Simple Summary Finding alternative protein sources has been one of the most important issues in the animal nutrition field in the last decades. Due to its chemical composition and previously reported positive results on lambs' performance and digestibility, lupins were the main focus of this study. Data were collected from two distinct trials with seven different diets tested in total. The chemical composition of the raw materials was analyzed, as well as total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake. Lambs' growth was accompanied throughout the trials and their performance was measured. Dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility of each diet was also determined. Low incorporations of lupins had no impact on performance and digestibility of any of the studied fractions. The highest tested incorporation had a negative impact on the overall values of feed intake and the NDF digestibility. The results of this study suggest that low inclusions might have no impact on lambs' growth, intake, and digestibility. Abstract Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union's dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs' diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs' diets seems to be 150 g/kg.


Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods of fabricating a thin film transistor device with good profile control of peripheral sidewall of an active layer formed in the thin film transistor devices. In one embodiment, a method for manufacturing a thin film transistor device includes providing a substrate having a source-drain metal electrode layer disposed on an active layer formed thereon, wherein the active layer is a metal oxide layer, performing a back-channel-etching process to form a channel in the source-drain metal electrode layer, and performing an active layer patterning process after the back-channel-etching process.


This paper focuses on a method to ascertain the identity of an online handwritten document. The proposed methodology makes use of a set of descriptors that are derived from features obtained in a probabilistic sense. In this regard, we employ a GMM-based feature representation where in each point-based feature vector in the online trace is represented by a vector. Each element of the aforementioned vector quantify the membership to a particular Gaussian in the GMM. A differing aspect is in the proposal of a weighting scheme that measures the influence of each Gaussian of a writer in the probabilistic space. For deriving these weights, we rely on the information obtained from a histogram, by formulating a function of the sum-pooled posterior probabilities obtained across all the enrolled documents in the database. The identification is performed by an ensemble of SVMs where each SVM is modelled for a given writer. The experiments are performed on the publicly available IAM Online handwriting database and the results are competitive with respect to prior works in literature.


The 91.4-cm (36-in.) diameter Kern River natural gas transmission pipeline will cross the Muddy River in Moapa Valley, about 5 km west of Glendale, Nevada, in an area of relatively low seismic activity. The river drains about 2,330 km 2 of southern Nevada and has cut down into late Tertiary fine-grained sedimentary rocks. Aggradation of the river, probably in Holocene time, has resulted in floodplain deposition. The modern floodplain is approximately 500 m wide at the pipeline crossing and slopes about 0.1° toward the channel which is approximately 4 m deep. Hollow-stem auger drilling and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) sampling revealed a consistent subsurface profile of approximately 7 m of stiff to medium stiff silt and clay overlying about 5 m of loose to very loose sand and silt with the water table at 4.3 to 5.5 m. N-values ranging from 2 to 8 correspond to critical accelerations of 0.10g to 0.16g as the threshold of liquefaction; the 100-yr, 10 percent exceedance probability acceleration, selected for design, is 0.20g. An acceleration exceeding 0.3g is considered necessary to cause ground failure on the floodplain because of the thickness of the non-liquefiable surface layer. However, since the channel has cut to a depth of 4 m, ground failure could occur at the design acceleration. A conservative displacement analysis using the Newmark procedure suggests that about 15 cm of displacement could occur if the design acceleration were produced by a magnitude 6 earthquake, while about 46 cm could occur in a magnitude 7 earthquake. Maximum liquefaction-induced ground settlement resulting from anticipated 4 percent volumetric strain is not expected to exceed 20 cm. Interbedded liquefiable and non-liquefiable sediments at floodplain margins are expected to limit abrupt differential settlement. The pipeline ditch will be backfilled with medium dense sand to control soil-pipe interface friction. Stresses and strains developed in the pipe by possible liquefaction-induced ground failure at the design acceleration are expected to remain in the anelastic range.


Cosmetic and personal care products including toothpaste, shampoo, creams, makeup, among others, are usually formulated with petroleum-based surfactants, although in the last years the consume trend for "green" products is inducing the replacement of surface-active agents in these formulations by natural surfactants, so-called biosurfactants. In addition to their surfactant capacity, many biosurfactants can act as good emulsifiers, which is an extra advantage in the preparation of green cosmetic products. In this work, a biosurfactant obtained from Lactobacillus paracasei was used as a stabilizing agent in oil-in-water emulsions containing essential oils and natural antioxidant extract. In the presence of biosurfactant, maximum percentages of emulsion volumes (EV = 100%) were observed, with droplets sizes about 199 nm. These results were comparable with the ones obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate


Because of difficulties associated with experimental measurement techniques, the distribution of water density around many proteins is not well-resolved. We present, in this paper, a molecular dynamics approach to the general problem of comparing the instantaneous vs average view of protein hydration via a 150-ps simulation of metmyoglobin in an explicit aqueous environment. Densities as a function of position for both water and myoglobin were computed by time-averaging the volume fraction occupied at different positions in space. The picture so obtained challenge the view of hydration taken from accessible surface features related to the average structure


The invention discloses a data display method and terminal, wherein the method comprises the following steps that: a client side obtains audio data obtained by audio acquisition from a first multi-media file currently played by third-party equipment; the client side obtains webpage data related to the audio data; and the client side loads and displays the webpage data on a display interface of the client side, wherein the webpage data contain information to be displayed related to the acquired audio data. By means of the invention, the technical problem of low user participation degree due to the fact that users only can passively receive displayed data in the existing data display method can be solved.


withdrawn ________________ P1-d3-298 Growth 2 Short children born small for gestational age (SGA) or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) show similar auxological characteristics Janina Caliebe1; Jan-Maar ten Wit2; Michael B. Ranke1 1University Children's Hospital, Section of Paediatric Endocrinology, Tuebingen, Germany; 2Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Leiden, Netherlands The distinction between SGA and ISS fully depends on accurate birth weight and length measurements, and proper reference data. It is questionable if SGA and ISS are really separate diagnoses, as the mean birth weight and length of ISS children is approximately -1 SDS. Thus, SGA may be viewed as the left tail of the ISS population. In order to support or challenge this hypothesis, we analyzed growth data of short but otherwise healthy children attending a German growth clinic, who were classified as SGA (n=47) or ISS (n=152) according to the Niklasson (1981) reference. Height in childhood was expressed as SDS for Swiss references (Prader et al., 1989), target height (TH) as SDS for the same reference (calculated according to Hermanussen and Cole, 2003) and bone age in years (Greulich and Pyle, 1959). Growth data are shown in the table. For all patients, mean (SD) birth weight and length were -1.1 (1.1) and -0.8 (1.4). Height SDS, TH SDS and the difference between height SDS and TH SDS were similar between the two groups. The % of ISS children with a height SDS<-1.6 (by definition "non-familial ISS") was 70%, similar to the percentage in SGA (66%). Bone age delay was significantly less in SGA (p=0.016), and the % of children with >1.6 yrs of bone age delay was also different (29% for SGA vs 49% for ISS). In conclusion, the similarity in growth characteristics between SGA and ISS suggests that the distinction between SGA and ISS is arbitrary to a certain degree. The greater bone age delay in ISS probably corresponds with the higher % of children with "constitutional delay of growth and puberty" in children labeled ISS. BW SDS BL SDS Height SDS TH SDS HT-tHT SDS BA delay SGA -2.6 (0.9) -2.6 (1.1) -2.66 (1.0) -0.65 (0.6) -2.06 (1.1) 1.07 (1.1) ISS -0.6 (0.7) -0.25 (0.9) -2.56 (0.5) -0.52 (0.7) -1.83 (0.8) 1.53 (1.0)* p=0.016 ________________ P1-d3-299 Growth 2 Validation of automated bone age determination in healthy American children of four ethnicities Hans Henrik Thodberg1; Lars Sävendahl2 1Visiana, R&D, Holte, Denmark; 2Karolinska Institutet, Department of Woman and Child Health, Stockholm, Sweden The BoneXpert method for automated bone age (BA) determination was developed on Caucasian children from Europe and its determination of Greulich-Pyle (GP) BA was calibrated to agree with the average rating of five independent experienced observers from Europe. The aim of this study was to validate BoneXpert in healthy American children of different ethnicities. The data were collected within a research project (Prof. Huang, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles) where 1103 healthy children were included. Gender and ethnicity (Caucasian, Afro-American, Hispanic and Asian) were evenly distributed. Within each one-year bin, there were 40 children between 1-10 years and 80 between 10-19 years. The images were independently rated by two paediatric radiologists using the GP method. The SD between the two ratings was 0.62 year, and the average of the two ratings was used as BA reference value for the comparison with BoneXpert. Fourteen cases with large deviations between BoneXpert and the reference (>1.7 year for boys and >1.5 year for girls) were rerated blindly resulting in good agreement with BoneXpert (root mean square (rms) error=0.70 year) and the rerated values were then used. Restricting the analysis to the intended age range for BoneXpert (2.5-19 years for boys; 2-15 years for girls), the rms error between BoneXpert BA and the reference BA (+the one SD uncertainty) are as shown in the table.


Liver Diseases and Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis represents a frequent comorbidity of cholestatic and parenchymal disorders of the liver and the hepatobiliary system. Over the past years, we have been able to characterise the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of osteopo-


The stationary generalized Langevin equation is derived from the Liouville equation. The 'random force' involved in the obtained equation satisfies the equation of motion for a dynamical variable. The fluctuation-dissipation theorems are derived and written for the present equation. The relationship with Mori's generalized Langevin equation is given.


The aim of the study is to assess the impact of African swine fever virus (ASF) on the development and functioning of the pork market in Poland. This virus appeared in Poland in February 2014 in wild boars, and then in July 2014 in pigs. The study covers the years 2014-2018, the period of ASF virus in Poland. By the end of July 2018, there were 182 cases of ASF in pigs and over 2.6 thousand in wild boars in four provinces of eastern and central Poland, and the largest cluster of this disease is located in the Lublin province. The appearance of ASF virus has had a negative impact on the pork market in Poland, resulting in restrictions on the export of this meat, costs of eradication of outbreaks and biosecurity. Despite these difficulties, the production of pork at this time was characterized by an upward trend, while exports only in the first year of the ASF decreased, but in subsequent years, due to the diversification of markets, there was an increase in exports. The descriptive method and simple statistical analyzes were used for the study.


Longdong oil field is a low-yield,low permeability and low pressure oil field,has more blocks.The plane distribution and the vertical distribution of permeability in different blocks are different,which leads injection water or edge-bottom water fingering or coning along permeable zone,large pores and cracks to reduce recovery ratio of oil fields.To curb the momentum of water content rapid rising in wells to improve producing degree of waterflood and recovery ratio of oil field,profile control and water shutoff for Longdong oil field were studied to meet the large pore plugging,displacing residual oil in small holes,peeling oil slick.The tracer analysis,well test pulse,PI decision-making and testing the water displacement front four methods were used to study the type of reservoir water,water breakthrough direction and degree of breakthrough flow;Blocking agents for the Triassic fractured reservoirs were optimized and evaluated,and the optimization design method of profile control and water shutoff was put forward.


Photorefractive polymers doped azo-dye with electric field poling and photoinduced poling whose wavelength is 633 nm using four-wave mixing and two-beam coupling experiment at 780 nm are investigated. An increase of diffraction efficiency by the effect of photoinduced poling through photoisomerization in photorefractive polymers is demonstrated. And the diffraction efficiency depends on the intensity of photoinduced poling beam, and it has peak value.


Investigation on the use of capacitive pressure sensor chip model to demonstrate the measurement of changes in the length of the signal due to changes in the simulated pressure. Implement wireless transmission of power in order to demonstrate the miniature pressure measurement implant possibility further manufacturing.


In this paper we investigate a two-way relaying network with multiple amplify-and-forward relays where both the user terminals (UTs) and the relays can have multiple antennas. To improve the system performance, the UTs need channel knowledge of all relevant channels. Therefore, we propose block component decomposition based channel estimation (BloCE) algorithms, which use the Tucker decomposition and the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition. The proposed methods are analytic, i.e., iterations are not required. We also derive the design criteria for the corresponding relay amplification matrices and the training sequences. Simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed channel estimation method.


This article proposes a parallel series disposition of toll kiosks in motorway toll areas, that is to say, the same number of kiosks per channel as there are channels through the toll area. The system is examined in congested conditions to evaluate the parameters relative to waiting time. The results are then compared with a statistical sample from two motorways with different toll collection systems. The proposed alternative system is shown to reduce delay and congestion, and is based on the establishment, for a vehicle in a queue, of the average waiting time having a high probability of not being exceeded. (TRRL)


imparts a large D 17 O signature to the resulting sulfate (8.8%) relative to oxidation by H2O2 (0.9% )o r by OH or O 2 (0%). Ship data from two Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) cruises in the Indian Ocean indicate D 17 O values usually 70%) and increases MBL sulfate concentrations by typically >10% (up to 30%). Globally, this mechanism contributes 9% of atmospheric sulfate production and 1% of the sulfate burden. The impact on H2SO4 (g) formation and implications for the potential formation of new particles in the MBL warrants inclusion in models examining the radiative effects of sulfate aerosols.


Several mathematical relationships between air sample filter mass loading and the correlated analytical self-absorption factor were developed using data from other published research in this meta-study. Gross-alpha and -beta ap-plications are addressed for this research. As filter media becomes loaded with particulate matter, there is potential for measurement losses due to self-absorption by mass loading. Components contributing to absorption include particulate dust, radioactive particulates, and filter material. Standards indicate a correction factor should be used when the penetration of radioactive material into the collection media or self-absorption of radiation by the material collected would reduce the detection rate by more than 5%. Previously, losses due to self-absorption have been reported up to 100% over a range up to ~10 mg·cm −2 mass loading. These absorption losses then can be used to determine a correction factor for sample results. For low mass loadings (e.g., ≤0.1 mg·cm −2 ) corrections factors in the 0.85 - 1 range have been recommended and used, while at higher mass loadings nearer to 10 mg·cm −2 correction factors closer to 0 (representing near 100% losses) are used. Based on data from published studies, the different methods for relating percent loss due to self-absorption to mass loading include linear, exponential, quadrati c, and trinomial derived functions. Where applicable, both forced zero and non-forced zero results were evaluated. From the derived functions evaluated, the trinomial function provided the best fit. Once the sample filter mass loading is known, the trinomial function can be applied to estimate losses and the corresponding self-absorption factor. When applied to routine operating conditions for radiological facility stacks monitored of an air sample when the sample-specific mass loading is determined. The application of no correction factor when the ANSI/HPS N13.1-2021 guidance of a 5% threshold for loss is not reached with typical stack sample mass loadings may be reasonable in high-efficiency particulate air filtered systems. For simplicity, it would be conservative in assigning the self-absorption correction factor at the 5% threshold (i.e., 0.95) for general uses but in cases of heavy mass loading to calculate the factor.


How people use products can be quite different from the expectations of designers. This has been shown during the last twenty years, highlighting the need for designers to engage with product use during designing and proposing recommendations for this. So how do designers currently try to anticipate how people will use their products? An interview study with ten practicing designers was conducted. It asked how the designers try to aid that users are able to access the functionalities products may offer, and how the designers check whether the users really can and want to access these functionalities. The following issues emerge from the study. Designers see it as part of their competence to anticipate on product use. This is often based on intuition and professional experience. Designers could benefit from tools to reflect on this aspect more explicitly. Partly, these could be based on activities designers already do. Furthermore, product use can get crowded out of product development processes because its importance is not always made explicit. This should be addressed on a broader organizational level, although some solutions could be found in the design process itself.


Multiple equilibria from general circulation models (GCMs) are investigated via Gaussian mixture models. The cross‐validation technique based on bootstrap, used to find the possible number of clusters, is shown to have a tendency to display a bias in the number of clusters when the sample is not statistically independent. The method is shown, however, to give satisfactory results when applied with a strategy based on statistical independence. The mixture model is successfully applied to a few dynamical systems and data from the UK Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme (UGAMP) GCM. The same analysis is then carried out and applied to the wintertime 500 mb geopotential height field taken from a 50‐year run of the Hadley Centre HadAM3 GCM. Three regions, the North Pacific‐American, the North Atlantic, and the northern hemisphere are investigated for nonlinear circulation regimes. It is shown that the model displays robust regime behaviour over the North Pacific‐American sector, while only marginal regime behaviour is observed over the North Atlantic, and no trace of hemispheric regimes.


Summary
1.Anticipatory parental effects modulate population responses to environmental conditions and so are predicted to play a large role in the responses of organisms to global change.

2.In response to one such aspect of global change, the eutrophication of freshwaters and associated blooms of the toxin-producing cyanobacteria species Microcystis aeruginosa, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus produces larger offspring.

3.We hypothesized that rotifers, with the short generational times, exposed to highly predictable cyanobacteria bloom conditions, may adaptively increase offspring investment and offspring fitness (i.e., the maternal match hypothesis).

4.We explicitly tested the consequences of this differential investment by rearing offspring produced by rotifers reared under Microcystis and the nontoxigenic green alga Chlamydomonas, in a full factorial design, where offspring were raised under the maternal diet or the opposite food source.

5.We measured age-specific fecundity, survival, and population growth rates under these conditions and found that maternal exposure to Microcystis decreased offspring survival and fecundity, regardless of offspring diet. Population growth rates, tested using aster models, differed significantly among maternal and neonate diets, but there was no significant interaction between the two factors.

6.Our evidence thus leads us to reject the maternal match hypothesis in this case of rotifer-toxigenic algal bloom interactions and provides further support that toxigenic algal blooms may have extensive effects on grazer populations in ways that are not evaluated using traditional, single-generation experimental methods.

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Political polarization between conservatives and liberals threatens democratic societies. Ameliorating liberal research participants' negative feelings, evaluations, and stereotypes towards conservatives might be one step into the direction of a political depolarization. In a sample of U.S.-American liberal research participants recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 271), we randomly assigned participants in a pre-post-design either to a clinical-psychological, metacognitive-intervention (MCT), an educational, or a no-treatment-no-pre-measurement-control-condition. In the MCT-condition, participants were first asked seemingly simple questions that frequently elicited incorrect responses, followed by corrective information. In the educational condition, information was conveyed in a simple narrative form. MCT was significantly more effective in ameliorating liberal participants' negative feelings, evaluations, and stereotypes towards conservatives compared to the other two control-conditions. Further, MCT-participants significantly reduced their negative feelings, negative evaluations, and perceptions of threat from pre- to post-measurement, significantly more than participants in the educational condition. The results of our preliminary study and its implications are discussed, and recommendations for further research are made.


Nano-emulsion drug delivery system such as develop to eliminate the limitations with traditional drug administration system. This review provided a good overview of the recent advances in the Nano-emulsion drug delivery system. These are nano-sized submicron emulsions developed to enhanced the circulates of active pharmaceutical ingredients to targeted site. Nano-emulsion is a homogeneous mixture of lipid and aqueous phase and stabilization is obtained through the use of an effective substance such as emulsifying agents. The droplet size has been range between the 50-500 nm. The size and shape of the substance distributed throughout the usual process differentiates of emulsion, micro-emulsion, and nano-emulsion. Nano-emulsion gives a novel dosage form for less water solubility drugs and increases pharmacological activity of drugs. Nano-emulsion is used in the future cosmetic industry, diagnostic testing, drug treatment, and biotechnology. This analysis aims to include brief information on the nano-emulsion, advantages, disadvantages, limitations of nano-emulsion, types of nano-emulsion, components of formulations, surface active agents (Surfactant), preparation methods, characterization methods with strong attention of different pharmaceutical applications of nano-emulsion in a different area such as cancer and tumors therapy, targeted drug delivery, mucosal vaccine, trans-dermal drug delivery system.


The properties of slow MHD waves in a two dimensional model are investigated, in a low-beta plasma. Including a horizontal density variation causes "phase mixing" and coupling between slow and fast MHD waves. The effects of different density profiles, different driving frequencies, different values for the viscosity coefficient and plasma beta (<1) are studied. Using numerical simulations, it was found that the behaviour of the perturbed velocity was strongly dependent on the values of the parameters. From analytical approximations, a strong interaction with the fundamental, normal modes of the system was found to play an important role. The coupling to the fast wave proved to be an inefficient way to extract energy from the driven slow wave and is unlikely to be responsible for the rapid damping of propagating slow MHD waves, observed by TRACE. The "phase mixing" of the slow waves due to the (horizontal) density inhomogeneity does cause a significant amount of damping, but is again unlikely to be sufficiently strong to explain the rapid observed damping.


This study aimed to assess the moderating effect of strategic planning on the relationship between career path planning and job performance among employees in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A convenience sample consisting of 249 participants was selected. The study used SPSS and Smart-PLS to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that strategic planning and career path planning affected SME employees' performance. In contrast, it was found that strategic planning substantially moderated the relationship between career path planning and job performance. Moreover, the results showed that SP and CPP had the greatest impact on JP. Based on the obtained findings, it is shown that the proposed hypotheses are accepted. The study revealed the impact of the moderator on the relationship between CPP and JP. The results of this study may serve as a guide for the owners and managers of enterprises and decision makers who aim to develop strategic planning and enhance employee performance.


In this paper,systematic analysis method is used to study the dynamic behavior of a kind of two-dimension nonlinear autonomous system(2.1).By adjusting the parameter b,a limit circle will be produced or extinguished.The main result is described as following: this system exists one stable limit circle if b1.


This bachelor thesis investigates "What influences the level of support given to migrants in the integration policy of EU member states?" The dependent varialbe is the support given to migrants in countries'integration policy, which is measrured through the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX).


The utility model relates to a fire-proof leading-in optical cable, which comprises a cable core and an outer protecting layer. A stainless steel sleeve is arranged between the cable core and the outer protecting layer which is made of low-flame halogen-free flame retarding material. The cable has favorable fire-proof effect, and is not easy to be damaged when a fire happens in the use occasion.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate two different drug information sources. This was achieved by comparing the time required to find an answer to a drug information question in addition to the easiness of use, comprehensiveness, breadth of information and cost of two different media namely CD-ROM database DRUGDEX and the internet Search engine "ALTAVISTA". The study was conducted at the Drug Information Center (DIC) of the College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. One hundred questions were answered using both sources and the results for each question were determined. The mean time required to find the answer was 1.70 ± 1.19 and 5.05 ± 4.52 min, using DRUGDEX and "ALTAVISTA" respectively. In terms of easiness of use, DRUGDEX ® easily answered 78% of questions versus 55% answered easily by "ALTAVISTA" (p=0.002). No statistically significant differences were found in the comprehensiveness (p=0.545), and breadth of information (p=0.102). Regarding comprehensiveness 77% versus 73% of the questions were well covered by DRUGDEX and "ALTAVISTA" respectively. While breadth of information (availability of answers) was 77% versus 86% with DRUGDEX and "ALTAVISTA" respectively. The study concluded that DRUGDEX is a faster, more efficient search source than "ALTAVISTA" search engine because it provides the answers more quickly and it is easier than "ALTAVISTA" search engine however, DRUGDEX cost per year is much higher than "ALTAVISTA" search engine. Regarding the comprehensiveness and breadth of information, both sources were comparable.


The concept of commuter vanpooling and the incentives that make it financially advantageous to the rider, the driver, and the company are examined. The primary incentive for riders is the money they can save on the commute to and from work. The farther the commute is, the greater are the savings. Convenience and camaraderie are also found to be important inducements for riders. For the driver, the incentives are a free commute to work, the possibility of getting rid of a second automobile, and personal use of the van on weekends. The incentives for 20 Texas firms that are currently operating approximately 310 vanpools are found to vary. Some companies initiated vanpooling to expand their labor market, some as a means of providing an increase in disposable income to employees, and some to save on parking costs. A detailed comparison of commuting and parking costs for automobile and vanpool is presented. Conditions in the state of Texas that have encouraged the use of vanpooling and future prospects for vanpooling in Texas are summarized. (Author)


This paper discusses the second part of a research project funded by the Iowa Department of Transportation to develop guidelines for the selection of thin maintenance surfaces (TMS) for bituminous and asphalt cement concrete roads. The first phase of the project developed qualitative selection guidelines, while the second phased refined these qualitative guidelines and developed quantitative guidelines for TMS selection. These new guidelines use the pavement condition index rating (also called the surface condition index) developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The allowable distress is chosen by considering an appropriate surface condition index value for given treatments, traffic levels and distresses. Users are expected to use judgment and may be required to interpolate or extrapolate to select a TMS for a particular traffic count. The guidelines were developed based on observations from four sets of test sections placed over three years, as well as a literature review, anecdotal evidence from government and industry experts and general observations by the researchers.


Sulfalene has a marked inhibitory action against a drug-sensitive strain of P. berghei in mice. The ED90 ranges between 0.25 and 1.0 mg/kg (given intraperitoneally daily for 4 days). The action is potentiated when the sulphonamide is given in a 1:1 mixture with pyrimethamine. This mixture shows a high level of potentiation against strains resistant to chloroquine, primaquine and sulphaphenazole, as well as against strains resistant to cycloguanil or pyrimethamine. These observations provide an experimental rationale for the application of such combinations in the treatment of individuals infected with multiple-resistant strains of P. falciparum. Other factors must be taken into consideration where large-scale administration is concerned.


The invention provides a touch control sensing apparatus, comprising a logic control module, a signal comparing module, a parallel to serial control module and an analog-digital converter. The logic control module is configured to generate a plurality of control signals with different control orders. A driving sensing control module has a parallel sensing control unit and is coupled to the logic control module. The signal comparing module has at least one amplifier and a signal selecting unit and is coupled to the logic control module. The parallel to serial control module is coupled to the logic control module. The analog-digital converter is coupled between the logic control module and the parallel to serial control module. The touch control sensing apparatus can raise anti-noise performances to increase a signal to noise ratio, thereby greatly raising judgment accuracy for touch control signals by the touch control apparatus and raising touch control quality of a touch control panel.


Instructional videos are used intensively in universities for remote education and e-learning, and a typical university course consists of videos of more than two thousand minutes in total length. This paper presents a novel graphics user interface for indexing and browsing such extensive but thematically related content. We present how the interface automatically extracts semantic indices from the visual content, and then presents both high- and low-level cues from five different conceptual viewpoints. We detail each of these novel UI units, and show how they are integrated into a user-adjustable main framework, and interconnected and navigated through user mouse events.


The problem of the multiple impacts of double flexible rods is studied. The theoretical solutions of the transient wave responses of the two rods are obtained for the processes of impacts and separations, based on the expansion of transient wave functions in a series of eigenfunctions for the St. VENANT rod. The multiple-impact force is derived from the interfacial stress at the contact ends. The interfacial stress is calculated from the solutions of the transient wave response of a temporary combined rod system during impacts. Therefore, the problem of the multiple impacts of double flexible rods is solved reasonably. The numerical results show that the effects of the transient wave propagation induced by impacts are fully considered. The present solution can obtain the multiple-impact force responses and the transient wave responses. The phenomenon of the transient wave propagation and the "sub-impact" can be found numerically as well. The effects of the initial impact velocity on the impact responses are investigated, and the numerical results show that there are some complex physical mechanisms on the multiple impacts. It is shown that the present solution can simulate reasonably the processes of multiple impacts, and the solution methods can be applied to the multiple-impact phenomena taken place in wider flexible mechanical systems.


Most studies of the so-called Proportion Problem seek to understand how lexical and structural properties of sentences containing adverbial quanti ers give rise to various proportional readings. This paper explores a related but distinct problem: given a use of a particular sentence in context, why do only some of the expected proportional readings seem to be available? That is, why do some sentences allow an asymmetric reading when other structurally similar sentences seem to require a symmetric reading? Potential factors suggested in the literature include the distribution of donkey pronouns, certain uniqueness implications, and focus structures. I argue here that a use of an adverbial quantier presupposes HOMOGENEITY: all individual situations that get lumped into a single case for the purposes of evaluating the quanti cation must agree on whether they satisfy the nuclear scope. For instance, in order for a token of Usually, if a farmer owns a donkey, he beats it to be felicitous when construed under a farmer-dominant asymmetric reading, the context must be consistent with the proposition that each farmer either beats all or none of his donkeys. Thus proportional sentences are indeed systematically ambiguous, but only some readings will be felicitous in a given context. 1. Truth conditions for proportional adverbial quanti ers It has been well known at least since Partee (1984) that sentences involving adverbial quanti ers can be ambiguous across a number of distinct sets of truth


Wireless energy supply for an MAV propulsion system using microwave was developed. This system consists of three sub system; the transmitter system, the rectenna system, and the tracking system. In the transmitter system five horn antennas were used as the antenna elements for the phased array system and both the beam divergence and steering angle was about 9deg. Eight rectennas were arrayed in parallel to obtain enough power to drive the electric motor on the MAV (the voltage was 250mV and the current was 6.8mA) in rectenna system. In tracking system two units of antenna system with leaf pattern which received the linearly-polarized wave despite the MAV yaw angle were set in each axis (x, y) for tracking an MAV in a 2-Dimentional space. And three output voltages V com V 1 and V 2 were loaded in the PC to detect if the distance between transmitter and receiver was not constant. Finally when the microwave beam was steered by the phased array system the output voltage from rectenna was measured at 62cm while the MAV circled around above the transmitter system.


*Summary: This paper presents an economic dispatch model for natural gas power plants considering pipeline network constraints. The proposed model integrates the operation of the power plant system with the operation of the natural gas pipeline network. The methodology decomposes the problem in two subproblems. The first corresponds to an electrical economic dispatch model and the second is a pipeline network operational model. The proposed approach was applied to an example of three power plants supplied by a gas system.


In spite of the fact that a great deal has been written about electroshock therapy (BCT), such as the side effects, administrative techniques and so on, very little has been reported concerning the attitude of patients towards it. Authors who mention their patients' perception of BCT usually relate it to the category of 'patients' fear of' (1). It is true that clinical impressions suggest that patients do manifest a great deal of anxiety toward BCT, but these impressions are usually based on isolated and dramatic cases and may mask more positive attitudes than previously suspected.


This paper designs a new type Emergency Power Supply,using Infineon microcontroller as its core. Determine the working status of the system by testing electric network condition.Rectifier charging circuit and inverter discharging circuit share a same circuit topology,the switching action between them realized by software.


Disclosed is a device comprising a user input unit which receives a touch input of a user; a communication unit which transmits a recommendation item request including identification information of the device, corresponding to the touch input receives at least one selected recommendation item based on the identification information of the device from the server; a display unit which displaying a recommendation panel including the at least one received recommendation item; and a control unit which controls the communication unit to receive the recommendation item by using a resident program installed in the device and controls the display unit to display the recommendation panel. The recommendation panel is displayed based on the touch input.


This article discourses the difference at the process between the one pole boring cutter using one boring head and the cutter using two boring head during the mechanical workout.And it lists the related data for reference.


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Abstract Thermodynamic conditions of transition states at the melting of crystalline materials have been investigated by the technique of digital differential thermal analysis. Cooperative pre-and post-melting effects are non-equilibrium phase transitions and can be characterized by a system of thermodynamical parameters J. This system of parameters characterizes the formation of specific structure states in a material as pre-and post-melting mesophases.


Effects of various device dimensional parameters, electrode materials, and carbon nanotube (CNT)-electrode configuration on CNT thin-film transistor (TFT) performance (ON/OFF ratio and field effect mobility) were studied systematically using various semiconducting singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), including Brewer Science's high-purity, surfactant-free semiconductingenriched SWCNT dispersion. It was found that the ON/OFF ratio increases with the increase in channel length and starts to saturate beyond the 20-μm channel length. The ratio decreases with an increase in the channel width, but only at longer channel lengths. The ON/OFF ratio dropped while mobility increased drastically at lower CNT channel resistance. Palladium electrodes offered much better TFT performance than silver electrodes. Sandwiching CNTs between metal electrodes in electrode regions did not have an obvious advantage in device performance over a bottomonly electrode/CNT configuration.


Typically, mutual information is defined and studied between just two variables. Though the approach to evaluate bivariate mutual information is well established, several problems in multi-user information theory require the knowledge of interaction between more than two variables. Since there exists dependency between the variables, we cannot decipher their relationship without considering all of them at once. The seminal work on the informationtheoretic analysis of the interaction between more than two variables (or in other words, multivariate mutual information) was first studied in [1]. If several sources transmit information to a receiver, the bivariate model with certainly fail to discriminate effects due to uncontrolled sources from those due to random variability. We should not confuse the impairments due to system noise with the absence of knowledge of the association between the inputs. Besides, in a practical scenario, we don't know in advance as to how many sources are transmitting information. By employing the multivariate model, we can effectively measure the effects due to the various transmitting sources. It provides a simple method for evaluating and testing dependencies in multidimensional frequency data or contingency tables.


Objective To study the effects of propofol on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin-10(IL-10)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in rat cerebrum undergoing ischemia and reperfusion.Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups with 6 rats each.The rats in group S accepted sharm operation as the controls,in group IR focal cerebral ischemia by temporary bilateral carotid artery clamping,in group PP infusion of propofol 50 mg·kg-1·h-1 at 60 min before ischemia,in group PA infusion of propofol 50 mg·kg-1·h-1 at 10 min after reperfusion,and in group P(without cerebral ischemia)infusion of propofol 50 mg·kg-1·h-1 alone.Concentrations of TNF-α and IL-10 in the cerebrum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbance assay(ELISA).An isotope([32P]-ATP)technique was applied for detecting nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in rat cerebral cortex.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)was performed in nuclear extracts from cerebral tissues.Results Compared with group S,TNF-α of group IR increased [(2.57±0.19)pg/g vs.(1.60±0.15)pg/g](P0.05),so did the IL-10 [(11.59±1.32)pg/g vs.(7.97±1.96)pg/g](P0.05).Compaered with group IR,TNF-α of group PP decreased [(1.88±0.26)pg/g vs.(2.57±0.19)pg/g](P0.05),so did the IL-10 [(8.35±1.00)pg/g vs.(11.59±1.32)pg/g](P0.05),with decreased activity of NF-κB.There was no significant difference in the levels of TNF-α,IL-10 and NF-κB between group IR and group PA.The changes of IL-10 and NF-κB activity were parallel to that of TNF-α.Conclusion Pre-treatment with propofol can prevent the elevation of inflammatory factors in the cerebrum undergoing ischemia and reperfusion,which was not when used after cerebral ischemia.The effect of propofol on reduction of TNF-α production in ischemic cerebrum may be through inhibiting transduction pathway of NF-κB.


A planning of large-scale PV system installed in a desert has been studied. This study has defined the conditions of estimation for suitable land in order to set up large-scale photovoltaic with remote sensing. Basis requirements for the land selection of PV systems are considered that the land surface should be flat and rigid and should not move like sand dune, mountain and river basin are also excluded. Authors show the identified examples of a flat ground, a sand dune and mountain by the combination of types of processed images, i.e. the image which is presumed as conglomerate desert, the image which is presumed as desert steppe, and the image which is extracted as an edge line by using various filters. So far, we could indicate that a detail classification algorithm for right land is developed. It is concluded that this proposed method can provide sufficient information for the planning of PV system installations.


practices, to show that taste is an activity and not a passive or determined state. We use the words 'amateur', 'taste' and 'lover' in their broad senses referring to any form of love or practice, and not only the restrictive cultured sense of a connoisseurship centred on a knowledge of the object itself. Amateurism is contrasted, on the one hand, to the lack of concern of lay-people who pay little attention to what they eat or listen to, and, on the other hand, to the certified expertise of the professional. These three levels differ more as types of engagement than as degrees of intensity. We were especially interested in great amateurs, not because their knowledge of the product is greater, but because their reflexive activity on the object of their passion more clearly reveals the diverse forms and devices, gestures and timings, training and guides, needed for such an involved taste to develop. Throughout the discussion we also examine systematic comparisons between types of attachment, contrasting food with, primarily, music: a historical repertoire and a complex performance, centred on a mysterious state of emotion induced, in the case of music; and, by contrast, a concentrated object, giving immediate physical pleasure or satisfaction and instantly destroyed by its own tasting, in the case of food. The idea was the same: comparison is a good means by which to further our understanding of these diverse forms and media of taste, depending on the products tasted. Our purpose here is to present and justify a new research programme on food taste. A systematic and critical review of the most prominent research on the subject has revealed that when it comes to the status of products concerned with taste, the various disciplines are divided, unsatisfactorily, along the lines of a nature–culture approach: either food products are just things and their properties are analysed through laboratory tests and measurements; or they are simply signs, the media for various rites and mechanisms of social identity, in which case their physical reality disappears in the analysis. In our opinion, this duality is detrimental in so far as it eliminates the very object of taste, i.e. it obscures the inevitable uncertainty about the effect that arises, about 1 Discovering quality or performing taste? A sociology of the amateur


The study discussed the relationship on the chopping time, chopping speed and texture among the emulsion sausage. Several factors were determined, including the hardness, springiness, cohesion, chewing and reversion, in different chopping time and speed with response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that chopping speed had a significant influence on the hardness, springiness, and reversion of emulsion sausage. It indicated that chopping time had a significant influence on the reversion of emulsion sausage. The interaction of chopping time and speed had a significant influence on the hardness and reversion of emulsion sausage. When the chopping speed was 6000 r/min, chopping time was 9 min, the texture of the emulsion sausage would be better.


In this paper, a rectilinear jigsaw puzzle is taken up as a specialized placement problem such that it has at least one solution of placement, but not so many in general. In order to solve this problem, instead of adopting the well known iterative method, a new game-theoretic algorithm is developed by translating the problem to a checkmate problem of a game analogous to chess or shogi. It is proved by numerical experiments that this works well with good efficiency.


Many people (particularly women) see entrepreneurship as a way of achieving a better balance between work and family than that provided by paid employment. Fifty-eight entrepreneurs were interviewed in New Zealand (32 women and 26 men) in order to explore the work-family conflict they face, the techniques they use to achieve work–family balance and the effectiveness of these strategies. Our study finds that women entrepreneurs employ a number of flexible work practices, such as choosing where to work, when to work and with whom to work as well as managing their roles within the family. This study concludes that entrepreneurship may not be a panacea for achieving work–family balance. We offer some suggestions for how entrepreneurs may better achieve work–family balance.


This article presents a new technology for fabrication of a single-phase CCD. This new technology called virtual phase (VP) employs only a single level gate structure, and is, therefore, ideally suited for fabrication of large-area high-performance devices with high yield, The fundamentals of operation of VP CCD's are discussed, and the advantages and limitations of this new technology are presented. The design, fabrication, and operation of a 490 × 328 TV compatible VP imager is described, and performance parameters as well as imagery are presented.


The history of imperialism during the nineteenth century, a truly global subject and the immediate background to the contemporary age of world history, invites sweeping interpretation. Such analysis runs the risk of failing to take into account the local dimension of expansion, and historians have largely neglected this local factor in their attempts to explain the growth of France's formal and informal empires during this period. Mesmerized by developments on the national and international levels, they have usually preferred to consign the local history of French expansion to antiquarians and parochial chauvinists. Yet local history, as Marc Bloch and others have demonstrated brilliantly, should be the place to focus investigation in order to determine the influence of larger developments within particular localities and, equally important, to scrutinize the local origins of larger developments. A survey of the imperialist tendencies manifested in Bordeaux, Marseille and Lyon during the nineteenth century, especially during its last decade, suggests that too many historians have overlooked the factor of municipal imperialism, the imperialist undertakings of certain provincial cities, and thus contributed to the formulation of the now orthodox view that economic motivation had very little to do with French expansion. A focus on these three cities, on the other hand, indicates that their business communities, like those of other provincial ports and textile centres, developed major stakes in colonial conquests and the acquisition of influence in semi-colonial regions and, consequently, provided powerful and, perhaps more important, consistently sustained support for expansion. This study represents a first sounding of deep waters, and much remains to be done in the way of uncovering the imperialist concerns of particular urban elites, placing their specific interests within a larger pattern of municipal imperialism, measuring the continuities and discontinuities in municipal imperialist traditions which reached back from the nineteenth century into the ancien regime, and setting the municipal imperialist factor into the more general context of French expansion. Such work will have to be


This work investigates the effect of maltodextrin addition on the main powder properties during spray drying of tomato pulp in dehumidified air. A pilot-scale spray dryer was employed for the spray-drying process. The modification made to the original design consisted in connecting the spray dryer inlet air intake to an absorption air dryer. 21 DE, 12 DE, and 6 DE maltodextrins were used as drying agents. Tomato pulp was spray dried at inlet air temperatures of 130, 140, and 150°C and (tomato pulp solids)/(maltodextrin solids) ratios of 4.00, 1.00, and 0.25. The tomato powders were analyzed for rheological properties, moisture content, bulk density, solubility, hygroscopicity, and degree of caking. It was found that maltodextrin addition improved powder hygroscopicity, caking, and solubility, whereas it deteriorated slightly its moisture content and density. In addition, analysis of experimental data yielded correlations between powder properties and the above-mentioned variable operating conditions. Regression analysis was used to fit a full second-order polynomial, reduced second-order polynomials, and linear models to the data of each of the properties evaluated. F values for all reduced and linear models with an R 2 ≥ 0.70 were calculated to determine if the models could be used in place of full second-order polynomials.


This paper describes the journey through France, Switzerland, Austria-Hungary, Germany and Belgium that was undertaken in August and September 1882 by Manuel Bartolomé Cossío, the foremost Spanish educationist of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in order to examine European education museums and schools with a view to preparing himself for the directorship of the Museo Pedagógico Nacional of Madrid, which he would occupy in December 1883. Cossío described this experience in a diary and a notebook in which he recorded his opinion of the institutions and educationists he visited in Paris, Berne, Zurich, Munich, Vienna, Prague, Dresden, Berlin, Leipzig, Cologne and Brussels; the former included the Ecole Alsacienne in Paris and the Pädagogium in Vienna, and the latter Friedrich Dittes, Henriette Breymann and Alexis Sluys. Not only do Cossío's notes illustrate his personality and provide a subjective snapshot of the state of European education museums in the early 1880s; this tour is a paradigm of one way in which educational ideas and practices were propagated throughout nineteenth-century Europe by discriminating observers whose accounts served to open new horizons and legitimise educational innovation. Cossío found no ideal model for the Madrid museum, but what he saw moulded a project of transnational inspiration by combining autochthonous Spanish initiatives with the most fruitful trends developed in other European cultures that was to exert a profound influence on Spanish education.


The author had the pleasure to be involved in the pioneering experiments on the nonlinear acoustic wave propagation in crystals and metals (1960). It was found that even for small wave amplitudes acoustic harmonics generation took place for longitudinal waves. The results obtained were interpreted from the point of view of Hooke's law nonlinearity due to nonparabolic interaction potential taking into account accumulation effects in nondispersive media. Besides that, transversal acoustic waves under some external effects like pressure, heating, etc., also demonstrated nonlinear behavior despite that it was forbidden in a framework of crystal lattice theory. It was accounted for by the development of structural disturbations in a material and seemed to be the first attempt to demonstrate the importance of acoustic nonlinear nondestructive testing of different materials. It was shown later that some construction materials and rocks have much higher nonlinear parameter values than those for crystals and metal...


It is shown that (1) the exceptional numerical efficiency of the Rayleigh–Fourier method for h/d (h is the height and d is the period of a sinusoidal grating) as large as 0.5 could not have been discovered by Petit and Cadilhac in 1966 and (2) the Rayleigh least-squares method does not converge numerically for all h/d, these facts being in contradication to the assertions made by Hugonin et al. [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.71, 593 ( 1981)].


Recently, it was shown that the extreme Kerr black hole is the only candidate for a (Kerr) black hole limit of stationary and axisymmetric, uniformly rotating perfect fluid bodies with a zero temperature equation of state. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for reaching the black hole limit are presented.


I've spent most of my life in education, as a pupil, student, teacher, lecturer and manager. At every moment, I have had a sense of being a bit of a leader: for example, I led an investigation into the Incas while in primary school, later, I led half a university. At the same time, I had a sense I was a follower. Yes, I admit it: I was a follower. There were teachers, head teacher, tutors, supervisors, heads of department and vice chancellors, all, at various times, in leadership positions over me. Why is that so hard to admit? Leadership is much talked about, written about, researched and celebrated. But followership seems to me to be leadership's forgotten companion, ignored, an embarrassment. Followership is the f-word that we hate to use. Chaleff, one of the few enthusiastic writers on followership, nevertheless writes of the 'deepest discomfort with the term follower', as '[i]t conjures up images of docility, conformity, weakness, and failure to excel' (Chaleff, 2009: 3). I want to explore the ethics and the politics of followership because, without it, leadership cannot be justified.


This research is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of reciprocal teaching strategy embedding critical thinking for students' reading comprehension at the second grade of MIA at MAN 1 Kendari. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed to investigate the effectiveness of the method, as well as students' perception. The study was guided by two research questions: (a) does reciprocal teaching method embedding critical thinking (RTT+) affect MIA second graders' reading comprehension; (b) how do students perceive RTT+? Ninety-seven students participated in the present study.    The instruments   of   the   study   were   reading   comprehension   test   and questionnaires. Reading comprehension test was administered on two different occasions; before and after treatment, whereas questionnaires were administered prior to the end of the study. Paired sample t-test was employed to examine possible differences in students' pre- and post- test  scores. The  results  show  significant  improvement  in  students'  post-test  scores. Implications of the study will be critically discussed in this paper. Key words: Reciprocal Teaching Method, Critical Thinking, RTT+, Reading Comprehension.


This chapter investigates the role of online communities in the future of learning. It considers the paradigm shift from the "push" of more formal educational models, to the notion of "pull" whereby people actively pursue personalized learning experiences. Empowered by the internet and the ability to access information and connect to each other at any time, massive online communities are building vast pools of information around specialized topics such as 3D printing, coding and electronics. This chapter discusses the role of digital technologies in transforming educational models. It provides an argument that practice-led, self-directed research is changing the way people engage with learning. The argument is supported by examples of practice from online communities, university and school education, drawing together key considerations for the future of education that are particularly relevant for technology and educational researchers, teachers across disciplines and those developing higher-level curriculum directives.


When compared to the other candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe, Romania emerged as a laggard of transition. Its integration into the European Union has been marked by much uncertainty and setbacks, as well as profound delays in fulfilling the EU's entry conditions. As a difficult case, the dynamics of Romania's EU accession provide insight into the potential and limits of the EU's leverage, revealing how domestic factors can be decisive in constraining external influence. Focusing on the reform trajectory in the fields of judiciary reforms, anti-corruption and external border policies between 1989 and 2007, this study assesses the interaction between EU politics and domestic politics and the role of domestic factors in slowing down internal reforms. By identifying the domestic conditions under which conditionality is likely to more, or less, successful, this study contributes to the Europeanization and enlargement literature. By assessing the preparations for accession in the field of Justice and Home Affairs, this research also fills a major lacuna in the existing specialised literature.


Today, all over the world the number of installed wind turbines is increasing continuously. This causes more and more problems concerning the integration of the fluctuating wind power production into the existing electrical supply systems. To handle these problems the main aim for the future must be to guarantee the security of supply and the quality of electrical energy by taking the maximum advantage of the available wind potentials. In this part of the paper, a method based on thermodynamical modelling is described to evaluate the limits and options of dynamic operation mode of coal-fired power plants. The thermodynamic model is presented briefly followed by a validation of the model. In order to interpret actual loads i.e. of the thick-walled components of the steam generator two strategies of fatigue estimation based on guidelines of the Deutsche Dampfkessel Ausschuss (DDA) and the Forschungskuratium Maschinenbau (FKM) are proposed.


The study of Chinese logic started as the second wave of Western traditional logic spread through China. Following Sun Yirang's initial work and Liu Shipei's development of it, this field was preliminarily established by Hu Shi, Zhang Shizhao and Guo Zhanbo. Since the 1980s, it became commonplace to systematize Chinese logic based on the Western system of logic. Since the 1990s, though, the Chinese academic community has begun to reflect on this research method, which has led to the trend of reverting to Chinese culture and its own logic.


In the last decades camera systems have continuously evolved and havefound wide range of applications. One of the main applications of amodern camera system is surveillance in outdoor areas. The camerasystem, based on local computations, can detect and classify objectsautonomously. However, the distance of the objects from the cameraplays a vital role on the classification results. This could be speciallychallenging when lighting conditions are varying.Therefore, in this thesis, we are examining the effect of changing dis-tances on object in terms of number of pixels. In addition, the effect ofdistance on classification is studied by preparing four different sets. Forconsideration of high signal to noise ratio, we are integrating thermaland visual image sensors for the same test in order to achieve betterspectral resolution. In this study, four different data sets, thermal, visu-al, binary from visual and binary from thermal have been prepared totrain the classifier. The categorized objects include bicycle, human andvehicle.Comparative studies have been performed in order to identify the datasets accuracy. It has been demonstrated that for fixed distances bi-leveldata sets, obtained from visual images, have better accuracy. By usingour setup, the object (human) with a length of 179 and width of 30 hasbeen classified correctly with minor error up to 150 meters for thermal,visual as well as binary from visual. Moreover, for bi-level images fromthermal, the human object has been correctly classified as far away as250 meters.


In late February 2020, Turkish authorities declared that they would not avoid refugees who wanted to exit to Europe as a result of which Edirne faced another, this time massive, refugee movement in its history. Eventually, the flocking of hundreds and thousands of desperate people for the purpose of crossing to the European Union (EU) turned into a situation in which Turkey, Greece as well as the European Union involved. This paper investigates the Pazarkule case by analysing foreign policy concerns of both Greece and Turkey. It holds this foreign policy-migration nexus behind Turkey's as well as Greece's policy responses and introduces a comparative study by analysing both Greek and Turkish official discourse and sources. This research argues that although Turkey's and Greece's refugee policy responses seem to be quite different, they actually have similar aims. That is, both countries use their strategic relations with the EU for their own foreign policy concerns by underlining their foremost importance for the Union in terms refugees trying to make their way to Europe.


The role of the shock absorber is outlined. Theoretical aspects are studied including the problem of symmetrical and asymmetrical damping, and that of the compromise between comfort and road holding. The integration of the shock absorber in the suspension system is examined, and the best solution described. Contrary to the general opinion, the law of effort as a function of speed does not completely describe the performance of a hydraulic shock absorber. The operation of shock absorbers is analyzed from the point of view of fluid mechanics, transmission of vibrations and by hysteresis. The desirable characteristics of a shock absorber are listed and compared with those of the different devices used at the present time. Different methods of representing the characteristics of a shock absorber are evaluated, and a simple method easy to interpret is proposed. The damping characteristics of several vehicles are represented so as to show the possible differences.


Combining traditional methods of microbiology and modern techniques of molecular biology,this study analyzed the microbial communities of biofilms attached to PPR,galvanized steel and copper pipes for indoor water supply.The results indicated that biofilms having developed for about one year on three pipes above,6,5 and 3 species of dominant heterotrophic bacteria were isolated respectively;proportion of number of dominant heterotrophic bacteria of Class α-Proteobacteria to number of heterotrophic bacteria increased in turn while the number of species of dominant heterotrophic bacteria and proportion of number of dominant heterotrophic bacteria of Class β-Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria decreased in turn.What's more,there were opportunistic pathogens existing as dominant heterotrophic bacteria in biofilms of PPR and galvanized steel pipe,but no opportunistic pathogens or pathogens were isolated as dominant heterotrophic bacteria from biofilm attached to copper pipe.


SUMMARY In case of fire dynamics simulation requirements to reliable results are most often very high due to the severe consequences of erroneous results. At the same time it is a well known fact that fire dynamics simulation constitutes rather complex physical phenomena which apart from flow and energy equations require solution of the issues of combustion and gas radiation to mention a few. This paper performs a sensitivity analysis of a fire dynamics simulation on a benchmark case where measurement results are available for comparison. The analysis is performed using the method of Elementary Effects (Morris method). The parameters considered are selected among physical parameters and program specific parameters. The influence on the calculation result as well as the CPU time is considered. It is found that the result is highly sensitive to many parameters even though the sensitivity varies significantly among them. An importance ranking of the parameters is provided.


The photoisomerization reaction of a novel type of azo-Compounds was studied in chloroform.It is found that the electronic spectra of the new type of azo-Compounds,both cis and trans,are substantially redshifted.


Kimura disease (KD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that presents as painless or pruritic subcutaneous lesions with in the head and neck, especially in the parotid and submandibular regions. Peripheral eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE levels are the characteristics of the disease. Here, we present a case of Kimura Disease in Infraorbital region of face manifesting with a huge mass lesion.


Three experiments based on the text-change paradigm examined the effect of sentential load, semantic relatedness/unrelatedness, and sex on depth of lexical-semantic processing in L1 and L2 reading. Experiment 1 and 2 showed that there is no significant effect of sentential load on depth of lexical-semantic processing in L1 and L2 reading. On the other hand, they confirmed the existence of a significant effect of semantic relatedness/unrelatedness on depth of lexical-semantic processing in L1 and L2 reading. Experiment 3 consolidated the results obtained from experiment 1 and 2 and revealed that load is neither localized at the embedded verb nor at the adverb phrase positions. Finally, sex proved not to have an effect on depth of lexical-semantic processing in L1 and L2 reading. The present study showed that all embedded relative clauses and not just object-extracted relative clauses decrease deep processing.


The New Energy Paradigm provides an overview of the current energy policy debate, contextualized by the oil shock from 2000, and considers how the trends in international energy markets impact on security of supply and climate change. It includes a discussion of market design, looks at carbon and oil markets, and considers best practice for effective policy design. Contributors to this volume - Scott Barrett, The Johns Hopkins University Fatih Birol, International Energy Agency, Paris Gert Brunekreeft, University of Cambridge Gareth Evans, Office of Gas and Energy Markets Bassam Fattouh, SOAS, The University of London Richard Green, University of Birmingham Malcolm Grimston, Royal Institute of International Affairs Dieter Helm, New College, Oxford Cameron Hepburn, St. Hughes College, University of Oxford Anouk Honore, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Paul Joskow, MIT Alexander Kemp, University of Aberdeen Tanga McDaniel, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Karsten Neuhoff, University of Cambridge John Scott, Office of Gas and Energy Markets Linda Stephen, University of Aberdeen Paul Stevens, University of Dundee Jonathan Stern, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Catherine Waddams Price, University of East Anglia


Abstract Trivalent lanthanide complexes of the general formula [Ln(Habth)2Cl2]Cl [Ln = La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III), Gd(III), Tb(III) and Dy(III); Habth = 2-aminobenzo-phenone-2-thenoylhydrazone] were prepared and characterized using magnetic moments, molar conductance and UV_VIS, IR and emission spectroscopy.


Based on the teaching and learning process of infinite series,this article explores how to use the heuristic and problem heuristic teaching,cultivates students' basic mathematics literacy including actively exploring and seizing the nature of mathematical problems,cultivating good scientific attitude and innovative spirit,expressing accurately their mathematical thinking,cultivating multiple perspectives to explore the methods to solve the problem.


In 2003, Church in Wales clergy were surveyed in order to ascertain their views on Christian initiation. The resulting data are compared with data collected from a fifty percent sample of Church in Wales clergy carried out in 1993. Analysis shows that significant changes have taken
place in respect of some of the views of clergy on initiation over the decade. In particular, the evidence suggests that while a high percentage of clergy supported an open baptismal policy in 1993, an even higher percentage support such a policy in 2003. The data also
suggest that a higher percentage of clergy in 2003 are supportive of both children and adults being admitted to Holy Communion without prior confirmation but not without preparation. There is little evidence to
suggest that these views are either age-related or sex-related. There is, however, evidence to suggest that the views of clergy are influenced by
their rural or urban location while many of the views of clerics would appear to differ according to their church orientation and/or theological persuasion. Most notably, evangelical clergy tend to express many significant points of difference in viewpoint to catholic clergy and the
differences between evangelical and catholic clergy have widened between 1993 and 2003. These changes may be indicative of a fragmentation taking place in the Church in Wales but they could be evidence of God speaking to his Church at a time of change. Either way, they need to be monitored and examined.


In many areas of application, like environment, finance, insurance and statistical quality control, and on the basis of a sample of either independent, identically distributed or possibly weakly dependent and stationary random variables from an unknown model F, it is a common practice to estimate the valueat-risk (VaR) at a small level q, i.e. a high quantile of probability 1 − q, i.e. a high enough value so that the chance of an exceedance of that value is equal to q, often smaller than 1 n ⁄ , where n is the size of the available sample. The semi-parametric estimation of these high quantiles depends heavily on a reliable estimation of the extreme value index (EVI), one of the primary parameters of extreme events, related to the heaviness of the right tail of F. It happens that most semi-parametric VaR-estimators available in the literature do not enjoy the adequate behaviour, i.e. they do not suffer the appropriate linear shift in the presence of linear transformations of the data, as does any theoretical quantile. For heavy tails, i.e. for a positive EVI, new VaR-estimators were introduced with such behaviour, the socalled PORT VaR-estimators, with PORT standing for peaks over a random threshold. Regarding EVIestimation, new classes of PORT EVI-estimators, based on powerful generalizations of the Hill EVIestimator were recently introduced. Now, also for heavy tails, we discuss the use of new classes of VaRestimators with the aforementioned behaviour, using classes of EVI-estimators based on adequate generalized means related to the Hill EVI-estimators.


Purpose:To investigate the behavior of perflubutane microbubbles outside and inside Kupffer cells during diagnostic ultrasound (US) examination, and to determine the thresholds of the acoustic pressure of different kinds of behavior. Methods:Acoustic behavior of perflubutane microbubbles inside and outside Kupffer cells in an acoustic field induced by a clinical US transducer and equipment was optically observed in vitro. The acoustic pressure was measured simultaneously by a calibrated hydrophone and an oscilloscope. Results:The acoustic behavior of microbubbles was optically categorized as stabilization, oscillation, transposition, shrinkage, and destruction. The mechanical index (MI) displayed on the US equipment correlated well with the acoustic pressure at the level of microbubbles measured hydrophonically. At a frame rate of 15 Hz with a frequency of 3.5 MHz and pulse repetition frequency of 3 KHz, the thresholds in term of MI for free microbubbles to begin oscillation, reach best oscillation, transposition, shrinkage, and destruction were 0.21, 0.44, 0.53, 0.75, and 1.03, respectively. Although adherent and phagocytosed microbubbles showed more stability enduring insonation compared with free microbubbles, the thresholds of shrinkage and destruction were MI 1.03 and 1.18 for adherent microbubbles, and 1.18 and 1.37 for phagocytosed microbubbles, respectively. Neither oscillation nor transposition of microbubbles inside Kupffer cells was observed microscopically. No cell damage because of microbubbles destruction was found in the present study. Conclusion:Perflubutane microbubbles outside and inside Kupffer cells respond to external US insonation with same parameters of a clinical contrast-enhanced US study according to the acoustic pressure. Free microbubbles behave as stabilization, oscillation, transposition, shrinkage, and destruction under insonation. The adherent and phagocytosed microbubbles are more stable under insonation than free microbubbles, but still respond showing shrinkage and destruction when MI is over 1.03.


The article describes an in-house executive development programme run by the authors in a leading banking group in the CEE region. The programme attempts to follow a systemic approach to learning and contains a mix of elements including action learning, classroom teaching, study, peer support and feedback and 'learning visits' to participants' workplaces. Lean service principles and techniques are taught within this context: participants are subsequently engaged in starting to apply these in their own business contexts. The learning cycle of Plan–Do–Review–Learn informs the programme throughout: the principle is 'no learning without action, no action without learning'.


The gonads of Paracanthobrama guichenoti were sampled during one year. The histological characteristics,annual development of ovary and spermary of P. guichenoti were observed by paraffin slice and HE staining techniques. The results showed that P. guichenoti spawned only once in a year and the age of sexual maturity is one year old. The ovarian development was partial synchronous,and its spawning period lasted from March to May. In the reproductive cycle,the development of gonads could be divided into six stages. The female gonadosomatic indexs( GSI) were ranging from 1. 01% to 16. 5% all the year round,while the GSI of male were ranging from 0. 08% to 0. 93%. The spermary had typical lobular structures,the sperms developed through five stages,including androgone,first spermatocyte,secondary spermatocyte,spermatoblast and mature sperms.


What kinds of essays are you required to write in the Australian School of Business? Some of the essays you are required to write in the Australian School of Business are similar in type to those found in Arts Faculty courses: an issue is identified and a question is asked in relation to that issue. Your task is to construct an argument that supports your own perspective on how that question should be answered. Other essay assignments are a kind of essay/report 'hybrid' assignment. Some lecturers set assignments that are called "report essay". When this happens the lecturer wants you to write a paper that has characteristics of both essays and reports.


A new approach on label encoding is proposed, based on a combination of OFSK modulated label with an OOK modulated payload on the same optical carrier, for the realisation of the All Optical Label Swapping.


Abscesses are walled-off collections of infected fluids containing pus and bacteria. They are often treated with percutaneous drainage in which a drainage catheter may be sutured in place for up to several weeks. Complications such as clogged drains or secondary infections require rehospitalization and wound management. Bacteria are susceptible to mechanical damage, and thus we hypothesize that histotripsy may be a potential new paradigm for treating abscesses noninvasively, without the need for long term catheterization and antibiotics. We developed a porcine animal model that recapitulates some of the features of human abscesses (including size and loculations). Boiling and cavitation histotripsy treatments were applied to subcutaneous and intramuscular abscesses in this porcine model. Ultrasound imaging was used to evaluate abscess maturity, for treatment monitoring and assessment of post-treatment outcomes. Disinfection was quantified by counting bacteria colonies from samples aspirated before and after treatment. Histopathological evaluation of the abscesses was performed to identify changes resulting from histotripsy treatment and potential collateral damage. The results of this pilot study suggest focused ultrasound may lead to a technology for in situ treatment of acoustically accessible abscesses.


Glucose metabolism plays a very important role in fruit quality.It is mainly governed by carbohydrate metabolism and the related enzyme activities.And,leaf photosynthesis and fruit development are closely related with starch catabolism.The amylase activities in Poon-kan and Macrott oranges after mixed grafting were monitored for this study.The results showed that the amylase activity of Macrott was higher than that of Poon-kan in general.At the same time,the amylase activity of Poon-kan was enhanced after the mixed grafting.The activity changes of the two orange varieties tended to be similar.


"What One Nation would be saying is that they have no place in Australia. They are only to be here temporarily ... Can you imagine what temporary entry would mean for them? It would mean that people would never know whether they were able to remain here. There would be uncertainty, particularly in terms of the attention given to learning English, and in addressing the torture and trauma so they are healed from some of the tremendous physical and psychological wounds they have suffered. So, I regard One Nation's approach as being highly unconscionable in a way that most thinking people would clearly reject." (Phillip Ruddock, Australian Minister for Immigration, Multiculturalism and Indigenous Affairs, 1998).


The anodic oxidation of aluminium was carried out in the electrolyte sulphuric acid to which was added glycerine. The product obtained was excellent in the thickness of film, hardness, and corrosion resistance.The coating ratio increased with the concentration of glycerine until 5%, and gradually decreased above 5%.The reason of the increase of the ratio should be assumed as follows: the temperature rise due to the heat generated during electrolysis may be prevented by the presence of glycerine, which would reduce the dissolution of coating into the electrolyte.


Energy harvesting emerges as a promising technology for the development of future digital communications regarding the paradigm of green communications. In this scenario, the most relevant characteristic is the use of renewable energy to power wirelessly electronics devices in a microwatt scale. By means of this technology several advantages are achieved in the field of wireless communications. Self-powered systems are developed to increase battery lifetime and to achieve lower operating cost. The main applications are reported in the fields of wireless sensor networks, cellular network, as a key component for the deployment of 5G, in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems to asset tracking, and in cognitive radio paradigm. The major problem is that energy sources are time-variant and unpredictable, which in turn causes several constrains in the processing capability of these devices. RF sources are presented as an attractive solution since it does not depend on nature and it provides relatively predictable energy supply. In this sense, the current article is addressed to model theoretically RF energy harvesting systems and describe the main limitations and practical issues. Several solutions are analyzed with the objective to improve performance and reliability. The mainly components of harvesting nodes and the practical considerations of circuits design are also described. Open challenges are presented as guideline of future researches.


Model Based Development appears to progress extremely in large scale software companies. UML (Unified Modeling Language) is raising as an utility in software development. In object oriented development, the complete details for the lifecycle are provided by UML. UML is a standard modeling language, so that it is used for analysis, design and implementation of software based systems. Clone detection in UML models examines duplicated parts, which can be reused and will reduce maintenance cost. The prime prospect of this paper is to demonstrate an innovative contribution of novel technique and profitable strategy designed to find clones in UML Sequence Diagrams. UML sequence diagrams (SDs) are mainly used to model the behaviour of web applications and other interactive applications where the sequencing of interactions over time needs to be specified. In this paper an approach suffix array is implemented using arraylist to detect model clones. The advantage of this approach is that clone detection in sequence diagrams helps us to inspect the duplicate parts at earlier stage in the software development process, suffix array consumes less memory and executes faster.


The most important social institution is the family. Each individual, as a member of a society takes the first lessons of his life within the family. So the family is really the first school in the formation of everyone's character. Naturally arises the question whether the family will continue to maintain its functions as reproductive, material and moral? The concept of family has changed from time to time.It is worth it to emphasise that the existence of the family will be apraised , although it constantly evolves. Is there a desire to create something compact where reigns love and care for each other and also everyone's desire to inherit his genes as one of the primary goals of human beings How is freedom understood? How will individuals react to the responsabilities. The new and modern factors (such as technology development, new forms of cohabitation, welfare, individualism and competition even within familles) are negatively or positively affecting the existence or destruction of the family as one of the most important cells of all time.
 DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n3p271


Phytochemical studies in various parts of plants i.e. root, stem, leaf and in seed are very common but detection of chemicals in the pollens is still very rare. The present work deals with the determination of percentage of ash and moisture in the pollens of Prosopis juliflora. Solubility in different solvents has also been determined.


Google's executive chairman and former CEO – Eric Schmidt explained why he's got an opinion that Apple has more successful decade than Microsoft. Schmidt was at the Dreamforce technology conference in San Francisco where he said some nice things about Steve Jobs: "What Steve has done at Apple, it's certainly the best performance of a…


In Mexico any soil polluted by 90000 ppm waste motor oil (WMO), this concentration is over the maximun acepted of 4400 ppm by regulation law called as a NOM-138-SEMARNAT / SSA1-2003 (NOM-138), 9000 ppm of WMO is causing soil`s fertility decreasing. An alternative solution is biostimulation (BIS) by detergent following by mineral solution then. Subsequently the BIS by H2O2 as a supplier of O2 and a crude fungi extract containing laccase able to hydrolyze aromatic of WMO, then by Phaseolus vulgaris as a green manure to reduce WMO; concluding by phytoremediation (PHYTO) with Cicer arietinum The objectives of this research were: i) BIS of soil contaminated by 90000 ppm of WMO ii) PHYTO by C. arietinum with Micromonospora echinospora and Penicillium chrysogenum to decrease WMO at lower concentration value than the maximum accepted by NOM-138. In sense at soil`s, variable-response of BIS was initial and final concentration of WMO by Soxhlet, at the PHYTO, phenology and biomass of C. arietinum were taken at seedling. The experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey HSD P <0.05%. Results showed that BIS and PHYTO of soil impacted by 90000 ppm of WMO decreased until 1200 ppm numerical value statistically different compared to 79000 ppm of soil polluted by WMO, without BIS and either PHYTO or negative control. Those results showed that BIS and PHYTO are an effective technique for recovering soil polluting by relative high level of WMO according to NOM-138.


There is great interest in testimonies, both in society at large and as a theoretical concept. Within educational research testimony is used to understand and develop epistemological, political or ...


The motor is considered as the carrier and driving the precision control of rotation speed of the fuze, which is an effectiveway to simulate the centrifugal environment of the realistic simulation fuze. In order to precisely control the rotation speed of fuze, motor is used as the research object, a mathematical model of fuze rotation motion is built. Based on that, the ADRC design of fuze rotating is completed, and the ADRC and PID comparison simulation of fuze rotation speed is carried out. The simulation results show that ADRC technology has better dynamic performance compared with the PID control.


An algorithm and its implementation to compress video frame data to be stored in external memory are proposed, thereby enabling a reduction of memory requirements and bandwidth. To support random access capability, frames are organized as 1/spl times/8 fixed-length segments, which are used as compression units. For both compression efficiency and low complexity, modified Hadamard transform (MHT) and Golomb-Rice (GR) coding are utilized. The compression ratio is fixed at 50% and objective and subjective video quality assessments are performed. Efficient ASIC implementation including Golomb-Rice encoding/decoding is also proposed to reduce the total compression/decompression latency time.


In order to obtain the impact parameters dominating the accuracy and validity of gun recoil simulation experiments,the virtual simulation test model for a certain gun was developed based on MSC.ADAMS software.And the developed model was applied to numerically simulate the dynamic recoil and counter recoil of the gun and to conduct the uniform design experiments for the impact parameters.The numerically simulated results were compared with the experimental ones.It is shown that the impact parameters obtained by the developed model are reasonable and the simulation test is valid.


Background: Phase II cardiac rehabilitation has been demonstrated to be an effective measure in post CABG patients in terms of short term of physical and psychological outcomes. Comparative effect of supervised and home based phase II cardiac rehabilitation is conflicting. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of supervised centre-based phase II cardiac rehabilitation compared with home-based phase II cardiac rehabilitation programmes on exercise capacity and health related quality of life in patients with post CABG. Design: The study was a pre-test post-test, comparative, experimental design Setting: All the patients were recruited from the outpatient department of physical therapy and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, Delhi Heart and Lung Institute, New Delhi Methods: Thirty (n=30) post CABG patients who consented for this study were tested for their exercise capacity. They were randomly divided into 4 weeks supervised (n=15) and home based (n=15) phase II cardiac rehabilitation program. Outcome measures hemodynamic parameters; 6MWD and quality of life were evaluated by physical and mental summery score of SF-36. Results: Both the groups had similar demographic characteristics. Between groups shows no significant differences in hemodynamic measurements. However significant improvement were seen in PCS and MCS scores when between group analysis was done (p<0.001). Conclusions: The overall results of the study lead us to the conclusion that there is no significant difference in exercise capacity and quality of life in supervised exercise group versus home based exercise group in a four week cardiac rehabilitation program. However, there is significant improvement in exercise capacity and quality of life in both the groups when compared with their baseline.


The article analyzes the common troubles of alkineline storage battery and accordingly offers the precautions should be taken against them.


In this paper the authors propose a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the operating point of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) for simultaneous solving of static security and dynamic stability problems. In particular, the interest is focused on damping of the electromechanical oscillations. The proposed algorithm is based on genetic mutation operator and it acts directly on the control parameters of UPFC. The multi-machine power system with UPFC installed is represented by the interconnected model previously proposed by the authors. Significant numerical simulations on the IEEE three-machine power system illustrate that the proposed algorithm, starting from an operating point determined by a secure Optimal Power Flow, is able to determine a new operating point that improves the power system dynamic performance.


Processes of production and forms of surplus labour in african rural societies. The example of Congo Discussion and research initiated in the 1960s about the relationships of production in the A.fiican rural societies have brought to light the importance and variety of surplus labour and exploitation forms in these societies. The interest of such a topic is not merely theoretical buî also practical, especiallv referred to the numerous development projects which aim a "general" increase in rural income and welfare, but in fact frequently run the risk of reinforcing inequality and exploitation for want of an accurate knowledge of local social structures. One of the most important though jrequently undervalued forms of interna1 exploitation in rural Africa is the exploitation of female labour power, although its actual conditions vary notab[v from one s0ciet.v to another. This problem is examined here through the cases of three societies in Congo : the Nzabi and the Beembe (south-west I and the Kukuya


This study aims to explain issues of Palestinian people's struggle against the English occupation in Ali At-Thantawy' short story Jabalun-Nar. It employed the theories of genetic structuralism and ideology.The findings are as follows. First, Palestinian people's responses to the fate of their nation occupied by English people are reflected in the behaviors of two main characters, Irfan and Mukhtar. Second, in social reality, Palestinian people face their nation's internal challenges, namely the unstable and explosive political-military conditions in struggling against the English occupation on the Paletinian land. Third, the two main characters are effective subjects of thoughts capable of penetrating Palestinian people's minds with the nationalism spirit to fight against the English occupation. Fourth, the meaning of Jabalun-Niir is 'volcano', a symbol of Palestinian people's strength successful in defeating English colonists.