A support member (45) having an upper surface formed flat with light is permeable formation. Comprises the application member (41) to the coating liquid in a state superimposed on the upper surface of the support member (45) is applied. The support member (45) comprises a light source (61) for emitting light from below. The support member (45) has a capable of preventing properties charged. Even static friction between the support member and the coating member (41) (45) occurs, the support member (45) and the coated member (41) and will not be charged. Therefore, the size of the coating solution applied in dots is measured in very high accuracy.


The fundamental mechanical responses of woven CFRP (carbon fibre-reinforced plastics) test coupons subjected to static and fatigue loading were extensively carried out and results are presented in this paper. These results were then used in the development of a generalized cumulative damage model to predict static and fatigue response of a woven CFRP beam structure with an I-shaped cross section. The damage model was then applied to the beam under four-point bending to simulate the progression of failure. The results of the static response, fatigue response, fatigue life and stiffness decay predictions were compared with the experimental data. Good correlations between predicted and experimental results provide the necessary confidence in using the proposed approach.


The National Science Foundation (NSF), USA, CAREER program is a premier program that emphasizes the importance the Foundation places on the early development of academic careers solely dedicated to stimulating the discovery process in which the excitement of research enriched by inspired teaching and enthusiastic learning. This paper presents the research and education experiences gained by the principal investigator - Venayagamoorthy and his research collaborators and students as a result of a NSF CAREER proposal been awarded by the Power, Control and Adaptive Networks (PCAN) program of the Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems Division, effective June 1, 2004. The main emphasis of this paper is how and what a CAREER proposal awardee do to be a double winner in all aspects - research, education and outreach. In addition, suggestions on writing a winning NSF CAREER proposal are presented.


Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive values of defatted rice bran (DRB) and examine the effects of its dietary supplementation on broiler performances. In Experiment 1, to measure true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn), and true amino acid availability (TAAA), 30g of DRB sample was forced-fed to each of 16 ISA-Brown roosters followed by a 48h collection of excreta. The TME and TMEn values for DRB were 2.19 kcal/g and 2.05 kcal/g, respectively. The mean value of TAAA of the 15 amino acids in DRB was 77.29%. In Experiment 2, a total of 72 Avian broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 6 birds per replicate, and fed one of the experimental diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15% of DRB. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion rate, and body composition were measured for 3 weeks. Although there were no significant differences (P0.05), body weight gain and feed intake of chickens fed a diet containing 15% DRB were slightly higher than those of the other groups. From these results, it can be concluded that feed formulation using TMEn and TAAA of DRB is an effective method for assuring feed quality and DRB can be supplemented to broiler rations up to 15% level.


The learning disorder presents altered characteristics in reading, writing and mathematics skills, in addition to listening and hearing comprehension. If not diagnosed in childhood, it leads the adult to present emotional, social and linguistic disturbances. This study aimed to characterize the school performance in the skills of reading comprehension, writing and mathematics of a young adult with learning disability. The participant is a 23-year-old woman from a large city in Sao Paulo state. Evaluations were performed on an outpatient department of specialties in the same city. Specific instruments were applied to the psychopedagogic area. The data were described and analyzed according to specific criteria and put into discussion. The results showed that the youth presents a performance in reading and writing below her age and education, also presenting phonological and orthographic changes, shortage of attention and memory. Our findings show that it is necessary to investigate signs of academic deficit precociously, as it is essential to educational development. It is also necessary to focus on the skills, as well as to provide opportunities for the individuals to maximize their potential.


The astrophysical origins of ∼3 nm-diameter meteoritic nanodiamonds can be inferred from the ratio of C/ C 12 13 . It is essential to achieve high spatial and mass resolving power and minimize all sources of signal loss in order to obtain statistically significant measurements. We conducted atom-probe tomography on meteoritic nanodiamonds embedded between layers of Pt. We describe sample preparation, atom-probe tomography analysis, 3D reconstruction, and bias correction. We present new data from meteoritic nanodiamonds and terrestrial standards and discuss methods to correct isotopic measurements made with the atom-probe tomograph. & 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


In his latest column, Roger Schank explains how a new series of soon-to-launch, story-based business courses came to be, and outlines the content and scenarios of the seven storylines that make up the curriculum. In future columns, after the course launches, he will comment on whether they are working as planned.


A method for inspecting a plurality of repeating structures, at first, a reference image (golden template) is generated to the structure by, taken one by one from a defined number of structures, which represent the desired structure substantially correct or acceptable means of a receiving device grayscale images, values suitable structural features (feature values) are determined and are calculated from all the gray-scale images, the mean values of the feature values and / or the mean values of the gray values of each pixel, then added a grayscale image of the imported structure (test pattern) and the position of relative to the receiving position golden template is determined that the grayscale image is compared taking into account its position with the golden template and the result of the comparison is evaluated, characterized in that - the positioning of each other be included structure which follows a first positioned (primary position) and recorded structure, another structure is positioned relative to the optic of the receiving device essentially corresponding to the first structure and another grayscale image is received by the other structure, - the...


We have read with great interest the article by Abderrazak et al1 in which the authors found that arglabin, a natural product isolated from Artemisia glabella (wormwood), inhibited cholesterol crystal–induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in macrophages and showed that its treatment significantly decreased plasma lipid levels and the development of atherosclerosis in high-fat diet–fed ApoE2.Ki mice. Recently, NLRP3 inflammasomes have received considerable attention because they have been shown to mediate sterile inflammatory responses in many types of disease. Indeed, we have recently …


Using coix lacryma -jobi and fresh mi lk,the processing technique and con ditions of the coix lacryma -jobi yogurt were explored.The optimum co nditions of processing technology were obtained through orthogonal test.The main points of this process were described.


Preface Chapter 1. What are Fractals? Chapter 2. Fractal Aspects of Protein Structure Chapter 3. Loops, Polymer Statistics, and Helix-Coil Transitions Chapter 4. The Multifractality of Biomacromolecules Chapter 5. Fractal Diffusion and Chemical Kinetics Chapter 6. Are Protein Dynamics Fractal? Chapter 7. Fractons and Vibrational Relaxation in Proteins Chapter 8. Encoded Walks and Correlations in Sequence Data Chapter 9. Percolation Chapter 10. Chaos in Biochemical Systems


[Abstract] The simulation of manoeuvring fighter aircraft using the Chimera method for the moving control surfaces is discussed . The Chimera, or overset, method consist of combining several component meshes through interpolation boundary conditions. The described approach allows the intersection of component surfaces. For manoeuvre simulations, the time-accurate Favre averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using an ALE approach. The simulations are performed using the SimServer multidisciplinary simulation environment, and are fully parallelized. I. Introduction CCURATE pre-flight simulation of highly agile manoeuvring aircraft is a challenging task requiring the simultaneous modeling of the aerodynamic flow field, the flight control system response, the rigid body dynamics and often the structural response of the aircraft. Such simulations thus require a coupled multidisciplinary simulation environment. In this paper, the most computationally expensive component of such an environment, namely the high-fidelity, time-accurate simulation of the aerodynamic interaction of the aircraft including control surface deployment is considered. The evolution of Com putational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the rapidly increasing computational resources available, have enabled the aeronautical industry to model the aerodynamic behaviour of a design from the point in the design procedure where the aerodynamically active geometry is known. Traditionally, high-fidelity simulations have been performed assuming steady-state conditions, in which the CFD computations have complemented or replaced static wind-tunnel tests. In the military industry however, the products are often required to perform manoeuvres in which the aerodynamic flowfield can no longer be considered quasi -stationary. The highly unstable nature of agile modern fighter-aircraft also requires rapid control surface deployments to maintain the desired flowpath. This has resulted in the need for simulation software capable of accurate and efficient simulation of dynamic manoeuvres of complex configurations, including the direct simulation of control surface deployment. There are several possible approaches for such problems. One approach is to use the flexibility offered by unstructured mesh generation, to locally regenerate the computational mesh in regions where geometrical differences occur. This approach has been used, mostly in combination with mesh movement algorithms, for inviscid 1 as well as viscous 2 simulations. The advantage of such approaches is the existence of a consistent mesh for each timestep in the solution procedure. There are, however, difficulties with approaches of this class. A robust treatment of the re-meshing of changing geometries in general, and the intersection of control surface geometry definitions with the main aircraft structure in particular, is a potential problem with such approaches. In addition, the unstructured mesh generation must be of high quality to enable the several hundred local remeshings that can be expected for realistic simulations, without failure. The computational cost of these remeshings may also be prohibitive, depending somewhat on the approach used. Remeshing also introduces interpolation errors and issues with geometric conservation which may result in unnecessary fine point distributions for a given accuracy leve l. In this paper, a different approach is considered. The Chimera, or mesh overset, approach 3,4 consists of allocating a separate mesh for each moving component of the aircraft, generated before the simulation is started, and then combining these meshes on the fly during the simulation. This requires an automatic routine to connect the collection of meshes, and thus enable each separate mesh to detect the interaction with the other components. This approach is attractive since it, under a given set of assu mptions, cannot fail to produce a valid computational system


Together with the Algebraic Method(AM) which is proposed to obtain accurate full vibrational energy for diatomic molecules/ions in Sun's previous work,a new parameter-free analytical formula for dissociation energy of diatomic system is applied to study the dissociation energy and the full vibrational spectra of X1∑+g and B3∏g electronic states of molecule N2 in this paper.The results show that the AM vibrational spectra and dissociation energy have excellent agreement with experimental values.


An electrodynamic balance was used to measure the drag coefficient and also to record the size and shape of spheres, and coal and oil shale particles (100 ..mu..m to 200 ..mu..m in size). The electrodynamic balance consisted of a central, and two end electrodes. The resulting electric field stably suspended a charged particle. A suspended particle, back illuminated by a light emitting diode, was viewed by a video camera. The image was analyzed for particle position control and was calibrated to give the diameter of spheres, or the area equivalent diameter of nonspherical particles. The drag coefficient was calculated from the air velocity and the dc voltage required to keep the particle at the balance center. The particle Reynolds number varied from 0.2 to 13. Three particles each of coal and oil shale were captured and photographed by a scanning electron microscope and the motion of all the particles was recorded on video tape. Drag coefficient vs Reynolds number data for spheres agreed well with correlations. Data for thirteen particles each of coal and oil shale indicated a power law relationship between drag coefficient and Reynolds number. All these particles exhibited higher drag than spheres and were also observed tomore » rotate. The rotation, however, did not affect the drag coefficient. The choice of characteristic dimension affects the drag characteristics of oil shale more strongly than for coal, owing to the flake-like shape of oil shale. 38 figs., 5 tabs.« less


We consider singularly perturbed elliptic equations $\varepsilon^2\Delta u
- V(x) u + f(u)=0, x\in R^N, N \ge 3.$ For small $\varepsilon
> 0,$ we glue together localized bound state solutions
concentrating at isolated components of positive local minimum of
$V$ under conditions on $f$ we believe to be almost optimal.


Vermiculite is a kind of greatly valuable non-metallic mineral in nature. It is of great significance to separate the pure vermiculite concentrate and mixed tailing from the mining vermiculite crude ore with a high-efficiency and pollution-free flowsheet. The distributed condition and application situation of vermiculite in the world were sum up. The particle size distribution and chemical composition of vermiculite crude ore were analyzed. A self-developed hammer crusher and active pulsing air classifier were used to achieve the complete crushing and effective separation of the vermiculite in this novel flowsheet. Vermiculite crude ore was crushed to the size of 0.5~1.0mm firstly and a separation experiment was conducted with the active pulsing air classifier. The experimental results indicate that the complete peeling off and full dissociation of vermiculite could be achieved through two-level crushing. The highest separation efficiency of 91.16% and concentrate grade of 91.51% could be obtained with the feeding capacity of 13.98Kg/h, the pulsing air velocity of 2.36m/s and the pulsing frequency of 1.165Hz. The expansion character of vermiculite concentrate was utilized to realize the secondary purification of the productions after separation. This novel flowsheet has great potential to be applied in the field of vermiculite purification and recycling.


Regarding to the heat loss from the support of steam pipe during steam transportation, the paper analyzed the reasons of heat loss, which was big thermal conductivity coefficient of metal materials resulted in severe heat loss when steel support contacted with pipe, and proposed rmeasures insulation support can resolve heat loss on the hi-temperature pipe of long-distance transport.


Differences in the magnetic domain patterns of high permeability grain-oriented (HGO) electrical steel have been compared using a modified Bitter technique and the magneto-optical Kerr method. Distinct differences in the domain images were observed which have been attributed to the greater sensitivity of the Bitter technique to the degree of misorientation of the crystal grains. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was also carried out to confirm the degree of crystal misorientation for the area under investigation. The results show that the Bitter technique is most effective in detecting the presence of low angle grain boundaries but less accurate than the Kerr method for determining the absolute direction of magnetization.


Because of different technology,material and final product,sometimes only some stages of wire drawing system run,and the others are cut-off.Three cases of cut-off with first stage,any stage in the middle and the final stage were analyzed in detail.Based on line velocity method,calculation and programming were simplified with normalization.The flow chart in stage cut-off was given out.The experimental results show that the excellent control effect is obtained with the method.


ABSTRACT Shuzo Ishimori is a pioneer of the Japanese anthropology of tourism. With fieldwork in New Zealand, Micronesia and Japan, he researched and taught at the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka. There he organized a three-year national seminar introducing the topic and engaged Nelson Graburn to assist in 1989-90. He organized conferences, published volumes and trained graduate students. He later moved to the Center for Advanced Studies in Tourism, Hokkaido University, and to the Directorship of the Hokkaido Museum. Through hard work, inspiring leadership, and frequent public and media speeches, he brought together researchers in enthusiastically promoting their common interest in the study of tourism, which he considered to be the outstanding feature of our contemporary "Age of Neo-Nomadism".


Correct modeling of the equivalent circuits regarding solar cell and panels is today an essential tool for power optimization. However, the parameter extraction of those circuits is still a quite difficult task that normally requires both experimental data and calculation procedures, generally not available to the normal user. This paper presents a new analytical method that easily calculates the equivalent circuit parameters from the data that manufacturers usually provide. The analytical approximation is based on a new methodology, since methods developed until now to obtain the aforementioned equivalent circuit parameters from manufacturer's data have always been numerical or heuristic. Results from the present method are as accurate as the ones resulting from other more complex (numerical) existing methods in terms of calculation process and resources.


Objective: The current study presents data on the prevalence o f depressive sym ptom s in the Estonian population and exam ines associated sociodem ographic factors and subjective aspects o f socia l adjustment. Method: The data cam e from the Estonian Health Interview Survey where 4711 persons aged 1 5 -7 9 were interviewed. This study included 4677 respondents who answered the Em otional State Questionnaire (E ST -Q ), a self-rating sca le o f depression and anxiety. Data on the sociodem ographic factors and domains o f social adjustment were derived from structured interviews. Results'. D epressive sym ptom s w ere observed in 11.1% o f the respondents. D epressiveness w as m ore com m on am ong w om en, in older age groups, am ong those not married, in ethnic groups other than Estonians, in low er incom e groups, and am ong the unemployed and econom ically inactive respondents. Depressive subjects were less satisfied, had a more pessim istic prognosis about the future and low er self-rated health. A low level o f perceived control w as a significant correlate o f depression. T he association o f depressiveness with poor subjective social adjustment remained significant even after controlling for objective circumstances. Limitations: Depression was identified by a self-rate questionnaire, therefore results can not be generalized to clinical depression without caution. Conclusion: D epressive sym ptom s in the Estonian population were strongly related to socioeconom ic functioning. Results em phasize that subjective social adjustment and perceived control are important characteristics o f depression and should be considered in assessm ent and treatment. © 2002 Published by E lsevier Science


The corrosion behaviours of Fe-24Cr-6V alloys containing 0.12, 0.24, and 0.35wt% Ru additions in non-oxidizing acid solutions were studied by means of the electrochemical and Auger electron spectroscopic techniques. The weight-loss measurements show that the addition of Ru to the Fe-24Cr-6V alloy in the composition range 0.12 to 0.35% is very effective in increasing the corrosion resistance of this alloy in a 5% H2SO4 acid solution at 70 and 98°C, respectively. Also, the addition of Ru to the Fe-24Cr-6V alloy is found to be beneficial in the concentration range 0.24 to 0.35% range when the alloy is exposed to 5% HCl solution at 70 and 98°C, respectively. AES results reveal that the spontaneously passivated films formed on the Fe-24Cr-6V-Ru alloy system in 5% HCl solution at 25°C are enriched in chromium and vanadium but depleted in ruthenium.


According to Gibson et al. (2012) quoted by Wibowo (2015) "Performance is the result of work related to organizational objectives such as quality, efficiency and other criteria of effectiveness." Account Representative Performance is a result of the Account Representative in performing his duties in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to him. Compensation, work environment, and motivation is Believed Account Representative will effect performance. According to some experts, compensation effect on performance (Holt, 1993) and compensation Becomes the main thing to Attract and MOTIVATE employees to improve Reviews their performances (Ivanceikh and Glueck, 1989); work environment effects on performance (Leaman, 1995); effects on performance and motivation (Vroom, 1964; Moorhead and Griffin, 1998). The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of compensation, work environment, and motivation on Account Representative Performance of Oil and Gas Tax Office. This research was conducted by taking the samples from all Account Representatives of Oil and Gas Tax Office as many as 37 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires in the form of a list of statements. The technique of data analysis used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis using SPSS Version 23. Based on the result of the analysis, it was proved that compensation, work environment and motivation have a positive and significant influence on Account Representative performance of Oil and Gas Tax Office either partially or simultaneously.


Nanoscale zinc substituted hydroxyapatite has been synthesized by solgel technique at 70 C using an aqueous solution of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (CNT), zinc nitrate tetrahydrate (ZNT) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) as starting materials with or without a capping agent, triethanolamine (TEA). The synthesized nanopowders were calcined at two temperatures 800 C and 1000 C for 1 hr. The morphology and size of nanopowders were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The BET surface area was evaluated from N2 adsorption isotherms. Structural analysis and thermal behavior were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. The results of TEM confirmed that TEA is effective in reducing average crystallite size from 15 nm in case of zinc substituted hydroxyapatite without TEA (ZnHA) to 9 nm in case of zinc substituted hydroxyapatite with TEA (ZnHA-TEA). FTIR spectra showed the presence of weaker HPO4 bands and stronger O-H bands in case of ZnHA as compared to ZnHA-TEA, which indicated that the formation of the latter is delayed due to TEA assistance. TGA study revealed that ZnHA is thermally more stable as compared to ZnHA-TEA. These results show that the introduction of capping agent effectively restricts the particle growth during precipitation as well as on calcination.


Dilophodes elegans sinica Prout was a disastrous defoliator in Illicium verum.The morphological and biological characteristics of Dilophodes elegans sinica were studied in lab and field.The results showed that it had five generations a year in Nanning and overwintered as larvae or pupae in the leaves,litter or epipedon.The generations overlapped.Within the range of certain temperature,the development duration became shorter with the increase of temperature.larvalingestion increased with the age and temperature,but reduced over 30 ℃.


I shall argue that the high Tc problem is the problem of doping into a Mott insulator. Furthermore, the well documented pseudo-gap phenomenon in underdoped cuprates holds the key to understanding this physics. Phase fluctuation alone cannot explain this phenomenon, but there is a clear need to identify a competing state which lives in the vortex core. The staggered flux state is a good candidate for the competing state and experimental tests of these ideas will be discussed.


Successful peripheral waterflooding of Dillinger Ranch field in NE. Wyoming by Tenneco Oil Co. has increased rates in several wells to 700 bpd from 120 bpd. Severe drilling and production problems involving a flowing salt section which collapsed 12 well casings were solved. The pressure loss has been stabilized after the reservoir lost 3,000 psi in only 2 yr, due to limited natural water drive and highly undersaturated follows: (1) The Minnelusa Sand contains highly undersaturated crude which can be successfully waterflooded. (2) For maximum producing rates and ultimate recovery, flooding in this type of reservoir should be started while pressure is above bubble point. (3) Flood-displacement efficiency is good. (4) With indicated high residual oil saturation, ultimate recovery will be 30% of original oil in place. The primary recovery was only 12%. Structural maps, as well as typical well logs, reservoir characteristics, relative permeability, etc., are given.


Special needs children often behave maladaptively. This has a negative impact on the child and the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study was to describe the results of the implementation of behavior modification techniques in overcoming the maladaptive behavior of special needs children. The literature review method uses the online database search stage through Mendeley, the inclusion and exclusion process for articles in 2019-2021 obtained a total of 146 national scientific articles and after being rechecked, there are 17 literatures that match the criteria, then a descriptive synthesis and analysis is carried out, and the results are presented. The results of the synthesis and analysis show that the application of behavior modification can overcome maladaptive behavior in the social, self-development, and academic aspects of special needs children. Conclusions from 17 articles describe that behavior modification techniques are effective for overcoming maladaptive behavior in autism, ADHD, intellectual disability and hearing impairment.


LBL-8305 toSTBf MEASUREMENT OF INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION OF NEUTRAL PIONS AT HIGH TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM Arthur Oqawa October 1978 Prepared for the U. S. Department of Enerqy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48


Strategic planning for optimal operation of modern power systems has always been a significant task to satisfy the techno‐social aspects in the sustainable energy scenario. In the light of restructured power systems and decentralized generation, the economic dispatch (ED) problem has remained the utmost important economic assignment for the network operators. The conventional techniques have failed to address the nonlinear characteristics of generators for solving the practical ED problem. The complications identified in the literature are valve point loading, prohibited operating zones, multiple fuels, ramp rate limits, and spinning reserve. Therefore, a diverse range of traditional and modern optimization techniques have been adopted to tackle those complexities and nonlinearities. With the recent advancements in centralized optimization techniques, several research works were reported in the past decade to accomplish better results. This review paper endeavors to cover the pioneering research on centralized approaches as well as present‐day research trends on decentralized and distributed approaches by focusing on the economic aspects. First, a detailed survey of several deterministic, stochastic, nature‐inspired, and meta‐heuristic based centralized approaches for solving the ED problem is reviewed. A brief analysis based on the performance evaluation of centralized algorithms on six standard test systems is presented. Then, the recent literature on decentralized and distributed optimization approach and the consensus protocols with respect to various network topologies is briefly reviewed. The prime objective of this review is to summarize the centralized, decentralized, and distributed approaches to solve the classic dispatch, dynamic dispatch, economic emission dispatch, and multi‐area ED problems.


The authors analyze the corporate sector of the Russian economy; formulate principles of corporate business; pay attention to the problems of management of corporations; identify the factors of increase of efficiency of corporate activity. The authors suggest using koncepcu competitive forces to create competencies and increase business efficiency. As one of the possible tools to achieve high impact corporate business authors consider the total quality management (TQM). Focuses on critical conditions: quality management in achieving results involved all members of the Organization; the efforts are aimed at achieving long-term results; benefits are distributed evenly among the participants. Considered variants of use of instruments of achieving efficiency: resource management system (ERP), and enterprise information system (CIS). The integrated use of these instruments, in the view of the atorov, will create the necessary competitive advantages to increase the efficiency of the Corporation.


Robotic grippers are commonly required to grasp and manipulate loads under a wide range of conditions, without the from the end effector, and avoiding damage to the load. We have previously demonstrated the adaptive neurofuzzy control of a simple gripper with a two-input, one-output action. When the robotic gripper is integrated with a multi-degree of freedom robot, the controller could face the curse of dimensionality. To show that satisfactory control was still feasible, we undertook extensive simulations of this gripper mounted on a multi-degree of freedom robot. We also report enhanced control by using the gripper's acceleration as an additional input.


This paper introduces an integrated wastewater treatment process combining physical/chemical method with biochemical degradation. Based on the operation of the process conducted in a textile and dyeing factory, the paper presents the data about COD, BOD and color removals as well as some design considerations.


Major problems found in artificial reproduction of bay scallop (\%Argopecten irradians\%) were discussed in terms of practices on Dalian region from 1993 to 1998 1) Broodstock wintered at at 2~5 ℃ were fed \%Nitzschia closterium\% (30×10\+4~50×10\+4 cells/mL) supplemented with \%Chlorella\% sp and egg yolk and had a mortality of 1 9%, 4 0% and 9 98% during maturation-inducing However, the broodstock wintered at below 0℃ were fed the same food and had an increased mortality of 15 87%, 18 8%, 26 27% and 32 07% during maturation-inducing, indicating that there is influence of water temperature on survival of the broodstock during wintering period 2) The gonads develop significantly rapidly at 15~20℃, and would be damaged, even destroyed embryos without enough feed 3) Spawning occurs at accumulated temperature of 418 4~499 0 ℃ and gonado-somatic index of ovary 10 2 4) The larvae should be fed \%Isochrysis zhanjianggensis\% (5 0×10\+4 cells/mL), supplemented with \%Nitzschia closterium\% (3 0×10\+4 cells/mL), and \%Chlorella\% sp (10 0×10\+4 cells/mL) 5) The reasons for unstable production of bay scallop larvae were analyzed and and some recommendations are provided regarding to improvement of artificial propogation of bay scallop


The aim of this study was to evaluate whether elevating levels of enkephalin by inhibiting their degradation can attenuate stress‐induced migraine‐like behaviors in mice.


The giant hydraulic die press is our country national defense and the infrastructure essential equipment, the synchronous control system is the essential device to the giant forging hydraulic press, its synchronization control performance quality is good or bad will directly determine the quality of the product. This article through the proof of the theorem, gives the specific steps to achieve H∞ robust control algorithm. The simulation results show that: this control strategy has good inhibition to the change of system parameters, robustness is very strong, can well eliminate the system synchronization error.


The present study applies the classroom implementation pattern of data-driven learning(DDL),the hands-off DDL,into the lexical learning of lower-grade undergraduate students,and compares its teaching effect with the traditional teaching method through experiment.The immediate test after the experiment showed that the hands-off DDL could significantly facilitate the improvement of the depth of students' vocabulary knowledge.However,effective facilitation for vocabulary retention was not revealed in the delayed test a week later.The questionnaire results indicated that the hands-off DDL can be beneficial to lower-grade students,but its large consumption of time is shown to be its greatest drawback.The feasibility of the classroom implementation pattern of DDL is proved by these results,but its shortcomings,pose new challenges for further studies.


Each hidden layer neuron in a multi-layer perceptron neural network comprises of synaptic weights, an adder and an activation function. The number of synaptic weights required per neuron is application specific and our contribution is a neuron implementation which is tailored to suit utilization in the complex baseband predistortion of a class-AB power amplifier given a wideband stimulus. The wideband or dynamic nature of the input calls for a neuron with ten synaptic weights as obtained through behavioral training and measurement. The performance of our neuron implementation is verified by measuring gain control, linearity, and bandwidth of the synaptic weights as well as the non-linear activation function. Finally a comparison with previously implemented neurons (both analog and digital) in terms of bandwidth, power consumption and linearity is done.


Local inhabitants play a more and more important role in marketing of tourist destinations along with the wider tourism era. On the basis of identification for the local inhabitants as the marketing subject of tourist destinations, the paper further explains the role of the local inhabitants in the tourist destinations and their effect to tourist destination marketing under the new environment. For how to bring the marketing role of the local inhabitants into play, the paper thinks that the basic idea is to improve the inhabitants' attachment to the place, get their support to tourism development, and take the inhabitants as the object of tourist destination marketing. While the strategies of bringing the marketing role of the local inhabitants into play include bringing inhabitants' happiness index into the evaluation index system of local tourism development, establishing local organizations to guarantee and promote community participation, attaching importance to and developing local market, making the inhabitants spread the information about the destination, and positively carrying on tourism volunteer service of the inhabitants.


The internal friction peak for nitrogen in dilute solutions in very pure chromium occurs at 160°C for ∼1 cps but is unstable due to partial precipitation of nitrogen. Interpretation of internal friction data at low frequencies and elastic aftereffect measurements in terms of the theory of Snoek gives the lattice diffusion rate of nitrogen in chromium as D=3×10−4 exp (−24 300/RT).


This article offers new ways of identifying and perceiving gay Muslims in Germany through discursive practices, such as the acceptance of queer Muslims in Islam, alongside cultural hegemony of religious gatekeepers. The article specifically explores the utilisation of Norman Fairclough's (2010) critical discourse analysis to comprehend the identity of gay Muslims in Germany and to advance the current understanding of gay Muslims and their relations within the socio-religious space. The nature of this relationship is demonstrated through discursive choices (the identity of gay Muslims within a religious context and in society); the use of dominant and restrictive subjective narratives and language between group gatekeepers (religious leaders: Imam and Islamic devouts); and the isolated members of Islam (gay Muslims). This enquiry will be illuminated by qualitative critical discourse analysis interviews on YouTube in which specific actors related to the study were interviewed on themes such as identity, acceptance of gay Muslims and relations with them in a religious community or a social space.


The USA, being the largest financial nation in the world, tend by all means to limit the development of another countries, cause maximum loss to them, draw the nations of the world into fratricidal wars. Thus, they ensure sole leadership for the nearest years


Teaching Physiology is not a science, but is an art. Conceptual learning is gained through perception of students towards learning. The objective of this study was to compare perception of students about chalk black board learning (CBB) and animation based learning (ABL). Methods: This descriptive observational study was carried out in Physiology Department of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro. The faculty members of Anatomy and Physiology Departments, teaching the students of 2nd semester of 1st professional MBBS were interviewed. The same teachers taught the same topics with ABL and CBB. The data were collected on a specially designed proforma. The students were inquired about their attitudes towards CBB and ABL. Data were analysed using SPSS-16. Results: Total 107 students participated in the study, 71% students considered ABL a very boring method that diverge their interest from the topic. According to 74.8% students, they remembered topics much better by CBB. Whereas 57% students were agreed that they better analyse topics on CBB. Sixty eight (68.2%) students understood the topics more by CBB. And 71% students had sustained interest in topic by CBB learning. Interestingly 82.2% students consider CBB as self-motivated learning. However 50.5% students agreed that the sketches on animations gave better understanding. Then 50.5% students favoured better learning presentation by CBB teaching methodology. Conclusion: Chalk board teaching methodology, is a powerful tool for learning and teaching.


Due to the efforts of a number of collectors in the earlier part of this century, the collection of Tibetan texts held by the Danish Royal Library is one of the largest of its kind in Europe. Apart from complete original versions of the Lhasa Kanjur and the Narthang Tanjur, it offers a valuable cross-section through virtually all genres of Tibetan literature, such as canonical and apocryphal texts, texts of hagiographic and historiographic relevance, astronomy and astrology, medicine, linguistic sciences, sacro-geographical guide books, narrative literature, Gesar epos, songs, philosophical and exegetical treatises, a very large and differentiated spectrum of texts thematising spiritual practices and liberating techniques, ritualistic performances and prayers. This collection has been analysed and described in more than 1,800 catalogue entries by Tibetologist Hartmut Buescher in collaboration with the Royal Library's area specialist for Tibet, Tarab Tulku. The two-volume set will be of use to Tibetan scholars, librarians and curators worldwide not just because of the breadth of the Royal Library's collection but also because the catalogue follows the standards established in earlier volumes of the Library's COMDC series: to augment concise descriptions of the physical appearance and contents of the documents including additional information as related to the manuscripts and block prints so that the catalogues serve as reference works in a wider sense.


Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) colonizes the human gastric and duodenal mucosa and the infection maycause peptic ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma..Most study appear thate (HP) infection effect of defferent micronutretion zinc and copper The purpose of the study wasto compare serum concentrations of trace elements (zinc [Zn], copper [Cu] of HelicobacterPylori -Infected patients with those of healthy subjectsand to determine the relationshipsbetween trace elements Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 45Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection patients and 20 age- andgender-matched healthy volunteers.Flame atomic absorption spectroscopymethod was employed to analyze serum trace element concentrations zinc and copper.  Results: Compared to the control subjects,45Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection patients had significantly( P < 0.05) Independent sample t -testdepicted that serum concentrations ofZn  were decreased while serum concentration of Cu increased significantly in the  Helicobacter pylori (Hp) patient group The concentrations of Zn, Cu, and were 92.8 mg/L and132.2?g /L, respectively,in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection patients, and 142.3 mg/L and84.2 mg/L respectively, in the healthy controls.. Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection assosated  with metabolism zinc and copper, Serum concentrations of Zn were decreased, but serum concentration of Cu increased significantlyin Gastritis Helicobacter pylori patient groups. Keywords - Gastritis Helicobacter pylori  ,  serum zinc (Zn) , serum copper( Cu).


Boron carbide (B4C) was synthesized from the elements at temperatures ranging from 1300 degrees to 2100 degrees C using the spark plasma synthesis method. Significant densification commenced at about 1500 degrees C and was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the defect structure of this carbide. Changes in the X-ray diffraction patterns were in agreement with predictions of simulation studies based on the presence of twins. Transmission electron microscopy observations were consistent with the experimental observations and the modeling predictions.


"Figurative composition" shall employ both formative thinking and logical thinking. This article explores the logic of figuration, to prove the correlation of formative thinking and logical thinking, and to identify the characteristic of the figurative pattern. Firstly, I sort out the rationale of the correlation between the figurative pattern and the formative/logical thinking. Secondly, I analyze the outward form of "one figure of speech" and "multiple figures of speech" by means of grammar and the organization of writing. And consequently, I highlight the logic of configurative composition and draw up a structural diagram. Based on the analytical findings, I conclude six characteristics of figurative composition: 1. The arrangement of three-component figurations composes single sentence; 2. Multiple sentences composes of four-element figurations form the logic of "cause and effect"; 3. The relation and development of several subjects dominate the logical structure of a poem; 4. The respondence to multiple figures of speech reinforces the connection of a poem; 5. The key of figuration turns the figure of speech into transformation; and 6. The transformation skill also employs the logical thinking to compose a writing. The figurative composition in neo poetry represents the correlation of formative thinking and logical thinking that will complement each other. Such a skill will not only embody the form but also organize a perfect structure.


Education in other nations arouses interest among Americans more as a possible source of ideas for dealing with educational problems than as a social phenomenon basic to the culture of another country that reveals important features of that culture. I assume that readers have the first purpose and wish to acquaint themselves with approaches taken to certain issues in social studies education in a number of countries that represent quite different cultures. The issues to be viewed across the nations are (a) the role of political ideology in the shaping of social studies education, a sine qua non for this aspect of the curriculum; (b) curriculum and content emphasis, the "bread and butter" or heart of any approach to social studies, and (c) the impact of external examinations, that is, those examinations that originate or at least are legitimized outside the examinee's school. The last issue has been included to acquaint the American reader with an educational practice found in nearly every other nation at the secondary level but generally lacking in forty-nine of our states, New York being the sole exception. Each issue will be viewed in three different settings: Western, Eastern Socialist, and Third World nations. These groupings constitute major variants among nations, politically, economically, and socially. The fundamental differences in the societies are reflected in the education provided for youth, particularly in social studies education whose subject matter is not drawn from a single, hierarchically perceived, and universally accepted body of knowledge such as may be said of mathematics.


The present invention relates to novel polypeptides, and mammals, for example, diagnosis of neoplasms in humans, the detection, in the monitoring and treatment, methods of using these polypeptides.


form by an Igbo art historian (E. Okechukwu Odita, "Universal Cults and Intra-Diffusion: Igbo Ikenga in Cultural Retrospection," African Studies Review 16, 1[1973]: 73-82), and the other an analysis by an art historian of ikenga collected for a museum exhibit (Susan Vogel, Gods of Fortune: The Cult of the Hand in Nigeria, Museum of Primitive Art, New York, 1974, 15 pp.), perhaps because both papers deal with the question of the broader distribution of ikenga types. Nevertheless, Boston's book is the basic source for studies of this particular art form. Simon Ottenberg University of Washington


FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes interaction of mixture C3-C6-hydrofluoroalkane/hydrogen fluoride in absence of catalyst with at least one chloro-containing or cloro- and fluoro-containing organic compound reactive towards hydrogen fluoride in liquid phase. Hydrofluoroalkane is obtained by interaction of at least one chloro-containing or cloro- and fluoro-containing precursor with hydrogen fluoride in the first step. In one of the next steps at least part of products from the first step is made to react with hydrogen fluoride, wherein one step includes separation method. Also disclosed are azeotrope or pseudo-azeotrope composition applicable for 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane purification. Claimed composition contains as main components 1.5-27.5 mol.% of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and 72.5-98.5 mol.% of hydrogen fluoride. EFFECT: method with optimized parameters. 16 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl, 5 ex


Tic disorders are the most common movement disorders in a pediatric practice. Moreover, tic disorders are frequently associated with comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms. Therefore, understanding tic disorders is vital for general practitioners to deliver appropriate care to patients with tics. However, misunderstanding and misconceptions of tic disorders still exist among the general population and in health care providers. For the past decade, many studies have been conducted to elucidate tic disorders. This article aims to provide an overview about tics and tic disorders, and recent information on tic disorders including history, definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic approach, comorbidities, treatment and management, and differential diagnosis.


For state of the art technologies, rule based optical proximity correction (OPC) together with conventional illumination is commonly used for contact layers, because it is simple to handle and processing times are short. However, as geometries are getting smaller it becomes more difficult to accurately control critical dimension (CD) variations influenced by nearby pattern. This applies in particular for irregularly arranged contact holes. Here simulation based OPC is more effective. We present a procedure for application of simulation based OPC for a 193 nm lithography contact hole layer with rectangular contact holes of different sizes in different proximities, using attenuated phase shift masks. In order to further improve the accuracy of the simulation based OPC process, characteristics of the mask, like mask corner rounding are incorporated in the OPC process. We build an OPC model, use it for OPC processing of DRAM design data and investigate the process window of the printing contacts. The results show an overlapping process window for length and width of isolated and dense small contact holes of different length and width, which is sufficient for volume production.


Miscanthus is a rich source of lignocellulosic biomass with low mineral content suitable for applications that range from biofuel production to value-added biomass-derived products including a sustainable biosorbent. Herein, Miscanthus and its modified forms were used for the fractionation of water (W) and ethanol (E) mixtures that were analyzed by an in situ analytical method, referred to as quantitative NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy. Miscanthus was pretreated by hydrolysis and subsequent grinding to yield materials with variable biopolymer content (cellulose and lignins) and particle size. The Miscanthus materials were evaluated as sorbents in binary water–ethanol (W-E) mixtures. The maximum biomass adsorption capacity (Qm; g g–1) with water (Qm,W) and ethanol (Qm,E) fractions were determined by the best-fit Sips model parameters listed in parentheses: raw Miscanthus biomass (Qm,W = 8.93 and Qm,E = 4.15) and pretreated Miscanthus biomass (Qm,W = 4.73 and Qm,E = 3.22, g g–1). The fractionation properties of Mi...


Dioscorea bulbifera is one of the traditional medicinal herb. It commonly used in the treatment of hematemesis, epistaxis, tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, laryngitis, acute infectious disease in East Asia. In the present study, we have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of Dioscorea bulbifera MeOH extract (DBME) in macrophage cell line. To investigate mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity, we examined the effects of the lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), p-inhibitory κBα (p-IκBα), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in a murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. The RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in DMEM + serum medium for 24 hrs. After serum starvation for 24 hrs, the cells were treated with DBME 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 ㎎/㎖ for 1 h, followed by stimulation with LPS (1 ㎍/㎖) for activation of immune response. After treatment, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. The protein band of iNOS, COX-2, p-Iκ Bα, and NF-κB was determined by immunoblot analysis and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. There were three experimental groups: carrageenan, DBME 0.3, 1.0 g/kg. Rats were administrated either carrageenan (40% PEG) or carrageenan + DBME (0.3, 1.0 g/kg body weight) for 4 days (p.o.). To induce acute paw edema, rats were injected 1% carrageenan (100 ㎕/rat, dissolved in sterilized saline). The effect of DBME in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. As results, DBME has an inhibitory effect on the production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and on the expression of iNOS, COX-2, p-IκBα and translocation of NF-κB to nuclear from cytosol. In addition, DBME effectively inhibited the increases of paw edema induced by carrageenan treatment in vivo. These results suggest that DBME can inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators and might be a useful source for treatment of acute inflammatory disease.


Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and high intake of various traditional salt‐preserved foods are regarded as risk factors for human gastric cancer. We previously reported that Chinese cabbage contains indole compounds, such as indole‐3‐acetonitrile, a mutagen precursor. 1‐Nitrosoindole‐3‐acetonitrile (NIAN), formed by the treatment of indole‐3‐acetonitrile with nitrite under acidic conditions, shows direct‐acting mutagenicity. In the present study, NIAN administration by gavage to Mongolian gerbils (MGs) at the dose of 100 mg/kg two times a week resulted in three adduct spots (1.6 adducts/108 nucleotides in total), detected in DNA samples from the glandular stomach by 32P‐postlabeling methods. Treatment with six consecutive doses of 100 mg/kg of NIAN, two times a week for 3 weeks, induced well—and moderately—differentiated glandular stomach adenocarcinomas in the MGs at the incidence of 31% under H. pylori infection at 54–104 weeks. Such lesions were not induced in MGs given broth alone, broth + NIAN or infection with H. pylori alone. Thus, endogenous carcinogens formed from nitrosation of indole compounds could be critical risk factors for human gastric cancer development under the influence of H. pylori infection.


Rapid industrial growth is adversely attributed with drastic environmental degradation, forcing the manufacturing industry to seek quantifiable measures for sustainability of its products and processes. Other than satisfying scientific acumen and commercial intention; environmental impact research is a major thrust area of manufacturing. In this research, we aim to develop an eco-friendly and efficient manufacturing process (milling) that minimizes resource utilization. Minimizing energy and pollution were used to quantify sustainability, whereas noise intensity and aerosol concentration quantified conduciveness of the work environment. Laboratory experiments were conducted to obtain data using which simulation modeling and analysis was conducted. This analysis helped in identifying significant factors that affect the eco-efficiency of this unit manufacturing process. The results provide an opening to develop a green roadmap for sustainable (Green) manufacturing.


To explore the effects of inoculation on the production of anticancer drug cordycepin in surface liquid culture using Cordyceps militaris mutant, several inoculants [single (control), double and triple] were used in the present experiment. HPLC analysis for cordycepin concentration, mutarotase-glucose oxidase method using Glucose CII test for glucose concentration, and dry cell mycelia were measured. Analysis showed that the cordycepin productions in control, double and triple inoculants were 5.05, 6.11 and 5.61 g L, respectively. It was highest in double inoculants and was 21% and 8.91% higher than those of the control and triple inoculants, respectively. Similarly, the cordycepin production in triple inoculants also superseded the control by 11.09%, but was lower than that of the doubleinoculants. Regarding glucose consumption, it was revealed that the consumption in triple inoculants was the fastest, while in double inoculants it was faster than the control. The dry mycelia weights showed a descending trend as 3.27, 3.20 and 3.17 g for triple, double and single inoculants, respectively, indicating a positive correlation between the production of cordycepin and the dry mycelia weight, but not linear. The number of inoculants used greatly affected the production of cordycepin and also positively correlated to the dry mycelia weight.


Networks are critical in the growth of knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) and include networks with service providers, suppliers, competitors, customers and investors. The research evaluates the variance of network relationships in terms of firm size and involved cross sectional survey of KIBS firms in India. Firms were classified into four groups in terms of number of employees: up to 100; 101 to 1000; 1001 to 10,000; and with above 10,000 employees. The study finds there is a significant difference in network relationships with customers and investors for firms with above 10000 employees as compared to firms with upto 100 employees. At the same time no difference across firms of different sizes is found in terms of network relationships with suppliers and competitors. The study also finds that as a firm crosses the threshold of 100 employees, network relationships across different groups do not have differences that are significant.


(57) Abstract: Pipe in pipe string, such as the circumferential direction of the orientation of the first pipe in the pipe string (13) to allow it to be determined with respect to the second pipe in the pipe string (13) a method of assembling the joint. Each pipe joint has a connecting member (15) and at least one pin member (13), said pin member (13) is coupled to said coupling member (15) and screw-and thereby the pipe joint (11 ) it is made. Threads (21, 29) is made with respect to the pin member (13) and the coupling member of each joint (15), each pin member and the coupling member is marked with the alignment mark (35, 37) . Thread (21) for each pin member is made to be identical to the threads of the other pin member in the pipe string. It uses a marking gauge attached to measure the total rotation capability of each pin member is achieved by adjusting the depth of the screw thread if necessary.


Introduction: This study reports a technique and result in the application of an intramedullary tibial nail for patients undergoing an open-wedge proximal tibial osteotomy. Materials and Methods: Fourteen knees of 10 patients with genu varum were treated with proximal tibial osteotomy using an intramedullary tibial nail. The average age at the time of operation was 25 years old. Tibial osteotomy was performed percutaneously through multiple drilling from the average 8.7cm below the joint line and no bone graft was performed in all cases. Concomitant fibular osteotomy was performed in 9 cases. The clinical and radiographic records were reviewed for a minimum 2 years follow up. Result: Union of the osteotomy site was obtained in all knees at a mean of 3.5 months in both anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. The mean postoperative correction angle was 11 degrees in femorotibial angle in frontal plane (P 0.05). The osteotomized tibia was lengthened average 6mm in postoperative anteropsterior radiograph. Range of motion of the knee was full at the latest follow up. There was no significant complication such as infection, deep venous thrombosis, nerve palsy, or implant failure. Conclusion: Open-wedge proximal tibial osteotomy using an intramedullary tibial nail for genu varum provides firm initial stability and early rehabilitation. Furthermore, there is no need of bone graft and no significant alteration in tibial slope after surgery. Thus this technique can be a viable option for the proximal tibial osteotomy in the treatment for genu varus.


Group Counseling Optimizer (GCO) is a recently proposed population-based metaheuristics that simulates the ability of human beings to solve problems through counseling within a group. It is motivated by the fact that the human thinking ability is often predicted to be the most rational. This research article examines the performance of GCO on the benchmark test suite designed for the CEC 2014 Competition for Computational Expensive Optimization. Experimental results on 24 black-box optimization problems (8 test problems with 10, 20 and 30 dimensions) have been tabulated along with the algorithm complexity metrics. Additionally we investigate the parametric behavior of GCO based on these test instances.


Haptoglobin is an a2 plasma glycoprotein that forms a stable complex with hemoglobin (1-5). The complex is cleared from the plasma much more rapidly than free haptoglobin so that marked hypoor anhaptoglobinemia is a concomitant of hemolysis (6, 7). Since free hemoglobin passes readily into the urine, whereas the complex, perhaps owing to its much greater size, does not, haptoglobin may play a role in the conservation of iron by the body (5, 7). Haptoglobin concentration increases markedly in man (8-12) and animals (13-15) in the presence of inflammation or tissue necrosis. Estrogen administration depresses the haptoglobin concentration in the serum of man (10). The site of synthesis of this protein is unknown although the liver has been suggested (16), for it is known that in some instances of parenchymatous liver disease haptoglobin concentration is reduced (10, 17). At least theoretically this might be the result of decreased synthesis by a damaged organ. However, increased hemoglobin


Objective
To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) in children.

Methods
Clinical data, relevant examinations, histopathological features and genetic test results of a male newborn with FDH who was admitted to the neonatal ward of Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Reports of pediatric FDH patients with complete clinical data were retrieved from PubMed, Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the establishment of these databases to March 2018 and characteristics of FDH was summarized.

Results
The case we reported here was a male neonate diagnosed with FDH in China, who was born with microcephaly, bilateral auricular cartilage dysplasia, tooth germ dysplasia and bipedal deformity and his skin, bone, gingiva, bilateral iris and pupils were all involved. Histopathological examination of the skin suggested dermal dysplasia. Genetic analysis showed a suspected chimeric nucleotide variation in PORCN gene (c.268 C>T), whereas no abnormalities were found in his parents and sister. A total of 60 cases (including the one we reported) of FDH diagnosed in childhood were reviewed, and 19 of them were confirmed in neonatal period. Fifty-seven of the 60 cases (95.0%) developed typical skin dysplasia and 56 cases (93.3%) with skeletal malformations, while other clinical manifestations vary. Histopathological examination suggested as dermis dysplasia, adipose tissue migration and reduction of appendage and collagen fibers. Among the 60 children, 19 (including four onset at neonatal period) underwent genetic testing and the results indicated PORCN gene mutation. Mutations in the four with neonatal-onset were c.956dupA, c.1061T>C, c.749C>T and c.268C>T. As the reported case was a boy, with only one X chromosome, the PORCN gene mutation could directly affected its function resulting in the abnormal phenotype. It was a de novo mutation as the same mutation was not detected in his parents.

Conclusions
FDH is a hereditary disease involving multiple systems with various clinical manifestations. Skin histopathological examination and genetic testing should be performed as soon as possible for early diagnosis and intervention. Accurate diagnosis is essential for genetic counseling, reproductive planning, prospective guidance and prognosis.

Key words:
Focal dermal hypoplasia; Acyltransferases; Membrane proteins; Infant, newborn


A novel horn antenna loaded with air-vias and partially etched broad wall is proposed. Based on the conventional substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna, the wide metal wall of the horn is partially peeled off. Also, the substrate at the aperture is arcuate protruding and the arcuate arranged air vias in gradual size are employed to modify impedance matching. Characters of higher-than-5 dBi gain strong directivity in 17.8 GHz to 28.2 GHz are achieved after simulation and optimization in CST Microwave Studio®. The proposed structure has a promising prospect in millimeter wave applications taking advantaging of easy integration, light weight and small size.


The submission provides a summary of the research conducted by Professor Nicholas Ryder on the Bribery Act 2010. The submission presents a summary of the key findings.


32 Background: Antimicrobial self-medication is common in most Low and Middle Incom e 33 Countries (LMICs). However there has been no systematic review on non-prescription 34 antimicrobial use in these settings. This review thus intended to stablish the burden, risk factors 35 and effects of antimicrobial self-medication in Low and Middle Income Countr ies. 36 Methods: In 2012, we registered a systematic review protocol in PROSPERO 37 (CRD42012002508). We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases using the 38 following terms; "self-medication", "non-prescription", 'self-trea tment', "antimicrobial", 39 "antimalarial", "antibiotic", "antibacterial" "2002-2012" and combining t hem using Boolean 40 operators. We performed independent and duplicate screening and abst raction of study 41 administrative data, prevalence, determinants, type of antimicrobia l agent, source, disease 42 conditions, inappropriate use, drug adverse events and clinical outcomes of antibiotic self43 medication where possible. We performed a Random Effects Analysis. 44 Results: A total of thirty four (34) studies involving 31,340 participants were i ncluded in the 45 review. The overall prevalence of antimicrobial self-medicati on was 38.8% (95%CI: 29.5-48.1). 46 Most studies assessed non-prescription use of antibacterial (17/34: 50%) and antimalarial (5/34: 47 14.7%) agents. The common disease symptoms managed were, respiratory (50%), fever (47%) 48 and gastrointestinal (45%). The major sources of antimicrobials i nc uded, pharmacies (65.5%), 49 leftover drugs (50%) and drug shops (37.5%). Twelve (12) studies reported inappropriate drug 50 use; not completing dose (6/12) and sharing of medicines (4/12). The main determinants of 51 antimicrobial self-medication include, level of education, age, gender, pa st successful use, 52 severity of illness and income. Reported negative outcomes of antimic robial self-medication 53 included, allergies (2/34: 5.9%), lack of cure (4/34: 11.8%) and causing dea th (2/34: 5.9%). The 54 commonly reported positive outcome was recovery from illness (4/34: 11.8%). 55 Conclusion: The prevalence of antimicrobial self-medication is high and varies in different 56 communities as well as by social determinants of health and is frequently associated with 57 inappropriate drug use. 58


Summary The structure of the boundary layer induced by a family of inviscid vortices with conical symmetry over a solid plane is analysed. Though the equations governing the problem over an infinite plane may be written in a self-similar form, they have no self-similar solutions connecting the no-slip boundary condition at the plane with the inviscid external vortex. Numerical computations on a finite circular disk of radius R suggest new variables in terms of which the solution tends to an asymptote as the axis is approached. Further, a similarity solution for the finite disk problem is given. This solution provides a relatively simple 'initial' velocity profile to consistently model the effusing core structure in actual vortices of interest.


ABSTRACT Currently, team supervision in doctoral studies is widely practised across Australian universities. The interpretation of 'team' is broad and there is evidence of experimentation with supervisory models. This paper elaborates upon a taxonomy of team modes and power forms based on a recent qualitative study across universities in a number of states and territories in Australia. Team modes, described as de facto dyad, segmented and collaborative are defined, explained and presented in diagrammatic forms. Team modes are understood as being fluid, oscillating along a continuum according to particular contextual factors such as thesis stage and personal/professional circumstances of team members. Operating parallel to team modes are forms of power, defined as 'power to', 'power over' and 'power with'. The article concludes that to maximise collaborative knowledge making within team supervision it is necessary to background social status. As the performance of social status is diminished the focus of the team endeavour is the creative exchange of ideas, creating 'power with'. The intention of this article is to provide more information to supervisors and doctoral students on team structure so that the needs of all parties might be met more reliably and productively during the intense and sustained period of thesis production.


Phlebitis is one of nosocomial infections that frequently occurred in hospitals. Phlebitis is mainly related with infusion and therapy. Many risk factors can cause phlebitis. The purpose of this study was to predict the prevalence of phlebitis in patients based on the causal factors in Banyumas Regional Hospital. The design of this study was an analytic survey of cohort approach, with a sample of 218 by using consecutive sampling. The study was conducted from November to December 2019 using checklist of observation sheets. The results demonstrates 5 phlebitis risk factors associated with the occurrence of phlebitis, namely the type of fluid (P = 0.011), nutritional status (P = 0.001), catheter size (P = 0.002), injection therapy (P = 0.027) and comorbidities (P = 0.003). The probability of 5 risk factors for the occurrence of phlebitis (88.28%) with nutritional status being the dominant factor (b = 3.928) with probability of (13.48%). To minimize the prevalence of phlebitis, the medical personnel may conduct initial phlebitis screening to determine accurate and appropriate preventive measures.


Based on Bloch theory,we show that the group velocity,delay time and storage capacity of coupled resonator optical waveguide(CROW) strongly depends on the coupled ratio.The result is the group velocity,delay time and storage capacity attenuates as the coupled ratio increased.And the dispersion relation became large as the coupled ratio increased.Using the transfer matrix,we simulated the racetrack resonator based A/D filter.When the attenuation is unconsidered,the coupled ratio has nothing to do with the transmission.But when the attenuation is considered,the transmission took off as the coupled ratio decreased.We simulated the CROW which attenuation factor is 0.995,coupled ratio is 0.235.The simulated results show that when the CROW contains 64 resonators,the delay time can reach lOOps and the transmission is-27dB,which make this design practical.


I am writing to you about the effect of smoking duration on metals deposition in biological tissue, cadmium induces deleterious side effects in the human body such as renal dysfunction, vascular disorders and interstitial cell tumors in the testes in chronic metals exposure (1). Cigarette smoking is one of the major causes for the progressive increase in mortality rate worldwide. Smoking is an exogeneous source of metals contamination in human body; a single cigarette contains 1.0–4.5 μg Cd and at least one tenth of the metal content of a cigarette is inhaled (2). In this study, our main goal was to explore the influence of smoking duration on cadmium deposition in both tissues of blood (as acute exposure indicator) and hair (as chronic exposure indicator) among university students in Amman, Jordan. The study was conducted on a group of 99 volunteers, 53 males and 46 females aged between 17 and 25 yr. The study has been approved by the Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences at University of Petra. This study is conducted on the behalf of community awareness program against smoking habit and the students were voluntarily cooperated. The study population was divided into three subgroups according to their smoking habits and duration; non-smokers, smokers for more than 1 and less than 5 yr and smokers for more than 5 yr. sampling process took place at University of Petra; Amman, Jordan, two biological samples were obtained from each volunteer hair and blood. Sample preparation was carried out according to friel and Ngyuen, 1986 guidelines (3). Digested samples of hair and blood were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscope (PerkinElmer optima 2000) (Department of Health Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia). Cadmium concentration in scalp hair and blood is illustrated in Table 1. There was a significant correlation between levels of H-Cd and B-Cd (r =0.56 P < 0.05). Levels of both H-Cd and B-Cd were significantly higher levels in smokers than non-smokers group; there was an increase of 34% and 40% in levels of cadmium respectively. Cadmium concentrations were increasing in blood and hair with duration of smoking, this result demonstrate a significant statistical relation (r=0.289. P< 0.05, r=0.303 P < 0.05) respectively. Interestingly, levels of H-Cd and B-Cd have increased for smokers of 1 and less than 5 yr in comparison with non-smokers group a in ratio of 25%, 29% respectively. On the other hand, there was an increase in levels of H-Cd and B-Cd for smokers of more than 5 yr in comparison with smokers of 1 and less than 5 yr group in a ratio of 30%, 33%, respectively. Whereas, there was an a two fold increase in levels of H-Cd and B-Cd in a ratio of 47%, 52% respectively, for smokers of more than 5 yr in comparison with non smokers group.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social intelligence of the managers on the mental health in the Supreme Audit Court. This study is an applied research and the method is correlational research component and the data collection method was a quantitative research. The population consisted of all managers of Supreme Audit Court in the year 2015 that accounted total number of 156 people, so 117 persons selected randomly by using kocran's formula as samples. Measurement tools are standard questionnaire. The results of regression analysis showed that there is a meaningful relationship between social intelligence (Self-Regulation, Self-Awareness and Social skills) and mental health of managers in the Hamedan Supreme Audit Court.


PURPOSE: To provide a fiber structure in the form of a refractory light-weight molding not contg. fibers injurious to health. CONSTITUTION: This fiber structure is produced by using inorganic fibers, at least 90% of which comprises 20 to 50% wt.% CaO and 50 to 80 wt.% Al 2 O 3 , and 10% of which as maximum comprises typical impurity oxides as the balance, using water or a water-contg. liq. as an added lip., and when occasion demands, using an ordinary refractory additive. The fibers which might still exist in the fiber structure are readily decomposed by water or body fluids. Nevertheless, the fiber structure has advantageous thermal and mechanical properties of the ordinary light-weight molding. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Background: The hamstring is a muscle that crosses two joints, that is the hip and knee, and its flexibility is an important indicator of physical health in its role in many activities of daily living such as sitting, walking, and running. Limited range of motion (ROM) due to hamstring tightness is strongly related to back pain and malfunction of the hip joint. High-frequency diathermy (HFD) therapy is known to be effective in relaxing the muscle and increasing ROM.
Objects: To investigate the effects of HFD on active knee extension ROM and hamstring tone and stiffness in participants with hamstring tightness.
Methods: Twenty-four participants with hamstring tightness were recruited, and the operational definition of hamstring tightness in this study was active knee extension ROM of below 160° at 90° hip flexion in the supine position. HFD was applied to the hamstring for 15 minutes using the WINBACK device. All participants were examined before and after the intervention, and the results were analyzed using a paired t-test. The outcome measures included knee extension ROM, the viscoelastic property of the hamstring, and peak torque for passive knee extension.
Results: The active knee extension ROM significantly increased from 138.8° ± 9.9° (mean ± standard deviation) to 143.9° ± 10.4° after the intervention (p < 0.05), while viscoelastic property of the hamstring significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Also, the peak torque for knee extension significantly decreased (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Application of HFD for 15 minutes to tight hamstrings immediately improves the active ROM and reduces the tone, stiffness, and elasticity of the muscle. However, further experiments are required to examine the long-term effects of HFD on hamstring tightness including pain reduction, postural improvement around the pelvis and lower extremities, and enhanced functional movement.


Sulfonated phenolic resin (SMP), phenol formaldehyde resin and sulfidation hum ic acid graft copolymers are selected. From comparision of results of correlation performance tests under given cond i- tions of heat resistance and salt resistance, the influence of molecular structure of hum ic acid on the mechanism of slurry treating agents in well drilling is probed.


Friedel–Crafts acylation of 2-methyl-1-phenylsulfonylindole 6 gave the 3-acyl derivatives 7 which upon side chain bromination with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) followed by treatment with primary amines afforded the title compounds 9. Diels–Alder reaction of 9 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) gave the polysubstituted carbazoles 12.


The metric for a broad class of spherically symmetric kink spacetimes is considered and the curvature 2-forms are computed. The mass density and principal pressures are obtained by diagonalizing the energy-momentum tensor. An example of a one-kink spacetime with a particularly simple angular term is presented and shown to satisfy the weak and dominant energy conditions but not the strong energy condition.


This study is concerned with crack propagation in a soft steel sheet during drawing. The drawability is considered in relation with the structural anisotropy. Most existing studies on crack propagation are based on the global mechanical properties. However, microstructural inhomogeneity can lead to micro-crack formation. Micro-texture can affect crack propagation and stops in soft steel during drawing. The EBSD technique is used to show that the adjustment of the grain orientation from the initial recrystallization component {111} towards the deformation orientation {111} incites a trans-granular crack inside a {111} grain in a globally ductile material.


Gresson's discussion of the phenomenology of coalition formation emphasizes the importance of "transcending experiences" for the alliance of sociopolitical outgroups. This article suggests two additional considerations. First, the outgroups which Gresson examines are the consequence of a democratic system which failed to adequately establish a societal "we‐relationship." Second, the communicative act itself (apart from its content) creates or nurtures a "we‐relationship" between individuals. Thus, leader communication with the potentially disaffected may help unify the society, apart from the message strategies employed. President Carter's public appearances during his first 17 months were studied to illustrate his coalition of "we‐relationships."


Internodal growth of bamboo was characterized by analyzing chemical composition, X-ray diffraction and CP/MAS solid state 13 C-NMR. When the longest (17th) internode of an 6m-high immature moso-bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel), 29.8 cm in length, was sliced into 28 rings and subjected to the analyses, growth of bamboo was concluded to occur upward from the secondary meristem localized at 1.06-2.13 cm above the node. CP/MAS solid state 13 C-NMR proved to be useful in a rapid determination of the exact position of the secondary meristem.


Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-2060 / The correlation of MR diffusion tensor imaging value and Pfirrman grade in adult with asymptomatic degenerated intervertebral discs" by: "E. Ma, G.-L. Ma; Beijing/CN"


The study on the use of association rules for the purpose of classification gave rise to a new field known as Associative Classification (AC). The process used to generate association rules is exponential by nature; thus in AC, researcher focused on the reduction of redundant rules via rules pruning and rules ranking techniques. The removal of rules however could negatively affect accuracy. In this paper, we radically store most of the rules in a condensed form utilizing automata. The automata offsets critical need for rules pruning and ranking. Our new structure is used for classification. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our automata based technique is significantly improved compare to the existing state-of- The-art algorithms which includes J48, AODE, BayesNet and FT etc. The analysis also shows that our automata based associative classification technique is efficient by means of computational time and space utilization.


The enigmatic temnospondyl amphibian Kestrosaurus ( K. dreyeri ) Haughton from the Lower Triassic of the Karoo Basin, South Africa, long considered a mastodonsaurid or benthosuchid relative, is shown to be a typical capitosaurid closely related to the coeval European genus Parotosuchus , based on a reinvestigation of its cranial morphology. Field observation showed that the provenance of the Kestrosaurus holotype occurs in the lower part of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone of the Upper Beaufort Group, rather than in the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone as was formerly thought. A new graphic restoration of the Kestrosaurus holotype suggests that « Capitosaurus » haughtoni Broili and Schroder from the same part of the Cynognathus Zone, is a junior synonym of Kestrosaurus . The same generic attribution is suggested for the holotype of the coeval « Wetlugasaurus » magnus Watson. Study of new capitosaurid material from the lower division (subzone A) of the Cynognathus Zone of the north-west Free State demonstrated that Kestrosaurus is the most common amphibian of this subzone. Apart from the type species, available data allow for the recognition of an additional species, Kestrosaurus kitchingi sp.nov.


PURPOSE: To obtain a fusible interlining cloth capable of suppressing the return and strike through by an enhanced relief and manifesting effects on enhancement of bonding strength by forming a thermally expandable polymer layer having a specific expansion temperature in dots on a fibrous support, making functions thereof form a screen relatively to a thermal bonding means and enhancing the relief of the thermal bonding means. CONSTITUTION: This fusible interlining cloth is obtained by coating the surface of a fibrous substrate 3 with a thermally expandable polymer 5 (e.g. a resin selected from an acrylic and butadiene) and a hot-melt adhesive coating layer 4 (e.g. a resin selected from a polyamide and a polyester) in the form of dots 7 and 6. The thermally expandable polymer has a lower expansion temperature than the service temperature of a thermal bonding means for the interlining cloth and the hot-melt adhesive coating layer 4 distributed in separate dots 6 is formed on the fibrous support 3 on the same side or opposite side of the thermally expandable polymer layer, or the fibrous support 3 is coated with the expandable polymer layer by dots so as to superimpose the expandable polymer layer in the thickness of the fibrous support 3.


A useful approach, TF -IDF (Term Frequency - Inverse Text Frequency) looks at the frequency of terms to figure out how important they are in a particular document. It's an excellent starting point for many different projects since it's a straightforward method for assigning weights to words. Constructing search engines, summarising documents, and other related information retrieval and machine learning activities fall under this category.


Changing teachers' perceptions about the value of technology and equipping them with appropriate knowledge and skills in pedagogical use of technology is often regarded as a key determinant of success in technology infusion in schools. However, recent studies have indicated that changing teachers' epistemological beliefs about the use of technology in teaching and learning may not necessarily bring about change in their practice, and that technology implementation in schools can be affected by other instrumental forces, such as collegial trust, support for risk taking and access to expertise within an organization. In this article, we delineate collegial trust, access to expertise, willingness to take risks, etc. as manifestations of social capital in an organization. We argue that social capital plays a pivotal role in leveraging pedagogical change in schools. To gauge teachers' self-perceived change in their pedagogical use of technology, we take a constructivist perspective to explore how technology serves as a tool for facilitating students to articulate their thoughts, to explore and construct knowledge, and to become more autonomous in learning. The results of our questionnaire survey indicate that (1) the social capital of a school had a strong direct effect on teachers' self-perceived changes in their pedagogical use of technology, and that the effect of social capital on pedagogical change outweighed that of teachers' perceived effectiveness of professional development; (2) teachers' receptivity towards technology use had a direct effect on their perceived effectiveness of professional development but a very weak effect on fostering changes in their pedagogical use of technology; and (3) the social capital of a school had a direct influence on teachers' receptivity towards technology use and their perceived effectiveness of professional development. To further unfold the complexity of technology implementation, more in-depth qualitative studies on how social forces shape the change process are deemed necessary.


In this paper, a reconfigurable metasurface unit based on the resonant coupling between the main reflector and the parasitic reflector is proposed to address the existing problems of narrow band and high loss for 5.8GHz industrial scientific medical (ISM) application. The metasurface unit we have designed consists of two main parts, the main reflector and the parasitic reflector. The design of the main reflector is based on the microstrip antenna theory, while the design of the parasitic reflector is based on the meander technique of microstrip antenna theory, which allows us to design the metasurface unit to achieve a broadband and low loss. The phase control of the reflected wave can be achieved by controlling the operating mode of the PIN diode connected to the parasitic reflector. When the PIN diode is on the parasitic reflector is resonantly coupled to the main reflector, while when the PIN diode is off the parasitic reflector is not resonantly coupled to the main reflector, resulting in a 180° phase difference between the reflected waves in the two states. The results show that When the PIN diode is on, the loss in the metasurface unit is −1.747dB; when the PIN diode is off, the loss in the metasurface unit is −0.506dB. As the PIN diode changes its operating state, reflected wave will have a phase difference of nearly 180° in the 5.662-5.945 GHz band.


Purpose: Freedom of speech and freedom of the press is generally attributed to an independent society where the basic rights of citizens are ensured. Balochistan, the western and resources rich province of Pakistan with its huge geopolitical importance has been under a strong wave of terrorism for the last two decades. This menace of terrorism has severely affected citizens of the province including media workers.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research endeavor is an attempt to explore the impact of terrorism on the performance of media professionals in Balochistan. The study is based on the Hierarchy of Influence model which provides ground to explore the influence of terrorism. In this quantitative study, the researchers employing the systematic sampling technique have selected 50 media professionals out of 194 registered journalists of five press clubs; Quetta, Chaman, Noshki, Mastung, and Loralai.
Findings: The survey findings show that terrorism has badly affected the quality of their reporting. The study also reveals that objective journalism is hard to follow in the province by journalists as they are always threatened not only by terrorists but also by the law enforcement agencies to mold the reports in their favor.
Implications/Originality/Value The findings also indicate that terrorism has also affected journalists' personal lives.


Reflex peripheral vasoconstriction induced by activation of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in response to reduced central venous pressure (CVP) is a basic mechanism for elevating systemic vascular resistance and defending arterial blood pressure during orthostatically-induced reductions in cardiac filling and output. The sensitivity of the cardiopulmonary baroreflex response [defined as the slope of the relationship between changes in forearm vascular resistance (FVR) and CVP] and the resultant vasoconstriction are closely and inversely associated with the amount of circulating blood volume. Thus, a high-gain FVR response will be elicited by a hypovolemic state. Exposure to microgravity during spaceflight results in reduced plasma volume. It is therefore reasonable to expect that the FVR response to cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading would be accentuated following adaptation to microgravity. Such data could provide better insight about the physiological mechanisms underlying alterations in blood pressure control following spaceflight. We therefore exposed eleven men to 6 degrees head-down bedrest for 7 days and measured specific hemodynamic responses to low levels of the lower body negative pressure to determine if there are alterations in cardiopulmonary baroreceptor stimulus-FVR reflex response relationship during prolonged exposure to an analog of microgravity.


S032 THE HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE GOLF OF HAMMAMET BASIN (TUNISIE) Abstract 1 N. BRAHIM* S. BRAHIM F. ZARGOUNI AUTHOR ECOLE NATIONALE DES INGENIEURS DE SFAX BP:W 3038 SFAX TUNISIEAddress The golf of Hammamet area could be considered as an attractive hydrocarbon province which is still hiding most of its hydrocarbon reserves. In fact all favorable conditions to generate big amount of hydrocarbon are satisfactory (presence of good source rock units high geothermal gradient good reservoir quality and favorable trapping mechanism). The Mactaris-1 well which penetrated a vertical column of 850 meters of bitumen at Serdj reservoir represents a sound


The last decade has brought phenomenal changes in the use of television. The growth rate of digital television leads one to think that it is increasingly becoming an important medium. With the DTV emerging as a major interactive channel, innovative interactive services that will be offered could affect audience perceptions and preferences. While these services promise to offer innovative ways to TV viewing it is essential to examine the viewers' perceptions. However, there are few if any studies that examine how viewers perceive this new medium. To this end, this paper reports the results of a survey being carried out. Sample is drawn from three countries: Greece, Spain and Finland. The results of this study offer insights and implications to business practitioners.


The change in electric resistance of single crystals of Ni3Fe, when placed in a magnetic field parallel to the direction of current, was measured with a potentiometer. The specimens used were rods of about 30 cm length and 0.2 cm diameter, the axes of which coincide with the tetragonal, diagonal and trigonal axes, respectively. As for the longitudinal magneto-resistance effect, every direction of the axes reveals an increase in resistance, the amount of which is in the decreasing order of [111], [110] and [100] directions. The anisotropy constants of magneto-resistance are gradually decreased with increasing temperature up to the Curie point.


This chapter deals with the conceptual problem of the quality of democracy and proposes a general hypothesis about some of its determinants. It first provides a definition of democracy which includes not only the political regime, but also the democratic State and the democratic dimensions of political society and civil society. It then considers the issue of the quality of democracy in terms of the observed distance between the ideal type definition of democracy and the actual practice of existing democracies in a number of concrete cases in Latin America and Europe. It then proposes a paradigm for the analysis of the quality of democracy and its determinants based on the concepts of Movements and Institutions. After having defined two ideal types of political action – The Politics of Movements and the Politics of Institutions – it argues that a central determinant of the quality of democracy is the antagonistic interaction between movements and institutions, which develops through long periods of group and class struggles dealing with institutional change and the establishment of an institutional context which should be more representative of the ideal and material interests of each one of the conflicting actors. More specifically, when the politics of movements prevails over the politics of institutions, this political practice negatively affects all the dimensions of democracy, producing its poor quality and threatening its very existence, since movements have an inherent tendency to be antiinstitutional, to rely on personal leadership rather then on the rule of law, to produce deep divisions not only in politics but also in society, dividing the political arena between enemies and friends, to engage in protracted conflictive relationships, which impedes the search for common solutions and the forging of a political community, supported by a stable institutional context. The chapter further argues that when one movement prevails over its enemies and conquers power, it tends to be authoritarian and even totalitarian, blocking the emergence of political competitors and eliminating political pluralism. In Latin movimientos e instituciones y la calidad de la democracia 20 America only the case of Cuba reached this stage. All other cases failed to institutionalize the movement in power and the leader was removed either by bullets or ballots, leaving behind institutional erosion, political identity crisis and the difficulty to build party politics. The chapter then considers that the legacy of the politics of movements, in democratic settings, is the weakness of institutions, the lack of political party systems and a tendency to establish a political practice which is defined as movimientismo, a political game where all major interests in society organize themselves as movements in order to affirm their identities, advance their aspirations, conquer positions of power and defend their particularistic interests – either against State institutions and/or political competitors that follow the same logic. The correlates of this political practice are patrimonialism, clientelism, personalism, widespread conflict, which is quite often violent, because of lack of institutional mediations. All these political practices are often associated with high levels of corruption, since personal arrangements prevail over the rule of law. The last section of the chapter considers the relationship between the two ideal type of political action and the nature and efficacy of public policies towards the most marginalized sector of society, advancing the hypothesis that societies characterized by the prevalence of the politics of movements tend to adopt public policies which are scarcely effective, because of their prevalent particularistic character, erratic, with limited coherence and continuity, since they are penetrated by political interests which lack a vision of the public good, without being constraint by institutional arrangements. Finally, some relevant differences are highlighted between the movements vs. institutions paradigm and populism on one hand and delegative democracy, on the other.


This paper shows a model of robot-robot communication that is based on the concept of 'network embodied cognition'. The communication between intelligent clawar agents is seen as an activity made possible by the self-organisation of coevolving 'situated' and 'embodied' cognitive processes, physically distributed among the inter-communicating agents, motivated and initiated by physical 'finalized' interactions with the environment.


Considering Dante's ambition to reconcile classical philosophy and Christian theology in his Commedia, this article articulates a theory of Dantean "pazïenza" as a Christian-paradoxical resolution of the Virgilian disconnect between erotic passion and stoicism. Dante's image of "pazïenza" in Purgatorio 10 exemplifies how the poet's attempts to transcend Virgilian pathos are often coterminous with his attempts to transcend Virgilian ekphrasis. Consequently, the image works to illuminate what is at stake in Dante's various appropriations of Dido's image and voice in the Commedia. Drawing upon the work of Kenneth Gross, James Heffernan, Henry Staten, Jacques Derrida, and others, the article explores Dantean "pazïenza" as an erotic, spiritual, and narrative principle: one that interrogates the connections between the force of the image in ekphrasis and the force of the image in mourning, between the movements of narrative and the ends of human love.


We currently live in a world shaped by technology and its constant changes with hardware and software that adapt to specific users that help improve processes, why unmanned aircraft were created, which today is modern technology. applications in the development that for its range of compatibility makes feasible the support with other systems. This is how in the area of work inside information. This article focuses on putting the manifest on the usefulness of drone technology in the mining area. In this same sense, this field includes information on the operation and use of drones in this field.