The effect of the microrotation and couple stress will be taken into account in the Non-Newtonian fluid with the suspension micro-particle. The rheological behaviors of the interaction between a hydrodynamic film flow and a magnetic field is extremely different from the flow of no applied magnetic field. The multiple-scales method is used to examine the weak nonlinear dynamics of the micropolar liquid film. The results display the flow becomes relatively more stable as the micropolar parameter K is increased at larger values of the Hartmann number. Furthermore, the working conditions can be found through the use of a system to alter stability of the film flow by controlling the applied magnetic field.


The utility model discloses a power socket with a function of leakage intensity indication. The power socket comprises a socket body with three-core jacks, and a leakage detection and leakage intensity indication circuit disposed in the socket body. The leakage detection and leakage intensity indication circuit comprises a leakage detection circuit, a buzzer warning circuit used to send out audible warning signals during electric leakage, an LED lamp indication circuit used to indicate leakage intensity, and a 5V power circuit connected with the leakage detection circuit and used to supply power for the buzzer warning circuit and the LED lamp indication circuit. The leakage detection circuit is connected with a power line L and a zero line N in the power line. The buzzer warning circuit, the LED lamp indication circuit, and the 5V power circuit are connected with the zero line N in the power line. The power socket is reasonable in design, convenient in wiring, and complete in functions. The power socket can visually inform users of electric leakage of household electrical appliances in time, and can inform users of leakage intensity. The power socket is low in realization cost, good in use effect, and convenient in popularization and use.


In this report, a modified Lorenz system is introduced for describing convective motion heated from below with a sinusoidal differential heating. The system includes two additional terms which intensifies the vorticity and stabilizes the temperature field. These two terms bring a new complex behavior. For a large horizontal temperature difference, the onset of chaotic convection is suppressed by the temperature difference and the marginal Rayleigh number is proportional to h 2 , where h is the horizontal difference in Rayleigh numbers. However, chaotic convection appears in a broad range of Rayleigh numbers.


This book is a collection of essays by Canadian, British and American applied linguists, some of them well-known in the field of second and foreign language teaching and learning. It is mostly directed at teachers in training and therefore aims at providing the necessary background to help them become more effective teachers of listening. It reflects the growing need to include the skill of listening as one of the fundamental components of any language course. As Joan Rubin points out in the introduction, listening presents the peculiarity of making "heavy online processing demands" on foreign and second language learners because they "must store information in shortterm memory at the same time as they are working to understand the information" (p. 8). In other words, the difficulty of listening lies in the necessity to process input quickly as, contrary to reading, there is not always a "second chance" to get the message right. Rubin distinguishes between background knowledge and procedural knowledge in listening and this distinction is used in the plan of the book.


Developing dispatching rules for manufacturing systems is a process, which is time- and cost-consuming. Since there is no good general rule for different scenarios and objectives automatic rule search mechanism are investigated. In this paper an approach using Genetic Programming (GP) is presented. The priority rules generated by GP are evaluated on dynamic job shop scenarios from literature and compared with manually developed rules yielding very promising results also interesting for Simulation Optimization in general.


The article describes the second phase of the struggle of the partisans with the Axis occupants on the territory of Bryansk Region, which is dated to the period from November 1941 to May 1942. It considers the process of centralization of controlling detachments, of guerrilla war staffs organization, of organization of guerrilla territories and zones.


I get that having a website, the time, treasure and talent, of #IndieWeb reflects privilege and I do agree "scratch your own itch" while


The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Investment Opportunity Set,
Capital Expenditure, and Corporate Governance to the Cash Holding on
Property and Real Estate Sectors Listed by Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Period 2012 - 2016. Independent Variable of these study are Investment
Opportunity Set, Capital Expenditure, and Corporate Governance is divided into
to separate variables; Board Size and Independent Commissioner. While
dependent variable is Cash Holding. The data used in this study is annual report
of 35 firms poperty and real estate that published by IDX during 2012 – 2016.
Sampling method used in this research is purposive sampling technique. The
model used in this research is panel data with Fixed Effect Model approach. The
results showed that the Capital Expenditure and Independent Commissioners had
a negative and significant effect on Cash Holding. While the Investment
opportunity Set and Board Size have no effect on Cash Holding


Aortic pulse wave velocity is an important diagnostic measure and has been associated with significant cardiovascular mortality. Our hypothesis is that this parameter can be measured using displacement fields obtained by registration of time-series images. This paper presents a method in which a form of the wave equation is used as a regularization term in the registration process. It is demonstrated that the method can capture the pulse wave velocity from numerical phantom images, even when noise is added to these images. It is further demonstrated that the method yields plausible results when operated on a real 4D image dataset.


SUMMARY Large scale parallel simulations are dealing with meshes with millions to billions of elements. As the numbers of elements in these meshes continue to increase, it is becoming necessary to deal with the generation and control of the mesh in parallel. This paper overviews a set of procedures that can accept a CAD model as input and generate initial meshes in parallel with 100's of millions of elements. Adaptive control of the mesh is supported by parallel mesh modification procedures that can perform parallel anisotropic mesh adaptation, including maintaining boundary layer meshes, on meshes with billions of elements. These procedures have been integrated with multiple parallel finite element analysis codes to support the execution of large-scale simulations where all steps in the process are executed in parallel.


Si m ul at io n Mx(i+1) My(i+1) Mz(i+1) 3775 A Serial Artificial Neural Network Model for TrueFISP Sequence Design Nahal Geshnizjani, Kenneth A. Loparo, Dan Ma, Debra McGivney, Vikas Gulani, and Mark A. Griswold Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States, Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States, Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States


—Protecting Critical Infrastructures (CIs) requires decisions made about systems with complex dynamics, which rarely admits accurate descriptions or precise predictions. For this reason, simulation models are often probabilistic, embodying known (physical) laws to the extent possible, but generally adding a random element to account for unexpected events that security management is primarily concerned with. One such complex element is the interplay between different components of a CI, i.e., the dynamic inside a CI, which is more than just the sum of the mutual dependencies. Another important factor is the interplay between CIs, which might be understood between two specific CIs but less well known when it comes to mutual impacts. Simulations can help assessing these dependencies, but only to the extent as they are accurately specifiable. This work addresses the practical issues of using a probabilistic model to simulate cascading effects in interdependent CIs by proposing methods to allow for specifications carrying subjective uncertainty. The description follows a running example of a fictitious water provider, where a stochastic simulation model of incident propagation is embedded into its existing risk management process. Our exposition runs up to the final question of the decision maker about where to take action and how to prioritize assets regarding their need for protection, but also their role in impact propagation. The final picture delivered by the method outlined here is meant as a support for risk management decisions, containing possible concrete scenarios in an aggregate form. The value for a decision maker is the revelation of previously unseen influences and impacts besides the known causes and threats being subject of the risk management. This paper demonstrates how a stochastic model of dependencies between CIs can be integrated in a standard risk management process and illustrates each step for the case of a fictitious water provider.


The temperature dependent dynamics of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) melts are investigated by measuring orientational relaxation of a dissolved probe molecule, 2-naphthyltriethoxysilane (NTES) using time resolved fluorescence depolarization. The temperature dependent viscosity of PDMS is also reported for two molecular weights. The measurements of nonpolar NTES probe dynamics are compared to previous measurements on the polar probe, N-(triethoxysilylpropy1)dansylamide. The activation energies for the orientational relaxation of the two probes arevery different. This is discussed in terms of the influence of the polarity of the solutes on the local structure in the melts. The results have implications for possible modifications of the physical properties of PDMS materials by using solutes or side groups of varying polarity. The synthesis of the NTES probe, which can also be used as a cross-linking reagent for PDMS, is also described. Silicone polymers are specialty materials used in a wide variety of commercial products including lubricants, cosmetics, con- struction sealants, oxygen-permeable membranes, drug delivery systems, and biomedical implants.'-' Much of this multibillion dollar industry is based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and its copolymers, either as melts or cross-linked rubbers. The increasing demands for siloxane polymers are fueled by the desirable properties of their inorganic backbone. Siloxane oils enjoy high thermal stability, a low melting point, a weakviscosity dependence on temperature, high hydrophobicity, and relatively good bio- compatibility. Most of these properties are macroscopically observable, yet they are ultimately derived from the characteristics of the silicon-xygen bond, and the interactions between siloxane chain segments. This study concentrates on the relationship between local siloxane chain dynamics, over a distance scale of a few monomer lengths, and the long range interactions measurable by viscometry. The main experimental technique employed is the measurement of time resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy of a chromophore attached to a probe molecule that is dissolved in the bulk polymer. The specific systems studied are melts of polydimethylsiloxane above the polymer glass transition tem- perature ( Tg - 152 K) that contain a low concentration of the


It said to allow the organic waste accommodated in said processing chamber to supply sufficient heat to the waste treatment chamber for receiving the waste column, and at least one gas outlet means is disposed above the processing chamber, the lower the processing chamber can be changed into the fuel gas in the waste treatment apparatus at least consisting of one plasma torch means having an output end extending into the process chamber bottom, the waste processing apparatus wherein the distribute oxidizing fluid is at least one oxidizing fluid distribution and mixing chamber, in conjunction this from an appropriate source, and and characterized by having at least one oxidizing fluid inlet for supplying the mixing chamber, and a continuous peripheral fluid communication with a lower portion of the waste column to the oxidation and mixing chamber the waste column has been loaded in the bottom, at least one of is formed with an outer peripheral wall of said distribution and mixing chamber is formed by being laterally spaced outwardly with respect to the inner wall the inner wall of the treatment chamber upper portion of the bottom around the opening and the treatment chamber for fluid communication with said oxidizing fluid inlet . Wherein at least one of the I oxidizing fluid inlet is associated said plasma torch means and separated, oxidizing fluid flowing indeed the distribution and mixing from at least one of the oxidizing fluid inlet while the apparatus is operating, and the oxidizing fluid inlet It is linked to at least one of the induction plasma torch a high temperature zone provided by the means. Waste processing apparatus, the distribution and mixing chamber, the plasma torch


Interpolative DPCM has superior prediction capabilities compared to the commonly used extrapolative DPCM, but since quantization errors accumulate during decoding, and since quantization errors are expanded by expansive coefficients that are proportional to the image size, IDPCM has the weakness that coding errors become excessive. In this paper, offsets are added to the pixel values of the image that is to be coded, where a new method is proposed for the offset adjustments such that a transformed image with smaller quantization errors results. The effectiveness of this algorithm is confirmed by simulations with real images. Since the offset values are determined by the solution of a nonlinear minimization problem with an evaluation function that is the coding error derived from the function of the offsets values and quantization errors of the adjusted image, a minimization algorithm that combines a descent method with a one-dimensional search and which exploits properties of the evaluation function is used. Furthermore, coded data rates are estimated, and rate-distortion curves are determined with the use of a hypothesized image probability model. By combining this method with a previously proposed subsampling method, it is possible to improve the image quality by 3 [dB], or reduce the coded rate by 0.3 [bits/pixel].


A growing need for ultra-high-speed data transfers has motivated continued improvements in the transmission speeds of the physical network layer. As researchers develop protocols and software to operate over such networks, they often fail to account for security. The processing power required to encrypt or sign packets of data can significantly decrease transfer rates, and thus security is often sacrificed for throughput. Emerging multicore processors provide a higher ratio of CPUs to network interfaces and can, in principle, be used to accelerate encrypted transfers by applying multiple processing and network resources to a single transfer. We discuss the attributes that network protocols and software must have to exploit such systems. In particular, we study how these attributes may be applied in the GridFTP code distributed with the globus toolkit. GridFTP is a well-accepted and robust protocol for high-speed data transfer. It has been shown to scale to near-network speeds. While GridFTP can provide encrypted and protected data transfers, it historically suffers transfer performance penalties when these features are enabled. We present configurations to the Globus GridFTP server that can achieve fully encrypted high-speed data transfers.


Let G be a connected simple real Lie group with finite center and let K be a maximal compact subgroup of G. Such a group is called an equi-rank group if rk(G) = rk(K). In this paper we give a new proof of the classification of the equi-rank groups (Borel-de Siebenthal Theorem). We also obtain some dual pairs inside ? R (the Lie algebra of G) such that at least one of the members of the dual pair is compact.


VisPad is a new haptics design for visualizing data, constructed from commodity massage chair pads with custom controllers and interfaces to a computer. It is an output device for information transmitted to a user who sits on the pad. The user interface is unique in that it has a large feedback area and is passive in nature, where unlike most current haptics devices, the user's hands are free to work on other things. VisPad can be used as the sole haptics device or can be used in conjunction with other haptics devices. We have tested the usefulness of VisPad in visualizing data by adding the VisPad interface to our protein structure-alignment program (ProtAlign) and performing usability studies. The data demonstrates that more information can be perceived at one time with our multi-modal presentation than with graphics-based visualization alone.


Abstract Ammonia synthesis via the high‐temperature and high‐pressure Haber‐Bosch process is one of the most important chemical processes in the world. In spite of numerous attempts over the last 100 years, continuous Haber‐Bosch type ammonia synthesis at room‐temperature had not been possible, yet. We report the development of a mechanocatalytic system operating continuously at room‐temperature and at pressures down to 1 bar. With optimized experimental conditions, a cesium‐promoted iron catalyst was shown to produce ammonia at concentrations of more than 0.2 vol. % for over 50 hours.


Domain Name System (DNS) service is a core service on the Internet and a key link to ensure the normal operation of the Internet. Since DNS can often pass through firewalls without being intercepted, it creates favorable conditions for attackers to build a covert channel based on the DNS protocol. DNS over HTTPS (DoH) can encrypt DNS lookup and response data packets to ensure that data packets are not monitored and used, but it also makes the DNS tunnels more difficult to detect. Due to the security of DoH, researchers began trying to detect DoH tunnels by using machine or deep learning. The effect of the model is not good if the data quality is poor or the amount of data is insufficient. Due to the privacy of traffic data, it is usually difficult to collect and share private traffic data to a centralized server. We propose a federated-learning DoH traffic classification framework (FL_DoH_CF), which permits multiple institutions to detect DoH tunnels by using convolutional neural network (CNN) without sharing traffic data. The experiments demonstrate that FL_DoH_CF is competitive with centralized learning, and it is still robust for non-independent and identically distributed (No_IID) data, and even achieves an accuracy of 99.86% for extreme one-class No_IID data.


Objective To investigate the preparing procedures of Yangxuefuzheng granules. Methods Using the content of ferulic acid as index, the optimum extraction conditions of Yangxuefuzheng granules was studied with the orthogonal test of Lg(34). Results The influencing power of factor were described as: C A D B(A: added water volume, B: decoction times, C: decoction frequency, D: precipitating concentration of alcohol). The optimizing preparation conditions were A3B3C1D1, i.e. added 10 times water, decoction for 3 times, 0.5 hour every time and added alcohol to 40%. Conclusion The optimum extraction procedures are rational, feasible, and the extraction rate of active components is good.


In this letter, we focus on the spectrum sharing cognitive radio system, wherein a single-input multi-output cognitive fading channel is considered. Subject to the joint average interference constraint and peak interference constraint at the primary receiver, the outage capacity of the cognitive channel involving joint beamforming and power control is analyzed. We derive the optimal beamforming and power control strategy and deduce the closed-form expression for the outage capacity under Rayleigh fading model, the functional regions of two kinds of interference constraints are discussed as well. Furthermore, considering zero-outage transmission, we investigate the delay-limited capacity and introduce a new concept called the zero-outage average interference wall. Extensive simulations corroborate our theoretical results.


Die steel is a kind of material which has the characteristics of hardenability and wear resistance.It is hard to machine by grinding precisely.In addition,it would generate large amount of grinding heat by using traditional grinding.That may lead to burns and cracks which have a great impact on machining accuracy and quality.During the development of super-speed grinding technology,it is possible to grind some hard materials like die steel accurately.At the beginning,the super-speed grinding temperature field model which has a single abrasive grain CBN wheel was established with software DEFORM-3D in order to know the change of grinding temperature and control it properly in the super-speed grinding process.And then,according to the finite simulation and analysis of grinding arc temperature field in different speeds,it was found that when grinding speed exceeds a certain value,the grinding temperature does not increase and sometimes even falls down a little.It is of great practical significance that some special materials grinded by traditional grinding difficultly can be machined accurately by super-speed grinding.


In many knowledge-based systems the used knowledge is distributed among several knowledge sources. Knowledge maintenance of such systems has several challenges to be met. This paper gives a short overview of a maintenance approach using so-called Case Factories to maintain knowledge sources and con- sidering the dependencies between these sources. Furthermore we present a con- cept how our maintenance approach can be applied to a multi-agent system with several case-based reasoning systems.


Introduction Setting up the development environment Site configuration Adding functionality Users Basic content Advanced content Drupal's interface Modifications Running your website Cron


Most of the fire detection are performed by sensor-based systems which have perceived the temperature and smoke by themselves and utilized in various type of industry after combining with the fuzzy theory. Generally this kind of methodology is useful for many spots of fire occurrences. However, it could not satisfy the requirement of accuracy and reliability on some environment. For example, large spaced factories, common area of electric power facility, communication facility are vulnerable to the sensing accuracy and too expensive to cover the entire place. Thus, fire might spread widely over the spots and hard to extinguish even though those sensors detect the fire. For the more it could be worse in the area that causes high temperature, humidity, dust, vibrations. In this study, we tried to improve the problems by using camera image processing instead of sensors. We designed the prototyped system and implemented it after suggesting some type of fire detection algorithm.


Various light antinuclei have been detected in accelerator experiments but remain unobserved in the primary cosmic radiation. The production of light antinuclei by antihelium interactions with ambient matter in the intergalactic space is calculated under the hypothesis of a complete symmetry in the physical processes taking place in matter and antimatter conglomerates. The fragmentation of primary antihelium in the intergalactic and interstellar space generates antideuterons and antiprotons with abundances comparable with those of primary antiprotons and antideuterons postulated to be emanated from antimatter conglomerates. At low energy, presumably below 50 GeV, the antinuclei flux reaching the boundary of the solar cavity is attenuated by the galactic wind, the ionization energy losses and the shielding of the regular magnetic fields. A simple consequence of this abundant antiproton production is that the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio in the Galaxy for energies exceeding 100 GeV may be significantly higher than the value of 10 3 measured at 10 GeV.


To the Editor. —Since its introduction more than 10 years ago, 1 the Freeman punctal plug (Eagle Vision, Memphis, Tenn) has been found to be useful in a subset of patients suffering from moderately severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. 2 The original design of the plugs had a large outer cap that often caused a foreign-body sensation and precluded long-term tolerance. Recently, two new plug designs (medium and small sizes) have been made available. We first used the smallest size plug (model 003) in May 1988. Since then, we have observed two types of complications with this new design that had not been noted with the original larger design: punctal scarring after removal of the plugs in one patient, and loss of the plugs into the canaliculi in three patients. Report of Cases. —Case 1. —Freeman punctal plugs were placed in all four puncta of a 49-year-old woman with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.


Purpose To examine the impact of cochlear implant (CI) intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) assessed by both self- and parent-reported measures. Methods In this national study of children implanted between ages 6 months and 5 years, HRQOL of 129 children 6-year post-CI was compared to 62 internal study (NH1) and 185 external (NH2) samples of hearing children frequency-matched to the CI group on sociodemographic variables. HRQOL ratings of children and their parents in each group, measured using the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition, were compared, and their associations with the Family Stress Scale were investigated. Results CI children reported overall and domain-specific HRQOL that was comparable to both NH1 and NH2 peers. CI parents reported worse child scores than NH1 parents in Achievement, Resilience, and Global score (p's \ 0.01) but similar or better scores than socioeconomically comparable NH2 parents. Higher family stress was negatively associated with all parent-reported HRQOL outcomes (p's \ 0.01). Parent‐child correlations in HRQOL global scores trended higher in CI recipients (r = 0.50) than NH1 (r = 0.42) and NH2 (r = 0.35) controls.


The invention relates to a multi-mode imageology system for screening and monitoring breast cancer. The system comprises an intelligent communication terminal and a multi-mode image mechanism which are connected in a wireless mode, the multi-mode image mechanism comprises a base, a central control cabinet arranged on the base, a driving mechanism and a multi-mode imaging unit, the central control cabinet is connected with the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the multi-mode imaging unit. According to the multi-mode imageology system for screening and monitoring breast cancer, by connecting the multi-mode image mechanism with the intelligent communication terminal in a wireless mode, workers can conduct real-time remote monitoring on the system, meanwhile, multi-mode image pickup is conducted through a tomography photography instrument, a B-mode ultrasound developing-out instrument and a magnetic resonance imager, the system monitoring and screening reliability is improved, in addition, an imaging frame is compensated through an image compensating circuit, the definition and contour sense of the frame are upgraded, and the system monitoring and screening precision is guaranteed.


In the aircraft design methodology, there are many methods to measuring the UAVs performance, such as, the minimize drag, the lift required or the take-off/landing performance etc. The multi-objective optimization is one of the popular method for UAVs design problem. In addition, in the UAVs design problem is required for high computational cost such as computation of fluid dynamics. The solution to the said problem could be reached through the method of the Efficient Global Optimization algorithm (or abbreviated, the EGO). However, the EGO was, in the first instant, intended for very limited use; namely, it was utilized as a solution for a single-objective optimization problem with just one additional sampling. Then, the EGO method must be required for long computational time for single-additional sampling procedure. The objective of this particular research was to study the EGO with multi-objective multi-additional sampling as a solution to the UAVs airfoil design problem. The Expected Hypervolume Improvement (EHVI) is applied with the EGO process with an intention to find a solution to the multi-objective optimization problem. Furthermore, there was a proposal to use multiple additional sampling methods in the efficiency improvement of the additional sampling process in EGO, and at the same time, keeping the performance of exploration based on EHVI maximization at the same constant There are two main goals in the application of this algorithm to UAVs airfoil design optimization, which include minimizing aerodynamic drag and maximizing UAVs airfoil thickness at the trailing edge. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation is applied for aerodynamic evaluation. By adopting the airfoil design, the results were the reduction in the aerodynamic drag, as well as 5% improvement of the thickness of the airfoil at the trailing edge when compared with the airfoil initial design.


The paper is devoted to experimental study of the crack propagation direction angles under mixed mode loading in the plate with the central crack inclined at different angles. Fracture mechanics criteria are discussed and compared. In the present paper the crack propagation direction angles on the basis of three different fracture criteria are found. The maximum tangential stress criterion, the minimum strain energy density criterion and the deformation criterion are used and analysed. The generalized forms of these criteria have been used. It implies that the crack propagation direction angles are obtained with the Williams series expansion in which the higher order terms are kept. The calculations are performed in Waterloo Maple computer algebra software. The analysis of the crack propagation direction angles show that the influence of the higher order terms can't be ignored. The angles differ considerably when the higher order terms are taken into account.


The existence of infrastructure is very important to support economic development. The current infrastructure development has not considered much of the meaning of the development object. Research uses Levi Strauss structuralism approach. The revelation of meaning begins with tracing the surface structure which is composed of form and function aspects. The method of revelation of meaning begins with examining the syntagmatic relationships between dam and custom elements. The search for paradigmatic relations between the two surface structures is to be done in order to reveal the deep structure of the Rotiklot Dam. Meaning is obtained through the interpretation of deep structure. The paper concludes that the expression of the deep structure derived from the Rotiklot Dam is the balance and harmonization of the materialization of relations between the fields forming Rotiklot Dam. Finally, to reveal the deep structure of infrastructure with the case of the numinous unity in order to maintain reciprocity between humans and humans, humans and creators, and humans and nature.


Fast filtering algorithms arising from linear filtering and estimation are nonlinear dynamical systems whose initial values are the statistics of the observation process. In this paper, we give a fairly complete description of the phase portrait for such nonlinear dynamical systems, as well as a special type of naturally related matrix Riccati equation. Résumé. Les algorithmes rapides de filtrage provenant du filtrage linéaire sont des systèmes dynamiques non linéaires dont les valeurs initiales sont les statistiques du processus d'observation. Dans ce papier, on donne une description assez complète du portrait de phase de ces systèmes dynamiques nonlinéaires, ainsi que d'une équation particulière de Riccati matricielle associée. AMS Subject Classification. 93E11, 93B27, 58F40. Received March 18, 1999. Revised October 7, 1999.


T HE merits of a mathematics-laboratory approach to problem-solving act1v1t1es have been widely acclaimed. Indeed, most teachers will readily acknowledge that laboratory learning situations sharpen the appeal to intuition and provide multifaceted learning interactions for the student. It is interesting to note that this modern teaching strategy often employs problem situations and learning devices that are quite historical in their origins. Napier's rods, magic squares, tangrams, the abacus, and the Tower of Hanoi all possess a historical significance that, if known, would enhance their teaching potential. A knowledge of historical origins can aid a teacher in devising a learning task or preparing a teaching strategy, as well as developing students' appreciation for the evolutionary nature of mathematics. The Thirty-first Yearbook of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Historical Topics for the Mathematics Classroom ( 1969), is particularly helpful. Of the five mathematics-laboratory devices mentioned. three had their historical origins in the Orient, and of tHt!se, twomagic squares and tangrams-had their beginnings in China. Yet it is only recently that Western scholars have begun to accord the development of mathematics in China its due attention. Although a variety of mathematical puales are ascribed to the Chinese, little acknowledgment has been made of their more noteworthy accom-


ADLER, G. H. and SEAMON, J. O. Distribution and abundance of a tropical rodent, the spiny rat, on islands in Panama, 349 ALLMON, VV. D. A plot study of forest floor litter frogs, Central Amazon, Brazil, 503 ANDREW, M. H. see GROSS, C. L. ARC1FA, M. S , NORTHCOTE, T. G. and FROELICH, O. Interactive ecology of two cohabiting characin fishes {Astyanax fascialus and Astyanax bimaculalus) in an cutrophic Brazilian reservoir, 257 BENNET, B. C. Comparative biology of Neotropical epiphytic and saxicolous Tillandsia species: population structure, 361 BENZING, D. H. see PAOLETTI, M. G. BENZING, D. H. see BERMUDES, D. BERMUDES, D. and BENZING, D. H. Nitrogen fixation in association with Ecuadorean bromeliads, 531 BHADAURIA, T. and RAMAKRISHNAN, P. S. Population dynamics of earthworms and their activity in forest ecosystems of North-cast India, 305 BIERREGAARD, R. O. Jr. Review of Ecology and land management in Amazonia, by M. J . EDEN, 405 BLAIN, D. and KELLMAN, M. The effect of water supply on tree seed germination and seedling survival in a tropical seasonal forest in Veracruz, Mexico, 69 BONGERS, F. see POPMA, J. BRAHMACHARY, R. L. see MIDYA, S. BRIDGES, R. Review of Imperialism and the natural world, by J. M. MacKENZIE (ed.), 394 BRUIJNZEEL, L. A. Nutrient input-output budgets of tropical forest ecosystems: a review, 1 BULLOCK, J. Review of Perspectives on plant competition, by J. B. GRACE and D. TILMAN (eds), 155 BULLOCK, J. A. Review of Insects of the rain forest of South-east Asia [Wallacea), by W. J. KNIGHT and J. D. HOLLO WAY (eds), 437 CHARLES-DOMINIQUE, P. Feeding strategy and activity budget of the frugivorous bat Carollia perspicillata (Chiroptcra: Phyllostomidae) in French Guiana, 243 CHENG YANG, J. and INSAM, H. Microbial biomass and relative contributions of bacteria and fungi in soil beneath tropical rain forest, Hainan Island, China, 385 CHOUDHURY, A. Ecology of the hoolock gibbon (Hylobales hoolock), a lesser ape in the tropical forests of north-eastern India, 147 COATES-ESTRADA, R. see ESTRADA, A. DANGERFIELD, J. M. and TELFORD, S. R. Seasonal activity patterns of julid millipedes in Zimbabwe, 281 DE SILVA, K. H. G. M. Population dynamics and production of the rocky stream-dwelling fish Garra ceylonensis (Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka, 289 DEL-CLARO, K. Notes on mimicry between two tropical beetles in south-east Brazil, 407 DENNY, P. Review of Ecology and land management of aquatic vegetation in the Indian subcontinent, by B. GOPAL, 540 DIKE, M. C. Review of Exploiting the tropical rain forest: an account of pulpwood logging in Papua New Guinea, by D. LAMB, 539 DOMINGOS, D. J. see GONTIJO, T. A. DUDGEON, D. Review of The control of eulrophication of lakes and reservoirs, by S.-O. RYDING and W. RAST (eds), 67 DUDGEON, D. see LAM, P. K. S. DUNHAM, K. M. Comparative effects of Acacia albida and Kigelia africana trees on soil characteristics in Zambezi riverine woodland, 215 DUNSTONE, N. Review of Guide to the mammals ofSalla Province, Argentina (Guida do los mamiferos de la Provincia de Salla, Argentina), by M. A. MARES, B. A. OJEDA and R. M. BARQUES, 57 ELTRINGHAM, S. K. Review of Elephant life. Fifteen years of high population density, by I. O. BUSS, 529 ELTRINGHAM, S. K. Review of Elephants, economics and ivory, by E. B. BARBIER, J. C. BURGESS, T. M. SWANSON and D. W. PEARCE, 530 ESTRADA, A. and COATES-ESTRADA, R.


An analysis of the arrangement of the ansa spiralis of 100 Corriedale sheep colons showed that 93 (93,0% ± 2,55) had regular patterns: 56 (60,21% ± 5,07) were seen with three centripetal and three and a half centrifugal coils, 30 (32,26% ± 4,85) with three and a half centripetal and four centrifugal coils, 6 (6,45% ± 2,54)with two and a half centripetal and three centrifugal coils and 1(1,08% ± 1,07) with four centripetal and four and a half centrifugal coils; the remaining 7 colons (7,0% ± 2,55) were observed with irregular spirals.


As part of an integrated approach to developing the potential of L. luteus and L. angustifolius in the UK, we have initiated a germplasm improvement program based initially mainly on field selection. Progress has been made with respect to yield and on going studies, including experiments carried out in flowing solution culture, are focusing on enhancing growth under alkaline soil conditions. This work is being combined with the development of new mapping families and the use of molecular markers.


Diabetic wounds are characterized by drug‐resistant bacterial infections, biofilm formation, impaired angiogenesis and perfusion, and oxidative damage to the microenvironment. Given their complex nature, diabetic wounds remain a major challenge in clinical practice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been shown to trigger hyperinflammation and excessive cellular apoptosis, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic wounds. ROS‐scavenging nanosystems have recently emerged as smart and multifunctional nanomedicines with broad synergistic applicability. The documented anti‐inflammatory and pro‐angiogenic ability of ROS‐scavenging treatments predestines these nanosystems as promising options for the treatment of diabetic wounds. Yet, in this context, the therapeutic applicability and efficacy of ROS‐scavenging nanosystems remain to be elucidated. Herein, the role of ROS in diabetic wounds is deciphered, and the properties and strengths of nanosystems with ROS‐scavenging capacity for the treatment of diabetic wounds are summarized. In addition, the current challenges of such nanosystems and their potential future directions are discussed through a clinical‐translational lens.


In order to provide pre-service teachers with rich contexts for learning to teach mathematics, teacher education programs usually combine a mathematics methods course with clinical teaching experiences. This paper explores a student-teacher's experience of loaming to teach mathematics by observing one mathematics methods course she was enrolled in and her actual classroom teaching. In particular, this ethnographic case study examines how the student-teacher understands and applies messages from the methods course to her teaching practices. Some differences emerge with regard to ideas and practices. The underlying factors for explaining the gaps are discussed. Finally, this paper provides some implications for pre-service teacher education.


This paper aims to study Chinese ending change reflected in Chinese textbooks of Joseon dynasty. In these books Chinese readings in Korean alphabet may reflect the phonetic changes in Mandarin. This paper will analyze these readings in Joseon Chinese textbooks and discuss several problems concerning Chinese ending change.
The conclusion of this paper could be made as following: First, -z (ㅿ) and -m(ㅁ) readings don't represent the actual Chinese ending of Modern Chinese at that time. -ʔ(ㆆ) and -w(ㅸ) readings may represent Chinese ending category. Secondly, the -z(ㅿ) readings in final position may reflect the main vowel change of Zhi-zhi-chi-yun(支紙寘韻). Thirdly, in some cases the -m(ㅁ) readings in final position is retained, but -m ending and -n ending were actually merged. Finally, -ʔ(ㆆ) and -w(ㅸ) readings in Joseon Chinese textbooks not only may represent Chinese entering sound change, but also represent the characteristics of Chinese readings in Joseon Chinese textbooks.


The article examines the potential implications of climate change on small island states, especially in the Pacific, and the mechanisms of the United Nations Framework Convention that may be germane to protecting their interests. The article suggests alternative legal mechanisms for effectuating this objective.


We discuss the relation between the Polyakov loop and the chiral order parameter at finite temperature by using the Gocksch-Ogilvie model with either fundamental or adjoint quarks. For fundamental quarks, the pseudo-critical temperature read from the Polyakov loop behavior turns out to coincide with the pseudo-critical temperature of the chiral phase transition. As for adjoint quarks, it is found that the chiral phase transition occurs distinctly at higher temperature than the deconfinement transition does.


Objective To describe the stress level of pregnant women, and to find out the main stressors of pregnantwomen. Methods The pregnancy stress scale was used to assess the stress level and stressors of pregnant women.Results The stress level of pregnant women was at moderate level and the main stressor came from the concernabout the health and safety of mother and fetus. Conclusin Nurses should pay attention to the stress of the preg-nant women, and give corresponding nursing care according to the actual stressor, so as to decrease the stress leveleffectively.


Dhruv Lakra is the founder and CEO of Mirakle Couriers. He started Mirakle Couriers after his MBA in social entrepreneurship at Oxford. Graduating from HR College in Mumbai, he pursued a few years in Investment Banking at Merill Lynch. He realised that his long term interests was in the social sector so he left the bank to work in Dasra – which is an organisation that works in social impact efforts for a few years. Dhruv wanted to explore the middle way between social work and conventional business leading him to the Skoll program for Social Entrepreneurship MBA at Oxford, after which he founded Mirakle Couriers. Over the last few years Mirakle Couriers has grown to operate in several branches in Mumbai, employing 70+ hearing impaired employees and delivering over 65,000 shipments per month. It has won several awards including the 2009 Hellen Keller award and the 2010 National Award for the Empowerment of People With Disabilities.


The sleeping giant is an environment where ʻcompliance' and ʻminimums' rule. Tony Wagner (2001, p.5) reminds us that, "we have a ʻculture of compliance' that aims at minimums not dreams for children and ourselves as teachers." In providing early childhood educational environments we are guided by the Education (Early Childhood Services) Regulations 2008 and Education (Playgroups) Regulations 2008, the Licensing Criteria for Early Childhood Care and Education Centers 2008, Playground Safety Standards, Health and Safety checklists, the Basic Equipment list and the sixteen areas of basic play.


Four upper rim bis-monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene-calix[4]arene conjugates 2a,b and 3a,b have been efficiently synthesized using a modular construction approach. The new compounds feature a molecular tweezer architecture with a quasi-parallel arrangement of redox-active tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) arms, which serve as the guest binding centers. Complexation studies using UV/vis binding titrations revealed a high affinity of the calixarene-TTF receptors for planar electron-deficient guests, leading to formation of deeply colored charge-transfer complexes in solution. The binding efficiency of the receptors depends on the flexibility of the calixarene scaffolds and the electronic nature of the TTF arms: the highest binding efficiency is shown by receptor 2b, featuring a highly preorganized molecular structure and an electron-rich TTF moiety.


A7 x 7 diallel analysis was done to study the genetic architecture of brinjal for earliness. Non-additive gene effect was found relatively more important for earliness in brinjal. The parents RCMB-10, RCMB-7 and RCMB-1 were good general combiners for earliness, and the crosses namely, RCMB-10 x RCMB-3, RCMB-10 x BB-64, RCMB-7 x RCMB-4, RCMB-1 x BB-40 and RCMB-1 x BB-64 were recorded as good specific combiners for these traits.


Porous carbon aerogel-silica gel composite materials were used as the electrodes of capacitive deionization(CDI) process, which were prepared by a paste rolling method. The electrochemical parameters such at current values, coulombs af a function of cycle, and CDI efficiencies were investigated for 10th and 100th cycles in 1,000ppm NaCl solution. Carbon aerogel-silica gel composite electrodes showed good wet-ability and higher mechanical strengths even under the NaCl solutions as well. In our experimented runs, all of the composite electrodes also are showed good cycle-ability without destroy of active material during cycles and decreased manufacturing times by . Conclusively, the adding of silica gel powder to carbon aerogel leads to the effective performance of CDI process due to effective utilization of active materials by increasing the wet-ability and mechanical hardness.


We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 75 nucleotides of the 3' -untranslated portion of normal human a globin mRNA which corresponds to the elongated amino acid sequence of the chain termination mutant Hb Constant Spring. This was accomplished by sequence analysis of cDNA fragments obtained by restriction endonuclease or T4 endonuclease IV cleavage of human globin cDNA synthesized from globin mRNA by use of viral reverse transcriptase. Analysis of cRNA synthesized from cDNA by use of RNA polymerase provided additional confirmatory sequence information. Possible polymorphism has been identified at one site of the sequence. Our sequence overlaps with, and extends the sequence of 43 nucleotides determined by Proudfoot and coworkers for the very 3'-terminal portion of human a globin mRNA. The complete 3'-untranslated sequence of human a globin mRNA (112 nucleotides including termination codon) shows little homology to that of the human or rabbit a globin mRNAs except for the presence of the hexanucleotide sequence AAUAAA which is found in most eukaryotic mRNAs near the 3'-terminal poly(A). INTRODUCTION Recent structural studies of eukaryotic mRNAs show that there are relatively long stretches of untranslated RNA between the termination codon and the 3'-terminal polyadenylic acid of the mRNA. Complete sequences are available for the 3'-untranslated regions of SV40 early and late mRNAs and for human and rabbit beta chain mRNAs; partial sequences are available for several other eukaryotic mRNAs. These various sequences show some homology in the region immediately preceding the polyadenylic acid. The remainder of the untranslated sequences are remarkable for their diversity, both in chain length and in nucleotide sequence. For example, the 3'-untranslated regions of rabbit and human beta globin mRNAs are substantially different (1,2,3), and more divergent than the translated sequences (1,2). Therefore it was desirable to extend these studies to determine if the 3'-untranslated sequence of human alpha globin mRNA demonstrates any homology with that of the human beta globin mRNA. 2353 C) Information Retrieval Limited 1 Falconberg Court London Wl V 5FG England Volume 4 Number 7 July 1977 Nucleic Acids Research Nucleic Acids Research METHODS (a) Enzymes and substrates. The following restriction endonucleases were either obtained from New England Biolabs or prepared in this laboratory by published procedures: EcoRII (4); HpaII (5); HaeIII (4,6); Alu I. T4 endonuclease IV was the kind gift of W. Sadowski; bacterial alkaline phosphatase was from Worthington; (y 32P) ATP, 1000 to 4000 Ci/mmole, from ICN or New England Nuclear. T4 polynucleotide kinase was purified from T4 infected E. coli by the method of Richardson (7). Sickle cell globin mRNA was isolated from reticulocyte RNA as previously described (8) and purified by oligo (dT) cellulose column chromatography. Purified sickle cell mRNA from individual patients was then used as a template for the production of single or double stranded cDNA by the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus as described previously (1,9). (b) End-labeling using polynucleotide kinase and (y 32P) ATP. For sequence analysis 6 to 10 jg of double stranded cDNA (synthesized in the absence of actinomycin D) were digested for 18 hr with restriction endonucleases as previously described (1). After digestion, the cDNA was treated with 0.4 to 0.6 jg of bacterial alkaline phosphatase for 60 min at 370 in 60 mM Tris, pH 9.0. The reaction mixture was extracted twice with water-saturated phenol. The supernatant was collected after centrifugation, and traces of phenol were removed by a succession of ten ether extractions. The cDNA was precipitated by the addition of 1/10 volume of 3.0 M sodium acetate pH 7.0 and 2 volumes of ethanol at -200. The resulting precipitate was collected by centrifugation at 100,000 X G for 1 hr and redissolved in 100 jl of 70 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 20 mM MgC12, 5 mM dithiothreitol; 5 jl of 0.15 mM spermidine were added and the solution heated to 90O for 3 min. After cooling,200 to 250 jiCi of high specific activity (y-32P) ATP and 10 units of T4 polynucleotide kinase were added and the solution incubated at 370 for 60 min. The labeled digestion products were then separated by gel electrophoresis in a vertical 40 cm slab gel apparatus as described by Subri,manian et al. (10), except that the upper 2/3 of the gel consisted of 10% acrylamide and lower 1/3, 15% acrylamide. After electrophoresis in the presence of 200 volts forl8 hr the gel was covered with cellophane wrap and subjected to autoradiography. The gel segments corresponding to 32p_ labeled cDNA fragments were excised and ground in O.lx SSC using a Tekmar tissue grinder. After centrifugation of the gel suspension, the cDNA


Background: More then 15 studies associated genetic variants in 17q21 region with asthma. We aimed to investigate whether amongst Croatian asthmatic children, genetic variants in this region are associated with asthma severity and exacerbation. Methods: We recruited 423 children aged 6-18 years with physician-diagnosed asthma. Information on hospital admission with asthma exacerbations was retrieved from medical records. Data on wheeze frequency and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure was collected using validated questionnaire. Lung function (FEV 1 %predicted) was measured using spirometry. We analyzed 35 haplotype-tagging SNPs in 17q21. Results: We found significant associations between 4 SNPs and hospital admissions (rs12150079, rs7212938, rs2290400, rs8067378). For example, G allele homozygotes in rs12150079 were at higher risk of being admitted to hospital than carriers of A allele (aOR 1.85, 95%CI 1.26-2.72, p=0.002); this SNP was also associated with current wheezing. Six SNPs were associated with lung function (rs9635726, rs921651, rs9900538, rs3169572, rs4795403, rs471692). In addition, we observed significant interaction between 3 SNPs (rs12603332, rs8067378, rs9303277) and in utero ETS exposure in relation to lung function (p int 1 %predicted than minor allele carriers, but amongst non-exposed children there was no difference in lung function between different genotype groups. Conclusion: Variants in 17q12-21 region may be associated with asthma severity and may interact with in utero ETS exposure in determining lung function amongst asthmatic children.


The invention belongs to the field of chemical pharmacy, and particularly relates to 8 or 12 structured 7-oxygen, sulphur or aza-substituent coumarin and a derivative and antineoplastic activity thereof. According to the antineoplastic activity and pharmacologic action target spot test, the result shows that the compound has the function of restraining the growth activity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, the drug resistance tumor strain of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, lung carcinoma cells and prostate cancer cells. The pharmacological research result shows that the cell apoptosis can be promoted, and the cell division cycle G2/M period can be acted. The compound is novel in structure, and a good basis is laid for going deep into the acting target spot, drug resistance reversing and other related pharmacology mechanism studies. The molecular formula is shown in the specification, wherein X represents oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms, R2 represents alkyl, alkoxy, halogenate or ester group, R3 represents alkyl, substitute aromatic heterocycte including 6-chloropyridine and substituent aralkyl.


In 1997, more than 180 countries gathered in Kyoto, Japan, in search of a coordinated international response to global warming. The provisional agreement they reached appeared to mark a significant step forward. But the Kyoto Protocol is coming unraveled. Despite nearly a decade of effort, it may not even enter into force as a binding instrument. Canada, Japan, and the European Union -the most enthusiastic advocates of the Kyoto process -are not on track to meet their commitments. And the United States has withdrawn from the agreement entirely. Those concerned with the sustainability of the earth's climate could be forgiven for feeling depressed.


Sightings of any member of a population of unknown size N occur according to a homogeneous Poisson process. The processes are independent and have a common rate. Individuals are given a distinctive tag at the time they are first sighted. Various stopping rules have appeared in different areas of the literature for deciding when all the individuals in the population have been seen. The average time to termination of these rules is compared. Computational results suggest that the best performances are provided by two of the rules based on the cumulative waiting time to sight a given number of unmarked individuals


Abstract : This paper describes an approach that can be applied to a hazardous waste site where known groundwater contamination exists are remedial action is necessary to mitigate the environmental concerns. The sampling program is conducted to locate, as accurately as possible, the position, extent and depth of contaminant source areas, and to identify the potential contaminants present as well as the potential extent of contaminant migration in the soil and groundwater. These sampling procedures utilize the maximum number of backhoe trench excavations (to locate the apparent boundary of contaminant source areas and obtain composite soil samples along a prescribed coordinate grid system) and field-implemented analytical techniques (to screen soil samples and eliminate those of little or no contamination). Laboratory analytical procedures are used to characterize the waste constituents found in the source areas and contaminated soils, and to provide the necessary level of quality assurance. In all, the sampling program described herein maximizes the use of field-implemented analytical techniques which reduces the overall cost of laboratory analytical procedures.


Most existing multicast protocols for wireless ad-hoc networks operate at the network layer and make no assumption about the underlying link and physical layer protocols. This results in inefficiency in the usage of bandwidth and power. In this paper, we assume a DS-CDMA based wireless ad-hoc network and propose two schemes, Centralized-Tree Distributed-Power (CTDP) and Distributed-Tree Distributed-Power (DTDP), tailored to the link and physical layer protocols. Both schemes seek to construct a multicast tree and determine the power levels at which the nodes should transmit to satisfy the SINR requirements of all receiving nodes with the least total transmit power. Empirical evaluation shows that CTDP is more efficient than DTDP in terms of consumed transmit power but at significantly higher computation cost. On the other hand, DTDP is fully distributed and thus may be better suited for mobile wireless ad-hoc networks.


This paper points out that the substitute encryption algorithm proposed in reference1 cannot resist known-plaintext attack.The analyses show that the key of this cipher can be found with very few known plaintext-cipher pairs;and the permutation algorithm is only provided with very small key space.So an attack scheme is proposed,and the example of the attack scheme successfully brokes the encryption algorithm.A proposal for improvement algorithm is proposed,too.


We present a capacitive-type flexible micro sensor for measurement of the human skin piloerection arisen from sudden emotional and environmental change. The present skin piloerction monitoring methods are limited in objective and quantitative measurement by physical disturbance stimulation to the skin due to its bulky size and heavy weight. The proposed flexible skin piloerection monitoring sensor is composed of 3×3 spiral coplanar capacitor array using conductive polymer for having high capacitive density and thin enough thickness to be attached to human skin. The performance of the skin piloerection monitoring sensor is characterized using the artificial bump, representing human skin goosebump; thus, resulting in the sensitivity of -0.00252%/μm and the nonlinearity of 25.9% for the artificial goosebump deformation in the range of 0~326μm. We also verified two successive human skin piloerection having 3.5s duration on the subject's dorsal forearms, thus resulting in the capacitance change of -6.2fF and -9.2fF for the piloerection intensity of 145μm and 194μm, respectively.


Due to the exuberant capacity of the AEC plants in the United States, the development of isotope separation processes for the production of uranium-235 and heavy water has come to a standstill. The situation is analyzed mostly on the basis of data and results published in the last three years. (auth)


The supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus is one of the key neurosecretorylinks that ensure the joining of the nervous and endocrine regulation mechanismsinto the general neuroendocrine system, thereby participating in the realization of thebody's response to experimental influences. Despite deep and comprehensive studies ofthe hypothalamus, until now there are no unified ideas about its individual reactivityand the degree of involvement of these structures in the stress response, caused by prolonged exposure to constant darkness (light deprivation).The aim of this work is to study the effect of light deprivation on the morphofunctionalstate of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats.Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on nonlinear male white rats,which were divided into 2 series of studies, biomaterial sampling of which was taken at14.00 and 02.00 h using morphofunctional and statistical research methods.Results. The study of the morphometric characteristics of the neurons of thehypothalamus SON revealed the diurnal dynamics of indices. Under the light regime12.00C:12.00T, a daily rhythm of the morpho-functional activity of SON neurons witha maximum activity is registered in rats in the daytime.When the animals were kept under conditions of constant darkness (00C:24.00T), anincrease in the size of its nucleus 21.1±2.4% (r=0.73), caused by an increase in thearea of the neuron nucleolus (r=0.89), which constituted 61.94±7.07 µm2, was revealedat 14.00. Attention was also drawn to a significant decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmicratio (NCR) relative to intact animals, which constituted 2.07±0.041 units. Lightdeprivation led at 14.00 to a significant RNA concentration decrease in the nucleus35.3±2.1%, and in the nucleolus 26.6±1.9%.The studies, carried out at 02.00 h, revealed that the area of the neuron nucleuswas 98.33±5.40µm2and significantly larger than that in the intact animals. Thesechanges were accompanied by an increase in the area of the nucleolus, which was48.90±6.892µm2(r=0.87) and the area of the neuron cytoplasm, which was within217.61±7.19 µm2(r=0.91). The NCR of a neuron in the SON of the hypothalamus at02:00 was lower than that in the intact animals 2.67±0.17%. A significant increasein RNA concentration in the nucleus, nucleolus and cytoplasm of neurons in thehypothalamic SON was noted relative to the indices of animals of the previous timeinterval, which were under conditions of constant darkness.Compared to the daytime period (14.00 h), up to 02.90 h, NCR increase was revealedin the nighttime observation period in the neurons under study, which constituted2.55±0.022 units.Conclusions. 1. Photoperiod duration significantly affects the daily activity of thehypothalamus SON. 2. Permanent darkness (light deprivation) does not lead to aninversion of the rhythm of the morphofunctional activity of the neurons under study,the maximum values, as in intact animals, are registered in the daytime interval. 3.Light deprivation causes a significant increase in the area of the neuron, its nucleus,nucleolus in the night and day intervals of observation. At the same time, a decrease inthe nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, a decrease in the concentration of RNA in the nucleusand nucleolus of the neuron of SON of the hypothalamus of rats in the daytime isobserved.


Resumen en: A conceptual relationship between Seligman´s learned help1essness and Rotter´s locus of control constructs is postulated. An external locus of control ...


Theimmuneresponsetothemycobacterial 65-kDa heatshockprotein (hsp65) isconsidered an important eventintheinduction ofadjuvant arthritis (AA)inrats; this induction probably occursthrough a molecular mimicrymechanism involving cross-reactivity against therathomologhsp60.To analyze theroleof mammalian molecule hsp60inarthritis, we generated a recombinant vaccinia virus (hsp60-VV) carrying the humanhsp60 gene inserted intothethymidine kinase locus underthecontrol ofthe7.5kvaccinia virus promoter. Humanhsp60isalmost identical toits rathomolog (97.4% linear aminoacidhomology) andshares about50%oofaminoacidpositions withMycobacterium tuberculosis hsp65. Thelatter supposedly carries a critical epitope forAA induction thatisnotpresent inhumanhsp60. Infections withhsp60-Wofmonkeycell cultures ledtotheexpression ofthehumanhsp60molecule, asevidenced byimmunoblotting analysis with specific monoclonal antibodies. Also,Lewisratsinfected withhsp60-Wproduced specific antibodies, demonstrating theinvivoexpression ofhumanhsp60intheinfected animals. Therefore, we usedhsp60-Wto analyze whether thedelivery ofhsp60could affect theinduction ofAA inLewis rats. hsp60-Wclearly reduced andretarded arthritic symptomswhenadministered toratsatday7 after AA induction. Incontrast, inoculation ofratswitha control recombinant vaccinia virus didnotaffect thecourseofthedisease. The improvement inAA withhsp60-Wadministration was associated witha specific immuneresponse,as determined bythepresenceofantibodies tohsp60 intheseraandtheproliferation induced byhsp60ofTcells frompopliteal lymphnodes. Theseresults support a critical role forimmunity toheatshockproteins inAA. Since theprotective construct isvirtually identical torathomolog hsp60, we conclude thatimmunity directed toconserved areasofthisfamily ofproteins isdirectly involved inthepathogenesis ofAA. Adjuvant arthritis (AA)inratsisamodelofautoimmunity inwhichacellular immuneresponse totheepitope from residues 180to188ofthemycobacterial 65-kDa heatshock protein (hsp65) hasbeenclaimed asacritical eventinthe development ofthedisease (16, 40,44). Thebasis ofthis phenomenon supposedly depends onthecross-reactivity of this mycobacterial protein andanas-yet-unidentified


To filter the most appropriate cultured Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don tissue for cryopreservation by vitrification and its best dehydration treatment time bud,bulbs and callus of cultured Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don which have been subcultured for 15 days and precultured in solid medium MS+30 g/L sucrose+5 %DMSO for 6 days were loaded with 60% PVS2 for 25 min under room temperature,and dehydrated with 100% PVS2 for different time at 2 ℃ respectively,then put into the liquid nitrogen for preservation.The results show that the best dehydration treatment time of bud,bulbs and callus of cultured Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don all are 60 min,and the highest survival rate of callus reaches 80.08%.


Recently genetic algorithm based techniques have been introduced in Femtocells communication systems due to inherent advantages. Higher Quality of Service is the demand of users and service providers in day to day communication. This requires an efficient optimization technique to ensure the best quality. In this paper a genetic algorithm based technique is presented for optimization of coverage, power, and bit error rate for performance optimization of Femtocell. Simulation results demonstrate that genetic algorithm based optimization technique is an efficient technique for achieving batter performance in Femtocell environment


The Lao public and government are becoming increasingly aware of sustainable development issues. Laos is also beginning to develop a comprehensive body of domestic legislation to deal with conservation and pollution issues. The government plans to adopt a framework environmental law soon and has demonstrated a firm commitment to care for the environ ment by pursuing a variety of training programs and projects. As Laos prepares to enter the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), where it will take part in the ASEAN Ministerial Meetings on the Environment, it also hopes to become a party to various international environmental conventions. The prospects for sustainable development in Laos appear hopeful. Success depends on a coordinated environmental approach between the central government and the provinces, the adoption of a framework environmental law, and additional domestic legislation, strong enforcement efforts, and increased environmental awareness.


Classification is one of the core problems in Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD), targeting for early cancer detection using 3D medical imaging interpretation. High detection sensitivity with desirably low false positive (FP) rate is critical for a CAD system to be accepted as a valuable or even indispensable tool in radiologists' workflow. Given various spurious imagery noises which cause observation uncertainties, this remains a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel, two-tiered coarse-to-fine (CTF) classification cascade framework to tackle this problem. We first obtain classification-critical data samples (e.g., implicit samples on the decision boundary) extracted from the holistic data distributions using a robust parametric model (e.g., [13]); then we build a graph-embedding based nonparametric classifier on sampled data, which can more accurately preserve or formulate the complex classification boundary. These two steps can also be considered as effective "sample pruning" and "feature pursuing + kNN/template matching", respectively. Our approach is validated comprehensively in colorectal polyp detection and lung nodule detection CAD systems, as the top two deadly cancers, using hospital scale, multi-site clinical datasets. The results show that our method achieves overall better classification/detection performance than existing state-of-the-art algorithms using single-layer classifiers, such as the support vector machine variants [17], boosting [15], logistic regression [11], relevance vector machine [13], k-nearest neighbor [9] or spectral projections on graph [2].


According to one aspect of the present invention supported by an electric field robotic nozzle printer is provided according to the present disclosure, which comprises: a solution storage means for supplying an output solution; a nozzle for dispensing the output solution, which is supplied from the solution storage means; voltage applying means for applying a high voltage to the nozzle; a flat and movable collector, in the organic wires that are formed after issuing from the nozzle are aligned; a robot-controlled table which is installed on the collector and allowing the collector in a horizontal plane is moved in an XY direction (horizontal direction); a micro distance control means for controlling the distance between the nozzle and the collector in a Z direction (vertical direction); and a base plate that is installed under the robot stage, for maintaining the flatness of the collector and preventing vibration, which is generated during operation of the robot stage.


Nowadays, a lot of types of communication system to make consensus among people are provided. We can utilize these kinds of systems, such as Social network system, e-mail, and instant messenger system, to make a decision and determination through online discussion. In the next decade, we can forecast a lot of types of consensus formation systems are provided and we may find new communication systems integrating between cyber and physical environment. In this talk, I introduce our conducted experiments using cyber-physical discussion environment in the panel discussion session in the conference. In the session, facilitator asks question to panelists about issues on the discussion and attendees can also do as well by their voice. Each attendee also can post and declare his/her opinions and suggestions through the online discussion system during the session. One or two facilitators facilitate the discussion in the online system as well as real discussion. We found out a lot of interesting results of attendees survey taken in before/after the experiments. I also introduce the environment to provide useful information for attendees by the digital signage system in the conference venue. This digital signage system is connected to the attendees location capture system and conference registration system. These integrations between cyber and physical environments and data enable to make better consensus formation between all sorts of people.


The invention discloses a nano-cellulose dispersing agent as well as a preparation method and application of the nano-cellulose dispersing agent. The nano-cellulose dispersing agent is prepared by the method comprising the following steps: fully and evenly mixing 5g of undried absolute dry softwood pulp, 78mg of TEMPO and 514mg of NaBr; triggering a reaction by introducing 30mL of 12% NaClO, and carrying out the reaction while mixing at the room temperature; controlling and stabilizing the pH value of a system to be 10.5 by NaOH; finishing the reaction until the rest NaClO in the system completely reacts; washing the reacted slurry by filtering until the pH is neutral; preparing the obtained fiber into a solution with 1% of centration, and treating the solution by a microfluidizer under the pressure of 5-25KPa to obtain transparent nano-cellulose dispersion liquid; storing the dispersion liquid in a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 DEG C. NFC is taken as the dispersing agent for dispersing two-dimensional materials BN and MoS2 as well as one-dimensional material CNT, so that the dispersing method is simple. The environment-friendly aqueous solution and dispersing agent are used, the dispersion efficiency is high, and the material can be dispersed on a large scale. The NFC is green and non-toxic, so that the NFC auxiliary dispersing material not only can be applied to an energy storing device, but also has important application prospect in the field of life sciences.


Integrated working was high on the agenda at the annual conference of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, held in Birmingham over 3 days in April.


Using scanning electron microscopy, Amoeba proteus cells migrating on the glass have been shown to develop dense coats of minipodia, which are discrete microprotrusions up to 8μm long and ∼0.5μm across. They cover the middle‐anterior area of the ventral cell surface, i.e. the region previously determined as the zone of most efficient adhesion of an amoeba to its substratum. Minipodia are sparse underneath the frontal zone and lacking from the tail region. In amoebae that adhere to the glass without moving, have just started moving, or show unstable motor polarity, minipodia are grouped in rosette contacts, cauliflower‐like papillae composed of supporting platforms with crowns of minipodia emerging from them. Both structures abound with cytoskeletal F‐actin, as shown by staining with fluorescein‐conjugated phalloidin. Amoebae experimentally prevented from adhering to the substratum neither develop discrete minipodia nor rosette contacts.


This report identifies the current state of the practice regarding sharing operations data. A primary objective of this study is to document both the qualitative and quantitative business cases for sharing data among agencies. The study also documents the institutional, legal, and technical challenges that can inhibit data sharing. Information used in this study was acquired through a review of the literature, and a survey of state and local transportation operations individuals as well as transit service providers, law enforcement, emergency management agencies, private sector data providers, private sector traveler information providers, and other agencies responsible for transportation operations.


A guided walk is a mobile research method in which interviews occur over the course of a walk with participants. This mobile method can enable complex connections between people, and between people and places (Sheller & Urry, 2006). In this paper, I describe a three-stage outdoor guided walk, with emphasis on recommendations to advance this method. An outdoor guided walk can encourage open and pressure free dialogue, which can be especially useful in building rapport with culturally diverse participants. Future researchers wishing to employ an outdoor guided walk must consider weather, privacy and noise, and building a balanced relationship with participants. The guided walk offers many benefits in contributing to a dynamic and context-rich research environment, and contributing to both research and participant wellness.


The surface of wood/polyethylene(PE) composites was treated by low-pressure glow discharge of air plasma to improve its adhesion properties.To explore the failure mechanism in the condition of water for the bonding joint,the ATR-FTIR and XPS were employed in the soaking experiment to investigate the effect of water on the surface properties of plasma treated wood/PE composites.The ATR-FTIR analysis results showed that the polar groups such as-OH,C-O and C=O were formed on the surface of the composites after plasma treatment.And the number of —OH,C-O and C=O groups on the surface of plasma treated wood/PE composites decreased firstly and then increased with the soaking time extended.The XPS analysis results indicated that the content of oxygen element in the composition of surface element for Wood/PE composites increased after plasma treatment.And the content of carbon element in the treated wood/PE composites surface increased firstly and then decreased and the oxygen element decreased firstly and then increased with the soaking time and the value of O/C descended firstly and then increased.The changes for the surface chemical groups and chemical elements of the plasma treated wood/PE composites would have a considerable effect on the durability of the bonding joint under water soaking.


Prior research on entrepreneurial activities and institutional frameworks has substantially advanced our understanding of how isolated institutional factors affect social entrepreneurship (SE) and ...


This study evaluates grain quality of eight rice genotypes ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivated under supplementary irrigation in 1994/95 and 1995/96 agricultural years, in Londrina, state of Parana. The investigation verified that the genotypes produced long grains whose processing resulted in a low whole grain rate in the 1994/95 agricultural crop and in a median whole grain rate in 1995/96, showing a high water absorption and volume increase capacity suitable for both in natura consumption and industrialization. Genotypes L 92-126, L 92-124 and C 6-53 showed the best grain qualitative characteristics.


This volume explores the trading and cultural links between two of the most brilliant civilizations of the ancient world, Iran and Mesopotamia, from c.3500 BC to c.1600 BC. It contains four papers, originally presented at a British Museum symposium.


Currently, ultrasonic measurement is a widely used nondestructive approach to determine wood elastic properties, including the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE). DMOE is determined based on wood density and ultrasonic wave velocity measurement. The use of wood average density to estimate DMOE introduces significant imprecision: Density varies due to intra-tree and intra-ring differences and differing silvicultural treatments. To ensure accurate DMOE assessment, we developed a prototype device to measure ultrasonic wave velocity with the same resolution as that provided by the X-ray densitometer for measuring wood density. A nondestructive method based on X-ray densitometry and the developed prototype was applied to determine radial and intra-ring wood DMOE profiles. This method provides accurate information on wood mechanical properties and their sources of variation. High-order polynomials were used to model intra-ring wood density and DMOE profiles in black spruce and jack pine wood. The transition from earlywood to latewood was defined as the inflection point. High and highly significant correlations were obtained between predicted and measured wood density and DMOE. An examination of the correlations between wood radial growth, density, and DMOE revealed close correlations between density and DMOE in rings, earlywood, and latewood


The propagation expression for the ultrashort chirped hyperbolic secant pulsed beams in free space is deduced analytically.The influence of chirp on the spatial intensity distributions of the hyperbolic secant pulsed beams is studied.The results show that,at the initial distance and the initial time the chirp has no influence on the spatial intensity distributions,but it affects the pulse front edge or back edge.When the pulsed beams propagate in free space,the chirp affects the spatial intensity distributions of the hyperbolic secant pulsed beams seriously.The spatial singularity appears as long as the chirp is enough large for the hyperbolic secant pulsed beams whose pulse duration is longer than one even few cycle optical oscillation period.The sign of the chirp also affects the spatial intensity distribution of the ultrashort hyperbolic secant pulsed beams.


The present invention relates to a salt of formula (L) below. To salts of formula (L): (L) {Wherein, Q is a -CO- group or -C (OH) - represents a group; Ring X is a group having a carbon number of 3 to 30 or a monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon group, wherein Q is -C (OH) - group, if substituted in position Q by a hydrogen atom is a hydroxyl group, or when Q is -CO- group in position Q two hydrogen atoms are substituted by = O, wherein the monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon group, the alkyl group of which one or more hydrogen atoms having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms of the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon alkyl group, a C 1 -C It may optionally be substituted with 6-hydroxy-alkyl group, a hydroxyl group or a cyano group, and; R A The invention also provides a chemically amplified resist composition containing a salt of the formula (L). Chemically amplified resist composition, an acid generator, the resolution, the pattern profile


Postpartum hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a well-documented rare complication after pregnancy with various triggering factors. We present the case of a 22-year-old Saudi female admitted in labor at 39 weeks of gestation with mild preeclampsia and a probable intrauterine fetal death. The patient underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery and was found to have abruptio placenta. Within 48 hours, she developed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Plasma exchange using fresh frozen plasma was initiated immediately, and she recovered completely after 11 sessions[Author4]. This manuscript describes the details of this case in addition to a literature review of the reported cases of postpartum HUS.


Abstract : With the ever increasing rise in regional conflicts and micro wars, Operation Urgent Fury may exemplify the types of short notice contingency operations we may be faced with in the future. To facilitate success in these potential conflicts, American military commanders must understand the critical elements of operational art and design. This monograph examines operational art theory and doctrine as derived from both classical and contemporary theorists, and compares that doctrine with the planning and execution of Operation Urgent Fury. An analysis of the theoretical and doctrinal constructs revealed three common elements conducive to the application of operational art. First, the strategic and subsequent operational objectives must be clearly articulated and understood. Second, the campaign or major operation must be properly sequenced and sufficiently resourced to attain the objectives. Last the six operational functions of command and control, intelligence, movement and maneuver, fires, support, and protection should be integrated into the planning and execution process.


In developing countries, the demand for food has increased with significant increases in population. Greater demands are therefore being placed on the agricultural sector to increase production. This has led to increased soil erosion, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to simulate runoff and erosion on soils of three different wheat agroecosystems (rainfed farming, traditional irrigation, and industrial irrigation systems). The effect of variations in soil texture, slopes (1, 3 and 5%) and rainfall intensity (10, 25 and 40 mm h−1) on runoff volume, runoff coefficient, sediment concentrations, and sediment loss (soil erosion) were recorded for soils from each management system. Soil chemical properties (pH, EC) and organic matter were not significantly related to soil erosion. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in soil erosion and runoff coefficients when slopes were increased from 1 to 5 percent. The highest soil erosion was recorded on a slope of 5% with a rainfall intensity of 40 mm h−1, and the lowest on a slope of 1% with a rainfall intensity of 10 mm h−1. Of the three management systems, the highest runoff volume, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion occurred on soils from the traditional irrigation treatment, with a soil texture of sandy loam, slopes of 5% and rainfall intensity of 40 mm h−1. Results of the study indicated that the influence of slope and rainfall intensity on runoff volume, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion varies with soil texture and agroecosystem. These results can be usefully applied to agricultural land use planning and water management systems for reducing soil erosion at regional and on-farm levels.


Abstract An incomplete information game is defined by a probability distributionμover a type space and payoff functionsu. Probability distributionμ′ isstrategically closetoμif, for any bounded payoff functionsuand any equilibrium of the game (μ, u), there exists an approximate equilibrium of the game (μ′, u) under which all players get approximately the same payoffs. This note shows that two probability distributions are strategically close if and only if (1) they assign similar ex ante probability to all events; and (2) with high ex ante probability, it is approximate common knowledge that they assign similarconditionalprobabilities to all events.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C72, D82.


Sedimentologic and mineralogic characteristics of 168 surface sediments are studied in order to evaluate economic deposits off Biin Bay, west coast of Korea. Bathymetry map shows that the seafloor is monotonous except for irregular rocky bottom. The bottom sediments are classified into five types following Folk's scheme (1968); sand, slightly gravelly sand, slightly gravelly muddy sand, muddy sand and silty sand. Most sediments (av. : 3.36o) are composed of fine sands and are well-sorted (av. : 0.80o). Average heavy mineral contents are 1.69% with mean contents of monazite and zircon of 0.50% and 2.25%, respectively. These two heavy minerals are calculated from rare earth elements data. Average heavy mineral contents of study area are lower than those of other areas in Yellow sea and Keum estuary. Low concentration of heavy minerals and fine sandy sediments indicate that this study area has been effected by low energy of tidal current and wave action. Fine sandy sediments may be transported from offshore. Economic value of placer is considered to be low in this study area.


At present,the development of low-carbon economy in Hunan has many limitations.For example,the environment system creativity exists limitation;the understanding of low-carbon economy exists limitation;enterprise has not yet in the role of the main technology upgrades;enterprise has not set up the independent innovation system and the intellectual property protection system are not clear and so on.In order to develop the low-carbon economy in Hunan province,we should set up a series of arrangement system that is more practical and operational under the background of the Two-oriented Society.


"Evidence" is the key to the success of all efforts at service marketing. What is evidence? How is it provided? What are the advantages of different kinds of evidence that can be supplied for a service that is being marketed? These and other key issues are treated in the article.


Three operating parameters (pressure, temperature and extraction time) of the supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from rapeseed have been optimized by response surface methodology to obtain high yield of oil. Results showed that data were adequately fitted into the second-order polynomial model. The linear and quadratics terms of independent variables of temperature, pressure and extraction time had a significant effect on the oil yield. Optimal conditions for oil yield within the experimental range of the variables studied were at 296.97 bar, 52.14 °C and 3.36 h, and oil yield was predicted to be 28.27 %. Additionally, mass transfer model was used to describe the extraction kinetic curves of rapeseed oil and very good agreement was found between observed and predicted values. The fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil extracted by supercritical CO2 at optimal operating parameters and that of n-hexane extraction derived oil were analyzed by gas chromatography. Fatty acid composition of the oil obtained with supercritical CO2 at optimal conditions was similar to that of n-hexane-extracted oil with unsaturated fatty acid making up 92.9 % of fatty acids.


This report has been submitted to the School of Public Health in the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of the Witwatersrand. The report is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Health in the field of Social Behaviour Change and Communication (MPH).
Date: 19 June 2017


In this article we have said about theories of modernization and catching up development. Such analysis allows to substantiate poinless its as base for modern development of Russia economy.


The invention provides an electroplating solution for non-cyanide silver electrodeposition, and an electroplating method. The electroplating solution for non-cyanide silver electrodeposition comprises 80-100 g/L of silver nitrate, 20-30 g/L of stannous monosulphate, 42-60 g/L of niacinamide, 60-80 g/L of sodium thiosulfate, 30-46 g/L of sodium pyrosulfite, 0.2-0.5 g/L of thiosemicarbazide, and 0.1-0.5 g/L of polyethyleneglycol. The electroplating solution for non-cyanide silver electrodeposition is excellent in stability and dispersity, free of toxic substances, safe and environmental-friendly; through the adoption of the electroplating method, a cladding is smooth and compact in surface, excellent in discoloration resistance and corrosion resistance, and favorable in binding force with a base body, and application requirements in various fields such as decorative plating and functional electroplating can be met.


A meta-synthesis approach was used to identify, synthesize, and categorize appropriately factors in the literature that contribute to design documentation quality. The categories include factors on quality attributes, quality indicators, and quality-influencing factors. Findings indicate that the quality of design documentation in practice is unsatisfactory, therefore, there is a need for collaboration between the owner, designers, and end-users to improve design documentation quality. The results offer pragmatic data on design documentation quality in the construction industry between the years 1992 and 2019. However, further research on the significant impacts of poor-quality design documentation on construction projects is recommended.


Despite the increase in laser therapy, concern remains that sublethal treatment of pre‐malignant lesions may adversely affect the biological behaviour of surviving cells. Integrin receptors mediate interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix and their occupation leads to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. Using our previously established model we have now investigated subcellular changes and compared integrin and FAK concentrations, the degree of FAK phosphorylation and its association with the β1 integrin in laser vs. non‐laser treated cells. We treated cells with laser generated from a frequency doubled Q‐switched (Nd:YAG) laser system (532 nm) at 0.4 J/cm2 twice per week for 4 weeks. Using cell lysates we performed Western immunoblotting 24 hr later to detect integrin subunits and FAK proteins and immunoprecipitation to investigate FAK phosphorylation and its association with β1. Cell morphology was examined using electron microscopy. SK23 and G361 cells exhibited an 3.4‐ and 11.2‐fold increase, respectively, in FAK protein following laser treatment. FAK phosphorylation in SK23 cells was increased by 82%, whereas FAK phosphorylation in G361 cells was reduced slightly (2%). Furthermore, both α3 and 4 integrins were up‐regulated, by approximately 4‐fold and 7‐ to 9‐fold, respectively. In addition, the β1 integrin was proteolysed in both cell lines and the levels of FAK associated with β1 was increased (2.1‐ and 2.7‐fold, respectively). Finally, laser treatment of SK23 cells caused an increased number of cell processes. Sublethal 532 nm laser light thus induces changes in integrin and FAK concentrations and subsequently influences cellular attachment and morphology. Int. J. Cancer 82:353–358, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


One of the serious intra-abdominal complications after surgery is intestinal obstruction of adhesion origin (IOAO). Mortality during postoperative intestinal obstruction is 16.2–52.5 %. Aim of the study – laparoscopic diagnosis of IOAO in the early postoperative period and optimization of adhesiolysis.Material and methods. In the early postoperative period 70 patients with IOAO of upper gastrointestinal tract were examined and treated; laparoscopic operation was performed to 46 patients (the main group), an open method (laparotomy) – to 24 patients (the control group).Results and discussion. It was revealed that upper-middle and lower-middle incision laparotomies are more likely to cause intestinal obstruction. The sensitivity of preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of movable visceroparietal adhesions of small intestinal loops is 94.6 %, and the sensitivity of laparoscopic diagnosis is 99.2 %. When using minimally invasive technology, the frequency of intraoperative (4 (8.7 %) and 8 (33.3 %), respectively, p < 0.05) and postoperative complications (5 (10.9 %) and 13 (54.1 %), p < 0.05), mortality (0 and 4 (16.6 %), p < 0.05) and length of stay in hospital (5.7 (3–8) and 14.3 (10–17) days, p < 0,05) was less compared to laparotomy.Conclusions. Using of laparoscopic adhesiolysis and anti-adhesion barrier is appropriate in patients with I-II grade adhesion process. In cases where technical difficulties arise during laparoscopic adhesiolysis, it is more pathogenetically justified to separate adhesions by passing through a mini-laparotomy incision. If this is not possible, it is advisable to perform complex anti-adhesion measures, including conversion to laparotomy and systemic enzymotherapy after adhesiolysis.


which are used in municipal land use planning as factors for "Yochi Bunkyuu" (classification of tracts of land on the basis of function), are estimated with Landsat MSS data and existing map information (average elevation, average gradient, slope direction, and distance from main road). Using the gathered samples of both the areal ratio data (as objective variables) and the Landsat data, etc. (as explanatory variables), the above method and the multiple regression method are checked. The results of the calculation are discussed and considered mainly based on the following four points. 1 ) Appreciation of the method applying the canonical correlation analysis. 2 ) The non-uniform difficulty of estimating respective ratios. 3 ) The different contributions of explanatory variables. 4 ) The behavior of two temporal Landsat data sets. The case study quantitatively shows that the explanatory information pre pared is not sufficient for the estimation, and a model estimating areal ratio can not be built. However, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed because this model can be built if any one ratio can be given exogenously. Moreover, despite the difficulty of estimating the ratio of land use for the categories set up, the method showed results compatible to the multiple regres sion method, and therefore can also be used analytically.


Literature on school reform tends to concentrate on the initiation and implementation of reform. This work seeks to provide change agents, policy makers, and students of educational change with advice on the sustaining of change and the scaling up of change to more systemic reform.


without consulting the people of Guinea. As of the present moment China's friends in Guinea, Mali and the Congo (B) appear to be reasonably secure in their saddles. But then so was President Nkrumah right up to the morning of the coup. Yet suddenly the incredulous Chinese found themselves packing their bags and leaving this focus of revolution in Africa. Further, the attitude of the present friends may also be affected by China's decision with regard to the new regime in Ghana. If Nkrumah can be abandoned, they too can be dispensed with for the sake of Chinese interests. Coming so soon after the hasty scuttling of Ben Bella in favour of Boumedienne, such a move will hardly inspire confidence in Chinese friendship. The coup d'Etat in Ghzna was a shatter-


Purpose: To determine if large caliber accessory veins are associated with radial-cephalic arteriovenous fistula (RC-AVF) non-maturation. Methods: RC-AVFs were created in 15 consecutive patients (radial artery and cephalic vein diameter >2 mm, in the absence of arterial inflow or venous outflow stenoses or occlusions). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) was performed preoperatively for the determination of vessel diameters, stenoses and occlusions. The location and caliber of accessory veins was determined. Vascular access (VA) function was monitored and all interventions required to obtain a functioning VA were recorded. Non-maturation was defined as a nonfunctional VA at 2 months after creation. The predictive value of accessory vein caliber for prediction of RC-AVF non-maturation was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Non-maturation occurred in 10 (67%) out of 15 RC-AVFs. Large caliber accessory veins (n=4), venous stenosis (n=3) or both (n=2) were associated with RC-AVF non-maturation. The presence of large caliber accessory veins was the only significant predictor for RC-AVF non-maturation (p=0.01). Preoperatively detected accessory veins with a diameter >70% of the cephalic vein diameter, had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 80, 100, 100 and 91% for prediction of RC-AVF non-maturation on patient level. Accessory vein ligation and dilatation of venous stenosis resulted in an overall salvage success rate