Microturbine is one of core devices of small distributed energy supply system. In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of adjustable regenerative microturbine, a mathematical dynamic model has been established by the modular modeling method. Multi-segment lumped parameter model of regenerator with distributed parameter's characteristics has been established. The compared result indicated that three-segment lumped parameter model is a reasonable method to satisfy the requirement of precision and easy calculation. The mathematical model above-mentioned was simulated and calculated on Matlab/Simulink simulation platform and a series simulation tests were performed with the major control variables (fuel input, the quantity of bypass flue gas) step disturbance. The simulation results show that the energy storage of regeneration's wall temperature and the quantity of regenerative flue gas has significant influences on microturbine's dynamic characteristics. The work has important reference value to the optimization of dynamic performance and the control design of the similar unit and its cogeneration system.


The internationalization of higher education in Jiangxi Province is not only the internal requirement of the development of higher education but the actual demands of Jiangxi's economic development. However, quite a few problems are hindering it, such as laggard ideas about education internationalization, low level of staff internationalization, dissatisfying overseas enrollment, poor international cooperation in running schools, small scale of the international exchanges of information and so on. As a result, in order to promote the internationalization of Jiangxi's higher education, some countermeasures should be taken: enhancing understanding, updating ideas and accelerating relevant projects; sorting out relations and perfecting systems according to actual demands; confirming objectives, giving guidance according to different types and developing individuality; improving teaching quality and developing programs; expanding channels and creating conditions in accordance with local conditions.


Despite the seminal connection between classical multiply periodic motion and Heisenberg matrix mechanics and the massive amount of work done on the associated problem of semiclassical Einstein-Brillouin-Keller (EBK) quantization of bound states, we show that there are, nevertheless, a number of previously unexploited aspects of this relationship that bear on the quantum-classical correspondence. In particular, we emphasize a quantum variational principle that implies the classical variational principle for invariant tori. We also expose the more indirect connection between commutation relations and quantization of action variables. In the special case of a one-dimensional system a different and succinct algebraic derivation of the WKB quantization rule for bound states is given. With the help of several standard models with one or two degrees of freedom, we then illustrate how the methods of Heisenberg matrix mechanics described in this paper may be used to obtain quantum solutions with a modest increase in effort compared to semiclassical calculations. We also describe and apply a method for obtaining leading quantum corrections to EBK results. Finally, we suggest several modified applications of EBK quantization. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


S:In this trial,25° wine base from 53° Sanhua-flavor type liquor by lowering alcohol and removing precipitate is flavored with:1)three main flavor substances of Sanhua-flavor type:ethyl acetate,ethyl lactate and β-phenylethyl,which obtains prescription 1 with sensory evaluation value higher than the wine base;2)and further nice fermented glutinous rice wine,which obtains prescription 2 with sensory evaluation value approaching the liquor before lowering alcohol;3)and further alcohol liquor flavor improver,which obtains prescription 3 with sensory evaluation value reaching the liquor before lowering alcohol.Total ester and total acid content in three prescriptions above all reach national top quality standard of Sanhua-flavor type low alcohol liquor.By chemical test,it shows that:1)there is different need for the rate between ethyl lactate and ethyl acetate of Sanhua-flavor type liquor under different condition of other flavor substances,the proportion of ethyl acetate is required larger if lowered alcohol;2)total loss of esters is large,while total loss of acids is little,after lowering alcohol(from 53° to 25°)and removing precipitate.Therefore,adding esters is more urgent than adding acids during flavoring after lowering alcohol.


We present a meta-study of 432 online display ad field experiments on the Google Display Network. The experiments feature 431 advertisers from varied industries and on average include 4 million users and last 20 days. These experiments employ the Predicted Ghost Ad experimentation methodology. Across experiments, we find median lifts of 16% in site visits and 8% in conversions. We relate the baseline attrition as consumers move down the purchase process — the marketing funnel — to the incremental effect of ads on the consumer purchase process — the 'ad effectiveness funnel.' We find that incremental site visitors are less likely to convert than baseline visitors: a 10% lift in site visitors translates into a 5-7% lift in converters. We then examine the carryover effect of the campaigns to determine whether the in-campaign lift carries forward after the campaign or instead only causes users to take an action earlier than they otherwise would have. We find that most campaigns have a modest, positive carryover four weeks after the campaign ended with a further 6% lift in visitors and 16% lift in visits on average, relative to the in-campaign lift.


Process for the recovery of halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers, in particular of inhalation anesthetics, wherein the halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers away from associated gases and permanently or temporarily stored in adsorption filters using microporous sorbents, and more particularly to modified and / or silicon-rich zeolite and be selectively released again for the purpose of cleaning process or exhaust air, characterized in that a distillation using a steam carrier combined with the desorption and to be desorbed sorbent is introduced into a stream of steam, which are expelled to be desorbed substances such as inhalation anesthetics from the sorbent and carried along with the water vapor, wherein the dephlegmation of the ascending gases already leads to a partial condensation and the return of a mixture with high water contents and to passing through a further extraction sorbed a nteile released at halogenated hydrocarbons, the further cooling of the gases to the emergence of a phase-related pre-separated mixture results, which settles in the form of two separate layers as well as the specific lighter water layer is mainly recycled to the evaporation process of the water, resulting harmful products remain substantially in a circuit, and be periodically or arbitrarily removed from the circulation as well as the specific heavier layer of the halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers is supplied to a further use.


The present study aimed to investigate the effect of defoliation frequency (low and high) and water stress (excess or deficit) on biomass production, P and N nutrition, and symbiosis with native soil microorganisms on a Lotus tenuis and Schedonorus arundinaceus co-culture in a pot experiment. Combined effects of defoliation frequency and water stress affected plant accumulated shoot biomass. L. tenuis root biomass decreased in response to defoliation and water stress, while S. arundinaceus root biomass was similar between non-defoliated and defoliated plants, at all water levels. Low and high frequencies of defoliation in a waterlogged soil can be considered the most stressful scenario for L. tenuis and S. arundinaceus co-culture. Colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in L. tenuis roots and dark septate endophytes colonization in S. arundinaceus roots were affected by both factors, whereas arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in S. arundinaceus was affected only by water stress. Both plants tolerated defoliation and water stress due to the interaction between the translocation of nutrients and carbon compounds from roots to shoots, and P and N absorption (plus N2 fixation in L. tenuis).
Highlights:

Both plants tolerated defoliation and water stress due to the interaction between the translocation of nutrients and carbon compounds from roots to shoots, and P and N absorption (plus N2 fixation in tenuis).
Low and high frequencies of defoliation in a waterlogged soil can be considered the most stressful scenario for tenuis and S. arundinaceus co-culture.
Defoliation frequency increased AM colonization in plant roots under well watered and water deficit conditions.
 arundinaceus roots were co-colonized by AM fungi and DSE.
Promoting the presence of tenuis through low defoliation frequency would improve forage yield and quality with the maintenance of AM symbiosis in legume–grass communities.


Objective To study the damage of low density lipoprotein(LDL)on the pancreatic islets of rat in vitro.Methods(1)Wistar rat islets of pancreas were isolated for culture and treated with LDL and with low glucose(2.8mmol/L)and high glucose(17.6mmol/L).Insulin secretions of rat islets stimulated by glucose and LDL were measured by radioimmunoassay.(2)The effect of LDL on the viability of islets was measured by MTT assay.Then the apoptosis of islets treated by LDL was detected by DNA ladder assay.Results(1)No obvious effect of LDL was observed on the islets at low glucose level,while the insulin levels were decreased in rat islets cultured at high glucose.(2)Experiment in vitro showed that LDL can decrease the viability of islets.The apoptosis was detected by DNA ladder assay in cells which had been administered with LDL at high(33mg/L and 66mg/L)concentration.Conclusions An uptake of LDL by islets and subsequent oxidative reactions can result in islets apoptosis,damage the islets function and decrease the insulin secretion.


The investigation was carried out at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar for two years i.e. 2016 and 2017 during June to October. During June, population of larvae of larvae started increasing till September in both years.. However, during Galleria mellonella
October, the number decreased. This pattern of seasonal incidence was same when eight, nine and ten combs were stored in a hive body (chamber). The number of larvae recorded per comb was highest when ten combs were stored in a hive body followed by 9, 8 and 7 combs. During both the years, pupal and adult population in stored combs also increased with from June to September while in October, the cumulative number of pupae and adults decreased. Correlation studies between number of wax moth population (larvae, pupae and adults) in stored combs related to different frame strength with the different weather parameters showed significant positive correlation with maximum RH and maximum temperature, whereas no significant correlation existed with min. temperature, min. RH and number of bright sunshine hours.


Competing theories of consciousness disagree on the role of frontoparietal networks. Here we recorded neural activity from 727 intracerebral contacts in 13 epileptic patients, while they detected near-threshold targets preceded by supra-threshold exogenous cues. Trajectory k -means clustering revealed three patterns: (1) Validly cued seen targets elicit sustained activity in right-hemisphere fronto-temporal regions, connected by superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) II/III, and late accumulation activity in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and in right-hemisphere orbitofrontal cortex (SLF I/III). (2) Invalidly cued seen targets elicit early, sustained activity in the right-hemisphere reorienting network (SLF III). (3) Seen targets elicit late sustained left dorsolateral prefrontal activity. Task modeling with recurrent neural networks supported the causal contribution of these networks to conscious perception, and elucidated their interplay through excitatory-inhibitory mechanisms. We provide new, compelling evidence on the role of hemisphere-asymmetric frontoparietal networks associated with attentional enhancement and reorienting in conscious perception. 8 target onset, all ps < 0.016) and in later, target-related sustained neural activity (160-200ms, 240-300ms, 340-430ms, and 450-500ms post target, all ps < 0.003). The Sustained cluster's contacts were mainly located in the bilateral temporal cortex, the right angular gyrus (AG), and the right PFC, around the central portion of the right superior frontal gyrus. The activity of the third cluster (Late accumulation cluster, 67 contacts) in the post-target period increased over time for seen targets (300-500ms, all ps < 0.005), but there was no significant conscious report effect in the cue-target period. Most of the contacts in the Late accumulation cluster were located in the bilateral PFC, around the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the caudal portion of the right superior frontal gyrus. A fourth cluster (19 contacts) identified fast activity in the cue-target period (-250 to -220ms and -130 to -90ms before target onset, all ps < 0.015), as well as early in the post-target period (170-230ms, all ps < 0.001), that resulted in "seen" reports. This cluster was localized in the right hemisphere temporoparietal junction (TPJ) / IFG. A fifth cluster (38 contacts) showed a late sustained neural activity selective for seen targets (310-450ms, all ps < 0.018). This cluster contains contacts from the left posterior portion of dorsolateral PFC, around the left frontal eye field, and the bilateral posterior temporal area.


Almost 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements and they are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements which are potassium, sulphur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. The remaining elements are trace elements. Thus, most of the mass of the human body is oxygen, and breathing has been the main activity of the human body to sustain all other bodily functions. Let us look deep into this matter. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. A depletion of carbon dioxide can result in chest tenderness and throbbing pain, high or low blood pressure, angina, hypertension and tachycardia. Asthmatics quickly can overcome asthma assaults, by reinstating carbon dioxide levels, which expands bronchial pathways. If the interexchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is done correctly while practicing the correct breathing technique, then it will balance the pH level of the body, the equilibrium gained by this practice will affect the nervous system directly awakening in this way the parasympathetic branch, this will in turn make the mind calm and open, and a sense of well being will ensue. On the other hand, altering the oxygen and carbon dioxide ratios in the blood stream persuades the thought process to slow down. The tempo of the respiration is associated with different moods of bodily activity and different emotional states. Practicing the right breathing technique can get rid from obesity, heart tribulations, hypertension and etc. In addition, it is an enormous support for the physical and spiritual refinement desirable for this path. Exercises, sexual acts or even thoughts and emotional states such as apprehension, distress, irritation, paranoia and so forth, intensify the pace of breath and can change it dangerously. This is why in yoga practices we could see that they will always diligently keep the breath under control. For one to have healthy and motivating experiences in life, it is required to hold and sustain the pranic energy (or Prana) within the body. Prana, also known as the life force, is the ultimate energy form of the universe. In order to retain this energy, one has to be initiated by a realised Guru who has the control over the Pranic energy. Common Yoga teachers can just lead a person to theoretical approaches and gain the most out of the practices taught but not the real ancient yogi's experiences. To attain the real experiences of Yogis, one has to be guided by a Siddha (one who has attained enlightenment) or a Rajayogi (one who has perfected the art of Rajayoga). According to Siddhas, once the pranic energy is sustained by a person only then the path of realising the static dormant energy, Kundalini will be opened wide and can be aroused with the help of the realised Guru. A Realised Guru is defined as, a Guru who possess siddhic powers (the total control over life force energy, 5 elements of life), Divine Wisdom and has attained perfection. Only a perfect Siddha with Divine abilities shall lead a person to the right path of breathing and reveal the secrets behind it. To make it clearer, the Kundalini is a Divine static energy which is dormant at the Muladhara (Root Chakra), at the base of the spine. The pranic energy is all over the body in the form of 3 vital breaths, namely Ida, Pingala and Sulumna, which keeps the bodily functions together. This is why it is impossible to realize kundalini and utilize it correctly without sustaining pranic energy in the body as they are connected to each other. The Kundalini must be awakened by a realised Guru to aid in the path of Self-realisation or God-realisation, whichever chosen by the aspirant.. This is the reason why many misleading facts on kundalini awakening and so on are found because it has not been assisted and awakened under proper supervision of a realised Guru especially the one who has attained complete experience of it. To be truthful, when the Kundalini is awakened after successfully controlling the pranic energy, only then the energy can be utilised to bring forth tremendous changes on human health, wealth and success in life. Not only can a person achieve all the abilities mentioned above but one can also enjoy internal harmony, improved digestion, enhanced sleep, superior memory and concentration. Bad temper and physical exhaustion will in due course disappear.


When Sven Jerring passed away in 1979, he had been broadcasting for more than 55 years. He was the first true announcer; the first radio reporter. For decades, almost all important public events we ...


The final analysis of the open-label, multicenter phase 2 CLL2-GIVe trial shows response and tolerability of the triple combination of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib and venetoclax ("GIVe" regimen) in 41 previously untreated high-risk patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with del(17p) and/or TP53 mutation. Induction consisted of 6 cycles of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax; venetoclax and ibrutinib were continued up to cycle 12 as consolidation. Ibrutinib was given until cycle 15 or up to cycle 36 in patients not achieving a complete response and detectable minimal residual disease (MRD). The primary endpoint was the complete remission (CR) rate at cycle 15, which was achieved in 58.5% (95% CI: 42.1-73.7, p<0.001). The last patient reached end of study in January 2022. After a median observation time of 38.4 (range 3.7 - 44.9) months, the 36-month progression-free survival is 79.9% and the 36-month overall survival is 92.6 %. Only 6 patients continued ibrutinib maintenance. Adverse events of concern were neutropenia (48.8% ≥ grade 3) and infections (19.5% ≥ grade 3). Cardiovascular toxicity grade 3 occurred as atrial fibrillation at a rate of 2.4% in cycles 1-12, as well as hypertension (4.9%) in cycles 1-6. The incidence of adverse events of any grade and ≥ grade 3 was highest during induction and decreased over time. Progressive disease was observed in 7 patients between cycle 27 and cycle 42. In conclusion, the CLL2-GIVe regimen is a promising fixed-duration, first-line treatment for patients with high-risk CLL with a manageable safety profile. Clinical Trial registry: CLL2-GIVe (NCT02758665).


This study was to examine the causal relationships between educational environment service and educational satisfactions among re-employment training institutes trainees. Data were collected from 212 cooks who graduated re-employment training institutes. It is also intended to provide useful information about training for re-employment of cooking schools and vocational schools for cooking. To this end, frequency analysis, factors and reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis were performed using SPSS Statistics 17.0. According to the analysis, t-test regarding martial status showed statistically significant results in all factors except cooking theory classes. ANOVA analysis regarding reason for changing jobs also showed statistically significant results in all factors. Multiple regression analysis for hypothesis testing selected the assumption that training contents of training institutes for cooking affect training service environment and satisfaction with training. In addition, the assumption that training environment service has effects on satisfaction with training was also chosen. Therefore, it was proven that satisfaction with training contents of re-employment training institutes affects training service environment and satisfaction with training, festival program development and research.


High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters are relied upon at the Hanford site to support several different activities. Each facility relies upon the filters to provide the same function; remove radioactive particulate from various air streams. However, HEPA filters are operated in differing environmental conditions from one facility to another and the constituents in the air streams also differ. In addition, some HEPA filters at the Hanford site have been in service for several years. As a result, an assessment was performed which evaluated the service life and conditions of the HEPA filters at the Hanford site.


A kinetic model for autotempering of martensite was proposed and tested on a steel quenching application studied in a previous paper, where autotempering was suggested as being one reason for incorrect predictions of distortion. The model indicated that severe autotempering takes place for the case studied. In terms of total transformation strain relative to the theoretically calculated transformation strain for non-tempered martensite, the final degree of autotempering was calculated as being 30-78% for carbon contents 0.78-0.175 wt-%, respectively. By using the model for the hardened sample case studied, the precision in the FE calculation of distortion was increased.


In this article, by using distributed consensus algorithm, the power compensation problem of network losses in a microgrid is considered with battery energy storage systems (BESSs). At first, the battery storage unit (BSU) is assembled at each node to maintain the power supply demand balance of the microgrid, then the power constraint is considered, which demands each BSU must run between its upper and lower bounds, otherwise, the upper or lower bounds will be used to replace the real power of the BSU. In order to keep the power balance of microgrid when network losses exist, a novel distributed consensus algorithm is proposed to compensate the missing power through the discharging process of BSUs, and the state of charge (SOC) of BESS is also considered. Besides, the case of battery faults is also considered, where the minimum layout point constraint is presented to ensure the completely compensation of the whole transmission losses. Finally, the test results of IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 57-bus microgrid systems are provided to verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method, respectively.


Objective To estimate the prevalence of Color Vision Defects by a population-based survey in a rural Chinese population.Methods Cluster sampling was used to select samples.Residents' sense of color with the color vision plate drawing by Ziping Yu was examined.The associations of Color Vision Defects by age and gender were calculated through multiple logistic regression.Results Among the 11,391 people entered in the project,10,030 were examined(88.05%),and of these 5,162(51.46%)were men.The prevalence of color blindness and color weakness was 1.72%(95% confidence interval CI:1.47%~1.97%)and 1.51%(95% CI:1.28% to 1.74%),respectively.We found that gender was associated with color anomalopia.Of the 251 cases of defective color vision in males,132 cases(2.56%)involved color blindness,119 cases(2.30%)involved color weakness; Of the 73 cases of defective color vision in females,41 cases(0.842%)involved color blindness,32 cases(0.657%)involved color weakness; men had a higher abnormal rate than women.Significant difference was found in the above results according to the statistics.Conclusions The male prevalence of color deficiencies in this area has already fallen down.No significant difference is found in females.

Key words:
Prevalence; Color Vision Defects; Color amblyopia


In this paper the implementation of recurrent neural network models for hand gesture recognition on edge devices was performed. The models were trained with 27 hand gestures recorded with the use of a linear optical sensor consisting of 8 photodiodes and 4 LEDs. Different models, trained off-line, were tested in terms of inference time on several mobile devices. The impact of different network topologies (different number of neurons and layers) and different effective sampling frequency of a recorded gesture on the inference time were evaluated. Inference time tests performed on the most effective of available platforms, Samsung Galaxy S8 smartphone, present that recurrent neural networks trained on unprocessed (raw) data from the gesture sensor (1-layer model) execute faster than models trained on differently processed features (2 and 3-layer models): 374ms vs 765ms and 1048ms for data recorded with 100Hz. Also, the reduction of effective sampling frequency allows to shorten the inference time, e.g., for raw data from 374ms at 100Hz to 115ms at 25Hz. Presented results confirm the usability of low complexity interfaces like linear gesture sensor in mobile devices with limited computational capabilities, which allows to consider such sensors in wearable electronic devices e.g. smart glasses.


I II "" Ill·" '\I "I The Ashtamudy lake forms an important estuarine system in south Kerala. It extends over 19 km in length and 3.3 km in width. The major river that empties in to lake is the river Kallada, with an estimated average annual run-off of about 2140.8 x 106 m3. Prabhakara Rao1 has made a detailed study on the ,<:diments of tL: near shore regions off Neendakara iayamkuJam coast and the Ashtamudy and Yatta (;manes b'Jwever there IS no geochemical !flvc:;tigatlOG (':d:er on th:: sediments ,d, the tidai channel at the fItr mOUlt! for their carbonate content ,liar o~g.. ,;:r contcn; I the: present vestigar"y ;" sc\lirw:nts hlV' been studied (C; ;,ccrt~nn Hl110ng \~~!i-\)USfacfors, \:!Z rate of scdmlcn",uon, carbonaV' secLinellts and biogenic productiVlty were collected using a Van \/e(,;n 1of 150 m. Twelve samples were from flv,;l mc,util and 22 from the tidal channel and s)!'roundmg areas (FIgs 1 and The samples were then;;d'ti;;f for their cohmr, plastiCity, sheli u:':1teni, ec~ "nd were stored in polyethylene covers Lf'ter proper labelling In the lab(iratocy, the samples w<;rewashed with dIstilled water dned In the oven iind total calcium carbonate 2 and the orgamc matter3 content were determined. FractlOns > 63 j1mwere separated by wet sieving and finer fractions by pipette analysis4, Ratios of sand, silt, and day were calculated from the weight percentages ~nd the texture. of the sediments determined based on the proportions of :'.and silt and clay S (Fig. 3), From the sediment distribution pattern (Fig. I), it is obviOUS thai the sediments at the Kallada river mouth area are mainly of clay and silty clay while the samples fmm the tidal channel and the near by areas (Fig. 2) are mainly of medium to fine sands. The Ka!lada flver mouth sediments (Table I) are characten~;ed by a low carbonate content (av. 2.92% by weight). Thl~ low value may be related to high rate of sedimentation and the nature of the substratum. High rate of sedimentallon and fine nature of substratum, in


With the transition to market relations is the process of improving its tax system is in constant motion. This raises the need to find reasonable solutions to reconcile the interests of both taxpayers and the state to achieve the common goal of economic development of the country, including in the context of the financial crisis. When implementing the tasks arise concept of tax risks and determining factors of tax risks, as largely depend on the risk management measures participants of tax relations.


We used ambulatory monitoring to simultaneously quantify body position, bradykinesia, and hypokinesia in 50 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 43 healthy elderly over the diurnal period. Reliable automatic detection of three defined body positions proved possible. Compared to controls, PD patients spent less time upright and more time of their day lying down which correlated well with the self-reported time lying down. PD patients had significantly lower mean values of extremity acceleration and higher mean values of immobility than controls. The objective measures of bradykinesia and hypokinesia showed only a modest or no relation with the semi-quantitative s ubjective Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores, which is most likely was due to differences between the methods. Contrary to bradykinesia, hypokinesia measures showed clear sex differences in both patients and controls. Over time, trunk and arm movements occur more frequently in women than in men. Our ambulatory monitoring assessment disclosed clinically relevant information on the mobility profile and offers a way to simultaneously quantify cardinal movement features in patients with PD across the day. 20 Proefschrift 30-09-2005 14:33 Pagina 20


Water samples were collected especially into sterile containers (4 – litres) at four designated pints (Faculty of Science, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences; Amala Joint and Staff School) within the Lagos State University, Ojo Campus. The water samples were immediately subjected to both chemical and microbiological analysis in order to evaluate the quality status of potable water in circulation within the university and identify its sources of contamination. Levels of iron, calcium and magnesium detectable in the circulating drinking water were far below the WHO recommended limits. However, more potentially dangerous discovery was the level of Coliform contamination which far exceeds the WHO standards. This explains the high incidence of water-borne diseases such as Dysentry, Diarrhea and Typhoid fever within the university population. Meanwhile, other micro-organisms detected were E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, yeasts and moulds. The pH of potable water in circulation falls within recommended limits (6.0-8.0) but fro faculty of arts and social sciences that had pH of 5.5 which suggested a high degree of public health concern. There is the need for adequate changes to be made at points where water distribution systems integrity appeared compromised. The university community is advised to boil water before drinking in order to avoid consumption of unwholesome biological agents in the water distribution networks.


Summary The serum precipitable iodine (SPI). an index of the level of the circulating thyroid hormone, rises in men or women during the administration of estrogen and falls to control values when the estrogen is discontinued.


This article deals with a number of supply chain management (SCM) issues: SCM's "Big Idea" – integration, Divergence of Theory and Practice - the limitations of "hard-wiring", The "Human Chain", The Way Forward – asking the right question?


The self-efficacy for computer use of teacher education students was measured at the beginning of their course and again following a semester in which some students had completed computer courses. At both pretest and posttest the amount of time spent using computers was the factor that contributed most to the variance in self-efficacy for computer use. The influences of other factors such as personal ownership of computers and completion of computing courses appeared to be exerted through effects on levels of use. Strategies are suggested through which teacher educators might seek to increase self-efficacy of students by encouraging computer use.


Recent studies on the cellular synthesis of various glucosides have taught us that in contrast to the catabolism of glucose the anabolic processes require the mediation of uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) T or related nucleotides. 1 2 The biosynthesis of the anabolic mediator, UDPG, proceeds via UTP and G-1-P by means of a specific enzyme UDPG pyrophosphorylase.3' 4 We shall use the term UDPG synthetase instead of UDPG pyrophosphorylase in order to be more explicit about the problem with which we are dealing in this paper, i.e., cellular synthesis of UDPG and of polyglucoside compounds. In the course of our studies on mutants of E. coli K-12, we have encountered a mutant, Gal 23,5a, which by the token of microbiological assays on EMB galactose agar would be classified as a "galactose-negative" mutant. It was found to have only very low capacity to incorporate galactose into insoluble carbohydrate compounds. When cells of Gal 23 were grown on ammonia mineral medium with glycerol as a carbon source, addition of galactose to the medium induced a cessation of growth comparable to that seen in transferaseless mutants.6 Surprisingly enough, enzymatic assays of the enzymes of galactose metabolism' revealed that this galactose-negative and galactose-sensitive strain contained all three enzymes, i.e., K, T, and E. All these observations focused our attention toward a genetic block in the pathway of synthesis of UDPG, especially the enzyme UDPG synthetase. This hypothesis has been fully substantiated as will appear from the present study. Meantime Fukasawa et al.5 described two mutants of E. coli K-12 which they found to be defective in UDPG synthetase. They also reported that these mutants contain no detectable amount of hexose in their cell walls, and that their major cellwall components are heptoses and hexosamines. These observations will be discussed in conjunction with our own findings. Materials and Methods.-The K-12 strains used stemmed from the collection of Drs. E. and J. Lederberg and were generously donated to us. The mating type was generally F-. A few F+ strains were also investigated with respect to their content of polysaccharides, but under the conditions used here, no differences were found. The chemical differences which may exist between the mating types will not be the subject of the present study. The strains used were not lysogenic with respect to X or X gal. The growth conditions used were in general those described previously6 with main emphasis on ammonia mineral medium with glycerol as carbon source. Enzyme assays (see further) were carried out on cell sonicates. D-Glycero-L-manno-heptose used as a standard stemmed from the National Institutes of Health, as a generous gift from Dr. K. N. Richtmyer. D-Fucose was purchased from the K & K Company, and other sugars from Pfanstiehl Laboratories, Inc. Galactose (Sigma Chemical Company) was essentially free of glucose. 1-C-14 galactose stemmed from the National Bureau of Standards. The galactose-1-phosphate (Sigma Chemical Company) used was a dipotassium salt. UDPGal was prepared according to the principle described by Wiesmeyer and Jordan9 with some modifications in the purification procedure, in which a Dowex formate column was used for fractionation; (the generous help of Dr. K. Ebisuzaki is acknowledged with thanks). Radioactive reaction products (Gal-l-P, UDPG, UDPGal), synthesized in the cell or in sonicates by input of 1-C-14 galactose, were spotted on


This work focuses on early development of requests and investigates how and when these illocutionary acts are acquired by Lithuanian children. There are various ways to ask someone to do something. Expression of requests can vary according to the degree of directness depending on social context. These requests indicate communicative competence, development of pragmatics and politeness rules. The key aim of this study was to investigate types of requests and the sequence of those types first emerging in child speech.
The study was based on the longitudinal data of two Lithuanian children, a girl Monika, aged 1;8–2;8, and a boy Elvijus, aged 1;6–2;7. The requests were also analyzed in child directed speech. According to the degree of directness and different types of requests, they were classified into direct (explicit performatives, imperatives, want / obligation statements, prohibitions), conventionally indirect (references to preconditions, hortatives) and non-conventionally indirect requests (hints, warnings).
The results of the study demonstrate that direct requests were acquired first and they were the most common in children's speech and in child directed speech. Firstly, the children formulate requests with nouns, the adverb more, verbs in 2SG imperative, the infinitive and hortative in 1PL present tense, they also use the modal verb want. Later, requests with nouns, infinitive and future tense disappear, the children's requests start to resemble child directed requests. It was noticed that at the end of the second year the children started using formal and indirect requests. At the beginning of the third year, they acquire the basics how to formulate requests. Presumably, other Lithuanian
children could demonstrate similar developmental patterns.


Eosinophilic cholecystitis is a rare entity whose etiology is obscured. They neither have any specific clinical manifestation nor have any laboratory features. The diagnosis is based on histopathology of cholecystectomy specimens. We report a case of Eosinophilic cholecystitis, diagnosed on histopathology of a patient presenting with acalculous cholecystitis with choledocholithiasis and cholecystoduodenal fistula.


A solution to the network allocation problem is an allocation of given operating probabilities to the nodes of a network so as to optimize its reliability. The reliability measure used is the residual reliability of the network, a noncoherent model. The problem is known to be NP-complete for an arbitrary network. We present classes of network topologies that admit solutions to this problem as in the class of star, in "very dense" classes, threshold, and bus and ring topologies.<<ETX>>


ater as a resource is scarce and finite. The uneven supply of this scarce resource in India is causing much concern. There is an increasing gap between the demand and supply of this vital resource. There are significant differences in the economic parameters of its use in industry and agriculture.


Summary: The article studies the new conception of space (spatiality) as a sociodiscursive construction and the application of this notion in literature. The meaning of place is distinguished from those of landscape, territory and abstract space. The concepts of geocriticism (Bertrand Westphal), heterotopia (Michel Foucault) and chronotope (Mikhail Bakhtin) are used to explain the functions of spatiality (Robert Tally) in literature. After referring to various studies on the literary representation of places like the house, the sanatorium or the environment of death, this paper concludes with an analysis of the movie theaters in Catalan literature and, especially, in the poetry of Vicent Andrés Estellés (1924–1993). Keywords: Spatial turn, spatiality, heterotopia, chronotope, movie theaters, Vicent Andrés Estellés


In this paper we derive the equations of collective Thomson scattering (CTS) for an arbitrarily drifting magnetized plasma described by a bi-Maxwellian distribution. The model allows the treatment of anisotropic plasma with different parallel and perpendicular temperatures (with respect to the magnetic field) as well as parallel and perpendicular plasma drift. As could be expected, parallel observation directions are most sensitive to the parallel temperature and drift, whereas perpendicular observation directions are most sensitive to the perpendicular temperature and the perpendicular drift along the observation direction. The perpendicular drift can be related to the radial electric field. Measurements with a spectral resolution better than 0.5 MHz are necessary for the inference of the radial electric field. This spectral resolution and the required scattering geometry are attainable with the current setup of the CTS diagnostic on Wendelstein 7-X.


Background. There are few reports comparing the clinicopathologic features of sarcomas of the aorta (SA), sarcomas of the inferior vena cava (SIVC), and sarcomas of the pulmonary artery (SPA).


To consider the problem of DOA (Direction-Of-Arrival) estimation in coherent environment, the most important issue is to try to eliminate the rank loss of the spatial covariance matrix. In this paper, the influence of coherent signals on the DOA estimation algorithm is analyzed. Then a signal-subspace based ESPRIT-Like algorithm is proposed. In the end, the simulation results demonstrate validity of proposed algorithm.


Descreptions are given of a 2 Mwh, water mioderated and coolcd, U/sub 235/ fueled (up to 10% enriched), research, testing, and isotope production, Russian built reactor. (R.V.J.)


Abstract The use of human eggs and embryos in embryonic stem cell research raises numerous ethical issues and questions. This presentation addresses a range of ethical issues regarding the informed consent of persons who donate embryos for use in stem cell research or who donate gametes (egg or sperm) that lead to the creation of embryos that are donated for use in research. Informed consent refers to the process in which clinicians or researchers obtain permission from patients or potential research subjects prior to doing a procedure or enrolling the person in a study. The presentation will explain the main reasons for obtaining informed consent from persons during different stages of the process of donating gametes and creating or donating embryos for research. Special attention will be given to the local and international guidelines regarding informed consent, to the conditions necessary for obtaining informed consent, and to possible barriers to informed consent.


The effects of different NaCl solutions on the morphological and physiological indexes of Zhuliu plants under sand-cultured were studied.The results showed that,with the increase of NaCl concentration,the height and the stem diameter decreased continuously,and significant difference was observed compared with the control..The leaves of Zhuliu appeared different degrees of dry rot yellowing,and growth vigor recession.And the water content,electrical conductance,MDA content increased gradually.The content of chorophy,proline,soluble sucrose were increasing at first and then declining later,showing regularity changes.The salt tolerant threshold of Zhuliu was deduced as 0.5% and survival threshold was 0.8% by observing visual form and analyzing physiological index.The research provided the scientific basis for exploitation and utilization of Zhuliu in saline-alkali land.


Recent work on the initial-final mass relation for low- and intermediate-mass stars and the mass distrihution of the nuclei of planetary nebulae sets a lower limit on the initial mass of progenitors of PN which is substantially higher than I Me:;. With such a lower limit the theoretical .:stimales of the deathralc of main sequence stars would be consistent with the observ.:d PN birthrate onl~ if the distance scale due 10 Cudworth (1974) were used. A raised lower limit on the progenitor mass also helps explain the low mean distam:es of planetary nebulae from the galactic plane and the paucity of PN in Population II systems.


With the wide application of triazophos in agricultural production, increasing attention has been paid to the contamination of this pesticide to the environment. The studies on triazophos residue and degradation have made certain progress in recent years.This paper gives an outline of micro-organisms degrading triazophos and the possible pathways by which they degrade this pesticide. The reaction kinetics and mechanisms of triazophos hydrolysis and photolysis are also reviewed briefly.


WUMP,ROUS cases of chorionepithelioma have been so far reported, but our excuse for adding yet one more to the literature is the extremely unusual feature associated with the case, the occurrence of multiple secondary deposits in the skin. To our knowledge the only reference to skin secondaries is that reported by Riba (1950). This was the case of a male with chorionepithelioma of the testes, with extensive secondaries at various sites including the skin.


The ultimate test of a relationship is to disagree but to hold hands. ~Alexandra Penney. Pam Allen and I have a few challenges in the argument area lately myself and then I read the quote above, and gave me a few more thoughts.


Electroweak precision tests - a status report, G. Altarelli physics at the Fermilab tevatron proton-antiproton collider, S. Geer the CERN research programme, P. Darriulat accelerator experiments for the next century, P. Darriulat measurement of the solar and atmopsheric neutrino fluxes in Kamiokande, T. Kajita scenarios and signals of very heavy neutrinos, P. Roy unity of force without elementary Higgses, J. Pati cosmology - standard and inflationary, M.S. Turner perturbations in the smooth universe, R.K. Schaefer COBE and cosmology, C.H. Lineweaver physics of black holes, S.P. de Alwis supersymmetry and inflation, Q. Shafi.


Polyscias fruticosa is an herbal plant having a myriad of medicinal purposes, especially in antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different extraction conditions on the polyphenol, flavonoids content extraction and antioxidant activity of the Polyscias fruticosa root extract. DPPH and ABTS methods were employed to measure free radical scavenging activities. The total polyphenol, flavonoids content was calculated by gallic acid and quercetin equivalent, respectively. The absorbance is measured by using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The results shows that the conditions in which the highest extraction yield was attained consisted of 90% ethanol, the ratio between material and ethanol of 1:20 g/mL, extraction time of 3 hours and extraction temperature of 30°C. This extract showed the highest polyphenol content (96,09 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg) and the highest flavonoid content (58,30 μg quercetin equivalent/mg of dry extract). Moreover, DPPH and ABTS antioxidants activity results showed that Polyscias fruticosa root extracts exhibited the IC50 value of 96,14 μg/mL and 38,76 μg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that Polyscias fruticosa roots can be used in dietary applications with the potential to reduce oxidative stress.


In this study, the computer simulation of an automatic guided vehicle, which moves over a geometric track, carrying load in factory automation and warehouses is realized. Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) is used for the track control of the vehicle. The track can be of desired length and geometric structure with constant width and dark color constraints. Using the values of three optical sensors as input to FNN, it was possible to move the vehicle on the desired track. 1. Giris


Abstract Objective The objective of this case study was to review the effectiveness of manipulative therapy in the treatment of long-standing foot pain. Methods A retrospective review on the treatment of a single subject with a 5-year history of foot pain. Pressure threshold meter testing was used to assess the changes in joint function at each treatment. Results Using algometric pressure threshold measurement, a starting threshold of 1 kg was raised to 7.4 kg over a 2-month period and maintained at this level at a 3-month follow-up. Over the same period, the subject has gone from having constant, debilitating foot pain to being completely pain free. Conclusion This case suggests that manipulative therapy may be a valid approach in the treatment of foot pain. Such intervention receives some support from the literature and warrants further research.


Reflectivity and transmission measurements on CaF/sub 2/ SrF/sub 2/, and BaF/sub 2/ are studied to obtain information on the lattice vibrations. The reflection band in each material is analyzed with classical dispersion theory. In order to fit the data, it is necessary to use one strong and one weak resonance in each case. The strong resonance is identified as the transverse optical mode of vibration for zero wave vector, and is at 38.9, 46.1, and 54.3 mu for CaF/sub 2/, SrF/sub 2/, and BaF/sub 2/ respectively. The long-wavelength value for the dielectric constant obtained from the optical measurements is in disagreement with the accepted value for SrF/sub 2/ obtained from capacity measurements. Capacity measurements are made, and show the accepted value for SrF/sub 2/ to be in error. The transverse optical-mode frequencies are shown to agree with the spacing of some of the satellite lines in the emission spectrum of Sm/sup ++/ in these fluorides. (auth)


of Thesis The prolonged and continuous occupation and settlement history of Qohaito, yet not a single written record like inscription been discovered, left archaeologists and anthropologists with no clue to establish chronological outline of the at least three-millennia-long occupation of the site. Despite the rich and diverse archaeological remains found in the site and the early discovery of the site by the end of 19 century, Qohaito remains one of the least known archaeological and ethnographic site in the region. Most previous anthropological and archaeological researches carried out in the site came up with preliminary and basic analysis, and sometimes decontextualize the archaeological remains by focusing only on arbitrarily selected material remains; such as rock art, temple or podium buildings. This research pioneers a different approach of studying the origin and development of settlements, and rise of complex communities in the plateau and nearby villages. Based on ethnographic, archaeological, ecological and ethnohistorical data of the contemporary occupation of the Qohaito Plateau and Nabagade Valley, this research seeks to reconstruct the cultural process of the formation and spread of sedentary villages in down streaming way. The 400-years long history of Feqat Harak minimal lineage occupation in the plateau and adjacent valley establishes the last chapter in the chronological scheme of settlement history of the plateau. The research employed variety of data collection and analysis methods, such a conjunctive technique and holistic systems approach, to devise a multivariate qualitative and quantitative analysis of the process of sedentary village formation and expansion. A tri-facet conceptual and analytical variables was eventually formulated by systematically integrating lineage, house and community paradigms, and in due course they became structured in a complementary formula. Besides multivariate analysis of the process of formation and spread of sedentary villages, the research also pursues dialogue among these concepts and analytical variables to propose a symbiotic and mutual constitution of them in anthropological and archaeological researches. Research findings leads to a conclusion that the spread of Feqat Harak sedentary villages in Nabagade Valley, and eventually to Qohaito Plateau is the result of complex and intricate socio-natural processes; chiefly governed by rapid lineage segmentations, subsistence changes, environmental change and catastrophes, inter-community interaction within and outside lineage group, and colonial entanglement and regional political situation. The process of settlement expansion is divided into four phases described as 'Early Andal', 'Expansion in the Valley', 'Valley to Plateau Expansion', and 'Dispersal and Aftermath'. The research went deeply into the third phase where the Feqat Harak settlement penetrated into Qohaito Plateau, a historical phenomenon that can be described as 'modern repopulation of the plateau' by sedentary agro-pastoral communities. The inner causes behind this historical event were mostly non-kinship factors related with the environmental disaster that occurred at the end of 19 century and the emergence of bilateral, one-to-one oriented, bi-ethnic inter-community interaction. Three pairs of bi-ethnic (between Saho and Tigrinya) inter-community relationship evolved that drove the process of modern day sedentary villages in the plateau; Tekonda'e-Feqat Harak, Asa Lesan-Aret, and Dassamo-Gramaten. Finally, the dissertation proposes three types of sedentary village formation and expansion from Nabagade Valley to Qohaito Plateau; segmentary, hydraulic and integrated types of settlement expansion. The research also inverted the conceptual focus of lineage theory from fission to new type of community formation and aggregation.


In the last years, both the increase in percutaneous coronary revascularization and the instance of more reliable and individualized treatments have led interventional cardiologists to seek for a valuable adjunct to angiography in order to improve assessment and treatment of atherosclerotic coronary disease. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) allows precise tomographic measurement of lumen area, plaque size, and, to some extent, composition, with low risks and affordable costs. It is not yet clear whether routine use of IVUS provides a middle-to-long-term benefit in prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events. This review reports the main studies on IVUS imaging, underlining impact of ultrasound in the development of contemporary percutaneous revascularization techniques.


ABSTRACT Biological processes of hydrogen sulfide removal are extensively used as a result of their health, safety, and environment (HSE), efficiency, and economy. The most significant aspect in microbial desulfurization of natural or industrial gasses and biogas is the utilization of effective bacteria that have the ability to remove sulfur compounds particularly hydrogen sulfide. The recent research is aimed at isolating and applying the bacterium for the removal of H2S. Therefore, the bacterium which has the ability to oxidize thiosulfate was isolated from contaminated soil with sulfur compounds and identified by physiological, biochemical, morphological, and genetic techniques. Phylogenetic identification of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicates that ISOB 14 is closely connected with the Halothiobacillus neapolitanus DSM 581. The isolated bacterium which was named Halothiobacillus sp. ISOB 14 is Gram negative, motile, and non-spore forming. Cells of ISOB 14 were small, rod-shaped, and 0.45–0.64 µm in size. This strain is strictly aerobic and obligately chemolithoautotrophic and can use thiosulfate as an electron donor. This bacterium grew faster in Postgate medium with 0.7% thiosulfate than in sulfur and sodium sulfide. The removal of thiosulfate and production of sulfate were measured by ion chromatography, a sensitive method, with conductivity detection. ISOB 14 can remove thiosulfate 100% after 18–24 h and produce sulfate up to 89.14% and 93.14% after 24 h and 72 h, respectively, under the optimum conditions of bacterium growth. These findings introduce the unique ability and high potentiality of this efficient bacterium for usage in the removal of hydrogen sulfide.


To investigate the distribution, shape and stainability of the ACTH cells from human, baboon, monkey, cat, dog, rat, mouse, hamster, guinea pig, white-toothed shrew, house musk shrew and mole pituitaries, adjacent tissue sections were immunostained with anti-porcine ACTH1-39 serum and with PAS-iron-hematoxylin respectively. Mammalian ACTH cells display two separate morphological appearances :1) oval or polygonal and 2) stellate or elongate. The first type exists in all the tested mammals except for the house musk shrew, in which the elongate cells predominate. The second type co-exists with the first in the cat, dog, guinea pig, rat, mouse and hamster. Most ACTH cells were diffusely immuno-stained in all the mammals except for the rat and mouse, in which the rim of ACTH cells was immunostained. Based on their granularity, mammalian ACTH cells may be divided into oval or polygonal granule-rich chromophilic cells and into stellate poorly granulated chromophobic cells. The former can be classified into amphophilic and acidophilic subtypes according to their staining properties with PAS-iron-hematoxylin. Acidophilic ACTH cells are found in the dog, house musk shrew and mole ; amphophilic ones in the human, baboon, cat, mouse, ham-ster, white-teethed shrew and mole ; and chromophobic ones in the monkey, dog, guinea pig, rat and mouse. The stainability of ACTH cells with dyes varies remarkably according to the species of mammal. These cells have been reported to show different staining pro-at al., 1973). In this study, immunostain-ing aspect of ACTH cells of some mammals and their staining properties with iron hematoxylin, counterstained with periodic acid Schiff reagent (PAS), were investigated , using the superimposition technique on adjacent sections.


The screened strain that exhibited the highest level of polygalacturonase (PGase) activity based on coffee pectin was selected and identified as Aspergillus tubingensis. Sucrose (2%) and sodium nitrate (3%) were the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for the strain's production of PGase. At 35°C and an initial pH of 4 as culture conditions, the strain showed the highest level of PGase production (15.9 U/mL). The highest activity of purified PGase-1 was observed at 60°C and pH 5. PGase-I activity was highly enhanced by Ca, Mn, and Ba. PGase-I was thermally stable at 50°C, with a half-life of 4 h. High stability was observed after 24 h incubation at pH levels from 3 to 7. The elimination of coffee mucilage was obviously improved by treating with this enzyme.


CoO single crystals are deformed by compression along 〈001〉 direction, at various stress (σ), strain (ϵ), temperature (T ≧ 1100°C), and oxygen pressure (po2). After creep the substructure is studied. The average cell size (d) of the subgrains is a function of σ and does not change with T and Po2; a relationship d ∼ σ−0.7 is found. The distribution of d values is correlated to the stress in the sample.


Nitrous oxide (N2O) is produced as a by-product during the reduction of NOx species by CO oxidation. The kinetics of N2O decomposition and N2O+CO reaction is the subject for numerous investigations (1–4). In one of the key studies for the reaction between N2O and CO, McCabe and Wong (1) obtained the kinetic parameters for this reaction between 550 and 700 K and reactant partial pressures of 0.6 and 7 Torr. They measured apparent reaction orders of −1± 0.15 in CO partial pressure and 0.65± 0.1 in N2O partial pressure under differential conversion conditions at temperatures between 564 and 583 K. They postulated a surface reaction model which involved intact adsorption of N2O with subsequent dissociation to gas phase dinitrogen and chemisorbed oxygen which reacted with chemisorbed carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide. The steady-state rate expression based on this model resulted in first-order kinetics with respect to N2O partial pressures and negative firstorder kinetics with respect to CO partial pressures. In the article, McCabe and Wong "speculate that the fractional N2O pressure dependence reflects more complicated precursor adsorption kinetics for N2O than the simple treatment afforded in this kinetic model" (1). The models postulated by Cho (2–4) for the decomposition of N2O also proceeds with the direct decomposition pathway (i.e., the molecule adsorbs on the metal surface intact with subsequent decomposition to the gas phase di-nitrogen and chemisorbed atomic O species). In addition, mechanisms postulated by both Cho and McCabe and Wong have linear CO as the reactive intermediate (1–4). In this note we postulated that nitrous oxide adsorption occurs on Rh surfaces dissociatively. Furthermore, we postulated that the reactive form of CO is the "bridge-bonded" CO species. A steady-state rate expression for the overall reaction was derived based on the previously mentioned postulates along with appropriate assumptions about the mechanism. The mechanism, the derivation of the rate expression and its predictions, are presented in the subsequent sections. The model postulated in this article for N2O+CO surface reaction over supported Rh catalysts is


The surplus by-product fuels from steel plants, coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG), and Linz-Donawitz Converter Gas(LDG), can be used as the reburn fuel to lower NOx emission. Kinetic simulations were carried out to investigate the NOx reduction characteristic by these gases and their mixtures. BFG and LDG are primarily non-hydrocarbon fuels, which have a NOx reduction potential of 21–36% at the highest reburning temperature. Their NOx reduction potential monotonously increase with temperature and reburn fuel fraction. At similar conditions, COG can remove 87% of the nitric oxide and there is an optimum value for temperature and reburn fuel fraction to achieve the maximum NOx reduction. Conversion of NO to N2 in the reburn zone of a high HC gas proceeds primarily through the following sequence: CHi+NO→HCN+…→NHi+…→N2. A parameter study of the reduction ability of the COG/BFG mixture gas indicates that the optimum air/fuel ratio depends on the proportion of mixture.


When three-dimensional shape information is represented by a feature-based model, a fillet/chamfer feature is searched for and accumulated. When three-dimensional shape information is not represented by a feature-based model, information of a fillet surface/chamfer surface is searched for and accumulated. From corner shapes accumulated, a corner shape to be removed is selected. The feature or the information of the surface element selected is removed from the three-dimensional shape information. Projection is performed on the basis of the three-dimensional information after the removal, thereby obtaining two-dimensional shape information.


The influence of spatial fluctuations in the density of monomeric units on the long-time kinetics of reversible coagulation is investigated. It is shown that the long-time approach to the equilibrium cluster size distribution is determined by relaxation of the spatial fluctuation spectrum and described by a power-law dependence.


The paper presents the results of the study on participative mapping of landscape values and conflicts and a subsequent interpretation of the indicated localities from respondents' point of view. The study focused on younger groups of landscape users—lower-secondary-school students (aged 11–15) and university students (aged 20–25)—in comparison with experts' points of view. The research presumed that the perception of landscape values and issues are determined by age, level of education and by experience in the field. The study was conducted in the southeastern area of the Czech Republic (49° N, 16° E) via online data collection. Based on the obtained records, we conclude that, in terms of the typology of the valuable and problematic locations, the individual groups of respondents did not differ significantly and the selection of location types was similar across all groups. Lower-secondary-school students rather identified cultural values associated with everyday activities, and the descriptions contained emotional overtones. University students preferred natural values associated with formal values based on general consensus or conflicts associated with society-wide impacts. The experts base served as the benchmark for other groups.


This article is in fact a report from the discussion panel organised on 18 September 2018 during the Fourth National Political Science Congress entitled The State in Times of Change. As part of the Congress, Professor Józef M. Fiszer from the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, organised an interesting panel entitled 'Poland's Foreign Policy in Times of Change in Europe and the World in the Twenty-First Century: Directions, Goals, Forms, Opportunities and Threats'. Panellists, outstanding specialists, who took part in it discussed goals, tasks, opportunities and threats for Polish foreign policy in the twenty-first century. During the discussion numerous interesting, theoretically and practically significant theses and hypotheses were formulated. They are presented and analysed in this article.


Background:  To develop cardioprotection against peri‐operative myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury, we need animal models where the local metabolism and blood flow are studied concomitantly with the global circulatory consequences during regional coronary occlusion.


The main noise source of a railway truck assembly is the structure borne noise of the wheels. As noise in the environment as well as the workplace has a generally negative effect on productivity, methods of controlling wheel/rail noise propagation are discussed. The paper presents two methods of vibration absorber construction to determine the level of reduction of the wheel noise of high speed trains obtainable through application of these absorbers.


An accurate measurement of the incidence and severity of poverty across Pakistan can be invaluable to researchers and policy makers alike. The variations in levels of poverty across the zones can shed light on the various factors that may be at work while determining poverty and this information ultimately helps find viable strategies for poverty alleviation, especially in those areas that record high levels of poverty. This may be especially useful also because official estimates have been known to be misleading. The present study made use of data from HIES PSLM for the year 2007-08 while calculating poverty across the nine agro climatic zones of Pakistan namely Rice/Wheat Punjab, Mixed Punjab, Cotton/Wheat Punjab, Low Intensity Punjab, Barani Punjab, Cotton/Wheat Sindh, Rice Other Sindh, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and Balochistan. The method employed made use of consumption as the welfare indicator. The consumption aggregate was then adjusted and three measures of poverty calculated; the headcount ratio, average poverty gap and the squared poverty gap. Our results indicated that the highest level of poverty was seen in Balochistan. This was followed by Low Intensity Punjab. The lowest levels of Poverty were see in the Barani Zone of Punjab. Similar trends were observed for the severity of poverty in the zones. INTRODUCTION Poverty is generally defined as lacking a certain amount of possessions or money and thus being deprived of basic human needs. Poverty may be measured as absolute, subjective or relative poverty. Absolute poverty may be described as a sell minimum standard of resources which are needed to survive and are consistent over time and countries. Relative poverty is a matter of social equity and varies with the central tendency of the distribution of living standards. Absolute poverty lines usually remain fixed and are adjusted according to inflation while Relative poverty lines use a relative measure to define property. There are two main methods of estimating a poverty lines cost of basic needs and the caloric intake method. The cost of Basic Needs approach considers the absolute minimum resources necessary to obtain a set of goods to fulfill basic needs like food (including water, clothing and shelter). Modern lists also include importance or healthcare, education and sanitation. The basic needs approach emphasizes on getting a society to rise just above poverty level and to meet its prime requirements. It does not set goals for helping create a sustainable society in the future. The caloric intake method sets a poverty line according to the consumption expenditures or income levels just sufficient for a person to meet predetermined food requirement. Absolute poverty consists of excessive deprivation, hunger and premature death and its measurement might not be in complete consistence in reality as the dividing line between acceptable and unacceptable deprivation is dynamic in different societies. Relative poverty is measured as poverty of parts of population in relation to others. Subjective poverty focuses on assessment of one's level of income such that it is felt to be less than the minimum criteria defined by the society. Classification therefore is difficult and variable even with people of the same income as it relies upon question's wording and the different methods for derivation. A poverty line is set as a minimum level of income or expenditure below which if a household falls it classified as poor. There are many other factors to be taken in account when setting up the caloric – intake approach such as different consumption costs according to varying living standards, relative prices and other such factors. Thus, for solving these issues, separate poverty lines are set for urban and rural areas. This study describes the incidence of poverty in rural Pakistan and expresses the values of the three indices of poverty: headcount, poverty gap and severity of poverty across the nine agro climatic zones of Pakistan. Researchers [1] used the 2000-01 HIES data to calculate headcount ratios for rural areas throughout Pakistan and by provinces. The results indicated that rural poverty in 2000-01 was 42.9 percent. Their results listed Sindh to be the poorest among the provinces following which were Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and finally Baluchistan. Punjab had considerably lesser rural poverty than the other provinces. The authors argued that rural poverty in Pakistan can be largely explained in terms of rural landlessness and that there is a strong correlation between poverty and the lack of assets. This was evident from the observation that 54.6 percent of the landless households were poor. Poverty had an inverse relationship with land holdings as poverty decreased rapidly with increase in land amount of land owned until disappearing altogether with possession of land greater than two hectares. It was also observed that there was an extreme degree of inequality in the distribution of land and the poverty gap and severity both recorded high values. The Social Policy Development Centre (SPDC) estimated the spatial distribution of poverty by provinces in rural areas using the 2001-2002 HIES data and the results they obtained showed somewhat similar trends. They found that the headcount ratio was the greatest in Baluchistan at 51 percent of the population below the poverty line followed by Sindh at 38 percent, 27 percent of the population of rural Khyber Pukhtunkhwa fell below the poverty line while in Punjab the incidence of poverty was lowest at 24 percent. The Center for Research on Poverty Reduction and Income Distribution (CRPRID) also analyzed the same data and found that Khyber Pukhtunkhwa rated highest in terms of poverty in 2001-02 (41.5 percent) while poverty was the lowest in Punjab (32). Sindh and Balochistan had almost equal levels of poverty that were in between those noted for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. It was noted that poverty had been on the rise from 1992-93 to 2001-02 and this was especially 2400 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 Sci.Int.(Lahore),27(3),2399-2403,2015 May-June true for Sindh and Balochistan which had been affected by a devastating flood in between this time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The initial step for setting up measuring poverty is setting up a welfare indicator, based on survey data. Income and consumption are the main options, consumption being thought of in many arguments as a better option in developing countries as it is less variable and as suggested by theories individuals tends to smooth their consumption across times of high and low incomes through borrowing and saving. Consumption is also thought of as a more focused indicator of fulfillment of basic needs and achievement.Respondents might also show reluctance in giving exact income details and many are employed in agriculture of family businesses where individual incomes measurements prove to be inaccurate. Income is, nonetheless used as a measure of welfare in developed countries. The next step is the adjustment of consumption aggregate. The household consumption aggregate has to be adjusted according to the household size and its composition as expenditures are calculated at house hold levels but welfare is estimated individually. An aggregate household composition might provide an inaccurate result of the individual welfare of a given household. Household income or consumption is generally divided into individual continents to account for household demographic differences. This method is not ideal as there might be two households with the same income, consumption and the number of individuals. Both the households would be classified according to equal welfare ranking even if one of the household is dominated by adults while the other with children. Nutrition based adult equivalent scales may be used to convert the number of persons to adult equivalents based on age and sex. The aggregator is now to be decided for poverty analysis. The three indices for measuring poverty proposed by Foster, Greer and Thorbeck [2] are used here. The poverty measures used are the headcount ratio, average poverty gap and the squared poverty gap. The geographical diversity of Pakistan means that varying cropping patterns are observed in the country depending on the topology, climate and availability of water for irrigation. There are basically two cropping seasons in Pakistan – Kharif and Rabi. Kharif crops harvested in summer include rice, cotton, maize, sorghum, and sugarcane while in Rabi the winter season, wheat, barley, oilseeds and gram are grown. To allow for geographical variations, the country is divided into nine agro-climatic zones depending upon the relief and the nature of agricultural activity following Pickney [3]. This classification is based primarily on the Kharif cropping patterns as wheat is the primary Rabi crop in all zones. Pickney has not disaggregated the provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa despite varied geographical terrain due to their low contribution to agriculture. A brief description of each of these zones is given below together with the districts included. This is in line with the third objective of the research. Rice/Wheat Punjab This zone includes the districts of Sialkot, Gujrat, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Lahore, Kasur, Narowal, Mandi Bahauddin, and Hafizabad. It is well irrigated, and the soil is of good quality permitting cultivation of the water intensive Basmati rice as kharif crop together with wheat in Rabi season. Mixed Punjab Sargodha, Khushab, Jhang, Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh, and Okara form this zone where no one crop dominates completely. Cotton, sugarcane (particularly in Faisalabad), maize, and pulses are grown in this cropping zone. It is well irrigated by the tributaries of Indus. Cotton/Wheat Punjab Sahiwal, Bahawalnagar, Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan, Multan, Vehari, Lodhran, Khanewal, and Pakpattan form the cotton belt of Punjab. The drier weather encourages the cultivat


We developed integral 3-D TV using extremely high-resolution video that had a resolution of 7680 x 4320 pixels. The resolution of the displayed 3-D images was four times higher than that of the previous system.


ABSTRACT This research explores children's and parents' perceptions of parental mediation strategies of children's digital technology (DT) use. The sample consists of 31 parents and 30 children (ages 9 to 14; average age is 11) who participated in focus groups. The results of focus groups with parents and children showed that they recognize four similar types of strategies with slight differences. Children often do not recognize clear rules about DT use. Active mediation is perceived by children as co-use, while parents usually talk about the consequences of DT use and highlight balancing with other activities. Without a prepared media plan, parents describe mediation as "a struggle." The findings point to mediation being "a dynamic process" with children as active agents.


The Port of Ploce, due to its geographical position, can become one of the most important ports in Croatia. Its aim is to establish a competitive regional logistics center, with the use of modern technology, cargo handling, distribution and additional services for all users who gravitate to pan-European Corridor Vc.


In a traditional Institution, 48 infants, of both sexes, whose chronological age ranged from 2 to 3 months, were equally divided into four groups (3 experimental and 1 control group) and for a period of two months were submitted, daily, to three main types of stimulation: (1) perceptual, (2) social, and (3) perceptual ‐‐ social. A thought provoking conclusion emerges from the preliminary results: 2‐3‐months‐old institutionalized infants, who receive varied perceptual stimulation during a 10‐week period, present a developmental profile almost identical to the developmental profile of infants of the same age. I.Q.s and environment, who received, during the same length of time, a social stimulation through the agency of one person.


Object To avoid the low accurate rate of traditional diagnosis on the histology ptterns of peripheral lung carcinoma,promote its accurate diagnosis rate.Methods Study 253 patients,find 16 imagiologic factors that affect histology diagnosis,qantitize?them,use computer imagiology measurement diagnosis technology to do the single and muti factors correlation analysis of them,and do application research on 121 patients. Results Founded the distinguish mathematics model about histology pattern of imagiologic measurement diagnosis on peripheral lung cancer,promote its accurate rate from 42% to 71 9%.Conclusion Computer technology of imagiologic measurement diagnosis can promote accurate histology diagnosis rate of peripheral lung cancer.


Chaos is a very complicated motion modality and nonlinear phenomenon.Chaos embodies not only important meaning of mathematics and physics,but also abundant philosophical thoughts. The theory of chaos is applied in natural sciences such as mathematics,physics,chemistry,astrono- my,meteorology as well as in social sciences and military science such as politics,economics,finance, art,etc.


This article aims to analyze how is done the sharing of the fund called Time Deposit Fund - "FGTS" during the split of a marriage or a stable union. For that, it is necessary to analyse first the kind of assed, in the present case a money witch has it's origins in labor, basic manpower. Later further in the text the fund is inserted in the family law, in the context of the relationship to go through the ways the assets are shared in a divorce or dissolution of a stable union. None of the last, the jurisprudence about the topic of Brazilian Courts are examined to show how the
judging are dealing with this controversial theme in law.


eight different topics (i.e. poverty, rural development, industrialization and urban growth, population, women in development, participation and development policy) the discussants of the conference exchanged various research findings and arguments from different approaches. The heterogeneity in views expressed results from a number of factors. This book contains a mixture of microand macro-approaches, considers long-term development impacts from colonial times (contributions by Cribb; Boomgard), connects rural and urban development and shows different results in both spheres (Sajogyo; Thorbecke; Budhy Tjahjati; Manning), analyzes the role of women in the development process (Smyth; Postel-Coster; Wolf), shows institutional problems (Sediono; Visser), indicates the negative impact of the political top-down approach, underlines the necessity for development from the grass-roots and NGO-level and, last but not least, the demand for a "civil society" in the future (Tuyl/Witjes; Hafidz). Needless to say, neither the analysis nor the interpretation of social reality was unanimous. The participants, however, came to a relatively clear general consensus: during the last 25 years "economic poverty has decreased while inequality has increased because polarization has increased" in Indonesia (see for instance p. 10 or p. 260). The structure of the book follows the proceedings of the conference on which it is based. The volume starts with a detailed introduction by the editors, who explain the background and intention of the conference and pinpoint the main arguments of the papers presented. Different points of view or arguments are briefly emphasized and give the reader a first overview and general idea of contrary positions and arguments which can be proved by reading the articles in detail. The structure as well as the contents of the book make this publication interesting, stimulating and readable for scholars, students and others concerned with the Indonesian archipelago. Another helpful and positive attribute for the clarification and comparison of arguments is the fact that each paper is followed by a critical comment from one of the discussants of the conference. However, the different positions and arguments are summarized in a short conclusion at the end of the book (Pronk's contribution, pp. 25767). Besides the general consensus mentioned above, one can recognize that the creation of employment will very much depend on further industrial development. But this, so the result of the discussions, will only indirectly affect poverty reduction. Taking the significance of further industrial development for granted two important topics are missing in the book, i.e. educational as well as ecological questions. But a conference to discuss these topics with regard to Southeast Asia in general, I assume, is already in the process of being realized.


Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic disease that may affect many organs; among them, cardiac involvement. The prevalence of cardiac involvement in SSc varies depending on the sensitivity of the methods used for its detection. Indirect evidence suggests that subclinical cardiac involvement may eventually occur in the vast majority of patients with SSc. Early detection and monitoring of myocardial involvement are integral to SSc management, as cardiovascular involvement is known to be a poor prognostic indicator when present Objectives: To describe myocardial perfusion abnormalities and potentially associated coronary arteries lesions using non-invasive imaging techniques in a group of patients with SSc and suggestive symptoms of myocardial involvement (symptomatic) in comparison with a control group of patients with SSc without cardiac symptoms Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed including a total of 61 patients diagnosed with SSc, 52 symptomatic, with dyspnea and/or chest pain (57.98 ± 12.3 years, 45 women) and 9 asymptomatic controls (50.2±15.21 years, 8 women). All patients underwent a post-stress (treadmill or pharmacological) myocardic perfusion gated-SPECT, a cold-induced stress SPECT, that were compared to a rest SPECT (to assess ischemia and/or necrosis), as well as a cardiac CT-angiography (to asses significant coronary arteries lesions, considering stenosis of more than 50%) Results: Twenty-one out of the 52 symptomatic patients (50%) showed myocardial perfusion defects in the stress-rest SPECT: 13 (25%) showed ischemia, 13 (25%) fibrosis/necrosis, and 5 (9.6%) ischemia and necrosis. In the cold-induced SPECT, 17 patients (32.7%) had myocardial perfusion abnormalities: 10 (19.2%) showed ischemia, 13 (25%) fibrosis/necrosis and 6 (11.5%) ischemia and necrosis. In the other hand, of the 9 asymptomatic patients only 1 (11%) had ischemia and necrosis in the stress-rest SPECT, being only positive for necrosis in the cold-induced SPECT images. In the cardiac CT-angiography, 7/52 patients (13.4%) showed significant coronary lesions, 4 (57.2%) of them with perfusion defects in the SPECT images, and 3 (42.8%) without significant perfusion alterations Of the 9 asymptomatic patients, 1 (11%) had significant coronary lesions, being the same patient who presented perfusion defects in myocardial SPECT images Conclusion: The gated-SPECT is a sensitive tool for detecting myocardial perfusion alterations, normally with no associated significant coronary lesions, suggesting microvascular abnormalities. In this cohort, myocardial perfusion abnormalities were detected in 50% of symptomatic patients, whereas in only 11% of non-symptomatic patients References [1] Fernández-Codina A, Simeón-Aznar CP2, Pinal-Fernandez I, Rodríguez-Palomares J, Pizzi MN, Hidalgo CE, Guillén-Del Castillo A, Prado-Galbarro FJ, Sarria-Santamera A, Fonollosa-Plà V, Vilardell-Tarrés M. Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis: differences between clinical subsets and influence on survival. Rheumatol Int. 2017 Jan;37(1):75-84. doi: 10.1007/s00296-015-3382-2. Epub 2015 Oct 25. [2] Rangarajan V, Matiasz R, Freed BH. Cardiac complications of systemic sclerosis and management: recent progress. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2017 Nov;29(6):574-584. doi: 10.1097/BOR. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) has been stored underwater in the K Basins for more than 40 years. Over time, corrosion products from the degrading fuel rods, storage rack dust, concrete from pool walls, and environmental particulate have accumulated as sludge on the floors and in the pits of the K Basins. Additional sludge will be generated during the handling and cleaning of the SNF canisters during fuel removal from the basins. The sludge is not regulated as a dangerous or hazardous waste, but it does meet the definition of waste regulated under the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). This conceptual design document (CDD) presents the technical, cost, and schedule baselines for the Sludge Handling System (SHS), SNF Sub-project A.13(b). The SHS provides for the design and procurement of sludge containers, container overpacks, the transportation of filled containers, and receipt and storage of the sludge at T Plant. The sludge will be stored at T Plant until the method for treatment and disposal of remote-handled transuranic (RH-TRU) waste is determined. To optimize storage at T Plant, the sludge is divided into two streams. One stream is more reactive and will be stored under water. The second stream is less reactive andmore » can be stored dry. Stainless steel vessels designed specially for this project will safely contain the sludge during transport and storage. The sludge containers will be transported to T Plant using the existing multi-canister overpack (MCO) cask and transporter. Upgrades to T Plant will provide two types of storage for the sludge containers. The T Plant pool cell will be upgraded with equipment and systems to store the more reactive waste stream. Select process cells will be fitted with equipment to hold the less reactive waste stream. Both types of storage will be designed to meet TSCA requirements. As a best-management practice, reasonable Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements also will be met. The nuclear safety analysis also designates some of the systems as Safety Class. All systems that will receive, unload, and store the sludge containers at T Plant will be designed for remote operation to limit worker exposure. This CDD validates that the SHS and components can be designed, fabricated, installed, tested, and verified ready for operation within the schedule and budget allotted.« less


An 8x8 half diallel analysis were performed at two planting dates to study the importance of types of combining ability (GCA and SCA) and its interaction with environment in F1 of maize. Planting dates (D), crosses (Cr), GCA, SCA, CrxD, GCAxD, SCAxD were significant for all traits. GCA/SCA exceeded the unity for most traits. Non-additive seemed to be more prevalent for plant, ear heights and grain yield plant. P8 gave significant positive ( i ĝ ) effects for all studied traits. High SCA effects were exhibited by the crosses P1xP7, P1xP8, P2xP5, P3xP4, P3xP8, P4xP7, P4xP8 and P5xP6 for grain yield plant across planting dates. Superiority of P2xP5 and P3xP8 over SC Hytech 2031 reached 13.84 and 6.16%, respectively. However, useful heterotic effects relative to SC 128 mean value were 21.14 and 10.22%, for the aforementioned crosses, respectively. P1xP8, P4xP8 and P5xP6 gave positive insignificant out-yielded than check hybrids. The five superior hybrids P2xP5 (G1), P3xP8 (G2), P5xP6 (G3), P1xP8 (G4) and P4xP8 (G5) along with SC10 (G6), SC 128 (G7) and SC Hytech 2031(G8) were evaluated in 2019 season at various environments using RCBD with 3 replicates to identify environments and suitable adapted maize hybrids. Stable genotypes are ranked descending for means of grain yield as follows: G1 > G8> G2> G7. G1, G8, and G2 were above average stability while genotypes G7 showed below average stability. Thus, G1 (P2xP5) and G2 (P3xP8) are promising crosses, and it's recommended to register as new varieties with high productivity and stability across environments.


Objective To evaluate the value of preoperative spiral CT (SCT) scanning in the diagnosis and staging of middle-late stage rectal carcinoma. Methods The results of SCT scanning of 34 patients with middle-late stage rectal carcinomas were compared with the pathological examination results and the findings of surgical operation. Results SCT could display the manifestations of middle-late stage rectal carcinoma, such as rectal wall thickening, local tumor mass, tumor invasion of rectal circumference, narrow rectal cava, lymph node enlarging (diameter≥10mm) and tumor distant metastasis. According to Duke's staging, the overall accuracy of SCT staging was 70.6%, and for the stages B1, B2, C, and D the sensitivity was 83.3%, 50%, 66.7%, 78.5%, and the specificity was 62.5%, 44.4%, 57.1%, 100%, respectively. According to TNM staging, the overall accuracy of SCT was 73.5%, and for the stages T2, T3, T4 the sensitivity was 85.7%, 61.5%, 78.6%, and the specificity was 54.5%, 66.7%, 100%, respectively. Conclusion Preoperative SCT could display the invasive range of middle-late stage rectal carcinoma and the tumor lymph nodes metastasis, especially distant metastasis, and had a definite diagnostic value.


Fitness is a vague, poorly developed concept in ecology and evolutionary biology. Although it is generally recognized that fitness is determined by the complete survival and reproductive schedules of individual organisms, experimental studies have rarely attempted to integrate these into a single measure of individual fitness. Instead, particularly in studies of natural selection, components of fitness are measured as surrogates for fitness. In this article, we develop an integrated measure of fitness based on the philosophical underpinnings provided by the notion of propensity fitness, combined with classical demographic methods. We show how life-history data, collected for an individual, can be formatted as an age-structured population projection matrix, A(m). The dominant eigenvalue, λ(m), of this matrix is an estimate of that individual's propensity fitness. Using life-history data sets on European sparrowhawks and blue tits, we show that the interpretation of analyses of selection can shift radically using the integrated propensity fitness measure instead of components of fitness, such as lifetime reproductive output. Individual fitness, as formulated here, provides an integrated measure of performance that should prove useful in empirical studies in ecology and evolutionary biology.


We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between HLA class II DNA typing, MLR, rejection and acute GVHD in 14 patient-donor pairs, who had undergone HLA serologically identical related bone marrow transplantation, in order to evaluate the histocompatibility tests for the clinical outcome after transplantation.Severe acute GVHD (≥grade II) were seen in 7, rejection in 2 and MLR (rejection side)-positivity were in 1 out of 14 patients. However, the HLA class II genotypes of DRB1, DRB3, DQB1 and DPB1 were completely identical between them.Among the 7 patients with severe acute GVHD, one patient "F" died day 15 of grade IV GVHD after transplantation. In this case, there were no considerable risk factors such as ABO or sex mismatch between the patient and donor, and the donor had not alloimmunized by previous transfusion.Two patients, J and K, rejected the donor's bone marrow and only the patient K showed recipient anti-donor reactivity in MLR before the transplantation. In this case, the donor was male and the patient was female who might have been already alloimmunized by pregnancy and transfusion.These observations strongly indicate the importance of minor histocompatibility antigens in HLA genotypically identical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.


Introduction. Part I General aspects: history, indicators, ethical dilemmas. Part 2 Practical applications of surveillance: hospital data, primary care data, perinatal morbidity, congenital malformation, cardiovascular disease, cancer, communicable disease, occupational health, accidents at work and home, road acidents, environmental physical and chemical hazards, mental illness, alcohol abuse, adverse reactions to drugs, poisoning. Glossary. Index.


Picture book reading is a very common form of interaction between parents and very young children. Here we explore to what extent young children transfer novel information between picture books and the real world. We report that 15- and 18-month-olds can extend newly learned labels both from pictures to objects and from objects to pictures. However, the degree to which they do so is affected by iconicity—how much the objects and pictures resemble one another. The children in these studies more often extended the labels between picture and object when realistic photographs and drawings were involved than less realistic cartoons. These results show that higher levels of perceptual similarity between symbol and referent make the referential relation more transparent, thereby helping children transfer information between them. Thus, the educational function of early picture book interactions may best be served with realistic illustrations. This research was supported by NIH grant HD-25271 to JSD and by NSF grant GA-0440254 to P. A. G. and J. S. D.


Objective To observe the blood supply of the small hepatic carcinoma(SHC).Methods 34 cases with SHC which were approved by pathology or operation were observed.We used single dynamic spiral CT scan in arterial-phase,portal vein-phase and vein-phase.Twenty-eight to thirty seconds,sixty-five to seventy seconds and one hundred and eighty seconds after injection(at the 3.0 ml/s,90-100 ml),scanning started.The radiographic features were analyzed.Results 34 cases of SHC were detected,including 37 lesions.The detecting coefficient in routine scan,arterial-phase,portal vein-phase and vein-phase were 75.6%,94.6%,97.3%,81.1% respectively.The lesion was easier to find in arterial-phase and portal vein-phase than in routine scan and vein-phase(P0.05).There was no obvious difference comparing arterial-phase and portal vein-phase and routine scan and vein-phase(P0.05).During 34 cases,there were 28 cases that were supplied only by artery,6 cases by artery and portal vein.Conclusion Primary SHC was mainly blood supplied by liver artery,partly by artery and portal vein.It showed centripetal sign.


Let s = s(a1, a2,...., ar) denote the number of integer solutions of the equation subject to the conditions the ai being given positive integers, and square brackets denoting the integral part. Clearly s (a1,..., ar) is also the number s = s(m) of divisors of which contain exactly λ prime factors counted according to multiplicity, and is therefore, as is proved in [1], the cardinality of the largest possible set of divisors of m, no one of which divides another.