ECG signal is a biomedical signal that gives information about the electrical activities of the heart. ECG signal is corrupted by different noises of high frequencies and low frequencies and that may lead wrong interpretations, therefore in this study different noises like power line interference, channel noise, baseline wander, Electromyogram (EMG) Noise, electrode contact noise, and motion artifacts are analyzed. This paper also focuses on certain techniques for denoising of ECG signal. Keywords- Electrocardiogram (ECG), Denoising techniques, Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), DWT, Filtering Techniques, Filtered Residue method, Signal to Error Ratio (SER), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). I. INTRODUCTION The ECG records the electrical activity of the heart, where each heart beat is displayed as a series of electrical waves. ECG signal conveys information about structure and function of heart. Normally, the frequency range of an ECG signal is of 0.05-100 Hz and its dynamic range of 1-10 mV. The ECG signal is characterized by five peaks and valleys labelled by the letters P, Q, R, S, T. There is a U wave in ECG signal which is having a very low amplitude or even more often is absent. Mainly an ECG tracing is a repeating cycle of three electrical entities: a P wave ( atrial depolarization), a QRS complex (ventricular depolarization) and a T wave (ventricular repolarization).


The invention relates to a decentralizing device for a speed reducer in the technical field of mechanical transmission. The decentralizing device comprises a shaft, eccentric bushes, a flat key and a roller bearing, wherein the body of the shaft is connected with two eccentric bushes with a phase difference of 180 degrees through the flat key, one end of the shaft is provided with a longitudinal spline groove connected with an input mechanism spur gear, and the nailed eccentric bush is connected with a cycloidal gear through the roller bearing. The decentralizing device can effectively guarantee accurate decentralizing movements of the cycloidal gear in a less differential gear cycloidal pin wheel speed reducer, and simultaneously guarantees accuracy when the cycloidal gear is meshed with a pinwheel.


Soils provision with the heavy metals total forms in the 13 areas of Tyva Republic is researched in the article. It is determined that excess of maximum concentration limit for cadmium is fixed on 2,0 thousand hectare, for nickel on 2,4 thousand hectare, for zinc on 2,7 thousand hectare and for lead on 225,0 thousand hectare.


This chapter discusses the Hebrew panegyric corpus as a recognized, yet under-appreciated, resource for studying Jewish culture in the medieval Mediterranean. It considers the anathema to the tastes of scholars of Jewish literature and ungenerous source for scholars of Jewish history. It also describes Hebrew panegyrics that have largely been discounted as mere sycophantic dedications which occasionally yield titbits of factual data. The chapter looks at surviving Hebrew panegyrics that illuminate medieval Mediterranean Jews' most essential notions of group cohesion, human virtue, leadership, and politics. It includes Hebrew panegyrics that were composed for men who held transregional positions of power for their appointees and supporters in satellite communities.


ZnO and Co(OH)2 are significant functional materials that have been attracting immense interest in recent years because of their great potential application in various fields. Here, we developed a one-pot synthetic method to combine two materials into ZnO@α-Co(OH)2 core–shell hierarchical microspheres (CSHMSs) via the epitaxial growth of α-Co(OH)2 nanosheets on ZnO twin-hemispheres for the first time. By varying the volume ratio of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to ethanol, uniform and well-defined CSHMSs were prepared. Additionally, the appropriate amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with certain molecular weight and the synergistic effect of different anions of precursors were found to be crucial to the formation of ZnO@α-Co(OH)2 CSHMSs. Compared with the bare ZnO twin-hemispheres, these CSHMSs indicated enhanced electrochemical activity, including high reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability, and rate performance, when examined as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. The remarkable electrochemical ...


Objectives: The purpose of this work was to test if work organizational characteristics (WOC) reported by managers were related to psychological distress (PD) reported by call-handlers, taking into account the call-handlers' perception of work conditions (psychosocial factors - PSF) and usual individual confounders. If so, is there an effect mediated by PSF or a direct effect of WOC on PD? In case of mediation, which PSF were involved? Methodology : Managers of 105 call-centers were queried by occupational physicians on their call-centers' WOC. Moreover, 2,929 call-handlers (only women were considered here) working in these call-centers completed self-reported questionnaires in order to evaluate several PSF including Karasek and Siegrist factors and PD defined by the 12-items General Health Questionnaire score ( Chouaniere, Boini, & Colin, 2011 ). A 2-level analysis tested the relationships between 14 WOC ( Boini, Chouaniere, Colin, & Wild, 2013 ) and PD score using 2 embedded models, the first one without PSF and the second one with PSF as confounders, assuming that unchanged coefficients between WOC and PD scores in the two models flag a direct effect of WOC on psychological distress. The mediated proportion was estimated using multiple mixed models testing respectively (1) the link between WOC and PD, (2) the link between WOC and PSF and (3) the link between WOC, PSF and PD ( Baron & Kenny, 1986 ). Results : Four of 14 WOC were significantly related to the PD score: type of calls (inbound/outbound or both), fixed breaks (yes/no), role required of supervisor to control call-handlers (the higher the score, the more the control required) and displaying on screen three or more parameters related to waiting clients or activity (yes/no). In adding PSF, the relationship only remained for the type of calls suggesting a direct effect of it. For the others WOC, the proportion of PSF mediation varied from 65 to 95%. Job control did not participate at all to the mediation. The effect of fixed breaks was mainly mediated by reward (34%) and over-commitment (30%). The effect of the role required of supervisor to control call-handlers was mostly mediated by over-commitment (62%). Finally, the effect of displaying on screen three or more parameters related to waiting clients or activity was mediated by over-commitment (22%), reward (20%) and psychological demand (17%). Conclusion : Main results of this study were (1) existence of relationships between WOC reported by managers and psychological distress reported by call-handlers (2) most of the effects of WOC were mediated by the perception of working conditions, in particular by the Siegrist dimensions. These results could help prevention programs: the factors impairing directly health (as type of calls) or the recurrent presence of psychosocial factors (as over-commitment or reward) have to be considered as priorities.


Based on the panel data of sixty-seven counties in Fujian Province from 2005 to 2011, this paper analyzed its dynamic measurement and spatial difference of urbanization efficiency, by using Data Envelopment Analysis method and Malmquist index. It draws some conclusions as follows: firstly, urbanization efficiency is decreasing for most counties in Fujian Province, due to the ineffective technology change; then, the spatial patterns of urbanization comprehensive efficiency are great different. Its frequency distribution has positive skewness features, and it has a bigger proportion of counties with lower urbanization efficiency. High urbanization efficiency of rich level and poor level coexist. Most counties are mainly based on scale growth without technical improvement.


Introduction: The fight against labour exploitation has received increasing attention globally, and has largely focused on migrant workers or sectors where they are mostly employed. In the United Kingdom (UK), for instance, labour exploitation is covered by the Modern Slavery and Immigration Acts, thereby connecting exploitation and migration. In public health, the lack of a common understanding of what exactly constitutes labour exploitation for migrant workers has limited the study of its impacts on migrant workers' health, and hindered the generation of evidence to inform policies and provide appropriate healthcare to address exploited migrant workers' needs. Aim: This thesis aims to clarify the concept of labour exploitation focusing on migrants working in manual low-skilled jobs, by providing a structured conceptual framework using professional experts' and migrant workers' voices. It builds on the growing conceptualisation of labour exploitation as a continuum "between decent work and forced labour" (1). Methods: The main method used was Concept Mapping (CM). It was undertaken with two groups: 1) multidisciplinary professional experts; and 2) Latin American migrant workers in London (LAWs). A critical analysis and synthesis compared and combined both groups' perspectives. Interviews with LAWs and key informants working with them were also used to prepare for the CM with LAWs and explore the issue of migrant workers' exploitation in the UK context. Key findings: The expert CM generated the main structured conceptual framework, which revealed four main dimensions of labour exploitation: 'Shelter and personal security', 'Finance and migration', 'Health and safety', and 'Social and legal protection'. The CM with LAW displayed three main dimensions: 'Poor employment conditions and lack of protection', 'Health and safety and psychosocial hazards' and 'Disposability and abuse of power' (or 'Dehumanisation'). The adaptation of the expert skeleton map using LAW's voices integrated the new dimension of 'Dehumanisation' and structural forms of coercion. Furthermore, the analysis of the interviews led to identifying an ecosocial model of labour exploitation, revealing micro (e.g. workplace) and macro (e.g. national) levels of labour exploitation. Conclusion: This thesis posits labour exploitation as a social determinant of migrant workers' health, and clarifies its content based on professional experts' and migrant workers' inputs. The conceptual framework offers an operational tool that could support the development of a common body of evidence about the impact of labour exploitation on migrant workers' health.


A method of installing a bunded pipe system for transfer of hazardous fluids comprises providing one or more fittings for terminating or splitting pipes in a bunded steel pipe run, each said fitting comprising an inner tubular steel member for joining to an end of the inner steel pipe of a bunded pipe and an outer tubular steel member at least partially surrounding the inner tubular member and spaced therefrom for joining to the outer steel pipe of the bunded pipe, each end of the inner tubular steel member of the fitting extending beyond the corresponding end of the outer tubular steel member; joining the inner tubular steel member to the inner tubular pipe of a bunded pipe; and joining the outer tubular steel member to the outer pipe of the bunded pipe. The inner and outer tubular steel members are joined respectively to the inner and outer bunded pipes in situ by inserting an end portion of each pipe into an end portion of each tubular steel member, or vice versa, to provide a male-female coupling and applying pressure at a plurality of points around the female coupling where it overlaps with the male coupling to compress the female coupling against the male coupling to form a crimped seal therebetween.


In this paper,the influence of the modern management ideas to the quality of the teaching is analyzed and the article emphasizes take people as the foremost,actualizes the education with respect.It also discusses that high level teaching management ensures the development of the institutions of higher learning and the enhancement of the teaching quality.It must build up the modern management idea;persist in comprehensive,coordinated,sustainable science development view;strengthen quality consciousness and inaugurate ideology to adapt to the demand of new situation and ensure the quality of teaching in the college teaching.


Progressive collapse of building structures typically occurs when an abnormal loading condition causes a sudden loss in the structural capacity of one or more critical members, which leads to a chain reaction of failure and ultimately a catastrophic collapse. It is well accepted that in order to prevent the progressive collapse of beams or slabs, the establishment of catenary action mechanism is crucial to attain adequate post-collapse resistance. Experimental, numerical and analytical studies have been conducted to investigate the catenary behavior of the precast concrete slab system following the removal of their intermediate wall supports. Results also reveal that for the ties designed with inadequate embedment length, the slip and the resulting large deflection will effectively trigger the catenary action. However, the full bond will limit the development of deflection and lead to the fracture of tie bars before the catenary action is trigged. An improved TF model using numerical analyses was proposed to design the floor-to-floor joint against the progressive collapse in precast cross wall structures, which shown a close agreement with the DoD 2013 regulations.


Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that is claimed to be an ingredient added to food and beverage products such as cheese and milk. However, due to its unstable nature, it causes vitamin D3 to be degraded in the product. Niosomes are a vesicle drug delivery system formed by nonionic surfactants and cholesterol that can protect both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds by entrapping them in their vesicle system. Span 60 is the surfactant most often used to form niosomes and cholesterol because it is known to have a higher entrapment ability than other nonionic surfactants. Using Design-Expert version 10 with the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) model, eight formulas with varying concentrations of Span 60 cholesterol were obtained. SLD analysis results showed a negative interaction (interaction coefficient -301.35) between Span 60 cholesterol on particle size so that the Span 60 Cholesterol mixture reduced the size of niosome particles. However, cholesterol has a more significant positive effect (coefficient value + 279.45) on niosome particle size than Span 60 (coefficient value + 243.20), which means a formula with a higher amount of cholesterol causes a larger particle size. Contrary to zeta potential, Span 60 shows a more significant negative effect (coefficient value -47.54) than cholesterol (coefficient value-29.25), which means, Formula with a higher number of Span 60 causes the zeta potential to be more negative.


The invention provides a preparation method of a lithium ion battery cathode material, which comprises the following steps of: 1, uniformly mixing a lithium source compound with a titanium source compound according to a proportion by adopting a bead mill method; 2, drying the mixture and then carrying out high-temperature processing to obtain a precursor material; 3, spraying the precursor material for drying to obtain a spherical material; and 4, carrying out high-temperature processing on the spherical material to obtain a spinel type lithium titanate material. The invention also discloses a lithium ion battery cathode material. The lithium ion battery cathode material prepared by adopting the preparation method provided by the invention is higher in tap density.


Using RSR and video observation evaluation analyzed the offense-and-defense strength of 12teams in WCBA 2012—2013season,especially contrastive analyzed the top 4teams.Results shows that:offense-and-defense RSR of Shanxi and Beijing was 0.88,belongs to A level;Zhejiang was 0.79of B level;the other teams of Shanghai,Guangdong and Ba-Yi between 0.58to 0.79,belongs to C level;Liaoning was 0.38,Heilongjiang was 0.29,Yunnan was 0.25,these teams was D level.The index of rank and offense-and-defense RSR of this season teams r=0.681(P0.05),both presented significant correlation.For the attack ability of top 4teams,Zhejiang was outstanding,expect the rate of 3-point-shoot,other attack indexes of 4teams have significant difference;for the defense ability,Beijing was prominent,4teams have significant difference.


Use of High Volumes of Fly Ash in concrete is gaining significance and is considered as a sustainable option for many concrete constructions. Experimental results show that, HVFAC has lower strength at early ages but at later age HVFAC shows continuous increase in strength properties. Significantly both the crack width and drying shrinkage reduce and thus contribute to the long term durability of concrete. HVFA Concrete exhibits comparable costs, increased strengths and enhanced durability. Thus, the HVFA concrete is more suitable for warm weathers and where early strength is not essential. This paper reviews the durability and strength properties of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete.


Using reading strategies plays an important role in college English teaching.This paper analyzes by questionnaire the actual use of reading strategies among students and discusses the ways of improving reading strategies in the teaching of college English reading.


Financial distress prediction is one of the core areas of finance, quite rich in theoretical and empirical work. This study particularly focuses on analyzing the applicability of Zmijewski (1984) financial distress prediction model. The study is carried out on manufacturing sector of Pakistan for the period July 2003 to June 2010 sampled from all sectors listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. The study shows that Probit model performs well in predicting financially distressed and non- distressed firms with an overall accuracy rate of 29.3%, 45.8% and 73.8% on the basis of Shareholder's Equity, Net Income and Cash Flows respectively. The findings of the study illustrate that traditional Zmijewski model is useful for the Pakistani equity market and shows higher predictability by using cash flow ratio proxy of financial distress. This model can be used by company management for financing decisions, by regulatory authorities and by portfolio managers in stock selection.


This guide serves an overview of library resources and services available to MCU graduate students. How to find online publications (journals, magazines, newspapers) available through Marymount Library


In the aftermath of the Gujarat Earthquake, January 26, 2001, several Indian and Japanese organizations joined together in a rehabilitation initiative to produce a model village, with specific focus on upgrading community's living conditions and emphasis on livelihood issues. The initiative was based on the needs and priorities of the community. The cooperation scheme involved different stakeholders from government, non-government, and academic institutions. A mechanism for turning knowledge into practice has been developed, which is regarded as an example of implementation technology. The lessons learned from the implementation of this initiative are applicable to other parts of the world and other types of disasters.


Laboratory detection of spontaneous growth of colony‐forming unit‐megacaryocytes (CFU‐MK), allowing us to distinguish essential thrombocythemia (ET) from reactive thrombocytosis, is therefore useful for the diagnostic of this myeloproliferative disorder. Whether CFU‐MK assays allow us to discriminate at least partly between ET and other myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera (PV) remains, however, to be established. To gain insights about this point, we have performed CFU‐MK cultures from bone marrow cells of patients diagnosed with ET (n = 42) or PV (n = 50) using a standardized collagen‐based serum‐free method. Spontaneous growth of CFU‐MK was similarly detected in both 40/42 patients with ET and 47/50 patients with PV. These data suggest clearly that the CFU‐MK assay is useful to detect not only ET, but also PV, but fails to discriminate, even partly, between these two myeloproliferative disorders. Am. J. Hematol. 81:554–556, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Integration between Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used in many application to build a support system to overcome any problem. Indonesia as an agriculture country which needs that technology to solve agriculture problem such as land monitoring, water treatment, etc. Precision farming based on WSN and IoT is described in detail especially in multi-node sensor configuration and the master station. In this research, the WSN system consists of the multi-node sensor which contains several sensors for each node, a controller and wireless module. A master station is built with raspberry pi 3 (RPi3) as the main computer. All data from node sensor will be displayed to a graphical user interface (GUI) and saving data into internal databases. Communication between the master station and each node sensor through a wireless network based on X-bee board. The software operated in closed loop control to activate water treatment based threshold value from the sensor. The sensor data also displayed in server station based on the website and can be accessed in everywhere through an internet connection. A farmer can monitor updated sensor data using android application where installed in an android mobile phone.


By the use of declarative rules, automation of tasks can be performed through an electronic personal information management (PIM) application. Rules can be used in a variety of different scenarios, for instance to trigger information retrieval tasks or to send out notifications when a pre-determined set of conditions are satisfied. The technology described is an integral part of the IBM Tempus Fugit [1] research project.


This article compared data on 200 patients at a large urban hospital on a number of demographic variables to distinguish clients who initiated an advance directive from those who declined. To better understand why some respondents refused, a telephone survey was conducted. As a result of the survey, an educational intervention was initiated in the walk-in clinic area. A social work student provided informatton and assisted with the completion of the forms. An ambulatory care setting was chosen assuming that, when patients are less ill, they may be better able to absorb the information on advance directives. As a result of the educational intervention, 66% of the respondents approached initiated an advance directive. Those that declined were called 2 weeks later, and 80% gave responses indicating they were making an informed decision. The findings clearly demonstrate that an educational intervention increases the percentage of individuals who initiate an advance directive.


Reactive particles consisting of nickel and aluminum represent an adaptable heat source for joining applications, since each individual particle is capable of undergoing a self-sustaining exothermic reaction. Of particular interest are particles with intrinsic lamellar microstructures, as they provide large contact areas between the reactants nickel and aluminum. In this work, the exothermic reaction as well as the microstructure of such lamellar reactive particles produced by high energy planetary ball milling were investigated. Based on statistically designed experiments regarding the milling parameters, the heat of reaction was examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A statistical model was derived from the results to predict the heat of reaction as a function of the milling parameters used. This model can be applied to adjust the heat of reaction of the reactive particles depending on the thermal properties of the joining partners. The fabricated microstructures were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Through the development of a dedicated SEM image evaluation algorithm, a computational quantification of the contact area between nickel and aluminum was enabled for the first time. A weak correlation between the contact area and the heat of reaction could be demonstrated. It is assumed that the quantification of the contact areas can be further improved by a higher number of SEM images per sample. The findings obtained provide an essential contribution to enable reactive particles as a tailored heat source for joining applications.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the requirements for sizes of a valve by providing a valve housing closure which is engaged with a spring energizing an armature and which is positioned at the spring so that it regulates the responsiveness of valve fluid pressure to a solenoid coil current. SOLUTION: The inner circumference of a plate spring 24 is mounted on an end 22a of the rear outermost part of an armature 22 by means of semi-hard brass plate retaining member 25 and semi-hard brass magnet retainer 27, and the armature 22 is suspended inside a bobbin 18 so as to move longitudinally in the axial direction freely. The outer circumference of the plate spring 24 is set between an end flange 18h enlarged in the radial direction of the coil bobbin 18 and a valve closure made of aluminium alloy. The parmanent magnet armature 22 is arranged in a solinoid coil 16 so that a coil spring 42 positions the armature 22 and is composed of a cylindrical parmanent magnet having a reduced length ending at the axial end 22a of the flat outermost part.


Short story writing in Australia has reached a cross-road, a crisis of development and it remains to be seen what shape it takes in the future. Presently short stories are to be found only in a few quarterlies. An overview of the short stories of Australia is given. Review(s) of: A Sunday Kind of Love, by Alan Davies (Cheshire). Review(s) of: A Bohemian Affair, by Ray Mathew (Angus and Robertson). Review(s) of: Coast to Coast, 1959-1960, selected by Cecil Hadgraft (Angus and Robertson). Review(s) of: Australian Stories of Today, edited by Charles Osborne (Faber and Faber).


The nature—culture divide of the Western biomedical and feminist models of the menopausal woman is challenged by the presentation of the results of various anthropological studies of the menopausal transition. Perspectives on women's ageing bodies may differ across cultures. In individual narratives culturally dominant perspectives on women's ageing bodies may be either reproduced or challenged. Variation in the social position of women is but one of the factors to explain inter- and intracultural differences in the symptomatology and experience of the menopause, and the meaning given to this life-cycle transition. Other factors to be considered in the study of the menopause cross-culturally are psychological factors, genetics, the entire reproductive history including pregnancy and lactation, patterns of menstrual fluctuation throughout a life-cycle, level of physical activity, diet and physical environment. Based on the knowledge currently available no clear conclusions can be drawn with respect to the ...


Yan Geling's literary works provide a new perspective to look at modern Chinese history,demonstrating the cultural conflicts between and integration of the Western and Eastern cultures.This paper expounds his unique "post-revolutionary Narration" features in his literary works in terms of hunger,collective,hero and love.


It is a particularly difficult for acquiring firms to integrate with unfamiliar foreign targets to attain new value, although international acquisitions are increasingly popular and important. We propose that the home country collectivism of acquiring firms is enabled in the context of international acquisitions to exert a strong influence on the perception of acquired targets as interdependent collective units, which may facilitate post-acquisition integration and value creation. Furthermore, we examine three major contextual factors iV macro-institutional environments (home country free market capitalism), micro-acquisition environments (acquisition waves) and acquirer tactics (mode of financing) iV that may strengthen or suppress the value of collective behavior to international acquisition performance. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of international acquisitions of US firms in the information technology industry between 1995 and 2003. The results provide strong support for our theory.


This essay aims to study the movements of consumption acts that, over time, have promoted marked social and cultural changes that, by extension, have provoked conflicts and dilemmas in ethical values and conceptual, structural and political changes in the ways in which the organizations conduct their business. The relationships between the concepts of society, ethics and business were based on the patterns of consumption in contemporary times.
Studying consumer's behaviors in contemporary hypertextual environments was also one of the challenges of this research. A new public space emerges. A scenario that poses new challenges to the global economy emerges. It was from the recognition of the technological advances, that the globalization and the popularization of the digital networks that the corpus of this work was constructed.


The article defines and proves the major financial and economical preconditions for the effective clusters' formation and functioning in Volyn' region. Based on the statistical data of the socio-economic development of Volyn' in 2012, a comprehensive analysis was made in order to determine the level of the region's readiness for the clusters' implementation process.


The article analyzes the history of formation and development of agricultural research work – a component of the culture of agronomy, which was considered the basis of the agriculture. Despite the organizational and financial difficulties, the research work had developed. The flourishing of research in Ukraine fell on 20-30's of the 20th century. At this time in the agrarian science of Ukraine there were the significant scientific and organizational changes, as a result of which the priorities in the tasks of research institutions changed and practice began to dominate over theoretical developments. In the conditions of agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR, successful control of the pests and plant diseases was the key to ensuring a good harvest. But the struggle without knowledge of the conditions of development of the pests or pathogens of the plant diseases, was a measure only of a palliative nature. The correct and expedient control of the plant diseases required knowledge of the course of development of the disease, the time of its occurrence, the prevalence and harmfulness and many other aspects of biological and economic nature.


In 1968, World Mining published its first multilingual mining glossary--the International Glossary of Technical Terms. Since then the need for a revised and expanded work has become apparent; in particular, users have expressed a need for a glossary incorporating alphabetized, cross-referenced lists in all five languages (English, Swedish, German, French, Spanish) to facilitate translation to and from each language. Furthermore, it was decided to double, approximately, the 5,500 terms of the first volume. The glossary uses the letter-by-letter system of alphabetizing in which work breaks and punctuation are disregarded. Additionally, hypens are ignored; abbreviations are alphabetized as they appear, not as if they were spelled out; phrases are alphabetized as they appear, not by inverting to put an arbitrary key work first; numbers are spelled out.


Abstract By adopting the first principle method based on density functional theory framework, the geometric structure, electronic structure and optical properties of BiOBr were studied by generalized gradient approximate. Theoretical calculation results have shown that BiOBr is an indirect wide-band gap semiconductor material with a band gap width of 2.19 ev. The analyses of state density and atomic charge arrangement number have shown that the valence band top of BiOBr is mainly contributed by 4p orbitals of O 2p and Br 4p, while the lowest conduction band is mainly formed by Bi 6p orbital. In addition, the charge density has revealed that BiOBr is a hybrid bond semiconductor with strong covalent and weak ionic properties, and has a strong p orbital distribution. The calculation results of optical properties have shown that two obvious dielectric peaks appear in the energy range of 0-15 eV, and the absorption band edge is 448 nm, which is consistent with the experimental results. The above outcomes have the theoretical guiding significance for exploring the potential applications of BiOBr materials, and provide theoretical basis for us to accurately monitor and control the growth of BiOBr materials.


The invention relates to a panorama auxiliary shooting system, which is characterized by being provided with a housing (7), a micro-electromechanical sensor (1), a main control circuit (2), a wired controller (5), a liquid crystal display (3), a shutter release cable (6) and a power supply (4), wherein an installation space is defined in the housing (7), and a connecting structure matched with a camera is arranged on the housing; the micro-electromechanical sensor (1) is used for sensing shooting attitude data; the main control circuit (2) is used for calculating the quantity of small photos constituting the breadth of an expected panoramic photo and corresponding shooting attitude data of small photos and is used for controlling shooting actions according to the shooting attitude data; the wired controller (5) is used for interacting with the main control circuit (2); the liquid crystal display (3) is used for displaying auxiliary shooting information; the shutter release cable (6) is used for controlling a corresponding shutter of the camera; and the micro-electromechanical sensor (1), the main control circuit (2), the liquid crystal display (3), the power supply (4), the wired controller (5) and the shutter release cable (6) are correspondingly electrically connected and are configured in the installation space of the housing (7). The panorama auxiliary shooting system provided by the invention has the advantages of portability, easiness in use and low cost, and meets the requirements of high-pixel panorama shooting of ordinary consumers.


THE UNIVERSAL AC TO DC POWER/SUPPLY LAPTOPS ADAPTER 70W see review, you will get discount or special price this product


An I–-catalyzed methoxy carbon–oxygen bond cleavage in 5-methoxyoxazoles leading to the synthesis of azalactones, precursors of quaternary amino acids, has been developed. A series of 4-substituted azalactones were obtained through the variation of the alkyl iodides and differently substituted 5-methoxyoxazoles. Further study indicated that azalactone 3aa may be easily converted to benzoyl-protected quaternary amino acid 4aa. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)


This book is a recent addition to those available for health practitioners involved in the assessment, diagnosis and management of patients who present with chest pain. Written by experts who are both academically and clinically credible, the text guides the reader from general principles of assessment in the first section through to management of patients presenting with specific conditions in which chest pain is a key feature in the second section.


We present new mid-infrared images of the central region of the Orion Nebula using the newly commissioned Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy airborne telescope and its 5–40 μm camera FORCAST. The 37.1 μm images represent the highest resolution observations (≲4″) ever obtained of this region at these wavelengths. After BN/KL (which is described in a separate paper in this issue), the dominant source at all wavelengths except 37.1 μm is the Ney–Allen Nebula, a crescent-shaped extended source associated with θ1 D Ori. The morphology of the Ney–Allen nebula in our images is consistent with the interpretation that it is ambient dust swept up by the stellar wind from θ1 D Ori, as suggested by Smith et al. in 2005. Our observations also reveal emission from two "proplyds" (proto-planetary disks), and a few embedded young stellar objects (YSOs; IRc 9, and OMC1-S IRS1, 2, and 10). The spectral energy distribution for IRc 9 is presented and fitted with standard YSO models from Robitaille et al. in 2007 to constrain the total luminosity, disk size, and envelope size. The diffuse, nebular emission we observe at all FORCAST wavelengths is most likely from the background photodissociation region (PDR) and shows structure that coincides roughly with Hα and [N ii] emission. We conclude that the spatial variations in the diffuse emission are likely due to undulations in the surface of the background PDR.


Assessing disease severity can be performed using either clinician‐rated scales (CRS) or patient‐rated outcome (PRO) tools. These two measures frequently demonstrate poor correlations.


'Why isn't my town on the map?' (Keillor 1985, p.90) The lament of residents of the mythical Lake Wobegon, when fifty square miles of central Minnesota were mistakenly omitted by government surveyors. This content analysis of statewide television news reveals a number of Lake Wobegons missing from Queensland's television news map. Distance from a newsroom (not from the capital) appears to be a major factor contributing to the 'invisibility' of certain cities and towns. A local news service appears to enhance a region's chances of 'balanced' statewide coverage. Based on this study the hidden impact of local TV news closures could be a Lake Wobegon fate for regional Australia on the state and national news maps.


The present invention relates to biocidal compositions that can be added to materials which can be attacked by harmful microorganisms. The composition comprises 2-methyl-isothiazolin-3-one and at least one further biocidal active formulations as biocidal active formulation. As the biocide composition the further biocidal active formulation, formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing substances, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, polyhexamethylene biguanide, o- phenylalanine phenol, pyrithione, n- butyl 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, characterized in that it comprises a n- hydroxymethyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or benzalkonium chloride.


Objectives: To study the correlation between the dynamic expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) around hematoma and the blood-brain barrier permeability after intraeerebral hemorrhage in rats. Methods: Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into sham-operation group, and groups of 6 hours, 12 hours, 1,3, 7 and 14 days (n = 6 in each group) after intracerebral hemorrhage. The intracerebral hemorrhage model in rats was established by injecting autologous arterial blood into eaudate nucleus. Immunohistochemical method and Evans blue method were used respectively to detect the dynamic changes of AQP-4 around hematoma and the blood-brain barrier permeability in different time periods after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Results: (1) The expression of AQP-4 around hematoma increased gradually 12 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage, it increased significantly at day 1 and reached a maximum at day 3. It was slightly higher than normal level at day 7 and almost returned to normal at day 14 (P 〈 0.05). (2) The highest permeability of blood-brain barrier appeared from 12 hours to 1 day after intracerebral hemorrhage, it began to recover at day 3, reduced significantly at day 7, and almost returned to normal at day 14 (P 〈0.05). (3) The dynamic expression of AQP-4 around hematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage was correlated with the blood-brain barrier permeability (X^2mh = 10.41, P 〈0.05). Conclusions: The dynamic change rule of AQP-4 around hematoma suggests that the expression of AQP-4 is closely associated with the occurrence and development of cerebral injury and it is one of the important factors in causing hemorrhagic cerebral injury.

Key words:
aquaporin-4;  intraccrebral hemorrhage;  blood-brain barrier;  rat


Biodiverse countries such as Indonesia provide the exotic Asiatic Softshell Turtle (Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert 1770) for the wildlife trade. Deciding which trade model is detrimental to species survival in the wild can be a major challenge for Management Authorities (MA) in implementing CITES. The consequences for conservation, long-term use, and livelihoods are uncertain. The study used the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) trade database. The collection of raw data is based on trade reports for the species of freshwater turtles (testudinidae) for the period 2011 to 2021, export countries from Indonesia, export destinations for all countries and sources of harvested turtles from the wild. This research aims to study the freshwater turtle trading trends over the decade, compare total quotas to actual harvest, and recognize how the precautionary principle is applied in harvesting A. cartilaginea. Harvesting and trading are following the quota regulated under the Indonesian government. However, conservation efforts were less emphasized, so it is feared that there will be a population decline and even extinction in the future, while the population in the wild cannot be ascertained. The larger the harvest quota set and the shorter the harvest period, the larger the natural population that must be available.


Objective To study relationship between 44 single nucleotide polymorphism in Calpain-10 gene and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic(T2DM)patients of Li minorities in Hainan.Methods 46 T2DM patients(T2DM group)and 54 healthy subjects(control group)were enrolled in this study.The height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,body mass index(BMI),waist to hip ratio(WHR),and the levels of fasting blood insulin(FIns)and fasting plasma glucose(FPG)in both groups were measured.Results In the control group,TT genotype of UCSNP-44 was accounted for 78%,TC-type accounted for 20%,CC-type accounted for 2%,T allele frequency was 88% and C allele was 12%.In the T2DM group,TT genotype was accounted for 76%,TC-type 22%,CC-type 2%,T allele frequency 88%,C allele 12%.Compared with the control group,UCSNP-44 allele and gene frequencies in the T2DM group did not show significant differences(P0.05) and no significant difference in BMI≥25kg/m2 and BMI 25 kg/m2 between two groups(P0.05).No significant differences in BMI and WHR,FPG,FIns,IR,HBCI between the TT subgroup and the TC+CCsubgroup in the patient with T2DM(P0.05).Conclusion UCSNP44 sites of calpain 10 gene are not related to type 2 diabetes,calpain 10 gene might not be a related gene for type 2 diabetic patients of Li minorities in Hainan province.


In addition to their role as a summative measure, midterm tests can provide formative feedback that can be used by students to identify areas of weakness and adjust studying approaches. Unfortunately, low levels of test pickup often preclude this type of learning from tests. Even when students do collect their marked tests, it is unclear how much they reflect on or learn from the feedback. Exam wrappers have been designed and used in other sciences to promote reflection on tests and improve study practices. In this paper, we introduce exam wrappers into a CS course. We outline our adoption of exam wrappers, and illustrate how we as educators can learn from student responses on exam wrappers. We also describe an experiment comparing three styles of exam wrapper. Although it did not find significant differential impact on exam scores, we find, for all wrapper styles, improved test pickup rates and qualitative evidence that students successfully reflect on past behaviour and recognize improved study strategies.


Abstract Evidence for a southern South American lineage of polygrammoid ferns was inferred from analyses using four cpDNA markers. The lineage corresponds to the genus Synammia, which has usually been treated as a synonym of the polyphyletic genus Polypodium. Seven specimens of two of the three recognized species were sampled to infer the phylogenetic relationships of this lineage to other polygrammoid ferns and the diversity within this lineage. All approaches found Synammia clearly separated from other polygrammoid ferns, but the exact relationships are still unclear. Model-based methods recovered Synammia as sister to a mainly Neotropical clade of polygrammoid ferns, but support for this hypothesis was provided only by Bayesian inference of phylogeny. The deletion of nearly the whole rps4-trnS IGS is a synapomorphy of Synammia. The lineage is separated from other extant polygrammoid ferns, but very low to zero sequence diversity was found among the seven samples of Synammia. The results strongly support an independent lineage of polygrammoid ferns in southern South America.


A study of the plane-parallel surfaces finishing process of high-precision parts was carried out. The architecture of the IIoT environment based on the Winnum Platform for a double-acting flat-finishing machine has been developed. The requirements for surface roughness and the tolerance of flatness and parallelism are considered, and the reasons for their magnitude are determined. The analysis of studies on technological issues of manufacturing aircraft vibration sensors has been carried out. The types of technological finishing operation are considered, as well as the process of machine finishing of flat parallel surfaces for a double-acting flat-finishing machine is described. The kinematics of the finishing operation is considered. The need for the development of recommendations for determining the rational technological modes of finishing is revealed.


Introduction
Given the high radiation tissue sensitivity of pediatric patients, it is necessary to monitor their received dose in order to optimize radiation protection. The first aim of this study was to evaluate of the entrance surface dose (ESD) in pediatric patients undergoing chest x-ray at the main hospital of Dezful, Iran. The second aim was to compare our results with the established dose reference levels (DRL).

Materials and Methods
The studied population included 204 pediatric patients less than 15 year who were referred to chest x-ray. A calibrated dose area product meter (DAP-meter) with permanent installation on x-ray unit was used to radiation dose measurements. For each patient, the demographic data, exposure parameters and the dose read by DAP-meter were recorded and ESD was calculated using standard mathematical formula.

Results
The average value of ESD was 119 μGy in patients less than 15 years. This value was 51.3, 122.3, 131.5 and 171.2 μGy for the age groups less than 1 year, 1 to 5 year, 5 to 10 year and 10 to 15 year, respectively. A statistical significant difference was seen between ESD values in different age groups (P<0.001), whereas no statistical difference was seen between ESD values in  girls and boys (P =0.993).

Conclusion
Pediatric patients in hospital investigated (except age group less than 1 year) are subjected to unnecessary radiation exposure, especially due to use of non-optimize x-ray protocols.


A chronology of the history of ultrasonics is one of fascinating discoveries, inventions and uses of this high frequency branch of acoustics. Behind this record of discovery lie equally fascinating tales of persons and personalities that have laid the groundwork for our still expanding field of science and technology. The highlights presented note some of the people and stories behind the scientific headlines of discovery. Ranging from the historically curious to the borders of scandal, the personalities of ultrasonics are as interesting as their inventions. The topics dealt with include sonar and biomedical ultrasonics.


Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the association between coronary artery calcium score(CCS) and prognosis in patients with multi-vessel disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods 145 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease and coronary angiographic multi-vessel disease were enrolled. All patients underwent fi rst coronary angiography and PCI within 3 months after multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT). CCS was calculated. The patients were divided into 3 groups: CCS ≤ 100, 101 to 400 and 400 according to guidelines. Procedure-related complications and main adverse cardiac events were recorded. Results Compare to the patients with CCS ≤ 400, the Syntax score [(17.9±8.5) vs.(23.5±8.8), P 0.001], the proportion of three-vessel disease(56.3% vs. 75.4%, P=0.015) and PCI complications(5.0% vs. 21.5%, P=0.005) were higher in patients with CCS 400. All patients were followed up(median 952 days, range 360 to 2542 days). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with CCS ≤ 100, 101 to 400 and 400 had similar cumulativenon-events survival rates(84.6% vs. 78.0% vs. 64.6%, P=0.141). However, it showed signifi cant different cumulative non-events survival rates in female subgroup(100.0% vs. 75.0% vs. 50.0%, Log rank 6.836, P=0.033). Conclusions CCS assessed by MDCT associated with prognosis in patients with multi-vessel disease underwent PCI. CCS 400 indicates high PCI complications, and higher CCS indicates poorer prognosis in female subgroup.


The stereotype of the churl ("vilain" or "villanus"), embodiment of baseness, does not disappear in the thirteenth century: on the contrary, it is immortalized by the proverbs and the comic literature which also illustrate the stereotypes of the woman and the priest. But another character appears, a rehabilitated and humanized farmer, even if he is still called sometimes villanus, the word "paisant" (peasant) being yet very rare. The poets, among whom many were doubtless of rural origin, picture him as hospitable, patient, even educated. Unlike the priest, he his not the object of public condemnation and undergoes no degrading punishment. He runs his lands and manages his farm normally. As head of the household ("chef de feu"), with his responsibilities and his autonomy, he occupies a specific position in the society, much as the craftsman, the merchant and the lord. Besides the medieval Caliban, the farmer does have a real existence, and contemporary charters of emancipation are the witnesses of his strength and sometimes of his own language.


In order to study the effect of high sugar concentration on the growth of ginger plantlet in vitro under high light intensity(120 μmol·m-2·s-1),the effect of three different sucrose concentration(0%,1%,3%) on the relevant physiological characteristics of ginger plantlet in vitro was carried out.The results were as followed:as the sucrose concentration decreased,the fresh weight of stems and leaves,the fresh weight of root,the total fresh weight of the whole plant and the propagation coefficient decreased;the content of soluble sugar and starch of the two cultivars of plantlets decreased both in the roots and the leaves,while the soluble sugar and starch in the root declined faster than that of leaves;the growth of the root was restrained and the root/shoot ratio decreased.As the sucrose concentration decreased,the chlorophyll and carotenoid content in leaves reduced,the stomatal width and length increased,and the stomatal density decreased.


Despite decades of advocacy, most students with developmental disabilities continue to spend the majority of the school day in self-contained special education classrooms. However, there is tremendous variability of educational placement across the United States. Identification of geographic trends that explain this variability could provide opportunities for targeted advocacy. Using state-level data in Ohio, we tested the hypothesis that urbanicity predicts educational placement. Through mapping and multivariate analysis of variance, we found that students in urban districts tended to spend less time in general education classrooms, and students in rural districts tended to spend more time in general education classrooms. Furthermore, the urban districts with the largest enrollments tended to place an even lower proportion of students in general education classrooms. Given their disproportionate influence on state trends and propensity toward more self-contained and segregated placements, large urban districts offer a unique opportunity for targeted advocacy and change.


This investigation is performed on 100 buffaloes native Breed in Kaliobia governorate Egypt aged from 1-3years, these animals suffered from fever (41°C) enlargement lymph node, inappetence, pale mucous membrane, increase lacrimation, emaciation and corneal opacity in progressive stages when these animals were subjected to microscopic ex- amination the degree of parasitaema was recorded as the percentage of infected red blood cells in 1000red blood cell counted .We report the detection of Theileria annulata by PCR in blood samples obtained from buffaloes supposed to be infected. The assay employs primers specific for the gene encoding Theileria annulata 185RNA biochemical changes asso- ciated with Theileria annulata in these buffaloes particular emphasis to the oxidative stress the reduce TAC level may re- flect adecrease in antioxidant capacity . Blood collected from all animals on EDTA to microscopic examination and PCR to determine type of Theileria.


As federal cutbacks in the 1980s created a gap in environmental policy, a new brand of policy -- civic environmentalism -- emerged as states and communities stepped up their efforts to protect the environment. Three case studies illustrate civic environmentalism: Iowa's protection of groundwater from agricultural pollution -- the Everglades cleanup -- and energy conservation in Colorado.


A method has been described by which sensitization to a simple chemical, picryl chloride (2:4:6 trinitrochlorobenzene), can be satisfactorily attained by means of intraperitoneal injection of the compound when killed tubercle bacilli suspended in paraffin oil were used as adjuvant. Sensitivity of the contact dermatitis type results therefrom. It follows that although skin sensitization of this type is most easily obtained by dermal application this route of administration is no necessary condition for such sensitivity.


The main goal of this note is to discuss the applicability of approximate closed-form solutions to evaluate the natural frequencies for bending vibrations of simply supported Euler-Bernoulli cracked beams. From the well-known model, which considers the cracked beam as two beams connected by a rotational spring, different approximate solutions are revisited and compared with those found by a direct method, which has been chosen as reference.


This report describes surgical treatment consisting of mitral valve repair and septal myectomy in a young patient with a combination of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and intrinsic mitral valve disease. The posterior mitral valve leaflet was elongated and was subject to systolic anterior motion, creating left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. With the described treatment, it was possible to avoid mitral valve replacement in this patient.


Because computational chemistry for proteins or metalloproteins, docking of ligands into proteins, and small molecules as ligands may be require heavy calculations, low-precision but fast computational methods may be useful actually. Herein we introduce our preliminary results of semiempirical PM7 calculations for chiral Schiff base 3d-4f binuclear metal complexes containing many electrons. Computational simulation of docking of ligands into proteins was used in drug design and discovery in silico commonly. Moreover, metal complexes as well as organic ligands were also treated in new study on protein surface mimetics1 besides purely biochemical protein-protein interactions.2 Recently, not only docking programs such as GOLD3, the PM6 semi-empirical method was applied to modeling proteins for enhancing docking accuracy4. Of course, proteins are large systems composed of many atoms. However, even ligands may be many electron systems when a ligand contains heavy metal atoms such as third transition metals or lanthanide metals. Indeed, we have reported on fluorescence, UV-vis and CD spectral changes by docking of chiral Schiff base 3d (zinc(II)) or the related 3d-4f complexes into lysozyme or HSA proteins experimentally5. Furthermore, in the course work of organic/inorganic hybrid materials, we have begun to prepare artificial metalloproteins by using various proteins and metal complexes. Here we show results of calculation of the analogous 3d-4f complexes 6,7 not by precise TD-DFT methods but by semiempirical molecular orbital method Sparkle/PM78 and ORCA 9 in a MOPAC2012 package mainly to obtain optimized structures (Fig. 1) towards protein-ligand interaction and simulated UVvis spectra theoretically (Fig. 2). As for Nd(III)-Cu(II) complex, differences of coordination bond distances between crystal structures and calculations were less than 0.0746 and 0.0286 nm for Cu(II) and Nd(III) coordination environments, respectively. The corresponding values are 0.0027 and 0.0594 nm for La(III)-Ni(II) complex, 0.00050 and 0.0489 nm for La(III)-Cu(II) complex, and 0.0053 and 0.0486 nm for Nd(III)-Ni(II) complex, respectively. Thus acceptable results in structures could be also obtained in considerably shorter time than TD-DFT regardless of so many 4f-electron systems. Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations for 3d-4f complexes towards artificial metalloproteins


Bringing together a number of design celebrities, among them Greg Lynn, UN Studio, Foreign Office Architects (FOA) and Kevin Kennon Architect, United Architects (UA) was established to create a collaborative proposal for the 2003 competition for a new World Trade Center. Invoking the name as well as the intentions of what started as a similar collaborative formation by established actors and film-makers in the 1940s (United Artists) to challenge mainstream corporate power, UA attempted to offer more visionary alternatives to the expectations of typical mainstream architectural solutions. Kevin Kennon here presents an insider's perspective on the UA collaboration and employs his unique history, including his former partnership at Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF) to raise important questions about collective design in terms of authorship, identity and practice. Central to his observations are the differences between the efficiency models of corporate teams and truly collaborative endeavours. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A performance assessment of the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) mission for biomass studies is presented in this paper over Congo and Amazon tropical rainforests. The functional correlation between CyGNSS-derived trailing edge width TE and Avitabile et. al. Above Ground Biomass (AGB) pantropical data is evaluated using ICESat-1/GLAS-derived Canopy Height (CH), SMAP-derived Vegetation Optical Depth ( VOD ), and Polarization Index ( PI ). The main objective is to investigate the sensitivity of CyGNSS to biomass over dense forest canopies. The potential advantage of CyGNSS as compared to classical monostatic radar missions could rely on the increasing signal attenuation by the upwelling vegetation cover that reduces the coherent scattering component coh,0  . This term can only be collected in a bistatic radar geometry. Using empirically-derived polynomial fitting functions, preliminary results show that the use of TE allows to estimate AGB up to ~ 400 ton/ha and ~ 250 ton/ha over Congo and Amazon rainforests at low elevation angles e  ~ [20, 40] o. The analysis using the SMAP-derived microwave vegetation parameters shows that: a) VOD performs well even over rainforests, and b) PI could depend also on the CH levels.


The utility model discloses a dust-proof sealing type alternating current permanent magnet synchronous electric spindle, which comprises a shell, a permanent magnet rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a rotating shaft, a front press cover and a back press cover. A front bearing base and a back bearing base are respectively arranged at the front end and the back end of the shell. The rotating shaft is arranged in the shell. The permanent magnet rotor assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the shell. The stator assembly is arranged on the rotating shaft. The front end of the rotating shaft extends out from the front press cover. The back end of the rotating shaft is provided with an encoder. A locking nut is arranged between the front bearing base and the front press cover. A plurality of annular grooves are arranged on the periphery of the locking nut. Each annular groove is provided with a first metal sealing ring and a second metal sealing ring which are made of elastic materials with larger coefficient of thermal expansion. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the second metal sealing rings are larger than that of the first metal sealing rings. The dust-proof sealing type alternate current permanent magnet synchronous electric spindle is simple in structure, convenient to use, low in production cost and good in sealing function.


Measurements of energy transfer during commercial-scale TMP refining of loblolly pine (P. teada) and of the properties of the resulting pulp showed that, for refiners operating within normal commercial ranges, Miles' relationships, which characterize refiner operating conditions by 'refining intensity' and 'specific refining power', are limited in their ability to predict pulp properties. The refining pressure was found to be at least as important, particularly when high disc speeds are used. Operating at high pressure and high speed used less energy and yielded pulps having handsheet properties comparable to those of conventionally refined pulp, and with improved linting propensity. Scanning electron microscope measurements suggest that increasing the intensity of refining causes a higher incidence of fibre splitting in the cross-sectional direction, and results in improved linting propensity. A new parameter, cumulative refining intensity, is introduced to quantify the totality of refining events experienced by wood/fibre passing through the mainline refining stages.


ABSTRACT Leprosy settlements have never been a priority in historic preservation due to their assumed lesser architectural value and marginalized historical significance in nation-building. Furthermore, they are considered 'difficult heritage' for their history of pain and shame. Recent external and internal factors have prompted significant opportunities for these settlements. However, either preserving or demolishing a leprosarium is a sensitive decision that is complicated by the influence of neoliberalism with its emphasis on a market oriented economy. The demolition of Losheng Sanatorium in Taiwan and the questionable conduct shown to its residents spurred a call for human rights that culminated in dramatic demonstrations led by youth activists and leprosy-affected residents. In this paper, I present the case of Losheng Sanatorium to illustrate three points: how difficult heritage can work as a catalyst to agitate social movements when national public projects are in conflict with historic preservation, how the bottom-up social approach to historic preservation of leprosy settlements includes both a people's history and the physical environment, and how the preservation dilemma shared between Losheng Sanatorium and Sungai Buloh Leprosarium in Malaysia facilitated a transnational collaboration.


Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a very potent greenhouse gas, and the majority of the emissions are associated with intensive livestock production. The magnitude of the emissions depends on the nitrogen (N) input to the soil, and on grazed pastures the largest share of the emissions is typically originating from the N applied via fertilization and excreta of the grazing animals. The uneven spatial distribution of the excretion leads to emission hot spots on grazing systems and makes the quantification of the gaseous emissions difficult. Micrometeorological methods like the eddy covariance (EC) that integrate emissions over a larger area method are well suited to quantify total field-scale N2O emissions of grazed pastures. But the partioning of emissions for different sources and the determination of source-specific emission factors is still a challenge.

We present results of a 5-year field experiment carried out in western Switzerland. The investigated pasture was grazed by dairy cows in an intensive rotational management. The field was additionally fertilized with organic and mineral fertilizer each year, according to the N requirement of the grassland. The field-scale N2O fluxes were quantified with the EC technique using a fast response Quantum cascade laser spectrometer for N2O concentration measurements. The experimental setup and the environmental conditions resulted in high temporal and spatial dynamics of the N2O fluxes with highest values typically occurring after mineral fertilization events in the summer month. Using N2O background parametrizations retrieved from chamber measurements in one year and subtracting the background emission from the measured N2O fluxes allowed us to calculate excreta-related emission factors (EFs) according to the IPCC guidelines. EFs for fertilizer N input were calculated using a pre-defined time window after the fertilizer was applied. The subtracted background emissions during the fertilization events were calculated from the EC measurements outside this time window. We attribute the observed emissions to the different N inputs and discuss potential reasons for the supposedly higher emissions after mineral fertilizer applications in comparison to organic fertilizer emissions.


Aiming at the nonself-adapting defects of form line on Delphi report tool QuickReport, a visual component Tnewcom with automatic telescopic feature on Delphi report is designed, and a concrete implementing method based on Delphi 5.0 is also put forward.


Objective To investigate the expression of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule(ALCAM/CD166) protein in ovarian benign and malignant border sex,and the relationship between ALCAM expression and clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer.And to exploit the relevancy of the expression level of the tumor markers CA125.Methods Observed the strength of the ALCAM or CA125 dyeing particles in cell membranes and cytoplasm in the tissues of ovarian tumors in 68 patients by using immunohistochemistry(EnVisionTM method).ALCAM protein and CA125 expression was evaluated in the tissues of ovarian benign.and malignant border sex.Results The ALCAM in ovarian benign epithelial neoplasm low expression is 20%.The expression in the border of sex and malignant epithelial neoplasm increases upto 52.9 per 94.4%,respectively.There is great significance in the comparison between ovarian benign and malignant border sex.The ovarian tumor markers CA125 positive expression rate of benign is 26.6%,of border sex is 70.6,ofmalignant is 94.4%.The protein expression of the malignant border sex is much higher than the expression of the benign.The expression of ALCAN and CA125 has no relationship with the patient's age,the size of the tumour,pathological level,and the distant metasis.Positive ALCAM protein expression rate in epithelial ovarian tumor is 67.6% and the ovarian tumor markers CA125 positive expression rate is 73.5%.There does have correlation between these two expressions.Conclusion When the expression level of ALCAM in ovarian malignant epithelial neoplasm is obviously up-regulated,this phenomenon indicates its involvement in the occurrence of ovarian malignant epithelial neoplasm.Detection ALCAM expression can be used as an index of predicting ovarian malignant epithelial neoplasm occurrence.


Robust model-fitting to spectroscopic transitions is a requirement across many fields of science. The corrected Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AICc and BIC) are most frequently used to select the optimal number of fitting parameters. In general, AICc modelling is thought to overfit (too many model parameters) and BIC underfits. For spectroscopic modelling, both AICc and BIC lack in two important respects: (a) no penalty distinction is made according to line strength such that parameters of weak lines close to the detection threshold are treated with equal importance as strong lines and (b) no account is taken of the way in which spectral lines impact on narrow data regions. In this paper we introduce a new information criterion that addresses these shortcomings, the "Spectral Information Criterion" (SpIC). Spectral simulations are used to compare performances. The main findings are (i) SpIC clearly outperforms AICc for high signal to noise data, (ii) SpIC and AICc work equally well for lower signal to noise data, although SpIC achieves this with fewer parameters, and (iii) BIC does not perform well (for this application) and should be avoided. The new method should be of broader applicability (beyond spectroscopy), wherever different model parameters influence separated small ranges within a larger dataset and/or have widely varying sensitivities.


Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is now a generally used name for clinical Pick's disease (PiD). Many would prefer the eponymic term because of its obvious symmetry to Alzheimer disease (AD), for lay audiences, and for historical accuracy. Furthermore, increasing number of caregivers and physicians object to term dementia Arnold Pick described the clinical picture of frontotemporal atrophy a century ago. Pick's initial case of a progressively aphasic patient with behavioral disturbances had only gross examination without any microscopic data, nevertheless the clinical description and its relationship to focal atrophy is the basis of the syndrome. Pick also linked several cases of focal atrophy of the left temporal lobe with a clinical picture of word deafness, similar to what is currently referred to as ''semantic dementia.'' Later PiD was defined on the basis of round, silver staining inclusions, initially described by Alzheimer. A dichotomy of nosology arose because pathologists use the term PiD on the basis of histologic criteria, whereas others to describe the clinical picture of lobar atrophies as Pick did originally. It also became apparent that many cases of clinical PiD do not show the distinctive Pick bodies. Frontotemporal atrophy was demonstrated with increasing frequency in vivo with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and single photon emission computed tomography. Several studies applied new labels such as frontal lobe degeneration or dementia of the frontal lobe type and subsequently FTD These terms were initially applied mainly for the behavioral presentation. Reserving the diagnosis of PiD to the postmortem finding of Pick bodies gave rise to the paradox that PiD, a former clinical entity, could only be diagnosed by pathologists! The aphasic presentation was described as primary progressive aphasia (PPA), the extrapyramidal component as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) as separate entities but recently they were recognized as overlapping with FTD and PPA. As FTD is used for both the overall disease and the behavioral presentation ambiguously, the term ''Pick complex'' (PC) was suggested to encompass all the related entities both clinically and pathologically. Subsequently, this concept became more or less accepted; however, there is limited recognition among most clinicians about the extent of the overlap. A continuing nosologic controversy involves the inclusion of CBD syndrome (CBDS) and PSP. Others have used ''frontotemporal lobar degeneration'' (FTLD), which is widespread in the technical literature, but it is less consistently used to include the subcortical, extrapyramidal varieties. Recent recognition of the overlap with motor neuron disease (MND) further justifies the concept of a complex of syndromes with variable pathology and clinical manifestations, but many unifying features.


The purpose of this study is aimed at acknowledgement of commercial sports club and measurement of satisfaction degree of sports center in terms of membership retaining period which can be explained retaining membership and withdrawal membership. To analyse above mentioned reason, retaining period of members categorized as short term member, mid term member, long term member and withdrawal member. Study results summarized as follows; 1. There is no difference of acknowledgement sex and sports center membership retaining period of background variables. Rather, sports center acknowledgement in terms of membership retaining period shows that twenties and thirties membership owners is higher than forties and mid-term and long term retainer show high acknowledge than withdrawal members. 2, Sports center satisfaction degree in terms of background variables shows that long-term members, mid-term, short-term and withdrawal member in order of satisfaction degree. This explains that satisfaction degree when a member register at the sports center is very important deciding retaining membership or withdrawal membership. Therefore, sports center should set up strategy which is focused on providing new aim to the members forecasting members' registration purposes by analysing members' propensity. 3. The influence which retain or withdrawal membership regarding the terms of registration period shows that short-term membership retainer is lowest and long-term membership retainer is the next and mid-term is next and withdrawal members is the last in terms of satisfaction degree in terms of registration period. Withdrawal members have little satisfaction degree of sports center compare with short-term, mid-term and long-term sports center membership retainer.


Abstract We consider two eigenvalue problems for the polyharmonic operator, with overdetermined boundary conditions. We give an equivalent integral formulation. In some cases we obtain characterizations of open balls by means of integral identities.


: This study aimed to identify the reality of using a balanced scorecard in business incubators in Gaza Strip, and the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and the study population consisted of all employees working in business incubators in Gaza Strip in addition to experts and consultants in incubators, where their total number reached (62) Individually, the researchers used the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data through the comprehensive survey method, where (55) questionnaires were retrieved with a recovery rate (88.7%.). The results of the study showed that there is a high approval of all dimensions of the balanced scorecard, as it obtained a relative weight (81.44%), and the order of its dimensions came as follows, first came the incubation dimension with a relative weight (84.89%), followed by the learning dimension, which got a relative weight (82.50%), and in the third place came the entrepreneur dimension with a relative weight (80.66%), and in the last place was the societal development dimension with a relative weight (78.18%). The study came out with several recommendations, the most important of which is that business incubators seek to adopt the application of the balanced scorecard as a method for managing it and a tool for measuring and evaluating its performance, and the need to periodically evaluate its performance, and the need to hold training courses for workers in incubators to introduce them to the balanced scorecard and how to apply it.


The feasibility on setting-up series practical training courses for reverse engineering is explored by teaching trying in seniorstudents in recent years. Some key matters needed to be solved on the training process are pointed out and analyzed. Relevant proposalsare put forward appropriately. It is indicated that there is positive function on upgrading self-learning ability and knowledge-applyingability of students by the process.


Veena Raman, Pennsylvania State University Veena Raman is a lecturer in the departments of Communication Arts and Sciences and Science, Technology, and Society at Penn State. Dr. Raman teaches courses on globalization, new information technologies, the cultural implications of new media technologies and ethical issues surrounding them, and the role of information technologies in facilitating democratic participation and deliberation. Dr. Raman's research focuses on political impacts of communication technologies, digital governance, participatory and deliberative democracy, and civic engagement in the context of globalization.


The generalized queueing networks (G-networks) which we introduce in this paper contain customers and signals. Both customers and signals can be exogenous, or can be obtained by a Markovian movement of a customer from one queue to another after service transforming itself into a signal or remaining a customer. A signal entering a queue forces a customer to move instantaneously to another queue according to a Markovian routing rule, or to leave the network, while customers request service. This synchronised or triggered motion is useful in representing the effect of tokens in Petri nets, in modelling systems in which customers and work can be instantaneously moved from one queue to the other upon certain events, and also for certain behaviours encountered in parallel computer system modelling. We show that this new class of network has product-form stationary solution, and establish the non-linear customer flow equations which govern it. Network stability is discussed in this new context.


We present a relativistic density functional approach to color superconducting quark matter that mimics quark confinement by a fast growth of the quasiparticle selfenergy in the confining region. The approach is shown to be equivalent to a chiral model of quark matter with medium dependent couplings. While the (pseudo)scalar sector of the model is fitted to the vacuum phenomenology of quantum chromodynamics, the strength of interaction in the vector and diquark channels is varied in order to provide the best agreement with the observational constraints on the mass-radius relation and tidal deformability of neutron stars modelled with our approach. In order to recover the conformal behavior of quark matter at asymptotically high densities we introduce a medium dependence of the vector and diquark couplings motivated by the non-perturbative gluon exchange. Our analysis signals that the onset of deconfinement to color superconducting quark matter is likely to occur in neutron stars with masses below 1.0 M⊙.


Capacitive double-layer expansion is a promising technology to harvest energy arising from the salinity difference between freshwater and seawater. Its optimal performance requires a careful selection of the operation potentials and electrode materials. While carbonaceous materials such as graphene and various forms of activated carbons are routinely used as the electrodes, there is little knowledge on how the quantum capacitance and the electric double-layer (EDL) capacitance, which are on the same order of magnitude, affect the capacitive performance. Toward understanding that from a theoretical perspective, here we study the capacitive energy extraction with graphene electrodes as a function of the number of graphene layers. The classical density functional theory is joined with the electronic density functional theory to obtain the EDL and the quantum capacitance, respectively. The theoretical results show that the quantum capacitance contribution plays a dominant role in extracting energy using the s...


In this paper, a procedure based on three-dimension matrices is presented: it is the generalization of multiconductor cell analysis to any transmission line where the positions of all the active and passive conductors may change with continuity along their development. A meaningful example of this is given by three-core single lead-screened armoured cables where cores and armour wires are wound helically with different lay lengths. The computational complexity of this novel method is shown in comparison with the finite element method commercial software FLUX 3D which takes 70 h for meshing and solving a 3 m long model. On the contrary, the present matrix algorithms take from minute fractions to maximum 2 minutes (depending on subconductor number) to obtain results having negligible differences with respect to those obtained by means of FEM FLUX 3D ones if paramagnetic materials are involved and differences up to maximum 7 % with ferromagnetic ones (which implies, for submarine cable installations, a current rating computation difference lower than 3%).


A new model for system reliability of the early 80's, the consecutive-k-out-of-n system is presented. Definitions of the new model, exact formulas of system reliability, recursive formulas, upper and lower bounds are given. Its optimization problems and some theoretical problems are also summarized.


The invention provides a transparent ultraviolet sterilization paint. The paint comprises, by weight, 0.05-0.15% of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 0.05-0.15% of nanometer titanium phosphate, 10-16% of novolac epoxy resin, 0.5-1.5% of oily nanometer titanium dioxide, 0.5-1.5% of nanometer negative ion powder, 0.001-0.004% of an antifoaming agent, 0.001-0.004% of a silane coupling agent, 0.001-0.004% of dibutyltin dilaurate, 0.01-0.04% of polyacrylate, and the balance water, wherein the antifoaming agent is YL-109; and the granularity of the oily nanometer zinc oxide is 10-35nm. The paint of the invention, which is nontoxic, odorless, safe and environmentally friendly, can generate a photocatalytic reaction like photosynthesis under the light irradiation and generate free hydroxyl radicals and active oxygen with extremely strong oxidation capabilities, so the paint which has a very strong photoredox function can oxidize-decompose various organic compounds and partial inorganic substances, destroy cell membranes of bacteria, cure proteins of viruses, kill the bacteria, decompose organic pollutants, and decompose the organic pollutants into pollution-free water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby the paint has extremely strong sterilization, deodorizing, mildew resisting, antifouling, self-cleaning, and air purifying functions. The paint can efficiently, rapidly and lastingly purify air.


Based on daily temperature data from 1961 to 2010 from 101 meteorological stations in Xinjiang,the spatial-temporal change characteristic of annual mean temperature,first and late frost dates,and frost-free period were analyzed using linear regression,accumulative anomaly,T-tests and mixed spatial interpolation methods.We found that the spatial distribution of first and late frost dates and frost-free periods closely corresponded to annual mean temperature.For example,when the annual mean temperature is higher,the late frost date is earlier,first frost date is later and frost-free period is longer.Under a context of global warming,annual mean temperature rose 0.33° C/10 a and the late frost date advanced by-1.41 d/10 a,the first frost date was delayed by 2.21 d/10 a,and the frost-free period increased by 3.59 d/10 a.These changes experienced significant mutation in 1997 or 1995 whereby the rate of change before and after these dates was different in different areas.Generally,the advance rate or range of late frost dates,the delayed rate or range of first frost dates,and the increasing rate or range of frost-free periods were greater in areas that underwent a greater increase in annual mean temperature.


This article presents statistics about the cohort of foreign students studying at Russian universities. It will interest researchers and a large number of higher education professionals, including university administrators and employees at state oversight agencies.


We develop an algorithm based on three basic DNA editing operations suggested by a model for ciliate micronuclear decryption, to transform a given permutation into another. The number of ciliate operations performed by our algorithm during such a transformation is taken to be the distance between two such permutations. Applying well-known clustering methods to such distance functions enables one to determine phylogenies among the items to which the distance functions apply. As an application of these ideas we explore the relationships among the chromosomes of eight fruitfly (drosophila) species, using the well-known UPGMA algorithm on the distance function provided by our algorithm.


Band structures of n‐i‐n‐i doping superlattices are found using a self‐consistent calculation based on the envelope function formalism. The modulation potentials, the charge density distributions, the dispersion relationships, and the occupation of the subbands in the n‐i‐n‐i superlattices are computed and their dependence on temperature and the structural parameters of the superlattices are studied. It is found that the modulation potentials of n‐i‐n‐i doping superlattices are weak, and quantum effects are, therefore, also weak. The density of states in n‐i‐n‐i superlattices can be adjusted by varying the structural parameters of the superlattices. As a result, the n‐i‐n‐i doping superlattices behave like uniformly doped semiconductors with an adjustable density of states. The density of states is found to be temperature dependent. Electron mobilities of the n‐i‐n‐i doping superlattices are also computed. It is found that both impurity scattering processes that are observed in uniform lightly doped semic...


It is recognized that many evaluation metrics of machine translation in use that focus on surface word level suffer from their lack of tolerance of linguistic variance, and the incorporation of linguistic features can improve their performance. To this end, WordNet is therefore widely utilized by recent evaluation metrics as a thesaurus for identifying synonym pairs. On this basis, word pairs in similar meaning, however, are still neglected. We investigate the significance of this particular word group to the performance of evaluation metrics. In our experiments we integrate eight different measures of lexical semantic similarity into an evaluation metric based on standard measures of unigram precision, recall and F-measure. It is found that a knowledge-based measure proposed by Wu and Palmer and a corpus-based measure, namely Latent Semantic Analysis, lead to an observable gain in correlation with human judgments of translation quality, in an extent to which better than the use of WordNet for synonyms.


Metastatic gastric cancer is a lethal disease with a very short overall survival. Although several molecular target therapies have been investigated, the results were not good. Only few agents like trastuzumab and ramucirumab could improve the prognosis of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered to be related to the tumor development, and the expression of VEGF was high in advanced gastric cancer. Thus targeting VEGF is one of promising strategy in the treatment of gastric cancer. Among therapeutic agents which target angiogenesis, apatinib is a novel oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR2. It has a good oral bioavailability and has been confirmed to be effective in gastric cancer. The recent clinical trials displayed that as a third line treatment, apatinib could improve the outcome of gastric cancer significantly, so apatinib is very likely to be the key drug of gastric cancer. Here we review the antitumor mechanism, pharmacokinetics, efficiency, safety, relevant clinical trials and recent research progress of apatinib briefly.


Preliminary findings from a long-term, prospective, longitudinal, naturalistic treatment study of adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD) demonstrate that this illness has a chronic course and a greater adverse impact on social functioning than do depressive symptoms or chronic medical illnesses. Comorbid anxiety, depressive, and personality disorders are common in patients with SAD. Only 35% of patients with SAD recovered after 10 years of prospective follow-up. Whereas, the relapse rate, once recovery is achieved, is 34% during this 10-year follow-up. Treatment is underutilized in patients with SAD, and a long-term treatment approach may be needed to improve the likelihood of recovery from SAD.


Introduction: This study assessed the effectiveness of a provider training on signs of early‐onset psychosis and early intervention treatments. Additional goals of the training were to strengthen provider intention to apply this knowledge to clinical practice, decrease stigma of providers towards clients with psychosis, and bolster perceived competence in providing services for youth with psychosis.


Few topics in medical ethics stimulate as much heated debate as the question of the proper place of religious beliefs in medical practice. Typically, this debate is orientated towards questions about the religious beliefs held by medical practitioners, and in particular the appropriate limits that ought to be placed on these beliefs shaping care in ways that might impact negatively on patients' interests. In this issue, however, it is the religious beliefs of patients themselves, and how these beliefs ought to be responded to by clinicians, that is the focus of analysis.

In their Feature Article, Greenblum and Hubbard (pages 705–10) articulate a strong position in response to this issue. Their fundamental claim is that clinicians should not deliberate about religious commitments with religious patients when these patients are drawing on these commitments in the medical decision-making process. They present two main arguments in support of this claim: the public reason argument and the fiduciary argument , and they contend that the discussion of religious considerations should be compartmentalised and farmed out to another appropriately placed person, such as a member of the clergy. Stimulating six commentaries that interrogate aspects of both arguments and the authors' practical proposal, Greenblum and Hubbard's paper gets to the heart of the challenge of reconciling the public role of medical practitioners with the private encounters that substantiate the performance of this role.

Greenblum and Hubbard's first argument is that clinicians ought to limit their deliberations in decisions made with patients to presenting 'considerations that any reasonable person could recognise as counting in favour of something' (page 707). Drawing on the work of John Rawls and Robert Audi, the authors discount the place of religious reasons in …


For the stable and reliable operation of centrifugal pump, the transient flow must be studied and the separation region should be avoided. Three-dimensional, incompressible, steady, and transient flows in a centrifugal pump at specific speed within 74 were numerically studied using shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model, and an improved explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model–rotation-curvature turbulence model was proposed by considering the effects of rotation and curvature in the impeller passages in this work. Steady and transient computations were conducted to compare with the experiments. The comparison of pump hydraulic performance showed that the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model–rotation-curvature turbulence model was better than the original model, especially between 0.6QBEP and 1.2QBEP; the improved model could enhance the head prediction of pump by about 1%–7% than that with the original model. Then, the visualization of the vortex evolution was observed to validate the unsteady simulations. Good agreement was investigated between calculations and visualizations. It is indicated that the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model–rotation-curvature model can successfully capture the separation flow.


The second order perturbation theory expression for the time dependent populations and rates of photoinduced electron transfer reactions has been previously derived by R.D. Coalson, D.G. Evans and A. Nitzan (J. chem. Phys., 101, 436 (1994)) and by M. Cho and R.J. Silbey (J. chem. Phys., 103, 595 (1995)). Here, we adapt these expressions for the study and analysis of the excitation laser frequency dependence of the time dependent populations and rates. Our model consists of a molecule with three electronic states, each supporting a manifold of harmonic internal vibrations of the molecule. In contrast to previous expectations, we find that in the region of significant absorption, the photoinduced electron transfer rate is almost independent of the frequency and the temporal width of the excitation laser. This conclusion implies that control of the excitation rate through the excitation laser frequency is possible only if external noise destroys the coherence of the excitation process.


This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of surgery in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) and explore potential prognostic factors.


III Zw2 was observed with XMM-Newton in July 2000. Its X-ray spectrum can be described by a powerlaw of photon index Γ ≈ 1.7 with a Gaussian line at 6.7 keV. There is no significant evidence of intrinsic absorption within the source or of a soft X-ray excess. Multi-wavelength light curves over a period of 25 years show related variations from the radio to the X-rays. We interpret the radio to optical emission as synchrotron radiation, self-absorbed in the radio/millimeter region, and the X-rays as mainly due to Compton up-scattering of low-energy photons by the population of high-energy electrons that give rise to the synchrotron radiation.


s This section is compiled under the direction of the Committee on Abstracts and Bibliography: Prof. E. R. Schwarz, Chairman, M. W. Weiss, Dr. Irving J. Saxl and C. H. Clark. I. FIBRES (SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL) AND FIBRE ANALYSIS VIscosE RAYON: STRENGTHENING OF. A. Razumeev and V. Barakov. Iskus.stvennoe Yololcno (Artificial ]'ibre), 1935, V. 6, P. 118-27. A review of literature with more than 20 referen('cs. (From C. A., 1935, V. 29, Col. 6431.) (W) . RAYON FROM SILK FIBROIN AND OTIiER ANIMAL ALBUMINOUS SUBSTANCKS. Jos. F3uchkremer. J1fonatsh. Seide Kunstseide, 1935, V. 40, P. 324-32. . A historical review and discussion of patents and articles. Among the solvents for silk fibroin are mineral acids, particularly II~P041 coned, salt solns., combined solvents, Cu and Ni oxide, NH~, liquid NH~ and formic acid. (From C. A., 7 935, V. 29, Co1. 70H~.) (W) . SEIII(;IN: COLLOID YRO~~ERTI~S. 11. Kaneka. Bitll. Chem. 80c..fapaw, 1.934, V. 9, P. 510-20 (through Clacm. 7enl,r., 793 ~, ii, P. 1189) ; J. T. 1., Dec. 193G, P. A648. (C) ' SILK FiBRoiN. W. 'rraube, H. 111-irting, V. Senftner and S. Kell. Ber., 1935, V. 68B, P. 1405-8. Silk fibroin gives the biuret reaction. Its degradation by various means is described quantitatively and qualitatively. (From C. A., 1935, V. 29, . Co1. 7358.) (W) '~ SILK LOUSINESS NOW DETECTED AND GRADED. Am. Silk. 9' R~l7JOlL J., Dec. 1935, P. 25. . Early researches under the auspices of commissions for studies on silk, . and experiments and tests by experts to determine the causes of the imperfections which are now classified. (C) &dquo;STAPELFASER.&dquo; H. Fischer. Spinner u. Weber, 1934, V. 52, No. 31, P. 5-6. &dquo;Stapelfaser&dquo; or vistra is a, short-fibred rayon which is said to be just as good and which can be mixed with cotton, wool and linen. It is a mechanically manufd. rayon said to he superior to cotton in several respects. Its filament is 1.2-1.5 denier. lVollstra is a mixt. of wool and vistra. (From C. A., 1935, V. 29, Col. 8345.) (W) II. YARNS AND FABRICS RAYON FABRIC : NON -CIŒASING. Otto Pennenkamp. Deut. Wolle-it-Geiuerbe, 1934, V. 66, P. 327-9. A discussion dealing with the making of this product and the various precautions to be observed during the sep. stages of its nlanuf. (Fronl C. A., 1935, V. 29, Col. 8345.) (W) 'I . RAYON: STRENG'l'Ii AND EX'l'ENHIBILI'l'Y. A. Zart. Monat.'h. ,Seidc u.. Kunstseide, 1935, V. 40, P. 15-17, 61-3. A general discussion of the influence of structure, of moisture and of swelling on the strength and extensibility of rayon, methods of determining these properties by means of the Schopper tester, the need for revision of the German standard conditions of testing, the practical value of strength, extensibility and elasticity data and load-oxtenaion diagrams, and the ex, amination of rayons yarns in cases where over-stretching is suspected. (From J. T. I., June 1935, P. A317.) (C) , RAYON WARPING AND SIZINC. M. Werler. 7~zr~rstsc~,dc, 193.5, V. 17, P. 124-30. Various precautions to be taken in the warping and sizing of rayon in different forms, the choice of suitable sizes, and the advantages and disadvantages of linseed-oil sizes are discussed. (From C. A., 1935, V. 29, Col. 7665.) (W) RAYONS: I(ESIS'I'ANCE TO CREASING. h'. ~)lll..K'Iln.sIRP'tl~e, 1935, V. ]7, P. ' 351-4. A general discussion of the creasing properties of rayons and their dependence on the nature of the material and the treatments to which it has been subjected, and of finishing processes for increasing the resistance of rayons to creasing based on the use of synthetic resins or polymerized unsaturated fatty a('i«1s. (From J. T. J., 1)ec. 193.5, P. AG39.) (C) . RING FRAME&dquo; &dquo;13ALLOONII: THEORY. A. Nau-Touron. L'Ind. Text., 1935, V. 52, P. 233-5, 287-8. A theoretical study in winch equations of equilibrium are deduced for the thread balloon on ring spinning and doubling frames. (From J. Z'. L, Oct. 1935, P. A490.) (C) '


o-Phenylenediamine on condensation with urea gives the known benzimidazolin-2-one, which on reaction with phosphoryl chloride in the presence of catalytic amount of phenol yields the already reported 2-chlorobenzimidazole. The latter on alkylation with 6-chloro-2-hexanone in the presence of K 2 CO 3 in DMF medium, gives the title compound.