followed by dust(88.87%),while the qualified rate of physical factors was the lowest(72.99%). There was statistically significant difference in the total qualified rate among domestic-funded enterprises,HK-Macao-Taiwan companies and foreign enterprises(P0.05). The annual qualified rates of foreign enterprises were the highest from 2004-2013.[Conclusion]The qualified rate of occupational hazard factors has increased gradually in Xiamen City from 2004-2013,reflecting a promotion on occupational health work of enterprises.


valences in the context of information overload' (p. 8). One of the most ubiquitous topics in Stephens's book is the archive, and we find his chapters addressing a series of interrelated questions about information management: How is memory altered when it is recorded rather than embodied? Who determines what information is retained and how it is categorised, filtered, or arranged? What means of bureaucratic control have been enhanced or enabled by the extension of information storage capacities? These are, in many ways, questions about how the archive operates in the service of ideology. The poets studied across this book consistently remind us that information storage and dissemination is a political issue about who controls and structures memory. Stephens's writing, though at times dense, is skilful at analysing poetic texts within their particular technological and social contexts. This is a detailed book on the poetry of information overload, attentive to historical, cultural, and technological changes that informed and are informing avant-garde poetry in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.


The relative importance of common chemotherapy side effects has shifted substantially over the last few decades, according to a new study. In general, psychosocial effects have become more important while physical effects seem less significant to patients than in the past.


This article explores an emerging culture and politics of 'voluntary' human research subjects in the United States. In the cultural studies and anthropology of science and medicine, we have become used to the voice of patients challenging and contradicting the voices of medical and scientific authority. Generally, however, our research has been the media which brings these discourses into juxtaposition. Rarely have patients organized themselves as a political mass to contest medical discourse directly. Some exceptions are the cases of activist patient cultures, which have tended to form around particular diseases, e.g. cancer, AIDS, Gulf War Syndrome, and environmental illness. These remain ambiguous in their etiology and thus provide a space for interpretation (cf. Dumit, 1998; Epstein, 1996; Fortun, 1996; Stacey, 1997).


Heregulin (HRG) is a pluripotent growth factor that can stimulate the growth of some human mammary tumor cells and the differentiation of others. Two members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor/tyrosine kinases, p180erbB3 and p180erbB4, serve as receptors for the HRG ligand. While HRG appears to be capable of stimulating the autophosphorylation activity of p180erbB4, the co-expression of p185erbC2erbC2neu with p180erbB3 is necessary for the HRG-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of both of these receptors. On the basis of the sequences surrounding their putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites, we predict that the different HRG-responsive receptors couple to different intracellular SH2 domain-containing proteins. Hence, the different receptors may mediate different cellular responses to the HRG ligand. In the present study we show that HRGβ1 is mitogenic for erbB3-transfected DHFR/G8 cells, an NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast derivative that overexpresses p185erbC2neu. HRG stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the DNA of these cells with an EC50 of 70 ± 7 pM. HRG was not mitogenic for parental DHFR/G8 cells that do not express the ErbB3 protein. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, an enzyme believed to be important in cellular growth regulation by growth factors and oncogenes, is predicted to couple to tyrosine-phosphorylated ErbB3. We observed that HRG stimulated the association of PI 3-kinase with both p185erbC2neu and ErbB3 in transfected DHFR/G8 cells, but not in the parental cell line. We conclude that the ErbB3 protein is capable of mediating a proliferative response of fibroblasts to HRG, and that the activation of PI 3-kinase is an integral part of the growth signaling mechanism.


: The paper focuses on the preliminary assessment of the potential geo-hazards affecting the cultural heritage rock-cut sites of AlUla region. Its best-known site is Hegra, with more than 110 monumental tombs with elaborated facades carved directly into the sandstone rock. In addition, AlUla hosts a number of fascinating historical and archaeological sites such as its Old Town, surrounded by an ancient oasis, and Dadan, the capital of the Dadan and Lihyan kingdoms. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach mainly aimed at evaluating characteristics of rock masses, rock degradation processes, slope instabilities and best practices for heritage preservation and future management. The most appropriate mitigation and consolidation measures to contrast the ongoing threats, also in the view of rediscovering the traditional knowledge of local conservation techniques and implementing sustainable low impact monitoring technologies, are also analysed.


The present invention using the impulse radio one to rapidly obtain the PDR information of the physical hand-to, hand about the method for providing medical information using-held medical devices and it-held-type medical device is a pistol (Pistol) form a body formed of a; The trigger installed in the body to be operated by a user; Impulse radio (Impulse Radio) produced by the body as well as it transmits the impulse radio transceiver module for generating the impulse radio receives information to receive the impulse radio which is reflected from the body; And the impulse radio transmission and reception control module, and a hand is displayed on the display to create a body neuropathy information by analyzing the impulse radio receives information provided from the impulse radio transceiver module in accordance with an operation of said trigger-including-held terminal characterized in that the configuration.


Various carbohydrates were tested for suitability as fermentable substrates in sausage mixes inoculated with a frozen concentrate starter culture of Pediococcus acidilactici. For sausages containing 1% of carbohydrate, fermentations at 38°C for 24 hr showed similar rates of pH reduction (approx 6.0 initial to 4.7 final) and lactic acid ýields (0% initial to 0.9% final) for dextrose and sucrose. Maltose yielded 78% as much acidity as dextrose and the final sausage mix had a pH of 4.95. Although a 24 hr pH reduction from approx 5.95 (initial) to 5.25 (final) occurred with lactose and dextrin usage, the final lactic acid levels were not significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of a control mix containing no added carbohydrate: The fermentation of mixes with corn syrups (DE 29, 43, 54.5, 63) showed that a greater pH reduction and higher lactic acid accumulation developed as the quantity of the "simpler" carbohydrate fraction in each syrup increased. In comparison to two control sausages (0% and 1% dextrose), sausages with 2% corn syrups (DE 29 and DE 63) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower shear values after 10 days of drying. No significant differences occurred in weight losses over a 30-day drying period.


A method to aid in estimating the local area impacts of national energy shortages is presented. Using data from the 1977 Nationwide Personal Transportation Study and forecasting models developed in NCHRP Report 229, the study examines the potential travel impacts of fuel shortages in six different-sized urban areas under seven different energy future scenarios. These scenarios are defined by fuel supply shortfall, by government actions taken to offset this shortfall, and by whether long-range conservation actions are taken by the public. The study found that the most effective actions for reducing fuel use were long-range conservation actions such as moving closer to work or buying a more fuel-efficient automobile. In the absence of a fuel shortage, the 1990 scenario with long-range actions showed a decline in fuel use from 1980 of 13 to 15 percent, while the 1990 scenario without these actions showed a decline in fuel use of only 2 to 4 percent. The most effective type of transportation system management (TSM) actions for reducing fuel use are those that discourage solo driving. In addition, there is a significant difference in the amount of fuel saved by work versus nonwork TSM actions in future scenarios that do not contain long-range adjustments. However, in future scenarios with long-range adjustments, the amount of fuel saved by work versus nonwork travel becomes more of an even split. Smaller-sized urban areas will be affected the most by future energy shortages because of lack of available transit and fewer opportunities for carpooling. The impact of long-range actions on fuel use is greater in these areas because of a greater proportion of automobile travel. However, this does not fully compensate for the reduced availability of alternatives to automobile use in these areas.


In this work, we have studied an intelligent reflective surface (IRS)-assisted cognitive radio system. The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been deployed to strengthen the spectrum sharing behaviour between two secondary users. In order to improve the secondary network in a fairness manner without significantly interfering the primary network, we formulate a minimum throughput minimization problem for the secondary network via a joint design of IRS beamforming and resource allocation at the secondary transmitter. To address the complex non-convex problem, we adopt the successive convex approximation technique and propose an iterative algorithm for alternating improving the IRS beamforming scheme and the resource allocation design. The algorithm will finally converge to an efficient suboptimal solution. Through numerical results, we highlight the advantage of deploying IRS in the considered system and also the potential superiority of NOMA scheme over the space-division multiple access (SDMA) via comparisons.


In this paper, a model predictive control approach with active damping capability for input filter is presented for an indirect matrix converter-based induction machine driver. The indirect matrix converter is a two-stage converter without using an intermediate bulky energy storage component between the rectifier side and the inverter side. An induction machine is connected to the inverter side and model predictive based indirect field-oriented control is adopted. To control the rectifier side with the unity input power factor, a current-controlled predictive approach in the dq-frame is used. To mitigate the unwanted harmonics in grid current, an active damping technique without requiring the selection of optimum value for fictitious damping resistor is also included in the proposed control scheme. The cost function just employs current terms for controlling input and output, and no weighting factor is required since all the terms are in the same nature and identical ranges. The presented control technique provides a good driving for the induction machine and unity input power factor with low THD for the grid side.


Hybrid alpha-amylases derived from the alpha-amylases of the bacterial species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus licheniformis, are capable of the washing or cleaning performance of corresponding washing or cleaning agent to increase. The present application provides detergents and cleaning products with such hybrid enzymes available. It also relates to methods for cleaning textiles or hard surfaces, with the participation of such proteins or corresponding means and the use of such proteins or corresponding means for cleaning textiles or hard surfaces. It further relates to a method to improve washing and cleaning agents in their performance by hybrid amylases of the alpha-amylases of bacterial species B. amyloliquefaciens and B. licheniformis formed and added to the agents in question.


Family narratives provide a window for viewing aspects of past and present family relationships. There appear to be meaningful variations among families with respect to their narrative recounting of family events. This paper describes results of a pilot study designed to elicit family narratives using a structured, multigenerational family interview with parental couples. A structured, multigenerational family interview seems to have clinical utility. The paper will suggest directions for further empirical research using the family genogram interview.


A number of articles have looked at the effect of observation errors on verification statistics. In this article, those methods are brought together in order to assess the importance of observation errors on verification statistics for the Met Office short‐range ensemble prediction system (MOGREPS).


Aromatic amine synthesis via reductive coupling between alkenes and nitroarenes is attractive; however, it remains underdeveloped. Herein, we report a nickel-catalyzed alkene hydroamination with nitroarenes under mild reductive conditions. This reaction exhibited an ipso-selectivity and enabled repaid preparation of aromatic amines with primary and secondary alkyl groups. Many functional groups were well tolerated, providing an efficient approach for drug-like arylamine synthesis.


This paper explores the feasibility of using shadow puppetry as a classroom activity for Korean EFL primary school students. Despite the benefits of...


Concrete masonry walls subjected to blast loadings were analyzed with the explicit dynamic finite element method. The nonlinear material properties, nonlinear contact, large strain, large displacement were considered in the analysis model. The effects on high rise building caused by masonry wall deformation and failure under blast loadings were discussed. The loading time history on high rise building caused by masonry wall failure is presented. The numerical results show the mode of failure of masonry walls is significantly influenced by the strength of blast wave. The induced forces of structures are of triangle pattern, the larger the strength of blast wave, the higher the peak value of forces . The critical shear strength of mortar between masonry wall and the structural members played an important role on the moment of peak forces and the duration of forces.


This report described promising hydrogen (protium and tritium) stripping results obtained with a Pd/zeolite catalyst at ambient temperature. Preliminary results show 90-99+ percent tritium stripping efficiency may be obtained, with even better performance expected as bed configuration and operating conditions are optimized. These results suggest that portable units with single beds of the Pd/zeolite catalyst may be utilized as ''catalytic absorbers'' to clean up both tritium gas and tritiated water. A cart-mounted prototype stripper utilizing this catalyst has been constructed for testing. This portable stripper has potential applications in maintenance-type jobs such as tritium line breaks. This catalyst can also potentially be utilized in an emergency stripper for the Replacement Tritium Facility.


Reflection and transmission at and through a metallic film change the polarization parameters of a beam of light. This implies that the two interfering beams of two-beam interferometers using such film as beam-splitter are different so far as the state of polarization is concerned. It is shown that in the resultant interference pattern there is a periodic variation of the state of polarization along with the periodic variation of intensity. Actual numerical calculations have been made to study the nature and extent of variation of polarization parameters due to the polarizing effect of an aluminium film coated on a glass-plate.


Objective:To focus on the asthmatic pathogenesis and clinical manifestations related to epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)/chlorine ion channel. Data Sources:The data analyzed in this review were the English articles from 1980 to 2015 from journal databases, primarily PubMed and Google Scholar. The terms used in the literature search were: (1) ENaCs; cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR); asthma/asthmatic, (2) ENaC/sodium salt; CF; asthma/asthmatic, (3) CFTR/chlorine ion channels; asthma/asthmatic, (4) ENaC/sodium channel/scnn1a/scnn1b/scnn1g/scnn1d/amiloride-sensitive/amiloride-inhibtable sodium channels/sodium salt; asthma/asthmatic, lung/pulmonary/respiratory/tracheal/alveolar, and (5) CFTR; CF; asthma/asthmatic (ti). Study Selection:These studies included randomized controlled trials or studies covering asthma pathogenesis and clinical manifestations related to ENaC/chlorine ion channels within the last 25 years (from 1990 to 2015). The data involving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CF obtained from individual studies were also reviewed by the authors. Results:Airway surface liquid dehydration can cause airway inflammation and obstruction. ENaC and CFTR are closely related to the airway mucociliary clearance. Ion transporters may play a critical role in pathogenesis of asthmatic exacerbations. Conclusions:Ion channels have been the center of many studies aiming to understand asthmatic pathophysiological mechanisms or to identify therapeutic targets for better control of the disease.


PURPOSE: To easily form a fluorescent screen on the surface of a three- dimensional transparent substrate. CONSTITUTION: A fluorescent ink layer 2 containing oxide-group fluorescent material and acrylic resin binder is formed on the surface of a plane transparent substrate 1 of thickness 2-3mm into a patterned shape with screen printing. Next. The plane transparent substrate 1 is placed on a forming jig 6 which has partially cavities 60. The plane transparent substrate 1 is heated by a heater 7 at 450-500°C for one hour to thermally decompose the organic components of the fluorescent ink layer for removal. A heating temperature is increased to 650-700°C to soften a plane board 1 overlapping with the cavities 60 of the forming jig 6, deform it by dead weight and form recessed areas. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees (RRTs) was a randomized approach proposed in the end of 1990s, which can be applied in robot path planning and virtual reality. This paper establishes and realizes a simulation system for robot path planning based on RRTs. Many experiments on the simulation system show that the expansion of RRTs can be toward unexplored space, and the RRTs can find a path in variant obstacles. The simulation system runs stably, provides suitable operations, and intuitively shows the exploring process.


PATRICIA MCKILLIP, IN HER AUTHOR'S NOTE TO THE CHANGELING SEA (1988), remarks, "The story of the true human child stolen by fairies and a changeling, a fairy child, left in its place is very old and very familiar." McKillip's note draws attention to fairy-tale motifs present in the story, and the novel depends, to a certain extent, on readers' recognition of such motifs and the expectations they create. Like many fairy tales (whether traditional versions or rewritings) and many young adult novels, The Changeling Sea tells the story of the maturation of its protagonist, and by using the changeling motif, McKillip suggests both the confusions and the potential power of adolescent development into adult sexual/romantic and social roles. Despite the pre-industrial setting and patriarchal society of the novel, McKillip does not depict these roles for the female protagonist, Peri, as traditional gender-defined possibilities. McKillip's use of the changeling motif to describe the condition of adolescence, including its awakening to sexuality and desire, represents that awakening within a context that affirms female power and community while deconstructing binary oppositions; as a feminist fairy tale, the novel values female agency as transformative of individual and community. Fairy-Tale Context The Changeling Sea incorporates other fairy-tale elements, but as the title and author's note suggest, the most important is the motif of the fairy changeling. The obvious changeling is Prince Kir, who is repeatedly associated with water imagery: "his eyes [are] all the twilight colors of the sea" (12) and his face is "as pale as pearl, as pale as foam" (12). When he meets Peri, he jokes that he is a stablehand whose "mother keeps sea horses" (12). He declares, two chapters later, "My father took a lover out of the sea.... She bore me and gave me to him" (35). He is a sea-woman's child left in the place of the king and queen's legitimate son--and what happened to that human child and how Kir might be reunited with his mother's people and the land beneath the sea where he belongs forms the novel's main mystery which Peri must solve. Changeling stories have many variations, and McKillip's novel employs and alters a number of common story patterns. For example, Stith Thompson, in his Motif Index of Folk Literature, notes the following motif: "water fairy changeling kept out of water too long, dies" (3: 63). McKillip's evocation of that motif lends urgency to events; Kir's intense desire to return to the land beneath the sea approaches a suicidal impulse early in the novel. He is "not able, any longer, to be too far from the sea" (34), which explains his presence in the king's residence near the fishing village where Peri lives. A few nights after their first encounter, she finds the prince lying in the tide, "face down in the sand," and when she moves him, "Sea water spill[s] out of his mouth" (39). His attempts to return to his mother's kingdom have become increasingly desperate, and only Peri's promise of help prevents him from another doomed foray into the water. McKillip has extended the length of time that the changeling can exist on land, but the novel's conflict requires speedy resolution because McKillip's changeling is ultimately following that water fairy motif. Other motifs that Thompson lists, however, McKillip alters substantially. Many changeling stories depend on tricking the changeling into betraying its age, since the "fairy substitute" left for the human child is often "mature and only seems to be a child" (Thompson 3: 61). McKillip's human and fairy who were exchanged (the sea-dragon prince and Prince Kir) are the same age and in fact have the same human father; both have grown from the babies they were when the switch took place to young men at the time the novel is set. (1) Additional motifs Thompson notes as associated with fairies--particularly those regarding the fairy's ability to carry away humans physically or romantically--appear in McKillip's novel as well, but again with significant changes, as I will discuss later. …


Journal's supplementary data play an important role in data analysis and text mining, which need to be kept in public repositories. This kind of supplementary material will be named HotData. In this paper, we developed HotDataSpider which investigated how to extract, annotate and load these HotData from the 15 international top-cited biomedical journals. As of April 2009, the size of HotData repository is over 420GB (∼28,000 items). HotDataSpider is licensed under Apache License Version 2.0, and is accessible via the website: http://lifecenter.sgst.cn/hotdata/.


In this paper we present Mimir, a new implementation of MapReduce over MPI. Mimir inherits the core principles of existing MapReduce frameworks, such as MR-MPI, while redesigning the execution model to incorporate a number of sophisticated optimization techniques that achieve similar or better performance with significant reduction in the amount of memory used. Consequently, Mimir allows significantly larger problems to be executed in memory, achieving large performance gains. We evaluate Mimir with three benchmarks on two highend platforms to demonstrate its superiority compared with that of other frameworks.


T he Visian ICL (STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA, USA) might have advantages over other add-on intraocular lenses (IOLs), since the anteriorly vaulting shape prevents the attachment of the two IOLs, since the thickness is far thinner than other IOLs, and since the material is made from hydroxyethyl methacrylate and collagen collamer. Until now, there have been several studies on piggyback ICL implantation for the management of pseudophakic ametropia, but all studies were conducted in a single institution with a relatively small sample size (Chiou et al. 2001; Hsuan et al. 2002; Kojima et al. 2010; Eissa 2017; Eissa et al. 2017). Herein, we report the outcomes of piggyback ICL implantation in eyes having pseudophakic ametropia, conducted as a collaborative work of the Japan ICL Study Group. The protocol was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (000029258) and was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Kitasato University. Thirty-five eyes of 28 consecutive patients [10 of men and 25 of women, mean age standard deviation, 61.4 11.7 years, spherical equivalent, 2.79 4.08 dioptre (D)] who underwent ICL implantation as a piggyback IOL at five major institutions (Kitasato University Hospital, Sanno Hospital, Kobe Kanagawa Eye Clinic, Nagoya Eye Clinic, and Sato Eye Clinic) between 2007 and 2017 were enrolled. We performed standard ICL implantation (Kojima et al. 2010). The toric and non-toric ICLs were implanted in 26 and nine eyes, respectively. Preoperatively, 1 day, 1 week, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, we assessed uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction and the vault (from the ICL to the IOL). The target refraction was emmetropia or a similar refraction to that of the fellow eye to accomplish isometropia, which was individually determined with visual simulation. The detailed breakdown of the ICL version was V3 (four eyes), V4b (21 eyes) and V4c (KS-AP, 10 eyes). The number of eyes at each follow-up examination was 30 eyes at 1 week, 28 eyes at 3 months, 20 eyes at 6 months and 16 eyes at 1 year, postoperatively. The visual and refractive outcomes were summarized in Figure 1. The logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) CDVA significantly improved from 0.02 0.25 preoperatively to 0.04 0.23 postoperatively (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.002). Eighteen eyes (51%) showed no change in CDVA, 12 eyes (34%) gained 1 line, three eyes (9%) and two eyes (6%) lost one line. LogMAR UDVA also significantly improved from 0.77 0.42 preoperatively to 0.24 0.38 postoperatively (P < 0.001). In 21 eyes that the target refraction was emmetropia, 66% and 89% of eyes had UDVA of 20/20 or better and 20/40 or better, respectively. About 66% and 91% were within 0.5 and 1.0 D of the attempted correction, respectively. Changes in manifest refraction from 1 day postoperatively to the final follow-up were 0.07 0.77 D. The ICL vault was 1.44 0.35 mm. Of the 35 eyes, one eye (3%) developed a considerable ICL dislocation, possiblydue to zonularweakness after primary cataract surgery. In this eye, the ICL was extracted, and subsequent LASIK was performed. Another one eye (3%) developed posterior capsule opacification of the primary IOL requiring a Nd-YAG capsulotomy. No interlenticular opacification, significant intraocular pressure rise (>21 mmHg), pupillary block, iritis, cystoid macular oedema or other vision-threatening complications occurred. It should be noted that peripheral iridectomy or laser iridotomy was necessary only for conventional ICL (V3 and V4b) implantation, in order to prevent the occurrence of pupillary block. Although the ICL vault is high for phakic patients, it is clinically acceptable in terms of the safety, because the anterior chamber is deep in pseudophakic eyes. A further study is necessary to develop the ICL sizing nomogram in IOL-implanted eyes. In summary, our multicenter study showed that the piggyback ICL performed was good in all measures of the safety, efficacy, predictability and stability, suggesting that secondary ICL implantation as a piggyback IOL is a feasible surgical option for the management of pseudophakic ametropia.


Changes in the normal rhythm of a human heart may result in different cardiac arrhythmias, which may be immediately fatal or cause irreparable damage to the heart sustained over long periods of time. Therefore, the ability to automatically identify arrhythmias from ECG recordings is important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this study, classifier by using associative Petri net for personalized ECG arrhythmias pattern identification is proposed. Association production rules and reasoning algorithm of APN are created for ECG arrhythmias detection. The performance of our approach compares well with previously reported results and could be a part of monitoring system for the detection of ECG arrhythmias.


The invention relates to a method for implementing log information management in a numerical control system. The method comprises log storage operation and log reading operation, wherein in the log storage operation, log entry objects are generated according to the log information and stored in a log cache region, and the log entry objects in the log cache region are periodically written into a log file to implement storage; and in the log reading operation, a log display unit drives a file management unit to read the latest log entry object in the log file and write the latest log entry object into a log source, and then the log display unit reads the log entry objects in the log source. By using the method, lightweight storage and efficient application of a large amount of logs can be conveniently implemented, so that the efficient log information management method is provided for further development of the numerical control system.


The Fe3Al alloy were melted in intermediate frequency induction furnace and solidified in water glass sand.The microstructure,mechanical properties and impact fracture characteristic of Fe3Al alloy were studied.The results show that after heat treatment,the tensile strength of the alloy increases by 49 MPa,the hardness increases from 21.6 HRC to 25 HRC,and the impact fracture toughness decreases;fracture characteristic is intercrystalline fracture in as-cast,it is intercrystalline and transcrystalline mixed fracture after heat treatment.


The volcanic tephra Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) covers most of the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador where problems of mass wasting problems occur. To understand its behavior the Mohr-Coulomb, Modified Cam Clay and Hypoplasticity constitutive models were used to simulate consolidation and triaxial tests; looking for the one closer to real laboratory results. The constitutive models are used into finite element software to simulate the behavior of a soil mass (slope stability, bearing capacity etc.). Shear box, drained triaxial and consolidation tests were made in order to obtain the parameters for the models. The soil must be either saturated or dry, otherwise unsaturated properties are needed. After comparing the results of the constitutive model it was observed that none of them display exactly the real behavior observed in the laboratory. Mohr-Coulomb is the model that is used in all the geotechnical studies in El Salvador and it was the model that showed more deficiencies. Hypoplasticity showed good results in the triaxial tests but deviated from reality in the consolidation results. The results indicate that a different constitutive model and lab equipment are necessary (as TBJ is an unsaturated soil) to characterize the behavior of the soils in El Salvador.


Time consuming Speech Intelligibility (SI) listening tests with human subjects can be replaced by algorithmic SI predictors. In recent years, data-driven SI predictors have been showing promising results. A major limiting factor in the advancement of data-driven SI prediction is that there is a scarcity of SI listening test data available to train the data-driven methods. In this article we propose a data-driven SI predictor that does not require access to an underlying noise-free reference signal, i.e., non-intrusive, and which does not require listening test data for training. Instead, the proposed method exploits a hypothesized link between SI and Speech Presence Probability (SPP). We show that a neural network can be trained on easily obtainable speech in additive noise data to estimate SPP, and that a simple post-processing stage can be applied in order to map the estimated SPP to SI predictions with high accuracy. The proposed method is evaluated and compared to other state-of-the art non-intrusive SI predictors, and achieves the highest performance even in the presence of processed noisy speech, which the SPP estimator has not been trained on.


The exterior square is a homological functor originated in the homotopy theory, while Bieberbach groups with symmetric point group are torsion free crystallographic groups. In this paper, the generalization of the exterior square of a Bieberbach group with symmetric point group is constructed up to finite dimension.


Thisarticle presents adigital signal processing methodensurereproducible results eveninpresence ofnon-stationary designed toobtain utility gridsynchronism. Thismethodisbasedsignals (7,8). onvarying sampling frequency soastogenerate sampling pulses Oneofthesimplest methods toobtain phaseinformation is inphaseandatafrequency multiple ofthemainfrequency. Itis . . suitable forobtaining thereference inon-line powerconverters and zerocrossingp ofteutilty vta ever , formeasuring harmonics intheutility grid. Eventhough itoperates zerocrossing points canonlybedetected atevery half cycle of withavariable sampling frequency, amodelinz-transform spacetheutility voltage frequency andusually theinput signal needs isdeveloped andcontrasted withsimulations. Design equations for analog filtering, thereby rendering thedynamic performance aclose loop controller whichproduces aresponse withnoovershotofthistechnique quitelow(9).As a consequence, the arealsodeveloped herein. synchronization process should beupdated notonly atthesignal


ABSTRACT Nuclear exports were a crucial part of West Germany's nuclear industry. Its domestic market was too small to keep a big nuclear industry alive. But nuclear exports were subject to a nonproliferation regime which West Germany had accepted when signing the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). During the 1970s, there were major quarrels with the United States about West Germany's nuclear export policy and its approach to the nonproliferation regime. Using sources from several German archives, this article examines the nuclear export policy of West Germany and the patterns of justification as a further development of the nonproliferation regime. It is focused on two different cases, the nuclear export to Brazil and to Iran, which are strongly connected and both included sensitive technology such as reprocessing and enrichment. The export cases touch on the issue of further development of the nonproliferation regime, the emerging nuclear world order and broader conflicts about the hegemonic and discriminatory structure of the NPT. The way West Germany handled US criticism of the exports shows West German willingness to shape its own foreign policy and the attempt to gain independence from US dominance, thus contributing to the decline of bipolarism and strengthening middle powers.


Objective To investigate 3 operative treatments and their clinical outcomes for instability of atlantoaxial complex combined with odontoid fracture.Methods From January 2002 to December 2011,54 cases of instability of atlantoaxial complex combined with odontoid fracture were treated surgically in our department.They were 39 males and 15 females,with a mean age of 36 years (range,18 to 55 years).Of them,5 fractures were obsolete and 19 fresh.According to the classification of Anderson-D'Alonzon,30 cases were type Ⅱ and 24 type Ⅲ,12 cases had atlas anterior dislocation,12 atlas posterior dislocation and 30 no obvious dislocation.The preoperative neural function by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) system:grade B in 2,grade C in 5,grade D in 16 and grade E in 31 cases.According to the fracture type and individual status,30 patients underwent internal fixation with anterior odontoid cannulated screws (group A),8 patients had internal fixation with anterior C1-C2 transarticular screws (group B)and 16 patients received internal fixation with posterior C1-C2 screw-rods (group C).Results No intraoperative injury to the vertebral artery or the spinal cord occurred.The patients with atlas dislocation obtained fine reduction post-operation.The mean time of follow-up was 16 months (range,6 to 24 months).All the patients got bony union 3 to 4 months after operation except for the 2 cases in group A who showed nonunion 6 months after operation without clinical symptoms.No instrument failure was found at the final follow-up.According to the ASIA grading 6 months after operation,2 cases were rated as grade C,6 as grade D and 46 as grade E.Conclusions The above 3 surgical treatments are all effective for instability of atlantoaxial complex combined with odontoid fracture.The internal fixation with anterior odontoid cannulated screws should be the first option.Only when it is inappropriate,fixation with anterior C1-C2 transarticular screws and fixation with posterior C1-C2 screw-rods can be taken into consideration.

Key words:
Fascia dentate;  Atlanto-axial joint;  Dislocation;  Fracture;  Fracture fixation,internal


A Wideband, Tightly Arranged DP Massive MIMO (32T and 32R) Aerial Array for 5 G Base Station Application is provided with Very Novel Architecture and Mutual Coupling Analysis. The dual polarization is achieved by placing two chamfered aerial bow-tie dipole elements in orthogonal orientation and being fed with two coaxial cables. The design consists of chamfering the two arms of bow-tie aerials that enhance port isolation to port. The pattern of unidirectional radiation is obtained by placing a metal ground plane at a distance of λ/4. The radiating components are designed for operation at 3.5 GHz. Simulated tests of the expected dual-polarized chamfered aerial bowtie show a sub-6GHz bandwidth (2.84.0 GHz) with VSWR < 1.5. Isolation between the two ports is-27dB and reciprocal coupling is around-25 dB and for both the polarization a gain of 9.1dBi is observed. The aerial overall height is 0.25λ0 and the design is simple and easy to manufacture. This Aerial is thus the most suitable for future 5G BTS implementations.


This paper describes a voltage probe in which the electrooptic Pockels effect is used in the measurement of ultrafast 500 kV pulses. Electrical isolation is provided between the high-voltage and the measurement circuits, and the probe is suitable for use in many applications where more conventional techniques are inapplicable. A special-purpose capacitive voltage divider attenuates the 500 kV to a level acceptable by the crystal of a Pockels cell. The attenuated voltage then modulates light from a laser system passing through the crystal, with the emerging signal being converted into electrical form and fed to a digital storage oscilloscope to provide a very accurate recording proportional to the divider input voltage. Experimental results confirm both the very fast response of the probe and its high-voltage capability.


Author Peng Lian Title Sporting goods market in China: an analysis about its current situation, existing problems and future development Year 2016 Language English Pages 60+3 appendices Name of Supervisor Satu Lautamäki With sports activities emphasized by the Chinese government in the recent years, the sporting goods market has developed rapidly and has been regarded as an uprising market in China. More and more multinational sporting goods enterprises have entered into Chinese market, which improved the overall of this market, but also poses a threat to the local enterprises. Therefore, China's sporting goods retailers have to adopt advanced management concepts to improve and adjust them to survive in such a competitive market. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the current situation of the Chinese sporting goods market, and find its existing problems, as well as give the suggestions for its future development. Since the sporting goods market is one of the branches of retail market, the theoretical part would first introduce concepts of the retail market, which including its definition and history both in international and Chinese aspects. Then the definition about the sporting good market and some advanced concepts in modern sporting market would be presented. After that, the key factors related to sporting goods market would be explained, including the brand, production, logistic, selling, customers' behavior, and operational efficiency. For the empirical part, interviews and a questionnaire are both used to conduct the research. Decathlon is used as the case company to find its advantages in different aspects. In addition, customers' opinions about China's sporting goods market are questioned. The result of the research shows that the current situation in the Chinese sporting market is promising but competitive, full of opportunities and challenges. China's local brands still have an immense distance with foreign brands in many aspects, such as brand promotion, positioning, logistic, marketing tools, and management models. Accordingly, suggestions concerning those aspects are presented at the end of the thesis.


Mole crabs of the genus Emerita are successful colonizers of exposed sandy beaches, in spite of the severity of the physical environment. An adult population of Emerita talpoida (Say) was studied for 2 yr to determine possible changes of its life history pattern as a consequence of its physically severe habitat. Adult populations were sampled in four localities on Bogue Banks, North Carolina, USA, monthly during 1972 and in March, June and September 1973. Size distribution–in spite of some transient differences in the abundance of the larger individuals–was similar at all localities in each month of the year, and underwent dramatic simultaneous changes in spring and summer. The changes in spring resulted from rapid growth of overwintering animals. Changes in summer were produced by the recruitment of new individuals and the death of many large ones. Although size distribution was similar at all localities, significant differences in abundance were found in each month for all sizes except the smallest, suggesting that recruitment was simultaneous and of equal magnitude all along Bogue Banks. In spring, ovigerous females were larger, and carried a greater number of larger eggs. However in summer females were more abundant and produced several clutches. Most recruitment occurred in September as a result of the summer spawning. A greater proportion of females was observed in spring and fall. The spring peak was caused by death of the larger males. The fall peak was caused by a large recruitment of females (63%). When males died in spring, they were about half the size of the largest females observed. No increase in the number of medium—size females was observed in spring. In both sexes the mortality rates were constant, but greater for males, resulting in a shorter life expectancy for the latter. Thus it appears unlikely that sex reversal in males occurs in Emerita talpoida. Survival curves indicate that if sex reversal occurs in this species it would happen at a constant rate in all age intervals. Sex reversal was not observed under laboratory conditions. Life table parameters calculated from data for 1972 indicate that the population has expanded in the recent past, assuming egg production to be independent of density. This result, along with the appearance of larger females in 1973 (which were less abundant in 1972) suggests that in 1972 the population was recovering from mortality probably caused by two hurricanes in the fall of 1971.


In this letter, we propose a new decoding algorithm to improve the bit error rate performance of the hard-input hard-output (HIHO) turbo product codes (TPC) with hard iterative decoding. The proposed algorithm iteratively, but not sequentially, decodes the received TPC blocks based on the reliability of the constituent codes. Simulation results confirm a noticeable coding gain improvement using the proposed decoding process with respect to standard HIHO TPC decoding. An efficient implementation of the new technique offers a negligible additional complexity when the channel-bit error probability is less than 10-2.


The following papers were presented: Road Safety and People -- A State Experience (Vulcan,P); Road Safety in New Zealand (Toomath, JB). The symposium was sponsored by the Australian Transport Advisory Council. (TRRL)


Objective To summarize the clinical experiences in the diagnosis and treatment course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accompanied with peptic ulcer (PU). Methods Through clinical analysis on sex and age,clinical manifestation,illness course and quarter,life and diet,assistant examination,whole nurse,medicamentous treatment of sixty-seven patients with COPD accompanied by PU,authors explored the clinical characteristics and inherent regular pattern of this disease. Results In the COPD accompranid with PU,patients with middle-and old aged hold majority; PU with duodenal ulcer (DU) hold majority; COPD accompanied with PU was easily neglected,miss-diagnosed and was treated by error therapies. Conclusion With regard to middle and old-aged patients of the COPD accompanied with PU,it should be seeing their diagnosis relationship and treatment speciality.


Intelligent reconfigurable surface IRS are becoming an attractive component of cellular networks due to their ability to shape the propagation environment and thereby improve coverage. While IRS nodes incorporate a great number of phase-shifting elements and a controller entity, the phase shifts are typically determined by the cellular base station (BS) due to its computational capability. Since controlling a large number of phase shifts may become prohibitive in practice, it is important to reduce the control overhead between the BS and the IRS controller. To this end, in this paper, we propose a low-rank modeling approach for the IRS phase shifts. The key idea is to represent the IRS phase shift vector using a low-rank tensor approximation model, where each rank-one component is modeled as the Kronecker product of a predefined number of factors of smaller sizes, obtained via tensor decomposition algorithms. We show that the proposed low-rank models drastically reduce the required feedback requirements associated with the BS-IRS control links. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed method is especially attractive in scenarios with a strong line of sight component, in which case nearly the same spectral efficiency is reached as in the cases with near-optimal phase shifts, but with significantly lower feedback overhead.


The thermochemical stabilities of gas phase cluster ions C 2 H 5 +(Sol) n , s-C 3 H 7 +(Sol) n , and t-C 4 H 9 +(Sol) n (Sol = CO 2 and N 2 O) were determined using a pulsed electron beam high-pressure mass spectrometer. The stabilities and structures of those cluster ions were studied theoretically by density functional theory calculations. For the free C 2 H 5 + ion, not the classical but the nonclassical bridged form is likely to be the major component. B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) calculations showed that the classical structure is absent. In the clustering reaction of C 2 H 5 + with Sol, a hydrogen bond type loose complex of the nonclassical C 2 H 5 + with Sol is initially formed, which is followed by the intramolecular isomerization of C 2 H 5 + to the classical structure forming the stronger bond with Sol. Surprisingly small bond energies of 4-5 kcal/mol for s-C 3 H 7 +Sol and t-C 4 H 9 +Sol arise from the hyperconjugation effect of methyl groups.


This article examines the role of property ideologies, and the local contexts in which they were articulated and applied, in shaping English and Irish land law. Despite their shared histories and influences – from the transplant of the common law system to Ireland to traditions of training Irish lawyers and judges in English universities – the politics of property led Irish and English land law down distinct, and sometimes oppositional, ideological paths in the twentieth century. The politics and practices of land tenure, competing economic and property ideologies, and their direct links to the evolution of national identity and statehood in each jurisdiction, shaped the foundational commitments of English and Irish land law. The article traces the complexities of lived experience in regulating the use and ownership of land, as well as the role of global and local forces – from world-system movements (for example, the influence of European political developments in 1937 on the Irish Constitution) or bi-lateral relationships (for example, the impact of the Irish land wars on the English land reform movement, or the ongoing trade dependency between Britain and Ireland into the twentieth century). Our analysis reveals the multiple competing, and at times overlapping, property ideologies that shape property systems; and the powerful role of events and externalities in contextualising the practical, political, social and symbolic meaning and content of the law as it has evolved in local contexts, and in determining whether, and when, the status quo prevails, or a tipping point for law reform is reached.


The vibroacoustics behavior of aircraft‐type stiffened panels is classically analyzed using deterministic methods such as the finite element and boundary element method at low frequencies or energy based methods at higher frequencies. In the present work, a general semi‐analytical method based on modal expansion technique is developed to predict the vibration and acoustics radiation of both metallic and composite flat stiffened panels. Both unidirectional and bidirectional stiffened panels with eccentric stiffeners and various shapes are analyzed using the same matrix formulation. The presented model is also able to predict the response of both regular and irregular stiffened panels. The contributions of the force and moment modal coupling at each beam location are accounted for together with the effect of interaction between ribs in the case of orthogonal stiffened plate. The response to various types of excitations (point force, diffuse acoustic field, and turbulent boundary layer) are presented in terms of their joint acceptance. The model is numerically validated by comparison with the FEM/BEM and hybrid FEM/SEA methods for various configurations and excitations. Excellent agreement is found.


There were 2,049 children who had an initial SS, among whom a new injury was found in 23% (471 children). FUSS were recommended in 50.7% (n = 1,038) of those who had an initial SS, but the FUSS was only obtained in 76.7% of these children. New information was found in 21.9% (n = 174) of FUSS, most of which were new fractures (n = 124). Of those with new fractures on FUSS, the most common were of ribs, long bones, and metaphyseal lesions; 52.4% had multiple fractures. The perceived likelihood of abuse increased in 41 (33%) of these new fracture cases, while the likelihood remained at the maximum value in 51 cases (41%). Findings concerning for fractures on initial SS were determined by FUSS not to be fractures in 55 (6.9%) subjects. An initial negative SS followed by a positive FUSS occurred in 7.1% (n = 18) of cases. The investigators conclude that FUSS are useful in children with suspected nonaccidental injury. They suggest that FUSS may be valu able in cases with a moderate level of concern for abuse.


The long and stable Franco-American diplomatic rapport was undermined throughout the American escalation of the Vietnam War. This paper specifically examines French President Charles de Gaulle's increasing discontent at his ally's involvement in Southeast Asia and analyzes the decisions of successive American presidents to ignore him. Beginning in 1961, with the inauguration of American President John F. Kennedy, the paper proceeds chronologically to 1964, by which point transatlantic relations had worsened considerably as a result of de Gaulle's growing confrontation of the Indochina question. Using archival diplomatic documents from both countries, this paper seeks to explain why the United States government refused to comply with De Gaulle's requests. This papers makes two main conclusions: American policy makers were willfully blind to their ally's suggestions and the French proposal for the neutralization of Vietnam was not realistic. These findings are supported by various policy decisions made leading up to the war, relying heavily on primary sources to demonstrate the failings of both the French proposal and the American willingness to consider the perspective of a crucial ally.


Abstract A "deterministic learning" theory was recently proposed for locally-accurate identification of nonlinear system dynamics with full-state measurements. In this paper, it is shown that for a class of nonlinear systems with only output measurements, locally-accurate identification of the underlying system dynamics can be achieved. Specifically, by using a high-gain observer and a dynamical radial basis function network (RBFN), when state estimation is achieved by the high-gain observer, a partial persistence of excitation (PE) condition can still be satisfied, and accurate identification of system dynamics can be achieved in a local region along the estimated state trajectory. The significance of this paper is that it reveals that the difficult problem in nonlinear observer design can be successfully resolved by incorporating the deterministic learning mechanism.


A Join Index is a data structure that optimizes the join query processing in spatial databases. Join indices use pre-computation techniques to speed up online query processing and are useful for applications which require low update rates. The cost of spatial join computation using a join-index with limited buuer space depends primarily on the page access sequence used to fetch the pages of the base relations. Given the join-index, we introduce a suite of methods based on spatial-clustering to compute the spatial-join. The spatial clustering we employ is based on graph partitioning techniques. For all the methods we derive upper-bounds on the lengths of the page-access sequence. Experimental results with Sequoia 2000 data sets, on a sequential system, show that spatial clustering method outperforms the existing methods based on sorting and online clustering heuristics.


Isn't the whole point to have a voice?" This is the last sentence of a recent essay by Marnia Lazreg on writing as a woman on women in Algeria.1 Lazreg examines academic feminist scholarship on women in the Middle East and North Africa in the context of what she calls a "Western gynocentric" notion of the difference between First and Third World women. Arguing for an understanding of "intersubjectivity" as the basis for comparison across cultures and histories, Lazreg formulates the problem of ethnocentrism and the related question of voice in this way:


Global climate change nowadays is a frequently discussed topic. In Central Europe it brings new phenomena, like more frequent floods and drying up of watercourses. The project "Drying up of streams during climate change" (acronym BIODROUGHT) is focused on drying up of brooks and small rivers (up to the 4th Strahler's order). One of the project's aims is to develop a method of retrospective biological indication of dry episodes based on the analysis of taxonomic and functional composition of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are known for their sensitivity to disturbances, therefore they are often used for bioindication. That is also why we first compared their taxocenoses between permanent and intermittent brooks of the Czech Republic. The dataset used for the comparison consisted of data from (i) a former state monitoring of small watercourses in 1996–2010 (110 permanent sites and 50 sites with at least one known episode of drought) and (ii) an ongoing research within the BIODROUGHT project (2012–2013; 13 pairs of permanent + intermittent sites). In all cases a semiquantitative sample was taken in spring and autumn and all the sites were without an obvious pollution and/or hydromorphological impact. The preliminary results show an apparent impact of drought on mayfly taxocoenoses.


The research explores the negative transfer phenomenon from the Malay Language and the
English Language in the writing of Malay students who are learning the Spanish Language.
The focus of the research is to identify the differences in the negative transfer between Malay
and English Language. The research employs mixed method approach where the researcher
will use basic statistics to calculate the frequency of negative transfer and will provide the
descriptive explanation of the negative transfer. The primary data comprises of 30 essays of
Malay students who are learning Spanish Language level 1. The mistakes of the students in
the essay writings will be categorized according to the types of mistakes adapted from Calvo
Cortes (2005) and subsequently analyzed using the negative transfer classification type
(Odlin 1989). In addition, the data from the questionnaire will be used to investigate the
perception of students towards the usage of Malay and English Language in the learning of
Spanish Language. The findings show that students make more negative transfer from
English compared to Malay and the type of negative transfer that they do most is the verb.
Besides that, student's perception towards language that they use as a reference in Spanish
class is also English. The outcome of the research is expected to capture the interest of
Spanish Language Instructors towards language transfer phenomenon and can be used to
improve the teaching and learning of the Spanish Language particularly in Malaysia.


A substantial fraction of the noise in reduced International Ultraviolet Explorer data is shown to result from limitations of the image processing methods used. An improved method for photometrically correcting spectral images that will be used in the IUE final archive processing software is described. An image processed with this photometric correction software is shown to have not only lower noise overall, but none of the periodic changes in noise amplitude. The improvement that is realized through the approach not only solves a long standing difficulty with IUE data reduction techniques, but substantially enhances the quality of the IUE archive.


Abstract Abstract This study compares the analytically predicted motions of a floating spar buoy platform with the results of wave tank experiments. Results studied include extreme conditions in both the Gulf of Mexico and the North Sea. Base-case predictions combine nonlinear diffraction loads and a linear, multi-degree-of-freedom model of the spar stiffness and damping characteristics. Refined models add the effect of wave-drift damping, and of viscous forces as well. Consistent choices of damping and wave input are considered in some detail. These successive model refinements are generally found to improve agreement with the model test results.


Retinoid acid (RA) is essential for growth, vision, reproduction, embryonic development, epithelial differentiation, and immune response. In addition, carotenoids, lycopene and/or RA and synthetic retinoids have used as agents in cancer prevention and therapy. Beta‐carotene 9′, 10′‐dioxygenase (CMO2) is an alternative enzymatic pathway for metabolizing certain provitamin A carotenoids to produce retinal and RA. Recent data from our lab and others suggests CMO2 also is a key mediator of lycopene metabolism and activity. Hence, this gene may play a role in lycopene sensitivity of tumor cells. These observations prompted us to: (1) characterize CMO2 gene expression in various human cell lines and tissues and (2) determine the expression of predicted CMO2 isoforms and splice variants.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the short-term,high-dose fluvastatin in elderly patients with unstable angina.Methods All 116 cases of elderly patients with unstable angina in our department were treated from April 2010 to April 2012,then were divided into study group and control group randomly and each group were 58 cases.The two groups of patients were given conventional antianginal medication,the study group patients added with fluvastatin 80 mg/d orally at bedtime,and the control group added of fluvastatin 40 mg/d orally at bedtime.The all patients were treated for one month,observed the two groups of the effect of treatment,blood lipids and changes in hs-CRP levels before and after treatment,ischemic event occurrence.Results The two groups had significant difference(P0.05) in the significant efficiency,inefficiency and total efficiency and incidence of ischemic events,the comprehensive treatment effect of the study group was better than the control group.Conclusion The short-term,high-dose application of fluvastatin is effective lipid-lowering of elderly patients with unstable angina with clinical efficacy security and reliable,but its specific applicable dose,using time and security needs further clinical studies.


Vocational college teachers' professional accomplishment is a key factor of talent training quality of higher vocational education.It mainly includes spirit of devotion to work,vocational education consciousness,practical operation skills and education and teaching capability.Presently,there are some problems on the aspects of vocational college teachers' professional accomplishment,and some suggestions are given,that is,insisting on imparting knowledge and educating people and develop the spirit of devotion to work in innovation in the post;Expanding action-oriented and intensifying vocational education consciousness in teaching practice;establishing a post practice system and improving the practical operation skills from training in the enterprise;strengthening the supervision and evaluation and constantly enhancing teaching capability.


Nowadays, multilevel converters are a good solution for power applications regarding the fact that they can obtain high power using mature medium-power semiconductor technology. Among three types of inverter topologies, cascaded multilevel inverter reaches the higher output voltage and power levels (13.8 kV, 30 MVA), and the higher reliability due to its modular topology. Although multi-level inverters generate low harmonic distortion, the output voltage waveform is not accurately a sinusoidal wave. Minimization of total harmonic distortion (THD) is one of the objectives of inverter field researches. On the other hand, reduction of construction costs is the other purposes of power electronics engineering issues. This could be achieved by reduction of some elements of the circuit. Therefore, this paper tries to combine two techniques in order to accomplish better cascade multi-level inverter. First technique produces more voltage steps with less number of DC sources and less number of switches. Second one tries to set the optimum values for DC sources and subsequently voltage steps through Fourier analysis. Finally, techniques would be compared.