Abstract A serial batch leaching experiment was carried out to evaluate the release of elements from wood ash mixed with a strongly acidic forest soil sample. Wood ash application resulted in increased leachate pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and electrical conductivity (EC). Increasing application of wood ash increased cumulative release of inorganic carbon (IC), chloride (Cl), nitrate (NO3), sulfate (SO4), potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and copper (Cu). Release of NO3, P, iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), Cu, and lead (Pb) continued. Large amounts of DOC, K, Ca, and SO4 were mobilized. Inorganic C, Fe, and Mg were released in moderate quantities. Manganese, Na, Al, Cl, and NO3 were released in limited amounts. Amounts of leached P, Pb, and Cu were lower. The mixed order equation adequately described the release of elements in the soil‐ash mixture. Accumulation of elevated amounts of trace elements does not appear to be a problem when higher wood ash rates are avoided. Wood ash should be applied in split application to avoid short‐term concentrated alkaline and salty conditions that could interfere with plant growth.


This article examines British deception during the early years of the Cold War, and how a Soviet defector named Grigori Tokaev contributed to British plans and operations. Tokaev provided valuable insights into the Soviet Union, allowing British intelligence to craft more intricate deception operations, political and military. The manner in which he was used, and the extent to which his idiosyncrasies were tolerated, underline the difficulties the British authorities faced as they attempted to apply the lessons of the Second World War deception to the Cold War environment. The case offers new perspectives on both the relatively under-examined subject of British deception operations against the USSR, and the history of one of the most prominent Cold War defectors.


Koichiro NAGASUNA* and Haruhisa SHIOMI** The effect of the surface microstructure on the organic matter removal ability of the microorganism-supported alumina sintered body was investigated. Porous alumina body having various pore sizes and pore volumes were prepared by changing the amount of poreforming agents having different particle sizes. Furthermore, the effect of the firing temperature on the microstructure of alumina sintered body, was investigated. The microorganisms were supported on the sintered alumina body by immersing the sintered alumina body in a culture solution containing yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and natto bacteria for 5 days. Regarding the organic matter removal ability of the microorganism-supported sintered alumina body, the change in the COD decreasing ratio after immersion in model sewage which was prepared with glycine and glucose having an initial COD value of 180 ppm, for a predetermined time, was examined. The COD decreasing ratio was less affected by the pore size of the sintered alumina body, but, increased as the pore volume increased. When the firing temperature is low, due to poor densification of alumina, a lot of voids are formed between the alumina particles, resulting in surface undulations that is advantageous for the adhesion of microorganisms. As a result, the organic matter removal ability of the sintered alumina body fired at a low temperature tends to be higher than that of the sintered alumina body fired at a higher temperature. In order to improve the organic matter removal ability of the sintered body in which the pore-forming agent is added only to the upper surface of the sample, the porous layer formed by the pores formed by the pore-forming agent needs to have a thickness of above 0.01 cm.


Abstract Liquid crystalline side group polymers support coated on silica gels have been applied as stationary phases in high performance liquid chromatography. It has been possible to show that also in liquid chromatography, separations based on the mesophase structure can be observed in analogy to gas chromatography. From results of separations in which temperature, flow rate, sample concentration and the solvent strength of the mobile phase were varied, this work derives views on the fundamental mechanisms involved. In addition, it will be shown that different mechanisms are probably involved in the separation of steroids and dinitrobenzene isomers on these stationary phases.


The FDA has approved Allergan's dexamethasone intravitreal implant 0.7 mg (Ozurdex), a sustained-release biodegradable steroid implant, for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).


The article is devoted to the description of the theoretical foundations of the work of a new type of vortex three-phase separators for hydrocarbon processing plants. The expediency of using vortex flows in the technology of three-phase separation to improve the reliability of pumping and compressor stations is substantiated. The principle of operation of separators with a variable cross-sectional area of the working space and an inter-ring drain of the liquid is presented. A theoretical description of the hydrodynamic conditions for the separation of multiphase flows is given. A scheme for the installation of hydrocarbon feedstock processing using a three-phase vortex separator is proposed.


Nearly everyone who has directly experienced regional blocks understands that peripheral blocks are ''win–win'' propositions. For patients, they dramatically reduce both pain and the risk of postoperative surgical stress syndrome (which entails delayed recovery, immunosuppression, fatigue, hypoxia, nausea, ileus, and sleep disturbances). For facilities, the routine use of blocks helps to meet the new postoperative pain guidelines mandated by accreditors. For anesthesiologists, blocks are welldocumented to produce better day-of-surgery outcomes, as is highlighted throughout the other chapters in this monograph.


This paper carries on stress calculation on different structure forms on pavement,through finite element analysis,compares it to norm calculation results,and concludes that the results of optimum design by adopting finite element method meet norm requirements,and can be used in the design.


The conventional method of preparing tissue for the scanning electron microscope is a combination of fixation, freeze-drying, and gold-plating (Arcenaux 1969). This treatment produces a specimen that is self-supporting in the high vacuum of the microscope and is covered by a good electrical conductor. Soft-bodied mites that do not have a cuticle that will retain moisture in a vacuum can probably be prepared for observation in this conventional manner. Some mites require no preparation prior to observation (e.g., the house-dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes). These mites can be observed while alive for ca. 45 min (Wharton 1970). Such specimens have cuticles that are sufficiently impermeable to water that rapid desiccation does not take place and at the same time are sufficiently hydrated with electrolyte to conduct off the charge, thus making a layer of gold unnecessary.


2011 Special Operations Essay, 2nd place winner. "Major Ben Taylor is a U.S. Army Special Forces officer. He submitted this paper while attending the Naval Postgraduate School, where he is currently studying to earn his Masters of Science in Defense Analysis."


FAUNISTIC STUDIES ON THE COCCIDAE ON ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN ANKARA, TURKEY. The coccid species present in parks, gardens and greenhouses in Ankara, Turkey, and their host plants were studied in 1992, '94, '95 and '96. Thirteen species of Coccidae were detected on ornamental plants: two species of Eulecanium, four species of Parthenolecanium and one species each from the genera Coccus, Filippia, Palaeolecanium, Physokermes, Pulvinaria, Saissetia and Sphaerolecanium. The most common species was Parthenolecanium corni, found on 36% of the infested ornamental plants. Physokermes picea was found on four species of Picea, of which it infested 16.3% of the plants surveyed. Filippia follicularis was detected on 2% of Fraxinus spp. while Physokermes piceae, Filippia follicularis, Parthenolecanium persicae and P. pomeranicum were recovered on 16, 2, 1 and 1% of the infested plants respectively. Key words: Coccoidea, Coccidae, urban, ornamental plantings, hosts, geographic distribution.


But a critical edition, especially one produced so early in a scholar's career, is a sort of promissory note. The intimate knowledge of the style and matter of a given body of materials that an editor gains in preparing the text provides the raw materials for much further work. Already since the appearance of this volume, Bisschop has published further brief studies on Pāśupata materials, including a preliminary study of the text of the Pāśupatasūtra itself and its commentary. It is both hoped and expected that his future studies will be of the same quality as this careful and useful piece of work.


The performance of home automation services or SmartHouseoriented services gave rise to the emergence of Ernest, an application aimed at transforming a home or building with access to the Internet and electricity in a smart home. Ernest makes use of email services without hire a company that allows to connect to the cloud. The implementation of an electronic circuit accomplishes this task; In this paper, we explore the architecture of this circuit that integrates the Internet of Things and enables or disables four power outlets. There is also the development of three algorithms that allow access and use of


A lot of cost-sensitive support machine vector methods are used to handle the imbalanced datasets, but the obtained results are not as perfect as expectation. A promising method is proposed in this paper, named ADC-SVM, which uses genetic algorithm to dynamically search the optimal misclassification cost to build a cost sensitive support machine. We empirically evaluate ADC-SVM with SVM and Cost-sensitive SVM over 8 realistic imbalanced bi-class datasets from UCI. The experimental results show that ADC-SVM outperforms the other two methods over all the imbalanced datasets.


The role of social-economic factors on the coral reef protection and management is paid more attention to in this paper, as well as the local people (the reef user) in the processes of management plan, research and accomplishment. Questionnaire, abstracted from the methods of classic sociology, anthropology and economics, is used to take the socio-economic investigation in the local people living in the Dengloujiao coral reef protected zone. It is known that their living level is relative lower and they depend more on the coral reef through the simple work. There is not available management and less communication among the government, scientists and the users. But their knowledge on the coral reef as resource and hope of the development can change their lives. So in the management projects in future, there are more things to consider, such as the users' participation, education and training, communication, suitable plan etc.


THE PASTORS' STUDY GROUP: RESEARCH INTO THE SPIRITUAL FORMATION OF PASTORS PARTICIPATING IN PASTORS' STUDY GROUPS by Christopher Robert Pulliam This project examined spiritual formation in the lives and ministry of six pastors as a result of their participation in a pastors' study group. Based on a review of related literature and the research results of two self-surveys, two surveys of each pastor's congregational leadership, and interviews of each of the pastors, the study compared a particular pastor's perceived spiritual growth over a period of six months during which the pastor participated in a pastors' study group. Major findings included the following: (1) Pastors' study groups are most likely to be effective when groups are self-selected; (2) the curricula/agenda of these study groups is not as important as the pastors participating; (3) six months of monthly meetings do not offer enough time to create measurable spiritual formation; (4) ministry is a struggle for pastors and their families; and, (5) balance among family, life, and ministry is the goal for faithful pastors. While this study was conducted of one denomination in one region of the United States, I believe the conclusions of this research may have application to multiple ministry settings. DISSERTATION APPROVAL This is to certify that the dissertation entitled THE PASTORS' STUDY GROUP: RESEARCH INTO THE SPIRITUAL FORMATION OF PASTORS PARTICIPATING IN PASTORS' STUDY GROUPS presented by Christopher Robert Pulliam has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for the DOCTOR OF MINISTRY degree at Asbury Theological Seminary April 7, 2009 Mentor Date April 7, 2009 Internal Reader Date April 7, 2009 Representative, Doctor of Ministry Program Date April 7, 2009 Executive Director Date THE PASTORS' STUDY GROUP: RESEARCH INTO THE SPIRITUAL FORMATION OF PASTORS PARTICIPATING IN PASTORS' STUDY GROUPS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Asbury Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Ministry by Christopher Robert Pulliam


I SHOULD like first to discuss with you the meaning of social research, of scientific research. I was amused at the first word in the Century Dictionary definition of research: "laborious search after facts and principles." It reminds me of the topics of various college theses which seemed to have only that one characteristic-they were laborious and that was all. There was little thought of the value of the facts secured, of their relations, or of the principles implied. The first distinguishing mark of scientific research is that it has to do with facts of general validity. For instance, we made a study of all of the cripples in Cleveland. That was not a piece of research; it was an assemblage of necessary facts which had no general validity. There might have been a study of cripples which would have been a real piece of research, but this was merely an assembling of facts. One of our organizations, some time ago, tried to find out how many children in a given school were a certain per cent under weight. This also was an assemblage of facts and not a piece of research; nor would it have been a piece of research if all the schools in the city of Cleveland had been studied. But if there had been some attempt to work out norms and standards, if there had been a real study of the relationship of under-nutrition and health, we should have had a real piece of research. In other words, research involves the study of facts with a general validity, or, as the dictionary says, a study of principles. The second essential of scientific research is that the method shall involve three principles of any scientific work: First, it shall be unbiased. There was an editorial in the Times this morning which you perhaps read. It pointed out that much so-called research


This paper presents survey evidence from about 200 firms that protection against job loss grows with employees' length of service even after controlling for the perceived net value of employees to the firm. As would be expected, senior workers are better protected against permanent layoff in union than in nonunion firms, but even in the absence of unionism, longer service generally translates into extra protection. Among the private sector hourly work units outside of agriculture and construction represented in the authors' survey, seniority led to additional protection against job loss in 97 percent of groups covered by a union contract and in 86 percent of uncovered groups. Importantly, however, the extra protection was considerably stronger in the average union group than in the average nonunion group.


This paper analyzes the problems occurring in the construction of industrial design specialty,and proposes a basic thought for the improvement of the teaching in the course of Industrial Design.Meanwhile,specific measures are brought forward to improve the construction of industrial design specialty of science and engineering type.


In recent years,how to effectively control liquidity problems has become a great concern of the whole society.This paper explores the relationship between financial macro-control and liquidity.The results indicate that improving the one-year deposit rate and loan rate can effectively inhibit liquidity excess in the long run,while improving the legal deposit reserve rate does not work very well.


Abstract High temperature creep and useful creep life behavior of Al-Cu-Mg (2124-T851 aluminum) alloy was investigated by conducting constant stress uniaxial tensile creep tests at different temperatures (473–563 K) and at stresses ranging from 80 to 200 MPa. It was found that the stress and temperature dependence of minimum creep rate could be successfully described by the power-law creep equation. The power-law stress exponent, n = 5.2 and the activation energy for secondary creep, Q = 164 kJ mol−1, which is close to that observed for self diffusion of aluminum (~140 kJ mol−1). The observed values of n and Q suggest that the secondary creep of 2124-T851 aluminum alloy is governed by the lattice diffusion controlled dislocation climb process. A Monkman-Grant type relationship between minimum creep rate and time for reaching 1.5% creep strain is proposed and could be employed for predicting the useful creep life of 2124-T851 aluminum alloy.


There is in our days an increasing interest on application of concept lattices for data mining, for representation of the concept hierarchy generated from the underlying data set. The paper represents a document query system that clusters the documents into groups using a generated concept lattice In the first phase. The users can start the query by entering a set of keywords. The system return the concepts closest to the query vector. The users get a list of neighbouring concepts too, thus they can select the way to navigate to reach the result document set. The final result is produced using an iterative relevance refinement feedback method.


The High Temperature Materials Laboratory, a DOE-designated national user facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, became operational in June 1987. User research in the four User Centers has steadily increased since the first standard user agreement was signed in July 1987. To date, 17 universities and 11 industrial companies have signed agreements to utilize the facility, and 45 research proposals have been approved. 5 figs.


Taking the MJ3210A motion band saw as the research object, the AE value of the band saw blade vibration was obtained by analyzing the VIBSYS vibration signal acquisition and analysis software system in Beijing, and the change of the AE value of the band saw and the crack was found out. The experimental results show that in the MJ3210A sports car sawing machine, the band saw blade with width of 130 mm is used, and the AE value of the cracked band saw blade is well in the high band saw blade AE value. Under the best working condition of the band saw, the band saw blade AE If the value exceeds 104.7 dB (A) above, it means that the band saw blade has at least one crack length greater than 1.38 mm for the crack defect and the need to replace the band saw blade in time. Different species with saw blade of the AE value is different, white pine wood minimum, the largest oak wood; according to a variety of wood processing AE instrument value to determine the band saw blade crack to the situation; so as to fully rational use of band saw blade, The failure and the degree of development to find a new method.


The purpose of t h i s study was twofold: 1. To determine the v a l i d i t y of the 9 minute and 12 minute timed runs and the 1600 metre distance run as p r e d i c t o r s of peak oxygen uptake and t h e r e f o r e as measures of c a r d i o r e s p i r a t o r y f i t n e s s in. g i r l s 8 to 11 years of age. 2. To determine the r e l i a b i l i t y of the 9 minute and 12 minute timed runs and the 1600 metre distance run as measures of c a r d i o r e s p i r a t o r y endurance. Hypotheses were formulated from these two major purposes as w e l l as from a d d i t o n a l problems which in c l u d e d : ( i ) st u d y i n g the r e l a t i o n s h i p between the timed/distance runs and peak oxygen uptake as the distance and time components of the runs incre a s e d , ( i i ) determining the i n t e r c o r r e l a t o n s between two d i f f e r e n t timed or distance runs with'respect to the distance and the length of time spent running. S i x t y female subjects from Crofton House School and St. P a t r i c k ' s Elementary School, Vancouver, B.C., were t e s t e d on the three timed/distance runs, the 9 minute, 12 minute and,1600 metre runs and a peak oxygen uptake t r e a d m i l l t e s t . Anthropometric measures (height, weight and percent body f a t ) were a l s o taken. P r i o r to the timed/distance run t e s t i n g a l l of the subjects were taught the concept of paced running and had four p r a c t i s e runs to p r a c t i s e t h i s concept. Twenty of the subjects completed a l l the t e s t i n g . The v a l i d i t i e s of the 9 minute, the 12 minute and the 1600 metre runs as p r e d i c t o r s of peak oxygen uptake and the i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s between a l l the v a r i a b l e s were determined by developing a c o r r e l a t i o n matrix. Stepwise m u l t i p l e r e g r e s s i o n analyses were conducted to s e l e c t the independent


This article discusses the training mode from the points of a professional orientation,curriculum design,and practical teaching.The author further points out the ways to create the advanced and innovative professionals under the actual reality of the economic and financial Institutions.


2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene(2,6-DIPN) is a raw material for preparing advanced polyester materials such as PEN and liquid crystalline polymers.In this study,2,6-DIPN was prepared by the shape-selective isopropylation of naphthalene with propylene in autoclave using mordenite as the catalyst instead of the conventional Friedel-crafts catalyst.Brnsted acid center on the surface of steam dealuminated H-mordenite(SDHM) modified by Mg salt through steeping was reduced,therefore the formation of non-shape selective products on the surface of SDHM was also reduced.In this way,2,6-DIPN selectivity could be remarkably increased to 71%.The mole ration of 2,6-DIPN/2,7-DIPN reaches 2.89,whihc has advantageous on the separation and purification of 2,6-DIPN.


In December 1972 the Secretary of State for Social Services in Britain proposed increasing funds for family planning by 12 million pounds, thus increasing the number of clinics, service and advice, but without supplying free appliances, nor demarcating the role of the general practitioner in the new scheme. An amendment sponsored by the Opposition, although opposed by the government, was passed in the House of Lords allowing free examination, treatment, and prescription of contraception within the National Health Service. The bill was returned to the House of Commons with the role of the general practitioner still in question. The authors support the amendment and suggest the immeasurable benefits produced by limiting unwanted pregnancies.


In the last decades, a growing body of evidences of the influence of the need for social contacts on mobility, and in particular leisure mobility, has been accumulated. The idea that explicitly considering those motives in transport models could improve forecasts is making progress. However, the actual implementation of those ideas is still difficult, in particular due to the lack of data on how do individuals plan joint activities. This paper will report on an ongoing data collection exercise, that aims at consolidating our knowledge of those processes. The survey is separated into three phases: starting with an activity diary, focussed on group leisure activities, it moves on to stated choice experiments where various determinants of joint activities are varied, to finish with an innovative interactive planning experiment. The paper and presentation will describe the first data collected in the first phase, and discuss the design of the next steps.


The results of veterinary diagnostic laboratory (VDL) testing are critical in managing the health of both individuals and groups of animals. The clearest use of test result data is for clinicians and herd health managers to establish diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment plans for their patients. There are, however, myriad other uses for laboratory data that to date have proven difficult to leverage. One example, veterinary syndromic surveillance, relies on 2 major sources of data, clinical data from practitioners and laboratory data. Laboratory test requests, rather than test results, are used for syndromic surveillance given their timeliness and ease of grouping into syndromic classes. Veterinary syndromic surveillance systems that use laboratory data for companion animals, cattle, pigs, horses, and for other applications have been developed and tested. Test result data have also been compiled to create timely disease monitoring or surveillance information for practitioners and producers. The University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory developed the Animal Disease and Diagnosis Mapping Initiative that uses test results and syndromic events to monitor the health of the State's animal population. The Academy of Veterinary Consultants, an association of veterinarians involved in beef cattle medicine, herd health programs, and consultation, compile laboratory results across multiple laboratories in the United States to generate a quarterly report on cattle diagnostic submissions, testing results, and diagnoses for the exclusive use by the members of the Academy. The report introduction outlines the limitations of the data in the report, the first being, "due to the nature of VDL submissions, the information generated from VDL results is biased and composed of primarily convenience sampled animals." The compilation and analysis of VDL data for purposes other than the provision of individual diagnostic results is often hindered or discounted by real and perceived biases associated with the data. The presence of bias does not represent a fatal flaw, and all laboratory data, with respect to bias, should similarly not be assumed to succumb to bias. VDL data fall into 2 general categories: a) testing that is ordered to prove absence of disease in clinically normal animals, either individuals or groups, and b) testing ordered to determine the cause of disease in clinically abnormal or suspected infected or affected animals. The use of the laboratory data in these 2 categories will affect the question of bias and its significance to the interpretation or reference to a population of interest. To acquire the least biased data, researchers and others must recognize the potential presence of biases and consciously attempt to circumvent and minimize their effects. In addition, when evaluating the results of studies using laboratory data, researchers should be aware of and articulate the different types of biases, their mitigation and potential impacts, and how bias affects interpretation and the leveraging of data from VDLs. The massive stores of data maintained in VDLs have the potential to support local, regional, and national animal health surveillance efforts, provide near real-time situational awareness, and support outbreak response, along with the primary purpose of individual animal or herd health management. Access to these data stores relies on robust and modern laboratory information management systems (LIMS). Ever-expanding reporting requirements from state and federal entities, growing concerns of global outbreaks, and challenging budgets mean that laboratories must be innovative, expand their competitive services, increase efficiencies, and decrease costs. Clients expect 24x7 access to their data and, of particular relevance to this special issue, value-added analysis and reporting. Oversight agencies expect timely and accurate reporting of test results for highconsequence diseases. Unfortunately, many labs maintain LIMS that are antiquated and written for a time when mailed reports were the norm. Written in archaic programming languages, these systems face increased security risks and are unable to leverage the advantages of modern hardware and cloud technology. These LIMSs are difficult to maintain, slow to update, and lack the ability to easily integrate with external systems, such as business intelligence and geospatial analytical software. The development and implementation of analytical tools that support animal health surveillance and laboratory management through linkages to existing LIMS are described in this special issue. An additional long-standing challenge in leveraging VDL data is the absence of standard nomenclature or data standards. Papers in this issue address the critical need to establish standards that will facilitate and enhance data sharing, compilation, and analysis. Other papers in this special issue address enhancing client interactions, the use of 1011803 VDIXXX10.1177/10406387211011803Leveraging and enhancing the value of VDL data McCluskey et al. editorial2021


The SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor nanoscale powders with high brightness were prepared by a nano-coating process. The resulted SrCO3@ Al2O3 core-shell precursors were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), which indicates that the precursor particles have narrow size distribution. The structure and optical properties of the phosphor powders were investigated systematically by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroflourometer. It was found that the single-phase SrAl2O4 formed at 1000degC, which is approximately 300degC lower than that required for the conventional solid-state reaction. What is more, the impurity phase 3SrOAl2O3 can be completely removed by the present method. Also, the luminescence intensity is higher than that prepared by solid-state process in the comparable condition.


The hydrogen evolution reaction on the low index planes of single-crystal Au electrodes has been studied in HClO4 solutions with the aim of ascertaining the extent of the sensitivity of the reaction rate to the surface crystallographic structure. The use of the hanging meniscus rotating disk technique allowed to carry out all measurements under rotation, thus avoiding blocking effects produced by hydrogen bubbles and accumulation of dissolved hydrogen in the interfacial region during potential excursions into relatively high overpotentials. In contrast with previously published results showing only slight variations in activity with Au crystal face, a pronounced structural sensitivity is reported for the first time. The catalytic activity presents the following sequence Au(111) > Au(100) > Au(110).


The ancient China was ruled by morals,and the morals refer to human morals,so in fact,the country was ruled by people.But the character of person is changeable,instead the law is stable.So we choose to rule by law,practice shows,rule by law has many advantages,such as democracy、freedom and equality.


An apparatus and a method for orthogonal spatial multiplexing in a closed loop MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)-OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system are provided to lower computational complexity with almost the same performance as SVD(Singular Value Decomposition)-BF(BeamForming) or ML(Maximum Likelihood). A transmitter for orthogonal spatial multiplexing in a closed loop MIMO-OFDM system comprises an FEC(Forward Error Correction) encoder(105), an interleaver(110), a serial-parallel converter(115), a QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) mapping part(120,125), a linear precoder(130), and an IFFT(Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) part(135,140). The FEC encoder adds a small number of bits to Tx data and executes incomplete transmission error detection and correction. The interleaver executes interleaving for the data provided to prevent a burst error. The serial-parallel converter converts serially inputted data into parallel data. The QAM mapping part executes digital modulation for the data outputted from the serial-parallel converter. The linear precoder executes CSI(Channel State Information) precoding, based on channel state information. The IFFT part executes IFFT for the data provided from the linear precoder and outputs time-domain sample data.


The different amount of zirconia(ZrO2) was used as nucleation agent to improve polypropylene(PP) properties.The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PP/ZrO2 was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The modified Avrami theories and Jeziorny method were used to analyze the date of DSC,respectively.The experiment results reveal that PP can crystallize at higher temperature when ZrO2 was added;ZrO2 does not change the nucleation mechanism of PP,but can remarkably reduce the active energy of crystallization of PP.


EJD, vol. 29, n◦ 5, September-October 2019 Dilated lymphatic vessels in the dermis and dermal fibrosis were seen (figure 1C, D). Microbiological studies were not performed. The lesions were diagnosed as CPD and treated with cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen and a cotton swab) once weekly, with five freeze-thaw cycles (3 seconds freezing and 3 seconds thawing) per session. The skin lesions responded well to the therapy, and almost complete regression, leaving brownish macules, was achieved within a week after the third cryotherapy session (figure 1F), which enabled the peristomal skin to adhere firmly to the stomal device. Although the exact pathophysiology of CPD remains unknown, the cause may be persistent irritation to urine and faeces [1, 3-5]. The fact that the histopathological findings (of the present case and of some previously reported CPD cases [1, 4, 5]) are very similar to those of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia [6] supports this view. Gluteal granuloma, which is a genital or perianal skin disease of infants and rarely of adults, is also caused by chronic exposure to urine or faeces [7]. Furthermore, this disease clinically shows papules and nodules resembling those of CPD. On the other hand, gluteal granuloma histopathologically shows a dense inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and histiocytes within the entire depth of the dermis [7]. In the present case, gluteal granuloma was excluded based on histopathological findings. In addition to a persistent irritative reaction to urine, the presence of dilated lymph vessels in the dermis (as in our case) suggests the involvement of lymphatic stasis in the pathogenesis of CPD, as in the case reported by Raghu et al. [5]. Raghu et al. [5] summarized the reported cases of CPD. Approximately 9.5% of stoma patients develop CPD after a mean of 6.5 years (range: 0.5-13) after surgery. Most patients have ileoconduits or urostomies, and a minority has loop ileostomies or colostomies. The mean patient age is 51 years (range: 2.7-82 years). There is a male predominance (sex ratio: 1.8:1). Human papillomavirus infection [5, 8], alkalinity of urine [9, 10], and an ill-fitting stomal appliance [1, 2] may be risk factors for CPD. CPD usually develops at the mucocutaneous border. However, in the present case, the CPD manifested with scattered lesions on the peristomal skin distant from the mucocutaneous border. One possible explanation for such a distribution is that the patient only cleaned the skin area near the mucocutaneous border when she changed the stomal device, with the outer part of the skin surface, that touched the stomal adhesive plate, being in contact with leaked urine for a long period of time. Urine-induced CPD lesions at the mucocutaneous border can be prevented by strictly avoiding contact between the lesion and urine due to close adhesion between peristomal skin and the stomal device. In the present case, cryotherapy was very effective for the treatment of multiple CPD lesions.


The research applies a skyhook-PID control method for an active suspension system. The control strategy has three feedback control loops. They are the innermost loop for the force tracking of the pneumatic actuator, the intermediate loops applying skyhook strategy for the elimination of the disturbances, and the outermost loop using PID controller for the determination of the desired force. Some experiments were carried out on a physical test rig with a hardware-in-the-loops feature. The performance of the proposed control method was evaluated and benchmarked to examine the effectiveness of the system in suppressing the disturbance effect of the suspension system. It was found that the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the active suspension system with Skyhook-PID scheme compared to the PID and passive suspension systems.


Émile Jaques-Dalcroze was a Swiss music pedagogue who advocated the use of musical activities to develop different human qualities such as consciousness, personality, temperament, the subconscious, the muscular and nervous system, imagination, thought, behaviour, action, confidence, concentration and freedom of spirit. Many of his statements and intuitions are fully recognised in certain contemporary music therapy approaches, theories and practices. The aims of this article are to: acknowledge the presence of health and wellbeing in Jaques-Dalcroze's understanding of Eurhythmics; discuss the contributions the method has made and does make in therapeutic or wellbeing contexts; and to develop an understanding of current Eurhythmics practice from the perspectives of contemporary music therapy theory. The article begins with a discussion of the 'health-musicking' concept and goes on to use vignettes of the author's practice as a Eurhythmics teacher and music therapist to illuminate the argument. A second section relates the theory of communicative musicality to improvisation practices through a health and wellbeing lens. Finally, the conclusion exposes diverse ideas on how to carry out a Eurhythmics practice through a health and wellbeing perspective.


OBJECTIVE It is impossible to reserve anus by traditional operation method to treat ultra-low-set rectal cancer which seriously impacted life quality of the patients after surgery. It is a focus of academic circles to approach a modus operan-di to improve the life quality of rectal cancer patients. METHODS we did laparoscopic operation to treat 43 patients of ultra-low-set rectal cancer through abdomen and anus, compared with traditional operation, analyzed and evaluated the clinical significance of this method by Williams standards and CEA changes. RESULTS At the 4 th week, daily defecation frequency was 6.4 ± 1.9 in treatment group which was better than 13.7 ± 2.7 in control group (P = 0.012). At the 24th week, serum CEA was (12.5 ± 3.3) uR / L in treatment group which was better than (11.3 ± 2.6) uR / L in control group (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Laparoscope treat ultra-low-set rectal cancer through abdomen and anus could obviously improve the life quality of the patients and it has important clinical significance.


Pressure induced structural transformations in cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanorods are studied using parallel molecular dynamics. Nanorods (4.4nm in diameter and 4.4 to 53nm in length) are embedded in a liquid and subjected to pressure. Reversible structural transformations are observed from wurtzite to a single domain rocksalt crystal phase. The simulation results reveal a decrease in transformation pressure with rod length. The transformation mechanism involves atomic shifts within the (0001) plane of the wurtzite structure and is similar to the one observed in electronic structure calculations of pressure-induced structural transformation in bulk CdSe.


Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is used for achieving data confidentiality and access control in cloud environments. Most often ABE schemes are constructed using bilinear pairing which has a higher computational complexity, making algorithms inefficient to some extent. The motivation of this paper is on achieving user privacy during the interaction with attribute authorities by improving the efficiency of ABE schemes in terms of computational complexity. As a result the aim of this paper is two-fold; firstly, to propose an efficient Tate pairing algorithm based on multi-base number representation system using point halving (TP-MBNR-PH) with bases 1/2, 3, and 5 to reduce the cost of bilinear pairing operations and, secondly, the TP-MBNR-PH algorithm is applied in decentralized KP-ABE to compare its computational costs for encryption and decryption with existing schemes.


In many applications the colors of products and parts have to match with respect to defined color parameters or dimensions. Obviously, parts painted in a plant should not be distinguished from parts of the same color painted in another part. Therefore, a measure for the accordance of color shades is needed. Of course, a useful representation for color shades is necessary. The Lab representation provides a common approach for defining colors. It is based on three parameters L, a and b. L represents lightness , a and b stand for the color-opponent dimensions, based on nonlinearly compressed coordinates. For measuring accordance we need two samples with measured color dimensions, where each sample represents a certain producing or painting process. Now, variation within each sample can be represented by the three-dimensional confidence ellipsoid,
especially by the volume of this ellipsoid. Obviously, if the ellipsoids of both samples overlap completely, no differences are recognized, at least from a statistial point of view. For determining a measure of accordance we calculate the volume of the intersection of the two
ellipsoids. Its percentage share of the sum of the volumes of the two ellipsoids defines the measure of accordance.
From a mathematical point of view it is not trivial to calculate this volume of the intersection. But Monte Carlo integration provides a quite simple method with sufficient accuracy. In our talk we want to present a tool realized in SAS-JMP.


The coherent secondary flow structures (i.e., swirling motions) in a curved artery model possess a variety of spatio-temporal morphologies and can be encoded over an infinitely-wide range of wavelet scales. Wavelet analysis was applied to the following vorticity fields: (i) a numerically-generated system of Oseen-type vortices for which the theoretical solution is known, used for bench marking and evaluation of the technique; and (ii) experimental two-dimensional, particle image velocimetry data. The mother wavelet, a two-dimensional Ricker wavelet, can be dilated to infinitely large or infinitesimally small scales. We approached the problem of coherent structure detection by means of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and decomposition (or Shannon) entropy. The main conclusion of this study is that the encoding of coherent secondary flow structures can be achieved by an optimal number of binary digits (or bits) corresponding to an optimal wavelet scale. The optimal wavelet-scale search was driven by a decomposition entropy-based algorithmic approach and led to a threshold-free coherent structure detection method. The method presented in this paper was successfully utilized in the detection of secondary flow structures in three clinically-relevant blood flow scenarios involving the curved artery model under a carotid artery-inspired, pulsatile inflow condition. These scenarios were: (i) a clean curved artery; (ii) stent-implanted curved artery; and (iii) an idealized Type IV stent fracture within the curved artery.


The sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in tourism is a global phenomenon that only recently has called major attention of governments of developing countries. In this context, Colombia has implemented rigorous policies aimed at prevention and protection of adolescents. Nevertheless, the tourism enterprises, which are the principle agents involved in the tourism industry, no not show clear commitment. Through a questionnaire consisting of 14 closed questions, the perspective of the tourism operators of sexual exploitation of adolescents was evaluated. In total 115 face to face questionnaires was applied and responded. The results show that the enterprises in Taganga do not comply with this moral and legal obligation; their knowledge about the norms is very limited and their motivations are not reflected by specific actions.


Variation in growth rate in the four uppermost lateral branches of seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco was greatest among individuals within full-sib families. These results are consistent with those from other studies on conifers indicating there is much more within- than among-intraspecific group variation. Since these seedlings were grown in a common garden, it is assumed that the among-individual variation has a genetic basis. The greatest growth rate was in seedlings produced by crossing trees that had the highest average increments of growth; the lowest growth rate was in seedlings produced by crossing trees that had the lowest average increments of growth. However, the seedlings with the lowest growth rate were similar to those produced by crosses between trees with high average increments of growth. This implies that phenotypically superior trees, as assessed in a natural situation, do not necessarily produce superior offspring in their second year of growth. The high within-family v...


The bromide concentration of sea bittern is 2.0−2.5 g L-1 at 29 0Be. Evaporation to 34.5−35.0 0Be increases the bromide concentration to the highest achievable level without significant losses in solid precipitates. Br- and K+ concentrations at this point are ca. 4.0 and 25.0 g L-1, respectively. It is reported herein that bromide concentration in bittern can be enhanced to 8.4 g L-1 with 93% recovery. This is achieved by integrating the process of bromide enrichment with recovery of gypsum, carnallite, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium chloride. The process revolves around desulfatation of bittern with calcium chloride to promote carnallite (KCl.MgCl2·6H2O) formation. Calcium chloride is generated from the reaction of MgCl2 in carnallite decomposed liquor (CDL) with lime. Recycling of the liquor in this manner enables us to recover the bromide that co-precipitates with carnallite and also the K+ lost in CDL during decomposition of carnallite, leading to high yields of both.


A wide array of commensal microbes harbors the mammalian body that helps in digestion, immunity and tissue development. Such relationships between the microbiota and the host are believed to have formed ever since the evolution of eukaryotes. The symbiont hypothesis suggesting the descent of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast from prokaryotes is yet another example of such interactions. Studies have shown that as the eukaryotes became complex, these microbes too clustered into diverse communities, inhabited different niches and benefited the host in various life processes such as digestion (breakdown of complex carbohydrates and proteins), immunity and tissue development [1]. Further evidence came up when germ free (GF) animals became available which showed abnormalities in the development of tissues like GALT (gut associated lymphoid tissue), Peyer's patches and even affected the integrity of the intestinal epithelial cells in absence of microbiota. Recent research has revealed the role of microbiota in shaping the evolution of adaptive immune system [1] by sending signals and modulating the immune response; and letting the cells to distinguish pathogenic microbes from the symbiotic dwellers. Adding to this is the observation that dysbiosis of skin microbiota is linked with the development of skin disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and rosacea [2]. Not only has recent studies given better understanding of these commensals but has also shed light on their diversity and distribution within the body of the host. Earlier culture techniques allowed study of only those microorganisms that could be grown under laboratory conditions, but now, with the use of 16S ribosomal RNA gene phylotyping, identification of many other micro-organisms that dwell within diverse communities has become possible [3]. This community diversity varies and also depends on its location like the skin which is characterized into three micro-environments: (i) Sebaceous-glabella, alar crease, external auditory canal, occiput, upper chest and back; (ii) Moist-nare, axillary vaults, antecubital fossa, interdigital web space, inguinal crease, gluteal crease, popliteal fossa, plantar heel and umbilicus; (iii) Dry-volar forearm, hypothenar palm and buttock [3]. The common bacteria that constitute the microbiota belong to the following phyla: Actinobacteria (36.6 %), Firmicutes (34.3 %), Proteobacteria (11.9 %), Bacteroidetes (9.5 %) [4]. Microbiota that dwells deep in the dermis layers and hair follicles help in recolonization of the epidermis, upper portion of hair follicles and sebaceous glands and produce byproduces that coat the hair follicles and skin of the host, these microbial products exert immunoregulatory effects [5]. Recently Dr. Yasmine Belkaid's team at US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Bethesda has described the effect of resident commensals on skin immunity [6]. They conducted tests on two mice—one GF that was raised under aseptic conditions and simultaneously on the other which was specific pathogen free (SPF) with a normal skin microbiota. Their findings indicated that immunoregulatory molecules like various cytokines were more abundant in SPF mice than in GF mice, the release of which affected and modulated the function of various T cell subpopulations and other immune cells to mount an immune response [6]. Additionally, screening was done to detect the contribution of gut flora in eliciting immune response [6]. For this, segmented filamentous bacteria was used to infect GF mice which restored cytokine level in the gut to that of SPF mice but no such restoration was seen in the skin of GF mice. Also oral antibiotic treatment and skin S. Ahmad S. Anand R. Lal (&) Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The research reported here examined factors that influence student tertiary level chemistry enrolment choices. Students enrolled in a first‐year chemistry class were surveyed, using the Chemistry Attitudes and Experiences Questionnaire (CAEQ), three times throughout their academic year: at the start of the year (n=126), the end of the first semester (n=109), and the end of the second semester (n=84). Additionally, 19 students were interviewed using a semistructured interview protocol at the same stages throughout the year. A number of influences on student enrolment intentions are posited based on a modified version of Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour: learning experiences, attitude‐toward‐chemistry and chemistry self‐efficacy. The extent to which the students believe they had control over enrolling in chemistry and normative beliefs about enrolling in chemistry, also were investigated. Influential factors include chemistry self‐efficacy (both positive and negative), prior secondary school experiences and the fact that chemistry is compulsory for some programs. Normative beliefs exert indirect effect with students having associates in a science related field more likely to enrol in second‐year chemistry.


The HCOOH oxidation on Pt(111) under gas phase and the present simulated electrochemical environment have been studied systematically by combining density functional theory with mean-field kinetic analysis. Our present results indicate that HCOOH oxidation in acid aqueous-phase conditions is substantially different from that in gas phase. Using the present models, the detailed oxidation pathways are evaluated on Pt(111) under the effect of solvation. The present calculations show that HCOOH oxidation mainly proceeds via direct oxidation involving COOH intermediate, and HCOO is only a spectator in gas phase, whereas it mainly occurs via direct pathway including HCOO intermediate at the present simulated acid electrochemical interfaces and CO is a poisoning species that can block surface active sites, which can qualitatively and rationally explain some conflicting experimental and theoretical findings at present. Furthermore, the origin of solvation effect on HCOOH oxidation mechanisms is revealed. Our pres...


It is shown that by proper use of the excitation spectra, the emission spectra of the transition and the far-field patterns it is possible to distinguish between competing processes involved in the two-photon excitation to the 6S state of potassium, namely: (a) resonant fluorescence emission associated with the cascading spontaneous emission (ASE) and (b) the four-wave mixing parametric process. The effect of the buffer gas on the intensities of the spectra of the radiations emitted is discussed. Conical emission and spatial instabilities of the excitation radiation and the emission were also observed for high excitation and high vapour pressure of potassium.


The article analyses essence and distinctive features of the biblionimika, a new field of activity of librarians, which raises the question of study of factors affecting the name of the library, into a separate area of research. The author reveals its main features, functional characteristics, peculiarities of the impact of the name of the library on improving the efficiency of its activities, in particular on cultural and mass work, as well as on the development and implementation of innovative practices. The author describes the classification system for the formation of library names and the main factors influencing the choice of the library name. There are described the main directions of development of new forms and methods of library activities related to the identification of library, strengthening of research and practical work, due to the emphasis on the name of the institution.


The effect of supplementing xylooligosaccharides (XO) to purified diets on growth performance and several metabolic parameters was examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The dietary XO improved growth retardation, hyperphagia, polydipsia, elevation of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, reduction of liver triglyceride, and fatty acid composition (reduction of the desaturation index) of liver phosphatidylcholine. In addition, the XO diet yielded an acidic en-vironment in the cecum by increasing the pool size of acetic acid. Thus, XO, which is half as sweet as sucrose, can be applicable to foods as a sweetener that is capable of improving diabetic symptoms.


From four aspects influenced and affected by out-patient doctor workstation including outpatients,doctors,medical institutions and health regulatory agencies,the paper analyzed the effect of out-patient doctor workstation in the optimization of outpatient business processes,improvement of efficiency and patient satisfaction,ensuring the quality of medical care and drug safety,enhancing the level of hospital management and competitiveness.


Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Ixeris Soncifolia Hance on diabetic peripheral neuropathy by observing whether the Ixeris Soncifolia Hance can influence the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC).Methods: The HUVECs were incubated with each with a concentration(0μl/ml,3.125μl/ml,6.25μl/ml,12.5μl/ml,25μl/ml,50μl/ml,100μl/ml)of Ixeris Soncifolia Hance for 24 hours or 48 hours,and then the cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay(Tetrazolium salt)..The statistics software spss16.0 was applied to analyze the results.Results: Ixeris Soncifolia Hance enhanced the proliferation of HUVEC,and this effect was more prominent as its concentration went up.The difference at each concentration was significant when compared with the control group(0μl/ml)(p0.05).Conclusions: The results indicate stimulating cell proliferation might be the underlying mechanism of Ixeris Soncifdia Hance to improve the diabetic peripheral neuropathy.


General growth of fungus in a broth will be in the form of a pellet or matt, which can be transformed to fine suspension by adding various surfactants and polymers at different concentrations. Different surfactants like Brij - 35, Brij - 92, Cetrimide, Pluronic F - 68, Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Triton X - 100 and Tween - 80 and polymers like Agar, Sodium Alginate, Sodium CMC, Gelatin concentrations were optimized to transform matt forming fungi to fine suspension. Effect of these polymers and surfactants were carried on Cunninghamella echinulata NCIM 693, Curvularia lunata NCIM 716 and Rhizopus arrhizus NCIM 997. Most of the surfactants and polymers altered the morphology of the three fungi to fine suspension but it was observed that with Triton X100 at concentration ranging 0.015 - 0.02 % the morphology of all the three fungi was transferred from matt to fine suspension and same results were obtained with agar at concentration ranging 0.03 - 0.04 %. Finally the fine suspensions of these fungal cultures were transferred to the media without surfactant or polymer and incubated in a shaker incubator at 28 0 C and a shaking speed of 120 RPM and was observed that there was no morphological change in the characteristics of fungi studied


It is a process of translation teaching in which the undergraduates are taught and instructed to be able to have a good command of the languages and switch from one language to another creatively while the development of the undergraduates' researching ability depends more on the factors such as the learning habit,creative thinking ability,research awareness and research activities and etc.Therefore this papers attempts to study how to develop the undergraduates' researching ability from three aspects: the current learning situation,the development of creative thinking ability,the guiding of research awareness and the participation of research activities in translation teaching.


·evãíková Z. , N. Nagyová, F. Ojeda, I . ·kardová, M. Levkut : Medullar Thymocyte Structure and Density in the Chicken after Experimental Gamma Irradiation. Acta Vet. Brno 2000, 69: 139–142. The aim of this study was to quantify the chicken thymic medullar lymphocytes after a wholebody irradiation, and to study changes in thymus cell morphology. Twenty-four chickens were irradiated by gamma rays at a total dose of 4.5 Gy and exposure time 12 min. 24 s. The quantification of medullar lymphocytes revealed a significant depletion of these cells in experimental groups 6 and 24 h after irradiation. Histological examination showed occurrence of pyknotic cells in thymus medulla and cortex. Six and 24 h after irradiation a higher occurrence of the diffuse form of thymic corpuscles was found. Electron microscopy of irradiated thymus revealed the typical apoptotic morphology such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, formation of apoptotic bodies and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Our results demonstrated a gradual depletion of apoptotic cells and their early recognition by thymus macrophages. The higher occurrence of polykaryons in thymus is probably the sign of cellular immunity and indicates (except for resident macrophages) another effective system by which apoptotic cells are recognised and removed. Histology, ultrastructure, apoptosis, macrophages The term "apoptosis" as a form of physiological cell death was coined by Kerr et al. in 1972 to describe the process of cell death and distinguish it from necrosis. However, radiobiologists had been aware of apoptosis much earlier than 1972. In his review published in 1970, Okada pointed out that nuclei of lymphocytes became pyknotic within just a few hours of irradiation, confirming that the changes in chromatin conformation represent early steps of apoptosis. Since 1982 the term apoptotic process has been used to describe radiation-induced death observed in intestinal crypts (Henry and Potten 1982), salivary (Stephens et al. 1986) and parotid glands (Stephens et al. 1989). After whole body irradiation of rodents the earliest ultrastructural lesions in the thymus such as condensation, convolution and fragmentation of chromatin were observed from the fifteenth minute. Alteration of mitochondria and clarification of cytoplasm in a number of thymocytes were also observed. The lesions increased according to the length of the postirradiation period and after 6 h a great number of macrophages are observed in the thymus. Most often a single macrophage, contain several apoptotic thymocytes (Ghassch et al. 1977; Ohyama 1985; Lin et al. 1996). The aim of this study was to quantify the thymic medullar lymphocytes after whole body irradiation of chickens, and to investigate the changes in cell morphology in order to clarify the process of their removal from thymus. ACTA VET. BRNO 2000, 69: 139–142 Address for correspondence: MVDr. Zuzana ·evãíková, CSc. Department of Pathological Anatomy University of Veterinary Medicine Komenského 73, 041 81 Ko‰ice, Slovak Republic Phone: +421 95 1622 9924, ext. 419 E-mail: email@example.com http://www.vfu.cz/acta-vet/actavet.htm


We investigate the coherence measures induced by fidelity and trace norm, based on the recent proposed coherence quantification in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 140401, 2014]. We show that the fidelity of coherence does not in general satisfy the monotonicity requirement as a measure of coherence under the subselection of measurements condition. We find that the trace norm of coherence can act as a measure of coherence for qubit case and some special class of qutrits.


A self-assembly of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) structures oriented normal to the substrate was achieved by electrophoretic deposition. SWNT ropes were anodically deposited from an n,n-dimethylformamide dispersion onto an aluminum substrate precoated with tin oxide/hydroxide. The resulting SWNT structures are 200-500 nm diameter, 5-10 μm long, with a few protruding individual SWNT ropes. Heat-treatment increased the conductivity of the precoat, making this deposition system suitable for field emission applications.


I N SCHMOLLER'S essay on mercantilism we find the statement that "the idea that economic life has ever been a process mainly dependent on individual action-an idea based on the impression that it is concerned merely with methods of satisfying individual needs-is mistaken with regard to all stages of human civilization, and in some respects it is more mistaken the further we go back."' Throughout the essay Schmoller constantly emphasizes what he terms "the dependence of the main economic institutions of any period upon the nature of the political body or bodies most important at the time,"2 and the emphasis would seem to be rightly placed. Economic life is, and always has been, radically affected by factors and conditions quite outside the bare routine of effort to satisfy strictly economic wants. On this point the vast majority of writers are practically agreed. But does the same agreement appear with respect to the effect of so-called "outside influences" upon the nature and development of economic theory? Here the answer is decidedly in the negative, and we have wide difference of opinion, not so much on the question of the existence of outside influences as upon their effect or importance. In this paper we propose to trace the influence upon economic thought of one complex po-


Besides the superconducting cable, protection jacket and auxiliary metallic components used in the fusion superconducting magnet coils, a certain number of non-metallic components are also essential to provide specific functions. Glass fiber reinforced plastics are extensively used for insulation material in fusion magnet. And it is adopted as the turn insulation, ground insulation, magnet modules separation bladder and buffer zone of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC). In order to ensure the good integrity under the different load cases, the non-metallic components must have sufficient strength to withstand the simultaneous shear and normal stresses. Thus, the mechanical analyses are performed based on the latest design update in the paper. During the analyses, three different load cases are taken into account. And the detailed shear stress and normal stress on the non-metallic components are calculated.


A population of reserve HSCs has been reported to be in a deep-quiescent (or dormant) state and function as a back-up population of HSCs to support life-time hematopoiesis (Li and Clevers, 2010; Wilson et al., 2008). Currently, characterization of reserve HSCs is mainly based on cell cycle quiescence, however, the metabolic state in reserve HSCs is yet to be defined. Here, we show that reserve HSCs maintain not only a quiescent state but also an overall low metabolic activity whereas the primed HSCs maintain still a quiescent state but primed at metabolic state. First, we used CD49b(Benveniste et al., 2010) to further separate conventional long-term (LT) HSCs (CD34 - Flk2 - Lineage - Sca-1 + c-Kit + )(Yang et al., 2005) into CD49b lo and CD49b hi subpopulations and confirmed their enrichment with previously identified dormant (Scl-H2B-GFP label retaining cells, LRCs), thus we termed CD49b lo and CD49b hi subpopulations as candidates of reserve and primed HSCs. We then determined the cell cycle frequencies of reserve, primed, and ST-HSCs (Cd34 + Flk2 - LSK) respectively as once in 3 months, 3-4 weeks, and 3-4 days. Functionally, Reserve HSCs had on average 3.5-fold higher functional capacity compared with primed HSCs. RNA-seq analysis revealed that reserve HSC predominantly expressed a list of imprinting genes that associate with growth-restriction functions; primed HSCs expressed relatively-high number of genes involving in mitochondria fusion, organization, and function, while ST-HSCs expressed genes reflecting an active cycling state. Conducting metabolic assays, we found that reserve HSCs not only maintain quiescence but also maintain overall low metabolic activity in both glycolysis and mitochondrial capacity. In contrast, primed HSCs are in a quiescent state, but with their metabolic state primed as evidenced by an increased glycolytic activity and mitochondrial potential for subsequent active proliferating state in ST-HSCs. Intriguingly, our data suggests that the functionality of reserve HSCs correlates to metabolic state rather than cell cycle. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The invention provides an embodiment of a driving tool including a shank portion and a working, and is the operating part Phillips head fastener or a Robertson head and to drive a fastener.


With the rapid development of Distributed Photovoltaic (DPV), the photovoltaic installed capacity of 10 kV and below is gradually increasing, and location selection and capacity planning are required to reduce the impact on the distribution network after the photovoltaic grid connection. Aiming at the access problem of distributed PV in distribution lines, the location and the capacity of DPV are optimized with the idea of layered optimization. The upper level uses improved GA to optimize regional DPV capacity, and the lower layer uses Matlab and OpenDSS to combine multi-objective optimization with minimum network loss and voltage offset and timing power flow calculation to optimize the location and capacity of the DPV within the region. A 10 kV line in Hainan is taken as an example to verify the feasibility of the model.


There are numerous hoisting installations operated in Polish mines that are equipped with winding gear incorporating a Koepe pulley reinforced with peripheral ribs, where the symptoms of fatigue cracking are often revealed. Current repairs of those areas help mitigate for this undesirable phenomenon for a short time only. In order to eliminate this problem, steps have been taken to identify the origins and propagation patterns of fatigue cracks in Koepe pulleys. A numerical model of a Koepe pulley is developed and the endurance analysis is performed by the FEM method, preceded by a dynamic analysis of the normal duty cycle of the hoisting installation. The results of dynamic and endurance analyses are verified through experimental testing on a real object, involving force and stress measurements taken at selected points on the Koepe pulley. Those measurement data provide the background for the fatigue endurance assessment and new re-designs of the Koepe pulley structure.


ABSTRACT Using the analysis of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Santiago, this article explores the relationships between religion, ecology, and permaculture in contemporary Cuba. I focus on qualitative interviews with permaculture activists who are affiliated with the Eastern Baptist Convention. These activists are working with an ecumenical center in Santiago that promotes the creation of sustainable local communities through programs dedicated to social service. This article argues that these individuals have embraced a theocentric ecological ethic that combines social and environmental justice. The cultural value of solidaridad (social solidarity), which has long been part of Cuba's revolutionary history, is shaping the development of this ecological ethic. The value of solidaridad has helped activists establish relational bonds of mutual aid support, particularly in the aftermath of Cuba's post-Soviet economic crisis.


The invention provides a method of RNA interference, which comprises contacting the cell with a fusion protein-double stranded RNA complex, the complex comprising the double stranded RNA segment containing a double stranded RNA of interest and a fusion protein, the fusion protein comprising (1) a targeting moiety, which will specifically binds to a site on a target cell, and (2) a binding moiety, which will bind to the double stranded RNA, wherein the double stranded RNA segment initiates RNA interference in the cell.


The infrared radiation from dry sandstone and damp sandstone in the process of uniaxial compression was detected by means of infrared thermal imager.It was revealed that the average infrared radiation temperature(AIRT) of damp rock increases with loading and keeps its change in step with the stress,and that the fluctuation of AIRT is much less.The AIRT increment of damp rock is higher than that of dry rock under unit load before destabilization and the fact shows that water will intensify the infrared radiation from loaded rock,but no obvious change was found on thermal image during the instantaneous fracture of damp rock.The relation between the AIRT and stress in dry rock is not simply in corresponding state like damp rock,but the obvious AIRT rise and change of thermal images of dry rock were found during instantaneous fracture.It's possible to monitor the rock stress of damp rock via the change synchronization between AIRT and stress,and to analyze the spatial position and mode of the catastrophe by making use of the change of thermal images during instantaneous fracture of dry rock.


The following was accomplished during the reporting period: (1) CO TPD spectra were obtained as a function of heating rate from Wyodak coal char samples gasified in 0.1 MPa oxygen at 390{degrees}C to 10% burn-off. (2) The spectra were corrected for high temperature CO evolution from the sample bucket. (3) The spectra were fit to two desorption features using both Gaussian and first order desorption peak shapes. The conclusions derived from these data and their analysis include: (4) The CO TPD spectra can be adequately represented by the sum of two Gaussian or first order desorption peaks. (5) The first order peak fits indicated that the second peak decreases at the expense of the first with decreasing heating rate. This is consistent with the theory that the second peak arises from CO rechemisorption. (6) Small angle neutron scattering data were obtained on char samples using the SAD diffractometer at the IPNS at Argonne National Laboratory. Data were obtained for both ``dry`` samples and the same samples saturated with deuterated toluene for ``contrast-matching.`` (7) The data demonstrate that contrast-matching techniques can be quite useful for decoupling gasification porosity from non-accessible porosity.


An on-line fiber-optic near-infrared spectroscopic method has been developed for real-time monitoring of distillate composition as a reliable way of assessing the degree of a solvent switch process from methanol and n-propanol to isopropyl acetate. Multivariate statistical methods of Multiple Linear Regression and Partial Least Squares were evaluated for quantitative determination of the total alcohol concentrations in the distillate samples. Robust models were obtained by incorporating temperature variance into the calibration set. Reliable prediction of total alcohol concentration was successfully achieved by near-infrared spectroscopy as judged by a comparison with gas chromatography data.


Graph are use to represent complex relationship which includes online social network, pandemic spread network and other real world networks. In recent time, graph sampling is used for study of different parameters of network, such includes many sampling algorithms like Random node, Random edge sampling, Rank degree, etc. which are used for collection of subset of network, but efficient estimation methods are not discussed much for parameter estimation. This paper presents a comparison of different estimators comprises Simple random sampling, Ratio and Regression estimator to estimate the average degree of network. To collect sample technique of triangles are collected using seed nodes. A comparative procedure is used to obtain the lower and upper limit of confidence intervals with the help of multiple samples. Ogive based simulation is also used for single value computation of both limits of confidence interval(CI). The results obtained from simulation, show that Regression estimator is more efficient than the Ratio and Simple random sampling based estimators.


The existence of the real estate brokerage industry is generally attributed to high transaction costs in real estate markets. In the case of brokers assisting sellers, brokers are typically expected to market sellers' properties to potential buyers, assist in contract negotiations, and coordinate post-contract tasks necessary to close transactions with the overall objective of maximizing gross sale proceeds to the sellers. Presumably, brokers can perform these duties at lower cost than sellers and sellers are willing to share the resulting surplus with brokers. In addition to cost efficiencies, brokers may also impact market outcomes. Numerous prior studies investigate whether or not the use of brokers as well as various broker actions, broker characteristics, and broker/seller legal relationships affect market outcomes in the form of price and/or, time on the market effects in the housing market. This study extends this line of research by considering price, time on market, and probability of sale effects in relation to four specific marketing strategies used, to varying degrees, by brokers representing house sellers: Public Open Houses, Broker Open Houses, MLS Virtual Tours, and MLS Photographs. The results indicate positive relationships between these strategies and house prices and mixed relationships between these strategies and probability of sale and time on the market.


Abstract In the first part of this paper, tests were described for determining which points of any line in a Galois plane II of order q2 are to be transferred to the conjugate line in order to transmute II into the corresponding Hughes plane Ω. In this part of the paper the tests are refined to provide, in relation to some fixed point in the central subplane δ0 of Ω (i) a simple geometrical condition of transfer for a certain set of ½q(q2−1) points of II and (ii) a simple aglebraic condition for the remaining points of II – δ0. These tests eliminate from the computation (for a given value of q) the necessity of calculating the third coordinates of ½q2 (q2−1) points in order to determine which are not-squares.


The effect of shifting pH of the growth medium on cell cycle initiation by the yeast Candida utilis was studied. The yeast was grown by the phased method of cultivation with nitrogen source (ammonium) in growth limiting concentrations and with a phasing period (imposed doubling time) of 6 h. The pH of the culture during the phased growth was maintained between 2.0 and 2.1. The rate of cell cycle initiation as determined by the rate of bud emergence was 24% per hour. If the pH of the culture was shifted to 6.0 at the beginning of the phasing period and maintained at that level for the rest of the phasing period the rate of bud emergence increased to 50% per hour. The increased rate of bud emergence was accompanied by a fast uptake of oxygen and the growth-limiting nutrient and by a reduction in the respiratory quotient. The results suggest that the pH shift accelerated cellular processes necessary for cell cycle initiation.


Objective To introduce the clinical curing method,the curing goal and the valid preventive measures of the digest ulcerate.Methods From Cause of disease,Outbreak mechanism,Pathology,on the basis of Clinical performance,and according to author' s experience in the clinical,the studies on the digest ulcerate were reported.Results Three kinds valid method that is curing patient of the digest ulcerate is pointed out.One is normal curing method,the second is medicine curing method,and the third is the coexisting-symptom curing method.Conclusion The curing goal and the valid preventive measures of the digest ulcerate is pointed out.


Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is a rare cause of spinal cord or dural sac compression. It is more common in males and usually affects the thoracic spine. This condition is often a consequence of excessive endogenous corticosteroid production or exogenous steroid administration for various intercurrent systemic diseases. The case histories of two patients suffering from lumbar SEL are reviewed and the management of the patients discussed, we are encouraged to report two cases. They are benign lesions, frequently presenting low back pain or neurogenic claudication, should be considered in the differential diagnosis, in patients with low back pain and radiculopathy. Conservative treatment should be attempted with obesity, steroid use and endogenous steroid disease, provided that there are no neurological deficits. Surgical treatment with SEL is the gold standard in patients with intractable pain or neurological deficit.


Existing survey instruments of trust in science and scientists that focus on the general public are potentially insufficient to assess climate skeptics' perspectives towards climate science. They may miss important aspects of climate science about which skeptics raise concerns, and may not accurately measure climate skeptics' distrust in climatology. We introduce a new survey instrument developed using data gathered from interviewing 33 self-identified climate change skeptics in Idaho. The survey items capture skeptics' beliefs regarding climate scientists' trustworthiness and credibility, their deference to scientific authority, and their perceptions of alienation from the climate science community. We validate our survey instrument using data from an online survey administered to 1000 residents in the U.S. Pacific Northwest who are skeptical of climate change. By employing standard survey design principles, we demonstrate how our new (dis)trust in climate science instrument performs in tandem with well-known predictors of science attitudes and pro-environmentalism.


Americans increasingly are in charge of their own financial security after retirement. With the shift from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) pension plans, workers have to decide not only how much to save for retirement but also how to allocate their pension wealth. Moreover, in recent decades the complexity of financial instruments has increased, so individuals must use new and more sophisticated financial products. How well-equipped are Americans to make their own saving decisions? Do they even plan for retirement? Do they possess adequate financial literacy? These questions will be addressed in this article.


Security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED) is one of the most important problems in power system operations. Corrective SCED (CSCED) is a type of SCED that considers corrective capabilities of the power system and adjusts base case decisions according to post-contingency states. Because of the large scale of the CSCED problem, it is difficult for purely model-based approaches to meet the time limits in real-time practical operations. To leverage historical operation data, this paper develops a novel hybrid model-based and data-driven framework to accelerate the solution process of CSCED. In the offline stage, our previous model-based contingency filtering approach is utilized to label active statuses of contingencies against historical net load samples. In the online stage, a multi-label classifier based on the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm quickly generates an active contingency set corresponding to the real-time net load. This active contingency set can be used to calculate the economic dispatch decisions in one shot. In addition, the accuracy of our framework can be further improved by adding an optional contingency filtering procedure at the end. Numerical testing results on the IEEE RTS-96 system demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the hybrid framework as compared to a purely model-based approach.


Vocabulary is one of the main influence factors in senior high school students' English learning according to the author's English teaching practice.After having analyzed the features of English vocabulary,this paper puts forward some methods of teaching vocabulary from these aspects:the formation of words,homographs and homophones,and the language situation.


the work force by suggesting that they were numerically strong in the areas where the mills were situated. He is, however, unable to prove this and ignores the alternative explanation that the millowners preferred to employ members of their own caste. His own statistics tend to support the latter view. For example, in one Naidu-owned mill the caste comprised about 26 per cent of the work force while in a Chettiar mill they were only 3 per cent. In a Gounder mill the Gounders were 60 per cent while in a Naidu mill they were 33 per cent. Other statistics on p. 16 support the view that in Coimbatore there is some correlation between mill ownership and the caste composition of the work force. Whether caste loyalty to the millowners significantly cross-


This literature review aims to highlight the possible causes, complications, and management of this event from previously published studies discussing dehydration in critically-ill patients admitted to the emergency room (ER). In general, the administration of fluids has been used in the ER for critically-ill patients for many purposes. These include the optimization and adjustment of body fluids and electrolytes, increase renal protection against contrast, enhance uric acid, globins, caloric intake, and as an adjuvant to ameliorate the potentiality of certain medications or to dilute them. Many etiologies have been accused to cause dehydration in critically-ill patients. These include the fasting strategy that patients are obliged to whenever undergoing a surgical operation. Kidney, heart, and liver injuries have also been associated with patients' dehydration. Old age and the presence of other co-morbidities diabetes insipidus and uncontrolled diabetes can also aggravate the condition. Mental affection is the main complication that patients with severe dehydration might complain about. Other complications might include aggravation of heart failure, and skin diseases, and deterioration of the kidney functions and other cellular processes that require adequate nourishment for their daily normal functions. Mortality is also a serious common complication, especially within elderly patients. Although the management of dehydration can be easily achieved by fluid administration, fluid overload can aggravate the underlying complications and develop others. Therefore, the main challenge here would be to frequently monitor patients during fluid administration and resuscitation to prevent this side effect.


Тhe paper presents the ontology editor which was built as part of ISTINA (Intellectual System for Thematic Analysis of Scientometrical Data), a system which is used in Lomonosov Moscow State University and a number of other institutions. The client side of the editor is based on web technologies (HTML 5, Twitter Bootstrap, JS), and allows one to enter concepts and relations between them in a web browser in an interactive mode. The server side of the editor is using the Django web framework like the rest of the ISTINA system, and implements a SPARQL endpoint, a version control system, users' personal ontology pages, collaborative editing and conflicts resolution mechanisms. The data is stored in a relational database, queries to the database are generated using the Django object-relational mapping system. This paper presents the editor architecture, database storage, details of the version control system and various applications, including automating the learning process.


Inverter, as one of photovoltaic (PV) system's component coordinates various operating states such as supplying power to the grid, purchasing electricity from the grid and self-supply with solar power. Since we notice that PV power supply is a one-way process, where current only flows from PV generator in one direction directly into the grid and gradually coming to an end. In its place, self-supply with solar power is gaining important. In medium voltage range, particularly inverters are also increasingly undertaking tasks to stabilize the grid during voltage fluctuations.This paper reviews the inverter performance in a PV system that is integrated with a power distribution network (i.e., medium to low voltage), or we called it grid-connected PV system. Since the PV system is connected to the public grid, then the inverter eventually called "grid-tie inverter" (GTI). In general, the inverter used is a centralized inverter with settings based on the multiple power point tracker (MPPT) algorithm. The MPPT control is installed on both DC and AC sides which requires a voltage setting that is in accordance with the PV system.


Zhou Libo was an excellent editor and journalist.He united purpose of the Communist Party and aspirations of people on the aim of national benefit.He summarized his experience of interviewing and editing,and formed original journalism theory of interviewing and writing.


The books I will be presenting here briefly reflect the rapidly growing scholarship on "globalism," the "new cosmopolitanism," and related phenomena of the "transnational" age. Two general observations I want to make up-front. First, this emerging sort of inquiry is cross-disciplinary and fundamentally comparative. As Fredric Jameson notes in the Preface to The Cultures of Globalization, his topic is "unclassifiable," falling as it does "outside the established academic disciplines" (xi). This is the reason the discourse addressing such a topic will conceivably raise questions of expertise, focus, and so forth. In fact, this discourse is already going through an "identity crisis" of sorts, much like cultural studies, from which it has actually stemmed. Second, but in close relation to its ancestry, "global studies" is a field that is struggling to produce instruments, methodologies, and a vocabulary of its own. As the


Maria-Ileana Faguaga Iglesias knows firsthand about human rights activism in Cuba. A historian and anthropologist, Faguaga is an associate professor at the University of La Habana and Director of the Inter-Cultural and Inter-Religious Dialogue Project from CEHILA-Cuba (Commission to Study the History of the Church in Latin America). An activist in the rights of the Afro-Cuban population, her main focus of research are the Afro-Cuban women, Afro-Cuban religions, power and authority relations, as well as the possibilities for a dialogue among Afro-Cuban religions and the Roman Catholic Church, race, gender, and health.In this interview given to Conectas, Maria-I. Faguaga Iglesias explains the background of the human rights organisations in Cuba, besides speaking about the difficulties faced by activists and academics on the Island, among which is the lack of access to technology. During the interview, the activist highlights how "the concrete reality of activists and scholars concerned should be taken into account and, above all, that of the affected populations, even if not directly involved in activism. If this is not done, the work will lack substance and reach."Based on this perspective, Faguaga emphasises how important it is for NGOs to focus their work on the axis of human rights, both in the South and in the North in its work with the South, to take into account the idiosyncrasies; among these is Cuba, whose situation is not always properly understood.


In this paper the approach for fuzzy clustering-classification of medical short data samples using the method of fuzzy spatial extrapolation is considered. The proposed procedure refers to the direction of Medical Data Mining, and is hybrid system that can solve the task of diagnosing of various diseases in a limited sample, complete or partial overlapping of classes, their different densities, different numerical filling and requires for its training small volumes of a priori information. Also this procedure can realize a filling of gaps in feature vector based on recovery of hidden dependencies that are contained in data set.


The safety and welfare of children is everybody's business.

You could be a neighbour, friend, parent, relative, child-minder, teacher, doctor or working for any organisation which has contact with children and young people.


The present invention provides an intermediate attachment mechanism that Powerposer (10). This mechanism, at least one power supply is connected to the integrated circuit (14) (16), configured to store a code comprising information, and at least one integrated circuit operating at the provided energy by the power supply, comprising a substrate provided with at least one power source and at least one integrated circuit (12), the substrate comprises a connection means connected to the application device (22), and a mounting means for mounting the application device. Furthermore, the present invention provides a transponder substrate, at least one antenna disposed on the transponder substrate, the battery assist or active RFID transponder attached and powerposer provided on the transponder substrate. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an active or battery auxiliary RFID transponder comprising a powerposer and powerposer. .FIELD 1


Purpose: Measurements using air‐filled ionization chambers must be corrected for the effect of ion recombination. In recent years a number of authors have presented data for cylindrical and parallel chambers that do not agree with the standard Boag theory. An experimental investigation was carried out to look at the possible mechanisms that have been proposed for these deviations. Method and Materials: Four different Farmer‐type chambers ‐ PTW30001, NE2571, NE2581, Exradin A12 — were used to look at how the recombination behaviour depended on: i) chamber type; ii) continuous or pulsed radiation; iii) dose per pulse; iv) modality (photons or electrons). Three radiation sources were used: i) Sr‐90 check source; ii) Co‐60 beam; iii) Elekta Preciselinac.Results: It was found that all four chamber types showed similar non‐linear behaviour at polarizing voltages > 250 V using a low‐doserate Sr‐90 check source. This was a little surprising considering the significant differences in chamber design for these types. Also, all chamber types showed a difference in the shape of the 1/I vs 1/V plot for opposite polarities — the chamber signal was larger when collecting negative charge ‐ indicating that the effect may be due to free‐electron collection and/or charge multiplication. In the linac measurements no difference in behaviour was seen between photon and electron beams (as expected) but the non‐linear curvature and difference between polarities was only seen at low dose per pulse values (< 0.02 cGy). Stem and cable irradiation were also investigated and found to be insignificant. Conclusion: Deviations from classical Boag recombination theory have been observed for "well‐designed" Farmer chambers in a range of photon and electron beams. Measurements to date cannot single out one mechanism as the primary effect but indicate that insulator/stem irradiation and free‐electron collection are not significant.


X-ray diffraction measurements of semiconductor superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been carried out. Alternating monolayer growth of GaAs and AlAs has been confirmed by detecting the reflections at Brillouin zone boundaries in the reciprocal space. In strained GaAs–Ga 1- x In x As superlattices the tetragonal distortion is found and the tetragonality is independent of the thickness of the strained layer but increases with decreasing thickness of the GaAs layer. The X-ray study of the interdiffusion in the superlattice has been also carried out.


We have studied all final patent validity decisions issued by the federal courts between 1989 and 1996 reported in United States Patents Quarterly. We test this dataset to determine a number of facts of interest to scholars and patent litigators, including the rate at which patents are held valid, the subject matter of the patents litigated, the rate at which judges and juries hold patents valid, the most common grounds for invalidity, how validity decisions fare on appeal, and numerous other hypotheses.


The skin is a major target tissue for the injurious effects of environmental agents, some of which are directly noxious, others of which exert their toxicity in concert with metabolic derangements in the body. The porphyrias are a group of diseases that have in common the aberrant synthesis of heme, a cyclic iron-chelated tetrapyrrole. Heme is crucial for a variety of fundamental biochemical activities, including gas exchange and electron transport, that are essential for homeostasis. Heme synthesis occurs in all cells but is found predominantly in the liver and the bone marrow and is dependent on a complex series of chemical reactions catalyzed by both membrane-bound and soluble enzymes. Altered activity of these enzymes can result from either inherited or acquired abnormalities, the consequences of which include neuropsychiatric and dermatologic symptom complexes that are thought to relate directly to the excessive accumulation of porphyrins or their precursors in the body.


Topics considered include: Geology alteration and life in an extreme environment; developing a chemical code to identify magnetic biominerals; effect of impacts on early Martin geologic evolution; spectroscopic identification of minerals in Hematite-bearing soils and sediments; exopaleontology and the search for a Fossil record on Mars; geochemical evolution of the crust of Mars; geological evolution of the early earth;solar-wind-induced erosion of the Mars atmosphere. Also included geological evolution of the crust of Mars.


Differences in [sup 207]Pb/[sup 204]Pb at restricted ranges of [sup 206]Pb/[sup 204]Pb are robust indicators of differences in the earliest history of crust or mantle reservoirs, surviving later changes in U/Pb that may be due to melting, metamorphism, or sedimentary reworking. Ayuso and Bevier (1991) have used the [sup 207]Pb/[sup 204]Pb differences between Late Paleozoic granites in the N. Appalachians to trace their sources in either Laurentian (Grenville) lithosphere, or docked (Avalonian) lithosphere. If the Pb isotopic composition of Avalonian lithosphere is unique to that source among all lithospheric reservoirs in the Appalachian orogeny, the sediments shed off the orogen should record the first appearance of rocks with this extraneous Pb isotopic composition as they become accreted. The high [sup 207]Pb/[sup 204]Pb at similar [sup 206]Pb/[sup 204]Pb that may be indicative of all outboard terranes occurs in sedimentary rocks younger than middle Ordovician in New York and Maine, and younger than Ordovician in Virginia. Older sediments (Hadrynian, Cambrian), as well as autochthonous basement and paraautochonous basement slices, have lower [sup 207]Pb/[sup 204]Pb at similar [sup 206]Pb/[sup 204]Pb. The low [sup 207]Pb/[sup 204]Pb at similar [sup 206]Pb/[sup 204]Pb shown by these rocks may be a locally diagnostic signature of Late Proterozoicmore » Laurentian lithosphere. The high [sup 207]Pb/[sup 204]Pb at similar [sup 206]Pb/[sup 204]Pb may be a locally diagnostic signature of Late Proterozoic accreted terranes. Rocks with accreted terrane Pb isotopic composition became dominant in the provenance of sediments along the strike of the Appalachian orogen by middle Ordovician time.« less


A gear formed of a blended polymer of PA66 and PA6 containing a portion having PA66 molecular structure and a portion having PA6 molecular structure at a weight ratio PA66/PA6 of 99. 9/0.1 to 95.0/5.0 or a copolymer and having excellent durability, heat resistance, and dimensional stability. A speed reducer using the gear can be used under high torque and reduced in size without increasing the torque due to the dimensional change of the gear. An electric power steering device in which the speed reducer is assembled can be used for large-sized vehicles and can also be reduced in size.


In this article we discuss two main theorems relating to two different decompositions of the fraction r/n as a sum of three fractions of numerator one. Each decomposition is associated with three positive integers a, b, m such that m is a divisor of an + b. Through this discussion we devise a procedure to find values of a, b and m for a given n.