We have studied the reaction of blood stroke volume to unilateral stimulation of the right or left vagus nerve as well as to the instantaneous reciprocal stimulation of vagus nerves in the postnatal ontogenesis of intact sympathectomized rats. We have found age related peculiarities of how the heart of sympathectomized species reacts to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. We have established age properties of the heart's reaction of rats to electrical stimulation of vagus nerves in the conditions of pharmacological sympathectomy. Sympathectomized rats of the ages under consideration, excluding only 14day old species, show lesser levels of blood stroke volume than intact rats, which is probably compensated by higher levels of their cardiac rate. The obtained data concerning the influence of blood stroke volume changes on unilateral right-sided or left-sided stimulation confirm asymmetry of the vagus nerves' influence on heart activity. The main claim is that regulation of the heart inotropic function is conducted to a larger extent by the left vagus nerve. The results of our research of intact and sympathectomized rats reveal the active role of the sympathetic section of the vegetative nervous system in the regulation of blood stroke volume in the course of activation of the parasympathetic channel of heart regulation. Compensating increase in the influence of the parasympathetic section of the vegetative nervous system alongside growing activity of the sympathetic channel is probably the mechanism of protecting heart from overpressure.


The studies were carried out under the conditions of a microfield experiment on typical chernozem (Belgorod region) with two soils (pH 5.0 and 6.5) with the addition of urea (enriched in 15N, 17.1 at. %) And effluents from a pig-breeding complex (PSC) at doses of 6 and 12 g N/m2 (against the background of phosphate and potash fertilizers, P6K6). The largest amount of nitrogen was consumed by sugar beets with the combined introduction of CCA and urea (25.8 g N/m2). When the soil was acidified to pHsalt 5.0, the consumption of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers decreased by 15-18%, soil ni-trogen – by 21-52%, and waste nitrogen – by 16%. At the same time, the immobilization of nitrogen in the fertilizer decreased by 13-18%, and the loss of gaseous nitrogen compounds increased by 47-108%. The effluent from the pig-breeding complex increased the immobilization of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers (by 38-46%) and reduced gaseous nitrogen losses (by 22-44%). The highest stability and productivity (root crop yield 1654 g/m2, tops yield 239 g/m2) was exhibited by agrophytocenosis on soil with pH 6.5 with the combined application of CCA and urea. When the soil solution was acid-ified to pH 5.0, the yield of beet root crops decreased by 30% and the yield of tops – by 24%. On soil with pH 5.0, fertilizers increased the sugar content in root crops by 0.2-1.3%, on soil with pH 6.5, they decreased by 1.3-2.0%.


The eastern population of the northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita had been presumed extinct following the loss of the colony in Birecik, Turkey, in 1989. However, occasional sightings of birds in Yemen, Eritrea, Saudi Arabia and Israel during the 1980s and 1990s suggested that there was still a colony somewhere in the Middle East. Intensive field surveys in spring 2002, based on the knowledge of Bedouin nomads and local hunters, revealed that the species has never become completely extinct on the Syrian desertic steppe. Following systematic searches 15 old nesting sites were found, one of them still hosting an active breeding colony of seven individuals. The species appears to have been relatively common in the area until 20 years ago, when a combination of overexploitation of rangelands and increasing hunting pressure initiated a dramatic decline.


The present disclosure relates to a control method and apparatus for presenting video pictures, said method comprising: obtaining a video picture taken by the intelligent imaging apparatus; when the terminal display screen of the video presentation, to obtain a direction of the terminal change data; according to the the direction of change data to control the video screen on the display screen slides. Application of the disclosed embodiment of the present embodiment, the terminal presenting the smart imaging apparatus captures video screen during changes in direction of the terminal can obtain data in real time, so that the data can be varied to control the video screen on the display screen according to the direction of sliding, since the user does not perform a touch operation, you can watch the video screen to complete, so the user-friendly operation, the viewing experience better.


With the rise of artificial intelligence, various video analytics models have been applied in many fields. Numerous studies are preoccupied with expanding the size of the model to achieve greater accuracy, yet inference latency is unbearable when models are deployed to resource-constrained terminal devices. Edge computing ensures efficient and accurate inference by offloading video inference tasks to edge servers because of low network latency and high-performance hardware. However, edge-assisted video analytics systems encounter challenges due to the dynamic nature of video frames, fluctuating network signals, and the mismatch between arithmetic power and model size. To overcome these obstacles, we propose MDRL, an edge-assisted video analytics framework based on Multi-modal Deep Reinforcement Learning. MDRL adaptively determines the offloading strategy of video frames by observing multi-modal information from video frames and network signals and updates the parameters using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms. We compare MDRL with various baselines and the experimental results show that MDRL has the highest overall optimization of latency, accuracy, and network bandwidth consumption in various experimental scenes.


Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the long-term follow-up of patients who were treated with chemonucleolysis for single level disc prolapse. Method: In our retrospective study we reviewed 112 cases that underwent chemonucleolysis for single level lumber disc herniation during the period of 1988–1996. Mean follow up was 9.5 years. In order to estimate the functional outcome of chemonucleolysis Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire was used. Results: An excellent or good response occurred in 79 patients (70.5%); 12 patients (10.7%) showed moderate response with minimal disability. Treatment failed in 21 patients (18.5%) who showed poor response and 12 of these 21 patients went for surgery within a mean period of 6 months. One patient had surgery at different level than chemonucleolysis. There was only one incident of procedure termination because of epidural contrast leak. There was no case of anaphylaxis or discitis. Conclusion: We conclude on the basis of our results that chemonucleolysis is a safe and effective treatment modality for lumber disc herniation in carefully selected patients.


Hyperacute synchronous cardiocerebral infarction (CCI) is an extremely rare condition with an incidence of 0.009%. Herein, we present a case of hyperacute synchronous CCI in an elderly patient with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF).

 An 80-year-old male patient was referred to our emergency department due to acute onset left hemiparesis and dysarthria. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed a hyperdense M3-M4 branch of the right middle cerebral artery. The electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed new-onset AF without specific signs of acute myocardial ischemia. Subsequent ECG revealed AF with Q waves and ST elevation in leads V1-V6, II, III, and aVF, while the patient remained hemodynamically stable, without symptoms indicative of myocardial ischemia. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase) was administered. During the thrombolytic therapy, the patient expressed sudden severe upper back pain, while the ECG showed 'tombstone' ST elevation in leads V1-V6, II, III, and aVF. The thrombolytic therapy was immediately terminated and a CT angiography of the aorta was performed, which did not show any evidence of aortic dissection. Coronary angiography revealed no angiographically significant coronary artery stenosis. ECG evolution, echocardiography, and coronary angiography findings were consistent with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA).

 There are several conditions that lead to simultaneous acute CCI. The precise pathophysiological mechanism that leads to this synchronous CCI is difficult to be identified. In our case, the presence of new-onset AF can partly explain this situation as a source of both cerebral and coronary embolism.


Introduction This report continues the series of annual surveys on trade union membership in New Zealand, which Victoria University of Wellington's Industrial Relations Centre (IRC) began in 1991, when the Employment Contracts Act (ECA) ended the practice of union registration and the collection of union data. Although the Department of Labour subsequently recommenced both the process of union registration and the collection of official union data under the Employment Relations Act (ERA), the IRC has continued to conduct its survey of union membership. We are, therefore, able to report on trends in union membership, composition and density from the enactment of the ECA to the present. In this report, we update our reporting of those trends to include the period extending from December 2006 to December 2008. Between 1991 and 2006, information pertaining to membership of trade unions was compiled through an annual survey carried out by the IRC, with funding from the Public Good Science Fund, administered by the Foundation for Research Science and Technology. Following more than a year without such funding, the IRC has recommenced running that survey and reporting its results with publication of this report. Since the IRC did not conduct a survey in 2007, comparisons in union membership in this document are based on the IRCs 2006 survey data. Union membership survey The IRCs union membership survey for 2008 includes those unions registered as at 1 March 2009, as per the Department of Labour's (DOL) list of registered unions reported in the Department's Union Membership Return Report 2009 on its website, www.ers.dol.govt.nz/union/registration.html (DOL, 2009a). In late May of 2009, each registered union in New Zealand was sent a survey requesting membership numbers as at 31 December 2008. Thirty-six unions, representing 93 percent of total union membership reported by the New Zealand Department of Labour in its 2009 Annual Report (DOL, 2009b), responded. For those that did not, details were obtained from the DOL Union Membership Return Report 2009 and the industry distribution for that union was carried over from the data included in the IRCs 2006 union membership survey (DOLc). In addition, to enable comparison and monitoring of trends in future years, the DOL figures reported in the Union Membership Return Report 2008 have been added to our database as 2007 data. It is important to note, however, that the DOL survey is for the year ending 01 March, while the IRC survey is to 31 December the previous year. Ten unions that remain officially registered did not provide survey returns to either the IRC or the DOL for 2008; all have been designated 'inactive' for this report and no membership figures are included for those unions herein. In the time between the 2006 survey and the return of this year's survey, 13 new unions were registered, 12 unions deregistered and a further 2 went into recess, 2 unions (ASTE and AUS) amalgamated to form one union (TEU), and a further union (Clothing, Laundry and Allied Workers) merged into another (NDU). In addition, 13 unions did not submit surveys to the DOL for March 2008; these unions remain 'active' in our database for 2007 and their membership numbers have been rolled over from our 2006 survey. The total number of unions included in our data is 141 of the 159 unions officially registered with the DOL at 1 March 2009 Trade union membership and density Table 1 summarises the historical trend in trade union membership and union density in New Zealand from the enactment of the ECA in 1991. Under the ECA9 there was no requirement, let alone official process, of union registration in New Zealand. In addition, some employee organisations included in tallies of union membership in that period were effectively established by employers under the ECA. In light of this, and because unions under the ERA must be constituted and operate 'at arm's length from any employer', one would expect members of employer-dominated organisations not to have been counted in union membership tallies for the past decade. …


This study aimed to evaluate the synergism of cellulases and amylolytic enzymes in the hydrolysis of microalgal carbohydrates for bioethanol production. The effect of β‐glucosidase on the hydrolysis of algal cellulose, and the comparison between the effect of the addition of α‐amylase and amyloglucosidase separately or together on the hydrolysis of algal starch, have not been described previously. Results showed that β‐glucosidases promoted the enzymatic hydrolysis of algal cellulose as a result of the increase in the glucose production rate and the decrease in the inhibition by cellobiose. It was also beneficial to carry out the hydrolysis of algal starch using the mixture of α‐amylase and amyloglucosidase. The results obtained revealed that, in enzymatic hydrolysis experiments, simultaneous treatment with Celluclast 1.5 L, β‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, and amyloglucosidase was a promising strategy to reduce the hydrolysis time required to achieve a higher yield of glucose. Subsequently, fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates of microalgae using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed a yield of 0.126 g ethanol / g dried algae. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


To explore a convenient,safe and efficient wheat haploid plantlets doubling method,three concentrations of colchicine(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%)and three processing durations(3h,4h,5h),with supplementary treatments of light or darkness,pumping into air or not,drilling tiller node or not,and root-soaking treatments were used in this study to investigate their effects on doubling of the haploid plantlets from wheat× maize.The results showed that 90% of doubling frequency was obtained under the treatment of root-soaking for 3~4hwith 0.2% Colchicine and 30mL·L-1 DMSO,in combination with pumping into air and no lights throughout the procedure.Darkness and continuous aeration in the whole process could improve both survival rate and doubling frequency,which was especially important when a high colchicine concentration with prolonged processing duration was applied.Tiller node drilling process somewhat hurted the treated plants and consequently reduced survival rate,while increased doubling frequency at low colchicine concentration with short processing duration;however,this treatment was not useful for time-prolonged treatments using either low or high concentrations of colchicine.


Given that the public school enrollment for children on the autism spectrum has quadrupled since 2000, it is imperative that personnel at mainstream school systems receive specialized training in order to implement evidence-based practices for autistic youth (Stahmer, Rieth, Lee, Reisinger, Mandell, & Connell, 2015). While there are a number of evidence-based treatments available for children with autism spectrum disorders, the increased executive and social demands associated with the mainstream school environment pose major challenges for implementation of evidence-based treatments (Humphrey & Lewis, 2008). This requires school personnel to make frequent curriculum modifications (Stahmer, Collings, & Palinkas, 2005), which in turn impact the fidelity of these treatments being implemented in school settings (Dane & Schneider, 1998). Despite the importance of fidelity when implementing evidence-based practices in school settings, the discussion of fidelity within the autism literature is scarce. For example, a mere 13-32% of autism intervention studies include measures of fidelity, with even less attention being placed on its impact on student outcomes (Mandell, Stahmer, Shin, Xie, Reisinger, & Marcus, 2013; Stahmer et al., 2015; Strauss, Vicari, Valeri, D'Elia, Arima, & Fava, 2012; Wheeler, Baggett, Fox, & Blevins, 2006). Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation was to address the gaps within the autism intervention literature by exploring the relationship between implementation fidelity and treatment outcomes for autistic youth. Specifically, the study utilized fidelity and classroom observation data collected as part of a larger randomized, controlled effectiveness trial of an executive functioning intervention (Kenworthy and Anthony et al., 2014) in order to examine the effects of treatment fidelity on the generalization of skills within the classroom environment. Data were gathered from 56 students with autism spectrum disorders, ages 7 to 10, who were enrolled in 11 public schools throughout the Washington Metropolitan Area. Correlational and multiple regression analyses indicated that not all aspects of treatment fidelity are necessary for promoting improvements in classroom functioning, with the interventionist's level of comfort, ability to maintain student engagement, and overall student rapport being the most important. Further, findings revealed that intervention selection is the most important predictor of classroom outcomes, regardless of achieved fidelity. These results provide preliminary evidence for the complex relationship between treatment fidelity and intervention success with autistic youth in the mainstream environment.%%%%Psychology%%%%Autism, Fidelity, Intervention%%%%Psychology%%%%Degree Awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. The Catholic University of America


of about 116,400 people and a labor force of about 59,450, is the smallest MSA in Kentucky. The city of Owensboro, however, is the fourth-largest city in the state, with a population of about 58,400. Henceforth, we will refer to the MSA when talking about Owensboro; the MSA includes Daviess, Hancock and McLean counties. Between 2003 and 2013, population in the MSA increased 5.1 percent, slower than the growth rates in both Kentucky (6.8 percent) and the nation (9 percent). Daviess County, where 84 percent of the MSA's population resides, registered the fastest population growth during this period (6.2 percent), followed by Hancock County (3.1 percent); on the other hand, McLean County's population declined 3.6 percent. Per capita personal income, although still below the national average, grew 44.2 percent between 2002 and 2012 to $36,641, faster than the 37.5 percent growth seen nationwide.


1 Purpose: The volleyball attack is the action winning the majority of points during a game and 2 attack effectiveness (AE) is therefore one of the most important predictors of victory. 3 Traditionally, greater vertical jump heights (VJH) and higher spike speeds (SS) have been 4 thought to increase AE, however relevant research is limited. Our aim was to assess the 5 relationship of VJH and SS with AE as well as identify possible associations of demographic 6 and anthropometric factors, including common volleyball injuries, with VJH, SS and AE. 7 Methods: Twenty two male volleyball players from two teams in the top division of the 8 Cypriot championship were included in the study. VJH was measured with the "jump-and9 reach" test, SS was tested with a sports speed radar and AE was calculated from performance 10 sheets of four games between the two teams. 11 Results: Significant results included strong, positive correlations between VJH and SS , %lean 12 mass and SS, body-bone% and SS, height and SS, and frequency of resistance training and SS. 13 AE was found to increase with increasing age, while SS over 90km·h appeared to have a 14 negative effect on AE. History of pain in the dominant shoulder and in the ankles/knees was 15 associated with lower SS and higher VJH respectively. 16 Conclusions: Based on our findings and the existing literature, we advise volleyball players 17 and coaches to focus on maximisation of VJH and optimisation of attack technique and we 18 provide recommendations to improve attack success. 19


People do judge other people by their appearance, and those judgments are already made within 100ms. This paper therefore investigates the relative impact of the facial Width-to-Hight ratio of a consultant on his clients' tendency towards a risky investment decision. Furthermore, this research investigates whether the facial Width-to-Hight ratio of a consultant influences clients' preferences of a consultant. The moderation effects of the variables age, gender and nationality were analyzed too. Hypotheses were tested by performing an online survey. Respondents were first asked which out of two consultants they prefer if they had to make a risky investment decision regardless of the situational context. After that, a fictional business problem was presented where two fictional consultants came up with a solution. The first consultant presented a rather secure solution with low risk involved, where the second consultant presented a riskier solution. Respondents were asked to choose among the two consultants and their ideas. The questionnaire with both questions got two versions, a version where the second consultant's face was small and a version where the second consultant's face was wide. The survey got 361 responses, 191 for version 1 and 170 for version 2. Contradicting with the hypotheses, it was found that people prefer a consultant with a wider face when making a risky investment decision. However, the facial Width-to-Hight ratio of a consultant does not have an influence on a clients' tendency towards a risky investment decision. Moderation effects were found for the variables age and nationality, where a wider face has a greater impact on professionals (with an age above 25) compared to students (with an age till 25) and on people with an Asian nationality compared to people with a European nationality.


There is a basic misconception that diesel fuel does not explode and/or ignite upon a collision or impact. This particular chain of events, in fact, does occur. However, it is not always thoroughly investigated or understood. The purpose of this paper, through mechanical analysis and accident reconstruction, is to inform truck manufacturers and operators of this hazard. In addition, it will supply design alternatives that will aid in mitigating and/or preventing injuries altogether.© 2006 ASME


Globalization as an international integration process brings several positive and negative impacts due to the exchange of world views, products, thoughts, and other cultural aspects that can diminish the values of national identity. Four pillars of nationality are needed as a foundation to counteract the negative effects of globalization, therefore a culturally, educative, legal and structural approach is needed so that the younger generation can truly understand and safeguard the four pillars of our nationality. So far the government has also played little role in building the four pillars into an education. This research intends to see how the role of education can build young generation of nationalism by using research design in the form of content analysis. The population in this study is the Education Office of Sidoarjo Regency, which is the level of Junior High School Education Unit. However, given the scope and breadth of the district of Sidoarjo, a representative sample is determined using FGD (Focus Group Discussion) data collection techniques and questionnaires that will be analyzed using written policy descriptions or unwritten policies. Through a series of research stages, it can be concluded that there are still many principals who have not integrated the culture of the four pillars of nationalism into a written and unwritten document covering intracurricular, extracurricular, school culture and through community participation.


This document emerged out of concerns from the Voluntary Drug Sector about the need for additional needle exchange services to match the increases in injecting drug use nationally. A working group was established to review the current position in relation to needle exchange provision in Ireland and assess how the relevant National Drug Strategy recommendations should be progressed as we enter the last year of the National Drug Strategy.


The book discussed several topics; the paper presents an evaluation of two issues only. As for ownership reform, there were alternative strategies suggested at that time. Strategy A recommended organic development: creating favorable conditions for bottom-up development of new entries; sale of state-owned firms, avoiding give-away schemes; and hardening the budget constraint. Strategy B proposed accelerated privatization, putting the emphasis on quick elimination of state-ownership. The main instrument was to give away state property (e.g. via a voucher-scheme), and shifting ownership into the hands of managers. "Road" suggested Strategy A, but the majority of the Western economics profession supported Strategy B. Experience seems to show the superiority of Strategy A. The author is less satisfied with the suggestions presented in the book for a stabilization program. The main weakness was the one-sided attention paid to short-term adjustment measures without sufficient elaboration of the profound institutional changes needed for sustainable stability.


We present experimental and theoretical results on hole-spin dynamics in bulk GaAs after ultrafast optical excitation. The experimental differential transmission are compared with a dynamical calculation of the momentum-resolved hole distributions, which includes the carrier-carrier, carrier-phonon and carrier-impurity interaction at the level of Boltzmann scattering integrals. We obtain good agreement with the experimentally determined hole-spin relaxation times, but point out that depending on how the spin-polarization dynamics is extracted, deviations from an exponential decay at short times occur. We also study theoretically the behavior of the spin-relaxation for heavily p-doped GaAs at low temperatures.


Objective To compare the effects of perioperative pulmonary function in laparoscopic and laparotomic cholecystectomy in elderly patients. Methods One handred and twenty patients suffering from cholecystitis and under going laparoscopic or laparotomic cholecystectomy were further divided into two groups on the basis of normal or abnormal pulmonary function. A standardized general anesthetic technique was used for all the patients. All pulmonary function parameters were monitored during the operation to compare the effects of pulmonary function in either laparoscopic or laparotomic cholecystectomy. Results (1)In laparoscopic groups with normal and abnormal pulmonary function, the end tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO 2), airway peak pressure (Ppeak), airway plat pressure (Pplat),and arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO 2) were increased (14 5%,45 1%,60 0% and 18 5% respectively) during the peritoneal insufflation, whereas, both respiratory compliance (C) and pH value (pH) were decreased significantly (42 0% and 2 7%) as compared with the preinsufflation value( P 0 01). After deflation of peritoneal cavity, the PetCO 2, Ppeak, Pplat, C, pH, and PaCO 2 recovered to preinsufflation level. (2)In laparotomic groups with normal or abnormal pulmonary function, no striking difference could be found during and after laparotomy in PetCO 2, Ppeak, Pplat, C, pH,and PaCO 2.(3)Between laparoscopic groups and laparotomic groups, striking difference was found during the operation, but not after the operation. (4)Postoperative pulmonary complications were much more and hospitalization was much longer in laparotomic groups than in laparoscopic groups. Conclusions Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is better than laparotomic cholecystectomy in geriatric patients with mild or moderate pulmonary dysfunction.


In this work, renewable energy facilities of Turkey were investigated. Electricity is mainly produced by thermal power plants, consuming coal, lignite, natural gas, fuel oil and geothermal energy, and hydro power plants in Turkey. Turkey has no large oil and gas reserves. The main indigenous energy resources are lignite, hydro and biomass. Turkey has to adopt new, long-term energy strategies to reduce the share of fossil fuels in primary energy consumption. For these reasons, the development and use of renewable energy sources and technologies are increasingly becoming vital for sustainable economic development of Turkey. The most significant developments in renewable production are observed hydropower and geothermal energy production. Renewable electricity facilities mainly include electricity from biomass, hydropower, geothermal, and wind and solar energy sources. Biomass cogeneration is a promising method for production bioelectricity.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of obtaining 1,5-dinitronaphtaline, in which naphtaline is nitrated with nitric acid in absence of sulphuric acid at temperature from 30°C to 80°C, nitric acid having concentration from 72 wt %, to 87 wt %, obtained reaction mixture is filtered at temperature from 5°C to 20°C and obtained solid residue is washed with water, 1,5-dinitronaphtaline is isolated from washed residue by washing with acetone. EFFECT: simplification of compound obtaining process. 7 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex


Chapter One: Introduction to the Study Rationale for Selecting the Topic Problem Statement Significance of the Study Definition of Key Terms Theoretical Perspective Related Literature Methodology Description of the Research Design Research Questions Description of the Setting and the Participants Data Collection Procedures Description and Justification of the Analyses Reflexivity Trustworthiness of the Study Credibility


This Technical Review Report (TRR) summarizes the review findings for the Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) for the Model 9977 B(M)F-96 shipping container. The content analyzed for this submittal is Content Envelope C.1, Heat Sources, in assemblies of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators or food-pack cans. The SARP under review, i.e., S-SARP-G-00001, Revision 2 (August 2007), was originally referred to as the General Purpose Fissile Material Package. The review presented in this TRR was performed using the methods outlined in Revision 3 of the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Packaging Review Guide (PRG) for Reviewing Safety Analysis Reports for Packages. The format of the SARP follows that specified in Revision 2 of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's, Regulatory Guide 7.9, i.e., Standard Format and Content of Part 71 Applications for Approval of Packages for Radioactive Material. Although the two documents are similar in their content, they are not identical. Formatting differences have been noted in this TRR, where appropriate. The Model 9977 Package is a 35-gallon drum package design that has evolved from a family of packages designed by DOE contractors at the Savannah River Site. The Model 9977 Package design includes a single, 6-inch diameter, stainless steel pressure vessel containment system (i.e.,more » the 6CV) that was designed and fabricated in accordance with Section III, Subsection NB, of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code. The earlier package designs, i.e., the Model 9965, 9966, 9967 and 9968 Packages, were originally designed and certified in the 1980s. In the 1990s, updated package designs that incorporated design features consistent with new safety requirements, based on International Atomic Energy Agency guidelines, were proposed. The updated package designs were the Model 9972, 9973, 9974 and 9975 Packages, respectively. The Model 9975 Package was certified by the Packaging Certification Program, under the Office of Safety Management and Operations. Differences between the Model 9975 Package and the Model 9977 Package include: (1) The lead shield present in the Model 9975 Package is absent in the Model 9977 Package; (2) The Model 9975 Package has eight allowable contents, while the Model 9977 Package has a single allowable content. (3) The 6CV of the Model 9977 Package is similar in design to the outer Containment Vessel of the Model 9975 Package that also incorporates a 5-inch Containment Vessel as the inner Containment Vessel. (4) The Model 9975 Package uses a Celotex{reg_sign}-based impact limiter while the Model 9977 Package uses Last-A-Foam{reg_sign}, a polyurethane foam, for the impact limiter. (5) The Model 9975 Package has two Containment Vessels, while the Model 9977 Package has a single Containment Vessel.« less


Changes in water-soluble arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) in cabbages at five stages (I, seedlings with cotyledon; II, young seedlings with five to six leaves; III, initiation of head formation; IV, completion of head formation; V, flower staslk development) during the course of development were investigated. The results indicate that only the white head portion contained the higher molecular weight AGP (A-I) together with the lower molecular weight AGP (A-II) with the largest at stage IV. On the other hand, green leaves contained only A-II and its content decreased rapidly with progress of growth from stage I to stage IV. The chemical composition analyses also showed that the hydroxyproline content decreased significantly with growth.Based on these results, we concluded that cabbage leaves contained water-soluble AGPs throughout the growth of cabbage and AGP A-I was specific for head formation of cabbage.


Load balancing is a critical issue for achieving good performance in parallel and distributed systems. However, this issue is neglected in the research area of software DSMs in the past decade. Based on the observation that scientific applications can be classified into two categories: iterative and non-iterative, we propose two dynamic scheduling schemes for these two cases respectively in this paper. For iterative scientific applications, a dynamic task migration technique is proposed which characterizes itself with integrating computation migration and data migration together. An affinity-based self scheduling (ABS) is proposed for non-iterative scientific applications, which take both the static and dynamic processor affinity into consideration when scheduling. The target experiment platform is a state-of-the-art home-based DSM system named JIAJIA. Performance evaluation results show that the novel task migration scheme improves the performance ranging from 36% to 50% compared with a static task allocation scheme in a metacomputing environment, and performs better than traditional task (computation-only) migration approach about 12.5% for MAT, and 37.5% for SOR and EM3D. Higher resource utilization is achieved via the new task migration scheme too. In comparison with other loop scheduling schemes, the ABS achieves the best performance among all scheduling schemes in a metacomputing environment because of the reduction of synchronization overhead and the great improvement of waiting time resulting from load imbalance.


Submitted for the DAMOP05 Meeting of The American Physical Society Quantum control of ultracold atomic collisions in optical lattices IVAN DEUTSCH, RENE STOCK, University of New Mexico — We present a new method for robustly controlling collisions of ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices based on the "trap-induced shape resonance" (TISR) [1]. Like the magnetic Feschbach resonance, in the TISR a weakly-bound molecular state is made resonant with a trap vibrational state through the trapping potential energy. The TISR allows for strong interaction between trapped but separated atoms, providing new avenues for robust encodings of quantum information, protected from fluctuations in control parameters. A particularly promising candidate species is 133Cs, whose dimer potential posses an extremely weakly bound state near dissociation. Scattering lengths on the order of 100nm are possible for appropriate choices of encodings, larger that the typical trapped wavepacket, and thus leading to very strong interaction. To deal with the complexity of the multichannel scattering problem at short range, and the trapping potential at long range, we have developed a generalized multichannel energy-dependent Fermi pseudo-potential, including higher partial waves, and second order spin-orbit coupling [2]. [1] R. Stock et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 183201 (2003). [2] R. Stock et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 023202 (2005). Ivan Deutsch University of New Mexico Date submitted: 28 Jan 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


Study of acoustic and thermodynamic properties of Pyridine with alcohols with a view to determination of molecular interaction with various acoustic and thermodynamic parameters. The ultrasound velocity, density and viscosity measurement have been utilized to compute several parameters such as specific acoustic impedance, isentropic compressibility, intermolecular free length, molar volume, available volume, Rao's Constant. Wada's constant, shear's relaxation time and their excess values. Ultrasound velocity is determined by interferometric technique and used the ultrasonic interferometer. Density is determined by calibrated double walled bi-capillary pycknometer. Viscosity is determined by viscometer.


ABSTRACT Although the construct of online engagement has received considerable attention in the consumer behavior literature, academic research lacks clear conceptualization and rigorous measurement of the construct within social media. Further, a lack of consensus remains with regard to the conceptualization and operationalization of engagement in the marketing literature. This study develops and validates a 16-item online engagement scale comprising four factors: conscious attention, affection, enthused participation, and social connection. Strong evidence supports the reliability of the multidimensional conceptualization, as well as its convergent and discriminant validity. The scale offers a framework for future research investigations in an increasingly important area.


Design considerations are discussed for a ground-based high-resolution scanning spectrometer in which thermal background radiation to the detector is reduced to the level of the detector NEP by cooling the interferometers to liquid nitrogen temperature.


Dissertation submitted for obtain the degree of Master in Electrical and Computer Engineering (Area of specialization: Information Technology for Enterprise Management), at the Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, under supervisory Prof. Jose Manuel Mendonca


Taken together with the shape of the adsorption isotherm, the adsorption and desorption dynamics of hydrophobically end-modified poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on silica suggest that adsorbed layers are comprised of two general populations:  a tightly adsorbed underlayer and a loosely bound outer layer. The former is driven by a large number of hydrogen bonding interactions between the PEO's ether groups and nondissociated surface silanols, per the classical model of homopolymer adsorption with tails, loops, and trains. The outer layer is held in place by hydrophobic interactions, about 7−8 kT between the chain ends. In the dilute limit, transport-limited adsorption kinetics suggests that chains adsorb individually and that the adsorbed layer contains only the chains tightly bound via backbone−surface interactions. At greater free solution concentrations, still dilute, entire clusters adsorb and the layer contains both tightly bound and hydrophobically associated populations. The loosely bound outer layer res...


Several techniques were investigated for resurfacing molybdenum sheets so that they may be reused many times as temporary substrates for the deposition of thin silicon microcrystalline ribbons by the TESS (Thermal Expansion Shear Separation) process. Wet chemical etching was found to leave too nonuniform a surface. Plasma etching was too slow for economical consideration. Surface grinding working well, but was still projected to be too expensive to meet the long range SERI goals. Electropolishing was determined to be both practical and economical.


This paper reports on the Phase II activities of the SOLAR TECH Project as carried out by the cooperating institutions under the direction of the Office of Solar Project Director. The Phase II development was done by the Director's Office with the help of the five educational institutions in the United States and Canada, where the program was introduced and taught through the first year and a half (Phase II). In this phase, instructional materials were developed and designed through the efforts of the center and staff which were then pilot tested on enrolled students at the associated institutions.


The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in serious consequences for all those patients who need treatment for any other routine ailments. The worst sufferers are the patients who need to undergo elective or non-emergency surgical procedures. But globally, no concrete steps have so far been taken to reduce the huge suffering of routine surgical patients either during or the aftermath of the pandemic. The aim of this study is not only to draw global attention by highlighting the magnitude of suffering faced by routine surgical patients but also to put the much-needed proposal for the urgent need of universal guidance to counter the huge challenges waiting ahead. In an attempt to find the scale of problems faced by patients in need of routine surgical procedures and their suggested solutions available to date, we did an extensive search online on different search engines and scientific databases. Unfortunately, no country is tracking or reporting the data of routine surgical patients affected by this pandemic. Whatever estimated data in this regard is projected, is catastrophic. The worst at the global level is that no step has so far been taken to look into any solution for this huge suffering faced by millions of people. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a huge challenge for routine surgical patients across most of the affected parts of the world, and we cannot turn a blind eye for long time on this issue. All stakeholders at the global level must come forward with uniform guidance to handle this global emergency during and post-pandemic time.


The influence of disc radiation capture upon black hole rotational evolution is negligible for radiatively inefficient discs. For the standard thin disc modelit is a slight but potentially important effect leading to the equilibrium spin parameter value of aeq ' 0:998. For optically thin discs, the fraction of disc radiation captured by the black hole is however about two times larger. In some disc radiation models, inner parts of the accretion flow are optically thin, advection-dominated flows, and the thin disc ends at some transition radius Rtr. The thermal energy of the disc stored in trapped radiation is released at this radius. Angular distribution of the radiation released at this radial photosphere facilitates its capture by the black hole. For accretion rates close to critical and disc truncation radius Rtr ' (2 � 4)GM=c 2 , radiation capture is most efficient in spinning the black hole down that may lead toaeq � 0:996 � 0:997 or less depending on the mass accretion rate. For an accretion flow radiating some > > �


Numerous data breaches and ransomware attacks in recent history have highlighted the importance of data security. There is always a trade off between security and end-user autonomy. Organizations need methods of securing data without overly hindering productivity. Current systems either do not provide enough control over data usage or overly restrict users and hinder productivity. This project designs and implements a system intended to provide fine-grained control over data while allowing end-users more freedom over their systems. Our system leverages the confidentiality benefits of virtualization to provide end-users with multiple environments to work. These environments are protected by security controls proportional to the data contained within. Users are allowed environments for high-risk activity and are confined to interact with sensitive data in low-risk environments. We build a data provenance tracking system to label, update, and transmit data provenance labels. Provenance labels determine how data is distributed among different risk environments. We build a distributed network control system to manage what network connections each environment can make. Network connections can be allowed or denied based off a centralized rule matrix. We perform benchmark testing on the data provenance tracking system and network control system, and find that their overhead does not pose a threat to the usability of the systems it governs. We evaluate the mechanism that transmits provenance labels and likewise conclude that it does not impede the usability of the system or the network on which it transmits. We also monitor the latency, or responsiveness, of the network control system and found minor impact.


Objective To investigate the relationship between renal dysfunction(RD)and multi- ple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)in acute serious mountain sickness(ASMS).Methods A survey was made to retrospectively study 3184 patients suffered from ASMS in the past 50 years and statistical analysis was made to determined the relationship between these patients with RD and MODS.Results All of the patients,18.85% was complicated by serum electrolyte abnormality and 17.48% by renal failure. Besides,there were renal function abnormality in patients with ASMS and complicated by MODS was more serious than that in patients who were not complicated by MODS.Further analysis revealed that RD might be caused by retention of noxious substances in kidney and their damage to vascular endothelial and blood clotting function,thus aggravating stress reaction and activating systemic inflammatory response.Conclu- sion renal disfunction in patients with ASMS was one of the causes of other organ injury,which finally led to MODS.


Cipanas springs water supply system was started in the 1989 and operated by PDAM Cibadak – Sukabumi. Hydraulic model predicts insufficient head available to supply Karang Tengah reservoir downstream of the system. It suggests that high level of non-revenue water and uncontrolled distribution network extensions contribute to that condition. Proposal is made for non-revenue-water control and optimizes Cipanas system. It is recommended that a detailed analysis be carried out in order to determine the most cost effective solutions.


Long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of colitis-associated dysplasia and colorectal cancer (CRC). Sporadic adenomas (SAs) develop as discrete, typically visible lesions and are few in number. In contrast, field cancerization occurs in IBD when the entire chronically inflamed mucosa is at risk of neoplastic transformation, resulting in high rates of synchronous and metachronous neoplasms. Observational studies have demonstrated that surveillance colonoscopy in IBD is associated with a reduction in CRC development and related mortality, and an increased detection of early-stage CRC. Screening colonoscopy is recommended 8 to 10 years after symptom onset. Patients are subsequently stratified into high-risk, intermediate-risk, or low-risk groups, with surveillance intervals of 1, 2 to 3, and 5 years, respectively. Dye-based high-definition chromoendoscopy is recommended, and virtual chromoendoscopy is regarded as a viable alternative. However, even with the use of image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE), endoscopic diagnosis of dysplasia in IBD remains challenging due to the flat morphology, background chronic inflammation, and the presence of post-inflammatory pseudopolyps. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy is now commercially available and has been demonstrated to improve detection rates of SA when compared to IEE in non-IBD patients. AI has also been shown to be useful to differentiate neoplastic from hyperplastic polyps. However, such AI systems and outcome data are lacking in the context of IBD. In this issue of Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamamoto et al. evaluated a pilot AI system for classifying neoplasms occurring in IBD (IBDN) and compared it with the performance of endoscopists. The AI system was developed using non-magnified still images of CRC, high-grade dysplasia (HGD), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), SA, and normal mucosa (NM) to differentiate the "CRC/HGD" group from the "LGD/SA/NM" group. The AI system appeared to perform better than endoscopists, with the diagnostic accuracy of the AI system being 79.0%, compared to 75.8% by non-expert endoscopists and 77.8% by expert endoscopists. With prior studies focusing only on AI prediction of disease activity in IBD, both in terms of endoscopy and histology, this is the first to investigate the use of AI for diagnosing dysplasia and classifying IBDN. Although promising, these are but preliminary results with a need to further improve the diagnostic performance of the AI system. The proposed two-tier IBDN classification is useful in detecting "CRC/HGD" group for consideration of proctocolectomy but does not differentiate LGD or SA from normal mucosa. Once trained and validated, the AI system has to be tested in different populations for the results to be generalizable. It is felt that the vast majority of LGD and HGD should be endoscopically visible when high-definition white light endoscopy is performed, especially when combined with chromoendoscopy. There is now greater emphasis on performing targeted as opposed to random biopsies to screen for dysplasia when high-definition endoscopy is used. A randomized trial that compared high-definition chromoendoscopy with high-definition white light endoscopy reported invisible dysplasia obtained from random biopsies in 3.9% and 2%, respectively. However, even the presence of indefinite dysplasia found on random biopsies identifies patients as having higher risk for subsequent HGD/CRC. In addition, histological non-conventional dysplastic lesions (hypermucinous, goblet cell-deficient, crypt cell dysplasia, dysplasia with increased Paneth cell differentiation, and serrated type) are not uncommon and can be endoscopically invisible/flat. Non-conventional-type dysplasia may potentially have a higher malignant potential. Thus, a lack of consensus regarding whether to perform random biopsies in addition to targeted biopsies during endoscopic surveillance for dysplasia remains. These observations further highlight the potential value of an AI system that can detect endoscopically invisible dysplasia, rather than simply characterize a detected lesion. Similar to endoscopic diagnosis, the histological diagnosis of dysplasia can be challenging, especially when there is ongoing active inflammation posing interpretation difficulties in distinguishing dysplasia from inflammatory colonic crypt atypia based on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. When the diagnosis of dysplasia is equivocal, repeat colonoscopy and biopsies at short intervals are recommended. The availability of digital pathology platforms in recent years has facilitated research on the use of AI in histopathology, and prior AI models have focused on AI prediction of histopathological diagnosis in IBD. An AI algorithm for digital pathology that can directly recognize and diagnose dysplasia in IBD is difficult to develop. In colitis-associated CRC, there is reversal of the APC and P53 sequence of molecular alterations, with P53 changes occurring very early, preceding overt dysplasia. Evaluation of p53 expression by immunohistochemistry has been used as a diagnostic biomarker in colitis-associated dysplasia and CRC. However, performing p53 immunohistochemistry in addition to H&E staining for all specimens suspected of IBD-associated dysplasia may be costly and time-consuming. A recent paper reported on the development of an AI system to predict p53 immunohistochemical staining from H&E-stained slides. Results were promising with reported sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.73 to 0.83, 0.91 to 0.92, and 0.86 to 0.91, respectively. Such an AI technique can serve as an adjunct to the histological diagnosis of IBD-associated dysplasia that is both cost-effective and time efficient. IBD-associated CRC is a leading cause for mortality and colectomy. A holistic approach encompasses optimal disease control to reduce risk of dysplasia, and effective endoscopic surveillance, early diagnosis, and either endoscopic or surgical resection of detected dysplasia. AI holds tremendous potential to address the unmet needs in endoscopic and histological diagnosis of dysplasia in IBD. Early steps have been taken, and we await more definitive work that will change practice in the future. doi:10.1111/jgh.15943


This article originally appeared in the April 2016 Employment Law Committee newsletter.I. What is the status of the President's immigration programs, and how do they affect employers?IN late November, 2014, President Obama announced several major initiatives intended to fix a number of problems with the current immigration system and promote a more predictable system going forward. The most publicized of the initiatives-deferral of removal of illegal parents of United States citizen children-became the target of lawsuits to prevent implementation. The significance of this measure, should it ultimately become effective, obliges employers to keep abreast of the status of this initiative, as well as other related measures. Several of the significant measures are addressed here.A. Deferred authorization for spouses of H-1B visa holdersH-IB is a common work visa. Dependent spouses and children hold H-4 status, but are not allowed to work. As of May 26, 2015, H-4 spouses (but not H-4 children) may apply for and receive work authorization. Work will be authorized where either (1) the H-1B principal has an approved Immigrant Petition (1-140) or (2) the H-1B principal has received an H1B extension based on a permanent labor certification application or an 1-140 petition already pending for at least one year. This is a significant change from past practice and brings the H-1B visa into line with other oft-used employment based visas by adding H-4 spouses to the group eligible to obtain work authorization. Employers who alert their H-1B employees to this opportunity will generate great good will.B. Deferred Action for Child Arrivals ("DACA")DACA was created to stem the removal of undocumented individuals below a certain age brought here as children who effectively grew up in the United States. It does not create a ?lawful status' for the participants but instead, provides immediate relief from the fear of deportation and allows for work authorization. The DACA program, first implemented in 2012, was to be expanded by the elimination of the upper age limit (birth date cut off of June 15, 1981 eliminated) and by shortening the required continuous U.S. residence period from June 15, 2007, to January 1, 2010. Additionally, work authorization would be issued for three years, instead of two years. It was anticipated that applications under the new rules would be accepted sometime in February 2015. The expansion of this program, however, was enjoined in the same proceeding which halted implementation of the Deferred Action for Parental Accountability, discussed next. If eventually implemented, employers should know of this initiative since by expanding DACA's coverage it could affect employee's children.C. Deferred Action for Parental Accountability ("DAPA")This brand new program, which mimics DACA, was created to benefit the parents of U.S. citizens or Lawful Permanent Residents (green card holders), where the parent is in the U.S. illegally. It is intended to address the problem of U.S. citizen or permanent resident children being stranded in the U.S., or being de facto deported when their parents are removed due to illegal presence. Parents with good behavior and who have continuously resided in the U.S. since January 1, 2010, and were out of status as of November 20, 2014, would be eligible to apply for deferred action, relieving them from anxiety over removal. This initiative provides for employment authorization, which would be issued for three (3) years. At the time of announcement, it was anticipated that applications for this status would be accepted in May 2015. Before the injunction, substantial steps were taken to prepare for implementation of the DAPA initiative including planning for establishment of a 1,000 employee Citizenship and Immigration Services service center devoted to processing the expected millions of DAPA applications.In a ruling announced on February 16, 2015, (State of Texas, et. …


Abstract Hypercalcemia frequently complicates the course of patients with neoplastic disease. The clinical manifestations of this electrolyte imbalance may overshadow those of the underlying disord...


A computer program has been developed for rapid screening and identification of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The program utilizes the ultraviolet absorption spectra for these hydrocarbons. It uses three classification schemes based on tolerance limits of 1, 2, and 5 nanometers and lists ten possibilities at each tolerance level in the decreasing order of probability. The number of probabilities at each tolerance level provides a measure for identification of hydrocarbons. The shifts in the absorption peaks due to the solvent, and the usefulness of the program and its application are discussed.


The effect of NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and morphactin (methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate) on the uptake and incorporation of uridine-5-3H and l-leucineU-14C was studied in senescing bean endocarp (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Kentucky wonder pole beans) sections. Both growth regulators inhibited uptake of these precursors and appeared to affect different components of the uptake mechanism. A possible synergistic inhibition was seen in case of leucine, but in case of uridine, the effect was less than additive.

A strong synergistic increase in the incorporation of l-leucine into protein was seen. Thus, morphactin interacted with an exogenously applied auxin at the level of the protein synthesizing apparatus.


The U. Albian-L. Cenomanian «Black Flysch)) in the BaquioGuernica area (northern Spain), is made up of several types of sandstone and black mudstone facies, with minor siliceous conglomerates and carbonates. It was formed through the development of three turbidite current dispersa1 systems on a slope apron facing the SW. These systems were probably affected by slight halokinetic confinements, and together fed a NE-SW oriented sinsedimentary trough between Arminza and Guernica. The «Black Flysch~ of this area, whose maximum thickness is about 1000 meters, consists of two main megasequences which could have been the result of relative sea-leve1 variations and/or tectonic pulses.


Steganography is a science and art of hiding data on a media. Steganography is created as one of the methods used to secure data by hiding it in other media so that it is "not visible". LSB insertion is done by modifying the last bit in one byte of data. The final result of this application is a stego image that contains the inserted message. The stego image has the exact same size and shape as the original image media. Even though the pixel bits of the image media has changed due to insertion, the changes are not so significant, so that they cannot be detected by ordinary human eyes. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of giving noise and rotating objects by 180 degrees. From the research, it was found that giving light noise did not damage the information in the image. While large noise causes information in the image cannot be extracted. Likewise, when the image is rotated 180 degrees, the text cannot be extracted.


Five structural properties — consensus, role differentiation, fragmentation, status differentiation, and solidarity — were measured by quantitative sociometric procedures on a heterogeneous sample of 104 groups (42 nuclear families, 19 university classes, 22 student peer groups, and 21 patrols of boy scouts and girl guides). Role differentiation, fragmentation, and status differentiation were measured sociometrically with fair reliability. Consensus, role differentiation, status differentiation, and solidarity showed a fair degree of convergent validity when compared with outside informants' and members' judgements of the same group properties, assessed from multiple-item scales. Discriminant validity was adequate for the measures of role differentiation and status differentiation, but consensus and solidarity were not well enough distinguished by informants to yield adequate discriminant validity for these two sociometric measures.


Google glass is a type of wearable technology with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD). It was developed by Google with a goal of producing mass-market ubiquitous computers. It looks like a pair of eyeglasses, except, the lens of the Google glass is a user-interactive display and supports Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity. It was primarily designed to take phone calls, send texts, take photos and videos and deliver search results. Google glass also supports natural language voice commands. In this paper, we will see the internal working and modeling of the Google glass. Also in this paper we will see the different advantages and disadvantages that Google Glass possesses.


BACKGROUND
The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) study showed that treatment with raloxifene reduces the risk of vertebral fracture and breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE
Based on the MORE study the aim of the present study was to assess the cost effectiveness of raloxifene (compared with no treatment) for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Sweden.

DESIGN
A revised version of a previously developed computer simulation model was used. The impact of the risk-reducing effect of raloxifene on vertebral fractures and breast cancer on cost effectiveness was analysed using a clinical and a morphometric definition of vertebral fracture. Benefits of raloxifene treatment were measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and life-years gained. The study estimated the cost effectiveness mainly from a healthcare perspective but the cost effectiveness taking a societal perspective was also analysed.

RESULTS
Intervention costs (in Swedish kronor [SEK] and euros [euro], year 2001 values) in postmenopausal women with a relative risk of vertebral fracture of 2 were SEK372000 (euro40000), SEK303000 (euro33000) and SEK263000 (euro28000) per QALY for women aged 60, 70 and 80 years, at start of treatment, respectively, when the clinical vertebral definition was used. The cost effectiveness using a clinical morphometric vertebral fracture definition was similar to the cost effectiveness using a clinical vertebral fracture definition.

CONCLUSIONS
In relation to accepted threshold values for cost per QALY in Sweden, this model indicates, with its underlying assumptions and data, that raloxifene (compared with no treatment) is cost effective for the treatment of postmenopausal women at an increased risk of vertebral fracture, from the Swedish healthcare and societal perspectives.


How do new infrastructures for the movement of goods, people, and ideas get built, and how do they change? How do infrastructures function as instruments for new modes of political power and control? Can social actorsmobilize to shape the direction of infrastructure change? These are the core questions that animate this excellent set of articles written by an emerging cohort of STS scholars with an interest in Indonesia. Each of the articles presents a case study of a specific infrastructure project: Mohsin traces the history of a state-led project to build out the electrical grid in Bali during Indonesia's NewOrder; Padawangi examines the politics of a community-based project aimed at expanding piped water service to poor neighborhoods in Jakarta; Fatimah analyzes a university-based project to establish a new biofuel industry in Sumbawa; and Budiastuti describes the deployment of a new DNA tracking system for Indonesian timber exports. Taken together, these case studies contribute to an emerging picture of sociotechnical change in Indonesia that draws sharp contrasts between how infrastructures were built and organized during the New Order period (1966– 98) and how they are coming to be built and organized now. During the New Order, new infrastructures were built mainly by the state in a topdown fashion and aimed to modernize Indonesian society by incorporating Indonesians into the expanding global capitalist economy while retaining centralized state control. In more recent years, infrastructure innovation has been driven by private firms and nonstate actors and has focused much more on expanding the reach of capitalism by developing distributed forms of governance and control. In what follows, I describe the central features of the New Order pattern of infrastructure innovation and show some of the ways these features have become "unbundled" and are being refashioned for use in the post–New Order era. I then draw on the case studies to ask, how is the old politics of infrastructure being rearticulated, challenged, or subverted now that the state's role has been diminished?


PURPOSE: To reduce the wear of a control rod by a structure for reducing the flow of a cooling material that passes from an upper plenum to a guide pipe when a control rod assembly is arranged at a pulled-out position. CONSTITUTION: When a control rod assembly 60 is located at a position where it is completed pulled out, and a drive rod 68 is extended downwoard in an upper guide pipe 62, the drive rod 68 is extended downward into an upper guide pipe 62 U and then is connected to a control rod spider 80. The upper guide pipe 62U has a cylindrical pipe wall 106 and an upper surrounding plate 108 being extended to cover the open upper edge part of the pipe wall 106. The upper surrounding plate 108 has a hole 110 for one-piece structure of the drive rod and the control rod. Then, the hole 110 is in a sufficient size to provide a gap 112 between the control rod assembly 60 and the upper surrounding plate 108 so that the cooling material flows from an upper plenum 54 to the upper guide pipe 62U. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


A study of lyophilization as it affects the extraction of the alkaloids, chlorophyll A and B, total extractive, total nitrogenous extractive and soluble carbohydrates of Atropa belladonna L. was made. The leaves that were lyophilized were frozen at the. moment of collection so as to retard any possible enzymatic reactions. The results show that lyophilization of Atropa belladonna leaves does not affect the amount or rate of extraction of alkaloids, but the amount of total extractive, soluble nitrogenous material, soluble carbohydrate, and the quality of chlorophyll are affected.


Peptidyl compounds bearing a substituent imidazole of general formula (I), wherein R 1 is alkyl of C 16, C 2-6 alkenyl, alkylaryl (C 16 alkyl), aryl, alkyl-heteroaryl ( C 1-6 alkyl), heteroaryl or alkyl-AR 9 (the C 1-6 alkyl, wherein A is O, NR 9 S (O) M, where M = 0-2, YR SUP, 9 EN H , C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl-AR ILO (C 1-4 alkyl) O alkyl-heteroaryl (C 1-4 alkyl is); if A = NR 9 R 9 GROUP BE the same or different; R 2 is hydrogen or alkyl C 1-6 GROUP; R 3 is a group [ALQ] NR 6 where Alk is an alkyl of C 1-6 or alkenyl C 2 to 6 and n is zero O 1; X is NR 9, OOS and it is not CR 4; R SUP, 4 YR 5 are the same or different and are R 9, COR 13 aLKYL - R 13 (C 1-3 alkyl) O ALQUILCOR 13 ( alkyl is C 1-3); R 7 is hydrogen OR 10 CO where R 10 is alkyl of 1-4 C, alkylaryl (EL C 1-4 alkyl, alkyl-heteroaryl (EL AL QUILO OF 1- C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 3-6 alkyl-C ICLOALQUILO (FIRST C 1-4 alkyl, cycloalkyl OF SUB C 3-6 alkenyl C 2-6, alkenyl C 2-6 aryl, aryl or heteroaryl; R 8 is aryl (optionally Susti tuted with R 11), heteroaryl (optionally substituted with R 11), C 1-4 alkyl (optionally substituted with R 11, etc., have therapeutic utility by their inhibitory effect on metalloproteinases and ON THE Tumor Necrosis Factor.


S-rough sets (Singular rough sets) improves Z. Pawlak rough sets, and S-rough sets has dynamic characteristics. By employing one direction S-rough sets, a generation method of one direction S-rough decision law is presented. The concepts of upper-decision law, lower-decision law, one direction S-rough decision law, one direction S-rough decision law kernel, one direction S-rough decision law band and one direction S-rough decision law hull are proposed. The theorems about decision law inference and decision law mining are presented. The criterion of rough decision law mining is given.


This paper examines the extent to which strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is implemented in Tanzania and whether its implementation is in line with generally practised procedures/criteria. Out of 17 completed SEA, eight cases were purposively selected and assessed by applying an analytical framework that incorporates commonly accepted SEA criteria, which require SEA to be integrated, sustainability-led, stakeholder-driven, inclusive, as well as accountable and transparent. The study finds that the SEAs are not completely consistent or inconsistent with any of the five ideal criteria.


Due to the omnidirectional mobile robot's maneuverability, stability and its relatively simple control, it is used in wide range of applications. The aim of this paper is to develop a sliding mode controller that enables a three wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot to perform trajectory tracking tasks based on the robot's kinematic model. The performance of the sliding mode controller is illustrated by way of some simulation scenarios. The paper also provides a simulation software package, which is designed to allow users to investigate the trajectory tracking control problem for an omnidirectional mobile robot without the need to go through the cumbersome process of kinematic modelling and the sliding mode control design.


We report a novel GaAs-based device in which I = 3/2 nuclear spins of 69Ga, 71Ga and 75As in a nanometer scale region can be manipulated by all-electrical means. The device comprises a quantum point contact (QPC), a narrow conduction channel in a GaAs quantum well defined by split gates, integrated with an additional metal strip on top for applying a radio-frequency (RF) pulse. With the device set in a special condition characterized by the Landau-level filling factor v = 2/3, nuclear spins in the narrow region near the QPC can be selectively polarized by driving a current through the QPC. By applying a resonant RF pulse, the polarized nuclei can be coherently manipulated, which we detect through the electrical resistance of the QPC. Different from the conventional nuclear magnetic resonance measuring the transverse component of the magnetization, our device measures the longitudinal component, which enables us to observe otherwise invisible multiple quantum coherences between states with z projection of the angular momentum differing by more than one. By appropriately tuning the length, intensity, and detuning of the RF pulse, all possible coherent superposition between two out of the four Zeeman levels can be created for each nuclide.


In describing prefix polysemy major attention was drawn to the problem of distinguishing the semantics of the prefix from the semantics of the verbal root (Gallant 1979, Flier 1984, Zaliznjak 2006). However, another important problem has mostly been neglected and still remains unsolved: how to distinguish prefix semantics from the meaning of a construction? We address this problem in the case study of the Russian verbal prefix ZA-, which is on of the most productive and semantically diverse prefixes in Russian (Čertkova 1996). We argue that construction can be an additional factor in defining prefix polysemy. We report on the analysis of all Russian perfective verbs prefixed in ZAthat are attested in the Russian National Corpus (www.ruscorpora.ru) and are formed via prefixation from an imperfective base verb. We adopt a cognitive approach to prefix polysemy and propose a semantic model of the prefix ZA-, different from Janda (1986) and Shull (2003). As apposed to previous research, we suggest a "double" prototype for ZA-, namely COVER/BEHIND, and a different structure of the radial network. As shown in Figure 1, the network is split into 3 major blocks of submeanings. The bottom block consists of metaphorical extensions from full and partial covering (e.g. 'metaphorical full covering': in sound domain (zaglušit 'snuff out, damp'), in domain of emotions (zapugat' 'daunt')), while the upper block includes most grammaticalized submeanings of ZA(ingressive and resultative). This talk focuses on the central block of the diagram, where different readings of the same motion verbs to a large extent depend on the construction. We present two case studies of the motion verbs zaplyt' 'ZA-swim' and zajti 'ZA-go'. In both cases the verbs exhibit three different meanings:


Based on the advantages of accurate content,high bioavailability and easy to use,the traditional Chinese soft capsules arouse people's concerns day by day.In order to improve the preparation technology and the product quality,promote the rapid development of Chinese medicine,this paper summarized the suitable drug,capsule shell material and preparation methods of the traditional Chinese soft capsule discussed the existing problems.


In recent years, developments in plug in hybrid electric vehicles have provided various environmental and economic advantages. In the future smart grids, electric vehicles are seen as an important means of transportation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the main issues regarding to this sort of vehicles is managing their charging time to prevent high peak loads over time. Deploying advanced metering and automatic chargers can be a practical way not only for the vehicle owners to manage their energy consumption, but also for the utilities to manage the electricity load during the day by shifting the charging loads to the off-peak periods. Additionally, an efficient charging schedule can reduce the user's electricity bill cost. In this paper we propose a new coordinated multi-period management model for electric vehicles charging scheduling based on multi-objective approach, aiming at optimizing customers charging cost. In the proposed method, a stochastic model is given for starting time of charging, which makes the method a practical tool for simulating the vehicle owners charging behavior effectively. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two market policies are used as case studies. The computation results can be used to evaluate the impact of electric vehicles scheduling on economic performance of smart grid.


A new class of nitro-functionalized α,β-unsaturated esters has been prepared by a regio- and diastereoselective Michael addition of nitroalkanes to β-nitroacrylates, performed at room temperature, under carbonate on polymer as promoter, and in the presence of ethyl acetate as eco-friendly solvent. Moreover, by the modular choice of the reaction conditions the method allows the synthesis of 1,3-butadiene-2-carboxylates.


The Laboratory for Laser Energetic's Omega Upgrade Laser system requires the use of high laser damage threshold sol-gel anti-reflection coatings.1 The need for sol-gel coatings required the development of several different production level processes to coat a variety of components. There are over 1,200 large aperture components in the system with sol-gel coatings including, input spatial filter lenses, frequency conversion crystals (KDP), laser amplifier windows, liquid crystal devices, CCD camera arrays, final focus lenses, and blastshields. Many of these devices were hardened in an ammonia atmosphere prior to use.


The present invention is an operation control device (12a-12d) and the medical table, that is directed to a method and apparatus for transmitting the IR data in both (pair) direction between the operating table (10a-10d), the operating table (10a-10d) and a work control device (12a-12d) is a member (subscriber) in the transmission of the IR data, respectively, includes an IR transmitter (16,22) and the IR receiver (18,24), data to be transmitted by the transmission member is in turn the data blocks, are divided so that the respective short circuit between the transmission of each data block, characterized in that the data from the other members and transmitted during the short circuit. Bidirectional IR data transfer


The Supreme Court rejected Mississippi's argument that the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 is unconstitutional and constitutes federal instrusion in state regulation. The decision was welcomed by cogenerators and small power producers, but another court challenge over Federal Energy Regulatory Commission rules remains to settle avoided-cost payments and interconnection rights. Whether the Mississippi suit was harmful to cogeneration investments is under dispute. (DCK)


Dental erosions are non-carious damages of hard dental tissues, resulting from their dissolution by the action of acids, whose presence in the oral cavity is not associated with the metabolic activity of cariogenic bacteria. Erosion losses are initiated on the enamel surface, and lack of control over their progress leads to the gradual destruction of dental tissues. The problem of the occurrence of dental erosion is increasingly present in the Polish population. An alarming intensification of this phenomenon can be found among adolescents and young adults. Due to the complex etiology of erosive lesions, new methods are sought to enhance the protective potential of dental tissues against erosive factors. New formulations of dentifrice with stannous fluoride stabilized with sodium hexametaphosphate are generating particular interest. The several years of presence of these products on the Polish market have provoked us to undertake studies evaluating their effectiveness in various areas of dental problems. This paper reviews literature reports on the effect of SnF2-containing toothpastes in reducing the occurrence of erosive lesions. Results indicate that dentifrice with stabilized formula of fluoride, tin, and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is more effective in protecting the enamel from erosion when compared with toothpastes containing other fluoride compounds. Prolonged application of formulation included SnF2 gradually increase the dental tissue resistance to acid attack (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 2, 268–272).


Radical scavenging activity of diethyl ether fraction from sea lettuce tree (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.) using DPPH. The of research aims is determine the radical scavenging activity of sea lettuce tree based on the binding of free radical DPPH. Was conducted the research on test radical scavenging activity of sea lettuce tree (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.) and then compared with the radical scavenging activity Vitamin C. Five thousand grams of sea lettuce tree (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.) extraced by maceration using ethanol. Dry ethanol extract was partitioned with solid-liquid partition, using diethyl ether and then tested for activity and was obtained radical scavenging IC 50 value 27,06 µg/mL. Key Word : Radical Scavenging, Scaevola taccada, DPPH


According to the R (Red),G (Green) and B (blue) values of the image,the fruit color were measured based on the 1931 chromaticity diagram. The method of pixel transform was used to cover the pixel area so that both the red area,the total surface area of the apple and the red coefficient were worked out.


The advantages of using heavy gases in wind tunnels—reduced power consumption and scale size — have been appreciated for some time. To be sure of correct scaling of the results from such a tunnel, the working fluid should have a specific-heat-ratio γ equal to that of air (γ = 1·4); such a fluid can be obtained as a mixture of a monatomic gas with a polyatomic one. Here, general principles for choosing such a mixture are discussed, and estimates are given for the savings in size and scale which may be expected (compared to a conventional tunnel), following earlier work of Chapman.


As multiculturalism has become a valued aspect of the city, ethnic enclaves have taken on new economic power in the cultural economy. However, as Western cities become increasingly diverse, multiple ethnic communities often overlap in shared urban spaces. Employing ethnographic methods, this article examines Wilshire Center, Los Angeles, to better understand how multiethnic communities perceive of and experience the culture of their community and how different actors foster or resist neighborhood change. In doing so, this research complicates our understandings of gentrification dynamics in multiethnic areas, and highlights important considerations for community development practitioners seeking to plan for multiple publics.


The article addresses the issue of voice changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients and convalescents and briefly presents information on voice disorders are their causes. According to the literature, voice changes (phonasthenia, dysphonia, and aphonia) are not uncommon in patients with coronavirus infection, although less common than the typical COVID-19 symptoms, and the incidence of voice change is proportional to the disease severity and can persist in convalescents. Therefore, it requires an additional emphasis on identifying the cause of this symptom and proper treatment/medical rehabilitation of such patients. In the context of treatment in patients with various voice disorders, both functional (phonasthenia) and organic (dysphonia/aphonia), Homeovox can be helpful since its effectiveness has also been proved in treating laryngitis associated with the new coronavirus infection.


Among the factors which may be regarded as contributing to the shrinkage of family size in Japan today, presumably the most obvious are (1) the decline in the birth rate due to the spread of birth control measures such as legal abortion and contraception, and (2) a growing tendency toward what may be called the nuclear fission of the family. The large size of the Japanese family in the past was to a great extent explainable by the large number of children in the household. To be sure, the spread of birth control has indeed served to reduce their numbers, but this is


ABSTRACT Transportation is an important part of human life and developing mechanisms in line with the human civilization itself. One part is a transport bridge. The bridge is an important element in the transportation system, serving as a bridge serves traffic flow on it. The bridge was originally a wooden bridge, because the bridge is often the case when there is a wobble on top of passing vehicles. Hence the need to improve the ability of the bridge and redesigned into a composite bridge . Long span composite bridge being simulated is 25 m, width 6 m carriageway, pavement width of 0.5 m and 0.5 m right side of the left side, so that the total width of the bridge 7 m. Results of analysis of composite bridge calculation is derived calculations use the floor slab reinforcement D16 - 150 for flexural reinforcement and negative reinforcement D16 - 150 for flexural posiitif. Pavement reinforcement use the D16 - 200. Backrest using reinforcement 4O12 pole . Tread plate for transverse and longitudinal directions using reinforcement D16 - 100. Using a steel girder profile WF 900 X 300, shear connector used for connecting reinforcement D16 - 1562 , 5. Keywords : Composite, Bridge, Structure.


We agree with the other participants in this debate that an experimental approach makes a significant contribution to our understanding of universal basic income (UBI) schemes, as there is a limit to what we can learn from surveys, simulations or studying existing welfare policies that only marginally resemble a UBI. However, we differ from others advocating the use of experiments in terms of the specific design of a UBI experiment. In particular, we want to urge a note of caution against conducting large-scale social or field experiments (along the lines of the famous negative income tax (NIT) experiments carried out in the US and Canada in the 1970s) advanced in recent years by Loek Groot (2004; 2006), Rafael Pinilla (2006), and many others. We think there are two distinct, if related, reasons why one might take a sceptical attitude towards field experiments in this particular context. First, field


Image data taken with various capturing devices are usually multidimensional and therefore they are not very suitable for accurate classification normally expecting to operate only on a small set of relevant features. Locally Linear Embedding is an effective nonlinear dimensionality reduction method for exploring the intrinsic characteristics of high dimensional data. In this paper, novel Local linear embedding for face classification is proposed. We modify the LLE algorithm by preserving more geometrical knowledge of the high-dimensional data, then combining with simple classifiers such as the nearest mean classifier. Experimental simulations are shown to yield remarkably good classification results in high dimension face image sequence.


We have presented the salient points of managing achondroplastic dwarfs in the operating room. In presenting our experience in dealing with this group of patients we hope that we will make the tasks of those who care for these patients easier and help focus their attention on those problems that are more likely to occur.


Nitrous oxide flux and nitrogen turnover were measured in three types of Amazonian forest ecosystems within Reserva Florestal Ducke near Manaus, Brazil. Nitrogen mineralization and nitrate production measured during 10-day laboratory incubations were 3–4 times higher in clay soils associated with "terra firme" forests on ridge-top and slope positions than in "campinarana" forests on bottomland sand soils. In contrast, nitrous oxide fluxes did not differ significantly among sites, but were highly variable in space and time. The observed frequency distribution of flux was positively skewed, with a mean over all sites and all sampling times of 1.3 ng N2O-N cm−2h−1. Overall, our flux estimates were comparable to or greater than those of temperate forests, but less than others reported for Amazonia. Results from a field fertilization experiment suggest that most nitrous oxide flux was associated with denitrification of soil nitrate.


SOURCE CITATION
Hopewell JC, Offer A, Haynes R, et al. Independent risk factors for simvastatin-related myopathy and relevance to different types of muscle symptom. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:3336-42. 32702748.


It was the case of Boramae hospital in 1999 to initiate the deep concern about advanced directives in korean medical community. This medico-legal case is now in process at higher court.
Advanced directives are the statement that express what one want to happen to him when he lose the capacity for making decision. There are three basic forms of advanced directives, namely instruction directive, designation of a proxy decision maker, manifestation of values history, and combination forms of them.
our medical circumstance, the introduction of advanced directives would increase the autonomy and, hence, goods of patients. And it would not do much harm to their families, physicians, and other people at least. Therefore it can be justified on the bases of the principle of patient autonomy and the principle of beneficence.
We believe that the best process introducing advanced directives to korean society is as follows;
1. Pilot trial at one institution with careful concern
2. Advanced directives will revise forms and make improvement based in initial experience from pilot trial by Korean Medical Association level.
3. Law making process will be proceeded according to the result of pilot trial and KMA revision.


The aim of the present study was to characterize in detail the cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology of cattle oocytes recovered from follicles that are dominant for more than 9 days (with low fertility after ovulation), and to relate morphological changes to intrafollicular markers of follicle health. Beef heifers received prostaglandin F2\g=a\and a synthetic progestagen (3 mg Norgestomet) for 2 or 10 days on the first day of dominance of the second dominant follicle (DF2) of the oestrous cycle, to give a 4 day (n = 19; N2) or 12 day (n


Some electromagnetic parameters in soft contact continuous casting technology were analyzed through mathematical analytic method. By analysis of attenuation of electromagnetic wave in copper, steel and copper mold fulled of liquid steel, and mathematical deduction of electromagnetic body force, it can be concluded that the electromagnetic body force was decided by the speed of attenuation of magnetic flux density, viz., derivative of Bz to r. With increasing of frequency of electromagnetic wave, the electromagnetic body forces at the surface of casting strand increase, and attenuate rapidly towards the center of casting strand. The shape of meniscus was decided by the distribution of electromagnetic pressure along radius. The best frequency range should be selected for a given mold to realize maximum electromagnetic restriction force.


The present invention relates to the utility of alkylated methyl naphthalene in the alkylation of methyl naphthalene and lubricant base. Particularly, alkylated methyl naphthalene of the present invention has a surprisingly superior thermal properties and oxidation properties, can be used to improve the performance characteristics of other lubricant base oils.


Entrepreneurial women face challenges inherent to their multifaceted livelihoods. These challenges are exacerbated when their entrepreneurial efforts are related to farming due to the complexity of the agricultural industry. Our literature review unearthed several challenges that tend to affect the success of women entrepreneurs in general, as well as another mix of challenges affecting female farmers. One of the biggest hurdles women entrepreneurs face in comparison with their male counterparts arise out of their lower access to financial resources to start (Carter and Rosa 1998) and grow their businesses. A related challenge women entrepreneurs report is a difficulty in accessing business networks which limits their access to information and training opportunities, establish strategic partnerships and enter new markets. When working in farming, such challenge is more pronounced due to the difficulty in accessing adequate tools and technology to increase their production (Doss 2001; Ragasa 2012) and to transport their products to markets.


It is often said that cooperative ideology has historically been a major driving force behind cooperative formation. In addition to this solidarity also other motives for cooperative membership are developing. While other farmers think that loyalty plays an important role, others do not see any problems in selling to private companies, especially if they pay a better price. It is also a common belief that cooperative ideology plays a more important role among smaller and older farmers while larger and younger ones are less loyal to cooperative enterprises. This study investigates farmers' motives for being cooperative members. These motives are express in types of social capital. Bonding capital embraces traditional driving forces like trust, loyalty and solidarity. Bridging capital exists when farmers regard the cooperative as a countervailing power on a market with skewed power relations. Linking capital implies that farmers assess the cooperative only in its role as business partner. It is often said that older and smaller farmers are more ideologically oriented while younger and larger farmers look mainly to the economy. The empirical basis for the study stems from a mail survey to almost 1300 Finnish farmer, mostly cooperative members. The findings indicate that there are two distinctly separated groups, one with predominantly ideological motives and the other one with economic motives. There are, however, weak signs that the different motives are related to neither age nor farm size.


Specialized vocabulary presents a big challenge for college students especially when learning professional science curriculums such as biology, chemistry, etc. The traditional rote memorization, which is used by 89% students in China, has its limitation on efficiency and sustainability. This paper shows a new cloud-based cross-platform vocabulary learning system to give a more efficient and intelligent solution for vocabulary learning. The system can be used to search words, learn vocabulary and make a self-test. The search module contains a multifunctional dictionary, which supports speech recognition, can provide a precise, textbook and bilingual interpretation of a biology word. To learn vocabulary, users can add words to an exclusive word book and revise them anytime they want. The self-test function allows users to check their proficiency. Once a mistake appears, the word will be classified as errors and then added to a unique collection. The range of the test can be customized by users among the word book, error collection, the whole dictionary, or randomly mixed. The system greatly facilitates students' learning process and is expected to improve the learning outcome. Also, the compatibility in different systems enables students to learn vocabulary at any time through a smart phone or a computer.


homeostasis in the inner ear is important to maintain normal hearing and balance. transport in the inner ear is reported to be occurred in non-sensory epithelium of inner ear which forms a barrier between endolymphatic space and perilymphatic space. Functionally identified and constitutively active absorption sites in the inner ear are Reissner's membrane, outer sulcus cells, vestibular transitional cells, saccular nonsensory epithelial cells, and endolymphatic sac epithelial cells. transport in these epithelial cells is mediated by apically located epithelial channels (ENaC), nonselective cation channels and basolaterally located , -ATPase. absorption is increased by glucocorticoid through glucocorticoid receptor or ATP through purinergic receptors depending on cell types.


Histological changes in the pituitary of sexually maturing male rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were correlated with spermatogenesis in the testes. Granular basophils in the pituitary appeared simultaneously with the development of spermatogonial cysts in the testis. There was no histological evidence that basophils released their granules during spermatogonial cyst formation. A coefficient of correlation was calculated to test the interaction between the numbers of granular basophils and cysts of spermatogonia. The correlation was not significant. These findings suggest that granules from pituitary basophils do not play a significant role in the development of spermatogonial cysts. Histological sections revealed that basophils degranulated rapidly with the appearance of cysts of spermatocytes. A significant correlation (r = −96) between basophils and cysts of spermatocytes occurred when the interaction between these two variables was tested. The negative correlation indicated that pituitary basophils...


The general shape of a 3D object can expeditiously be represented as, e.g., triangles or voxels, while smaller-scale features usually are parameterized over the surface of the object. Such features include, but are not limited to, color details, small-scale surface-normal variations, or even view-dependent properties required for the light-surface interactions. This thesis is a collection of four papers that focus on new ways to compress and efficiently utilize surface data in 3D for real-time usage. In Paper IA and IB, we extend upon the concept of sparse voxel DAGs, a real-time compression format of a voxel-grid, to allow an attribute mapping with a negligible impact on the size. The main contribution, however, is a novel real-time compression format of the mapped colors over such sparse voxel surfaces. Paper II aims to utilize the results of the previous papers to achieve uv free texturing of surfaces, such as triangle meshes, with optimized run-time minification as well as magnification filtering. Paper III extends upon previous compact representations of view dependent radiance using spherical gaussians (SG). By using a convolutional neural network, we are able to compress the light-field by finding SGs with free directions, amplitudes and sharpnesses, whereas previous methods were limited to only free amplitudes in similar scenarios.


Rubber wood and bamboo is an important natural resource to be developed as residential and industrial raw materials which are the raw material of commercial products. The presence of rubber wood and bamboo needs to be supported by the preservation and processing industry in order to be optimally utilized. Rubber wood has physical properties, mechanical and chemical equivalent of natural forest wood. properties of rubber wood used in rural as well fuel wood rafters to corral. While bamboo also has certain advantages compared to wood because it is easily preserved, processed and have a high elasticity While bamboo is used as a wall of the house after the split and created a kind of bamboo called palupuhan/gedek. Made simple, just the process of drying in the hot sun. Durability palupuhan/gedek could reach 10 years, but must be used in place are protected from rain. Without is bamboo used in as rafters to corral, ring,  rafter and raw material of fishery. Keywords : rubber wood, bamboo, potency, characteristic, preservative.