This is an ethnographic inquiry into America's black youth culture. It is an exploration of how the "hip hop culture" influences black youth culture. Drawing on the works of Rose (1994a, 1994b), Dimitriadis (2001), and Kitwana (2002), I explored impact of the hip hop culture in the areas of fashion, language and identity through the lens of young black males. To provide relevant theories for promoting higher academic achievement in African American males, I studied the works of Gay (2000), Ladson-Billings (2006, 2003, 2001, 1999), Weaver & Daspit (2003) and Watkins (2001). Sixth grade male students in a PreK-8 school, located in Savannah, Georgia were the focus of this study. Using group discussions and interviews, I documented the time spent with the students using hip hop and rap music. Each student's view of hip hop and its significance allowed me to better understand their interest in and reverence of the rap and hip hop culture. Much of the literature on hip hop culture deals with music, fashion, language and identity and its impact on contemporary youth culture. A limited number of educational text explored the how hip hop culture can be used to engage African American youth in culturally relevant pedagogy.


This study examined the perceptions held by 40 teachers and 304 students of a middle school honors program. The sample population represented an equal number of honors and non-honors participants. Two surveys were analyzed using thematic coding for qualitative questions, while t test and descriptive statistics were used for quantitative results. The results confirm college and high school findings in the academic perceptions of the honors students, reasons for and against the enrollment, satisfaction with the program, and the over-representation of female and white students in the program, but reject specific identified characteristics of an honors student. Middle school honors students do not have the same qualities as high school and college honors students.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: sorting of extracted mineral, for example, ore, into at least two categories including: portion comprising particles susceptible to microwave power. portion comprising particles less susceptible to microwave power. Note here that proposed process includes the following steps: (a) subjecting of extracted minerals to microwave power and heating them on dependence to susceptibility of particles material; (b) thermal analysis of particles using particles temperature as reference to indication of difference in particles composition; (c) sorting of particles proceeding from the obtained results. Note also that proposed method comprises also the control over atmosphere where through particles displace between position whereat particles are subjected to microwave power and that whereat they are subjected to thermal analysis. EFFECT: precise sorting. 21 cl, 1 dwg


conditions. Theenzyme hasbeenpurified toelectrophoretic andimmunological homogeneity byusing affinity chromatography withRed-120 agarose.Thenative enzyme was an oligomeric protein of246kilodaltons (kDa)which consisted ofsixidentical subunits of42kDaeach, hada Stokes' radius of5.8nm, an s20 , of10.1S,aD20,, of4.25x 10-11 m2s-5,anda frictional quotient of1.35. Theaminating activity was absolutely specific for NADPH,whereas deaminating activity was strictly NAD dependent, withapparent Kmsof0.25(NADPH), 0.15(NAD)), 1.25(L-alanine), 0.13(pyruvate), and16(ammonium) mM. Theenzyme was inhibited invitro bypyruvate orL-alanine andhadtwosulfhydryl groupspersubunit which were essential forbothaminating anddeaminating activities.


Tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of tyrosine to phenol and ammonium pyruvate (Scheme 1) [9]. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a cofactor of the enzyme. TPL has been found in various bacteria, mostly in Enterobacteriaceae and also in some arthropods. The enzyme catalyzes β-elimination of a number of 3-substituted amino acids with good leaving groups, as, for example, Oand S-derivatives of serine and cysteine, 3-chloroalanine [7]. TPL also racemizes alanine [6] and exchanges α-proton with a solvent in some other amino acids [4]. The enzyme catalyzes reverse reaction of the synthesis of tyrosine and its derivatives starting form various phenol and pyruvate derivatives [11]. The mechanism of TPL action consists of several steps [9], main transitions are drawn in Scheme 2. The first step is the formation of external aldimine − the Schiff base between tyrosine and PLP, which is followed by the abstraction of α-proton leading to the quinoid intermediate. Subsequently, ring-1' carbon is protonated and the phenol moiety is converted to cyclohexadieCarbon isotope effects in the studies of the mechanism of action of tyrosine phenol-lyase Wojciech Augustyniak, Ryszard Kanski, Marianna Kanska


AIM
The present study was conducted to identify significant demographic, illness-related, and physiological factors associated with recovery at 1 month after brain injury, and to develop and evaluate a Decision Tree Analysis-based prediction model.

METHODS
This study was conducted using a prospective study design. The study subjects were 190 adult patients with brain injury admitted to the neurological intensive care unit of a university hospital located in Incheon, South Korea. Degree of recovery from brain injury was evaluated 1 month after admission using the Glasgow Outcome Scale.

RESULTS
A prediction model was developed using Decision Tree Analysis. The most significant predictor of recovery at 1 month after brain injury using the devised model was Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, and its optimum cut-off value for the differentiation of good and poor recovery was 8.5. The next best predictors were age and blood glucose level on admission, which had cut-off values of 49.5 years and 155 mg/dL, respectively. In addition, hematoma volume, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate on admission were also found to predict 1 month recovery significantly, with corresponding cut-off values of 44 cc, 168 mmHg, and 29/min, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The developed model includes common and routinely used monitoring parameters as significant predictors, and proposes cut-off values for these predictors. This model appears to be useful for predicting 1 month recovery in various brain injury types. The authors believe that the devised model provides a basis for the evidence-based nursing care of brain injured patients during the acute stage.


The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak is the most serious public health crisis in the world in centuries. In its efforts for the epidemic, China has innovatively used the "health code" as a governing tool. The method has won applauses from many yet raised concerns and discussions from others. This paper reviews the basic concept, origins, contents, functions, use, technical framework, data sources, data management and data transmission of the health code for the pandemic control. It also reports popular evaluations of the effectiveness of the methods, its remaining issues and problems, rooms for improvements. Issues and problems discussed include precise identification and positioning risk groups, realization of efficient supervision of administrative rating and classification, reduction of discretional space, provision of discretional benchmarks, reduction of administrative execution burden, reduction of administrative costs, regional integration and collaboration, digital security, and privacy concerns. The authors then discuss the future implications and prospects of health code for intelligent health management and its potential to lead to other areas of smart city building.


Provided is a method for access to a network after an SIM certifies that a terminal is legal. Different numbers can be used for access to the network in different countries or regions according to the method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps that (1) one or more IMSIs, corresponding secrete keys and other data are written in an SIM card, and the corresponding IMSIs are appointed according to different countries or regions respectively; (2) the terminal obtains a country code MMC of an available operator at current, the country code MMC is sent to the SIM card through an APDU, and in the card, the corresponding IMSI and the corresponding secret key are selected according to the MMC so that the terminal can be authenticated and have access to the network; (3) only when the SIM card certifies that the terminal is legal, can SIM card network access authentication data be processed, and therefore the terminal has access to the network of the operator.


Due to some social and environmental factors to human security in the environment. In particular, urban, economic, social, demographic, informational, polit-ical, psychological, medical, biological, genetic, chemical, military. They greatly affect the health and lives of people somehow alter the quality of the environment. An analysis of the status and importance of awareness or misinformed population as an important component of information security in the country.


The methods used in calibrating, processing, and interpreting Hanford film badge dosimeters are discussed. Topics covered include film processing, densitometry, gamma dose interpretation, film calibration for low energy gamma dose evaluation, the fluorescent x-ray source, and plutonium and soft x-ray dose evaluations. (M.C.G.)


Introduction This book presents methods for spatial data modeling, algorithms, access methods, and query processing. The main focus is on extending DBMS technology to accommodate spatial data. The book also includes spatial methods used in Geographic Information Systems (GISs). Historically, GISs developed separately from Database systems. GISs are specialized in all aspects of spatial data handling including spatial editing, re-projecting coordinate systems, and map display. However, their query abilities generally are limited or require low-level programming. Contrary to GIS software is the approach to include spatial data in DBMSs using ADTs and extensibility.


November Economic Diversity column for the Tri-City Herald - Topic: Social Purpose Corporations - Excerpt below: On March 31, Governor Chris Gregoire made history when she signed HB2239 and created Washington's first alternative for-profit corporate structure, the social purpose corporation, or SPC. The new structure allows for-profit entities to formally strive toward creation of social and environmental good as their top corporate priority. This significantly contrasts with the expectation that traditional companies must put creation of shareholder value first. It signals that Washington State believes corporate leadership should have the flexibility and legal backing to make decisions based on the company's impact on all of its stakeholders rather than on the ability to maximize profits.


With the single function and some technology defects of the existing peanut harvesting machine and oil sally bean harvesting machine,a vibration sieve type multifunctional harvesting machine has been successfully developed,used the modular theory.The concept and features of modularization design is first briefly introduced,and then the machinery design basis,scheme selection and main technical innovation points are described.The modular of the harvesting machine has been divided according to the functional requirements.Finally,the corresponding module of mechanical structure has been designed.


To explore the future development state of urban and rural settlements, we combined random forest algorithm (RFA) and cellular automata (CA) to simulate high precision in urban and rural settlements in Aksu city. The settlement distribution was predicted for the next 10 years, and suggestions for urban and rural settlements were proposed based on a "production–life–ecology" space. The results show the following: Transportation factors and administrative location have an important influence on the development of settlements, and infrastructure has a greater impact on the development of settlements. The overall accuracy of the 2019 settlement distribution obtained through the RFA–CA model simulation is 93.8%, with a G-mean coefficient of 0.815. The simulation accuracy is better and more suitable for the simulation and prediction of settlement expansion than the logistic-CA model. The forecasted settlement expansion in 2029 for Aksu city is 58.36 km2 of settlement expansion compared to the 2019 settlement distribution, with an overall growth trend for sparse north-south and dense central areas. This study analyzed the causes of settlement expansion in 19 regions of Aksu city, explored the main function of "production–life–ecology" space in different areas, and proposed layout optimizations from the perspective of production, life, and ecology. The results of this study can provide a reference for the spatial planning and rural revitalization strategy of Aksu city.


Abstract The primary element of the Coriolis flowmeter is a measuring tube conveying fluid. While the tube in the classical meter undergoes a beam-type vibration, the shell-type tube vibrates in the second circumferential mode. This paper analyzes theoretical characteristics of the straight-tube shell-type Coriolis meter. A mathematical model founded on the theory of Flugge thin shell and linearized potential flow was used. The results show the similarity between measuring principles in the shell-type and the beam-type meter. Finally, we carried out a comparison with the straight-tube beam-type meter, based on the condition that both meters have the same pressure loss. It was found that the shell-type meter has a higher working frequency and a larger phase shift due to flow.


The background and significance of research in the field of ultra high cycle fatigue are introduced in the paper.Main research achievements obtained in recent years,including its characteristics such as S-N curve,fatigue crack initiation,initiation mechanism,influencing factors of ultra high fatigue behaviors are summarized.In addition,the conventional experimental methods and future research tasks of ultra high cycle fatigue are discussed.


Despite a huge leap in performance of face recognition systems in recent years, some cases remain challenging for them while being trivial for humans. This is because a human brain is exploiting much more information than the face appearance to identify a person. In this work, we aim at capturing the social context of unlabeled observed faces in order to improve face retrieval. In particular, we propose a framework that substantially improves face retrieval by exploiting the faces occurring simultaneously in a query's context to infer a multi-dimensional social context descriptor. Combining this compact structural descriptor with the individual visual face features in a common feature vector considerably increases the correct face retrieval rate and allows to disambiguate a large proportion of query results of different persons that are barely distinguishable visually. To evaluate our framework, we also introduce a new large dataset of faces of French TV personalities organised in TV shows in order to capture the co-occurrence relations between people. On this dataset, our framework is able to improve the mean Average Precision over a set of internal queries from 67.93% (using only facial features extracted with a state-of-the-art pre-trained model) to 78.16% (using both facial features and faces co-occurrences), and from 67.88% to 77.36% over a set of external queries.


Butt-welding A3003 aluminum alloys, penetration instability has been observed. The cause of penetration instability was studied and countermeasures were established. A slab laser was used for carrying out the welding experiment in order to exclude instability factors such as changes of the laser beam product. The laser beam product of slab lasers is constant in all power range. The penetration instability was observed at any combination of laser pulse width, laser peak power and laser focusing angle. To prevent the penetration instability of A3003 a high peak power, short width pulse was added before a usual rectangular pulse is effective. This short pre pulse does not melt aluminum alloy A3003.Butt-welding A3003 aluminum alloys, penetration instability has been observed. The cause of penetration instability was studied and countermeasures were established. A slab laser was used for carrying out the welding experiment in order to exclude instability factors such as changes of the laser beam product. The laser beam product of slab lasers is constant in all power range. The penetration instability was observed at any combination of laser pulse width, laser peak power and laser focusing angle. To prevent the penetration instability of A3003 a high peak power, short width pulse was added before a usual rectangular pulse is effective. This short pre pulse does not melt aluminum alloy A3003.


When James calls me, to tell me he has again married, I am already a new woman. I'm living in a new city, with a new job, and new friends, most of whom don't know him or understand that I was almost a mother. I wear zippy clothes—money in my pocket—and frequent all the co√ee shops in my neighborhood—time on my hands. But a few days later, when it is his youngest son's tenth birthday, I wonder again how it is I am this new woman. Where is the other one? She is still here. Sometimes I see her, peeking out, watching me laugh with my new friends. She hovers over my bent head and brushes back the hair from my temple—unsure of whom else to care for. Like a ghost that can't cross over, she stands beside me in line at the grocery store when I buy Lean Cuisine and blueberries and yogurt. She stands beside me while this girl at the gym explains how her son is wetting the bed. We hold our tongue thinking of the time James and I bought that used washer and dryer because of his oldest son and how we then had to move it from house to house.


This paper studied the impacts of policy uncertainty on demand for US Treasuries across different types of investors. Our paper demonstrates that US policy uncertainty plays a crucial role in determining demand for US Treasuries. Related findings are as follows: First, investors tend to raise demand for US Treasuries in response to an increase in policy uncertainty. Second, the effects are particularly clear and statistically significant for long-term institutional investors including pension funds, government retirement funds, mutual funds other than money market, and insurance companies. Third, the reactions of such investors is 1.3~3.5 times greater when policy uncertainty is overall high than when it is low. The results are robust with respect to controls and specifications. In short, long-term investors tend to put more weight on the disutility from uncertainty related to exogenous policy changes, which is furthered when the uncertainty level is overall high.


A pharmaceutical composition or a combination drug, comprising as active ingredients (a) a coordination compound composed of a block copolymer represented by the following formula I or formula II and cisplatin: ** ** Formula wherein R1 represents independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may be substituted with a functional group selected from a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an aldehyde group, an amino group, a mercapto group and an optionally protected maleimido group, a independently represents NH, CO , R5 (CH2) p R 6 or a direct bond, R5 represents O, OCO, OCONH, NHCO, NHCOO, NHCONH, CONH or COO, R6 represents NH or CO, p represents an integer of 1 to 6, R2 independently represents an atom hydrogen, an alkali metal, an alkyl group or an aralkyl group, R3 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or hydrophobic residue, m independently represents an integer from 40 to 450, and n independently represents an integer hydrochloride 20 to 80, and (b) gemcitabine.


Many techniques used and still in usage for solving the problem of islanding detection are intrinsically passive, active, or hybrid of both. Each one of them has its own benefits and drawbacks. In this paper, we propose a method, which takes the advantage of a machine learning (ML)-based algorithm, namely, support vector machine (SVM), in order to produce the results more efficiently. The results of the simulations based on the model and experimentally measured parameters of a real-life practical photovoltaic (PV) plant give much better output than the traditional reported methods. During the tests and simulations, an additional problem, namely, grid fault, emerged, posing new challenges for the proposed method. Occurrences of islanding and grid fault are grouped together with the same kernel dimension and no custom hyperplane bordering. Discrimination between islanding and grid fault events is an essential dilemma, which is handled by the proposed SVM-based algorithm to achieve more precision in islanding detection and simultaneously detect the grid faults authentically. Nondetection zones (NDZs) and detection time (DT) are tested using two dimensions, namely, the generated active energy from PV plant (0%–110% of $P_{n}$ ) and distribution network voltage levels (±10% of $U_{n}$ ). Simulations based on the model and parameters of a real-life practical PV power plant are performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and several tests are executed for several scenarios. Finally, comparisons with previously reported techniques prove the effectiveness, authenticity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision of the proposed islanding and grid fault detection strategy with allowable impact on power quality according to UL1741 and its superiority over other methods.


Listed buildings are buildings or structures that are considered to have special architectural, cultural or historical significance. Find out about listed buildings and scheduled monuments in Wyre


This research aims to determine the effect of applying learning model of reading guide with blog contextual content media on students majoring in history at IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. The sample in this research is the students of history class 2017 IKIP Budi Utomo Malang.This research is a kind of Quasi experimental design and this research including with pre-test and post-test control group design.The research of African history learning with the model of reading guide with media blog contextual content is stated enough to give effect even in low level. This is indicated by: (1) the students' critical thinking ability exceeds minimalcompletenesseither individually or classically, (2) the critical thinking skill of students who are given the model of reading guide with contextual content blog media is better than the class given conventional learning, (3) variable Reading Guide sig = 0.087 = 8.7%> 5%, so H0 is accepted, meaning that the reading guide has no influence on the variable of critical thinking ability, but Blog Contextual content variable there is positive influence with index sig = 0,030 = 0% <5% so H0 is rejected, it means Contextual Content Blog has influence to critical thinking ability variable or together between reading guide model and blog contextual content media to critical thinking ability, and (4) improvement of critical thinking ability of students who are given learning model of reading guide with media blog contextual content is better than the class that is given conventional learning.


OBJECTIVES
To relate blockage of the urinary catheter to urine chemistry.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Of 44 patients (age range 19-72 years) with an indwelling urinary catheter, 21 were troubled by frequent blockage and 23 experienced no blockage. Variation in urinary pH and calcium concentration were determined during a 24 h period and related to the occurrence of blockage using discriminant analysis.

RESULTS
The maximum pH and calcium concentrations observed, or the maximum discriminant factors calculated, correctly discriminated 91% of patients (95% CI, 78-97%).

CONCLUSION
Attention to volume and variability of fluid intake by the patient should have a major impact on the incidence of blockage of the indwelling urinary catheter.


This research is about grammatical cohesion analysis used in Campus English Magazine vol. 53/ XII/ 2013. The objectives are 1) to describe the variations of types of grammatical cohesion that can be found in Campus English Magazine vol. 53/ XII/ 2013 and 2) to reveal the frequency of occurance of the type of grammatical cohesion that can be found in Campus English Magazine vol. 53/ XII/ 2013.
In this research, the writer uses a descriptive qualitative as the type of the research. The data are texts including grammatical cohesion that can be found in Campus English Magazine vol. 53/ XII/ 2013. He applies observation and documentation methods to collect the data.
Based on the result of the analysis, the writer describes 960 grammatical cohesion in Campus English Magazine vol. 53/ XII/ 2013. Based on the result of the analysis, the dominant types of cohesion that occured is reference. The use of reference as the dominant type of cohesion because the data sources of research are the articles that basically bring the some information to the reader. So that there, will be an object that informed within the article that uses pronoun and determiner to refer that object. Besides, there are also identified substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction.
Keywords: grammatical cohesion, reference, substitution, ellispsis, conjunction.


To the Editor: Apropos of Vander Ploeg and Stagnone's report of eyebrow alopecia in secondary syphilis [Eyebrow Alopecia in Secondary Syphilis,Arch Derm90:172 (Aug), 1964], it seems too bad not to record the fact that this phenomenon was known to French syphilologists at the turn of the century as Pautrier's signe d'omnibus , "the omnibus sign," or the sign which could be seen by a glance at a patient in an omnibus— from the sidewalk, perhaps !


The emergency room is where you go when you need immediate expert care. It may surprise many Canadians to learn that [most doctors][1] providing that care aren't certified formally in emergency medicine.

Whether they ought to be, and what qualifications they need, is a matter of debate within the


Body dimensions are used to characterise livestock species. Factor analysis is a multivariate technique for examining the interrelationship among a set of variables that are correlated. Factor analysis was used to describe body conformation of Nigerian indigenous turkeys in this study. The biometric traits of Nigerian indigenous turkeys were measured at 20 th week of age and subjected to PROC FACTOR of SAS using varimax criterion of orthogonal rotation method. The highest Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94 was observed between wing length and wing span. Three factors accounted for 87.41% of the total variance. The first factor accounted for 50.23% of the total variance, the second factor accounted for 24.39% while the third factor accounted for 12.79% of the total variance. The communality ranged from 0.77 in body weight to 0.98 in breast girth. All the biometric traits studied were very effective in explaining body conformation in Nigerian indigenous turkeys. Three factors explained all the biometric traits of Nigerian indigenous turkeys. The first factor explained body weight, body length, shank length, thigh length and keel length. The second factor explained wing parts while the third factor explained only the breast girth. It can therefore be concluded that the three factors obtained in this study described body conformation of Nigerian indigenous turkeys.


Considering demagnetization effects,the relationship between effective magnetic field of particles and applied field is firstly obtained.Then treating the magnetostriction of particulate as an eigenstrain and taking the relationships between magnetostriction and elasticity modulus of Terfenol-D particulate and effective field into consideration,the average magnetostriction and effective elasticity modulus of epoxy-bonded Terfenol-D composites under any applied field as well as saturation magnetic field are calculated based on Eshelby equivalent inclusion and Mori-Tanaka method.The results indicate that saturation magnetostriction of magnetostrictive composites increases with increasing of particle aspect ratio,particle volume fraction and decreasing of elasticity modulus of matrix.Effective elasticity modulus increases with increasing of particle volume fraction,particle aspect ratio and elasticity modulus of matrix.Besides,the saturation magnetic field decreases with increasing particle aspect ratio and volume fraction.Elasticity modulus of magnetostrictive composites increases with increasing applied field.The influence of applied field on magnetostriction and elasticity modulus of the composites is more significant when particle volume fraction or particle aspect ratio is larger.


The 19th century saw sweeping changes for the development of astrobiology, both in the constituency of empirical science encroaching upon all aspects of life and in the evolution of ideas, with Lyell's Principles of Geology radically raising expectation of the true age of the Earth and the drama of Darwinism questioning biblically literalist accounts of natural history. This paper considers the popular culture spun on the crackling loom of the emergent aspects of astrobiology of the day: Edward Bulwer-Lytton's The Coming Race (1871), which foretold the race of the future, and satirist Samuel Butler's anticipation of machine intelligence, 'Darwin Among the Machines', in his Erewhon (1872). Finally, we look at the way Darwin, Huxley and natural selection travelled into space with French astronomer Camille Flammarion's immensely popular Récits de l'infini (Stories of Infinity, 1872), and the social Darwinism of H.G. Wells' The Time Machine (1895) and The War of the Worlds (1898). These works of popular culture presented an effective and inspiring communication of science; their crucial discourse was the reducible gap between the new worlds uncovered by science and exploration and the fantastic strange worlds of the imagination. As such they exemplify a way in which the culture and science of popular astrobiology can be fused.


When a steel spiral case is embedded with its top portion covered with a compressible membrane,the membrane is probably responsible for weakening the hold of concrete on the steel spiral case.That may have an influence on the contact between the steel spiral case and the concrete,and even cause a gap between them.First,this paper discussed potential origins of gaps from the view of statics.Then,FEM-based nonlinear numerical simulations were performed to clarify key structural factors influencing the contact state.The results of this study indicate that three structural factors play leading roles in weakening the hold of concrete.They are:(1)a weak friction between a steel spiral case and concrete;(2)a wide membrane-covered range in c-cross-sections and(3)a small compression stiffness of a membrane.However,routine values of parameters concerning the above first two factors do not have significant effect on the contact state.Correspondingly,the contact state is dependent on the third factor mentioned above markedly.In general,therefore,it seems that appropriately reducing a membrane's compression stiffness is a compromise but useful design technique.It will be constructive in ensuring the integrity of a hydropower house substructure.


In this paper, a triband low-profile short-circuited suspended patch antenna combined with a polycrystalline silicon solar cell working as a radiating patch element is proposed for 2.3/2.5/2.8/3.3/3.5 GHz band WiMAX and 2.4 GHz band WLAN networks. The fabricated multifunctional solar antenna offers measured impedance bandwidths of 230, 130 and 280 MHz at the resonance frequencies of 2.4, 2.8 and 3.45 GHz with measured gains of 7.4, 7.8 and 7.6 dBi respectively. The proposed solar antenna generates a measured open circuit voltage of 0.595 V with a short circuit current of 602 mA as a result of the photovoltaic effect, operating with a calculated solar efficiency of 13.22% and providing a DC power output of 0.238 W.


The invention relates to a seal ring rubber material and a mixing method thereof. The mixing method comprises the following steps: carrying out crude rubber laminating and roller covering: adding 1-1.5 parts of aflux-42 serving as a processing agent and 1.5-2 parts of TM-80 serving as a mould release agent into 100 parts of fluororubber serving as crude rubber; mixing the above components of the rubber material for about 1 minute at the roller temperature of 40-45 DEG C, and adding 4-6 parts of activated magnesia serving as an acceptor; evenly mixing, adding 30-40 parts of a reinforcing agent which contains aramid pulp fiber; evenly mixing once again, adding 1-1.5 parts of bisphenol AF serving as a vulcanizing agent and 1-0.5 part of tert-butyl peroxypivalate (BPP) serving as an accelerator; and finally adding 5-7 parts of calcium hydroxide, packaging into a cornucopla for three or four times after all compounding ingredients are consumed up under the roller temperature of below 55 DEG C, adjusting the roller distance to be less than 0.55mm, rolling the dropped rubber for five or six times, and discharging. The seal ring rubber material has the advantages of rapid vulcanization speed of fluororubber, high production efficiency and low rejection rate.


The pre‐TCR, which is minimally composed of the TCRβ chain, the pre‐Tα chain, and the CD3 complex, regulates early T cell development. The pre‐Tα chain is a 33‐kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular part similar to the constant domain of the immunoglobulin supergene family. We have sequenced (11 kb) the human pTα gene, which like the murine pTα gene consists of four exons: exon 1 encodes the 5 ′ untranslated region, the leader peptide and the first three amino acids of the mature protein, exon 2 the extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)‐like domain, exon 3 a 15‐amino acid peptide including a cysteine required for heterodimerization with TCRβ, exon 4 the transmembrane region, the cytoplasmic tail and the 3 ′ untranslated sequence. The human pTα gene is located on chromosome 6p21.3, close to the HLA‐A locus. Reverse transcription‐PCR studies with human thymus and leukemic cells showed that alternative splicing produces a shorter pTα isoform, which lacks the Ig‐like domain but contains the transmembrane elements and the extracytoplasmic cystein and which could thus permit pairing with TCRβ chain and association with CD3 molecules. The conserved splice sites suggest a yet ill‐defined biological function of the short pTα protein.


This paper discusses the basic techniques of search engine and the rationality,effectiveness and feasibility of applying them to the vocational teaching.Issues such as how to apply them to course teaching eg.Data Structure is also explored.


Numerous hot water or steam injection projects have been restricted or prevented entirely by a lack of suitable fresh water. Fresh water supplies may become even more restricted in the future. These studies, which are continuing, should provide some of the water treatment answers necessary to permit use of waters and brines now considered unsuitable as feed to conventional heaters and steam generators. The pilot steam generator used in this research was designed to provide steam at up to 600$F with heat transfer of at least 15,000 BTU's per sq ft pr hr. All steam is confined to 1/2- or 3/8-in. tubes. Areas of study include corrosion and scale deposition as well as treating processes for their control. The first studies were to determine the effect of an ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) compound on corrosion in a system of 500$F 80% steam. The presence of the EDTA compound, in any concentration, increased corrosion rates. Above 25 ppm EDTA the attack become severe with pitting at points of turbulence. The effect was the same whether the compound was in the free or chelated form. If EDTA is to be used, 10 ppm active ingredient is considered as the safe uppermore » limit.« less


Research was conducted to investigate (1) the origin of the correlation which exists between the charging of insulators and their properties (breakdown, fracture toughness, wear, etc.); (2) the origin of the analogy which exists between electric properties and mechanical properties of insulators; and (3) the origin of electron and photoemissions which occur prior to or at the instant of the catastrophe (breakdown, fracture). A theoretical approach to charging and discharging phenomena has made it possible to develop an experimental method giving characteristic dielectric parameters: permittivity, distribution of defects, and energy which can be dissipated inside the insulator without initiating a catastrophe. This method was used to correlate these parameters with the breakdown voltage of oxides and of polymers, and with mechanical properties of ceramics. New high performance materials were prepared.<<ETX>>


Si doped (In,Ga)N nanowires (In content up to 0.4) are grown on Si(111) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. By increasing the Si doping level, coalescence between nanowires is reduced and a more uniform morphology is obtained. The Raman spectra from highly doped samples show a characteristic broad band in the optical phonon frequency range, which became more prominent at higher doping levels. This Raman band can be explained by plasmon-phonon scattering from a free electron gas with strong wave-vector nonconservation, providing evidence for successful n-type doping. The measured plasmon-phonon modes are explained by lineshape simulations taking into account the simultaneous contribution of both the charge-density fluctuation and the impurity induced Frohlich scattering mechanisms. The according lineshape analysis allows for an estimate of the carrier concentration.


The paper presents a mathematical model for behaviour of a rail string segment bound by several railway sleepers. The model makes it possible to account for prestressing due to joining rail sections into a string, for anisotropic properties of the rail-and-sleeper assembly, and effects caused by the rolling stock for various initial loading conditions. We considered eleven functions describing wheel--rail contact. These functions enable us to select the most accurate model to describe the effects that vehicles have on railway segments that may differ in design specifics, mechanical properties of materials used, operation modes, and the presence of flaws on the rail tread and wheelset tread. The wave equations used to describe the behaviour of a rail string segment can simulate the process of elastic wave propagation after wheelset contact takes place, which is considerable in the case of high vehicle velocities. The investigation conducted allowed us to plot the wheel--rail interaction force for various contact models. The functions specified make it possible to select the optimum force ratio, taking into account the following: geometrical, mechanical and design parameters of the railway segment; operation modes; and the functions sought for in terms of obtaining the desired maximum contact force, contact duration, and loading and relief times


The relationship between the time course of absorption, metabolism, and excretion of a drug and the time course of pharmacologic effects due to the drug is of importance in ations have led to a re-examination of some of the data reported recently by


The aim of the research implemented for the purpose of this thesis was describing the gay men's experience and consequences ofcoming out, focusing on the context of family, friends and colleagues. The thesis is based on the importance of sexual identity on an individual level and is therefore based on Stryker's theory of the relationship between emotional reactions and identities, and on the problem of homosexual identity and heteronormative society. In the researchwas applied a semi-structured interview method with five younger educated gay men currently living in urban area. The research results have shown the negative impact of heterosexist environments on the process of excepting their own sexual orientation, highlighting the following factors: media stereotypical presentation of gay characters and persons, lack of LGBT theme in the family and the media, the presence of homophobia in the immediate community and the LGBT community and fear of consequences of coming out. The participants pointed to the significance of coming out at the individual level (process of self-definition and self-acceptance) and at the social level (activist act). Results have shown that the coming out is most significant in the context of the family, but also the most stressful, while coming out in the professionalcontext is not considered necessary, as in the circle of family and friends. Support was defined as an important part in the process of self-acceptance and was best experienced by friends. The participants expressed their critical views on the Croatian society which they described as homophobic, offering different examples of homophobia in society.


The invention relates to a colloidal gold detection technology, in particular to an indirectly-marked kit for detection of drug residues in food and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of rapid detection of food safety. The kit for detection of drug residues in food comprises a detection plate and a gold-marked micro hole, wherein the detection plate comprises a carrier film and a colloidal gold binding pad, the colloidal gold binding pad is attached to one end of the carrier film, and the gold-marked micro hole is coated by a binder of a monoclonal antibody and colloidal gold; and the carrier film is provided with a detection area and a quality control area, the detection area is fixedly provided with a specific binding antigen, and the quality control area is fixedly provided with a secondary antibody. By adopting an indirect method for marking, marking damage to the specific antibody can be avoided, the consumption of the specific antibody can be reduced, and the specificity and sensitivity of the product can be improved.


Old road signs, especially larger, sturdier ones whose support structures are still intact but whose vintage lettering and neon are either too decayed or too problematically specific to preserve offer public art programs an opportunity to rethink three-dimensional public artworks as sites more akin to galleries than stand-alone, immutable works of genius. Valued artworks are still assumed to be the product of unique, individual perspectives, and detractors of public art often consider the genre a lesser form because it necessarily involves legal limitations, institutional approval and revision processes, and thus multiple or communal perspectives that "dilute" the artwork. Empty road signs as sites for public art provide a unique opportunity to model an inclusive public art approach that also values historic continuity, a palimpsest of sorts that leaves traces of the past as well as room for new eruptions.


Assembly of turret (2) and disconnectable buoy (3), in which the turret at its lower end and the buoy at its upper end are provided with mating coupling provisions. The coupling provisions comprise an annular projection (4) protruding from one of the turret and buoy towards the other of the turret and buoy and a correspondingly shaped annular recess (5) on the other of the turret and buoy for receiving the annular projection. The annular projection has a base (6) which is wider than a top (7) thereof, whereas the annular recess has a top (8) which is wider than a base (9) thereof.


With the soft clay samples of the 4th soil layer in Shanghai prepared by isotropic compression and K0 compression respectively,some mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) tests were carried out to investigate the microstructural characteristics of the volumetric deformation of clay under different compression stresses.By analyzing and comparing the pore size distribution curves(PSDC) obtained from MIP tests,some conclusions are drawn as follows.The pores in tested clay can be divided into macropore,mesopore,fine pore and micropore;where the fine pores account most on the volumetric deformation of clay;under the isotropic compression state,the soil particles move and get closer to each other with the development of compression,which make the main peak according to fine pores moves towards left(become smaller) with the pore shape unchanged in PSDC.While under the K0 compression state,the soil particles rotate and the pores become flat,which presents that the peak value of fine pores in PSDC drops down evidently.


This study explores the applicability of general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway in painless bronchoscopy and its impact on the sense of comfort and satisfaction. Using the random number table method, we divided 101 elderly patients with respiratory disease who underwent bronchoscopy into two groups, with one group receiving intravenous general anesthesia (IVGA) and the other group receiving laryngeal mask airway general anesthesia (LMAGA). Their vital signs, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2), were compared and we also examined their perioperative adverse effects and assessed the sense of comfort and satisfaction. There were no significant differences in vital signs, including HR, MAP and SpO2, between the two groups before anesthesia (T0). However, at T1 and T2, the HR of patients in the LMAGA group was significantly lower than that of the IVGA group. Additionally, the MAP and SpO2 levels in the LMAGA group were significantly higher than those in the IVGA group. The LMAGA group also demonstrated significantly shorter surgical duration and faster recovery from anesthesia than the IVGA group. Furthermore, the LMAGA group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of adverse effects and a notable increase in comfort and satisfaction compared to the IVGA group. LMAGA demonstrates a significant anesthetic effect in painless bronchoscopy, effectively improving the patient's vital signs, reducing the duration of the operation and anesthetic recovery time, lowering the occurrence of perioperative adverse reactions, and enhancing the overall sense of comfort and satisfaction.


Molar excess volumes, molar excess isentropic compressions, and molar excess isobaric heat capacities for binary liquid mixtures of methanol with 2-methylpropanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol have been determined at 298.15 K. The concentration dependence and magnitude of these thermodynamic functions are quite different from those of the methanol – 1-butanol system, which had been previously determined. Molar excess volumes for two of the present systems are positive over the whole concentration range, except for the 2-methyl-2-propanol system. For the latter system they are negative in the butanol-rich range. Molar excess isentropic compressions of these systems show slightly different concentration dependence from that of the excess volumes, but the order in magnitude resembles that of the excess volumes. Molar excess isobaric heat capacities for all systems are negative and show simple concentration dependence. The minimum values of excess heat capacities are correlated with the magnitude of mol...


Experimental study and numerical model for the thermo-mechanical properties in continuous casting (CC) of Cu-Al alloys is presented. This is a prerequ


The present study investigated the motivational factors, behavioral regulations based on self-determination theory framework, and the relationships between basic psychological need satisfaction and actual exercise behaviors of CrossFit and resistance training (RT) participants. A total of 493 subjects (males = 351, females = 148), RT (n = 365, 279 males, 86 females) and CrossFit (n = 128, 69 males, 59 females) completed an online questionnaire. Results indicated that CrossFit participants presented higher levels of enjoyment, stress management, social recognition, affiliation, competition, and weight management. Conversely, RT participants reported higher motive for appearance. Intrinsic motivation to exercise was significantly higher in CrossFit, whereas RT participants scored higher controlled motivation. There was no significant difference between weekly exercise volume between groups; therefore, correlation and mediation analysis were conducted with pooled data. Autonomy and competence were significantly associated with more autonomous forms of motivation. Exercise frequency and weekly exercise volume were positively related to intrinsic motivation. When examining the mediating model, competence and intrinsic motivation were found to mediate the relationship between enjoyment and weekly exercise volume. Our results support the relationship among psychological needs satisfaction, intrinsic motivation, and exercise behavior in CrossFit and RT participants. Exercise professionals can encourage individuals to seek self-determined and personally meaningful exercise benefits to promote long-term exercise adherence in fitness centers.


Time Delay Control for systems with unknown dynamics involves estimations. In its present form, these estimations include not only the interpolation of a time varying function but also its derivative between data points. This paper first reformulates the control law taking into account the computation delay. Then, a window-shifting scheme is devised to view n data points as they are sampled in order to perform the function estimation. At each new sampling time the window shifts to include the new data point as well as the last n-1 points. Several interpolation methods are considered. These methods use data points from a sampled function to construct a polynomial estimate of the function. The control system performance was exerimentally tested using a servosystem.


Purpose – The Covid-19 pandemic amplified the need for Service-Dominant Logic scholars to investigate the adoption of technologies which enhance relation building, group interactions, knowledge sharing and creation across organizational and geographic boundaries. The social distances imposed by the current pandemic spurred, in fact, Higher Education Organizations (HEOs) to rethink their delivery and use services. E-learning has, therefore, become the vector of the relationship between the organization and the "consumers" of those services. This underlines the need to focus on essential service provision, and on the technological means to deliver them. Never as much as in this moment, it is necessary that e-learning tools know-how is balanced and shared by both the service provider (teacher) and user (student). Otherwise, asymmetrical interactions with elearning platforms could generate critical issue on judging both quality and contents of the service itself. Therefore, the aim of this study is to build a Microsoft Teams usability self-assessment index to be used in future quantitative researches. To provide the academy with an empirical tool on its use, the research proposes an in-depth exploration of Teams basic components, because of its current adoption within different HEOs for the service education use and delivery.


Context: Recruiting research participants representing all genders and race/ethnicities for medical research presents a unique challenge. Despite the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act mandating the inclusion of women and minorities in all federally-funded research studies, recruitment of these populations remains an ongoing struggle. Objective: This study examined gender and racial/ethnic differences in research interest in participating in PBRN studies focused on cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, and mental health research. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study design. Simple and multiple logistic regressions predicted interest in research topics. Setting or Dataset: The North Texas Primary Care Registry Project (NRP) is a database of participants willing to be contacted for NorTex research projects. A total of 1,348 participants and 18 NorTex clinics were included in this analysis (data collected August 2008 - July 17, 2020). Population Studied: Participants who self-reported as non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, or non-Hispanic black were included in this analysis. Outcome Measures: Research interest


Abstract. Data on a large sample (~400) of candidates for the classical Algol-type eclipsing binary configurations have been collected. The mass-ratio q has been calculated on the assumption of their semi-detached nature, and then compared with corresponding period for some subsets of the sample. The tendency to slight overluminosity (compared with corresponding MS stars) of the primaries in classical Algols is confirmed. The role of the loss of angular momentum in classical Algol evolution is considered, together with a method for determining representative parameters to characterize such effects using the sample data. The possible existence of a class of post-contact classical Algols is noted.


San Francisco - It can be the best of times and the worst of times in any surgical setting, but the pitfalls of liposuction should be enough to scare the dickens out of practicing surgeons.


Correspondence: G. Maartens, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Anzio Rd, Observatory 7925, South Africa (email@example.com). Clinical Infectious Diseases 2022;XX(XX):0–0 © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab804 Corrigendum to: CYP2B6 Genotype and Weight Gain Differences Between Dolutegravir and Efavirenz


From explanation: The data used to make this map were taken from many sources and include water levels from different years and seasons. An effort was made to use data that represented average water levels.


A strong pulse electromagnetic field was employed to treat the surface layer of several metal materials. The results showed that the treatment of the strong pulse electromagnetic field could modify the microstructure of the region around the crack on the 45# steel surface. It could also make the recovery process occur in the scratch on the brass surface, and make the surface layer of the Wood's alloy melt in a very shot time. These results indicated that the strong electromagnetic pulse could be developed as an effective non-contact method for the metal surface processing.


Hypothesis / aims of study Little is known about the distribution, severity, and management of catheter-related problems in people with long-term indwelling urinary catheters. The specific aims were to: (1) determine the incidence and distribution of catheter-related problems in long-term indwelling urinary catheter users (urethral and suprapubic); (2) assess appropriateness of catheter use; and (3) examine relationships among catheter complications and catheter care practices.


To provide service for local economic construction and social development by cultivating talents,conducting scientific research and cultural serive has become the mission of the survival and development of local universities.Newly-founded university is suggested to makes clear managerial guiding ideology,display local special features,expand and innovate social service to build it into a cultural center,a booster to promote local economic construction and social progress.


The correlation of EBV infection and the expression of the c-erbB-2 gene in patients with gastric carcinoma was investigated, in which the EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER1) was detected from the paraffine section specimens of patients with gastric carcinoma by means of in situ hybridization, and the expressions of the C-erbB-2 protein was analyzed in EBV-positive and negative cases of patients by immunohistochemical assays. From the 217 cases selected, 23 cases were found to be EBER1-positive in the tissue specimens of gastric cancer patients, and the expression of C-erbB-2 protein was significantly higher in the EBV-positive cases than that in the EBV-negative cases. It is evident that EBV infection can up-regulate the expression of the oncogene c-erbB-2 in patients with gastric carcinoma.


In 2017, according to the decision of the Department of State Policy in the field of education of children and youth of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, a project called the All-Russian counselor school was launched on the basis of Moscow Pedagogical State University. The article analyzes some results of a sociological survey of MPGU students who had pedagogical practice in the summer of 2019 in organizations of recreation and health improvement of children. Channels for informing students about various practice bases, conditions created for the organization of practice, difficulties experienced by students, etc. are considered. As a result of the study, a conclusion was drawn on the relevance of improving the system of additional continuing education of participants in student teaching teams, recommendations are given on how to improve the organization of summer teaching practice and assess the quality of training students for counseling activities.


Research was performed to determine in vitro the amount of rumen escape protein in mainly concentrate feedstuffs by incubation with a proteolytic enzyme preparation of Streptomyces griseus, with 24 feed samples with known in situ crude protein degradation characteristics. A close correlation (R 2 = 0.75) was found between the percentage of escape protein, calculated from the in situ and the in vitro methods. However, the percentage escape protein in situ could be estimated with a greater accuracy (R 2 = 0.80) using the undegraded fraction determined in vitro after 24 h incubation. Expressing escape protein as g kg -1 DM instead of a percentage, further improved the correlation with the amount of escape protein in situ (R 2 = 0.95). The amount of escape protein in situ could be estimated with similar accuracy from the undegraded crude protein fraction determined in vitro after 24 h incubation (R 2 = 0.92). Estimation of the amount of escape protein in situ did not improve with pre-incubation of the samples with amylase and carbohydrate degrading enzymes.


Objectives: This is a preliminary study investigating the efficacy of aromatase inhibitor letrozol on endometrial histology in patients with disordered proliferative endometrium or simple hyperplasia.


Etomidate and propofol are potent general anesthetics that act via GABAA receptor allosteric co-agonist sites located at transmembrane β+/α− inter-subunit interfaces. Early experiments in heteromeric receptors identified βN265 (M2-15′) on β2 and β3 subunits as an important determinant of sensitivity to these drugs. Mechanistic analyses suggest that substitution with serine, the β1 residue at this position, primarily reduces etomidate efficacy, while mutation to methionine eliminates etomidate sensitivity and might prevent drug binding. However, the βN265 residue has not been photolabeled with analogs of either etomidate or propofol. Furthermore, substituted cysteine modification studies find no propofol protection at this locus, while etomidate protection has not been tested. Thus, evidence of contact between βN265 and potent anesthetics is lacking and it remains uncertain how mutations alter drug sensitivity. In the current study, we first applied heterologous α1β2N265Cγ2L receptor expression in Xenopus oocytes, thiol-specific aqueous probe modification, and voltage-clamp electrophysiology to test whether etomidate inhibits probe reactions at the β-265 sidechain. Using up to 300 µM etomidate, we found both an absence of etomidate effects on α1β2N265Cγ2L receptor activity and no inhibition of thiol modification. To gain further insight into anesthetic insensitive βN265M mutants, we applied indirect structure-function strategies, exploiting second mutations in α1β2/3γ2L GABAA receptors. Using α1M236C as a modifiable and anesthetic-protectable site occupancy reporter in β+/α− interfaces, we found that βN265M reduced apparent anesthetic affinity for receptors in both resting and GABA-activated states. βN265M also impaired the transduction of gating effects associated with α1M236W, a mutation that mimics β+/α− anesthetic site occupancy. Our results show that βN265M mutations dramatically reduce the efficacy/transduction of anesthetics bound in β+/α− sites, and also significantly reduce anesthetic affinity for resting state receptors. These findings are consistent with a role for βN265 in anesthetic binding within the β+/α− transmembrane sites.


The correct value of aerodynamic admittance is the precondition for the refined analysis of bridge buffeting.Currently,the aerodynamic admittance functions suitable for the actual conditions of bridges can be only recognized in wind tunnel tests.Through the wind tunnel test,the aerodynamic admittance of the ∏-shape main girder cross section of a long span bridge is studied and the theory used in the study is the equivalent aerodynamic admittance method.The variation laws of the aerodynamic admittance of the girder cross section are investigated,the three admittance curves obtained in the test are fitted and the expressions for the fitted admittance curves are established.The results of the experiment demonstrate that the drag and lift aerodynamic admittance functions of the cross section have the tendency to decrease with the increase of the reduction frequency while for the moment aerodynamic admittance,the admittance is in the tendency to increase first and decrease late.The Sears function adopted in the present bridge codes has considerable errors when used for the buffeting analysis of the ∏-shape main girder cross sections of bridges.


Neurotropic virus tracers, particularly those with low toxicity and high efficient tracing, are powerful tools for structural and functional dissections of neural circuits. The retrograde trans-mono-synaptic technology based on rabies virus CVS-N2c strain has reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced efficiency, attains long-term gene manipulation for functional studies, but suffers from difficult preparation and low yield. To overcome these shortcomings, an improved production system was established for rapid rescue and preparation of CVS-N2c-ΔG virus, CVS-N2c-ΔG with the same titer as SAD-B19-ΔG can be prepared within a short time. Meanwhile, we found that N2cG coated CVS-N2c-ΔG allows efficient retrograde access to projection neurons, and further expand its application in VTA/SNc to DLS pathway that unaddressed by rAAV9-Retro, and the efficiency is 6 folds higher than that of rAAV9-Retro. Then the trans-synaptic efficiency of CVS-N2c-ΔG virus was evaluated. Results showed that the trans-mono-synaptic efficiency of oG-mediated CVS-N2c-ΔG was 2-3 folds higher than that of oG-mediated SAD-B19-ΔG, but there was no difference between oG-mediated and N2cG-mediated CVS-N2c-ΔG system. In addition, codon modified N2cG (optiG) did not increase the efficiency of CVS-N2c-ΔG tracing. Finally, we found that the CVS-N2c-ΔG produced by the improved method can be used for monitoring neural activity of projection neurons, and the time window can be maintained for 3 weeks, and it can also express sufficient recombinases for efficient transgene recombination. That is, the virus produced by the improved production system does not affect its own function, paving the way for its further optimization, popularization and application in structural and functional studies of neural circuits.


More frequently used words with different sound a surrounding were selected for investigation. Praat program was used for words annotation into phonemes. the sound a sections were annotated by program Praat. The values of formants also were calculated by Praat program. Plot of formants frequency distribution shows a big spread of histogram. We thought that wide distribution is because of coarticulation. Dividing to groups by surrounding phonemes didn't revealed reasonable results. Also approximation formants by other sound parameters as duration, position from beginning, intensity didn't showed reasonable results. The best approximation was obtained, when to input vector were included polynomial coefficients of signal's intensity regression by reduced time. Ill. 11, bibl. 5 (in English, summaries in English, Russian, Lithuanian).


The installation, checking and site-test comparison of on-line monitoring system, as well as some problems in testing runnng, in pilot survey on wastewater COD on-line monitoring in Liaoning Province were analyzed and summarized. Therefore, related suggestions on running and management of wastewater COD on-line monitoring system in the future were proposed.


Magnetorheological (MR) brakes have attracted many attentions for controlling mechanical systems such as robots, e-bicycles, and haptic devices. A large number of researchers have delved into enhancing MR brake effectiveness. Herein, a new MR brake is proposed in which the braking torque is improved and the configuration is simplified. Numerical simulations were based on finite element method (FEM) was employed to achieve the brake model. In order to verify the obtained results, they were compared with the available ones in the literature and they have a good agreement with each other. Then, the proper brake model was optimized using Nelder–Mead optimization algorithm. Results demonstrated 215.75 N m braking torque in the present prototype which is almost 73% higher than the previous model in the literature. In addition, the brake could induce about 125.06 N m torque on the brake disk with nearly half of the coil current used in the previous work. Besides, increase in the number of the disks was not necessarily improved braking efficiency and the size of the MR fluid gaps also influenced the brake operation. In addition, the proposed model in this paper has ease manufacturing procedure which would reduce the fabrication costs.


of our educational efforts can be assessed only at death, for if we accept life as a preparation for eternity, then its final product can only be estimated in reference to the hereafter. But obviously we cannot wait so long to assess our efforts. At every stage in life we must be able to satisfy ourselves that what we are doing is good, and the only way we can do so is to examine whether our work is contributing to the object we propose, whatever that may be. To determine the object is therefore vitally important. We must be clear that what we aim at is good, and when we


The subject innovation relates to a generator that improves the efficiency of power generation and the like by improving the wiring system of the rotor and the induction coil arrangement and the magnetic core. The generator, which consists of a cylindrical shape connected to a rotating shaft, a predetermined distance away from the rotational orbit plane of the surface of at least one S-pole and N-pole permanent magnets on the edges of the once mounted in turn e and the rotor consists of a stator that is disposed above, the stator is composed of at least one sensitive nose part is mounted on the upper surface of the at least one magnetic induction iron core and the magnetic induction core, the rotation of the N-pole and S-pole permanent magnet the current to the part of the sensitive nose is driven by the magnetic energy generated by it to be output.


Objective To research the relationship between lipid comprehensive index(LCI)and coronary heart disease(CHD) with typeⅡdiabets mellitus(DM).Methods 50 healthy subjects were di- vided into group A.209 patients of aged 40-82 years treated in hospital were involved in this study.They were divided into three groups according to with or without DM and coronary heart disease:group B(DM), group C(CHD)and group D(DM+CHD).The serum concentration of total cholesterol(TC),Triglyceride (TG),High density lipoprotein Cholesterol(HDL-C),Low density lipopretein cholesterol(LDL-C),Fast- ing plasma glueose(FPG)were determined by automatic biochemistry analyzer.TC/HDL-C and LCI were calculated.Results Between group B,C,D and group A,the levels of total protein(TP)and albumin (ALB)in the front were signifciantly lower than those in the following,While the level of fasting TG was increased in group C,D and signifciantly higher in group B than those in group A(P0.05).The serum concentration of HDL-C was remarkably decreased especially in Group B compared with those in group A and was significant difference between group B and group C.The serum concentration of LDL-C was the highest in group D but no significant difference among group B,C,D.The levels of TC/HDL-C and LCI in group B and D were significant higher than those in group A and C(P0.05),but there were no significant difference between group B and group D.Conclusion LCI can be used to predict the risk of CHD with DM in clinical treatment and prevention of cardiovascular events.The significance of LCI are much important factors than single index of the serum lipid variables.


The performance of serial Ni-Mo/Al_2O_3 catalysts for hydrogenation of the model oxygenates was carried out in a continuous fixed bed reactor under conditions as follows:240~320℃ of temperatures,700 of H_2/oil ratio,1.5 h~(-1) of liquid hour space velocity,and 4.0MPa of pressure.The results show that the Ni-Mo/Al_2O_3 catalysts have high activity for oxygenate hydrogenation.At 280℃,the conversions of ethanol,ethyl acid and butyl acid by Mo16Ni6/Al_2O_3 are 94.3%,94.9% and 98.8%,respectively.The addition of Mo promoter significantly enhances the hydrogenation activity of Ni-basedcatalyst,and dramatically lower the reduction temperature of oxidized nickel in catalysts.The reason is that the molybdenum addition weakens the interaction of NiO and Al_2O_3,leading to significant decrease of NiAl_2O_4 phase and increase of NiO phase.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of alkali pre-treatment methods on the quality and quantity of biogas. The study was doneby fermentation process the water hyacinth with KOH in a concentration of 6,7 M; 4 M;3 M; and 2,95 (M) with water in ratio hyacinth: water 70:30; 50:50; 30:70 and 100:0 (v/v) mixed with cow dung starter in an anaerobic digester batch system of 2,5 L capacity.  In this study the highest biogas production at KOH concentration  4 M was in ratio of 50:50 (v/v)with yield biogas volume  449 mL and 86,52% of COD revomal, 92,42% of TSS removal. The lowest biogas production at KOH concentration 6,7 M was in ratio of 70:30 (v/v) with yield biogas volume 132 mL and 86,55% of COD removal and 88,65%of TSS removal.


AS THESE QUOTES by an Oregon political scientist and a national journalist suggest, some observers have become increasingly critical of the initiative process. The increased use of the initiative and the growing involvement of special interests— at times, from outside the state—have fueled a debate regarding the benefits and shortcomings of the process. Scholars have argued both the merits (Bowler and Donovan 1998; Cronin and Rossant 1999; Hahn and Kamieniecki 1987; Ranney 1978; Schmidt 1998; Zimmerman 1986) and the demerits (Magleby 1984; Broder 2000) of the initiative process. However, although poll after poll has shown strong Public Attitudes toward the Initiative Process in Oregon


The reception method nanostructured top composites by means of the ionic-plasma combined influence are developed. The cathode system allowing in a uniform vacuum cycle to carry out effective dispersion of the processed surface with developed micro is developed for realization of the method and nanorelief, spraying of the intermediate metalized intermediate layer with the subsequent spraying nanostructured coverings. Features of development microand nanorelief of a surface of materials are studied.


Objective:To discuss methods of the cheiloplasty in curing postoperative deformity of unilateral complete cleft lip.Methods:The anatomic figuration of musculus orbicularis oris and functional repair were employed to cure postoperative deformity of unilateral complete cleft lip.Result:This method could effectively improve the deviation of mid-columeiia,the dilation of nostria and the nasal wing deformity.Conclusion:The ideal function and figure of nasolabial region could be achieved in our clinical experience.


The information provided by the shape of the unloading portion of indentation curves is used to calculate the area of contact between the indenter and the material. Results obtained in fused silica and nickel, including Young's modulus and hardness values, are presented to illustrate the validity of the approach. It is shown that errors of only a few percent are introduced when fitting unloading curves with power laws. The present method is especially useful when direct specimen stiffness measurements can be performed.


The information age demands more for the process and management of abundant information. Simultaneously, more and more users favor processing and managing information by means of Internet, therefore, it is important to establish the system of process and management which is based on Internet.Mainly studies the feasibility and methods of the integration of GIS and MIS, which is based on WEBGIS, so as to realize process and management of information by Internet and improve the efficiency of process and management. Comparing and studying all kinds of technology, put forward a feasible integration model.


The Chimei Fault, the only fault cutting across the Coastal Range in eastern Taiwan, is the boundary fault that thrusts the forearc basement (Tuluanshan Formation) over the forearc sedimentary rocks (Paliwan Formation). Although previously deemed to be a reverse fault with strike-slip component, paleostress pattern along the Chimei Fault zone has not yet been established. In order to reconstruct the deformation history of the fault, this study carries out paleostress and fold analysis along a well-exposed outcrop in the central part of the Coastal Range. The Chimei Fault zone is composed of 100 and 500-m wide damage zones in the hanging wall and the footwall, with several sets of subsidiary faults developed intensely. Based on crosscutting relationship, the fault-slip data could be divided into three stages. The earliest stage is characterized by the left-lateral fault slickensides that crosscut mineral veins related to heat flow activity in the Tuluanshan Fm. In the footwall, a 100 m-wide fold zone, including boudins and mud-filled veins, indicates deformation of buried unconsolidated sedimentary rocks during the second stage. The third stage is characterized by brittle subsidiary faults. The predated folds and postdated brittle faults indicate that the deformation depth of fault rocks decreased during faulting. In addition, both folds and faults show N-S compression, suggesting that two structural processes record the same paleostress status. The three-stage evolution could be comparable to previous reconstruction from paleomagnetic analysis: (1) The initial leftlateral component is consistent with island-arc movement since late Miocene; (2) Folding and faulting of the footwall then illustrate the N-S forearc closure since late Pliocene.


Pesticide plant resources are abundant in Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province.There are 239 species under 88 families, in which 4 species are pteridophyta, 6 species are gymnosperms and 229 species are angiosperms.They can kill insects. Suggestions for further study and rational development of these resources are also proposed.


Abstract Females, especially those who are educated and pursuing a career, are thought to have different expectations for travel, roles in decision-making and attitudes towards travel. Further, the way in which they make decisions may be influenced by the generation into which they were born. The objective of this study then was to determine whether university-educated women's pleasure travel decision-making roles differed depending on generation. Results suggested that decision-making roles varied markedly based on generation, even when controlling for income. These results are useful to marketers interested in targeting this population and effectively utilizing advertising mediums as well as copy and graphics.


The LOGSE recognized the period of infant education (0-6 years) with characteristics such as a new curriculum, education focused on children and them living more complete experiences. Later on, the LOCE decides the separation of the first years (0-3), called preescolar.  Since 2008, the plan EDUCA3 establishes the creation and renovation of 0 to 3 years schools in the whole country. Infant education keeps focusing on the child, his/her interests and needs.


In this paper, a model describing the four-wave mixing (FWM) among an arbitrary amount of incident waves is derived and the predictor-corrector method is exploited to solve the equations. Based on the numerical model, we studied methods to promote the energy exchange among the incident waves. The results show that a proper value of phase mismatch can accelerate the energy exchanging among the pump waves and simultaneously reduces the idler wave powers. This model is applied to investigate the behavior of a multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (MWEDFL) exploiting FWM. According to the simulation, through using a 50-m-long nonlinear fiber with nonlinear coefficient of 11 /W/km, 19 lines can be obtained in the output spectrum with power difference <3 dB.


Data mining is a process which finds useful patterns from large amount of data. It is a powerful new technology with great potential to help companies focus on the most important information in their data warehouses. It uses machine learning, statistical and visualization techniques to discovery and present knowledge in a form which is easily comprehensible to humans. This review of literature focuses on data mining techniques, trends, issues, tools, crucial concepts and applications. In this paper we have focused a variety of techniques, approaches and different areas of the research which are helpful and marked as the important field of data mining Technologies. This paper imparts more number of applications of the data mining and also focuses on trends in the data mining which will helpful in the further research.


In the last decade, there have been indications of a declining trend of students taking up science and scientific research as a career. New programmes were started by CSIR to attract young bright students towards science.Early indication suggests a reversal in declining trend.


In order to give full play to the scientific leading role of "Double First-class" universities in the energy revolution, Taiyuan University of Technology has made a thorough exploration in school-enterprise cooperation in recent years. Under the background of "Double First-class" construction, universities and large coal machinery enterprises cooperate in depth combining with the characteristics of the industry. A variety of cooperation modes have been constructed, such as co-cultivation of talents, co-development of projects, co-construction of platforms and resource sharing. On the basis of these cooperation modes, school-enterprise cooperation has been further developed to achieve an effective integration with the "Double First-class" construction.


This controlled pilot study tested the effects of a mindfulness intervention on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and tested the psychological processes possibly mediating such effects. Participants with OCD symptoms (12 women, 5 men) received either mindfulness training (N=8) or formed a waiting-list control group (N = 9). Meditation included 8 group meetings teaching meditative breathing, body-scan, and mindful daily living, applied to OCD. The intervention had a significant and large effect on mindfulness, OCD symptoms, letting go, and thought-action fusion. Controlling for changes in "letting go," group effects on change in OCD symptoms disappeared, pointing at a mediating role for letting go. This may be the first controlled study demonstrating that a mindfulness intervention reduces OCD symptoms, possibly explained by increasing letting go capacity. If replicated in larger and clinical samples, mindfulness training may be an alternative therapy for OCD.


The concept of victim of war crimes has been the subject of major international developments. Nevertheless, the victims of war crimes in Colombia are subjects of parallel statutes that incorporate the content of state obligations, leaving, in some cases, a national margin of appreciation that exceeds the limits imposed by international law . The verification of the circumstances and content requires a kind of applied research in comparative law from the international criminal law and criminal law in Colombia, including a review of what has been written to date on the subject and a specific case law study in the field.


In the course of history various groups of people have sought to utilise a variety of legal concepts, techniques and mechanisms to ensure their preservation, survival and development. These concepts, techniques and mechanisms have been both domestic and international. Recourse to them has been made to provide a definitional focus for the recognition of the various types of group and the various forms of rights they have sought. In terms of human rights law the concept of "minority rights", protected by international law, has perhaps been foremost among these but its achievements have been outweighed by its failings. Its development has been limited at the international level by definitional problems, selective application, institutional weaknesses in international mechanisms, competing concepts of nationalism, assimilation, individualism, universalism, equality and non-discrimination, and the fears engendered by its association with the explosive concept of self-determination. However, attempts to develop and extend the concept of "minority rights" have continued. In 1966 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (the "Covenant") was adopted. Article 27 of the Covenant provides that:


The question of eliminating distorted current waveforms from power networks by active power filters is investigated. If the active current is subtracted from the distorted current, the compensating equipment must be capable of generating the inverse of this difference. Addition of this compensating current to the distorted current then eliminates the distortion. This requires capability to generate these currents with response times many times less than the fundamental power frequency cycle. This capability is presented by reactive ly loaded pwm-converters. A system configuration with three single phase pwm-converters building a three phase unit is investigated. The single phase converter with pwm-opera tion, inductive reactance as load, low pass input filter and representative system losses is simulated by statespace techniques. An experimental system of 1kVA is also constructed for verification. Good correspondence between simulation and experiment Is shown. Starting up the system, compensating the system losses from the supply and the influence of the control system on the compensating capabilities are investigated. It is concluded that a pwm-converter with reactive load can be used as a fast distortion compensator and that the present state of the art and future development of pwm-converter technology will make this technique applicable at least up to 1MVAr.


In recent years, the use of composite materials has helped achieve ever-increasing performance requirements in marine, aerospace, and civil structures. A parallel interest in the structural health monitoring of composites has developed to further improve performance by reducing overall life-cycle costs. In this work, a network of embedded fiber Bragg gratings is employed as part of a damage detection system for an impact damage scenario in a composite laminate material system. Delamination damage is incrementally introduced into the laminate via repeated impacts with a drop weight pendulum system. Using vibration time histories between impacts from a simulated, pseudorandom operational loading, and damage-sensitive features were extracted and placed within a Mahalanobis distance-based discrimination framework. The statistical modeling for hypothesis testing is also presented to give a full, systems-level approach to a damage detection system from data acquisition to ultimate decision making.


An examination of the phenomenon of female work participation presents a curious mix of economic and non-economic factors operating upon and influencing each other. The phenomenon of female work participation derives its distinctiveness from the non-economic forces such as social-culture attitudes and perceptions. These sociocultural behavior patterns are derivatives of the prevalent patriarchal systems that assign lower status value of female, and their work. The exploration of female work participation is a challenging task in that non-economic variable which affects the economic functioning of the child lalbour markets. This paper attempts to define the meaning of female work participation rate and incidence of female work participation across the districts of Haryana based on Indian Census data 2001.


The paper reviewed the situation and significance of international registration of Mei cultivars in China,and the works in Nanjing in the international cultivar registration of mei(Prunus mume) cultivars.We also put forward some suggestions on the international registration of Mei cultivars in Nanjing.


This article enhances our understanding of international norms by developing a set of indicators to measure norm robustness at the domestic level. We apply these indicators to assess the robustness of the prohibition on the death penalty: a well-established international norm that terrorism-related cases have put to the test. In the United Kingdom, the government agreed to share information with the United States, possibly leading to the imposition of the death penalty on two ISIS foreign fighters of UK origin. France facilitated the trials of French ISIS fighters in Iraq, where they were sentenced to death. While the UK government, under public and judicial pressure, reversed its decision to cooperate with US authorities, the French government failed to acknowledge its violation of the death-penalty ban. We conclude that the anti-death penalty norm is more robust in the United Kingdom than in France. This case demonstrates how established democracies might break international human rights norms, and it reveals the nuances of the norm-decaying process.


Coteaching and cogenerative dialoguing are ways of learning to teach that truly bridge the gap between theory and praxis, as new teachers learn to teach alongside peers and more experienced teachers. These practices are also means of overcoming teacher isolation and burnout. Through cogenerative dialogue sessions, new and experienced teachers, university supervisors, researchers, and administrators are able to create local theory for the purpose of improving teaching and learning. In this book, contributors from four countries report on how coteaching and cogenerative dialoguing worked in their situation.


Abstract While transport modelers in developed countries are accustomed to working with relatively rich datasets including transport networks and land use data, such databases are rarely available in developing countries. However, developing countries such as China with its immense rate of economic growth are, arguably, most in need of demand models. The research addressed in this paper is how to develop mode choice models for planning and policy analysis when level of service data are not available and resources are limited. The research makes use of a 1,001 household travel and activity survey from Chengdu collected in 2005. Chengdu has an urban population of over 3 million and a GDP growth rate of over 20% per year. By coding transportation networks, course estimates of level of service by mode are first developed. As these measures are assumed to have accuracy issues, particularly for transit, level of service is treated as a latent (i.e., unobservable) variable. Measurement equations (from the structural equation model paradigm) are used to infer latent level of service, and these equations are integrated with the mode choice model. Our initial results indicate that models that do not correct for measurement error may underestimate travelers' values of time. The methodological approach employed has potential for improving models estimated with higher quality network data (for example in the developed world), because it can correct for measurement error that exists, for example, in network-derived level of service variables.


In recent years, HST revolutionized the field of star formation in nearby galaxies. Due to its high angular resolution it has now become possible to construct star formation histories of individual stellar populations on scales of a few arcseconds spanning a range of up to ~600 Myr. This method will be applied to the ANGST galaxies, a large HST volume limited survey to map galaxies up to distances of 3.5–4.0 Mpc (excluding the Local Group). The ANGST sample is currently followed-up by high, ~6" resolution VLA observations of neutral, atomic hydrogen (HI) in the context of VLA-ANGST, an approved Large VLA Project. The VLA resolution is well matched to that of the spatially resolved star formation history maps. The combination of ANGST and VLA-ANGST data will provide a new, promising approach to study essential fields of galaxy evolution such as the triggering of star formation, the feedback of massive stars into the interstellar medium, and the structure and dynamics of the interstellar medium.


A quantitative study of the morphology and distribution of norepinephrinergic neurons in the human locus coeruleus (LC) is given for normal young and older adult brain. Norepinephrine (NE)‐producing neurons are identified by immunocytochemistry of two NE biosynethetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DBH), visualized by the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase and immunogold‐silver‐staining methods. TH and DBH immunoreactions yield equivalent results. Both immunocytochemical visualization methods allow detailed analysis of neuronal morphology. The neurons of the human LC fall into four classes: large multipolar neurons with round or multiangular somata, large elliptical "bipolar" neurons, small multipolar neurons, and small ovoid "bipolar" neurons. Though most of the neurons contain neuromelanin pigment, some larger neurons lack pigmentation. Dendritic arborization of all neurons is extensive. Computer‐assisted quantitative measurements of the parameters somatic size, dendritic arbor length, surface area, and volume are given. Somatic areas of LC neurons of all four classes are decreased in older adult brain, but dendritic arborization is equally extensive as in the younger. The rostrocaudal length of the LC is approximately 15 mm, and no age‐dependent decrease is observed. Computer‐assisted mapping of immunoreactive neurons and three‐dimensional reconstruction allow division of the LC into rostral, middle, and caudal parts with characteristic distribution of neurons. Small neurons predominate in all parts, but the relative contribution of larger cells decreases in a rostrocaudal direction. A cell loss of 27–37% occurs in older adult brains and to 55% in the brain of a chronically depressed patient without dementia. Cell loss is highest in the rostral part, lower in the middle and absent in the caudal part, and more small cells are lost than larger ones.


Background: Endothelial dysfunction is the main link in the development of cardiovascular diseases, which leads to ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease) and its complications. There are many medicines available for the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, not all groups of drugs are able to positively affect endothelial function. Purpose. Based on the literature data, to study the effect of the main groups of drugs for the treatment of coronary artery disease on endothelial function and systemic hemodynamics in cardiac surgery patients after myocardial revascularization. Material and methods: The review and analysis of literature data from 46 sources are presented. Results: Angiotensin converting enzyme receptor inhibitors, calcium sensitizers, phosphodiesterase type III inhibitors as well as beta blockers have a positive effect on endothelial function. Nitrates have a negative effect on its function in conditions of critical circulation and should be used with caution in endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion: The data obtained indicate a positive effect of angiotensin converting enzyme receptor inhibitors, calcium sensitizers, type III phosphodiesterase inhibitors and beta blockers on endothelial function. However, these groups of drugs can negatively affect systemic hemodynamics in the perioperative period, which requires a deliberate approach when prescribing them.


ABSTRACT The central concern of this study is to examine the synergic effects of an anionic surfactant and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles on the improvement of surfactant properties. The assessment of the effect of silica nanoparticles on the emulsification ability of the surfactant solution was performed by the use of both electrical conductivity measurements and phase behavior tests. Accordingly, an optimal chemical formulation for the utilized crude oil was suggested. Optical absorption technique was also employed to evaluate the stability of the optimal solution. The oil recovery experiments were carried out in a transparent glass micromodel saturated with crude oil to monitor some pore-scale displacement events during the simultaneous flow of the optimal solution and the crude oil through porous media. Phase behavior tests indicated that the silica nanoparticles are effective in terms of Interfacial tension (IFT) reduction since they can achieve ultra-low IFT level. The results of conductivity experiments proved the ability of silica nanoparticles to reduce the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of the surfactant. The stability tests proved that the optimal solution is stable for a reasonable time. The multiphase flow experiments revealed that oil recovery increased by about 5% during nanoparticles-assisted surfactant flooding compared with surfactant flood.


In order to solve ordinary problems of incomplete data and transferring environmental loads to environmental cost, environmental-cost-assessment model of material industry is designed and created reasonably based on inventory analysis. Furthermore, there is a case study about a kind of mixed thing of material factory in northwest region. The model has been proved scientific and reasonable by compared the output result of the model with the result directly surveyed.


ARRM and SRRP have differing objectives. ARRM is designed to provide protection in cases of multiyear revenue declines and limits payments in any given year. It is designed to have minimal overlap with crop insurance payments. SRRP is designed to make large payments in years of large losses. SRRP takes many of its design from the Group Risk Income Plan (GRIP), a crop insurance product that indemnifies county yields.


Abstract Zaman and Bulut (2018a) developed a class of estimators for a population mean utilising LMS robust regression and supplementary attributes. In this paper, a family of estimators is proposed, based on the adaptation of the estimators presented by Zaman (2019), followed by the introduction of a new family of regression-type estimators utilising robust regression tools (LAD, H-M, LMS, H-MM, Hampel-M, Tukey-M, LTS) and supplementary attributes. The mean square error expressions of the adapted and proposed families are determined through a general formula. The study demonstrates that the adapted class of the Zaman (2019) estimators is in every case more proficient than that of Zaman and Bulut (2018a). In addition, the proposed robust regression estimators based on robust regression tools and supplementary attributes are more efficient than those of Zaman and Bulut (2018a) and Zaman (2019).The theoretical findings are supported by real-life examples.


A substantial literature has recently emerged inside and beyond the discipline of anthropology concerning various aspects of a 'precarious present' in a globalised world (e.g. Banki 2013; Hinkson 2017; Weston 2012). Tellingly, at the biggest annual gathering of anthropologists in the world in 2017, the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting, references to real situations and analytical notions of 'precarity' abounded in the many panels. Derivative concepts such as 'contingency', 'vulnerability', 'risk', 'radical uncertainty', 'unpredictability', 'beyond crisis' and 'resilience' were likewise frequently heard. This is hardly surprising, not only because of the current political climate in the host country under the presidency of Donald Trump, but also due to the steadily growing concerns about the social and cultural consequences of global climate change (e.g. Marshall and Connor 2015), as well as academic critique and social movements that question the dominance of neoliberal discourses in shaping ever more extreme forms of inequality and exploitation across the world (Harvey 2005; Povinelli 2011). Indeed, it may be appropriate to frame our ethnographic analyses of people's lives in terms of 'political ecologies of the precarious' (Weston 2012: 429). It is worth keeping in mind, however, that anthropologists have long observed, described and analysed lived experiences of unpredictability, uncertainty and vulnerability to exploitation, as well as resilience and sustainability, and how these factors inherently shape people's day-to-day social and cultural practice as well as the human condition more broadly (Beck 1992; Butler 2006; During 2015; Ettlinger 2007; Standing 2011). As Kathleen Stewart sets out to demonstrate, precarity can also be seen as intrinsic to anthropologists' very writing of ethnography of emergent social and cultural phenomena, as we generate representations of 'their plurality, movement, imperfection, immanence, incommensurateness, the way that they accrete, accrue and wear out' (2012: 518).