Background:
 Benign hematology consultations constitute a sizable proportion of community hematology/oncology practices. There is a need for physicians with adequate training, experience, interest and expertise in evaluating and treating patients with these disorders1,2. Some hematologic issues are complex and require in-person histories and examinations, while others can be handled with advice electronically after a thorough chart review3. To improve the quality of the care provided to these patients, a virtual benign hematology consultative service was created. This program was developed in the setting of a multi-specialty group with a commonly accessible EMR, servicing 15 medical service area centers, each with their own hematology/oncology department. A pilot project was designed to evaluate the feasibility of performing benign hematology consults virtually with the goal of improving quality of care while simultaneously enhancing the expertise of the physicians performing the consultations.
 Methods:
 The setting for this program is a multi-specialty group with a capitated reimbursement model. A pilot project was begun in October 2017 between 2 participating medical centers and was expanded to include a total of 5 medical centers by April 2018. All non-urgent benign hematology consultation requests were submitted electronically through an 'e-consult' portal. Evidence based work ups for common hematologic conditions were developed with consensus amongst all 15 hematology departments and provided on the e-consultation landing pages. All urgent questions and in-patient consults were called in directly to an on-call physician.
 Results:
 Data from October 2017 through April 2018 are reported. During this time, there were 2013 consults submitted electronically for review. Of this, 1107 came under the non-specific 'Ask the Specialist' code, and 906 under a specific diagnosis code. Regarding the consults with a designated diagnosis code, anemia 239 (26.3%), abnormal SPEP 208 (22.9%), anticoagulation 142 (15.6%), thrombocytopenia 103 (11.3%), leukocytosis 73 (8.1%), thrombocytosis 56 (6.2%), erythrocytosis 45 (5.0%), leukopenia 40 (4.4%) were the most common inquires. The requests that came under the 'Ask the specialist' code included questions regarding iron deficiency, easy bruising, macrocytosis without anemia, elevated ferritin levels and an elevated PT/PTT to name a few . Of the 1107 'Ask the specialist' consults, 941 (85.0%) were handled with advice given electronically while 116 (15%) were triaged to an in-person appointment. When evaluating the specific diagnosis codes, 575 (63.4%) were handled with advice given electronically. The most commonly triaged diagnosis for in-person appointments were thrombocytosis (60.7%), leukopenia (50.0%) and thrombocytopenia (47.6%). 90.3% of the consultation requests were addressed within 24 hours. When evaluating the number of consults on each day of the week, there were an average of 32.7, 25.8, 19.6, 24.4 and 18.2 consults triaged Monday through Friday respectively.
 The time necessary to complete an electronic consult was calculated based on data from 7 hematologists with a sample size of 197 consults. It took an average of 14.47 minutes to complete each consultation when performed electronically (95% CI, 14.02 mins - 14.91 mins). This is similar to the time reported by Cecchini et al. in their experience with this program at the VA health system3.
 All referring physicians were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the program, scaling their responses from 1 to 5. When asked if the work-up algorithms were helpful, if the recommendations received were clear and whether it was easy to access the specialist, the weighted average responses were 4.60, 4.50 and 4.0 respectively.
 Conclusions:
 This was a pilot program to assess the feasibility of a virtual hematology consultative service. The initial success of the program shows that it is possible to provide high value consultations to referring providers in an expeditious manner that enhances quality of care by having experts focused in the area perform the evaluation. Patients are also spared a visit to the hematology/oncology clinic to discuss a benign condition, and therefore has the added benefit of reduced anxiety4. Future studies will involve measuring outcomes of patients who were managed virtually, and the effect of the recommendations on the utilization of laboratory tests.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper presents two techniques as well as their combination for optimization of the low side-lobes space-time waveforms: circulating LFM signals. Matched filtering is implemented for the pulse compression. The ambiguity functions of the modified waveforms are analyzed for demonstration of the optimization efficiency. The simulation results show that the proposed techniques decrease the range side-lobes, with no penalty on the signal-to-noise ratio, and restore the range resolution in the beam-formed angular direction where the circulating LFM signal previously had a resonance effect. Typical sidelobe levels lower than -50dB are demonstrated over the whole angular coverage, with an 8 element antenna and 256 length codes.


Summary Polyphenols are one of the most numerous and widespread groups of compounds in the plant world. Nowadays, organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate and diethylether are mainly used for the extraction of polyphenols. These solvents require special process conditions and special care in the disposal of the used solvents. In this paper, the extraction of polyphenols from the model solution was performed using the aqueous two-phase system which contains 80–90 % water and represents low burden on the environment. The aqueous solution of gallic acid (GA) was used as a model solution of polyphenols. The extraction was performed in the aqueous two-phase system containing PEG6000/H2O/(NH4)2SO4 in a macroextractor (V=10 mL) and microextractor (V=14 µL). The influence of the process parameters, the concentration of gallic acid, pH and composition of the aqueous two-phase system was investigated in order to maximize the partition coefficient. The method of multifactor experimental planning was used to optimize the extraction process and the results were statistically analysed using the evolutionary operation method (EVOP). Optimal operating conditions of the extraction process were pH=6.50, aGA=4.50 g/L, the mass fraction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) wPEG=0.1037 g/g and the mass fraction of ammonium sulphate (AMS) wAMS=0.0925 g/g. Under these conditions the maximal partition coefficient of K=5.54 and the extraction efficiency of E=89.11 % were achieved and successfully applied for total phenol extraction from white wine in the macro- and microextractor. Approximately the same partition coefficients and extraction efficiency were achieved in the microextractor within a 60-fold shorter residence time.


From the legendary Yao,Shun,and Yu in Chinese ancient history to the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,there were five most significant cultural evolutions,namely,the evolution in social institutions and material culture from Yao and Shun's days to the early Xia Dynasty,that of ideological culture in the Shang and Zhou times,the wholesome changes in ideology,institutions,material,and conventions and customs in the Spring and Antumn and the Warring Kingdoms days,the great evolution of ideological culture in the Wei,the Jin, the Northern and the Southern Dynasties when Buddhism was introduced in China,and the great comprehensive evolution in ideology,institutions,material,and conventions and customs in the late Qing Dynasty and the early days of the Republic of China.These cultural evolutions all exercised very profound influence on Chinese history and civilization.


Let X, Y be Banach spaces, let A : X → Y be a bounded linear operator. Let T ⊂ X and S ⊂ Y be homogeneous subsets. One can define the nonlinear operator generalized inverse A (h) T,S for the operator A with prescribed range T and kernel S. In this paper, by virtue of the gap between homogeneous sets and the concept of quasi-additivity, we further investigate the general perturbation analysis problems for the generalized inverses A (h) T,S when T, S and A have suitable small perturbations. The results obtained in this paper extend some well known results for the corresponding linear operator generalized inverse. Mathematics Subject Classification: 47A05, 46B20


Rationed feeding of cows by classes allowed to reach stabilization and constancy of technological groups and as a result the yield of milk in technological groups became more level under optimal use of fodder per 1 center of milk (81-91 unit).


The purpose of the study was to obtain castings with increased mechanical properties by low-pressure casting using excess pressure on the crystallized casting. The simulation of the process of filling and crystallization of prototypes using the SPH method was carried out. The studies were carried out on a modernized low-pressure injection molding machine model U8261. Prototypes were obtained from AK7ch alloy, special attention is paid to interfacial interaction and intensification of the heat transfer process due to the application of excess pressure. Based on the data obtained, it was found that during crystallization under excessive pressure there is a supercooling effect that reduces the casting solidification time. The use of the SPH method for modeling foundry processes has shown a high level of reliability and requires further development. KEYWORDS


This report reviews and summarises the existing situation, with respect to the licensing of road freight and the environmental controls on road freight in Britain. The historical development of licensing is reviewed and, in particular, the introduction of operators' licensing in the 1968 Transport Act is examined. The operation of operators' licensing regulations are described and the effects of operators' licensing on road haulage in Britain are analysed. The recent (1978) report of the Independent Committee of Enquiry into Road Haulage Operators' Licensing (the Foster Committee) is reviewed and its conclusions and recommendations examined. At the time of writing, no official government response to this report had been received. Environmental controls on lorries and road freight are reviewed under three headings: (1) measures involving lorry routeing; (2) measures relating to the lorry; and (3) measures affecting the vehicle operating centre. Legislation and its effects under each of these headings are examined and possible future developments discussed. (TRRL)


There is an ongoing struggle in medicine between scepticism and optimism. This debate is moral and philosophical, but, more importantly, it influences the way we gather and interpret evidence. Consider the story of Dr Pangloss, the fictional 'professor of metaphysico-theologico-cosmolo-nigology' in Voltaire's satirical 18th-century novel Candide. Dr Pangloss is remembered for declaring that we live in the 'best of all possible worlds'. Pangloss could find logical explanations for the pain and turmoil he saw around him. No one suffered without a good reason. In the face of healthcare's overwhelming complexity, doctors can also inadvertently resort to assuming our current situation is the best we can hope for. I am defining Panglossian optimism as the unproven assumption that an observed outcome is the necessary outcome. 'All this cannot be otherwise', as Pangloss puts it. Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin famously critiqued the evolutionary biology of their day as Panglossian for assuming that all observed animal traits were evolutionary adaptations, rather than some being incidental occurrences. I see this Panglossian error being made in medicine, as well. In presenting the following examples of Panglossian fallacies, I hope to encourage reflection about how an instinct toward rationalising our traditions and behaviours can limit medicine's progress.


The influence of mean strain on fatigue life was investigated for Type 316 stainless steel at room temperature in ambient environment. Two types of mean strain were simulated in the fatigue tests: constant and increasing (ratcheting) mean strains. In order to apply the constant mean strain, prestraining was induced prior to fatigue tests. Although the stress amplitudes became larger due to the prestraining, fatigue lives were almost the same as those obtained using non-prestrained specimens for the same strain range. Change in the maximum peak stress and stress amplitude due to the prestraining had little influence on the fatigue life. It was shown that the mean strain showed little influence on the fatigue life under the same strain range. The ratcheting mean strain was observed during the fatigue tests under mean stress. The fatigue life was reduced by applying the mean stress for the same strain range. The degree of the reduction was increased with the magnitude of the ratcheting mean strain. It was deduced that the increasing mean strain enhanced the crack mouth opening and increased the effective strain range. It was concluded that the ratcheting mean strain reduced the fatigue life for the same strain range, and the reduction in fatigue life could be predicted conservatively by assuming the crack mouth was never closed during the fatigue tests.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


This article investigates the microstructure of 3D four-directional rectangular braided composites produced by the four-step 1 × 1 procedure. The planar and spatial yarn paths are analyzed systematically based on 3D braiding process. Three different types of microstructural unit cell models are established with respect to the interior, surface, and corner regions of a braided preform. These models truly simulate the microstructure of the braided composites. Furthermore, they are oriented in the same reference frame of the preform cross-section, which coincides with the actual configuration of composites and suits for the analysis of mechanical properties. The mathematical relationships among the structural parameters, such as braiding dimensions, fiber orientation, braiding pitch, the yarn packing factor, fiber volume fraction, are deduced. The calculated results are in good agreement with the measured values of the geometric characteristics of braided composite samples.


An efficient particle-based DNA circuit system for a new colorimetric miRNA assay is designed and devised based on a catalytic disassembly strategy through a target miRNA-triggered DNA circuit mechanism. The new particle-based DNA circuit system shows a rapid color change as well as significant improvement of sensitivity without need for other enzymes or instruments.


The Port of Seattle is currently expanding the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. To assist them in this project, they have enlisted a design-build team that includes Clark Construction; Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM); the Miller Hull Partnership; KPFF; and schlaich bergermann partner (sbp). SOM, KPFF, and sbp are working together to design a bridge for this site. This design effort has included collaboration and debate as the team works together to deliver a successful bridge design for the project.


ABSTRACT
We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with liver metastasis as a recurrence of a pheochromocytoma resected 10 years ago, with a rare germline mutation in transmembrane protein 127, falsely negative on 18F-FDOPA and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans but strongly positive on 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and on 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. Functional imaging has a key role in diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, especially 18F-FDOPA shows very high sensitivity and specificity. However, 18F-FDOPA might be falsely negative in some of these tumors, depending on specific mutations, and thus MIBG or 68Ga-DOTATOC imaging could be an alternative.


With a number of illustrations from the asymmetric reactions conducted in chiral hydrophobic binding sites provided by chiral micelles, cyclodextrins and non-enzyme globular proteins, this research account presents a cross section of recent biomimetic research related to stereospecificity in enzyme reactions.


Accordingly, the invention is a process for the reaction of free hydroxyl groups of polyoxyalkylene glycols and / or polyoxyalkylene glycol monoethers, by reacting at least one polyoxyalkylene glycol or at least one polyoxyalkylene glycol monoether with a base and then alkylated with a halogenated hydrocarbon or acid halide in the presence of a reducing agent or is acylated, wherein the alkylating or acylation reaction in the presence is performed by atmospheric oxygen.


Aiming at the existing defect of poor positioning accuracy in NLOS (Non Line of Sight) environment for most of the common indoor positioning algorithms, this paper proposes a precise indoor positioning algorithm using 60GHz pulse based on compressed sensing. The proposed algorithm converts the location of the target nodes in the area to be located into a sparse vector and designs the over-completed dictionary using TOA (Time of Arrival)-based ranging, then takes advantage of the l1-minimization to reconstruct the location of the target nodes. The algorithm divides the positioning process into coarse positioning and fine positioning, and introduces the reference node selection mechanism in fine positioning. The algorithm not only can achieve the positioning of single target, but also achieve the positioning of multiple targets. Through the theoretical analysis and experiment simulation results, we can conclude that the proposed algorithm using 60GHz pulse can achieve precise indoor positioning in NLOS environment and centimeter-level positioning precision can be obtained compared with TOA based 60GHz geometric positioning algorithm. c ©2016 All rights reserved.


High rainfall in some areas the past couple of weeks has produced another wet spring in Iowa. This leads to questions about nitrogen (N) loss and need for supplemental N application to corn. Unfortunately, this question has become almost the norm I have written approximately 20 articles on the subject since 2007. Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agriculture This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/2489 2/26/2019 Potential Nitrogen Loss 2018 | Integrated Crop Management https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2018/06/potential-nitrogen-loss-2018 1/6 Integrated Crop Management Potential Nitrogen Loss 2018


This commentary depicts the compositional method of the various decorations of folk garments and textiles in Gjakova Highland, reckoning it as a constant interest in the view of their decorative aspect in setting the proportion of the different stripes and patterns.In the domain of Applied Arts, Gjakova Highland is similar to Has.This feeling of joy and the decorative diversity bringing it about opens a world of symmetries, colors, movements and emotional experiences that constitute a system of its own, and also form a powerful unit of representation in regional level, reaching to a national level representation within the specific decorative typology. The abstractive power of these decorations is highly noticed, which shows that the highlander, through his humble life, beyond the simplicity, has wanted and has managed to see the complicated, the possible, aiming to get out of the ordinary by using the ornamental aspect. The interest as regards compositions and spaces where the composing image is to be created is an aspect that implies the distinguishing solemnity and talent of the folk artisans that fused and harmonized the art of composition to the smallest details.


This paper describes possible applications of sensing technology for railroad bridges maintenance, repair and replacement, and identifies potential areas of development of sensing technology towards applications which could be used today by railroad bridge engineers. The novel experience carried out on the field under railroad traffic brings to the table areas of improvement and development. Ideas and suggestions are included on how to develop this potential ready-to-be tool for bridge maintenance and replacement.


The formulas necessary for calculating the accumulated deformations obtained in the process of constrained extrusion of the peripheral region adjacent to the matrix are obtained. To derive the formulas, the general method of plastic flow A. L. Vorontsova. The obtained formulas allow us to determine the deformed state of the workpiece at any point in this area. Further, these formulas will be used to take into account the hardening of the extruded material.


Abstract: Platinum electrodes were implanted into the xylem of a lime tree (Tilia cordata) stem and solar-induced electrochemical potential differences of up to 120 mV were measured during the vegetative period and up to 30 mV in winter. The time dependent curves were found to be delayed with respect to solar radiation, sap flow activity, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A general equation for the potential difference was derived and simplified by analyzing the effect of temperature and tensile strength. The potential determining influence of oxygen concentration on the respective location of the platinum electrode was identified as the principal phenomenon measured. A systematic analysis and investigation of the observed periodic oxygen concentration signals promises new information on sap flow, oxygen diffusion through tree tissues and on oxygen consumption related to the energy turnover in tree tissues.


In the data, Real Exchange Rates (RERs) tend to move in opposite directions with respect to the relative consumption across countries. Chari et al. (2002) refer to the inability of models to replicate the previous stylized fact as the consumption-RER anomaly. In this article, it is shown that an International Real Business Cycle (IRBC) model, similar to the one proposed by Chari et al. but extended by considering nontraded goods and an incomplete asset market structure, can solve the anomaly. Nontradable goods amplify wealth effects arising from the incomplete assets market structure, generating a negative co-movement between the RER and relative consumption. Adding Distribution Services (DS) improves the performance of the model in some other dimensions. In particular, DS help to generate countercyclical net exports.


*Corresponding Author Email: email@example.com The study examined the economic analysis of organic and organomineral fertilizer on the productivity of Amaranthus cruentus in South-western States of Nigeria. Two hundred and forty respondents were selected using multistage sampling technique with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, budgetary techniques and stochastic frontier production. The result shows leafy output/yield of Amaranthus cruentus ranging between 6.5kg and 170 kg for organomineral farmers and 20-210 kg for organic farmers. The farm size was small and ranged between 0.07-0.4 ha for organomineral and organic farmers with the mean size of 0.21 and 0.20 ha respectively. Also results obtained from various profitability ratios showed that organic amaranthus production is more profitable than organomineral amaranthus production. The technical efficiency score showed a mean score of 0.814 and 0.706 for organomineral and organic farmers and sources of inefficiency are education, experience and extension visit.


In this paper is presented a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach in order to qualify and monitor the broadband lines in efficient way. The methodology used for interpolation is the Delaunay Triangular Irregular Network (TIN). This method is applied for a case study in ISP Greece monitoring 120,000 broadband lines. Keywords—GIS loop qualification, GIS xDSL, LLU TIN.


In order to deal with the resources crisis and reduce sintering cost,sintering production test with high proportion of cheap limonite 320m2 sinter plant of Jisteel was carried out,and suitable operation parameters under condition of high proportional limonite and measures for strengthening sintering were probed.On the premise of ensuring the sinter output and quality,the sinter cost was reduced.


Monochromatic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry are used to study the outdiffusion of Zr from the alternate gate dielectric candidate ZrSixOy thin films deposited on Si(100). We find that Zr incorporation into Si from ZrSixOy appears to occur at annealing temperatures higher than 1000 °C. Incorporation of Zr to depths of up to 23 nm into the silicon substrate is observed. A diffusion coefficient of D0∼2×10−15 cm2/s is estimated from the associated depth profiles.


PURPOSE: Cloud service access device, cloud service access method thereof and cloud service access system thereof are provided to access a cloud service using a single client including a cloud plug module corresponding to each service without requiring an exclusive client by cloud service. CONSTITUTION: An input unit (210) receives a request to access at least one of more than one cloud services. A cloud service access unit (230) accesses at least one of the more than one cloud services based on information of a scanning file. A control unit (220) generates the scanning file or updates the already generated scanning file based on the request. The control unit controls the cloud service access unit based on the information of the request and scanning file. [Reference numerals] (210) Input unit; (220) Control unit; (221) Cloud plug module control unit; (223) Data management unit; (230) Cloud service access unit; (231,233,235) Cloud plug module; (240) Imaginary folder storage unit; (250) Display unit; (260) Memory; (270,280,290) Cloud service


Environmental risks on the acquisition of a company in possession of contaminated land; the possible transmission of liabilities from a subsidiary company to a parent company; a comparative study of Belgium, France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, examining the legal framework and the corporate liability regime in each; conclusion that there is an increasing view that soil protection is more likely to be best regulated by effective administrative law than by a system of civil liability.


This dissertation presents a study of hardware and operating system mechanisms to better support existing applications on high-performance machines. First, we describe the Cache Kernel, a supervisor that provides a more primitive interface to hardware facilities than previous designs, to give applications greater control over physical machine resources and provides better fault isolation than traditional designs. We show that it is possible to construct a kernel as a cache of primitive objects; that standard virtual memory, scheduling, IPC, and I/O systems can be built on top of it with low overhead; and that doing so yields greater control with a simpler structure. The simple structure and better fault isolation are particularly important as machines grow in scale. Second, we describe logged virtual memory, a memory system extension that generates logs of memory updates. We show that logged virtual memory can be used to improve the performance of existing systems that perform undo/redo on memory segments, a common function in high-performance database and simulation applications. Finally, we describe Borrowed Virtual Time (BVT) scheduling, a scheduler that provides low-latency dispatch to latency-sensitive threads in a mutually disinterested environment. Low-latency dispatch is important for device drivers, multimedia applications, and graphical user interfaces, and becomes more difficult and more important as a larger mix of applications share a single machine, as commonly accompanies faster processors.


Contradictions may exist when applying significance tests to multiple, partial, and simple determination coefficients. These contradictions are usually the result of multicollinearity among the independent variables and the manner in which it affects these tests. By understanding the manner in which these contradictions occur and under what conditions multicollinearity is desirable, users are able to give a more informed interpretation of significance tests. A clear understanding will ensure the proper treatment and will enhance the effectiveness of econometric applications. INTRODUCTION It is common knowledge that testing the coefficient of determination (R) is equivalent to the analysis of variance test in multiple regression (Ramanathan, 1998). Similarly, testing partial determination coefficient ry(j) is equivalent to testing partial regression coefficients (bj.) (Gustafson, 1961). However, it is not common knowledge among users that contradictions exist when applying various significance tests. Using obvious notation, this article explains these contradictions thereby giving analysts additional insight into the subject matter. An understanding of these contradictions will also enhance analytical and research skills in econometric modeling and in the proper interpretation of the model's output. RESULTS OF SIGNIFICANCE TESTS When testing multiple R, simple r, and the equation's partial regression coefficients, the following results may occur: 1. R and some, if not all, bj are significant 2. Neither R nor any bj are significant 3. R but no bj are significant 4. R is not significant; some, if not all, bj are significant 5. Partial r2 y(j) is significant; its simple r 2 y.j is insignificant Result 1 is the expected result. Researchers and analysts do not engage in model building using unrelated variables. Result 2 should never happen. Given a knowledge of the subject matter, it is highly unlikely to collect data with no variable or combination of variables being significantly related to the dependent variable Y. Southwestern Economic Review 120 Result 3 is caused by multicollinearity among the Xj variables. If one or more of these variables are deleted, many of the remaining variables may become highly significant. An explanation is that no variable is needed (significant) as long as other duplicate variables are in the model. When some of these duplicate variables are deleted, the remaining variables become significant. This is found in the "pork" study published by SAS (1991) — R is significant and all partial ry(j) coefficients are insignificant. When multicollinear (duplicate) variables are deleted, the other variables become significant. This usually happens when the independent variables possess significant simple ry.j coefficients but their relationships with Y are highly duplicated by other independent variables. Thus, multicollinearity can render the independent variables' bj or partial r2 y(j) coefficients insignificant even though their simple r2 y.j coefficients are are significant. Result 4 is extremely rare. It can occur when the X variables are barely significant but negatively correlated with other variables. This can make the combination of X variables which are reflected in R insignificant. It can also occur when synergism among the independent variables causes the partial r2 y(j) coefficients to become significant faster than R. A solution is to obtain a further knowledge of the subject matter and investigate the inclusion of additional variables in the regression model. Result 5. A Significant partial r2 y(j) and an insignificant simple r 2 y.j is the definition of a synergistic variable (Landram and Abdullat, 2002). Variable Xj is only significantly related with Y when used in a combination with other variables. Used alone, Xj is insignificant. Also, synergistic variables produce a multiple R that is greater than the sum of the simple determination coefficients; R2 y.jk > r 2 y.j + r 2 y.k With respect to the frequency of synergism in statistical models, the literature has evolved from Freund's (1988) opinion that "it rarely happens" to Shieh's (2001) research that "it is more common than one thinks". Actually, synergism is fairly common. The probability is surprisingly high that synergism may be found in an economic study with empirical data. By testing both partial and simple determination coefficients, synergistic variables are identified. This enables analysts and researchers to obtain additional insight into the subject matter. It may also generate more questions than answers. This insight is illustrated in the following example.


This book includes an archaeological research process that began in 1971, about pre-Hispanic aesthetic expressions or representations in the territory of Tolima, Colombia, which was marked by several formal projects, sponsored by the Directorate of Scientific Research of the University of Tolima These works are a contribution to the expansion of the relative knowledge of the processes of settlement of pre-Hispanic societies, settled in the territory of the Alto Magdalena River and especially about the production of communication resources of these communities, characterized in the plastic form of engravings and stone paintings, found in different contexts of the Tolima landscape. Likewise, this publication exposes the theoretical difficulties for archaeological exploration and, as a methodological alternative, the criteria and procedures of landscape archeology, which assumes such cultural production as an integral part of the archaeological record, in the historical context of a given region. The set-up of this publication is the conjunction of an inter-institutional effort of the University of Tolima and the University of Ibague, to fulfill in a more effective way with the purpose of disseminating the results of scientific research on the cultural and social facts of the region


In the fight against poverty HIV/AIDS poses a significant new opponent. A family member afflicted with HIV/AIDS can produce economic shock to the entire household. Thus they resort to strategies to cope with this problem like running small businesses and managing income-generating activities. These micro- and small-scale enterprises (MSE) assist the families by offsetting the financial burdens caused by the disease. However HIV/AIDS can also affect the operation of the enterprises further diminishing the ability of their owners in rising from poverty. A survey conducted in Malawi was able to generate two extremely valuable sets of statistics on the direct effects of HIV/AIDS on MSE as well as a better overview of the numbers affected. It revealed that MSE contributes income to about 25% of households and about 15.6% to the gross domestic product. Moreover 12% of firms interviewed mostly from urban low- income areas indicated that the disease had affected them. The most seriously affected sectors are the construction industry followed by services. Lastly 37% of firms showed that they were likely to be affected which means that the percentage of firms affected is more than double the infection rate.


In western society, as in the rest of the world, the vast majority of teenagers mould their identity by reacting to the world around them. However this sense of identity is unlikely in the early twenty-first century to be predicated by religion; music, sport, fashion and choice of friends are the elements by which schoolchildren and students define themselves and, with the notable exception of some members of minority religions, Faith is unlikely to play a major part in their formation of "self'. There is little understanding as to why immigrant Muslim, Sikh or Hindu communities place such a high value on their children remaining within the orbit of the local place of worship, as religion is seen by many of the white majority as a peripheral part of life.


Understanding Pathology. Infection: Man and His Symbiotes. The Stabilisation and Breakdown of Symbiosis Between Man and Microbes. Microbial Factors in Symbiosis and Disease. Phagocytosis. Immunity, Antibodies and Complement. The Formation of Antibodies. Immunodeficiency and AIDS. Hypersensitivity. Auto-Immune Disease. Inflammation. The Systemic Response to Injury: Bone Marrow. The Systemic Response to Injury: Fever. The Systemic Response to Injury: Plasma Proteins. The Systemic Response to Injury: Endocrine and Metabolic . The Systemic Response to Injury: Regulation. Chronic Inflammation. Healing and Repair. Atheroma. Thrombosis and Clotting. Embolism and Infarction/ Oedema. Failure of Body Systems. Cell Degeneration, Dysfunction and Death. Dysfunction of Cells of the Blood. Nutritional Pathology. Pathology Caused By Ionizing Radiation. Ageing. Congenital and Inherited Disease. Genetically Determined Disease. Chromosomal Abnormalities. Congential Malformations, Polygenic Inheritance and Fetal Environment. The HLA System, Disease and Transplantation. Gout, Diabetes and Heredity. Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Atrophy. Neoplasia. The Propertiesof Cancer Cells. Oncogenesis. Genetic Information and Cancer. Viruses and Cancer. Growth Factors, Hormones and Cancer. Chemicals, Radiation, Environmental Factors and Cancer. Immune Mechanisms and Cancer. Epidemiology of Cancer. Psychosocial Factors in Pathology


The optimum size of a new chemical plant is often assumed to be that which involves minimum cost. Some of these cost factors usually taken into account are the market size, the capital and operating cost, and transport costs. In addition to these factors which can limit the optimum size of the plant, the economics of scale (with very large plants) are often less than with intermediate size plants. Also they can become more sensitive to operational breakdowns. As plant size increases, the required buffer storage of products also increases to maintain sales during maintenance or production shutdowns. To reduce the probability of breakdown and loss of production it can sometimes be simpler to have more but smaller production units. Thus storage costs and the costs of not producing may be greatly reduced though at the expense of somewhat increased capital and operating costs. When product storage is not practicable it is usual to have a number of production units to improve continuity of operation. A relationship has been derived giving the probability of not meeting the demand as a function of equipment reliability, the demand level, and the number of production units.


The most common intervention we perform in hospital medicine is measurement of vital signs – pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature. A nurse recording these on a chart at the end of the patient's bed is one of the more powerful images associated with the care one receives in hospitals. Interestingly, much of the current practice surrounding vital sign measurement, such as their accuracy, how they are used and the frequency of measurement, has been the subject of very little research [1]. Our practice is based on a tradition that has remained largely unchanged for over 150 years. The article in this issue of Anaesthesia [2] is one of the first to study the clinical use of vital signs. A randomised controlled trial was conducted comparing continuous and electronically recorded vital sign recording in acute medical and surgical wards with the standard way of intermittently and manually recording them. The measured outcomes included major adverse events such as urgent staff calls and changes to higher levels of care as well as rates of cardiac arrests and deaths. There was no difference – how are we to interpret this? It may be that continuous measurement of vital signs has no impact on patient outcome. A change in clinical state may occur at a rate where manually measuring vital signs once every 4–8 h is sufficient to detect any changes. However, intuitively one would think that continuous monitoring high-risk medical and surgical patients, such as those studied in this publication, may improve outcome. The mortality rate of the studied patients was about 20% – the same as in many Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where we almost always continuously monitor vital signs. One could argue that a higher level of care would have been more appropriate for these patients. The study [2] confirmed the association between poor patient outcome and high levels of abnormal vital signs [3–5], but showed no difference between continuous and intermittent monitoring. The most obvious reason for the lack of difference may be related to the lack of an effective response, once the patient was defined by the vital signs as being at-risk. Mortality rates are extremely low in continuously monitored patients during anaesthesia, not only because of monitoring but because a physician trained in how to interpret and act on the information is continually present. The general wards are a different matter. The response to these patients, even when vital signs are seriously abnormal, is often delayed or in some cases does not occur at all [6, 7]. Even when there is a response, the attending staff often have inadequate skills, knowledge and experience [6]. Whether monitoring is continuous or intermittent, its effectiveness will always be limited by the response to information provided by that monitoring, This is demonstrated in this study where over half of all patients had unscheduled visits by other doctors but the outcome in terms of mortality remained very high [2]. One of the more interesting findings of the MERIT study [8], evaluating the effectiveness of a Medical Emergency Team (MET), was the low rate of response (less than 40%) to patients who had serious vital sign abnormalities as defined by the MET criteria [8]. A rapid response system will obviously not work if the monitoring is not connected to an effective response to the at-risk patient. It would have been interesting to compare continuous and intermittent vital sign monitoring where both had an obligatory response, such as the MET system, whenever predetermined vital sign abnormalities were reached; assuming that the response involved staff trained in all aspects of resuscitation. There are several other factors which may make the conclusions of the study difficult to interpret. The primary outcome consisted of two events – urgent staff calls and a change to a higher level of care – which were both potentially beneficial rather than adverse outcomes. If urgent calls were too late or attended by staff inappropriately trained, it could have resulted in an adverse event but these two outcomes were not necessarily adverse in their own right. In fact, we would expect that a monitoring system which was connected to a rapid response of staff trained in resuscitation may have resulted in an increased number of urgent calls, which in turn would result in a decreased number of potentially preventable cardiac arrests and deaths. The third outcome, cardiorespiratory arrest or death occurring 96 h following randomisation, would usually be considered an adverse event, but a large number of these patients could have been assigned 'do not attempt resuscitation' (DNAR) and therefore the outcome would have been expected and not necessarily an adverse event. It would have made interpretation of the results easier if these patients had been separated from the total deaths. Monitoring vital signs is one way of identifying at-risk patients. However, observational criteria such as a change in level of consciousness, seizures and staff concern about a patient's condition [8] can also predict at-risk patients and may need to be considered together with abnormal vital signs to improve patient outcome. The unscheduled visits by nursing, medical and allied health staff, none of whom necessarily had specific training in advanced resuscitation, may have represented staff concern, one of the other criteria used in many early response systems such as the MET [8]. Rather than adverse outcomes in themselves, these calls may have represented staff awareness that the patients were at risk and, as such, urgently required staff Anaesthesia, 2006, 61, pages 1027–1030 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................


But spaying has been a common procedure in the western states for years. It started in Wyoming and it was a management program. When controlled weight studies were conducted, spayed nonimplanted heifers failed to gain up with the intact nonimplanted. Rupp and Kimberly, in reviewing a lot of the trials, reporting 22 of 27 in the early trials intact heifers average daily gain didn't keep up. Intacts had higher AGs than the spayed mates. Including grazing growing and finishing trials, the intact averaged 7.9% higher and this just follows the experience I was having at that time. Then in 15 trials comparing implanted spays and implanted intacts 13 of 15 showed better gain, average of 1.8 improvement, meant that they picked up the 7.9 plus the 1.8 gain. So implanted reporting to have quite a profound effect on the spayed.


resents a methodology for the planning of investments to generate local development. Describes techniques for data collection and analysis based on a mapping exercise and a questionnaire survey and explains how to present the findings for public debate. Provides guidance on plan implementation, monitoring and impact assessment.


The decreased level of the chemotactical receptor CXCR2 expression is accompanied by the emergence of soluble CXCR2 (рCXCR2) in cellular supernatant in neutrophil activation. The content of рCXCR2, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and α-defenzins (human neutrophil peptides, HNP) has been studied in the peritoneal fluid of patients with acute peritonitis and lavages from abdominal cavity in diagnostic lapascopy for the diseases that are not related to the abdominal organ inflammation (control group). It was shown that the levels of рCXCR2, HNP and IL-6 in the peritoneal fluid were reliably higher in the comparison with the level of the control group in the acute postoperative period of the disease. The positive correlation between рCXCR2 and HNP (r = 0,72, р < 0,001) and IL-6 (r = 0,64, р < 0,05) was detected in the peritoneal fluid of the patients and the lavages from the abdominal cavity of the patients of the control group. We assume that the detection of рCXCR2 in the peritoneal fluid alongside with IL-6 and HNP can serve as an additional diagnostic tool for the early recognition of intra-abdominal peritonitis complications.


Some basic concepts in the theory skill of football were reconsidered and redefined in this paper with methods of proof dialectical logic.The result shows that there exist logical error and fuzzy concept in football technique theory concepts.Therefore,this paper makes definition on concept in the theory of football technique and the football techniquecan be divided into the single skill and combined skill,the basic skill and specific skill,and the essential skill and practical skill.


The identification of subsets adds significant value to a large controlled vocabulary. However, they are potentially difficult to maintain as the hierarchy evolves. A simple scheme has been developed by the UK NHS Centre for Coding and Classification to enable the generation of subsets from a list of instructions. Capturing the intention of the subset creators as a list of instructions rather than as an explicit list of codes is hoped to facilitate maintenance. The scheme attempts to balance expressivity and simplicity.


Preface 1. A Subversive Act 2. The Life of the Body 3. An Alternative Ethic of Care 4. The Body at Work 5. Unmasking Control 6. Unions: Bridging the Divde 7. Critical Care: All for one and one for all


Deformation of volume holograms, such as shrinkage during processing [1], can cause deviation in the angle or wavelength for the Bragg matching condition [2], and aberrations in the reconstructed image. This problem, usually associated with the investigation of holography materials, has received much attention. The deformation models used in the literature are relatively simple, since their target is simple linear deformation. In this paper, we present a generalized theory that can deal with arbitrary deformations. We derived a general expression of the response of a volume grating to arbitrary deformation, using a perturbative approach. We constructed experiments, as shown in Figure 1, to measure the effect of the deformation due to a point-load exerted normally on the surface of a hologram on the diffracted field from both plane-wave transmission and reflection hologram. The experiment results, as Figure 2 shows, are consistent with the theory. Using this technology, we can determine the deformation itself, based on a set of observations of the field diffracted from a known (predeformation) volume hologram.


MANET selects a path with least number of intermediate nodes to reach the destination node. As the distance between each node increases, the quantity of transmission control increases. The power level of nodes affects the simplicity with which a route is constituted between a couple of nodes. This research paper utilizes the swarm intelligence technique through the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to optimize the energy consumption in a dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol in MANET. The ABC algorithm is used to identify the optimal path from the source to the destination to overcome energy problems. The performance of the proposed MBEEACO algorithm is compared with DSR and bee-inspired protocols. The comparison was conducted based on average energy consumption, average throughput, average end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and packet delivery ratio performance metrics, varying the node speed and packet size. The proposed MBEEACO algorithm is superior in performance than other protocols in terms of energy conservation and delay degradation relating to node speed and packet size.


ischemia and cardiac function in patients with ischemic heart failure (IHF). How- ever, complete revascularization is not always achieved in IHF patients under-going PCI. It remains to be elucidated whether residual stenosis (RS) after PCI impacts on the long-term prognosis of IHF patients, and if so, whether the prognostic impact of RS is influenced by left ventricular (LV) systolic function. Methods: In the present study, we examined 1,307 consecutive stage C/D HF patients with a history of PCI [69.5±11 (SD) years; M/F, 851/456, Stage C/D; 1,287/20] in our Chronic Heart Failure Analysis and Registry in the Tohoku District-2 (CHART-2) Study. We divided them into 2 groups according to the pres- ence or absence of RS ( ≥ 75% AHA/ACC classification) at the last coronary angiography. Results: Among the 1,307 subjects, 851 (65.1%) had RS. They were charac- terized, as compared with those without RS, by a lower proportion of female (18.3 24.1%, P=0.01), lower levels of hemoglobin (13.1±1.9 13.5±1.7 g/dl, P 0.01) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (58.4±21.4 63.1±19.5 , of brain natriuretic peptide (34.8–231.2) and more frequent use of beta-blocker renin-angiotensin system blocker (75.9 therapy. testing leads to the of genetic variants in 28–63% of the prevalence and spectrum of potentially pathogenic genetic variants in Spanish HCM patients. A special focus on the role of copy number variants (CNVs) in HCM, whose implication is largely unknown. Methods: Three hundred and eighty-seven unrelated HCM patients were stud- ied. In 84 individuals, Sanger sequencing of the genes MYBPC3, MYH7, TNNT2, TNNI3 and TPM1 was performed. In 303 patients, 25 HCM-associated genes were analyzed by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). A bioinformatic algorithm developed in our laboratory was used for the detection of CNVs in the NGS co- hort. Results: The detection rate for probably pathogenic Single Nucleotide Variants and small insertions and deletions was significantly higher in the NGS cohort than in the Sanger sequencing group (59.1% vs. 40.5%). The percentage of carriers of multiple probably pathogenic variants and carriers of variants of unknown sig-nificance was also higher for the NGS cohort (17.2% vs. 1.2%, and 39.9% vs. 4.8%, respectively). The genes most frequently affected were MYBPC3, TTN and MYH7, and most variants were missense (76.9%). Screening for large rearrange- ments in the NGS cohort revealed that 4 out of the 303 patients had a CNV (2 deletions in MYBPC3 and 2 PLN deletions). Conclusions: Expanding the genetic screening analysis in HCM patients through use of a NGS panel including 25 HCM-associated genes increases significantly the genetic-positive yield, with the added value of detecting CNVs. Background: Periodic repolarization dynamics (PRD) is a novel electrocardio- graphic phenomenon that refers to sympathetic-activity associated low frequency oscillations of cardiac repolarization. Increased PRD has been shown to be a strong predictor of mortality after myocardial infarction. The congenital Long-QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a hereditary arrhythmia syndrome that is associated with increased risk for sudden cardiac death. Previous studies in LQTS demonstrated a strong link between malignant arrhythmias and sympathetic activation, which is particularly present in LQTS1. We therefore hypothesized that PRD may yield prognostic information in patients with LQTS. Methods: We screened 1,001 patients, who were evaluated between 08/1999 and 12/2014 in our outpatient clinic for inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Inclusion criteria consisted of clinically and genetically confirmed LQTS, availability of a 12-lead Holter ECG (Mortara Hscribe, 128 Hz) and sinus rhythm. 103 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, out of whom 36 suffered from LQTS1. PRD was assessed according to previously published methodology and was dichotomized at the established cut-off value of 5.75deg2. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Primary endpoint was the composite of syncope, seizure and resuscitation. In addition to PRD, multivariable analysis included age, gender, QTc ≥ 500ms and betablocker treatment. Results: 38 patients (36.9%) were classified as being symptomatic (32 [31.1%] syncopes, 16 seizures [15.5%] and 11 [10.7%] resuscitations).PRD was signifi- cantly higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic patients in both, the entire pop-ulation (6.82±3.62, deg2 vs. 4.67±2.41 vs.; p=0.004) and patients with LQT1 (8.00±3.78 deg2 vs. 4.39±2.18; p=0.004). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that increased PRD ≥ 5.75 deg2 a strong and independent predictor of pres- ence of symptoms (OR 19.6 [2.8–136.7, p=0.003). Subgroup analyses revealed that predictive value strong Background: Periodic repolarization dynamics (PRD) is a novel electrocardio- graphic phenomenon that refers to sympathetic-activity associated low frequency modulations of cardiac repolarization. Post-hoc analysis from the Autonomic Reg- ulation Trial revealed that increased PRD identifies high-risk patients after myocardial infarction (MI). This is the first prospective validation study (PRD-MI) of the predictive power of PRD in pos-t-MI patients. Methods: We included 455 survivors of MI in sinus rhythm and aged ≤ 80 years. All patients underwent a high-resolution 20-minute ECG recording (2,048 Hz; TMS Porti). PRD was assessed according to previously published technolo- gies and dichotomized at the established cut-off value of 5.75deg2. Co-primary endpoints were 2-year all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable analyses included PRD ≥ 5.75deg2, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35% and in- creased GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) score > 140. C-indices were calculated for models with and without PRD and compared by boot- strapping. Results:


This article examines risk management and moral regulation of private employment of public police (or PEPP). Drawing on a study of 104 North American police departments and analysis of interviews with police and private employers, police policies and procedures, and police assignment logs, we first identify PEPP contexts. We then argue that risk management is as much of as by public police officers. This risk management is sometimes preempted by moral regulation of police officers focused on objects, spaces, and suspect employers and which partially aims to preserve police legitimacy. We then discern four means of managing risk: department-coordinated assignments, officer reporting for superior assessment, private user liability insurance for temporarily hired officers, and opportunistic third-party commercial brokers. The article makes an empirical contribution by exploring risk management and moral regulation of PEPP and a conceptual contribution by lending more understanding to risk management and moral regulation in sociolegal studies.


Scholars pay close attention to the issue whether dynamic capabilities can be the source of competitive advantage in the stra- tegic management domain.Firstly this paper sets up a theoretic analysis framework between core dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage,by transforming the concept of dynamic capabilities into core dynamic capabilities that are more operational.And then we se- lect Zhejiang's software industry as the case for empirical study.After using questionnaire investigation and statistical analysis to test the hypotheses,we draw up the conclusion that core dynamic capabilities impact competitive advantage by reconfiguration functional ca- pabilities.At last some interrelated discussions are made.


Most GNNs for molecular property prediction are proposed based on the idea of learning the representations for the nodes by aggregating the information of their neighbour nodes in graph layers. Then, the representations can be passed to subsequent task-specific layers to deal with individual downstream tasks. Facing real-world molecular problems, the hyperparameter optimisation for those layers are vital. In this research, we focus on the impact of selecting two types of GNN hyperparameters, those belonging to graph layers and those of task-specific layers, on the performance of GNN for molecular property prediction. In our experiments, we employed a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm (i.e., CMA-ES) for HPO. The results reveal that optimising the two types of hyperparameters separately can improve GNNs' performance, but optimising both types of hyperparameters simultaneously will lead to predominant improvements.


An approximate method based on the Taylor series expansion is applied to the calculation of the harmonic distortion of an FM signal by a passive network. The effectiveness of this method is illustrated by application to a tank circuit. >


This study was done to evaluate the quantitative assessment of root damage and repair following placement of miniscrew using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The study group consists of 10 patients, five males and five females with a mean age of 16.2 years (13.5 - 21.6 years). Patients warranting first bicuspid extraction for orthodontic treatment were included in the study the sample size was 40 teeth.
With the guidance of intraoral radiographs and wire guide, miniscrews were placed on the distal side of the first bicuspid. After root contact of premolars, the miniscrews were immediately removed and were observed after a repair period of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. After the respective observation time periods the premolars were extracted and assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental compositional changes were analysed by energy dispersive x-ray analyser (EDX). Teeth were subjected to stereomicroscopic studies to confirm the extent of damaged before subjecting them to SEM studies.
Results of our SEM microphotograph showed that, in the 4 weeks of repair, stress cracks were evident, denuded dentin and cementum was covered by calcified matrix, immature organic collagen fibers were developing in the damaged area. And in the 8 weeks repair, immature organic collagen fibers are tends to mature, stress cracks were still evident during this period. The end of 12 weeks of repair, complete regeneration of periodontal ligament takes place and difference between damaged and undamaged area was hardly noticeable and resorption lacunae was almost completely filled with calcified collagen matrix.
Results of our EDX analysis showed, mean concentration of elements in repaired area were hypermineralized that of adjacent undamaged area, further there was periodically decreasing gradient of calcium and phosphorus concentration, in the ratio between repaired and undamaged area from 4th week to 12th week. Later on in the subsequent 8th and 12th week this hypermineralized surface area progresses to normal mineralization.
The conclusions drawn from the study are:
1. Even though mature collagen fibers are seen at the end of 8th week itself, it takes almost 12 weeks for complete repair of teeth damaged by miniscrew.
2. The mean concentration of elements in repaired area was higher than the adjacent undamaged area in 4th, 8th and 12th week.
3. Initially during 4th week there was hypermineralization in the damaged area, later on during subsequent 8th and 12th week this hypermineralized surface exhibited normal mineralization.


This book on the ritual art of Teyyan and Butaradhane as noticed among some ethnic groups of Kerela and Karnataka brings into focus metaphysical happenings in the life of the people and its reflection in folk tradition. Teyyan is enacted to gain redressal from the spirit The author has tried to describe the performances, in which the performer gets engrossed, totally transformed and transcented to the world of unseen forces of nature, impersonating the Gods by way of theatrical arts and exhibiting his so called divine poweer by uncanny behaviour. The art of ritual paintings, crafts and practices relating to the preparation of thre head gears and the performing arts are well covered in the book. It is complete with annotated glossary of local terms and profuse authentic illustrations.


In this paper, I outline the theory of conceptual metaphor and mention several recent developments in the fie1d. I argue that a focus on conceptual metaphors may take language learners some way towards the development of metaphoric competence in the target language, but that it is equally important for them to develop an awareness of discourse constraints and the relevant lexico-grammatical patterns that signal metaphorical uses of words in the target language. Learners also need to be equipped with appropriate skills that will allow them to deal with metaphor as it emerges in discourse, and understand new metaphorical meanings with which words are imbued by different discourse communities. Although language learners have a natural tendency to process metaphor analytically, drawing on their knowledge of the basic sense of the word, at times they need to be encouraged to focus more on contextual cues, as entirely new meanings can emerge from the blend.


to a particular country. The reviewer was a little perplexed by the inclusion of what is described by the author as an "eclectic" collection of appendices (including the Rome Convention 1980 and the Chinese Maritime Code). These may be intrinsically interesting or, possibly, difficult to find published elsewhere, but it is not entirely clear to the reviewer what real purpose is served by their incorporation as there is almost no annotation or discussion of them. In the most reflective part of the work, Professor Tetley proposes a new methodology to attain a uniformity of conflicts theory This involves finding the "properly applicable law" to any question by use of most real connection together with exceptions, abolishing renvoi, likewise abolishing the distinction between right and remedy, more closely defining public policy and mandatory rules, and using a similar method of characterisation of the issue to Falconbridge's two-stage process. He makes forum non conveniens the lynchpin of this new theory but bolted on at the end of the process rather than facing it squarely at the beginning of a case. This may be fine theory but the reviewer pragmatically expects it to be too time-consuming and expensive to be adopted in practice, where certainty (even if it results in an inappropriate choice of law) is valued above theoretically correct solutions. To an English lawyer it is strange to see jurisdiction discussed at the end of the book and in many fewer pages than choice of law. We are so used this side of the Atlantic to seeing the majority of cases decided solely at the jurisdictional stage that we are in danger of overlooking choice of law aspects. There are petty irritations, for example, the overuse of italicised emphasis which intrudes into many paragraphs, often more than once. Nevertheless, this is a very wide-ranging work, the culmination of much reading around and cogitating over the problems besetting maritime conflict of laws. It contains a great deal which will interest any academic or practitioner in the subject and there is a wealth of references in the footnotes which would be useful to any researcher. The book is therefore a welcome addition to the literature on conflict of laws.


The DA$\Phi$NE $\Phi$-factory is an ideal place to search for forces beyond the Standard Model. By using the KLOE detector, limits on U-boson coupling $\varepsilon^2$ of the order of $10^{-5} \div 10^{-7}$ and on the $\alpha_{\rm D} \times \varepsilon^2$ product have been set through the study of the $\Phi$ Dalitz decay, U$\gamma$ events and the Higgsstrahlung process. An improvement of these limits is expected thanks to the KLOE detector and DA$\Phi$NE upgrades of KLOE-2.


Shell oblong-globose, deeply umbilicated, apex obtuse, whorls 4, upper ones rounded, smooth; last whorl slightly concave and striated at the suture, then rounded. Aperture semilunar, columellar margin thickly callously enamelled at the upper part, umbilicus moderate, with a conspicuous central callosity. Shell white, opaque near the suture. Alt. 26, diam. maj. 24, Apert. alt. 19, lat. 10 mill. Hab. Red Sea (Mr. Ruyssenaers)


Classification is made on the chitinozoans found in Palaeozoic of Lwer Yangtze area, 18 chitinozoans zones are established, of which there is 1 chitinozoan zone in Wufeng Formation of Ordovician system, 6 chitinozoan zones in Gao-jiabian Formation of Silurian, 10 chitinozoan zones in Fentou Formation and 1 in Wutong Formation of Devonian system. Contrast of stratigraphic classification is made on Well Shengke 1 by using the chitinozoan sequences. Five chitinozoan zones are divided in Fentou Formation and Gaojiabian Formation of Silurian of Well Shengke 1.


Between 1812 and 1815, the United States authorized five Treasury note issues. In total, over $36 million in denominations of $3 to $1000 were emitted. The last issue included small circulating notes in denominations of less than $100. Because of the shortage of adequate circulating medium and revenue to conduct the War of 1812, these notes proved to be extremely useful as they were transferable by delivery and receivable for duties, taxes, and public use at par plus accrued interest. They also served as interest-bearing reserves for banks since they were convertible into any kind of money and bore interest simultaneously. The success of the Treasury notes was demonstrated by the fact that they were fully subscribed and accepted by the banks and merchants. In addition, the small Treasury note issues of 1815 indirectly served to increase the circulating medium of the country. They were used to buy goods and services by individuals, pay custom duties by merchants, and acted as cash reserves for banks, preventing bank notes from being discounted. They thus became the first circulating paper currency issued by the United States after ratification of the Constitution.


The complexity and diversity of processing that can be achieved with digital systems is considerably larger than that achieved with purely analogue systems. The high degree of integration that CMOS technologies allow, as well as the low response time, has motivated an increasing migration of signal processing to the digital domain, even in functions that until recently were considered circumscribed to the analogue domain. A typical example is the attempt to digitally process all elements associated with signal modulation and demodulation of signals in wireless communications. Such a procedure, however, places a high pressure on the interfaces with the physical world, which is, by nature, analogue. More than ever are A/D converters required to operate at RF frequency to fulfil the design of a total digital processing. This document focuses on this fundamental aspect of RF A/D conversion, aiming to provide the reader with theoretical and conceptual supporting components and the stateof-the-art that justify the choices taken during the development of the thesis work, which proposes an A/D converter based on a Σ∆ (Sigma-Delta) architecture for mobile communication in the LTE band. The circuit was implemented in a 28 nm CMOS technology using 1.6 GHz sampling rate and 700 MHz IF. With a 1.8 V power supply, 56 dB SNDR is achieved over a 100 MHz bandwidth.


This paper was an attempt so as to study the strategies applied for English translations of Allah"s Attributes of Acts in the Holy Qur'an. Thus, the researchers investigated whether each single translator used similar frequencies of the strategies. To this end, as the corpus of the study, six different English translations of the Holy Qur'an by Asad, Pickthall, Saheeh, Arberry, Hilali & Khan, and Mubarakpuri were selected and analyzed on the basis of a revised version of Chesterman"s (1997) model. The results of descriptive and inferential statistics indicated that each single translator used different frequencies of the strategies while translating Allah's Attributes of Acts. This revealed the translators" preference for some specific strategies.


Prompting critical reflection on the common claim that flowers are always symbolic of female sexuality, the present article intends to explore symbolic roles of flowers in Persian literature and provide examples, mainly from Persian poetry, with the aim of refuting the claim. The writer, in fact, attempts to highlight overshadowed facets of flower symbolism by overshadowing carnal and ignoble readings of it. The reason why Persian literature has come into the focus of this study is that flowers have always had a prominent role in Iranian culture and Persian literature; however, those delving into flower symbolism have never paid due attention to the significance of flowers in Persian literature, otherwise they would have never placed undue emphasis on the sexuality of flowers.


Mars exploration motivates the search for extraterrestrial life, the development of space technologies, and the design of human missions and habitations. Here, we seek new insights and pose unresolved questions relating to the natural history of Mars, habitability, robotic and human exploration, planetary protection, and the impacts on human society. Key observations and findings include: Some of the outstanding questions are: Mars ' evolution Mars exploration and explored area based on the availability of CHNOPS chemistry. Mineral distribution patterns together with organic compounds will enable the identification of putative textural biosignatures.


Aerobraking has proven to be an effective means of increasing the science payload for planetary orbiting missions and/or for enabling the use of less expensive launch vehicles. Though aerobraking has numerous benefits, large operations cost have been required to maintain the aerobraking time line without violating aerodynamic heating or other constraints. Two operations functions have been performed on an orbit by orbit basis to estimate atmospheric properties relevant to aerobraking. The Navigation team typically solves for an atmospheric density scale factor using DSN tracking data and the atmospheric modeling team uses telemetric accelerometer data to recover atmospheric density profiles. After some effort, decisions are made about the need for orbit trim maneuvers to adjust periapsis altitude to stay within the aerobraking corridor. Autonomous aerobraking would reduce the need for many ground based tasks. To be successful, atmospheric modeling must be performed on the vehicle in near real time. This paper discusses the issues associated with estimating the planetary atmosphere onboard and evaluates a number of the options for Mars, Venus and Titan aerobraking missions.


......................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... iii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. ix List of Tables ............................................................................................................... xi 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Mammalian Respiratory System ............................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Structure of the Mammalian Respiratory System ............................................. 1 1.1.2 Protection of the Mammalian Respiratory System ........................................... 3 1.2 The SMGs of the Respiratory System ............................................................................ 3 1.2.1 Temporal Localisation of the SMGs ........................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Cellular Composition of the SMGs ............................................................................... 4 1.3 The SMGs and Airway Disease ....................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Cystic Fibrosis ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.2 Asthma ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3.3 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ................................................................ 9 1.4 Signalling in SMG Development .................................................................................. 10 1.4.1 Wnt/β-‐catenin Signalling .............................................................................................. 10 1.4.2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signalling ............................................................... 11 1.4.3 Ectodysplasin A Signalling ............................................................................................ 15 1.4.4 Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Signalling .......................................................... 17 1.5 FGF Family of Signalling Factors ................................................................................ 17 1.5.1 FGF Ligands ............................................................................................................................ 17 1.5.2 FGF Receptors ....................................................................................................................... 18 1.5.3 FGF Intracellular Signalling Pathway ..................................................................... 21 1.5.4 The Ras/MAPK Pathway ................................................................................................ 23 1.5.5 Downstream Targets of the MAPK Pathway ....................................................... 23 1.5.6 Modulators of the MAPK Pathway ............................................................................ 24 1.6 Branching Morphogenesis ............................................................................................. 26 1.6.1 Branching of the Drosophila melanogaster Tracheal System .................. 26 1.6.2 Branching of the Mammalian Lung .......................................................................... 27 1.6.3 Branching of the Mammalian Salivary Gland ..................................................... 29 1.7 Aims of this Thesis ........................................................................................................... 33 2. Materials and Methods ....................................................................................... 34 2.1 Animals .............................................................................................................................. 34 2.1.1 Animals .................................................................................................................................... 34 2.1.2 Embryo Collection .............................................................................................................. 34 2.1.3 Postnatal Pup Collection ................................................................................................ 35 2.1.4 Adult Collection ................................................................................................................... 35 2.2 Dissection and Preparation of Tissue .......................................................................... 35


The objective of this paper is to examine the importance of the role of state ideology behind the socio-economic policies of post-1977 period in Sri Lanka.  Political party ideology is an important factor in the examination of socio-economic policies of a country.  In the case of Sri Lanka party ideology is often sidelined and state ideology becomes a decisive factor in the understanding of socio-economic policies.  Since independence power has been alternated between the two major parties, the United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP).  These two major parties had different party ideologies, but the ideological inclination did not become a decisive factor in the formation of socio-economic policies in the country.  Socio-economic policies of the two major parties have been guided by two broad state ideologies namely Keynesian Welfare state ideology and the Market-oriented ideology.  The former became the decisive factor behind the socio-economic policies of Sri Lanka during the period 1948-1977 and the latter has become the important factor during the post-1977 era. Sri Lankan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.1(2) Oct 2009


Abstract We establish a correspondence between consistent comprehension schemes and complete orthogonal factorisation systems. The comprehensive factorisation of a functor between small categories arises in this way. Similar factorisation systems exist for the categories of topological spaces, simplicial sets, small multicategories and Feynman categories. In each case comprehensive factorisation induces a natural notion of universal covering, leading to a Galois-type definition of fundamental group for based objects of the category.


Introduction: Mastectomy is a highly traumatic procedure for many women, and mammary reconstruction is a fundamental part of the treatment. Reconstruction has been shown to improve the psychosocial wellbeing and quality of life of these patients, and several techniques and advancements thereof have been described in order to reach the current diversity of modern procedures, whether associated with breast implants or not. This diversity in techniques enables an appropriate selection for each individual case, thus attaining better results. The objective of this report was to present an alternative breast reconstruction method using an upper abdominal flap along with breast implants. Method: A 59-year-old woman had undergone right radical mastectomy and three previous breast reconstruction operations with silicone prostheses, without success. We first performed reverse abdominoplasty with exploitation of an excess right flap used as prosthesis coverage. Two years later, we performed contralateral breast symmetrization using mastopexy with a change of prosthesis. Result: The planned breast volume reconstruction was achieved. Discrete inflammatory signals were observed in the immediate postoperative period, mainly in the upper pole, and treated with corticosteroid therapy for two weeks; this resulted in complete regression of all signs and symptoms. Seroma was aspirated (20 ml) with a syringe on the 15th postoperative day, with no recurrence. No complications, such as epitheliolysis or flap necrosis, occurred. Conclusion: Breast reconstruction with an abdominal flap from reverse abdominoplasty may be an option in a subset of cases, and offers satisfactory results. Introducao: A mastectomia e um procedimento muito traumatico para a mulher. A reconstrucao mamaria e parte fundamental do tratamento para melhorar o bem estar psicossocial e a qualidade de vida destas pacientes. Muitas tecnicas foram descritas e evoluiram ate chegar a atual diversidade de procedimentos modernos associados ou nao as proteses mamarias. Esta diversidade de tecnicas possibilita a selecao adequada para cada caso, oferecendo melhores resultados. O objetivo deste trabalho e apresentar uma alternativa cirurgica de reconstrucao mamaria com retalho de abdome superior associado a protese mamaria. Metodo: paciente de 59 anos com mastectomia radical direita e tres cirurgias previas de reconstrucao mamaria com protese de silicone, sem sucesso. Foi utilizada abdominoplastia reversa com aproveitamento do retalho excedente direito para cobertura de protese no mesmo tempo cirurgico. Simetrizacao da mama contralateral foi obtida dois anos depois, atraves de mastopexia com troca de protese. Resultado: Foi obtido o resultado planejado para reconstrtucao do volume mamario. Discretos sinais inflamatorios no pos-operatorio imediato, principalmente no polo superior, tratado com corticoterapia por duas semanas, com regressao completa dos sinais e sintomas. Aspirado seroma (20ml) com seringa no dia 15o pos cirurgico, sem recidiva. Nao ocorreram complicacoes como epiteliolise ou necrose do retalho. Conclusao: A reconstrucao mamaria com retalho abdominal resultante de abdominoplastia reversa pode ser uma opcao em casos especiais, oferecendo resultado satisfatorio.


In the third and final part of his series on the gender gaps in educational outcomes, Matt Bromley asks why boys outperform girls in maths and science and looks at how we can close the gap


When processing gender-related information, children have difficulty remembering materials that are counterstereotypic or that are associated more strongly with the other sex. We investigated whether encoding difficulties account for these memory problems. Children (kindergarten through Grade 3) were shown pictures of men and women in traditional, nontraditional, or neutral roles. Some children were given stimulus labels at acquisition to simplify the encoding task. Free-recall data revealed biases in the direction of gender stereotypes, irrespective of label vs. no-label conditions (Studies 1 and 2) and of slower vs. faster presentation rates (Study 2)


We use logic-based machine learning to distinguish DNAbinding proteins from non-binding proteins. We combine previously suggested coarse-grained features (such as the dipole moment) with automatically constructed structural (spatial) features. Prediction based only on structural features already improves on the state-of-the-art predictive accuracies achieved in previous work with coarse-grained features. Accuracies are further improved when the combination of both feature categories is used. An important factor contributing to accurate prediction is that structural features are not Boolean but rather interpreted by counting the number of their occurences in a learning example.


CO2 decomposition by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma was studied,and the effects of the process conditions and the porous material on the CO2 decomposition were investigated.The results showed that low gas flow rate,high power,2mm discharge gap distance,small dielectric thickness could enhance the reaction,and the conversion of CO2 and the selectivity of CO could be improved by adding porous material such as silica gel and alumina into discharge interval.


This paper introduces the control of a preheater.The fan is controlled with thyristors.The system is based on ARM and μ C/ OS-II real time operating system.The hardware and software of the system are outlined.


tases has been reported, but it is unknown whether sf-WLRT can be employed to shrink disease and alleviate symptoms, with acceptable toxicity. Herein, we report a man in his early 20s with prior orthotopic heart transplant who presented with locally advanced MCC of the left cheek treated with wide local excision, left parotidectomy, modified radical neck dissection and postoperative radiation (Fig. 1a). Several months later, he developed right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain associated with nausea, vomiting and elevated liver function tests including aspartate aminotransferase of 108 U/L (normal, 10–50) and alkaline phosphatase of 344 U/L (normal, 40–130). Interval positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) revealed 20 new F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid liver lesions. He was ineligible for immunotherapy, given his very high risk of graft rejection, and was started on carboplatin area under the curve 4.5 and etoposide 80 mg/m. PET/CT in December 2018 demonstrated progressive liver disease, but stable disease outside the liver (Fig. 1b). With limited systemic options and the liver being his major site of disease burden, he received palliative sf-WLRT to 8 Gy in January 2019 (Fig. 1c–e). He was treated using deep inspiratory breath hold to limit respiratory motion of the target and thereby limit dose to lungs and heart. His abdominal pain fully resolved in February 2019 and PET/CT demonstrated a partial response in the liver by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, with a single, small focus of residual FDG-avid disease (Fig. 1f). Laboratory tests at the time showed normal liver enzymes and total bilirubin, but his alkaline phosphatase remained elevated at 334 U/L. In May of 2019, he denied recurrent RUQ pain. Interval PET/CT showed a durable liver response, but widespread disease progression outside the liver. He died 2 months later. Palliative WLRT is often underutilized, in contrast to the more frequent use of palliative radiation for brain and bone metastases, due to the misconception that WLRT yields substantial toxicity with minimal benefit. However, a recent phase II trial of symptomatic liver lesions in non-MCC patients treated with sf-WLRT showed improved patient-reported symptoms without major toxicities. Our case illustrates that sf-WLRT rapidly promotes symptom palliation and an objective response on imaging in MCC patients with metastatic disease who cannot receive immunotherapy or have disease refractory to systemic therapy. Furthermore, palliative sf-WLRT may elicit a more dramatic tumor response because MCC is comparatively more radiosensitive than other solid tumors. sf-WLRT may also synergize with immunotherapy because radiotherapy can elicit immunogenic responses by promoting neoantigen release from tumor cells. While the optimal combination of systemic and local therapies in metastatic MCC is an ongoing question being explored in the Alliance Cooperative Group clinical trial, single fraction treatment is very convenient for patients and can be easily interdigitated with systemic therapy.


There have been lots of works on the issue of promoting higher education management which have almost brought up to change the government's function.but how to change it in a specific way and which direction should it be turned to?So few people have involved this field.This text aims to embody the transformation of higher education management function,introducing the innovation of higher education management pattern.


The gentlemen who have preceded me here today have all represented what might be titled the "heroes" of the computer world; the business men of vision who can foresee the coming revolution in business data processing which the modern computer portends, the system engineer who molds this tool into usable and workable forms, and the computer designer who extends the developments of the day to meet the demands set forth by those who would use his equipment. I represent the "low man on the totem pole," the little guy on the end of the chain to whom, when all is said and done, they turn and say, "Well, this is what we want and this is the tool with which you must work. Now make it do something useful. Determine the commands which we must insert in order to put the system into operation." I am speaking of the programmer, the unsung hero of it all, the fellow who makes the whole works go and generally receives no credit for having done so. Possibly it is because the heroes speak in terms of microseconds and the programmer speaks in terms of months, but it seems that fate has surely destined him to become the buck private of the computer world. My purpose, therefore, in presenting this paper is two fold. First, it is intended to indicate how the proposed system might be specialized by instructions to carry out the task of producing desired results. Second, it will serve to demonstrate how the proposed system affects the programmer in the methods which he may use to attain these results.


Objective:To reveal the current use of medication notebooks in clinical practice and the differences in submission rates of medication notebooks among patients with different sociodemographic and medical characteristics. Methods:We conducted a survey of the submission rates by studying the medication history,from June 19,2014,to July 3,2014. Results:The overall submission rate of returning patients was 57.1%and the submission rate of patients who visit a single medical institution was significantly lower than patients who visit more than two(55.4%vs.67.7%,p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression also indicated significant differences between the single and multiple medical institution visit group (adjusted OR=2.74[95%CI:1.93-3.89],p<0.001). Submission rates for patients in their 20,30,and 50 s who visit a single medical institution were lower than 40%. Conclusions:To improve the usefulness of the community pharmacy and increase the submission rate,we need to increase awareness of the importance of medication notebooks among patients who visit a single medical institution. Additionally, future studies need to focus on factors such as age-related issues that might affect submission rates.


A rule-based system for the control and optimization of combustion in multiple-burner furnaces and boiler plants is described. The rules were elicited from energy engineers, coded into Prolog, and tested on the furnace of a continuous annealing line for rolled steel. The performance of one of the rules in particular is focused on and the possibility of its automatic improvement or replacement is addressed. A generic algorithm for learning control rules is introduced and its use in creating rules on simulations of multiple-burner installations is described. The performance of the automatically generated rules is then compared with that of the rule acquired from the experts. It is shown that the particular rule generated for each simulation shows comparable performance to that of the expert-elicited rule. However, the performance of the rule generated over all the simulations simultaneously, is not as good as the expert rule.<<ETX>>


English today is everywhere in our landscape. It appears in every commercial item. People seem to have a strong belief that language has an extra magical power to sell; it contains a powerful mantra to persuade consumers to choose their products. With its extensive use, English marks a kind of global community. This study makes an online survey through Street View in Google Maps to collect data on the use of English in the landscapes, particularly in the area of Simpang Lima, Semarang. This employs a perspective of language ecology questioning the ideology behind the rampant English, dominating our place. Based on the data collected, it proves that English appears the most. English is found on the billboards of automotive, mobile phones, cosmetic products, cigarettes, electronics, online shops, internet-based transportation services, housing complexes/real estate, and cellular providers. English items are equal to Indonesian. In Indonesian ads, English many times is featured to be a tagline. Meanwhile, English ads give no space for Indonesian items. Here, English surely does not symbolize the language of the community. We do believe that Semarang is dominantly occupied by Indonesian people. However, it is proved that English has shown its domination in the space, with no real users in the field. It is there for its commercials effects and association, based on the shared assumption of its prestige, modernity, beauty and power.


A software package called Command Area Decision Support Model (CADSM) was developed to estimate aggregate crop-water requirements and to study management options for irrigated areas. Daily water and salt balances are simulated for individual fields within command areas based on crop type and stage of development, field characteristics, soil properties, possible ground-water contribution, salinity level, and several queuing factors that take cultural practices into account. The water requirements for individual fields are aggregated to estimate the potential command area water requirement, then totaled to determine the potential irrigation system demand. A queuing system is used to allocate available water to command areas and fields. Average crop yield response is predicted considering root-zone water deficit, salinity concentration, and water logging. Daily weather data, including evaporation, air temperature, and reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) can be generated using monthly statistical means an...


The paper is dedicated to studying the contribution of underground image of overhead power lines to the actual electric field strength at a certain point of interest in their immediate vicinity. More precisely, it is about the image of an electric charge; accordingly, an analytical method is developed, allowing as the linear charge density to be calculated based on the effective (r. m. s.) phase voltage and also, the calculation of the electrical potential at the surface of the live conductor. The analytical results were the basis for the validation of some simulations performed with CST Studio and EMFACDC for various power line configurations. An application has been developed to study the influence of soil conductivity and permittivity, the results being compared with the (theoretically) extremes: perfectly conductive and perfect insulator cases. The results showed an increase of about 65% of the electric field strength in wet soil, relative to dry soil. This conclusion is an argument that nuances the rather widespread, superficial approach that, from the point of view of the formation and the influence of electrical charge image in the soil, any soil is a perfect conductor. Finally, a number of achievable recommendations are done, aiming on reducing the exposure to electric fields generated by overhead high-voltage power lines (OhHVPLs).


The present invention includes a silicon-containing (meth) acrylate compound of formula (I), wherein, A is C Compounds are suitable for use in the curable compositions such as peroxide-curable composition or radiation-curable compositions, for example, it may be applied to one substrate as a coating or sealant. Composition containing a silicon-containing (meth) acrylate compounds, adhesives to the substrate is improved, the crosslink density is improved rise and / or hardness, volatility and odor problems can be reduced.


The ability to predict the career of students can be beneficial in a huge number of different techniques which are connected with the education structure. Student's marks and the result of some kind of psychometric test on students can form the training set for the supervised data mining algorithms. As the student's data in the educational systems is increasing day by day, the incremental learning properties are important for machine learning research. Against to the classical batch learning algorithm, incremental learning algorithm tries to forget unrelated information while training new instances. These days, combining classifiers is nothing but taking more than one opinion contributes a lot, to get more accurate results. Therefore, a suggestion is an incremental ensemble of three classifiers namely Naïve Bayes, K-Star, SVM using voting scheme. The ensemble technique proposed in this paper is compared with the incremental algorithms, without any ensemble concept, for the student's data set and it was found that the proposed algorithm gives better accuracy.


The methods of voice fundamental detection used in various research problems are generally governed by the application for which the resulting signal is to be used. For visual pitch displays, the detection method is governed by simplicity and compactness of equipment, and clarity of the derived visual display. By applying the characteristics of (a) the limited range of the fundamental and (b) the limited rate of change o[ the fundamental, the output of the display can be limited to a clear indication of the intonation pattern being produced by the speaker. In order to make use of these limitations, a hybrid logic system that operates on the output of a peak‐detector type pitch extractor was developed. The design of this system will be discussed, and the degree of success of error suppression will be presented in quantitative terms. [This investigation was supported, in part, by a research grant from the Social and Rehabilitation Service, Department of Health, Eduction, and Welfare, Washington, D. C. 20201.]


This paper investigates the robust stability of uncertain neural networks with time-varying delays and Markoian Jump parameters. The norm-bounded uncertainties are included in the system matrices. The constraint on time-varying delays is removed, which means that a fast time-varying delay is admissible. Some new delay-dependent stability criterions are presented by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) approach. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the developed techniques.