This work presents the design and implementation of a 10 W asymmetric Doherty power amplifier (ADPA) with 8.2 dB back-off at 2.2 GHz in Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) technology. The amplifier was designed to achieve high efficiency over an increased dynamic range for applications with high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs). In order to obtain high efficiency upto 8 dB power back-off (PBO), an even input power divider and two equally sized active devices for the carrier and the peaking PAs operating in class-B and class-C, respectively, were employed. The measured peak output power of the ADPA is 39.9 dBm at the 1 dB compression point (P1dB) with 45.2 % drain efficiency (η) and 39.0 % power added efficiency (PAE). Additionally, η and PAE of 42.0 % and 38.0 % are measured at 8.2 dB PBO from P1dB.


Control charts are the most important tools of statistical process control used to discriminate between assignable and common causes of variation and to improve the quality of a process. To design a control chart, three parameters including sample size, sampling interval, and control limits should be determined. The objectives are hourly expected cost, in-control average run length, power of the control chart, and average time to signal. Different approaches such as statistical design, economic design, and economic-statistical design of control charts have been considered by many researchers. Recently, multi-objective design of control chart has been investigated in the literature. In this paper we propose a multi-objective economic-statistical design of np control chart (np-MOESD). To solve the multi-objective model, a method is used to find the Pareto optimal solution and then a combined method based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is proposed to determine the most efficient design parameters. A numerical example of Duncan [1] illustrates the proposed approach. Sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the proposed model. In addition, the proposed model is compared with pure economic design (Duncan's model) as well as another model in the literature. Results show that the proposed np-MOESD model improves statistical properties of np control charts.


The Aft-deck is being applied to the latest unmanned aircraft for the purpose of shielding the gas turbine exhaust plume or spreading jets to increase the mixing rate with the ambient air, thereby reducing the temperature of exhaust gases. In this study, we would like to find out how the performance of the nozzle is affected by the design variables of the Aft-deck. The design variables of aft-deck are selected as length, expansion angle and upper deck shape. The correlation between thrust and plume shielding rate with the length variable is presented. And the correlation between the thrust and the jet diffusion range is presented according to the expansion angle. In addition, the thrust increase effect is confirmed by the removal of the upper deck and the characteristics of transverse velocity vector determined mixing performance with external flow.


The diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest has gained increasing interest during recent years through discussions on the definition of death and the advance in transplantation surgery. The demand for a correct diagnosis has become more urgent and in this connection angiography has taken a prominent place. Arrest of the cerebral circulation is considered to be a sign of irreversible brain damage, nowadays called cerebral death or total cerebral infarction. RnSHEDE & ETHELBERG (1953) demonstrated cerebral circulatory arrest by carotid angiography in five patients with tentorial herniation due to an expansive intracranial lesion. The same angiographic signs have been described by LOFSTEDT & VON REIS (1956, 1959), HEISKANEN (1964) and BucHELER et coll, (1970), among others, in patients with intracranial injuries or diseases associated with raised intracranial pressure. The aim of this paper is to present the angiographic findings in a consecutive series of patients with a clinical diagnosis of cerebral death.


Obesity results in physiologic changes that effect nearly every organ system, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, endocrine, genitourinary, and neuropsychiatric. These changes are associated with complications in the postoperative period that the anesthesia provider must take into account when planning the anesthetic of the obese patient. Obesity is associated with obstructive sleep apnea, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and restrictive-type changes in lung volumes that decrease the obese patient's ability to compensate for the changes that take place with anesthesia. The anesthetic provider should conduct a thorough preoperative evaluation, ensure complete reversal of neuromuscular blockade prior to extubation to prevent obstruction, ensure adequate pain control without compromising respiratory function, and consider use of Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines for patients on home CPAP. Obesity is also associated with an increased risk of perioperative arrhythmias, thrombotic events, impaired wound healing, decreased kidney function, and postoperative cognitive decline. Anesthetic providers should make every effort to take steps in order to prevent these complications and be knowledgeable about their management should they occur.
This review contains 3 figures, 2 tables, 37 references


For the purpose to reveal the changes in stimulatory
effect of dibutyryl-cyclic- AMP on erythropoiesis during ontogenetic development, the author studied syntheses of DNA, RNA and protein of erythroid cells in fetal liver, neonatal and adult bone marrows of rats. In the bone marrow of neonatal animals erythropoiesis was stimulated by the intraperitoneal injection of cyclic nucleotide with
enhanced DNA, RNA and protein syntheses of erythroid cells. Enhancing effect of dibutyryl-c-AMP on the erythropoiesis decreased gradually with advance of neonatal days. Autoradiographic observations revealed that in erythoid cells isolated from fetal liver and neonatal
bone marrows, DNA-, RNA- and protein-snythesis was markedly
stimulated by incubating with cyclic nucleotide, but not in those from adult bone marrow. Discussion was made on the changes in the regulatory mechanism of erythropoiesis according to the transition of hematopoietic organs during development.


In this paper we describe a Simula package (or `context') for simulating radio communication networks. The context is developed in layers, the higher layers in the context being patterned after the levels of the ISO/OSI Reference Model. Each of the layers in our context is developed as a separate subclass of the standard Simula class Simulation, and layers that model OSI levels include interfaces to adjacent layers. The context provides an easy-to-use interface to a model of the Physical Layer (Layer1) of the OSI model. Within Layer1 we provide models for several types of radio communication systems including spread spectrum transmitters and receivers. Users can redefine some of the attributes of the transmitters and receivers defined in Layer1 without the need to modify Layer1 itself. We illustrate our approach with the example of a radio network that uses a carrier-sense multiple-access protocol for channel access.


Because of the internal and external factors, the industrial fabric of country-owned corporation is stable little by little in HeiLongJiang province, in the past development. But the situation of similar developments has not been existed. The industrial fabric of optimum and improvement has more trouble. The key of modulating the industrial fabric is improving the first industry and forming industrial agriculture, the second industry improve and optimise little by little. The third industry need ealarge rapidly.


Growing evidence has demonstrated that members of TNF superfamily transduce signals after engagement with their receptors. TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), a member of TNF superfamily, is preferentially expressed on the surface of activated CD4 1 Th1 cells. The soluble receptor activator of NF- k B (RANK).Fc fusion protein suppresses IFN- g secretion by activated Th1 cells, but does not affect IL-4 secretion by Th2 cells. The suppressive effect on IFN- g secretion is observed when Th1 cells are activated by APCs, but not by immobilized anti-TCR b mAb. In contrast, immobilized RANK.Fc fusion protein augments IFN- g secretion by Th1 cells, indicating the occurrence of reverse signaling through TRANCE during T cell/APC interaction. The enhanced secretion of IFN- g mediated via TRANCE correlates with the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and is blocked by SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-specific inhibitor. Thus, in addition to its role in activating dendritic cells by binding to the receptor RANK, TRANCE itself can signal the augmentation of IFN- g secretion via a p38-dependent pathway, and this provides yet another example of reverse signaling by a member of TNF superfamily. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 270–276.


A increasingly common way for the diagnostics of viral agents is to carry out PCR from biological samples, which can detect their nucleic acid during the acute phase of the disease. Taking into account the need for quality control of PCR tests in laboratories accredited by ISO/IEC 17025:2017, we intend to carry out feasibility studies for the production of Reference Materials (MR) for these molecular tests, using BVDV in the matrix serum as a model. The first step for this goal was the validation of an analytical method for quantification of viral RNA to characterize the material under study. Primers and probe from a commercial qualitative assay kit designed for Real Time RT-PCR (VetMax Gold BVDV - Thermo Fisher) were used for quantification of BVDV by ddPCR. The technique was optimized and a Detection Limit of 13 copies/μL was determined, allowing a Quantification Limit of 38 copies/μL. The method showed to be linear over two orders of magnitude. The method will be used in the homogeneity study and long-term stability tests for the pilot batch of BVDV in Fetal Bovine Serum MR, a model for the production of MR intended for PCR of BVDV and other Flaviviridae.


The report describes details of a study of cracking in prestressed concrete I-girder bridges in Missouri. The objectives of this effort were to identify causes for the types of cracking that have been observed at girder ends of prestressed I-girder bridges; study if these cracks warrant structural repairs; suggest suitable repair techniques; and recommend potential design revisions to prevent cracking in future girders. A database of bridge information was constructed and analyzed to determine potential causes of cracking. The database contained 150 cracked and uncracked bridges and extensive information regarding the location, geometry, and construction of the bridges. A model was developed that has the ability to predict the cracked status of a bridge with 77% accuracy, based on certain bridge parameters. Diagonal tension stresses were computed using uncracked elastic analysis. It was observed that when combined with residual tensile stresses due to early-age differential thermal loading and restraints provided by forms, the diagonal tensile stress might be adequate to cause girder-end cracking. However, using ultimate analysis, it was shown that the shear reinforcement provided in the Missouri Department of Transportation design is more than adequate to ensure that these cracks do not precipitate a catastrophic shear failure. Early-age cracking at girder-ends was studied using a combination of analytical and numerical models. It was concluded that the combined effect of residual stresses due to differential thermal loading at early-age and tensile stress at girder-ends due to prestress transfer was adequate to cause the horizontal web cracks and diagonal cracks in the reverse diagonal direction observed. The effects of continuity provided at the diaphragms on cracking of the girder-ends and diaphragms were studied. Vertical cracks in the girders near the end, spalling of diaphragms and girders pulling out of diaphragms were attributed to service temperature loading and continuity detailing used. Design detailing at the bents used by a few other states were reviewed in light of the problems encountered in Missouri with a view to offer design alternatives for consideration. Two existing bridges, one cracked and one uncracked, were monitored to determine accurate temperature profiles and the magnitude of thermal deflections experienced by these typical bridges. The AASHTO recommended thermal gradients were compared to the measured thermal gradients and were found to be in good agreement. A finite element analysis using a commercially available software package was used to perform a parametric study to determine the magnitude and distribution of stresses that can be induced by the AASHTO positive and negative thermal gradients. The thermal stresses ranged from 500 psi (3.44 MPa) in tension to 1000 psi (6.89 MPa) in compression, which are on the order of 0.3 to 1.3 times the stress due to dead load, live load and prestressing. Ultimately, the objective of this study was to effectively eliminate this type of cracking in I-girders.


Objective To explore the possible long term effect of fighter pilot career on the cardiac structure and function. Methods Forty healthy old (age 67.6±3.91) former fighter pilots engaged in flight career for more than 30 years served as subjects, and forty healthy old (age 69.0±3.76) ground personnel as controls. Parameters of cardiac structure and function of both groups were measured by colored sonogram and compared stastically. Results Many indexes in pilot group had no significant difference with those in controls. LVESV, 1/2FF, 1/3FF, E, E/A, aortic valve area, internal diameter of the ring and sinus in pilot group were significanly higher than those in control group ( P 0.05). LVEF, FS, CI and AFF in pilot group were significantly lower than those in control group ( P 0.05). Conclusion The difference of structure indexes between two groups may be the result of long term repeated exposure to high +G Z and flight stress in pilots. Because the heart function indexes in pilot group were not negatively affected, the structural variation can be regarded as vestige of former adaptive reaction.


Compounds of the type (ArylNHCH2CH2)2O (Aryl = 2,6-Me2C6H3 (H2[1a]), 2,6-Et2C6H3 (H2[1b]), 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3 (H2[1c])) can be prepared by treating (TsOCH2CH2)2O (TsO = tosylate) with the lithium anilides in THF. [1a,b]TiCl2, [1a,b]TiMe2, [1a]Ti(CH2Ph)2, [1a−c]M(NMe2)2 (M = Zr or Hf), [1a−c]MCl2, and [1a−c]MR2 (R = Me, Et, i-Bu) were prepared. An X-ray study of [1a]Ti(CH2Ph)2 revealed the structure to be a distorted trigonal bipyramid (type B) in which the two amido nitrogens and one benzyl ligand occupy equatorial positions. An X-ray study of [1a]ZrMe2 showed it to be a distorted trigonal bipyramid that contains "axial" amido groups (type A), while an X-ray study of [1c]HfEt2 revealed it to have a structure halfway between type A and type B, i.e., a distorted square pyramid with one alkyl in the apical position. Analogous compounds were also prepared that contain a sulfur donor instead of oxygen, i.e., [(2,6-Me2C6H3NHCH2CH2)2S] (H2[2a]), [(2,6-i-Pr2C6H3NHCH2CH2)2S] (H2[2c]), [2a,c]Zr(NMe2)2, [2a,c]ZrCl2, [2a,...


ABSTRACT This article proposes a run sum Max chart for monitoring a process and detecting changes in mean and variability simultaneously. A Markov chain method is applied to evaluate the statistical performance of the chart by using both average run length (ARL) and expected average run length (EARL) criteria. The numerical analysis demonstrates an improved performance of the run sum Max control chart over the usual Max chart. In addition, a numerical comparison with the Max-EWMA control chart as well as with the Max chart supplemented with runs rules, reveals that the run sum Max chart outperforms these charts in the detection of moderate to large shifts in both process parameters. Furthermore, we provide practical guidance for the selection of the appropriate charting procedure, while the use of the proposed run sum Max chart in practice is illustrated via a numerical example.


In the Indonesian seas, large tidal currents interact with the rough topography and create strong internal waves at the tidal frequency, called internal tides. Part of them will eventually propagate and dissipate far away from generation sites. Their associated mixing upwells cold and nutrient-rich water that prove to be critical for climate system and for marine resources. This thesis uses the physical ocean general circulation model, NEMO, as part of the INDESO project that aims at monitoring the Indonesian marine living resources. Models not taking into account tidal missing are unable to correctly reproduce the vertical structure of watermasses in Indonesian seas. However, taking into account this mixing is no simple task as the phenomena involved in tidal mixing cover a wide spectrum of spatial scales. Internal tides indeed propagate over thousands of kilometres while dissipation and mixing occurs at centimetric to millimetric scales. A model capable of resolving all these processes at the same time does not exist. Until now scientists either parameterised the tidal mixing or used models which only partly resolve internal tides. More and more scientists introduce explicit tidal forcing in their models but without knowing where the energy is going and how the internal tides are dissipated. This thesis intends to quantify energy dissipation in NEMO forced with explicit tidal forcing and compares it to the dissipation induced by the currently used parameterization. This thesis also provides new results about the quantification of the tidal energy budget in NEMO. I first contributed to an INDESO study that aimed at validating the model against several observation data sets. In a second and third study, I investigated the mixing produced in the model by explicit tidal forcing and its impact on water mass. Explicit tides forcing proves to produce a mixing comparable to the one produced by the parameterization. It also produces a significant cooling of 0.3 °C with maxima reaching 0.8°C in the areas of internal tide generation. The cooling is stronger on austral winter. The spring tides and neap tides modulate this impact by 0.1°C to 0.3°C. The model generates 75% of the expected internal tides energy, in good agreement with other previous studies. In the ocean interior, most of it is dissipated by horizontal momentum dissipation (19 GW), while in reality one would expect dissipation through vertical possesses. This value is close to the dissipation induced by the parameterization (16 GW). The mixing is strong over generation sites, and only 20% remains for far field dissipation mainly in the Banda and Sulawesi Seas. The model and the recent INDOMIX cruise [Koch-Larrouy et al. (2015)], which provided direct estimates of the mixing, are surprisingly in good agreement mainly above straits. However, in regions far away from the energy generation sites where INDOMIX found NO evidence of intensified mixing, the model produces too strong mixing. The bias comes from the lack of specific set up of internal tides in the model. More work is thus needed to improve the modeled dissipation, which is a theme of active research for the scientific community. I dedicated the last part of my thesis to the quantification of tidal energy sinks in NEMO. I first worked on a simple academic case: the COMODO internal tides test case, which analyses the behaviour of a vertically stratified fluid forced by a barotropic flow interacting over an idealized abyssal plain/slope/shelf topography without bottom friction. The results of the finite element T-UGOm hydrodynamic model are compared with those of NEMO. The central issue in calculating tidal energy budget is the separation of barotropic and baroclinic precesses. To this aim we developed an original method based on the projection on vertical modes. At first glance, this method compares well with the classical method of separation using the vertically averaged current. However, when looking into more details at energy budgets, vertical modes allow a cleaner and more realistic separation between barotropic and baroclinic tides. This precision will be very useful for the future SWOT mission. Also this method of separation allows quantification of the energy associated with each mode. This allowed us to identify an important bias in NEMO: The higher the mode is the shorter the NEMO wavelengths become compared to the T-UGOm wavelengths. NEMO also produces a strong numerical mixing that erodes the barotropic tides on the abyssal plain, where there is no bottom friction. The best suspect might be the 2D/3D coupling scheme implied by the NEMO's time splitting. This work pinpoints areas for reflection and investigation to improve how the model takes into account internal tides dissipation. Based on our separation method, work is in progress to better quantify tidal energy budget in the Indonesian Seas.


Abstract : The site of the Newburgh Locks and Dam, located on the Ohio River 8 miles upstream from the confluence of the Ohio and Green Rivers near Evansville, Indiana, was investigated with regard to liquefaction potential. Cyclic triaxial compression tests were performed on remolded specimens of the foundation material at various densities. A one-dimensional wave-propagation analysis was performed for two typical soil profiles under the fixed-weir portion of the structure. As a result of this analysis, it is recommended that a study be initiated to determine the cost and benefits of: (a) removing the top 20 ft of sand below and downstream of the toe of the rock berm and replacing this material with nonliquefiable material; (b) extending the existing rock berm in the downstream direction. It is believed that such modifications might render the structure stable under earthquake excitation.


The products of the solid-state reactions between potassium metal and tetracene (K:Tetracene, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1) are fully structurally characterized. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction shows that only K2Tetracene forms under the reaction conditions studied, with unreacted tetracene always present for x < 2. Diffraction and 13C MAS NMR show that K2Tetracene has a crystal structure that is analogous to that of K2Pentacene, but with the cations ordered on two sites because of the influence of the length of the hydrocarbon on possible cation positions. K2Tetracene is a nonmagnetic insulator, thus further questioning the nature of reported superconductivity in this class of materials.


Typically, case-based learning focuses on how students can learn from playing cases built by educators. However, students can also learn from building cases. In this demo, we will demonstrate CaseBuilder, a GUI Web App that allows students to build interactive teaching cases that can serve both as a learning experience for students and as the basis for the assessment of their learning, as well as a tool that supports the development of content for teaching future classes of students. Using student-generated cases ensures that cases are relevant to students' experiences and perspectives. So far, the CaseBuilder has been used by students in three classes at two universities, and, by developing this as open-source freeware, we hope that researchers, educators, and students across the country and around the world will be able to develop teaching cases in their disciplines and to continue to refine and extend the capabilities of CaseBuilder.


Technological advances have provided new ways of combating corrosion. Corrosion inhibitors are one means of protection for reinforced concrete structures. The effectiveness of commercially available inhibitor for concrete has been investigated. This study focuses on the effects of benzotriazole inhibitor on ordinary concrete and high performance concrete. The strength and durability property of different dosage of specimens without and with inhibitors on ordinary concrete and high performance concrete was compared. Corrosion tests such as Alternative Current (AC) impedance, Open circuit potential, Long term Potential Resistance (LPR) sweep, Custom sweep, and Half-cell potential were also conducted and compared with ordinary and high performance concrete without and with benzotriazole inhibitor. The inhibitor shows better performance strength, durability and good corrosive resistance.


A young HIV‐infected patient presented with a severe auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia with both warm and cold auto‐antibodies, an infrequent category of anti‐erythrocyte auto‐immunity. Serological findings were compatible with the presence of a low‐titre, high‐thermal‐amplitude anti‐I cold‐reacting antibody and a pan‐reactive warm‐reactive auto‐antibody. Immunochemical characterisation of the warm antibody failed to identify any membrane protein acting as auto‐antigen. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of mixed‐type autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in a patient with HIV infection. Overt haemolysis is a very rare complication in HIV‐infected patients, despite the high prevalence of a positive direct antiglobulin test reported in these patients. This suggests that HIV infection is a condition in which anti‐erythrocyte auto‐immunity is a serological finding without haemolytic effects in the large majority of cases.


The concept of forward-nested multiplication is used to develop a unified power series-Hill determinant method for the calculation of Schrodinger-equation energy levels. A numerical application is made to the exponential cosine screened potential.


By comparing intermittent aeration mode with continuous aeration mode in SBR, the enrichment effect of aerobic denitrifiers in activated sludge system was discussed. The results showed that the two acclimation modes were beneficial to the enrichment of aerobic denitrifiers in the sludge system. After acclimating activated sludge, 105 strains of bacteria were isolated from the sludge and 21 of the 105 strains exhibited high TN removal rates of more than 50%. Eventually, after second screening, 6 strains were confirmed capable of co-respiring by using nitrate and oxygen as electron acceptor and molecular nitrogen was the end product of denitrification. The 6 strains screened were true aerobic denitrifiers. This suggests that as soon as selective pressure is applied in the sludge system, aerobic denitrification of this metabolism is amplified.


In an analysis of the diagnostic procedure for streptococcal pharyngitis, it was found that physicians had difficulty distinguishing bacterial and non-bacterial upper respiratory infections. It was also found that a nurse can realiably take a pharyngeal swab-this would result in saving time and expense.


been associated by the patient with exertion; for this reason, presumably, no special attention was paid to it. Questions put to his mother after his death revealed that the sweats were not related to effort. The only other suggestive feature in his history, also elicited after death, was a single attack of " weakness and shaking of the legs," and no further details of this episode are available. The symptoms as known before death were compatible with essential hypertension, which was presumed to have caused the coronary occlusion. The cardiovascular syndrome, of which this case is chiefly an example, may occur at all ages, mostly from 20 to 50 (Mackeith, 1944). While in hospital in 1947 the patient showed fairly wide fluctuations in pressure, but they lay within the range of variation recognized in essential hypertension and were unassociated then with other features suggestive of hyperadrenalinism. In the subsequent two years of his life blood-pressure readings were infrequent and showed only minor fluctuations in a sustained hypertension. Williams (1950) states that "patients (with phaeochromocytoma) showing persistent elevation of blood pressure may have all the anatomical and symptomatic complications that go with hypertension." None the less, reports of frank coronary occlusion in such patients seem to be rare, and death has usually been recorded as due to cerebral vascular accident, acute left ventricular failure, and renal or hypertensive failure (Green, 1946; Walton, 1950). Wilkins et al. (1950) report a case of myocardial infarction following removal of the tumour, diagnosed by E.C.G. in a man of 22 who survived; Goldenberg et al. (1950) report one in which infarction was believed to have occurred two years before diagnosis of the tumour. The reported series of coronary occlusions in young adults (French and Dock, 1944; Newman, 1946, 1951; Reich, 1948) make only brief reference to hypertension because most of the deaths occurred suddenly in apparently healthy men and few previous records of blood pressure were known: the true incidence of hypertension and its relation to coronary disease in the young is uncertain. Phaeochromocytoma was not found in any of these recorded series. The size of the heart in hypertensive heart disease seems to depend rather on the duration of heart failure than on the duration or degree of hypertension (Harrison and Wood, 1949). My patient showed gross cardiac enlargement, mainly due to left ventricular hypertrophy developing during his last two years of life, since the x-ray film taken in 1947 showed no appreciable increase in heart size. It is a remarkable feature of the case that there was little evidence of failure before the fatal coronary occlusion which occurred on the cricket field, and the patient had followed a normal working life (including games) up to that time.


Abstract Let X 1,X 2,...,X n be a random sample of size from a distribution with probability density function p(x|θ), where the unknown parameter θ belongs to a non-degenerate interval I. The unknown true value of θ will be denoted by θ0.


The study aims to determine and test the effect partially and simultaneously Variant Menu (X1), Price (X2), and Cafe Atmosphere (X3) on Customer Satisfaction (Y). This study uses a quantitative approach. The number of samples was 97 people using Non-Probability Sampling technique. Data collection techniques by means of questionnaires and data analysis techniques used are Multiple Linear Analysis using SPSS 25.0. The test results show that the Menu Variant (X1) with a sig value of 0.020 with a large influence of 0.20 or 20.6% has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Price (X2) with a sig value of 0.001 with a large influence of 0.304 or 30.4% has a negative and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Cafe atmosphere (X3) with a sig value of 0.013 with a large influence of 0.229 or 22.9% has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Meanwhile, based on the simultaneous test (F test), it can be seen that F count in the sig = 0,000 column which shows a number less than 0.05 or 0,000<0,05 with a Determinant Coefficient Value (R2) with a large effect of 0.681 or 68.1%, while 31.9% is from other variables not examined in this study.  Keywords: Menu Variants, Prices, Cafe Atmosphere, Customer Satisfaction


In 1964, Enrico Cerulli published a treatise On the Resurrection of the Dead which he had found in Ms. Palat. Orient. 148 of the Bibliotheca Mediceo–Laurenziana at Florence. The text of this treatise turned out to be a very important theological treatment of the final resurrection. Since the text dated from the fourteenth century, it was thought that it would shed some fresh light on the theological discussions of the Ethiopian church of that age. The treatise deals with an existing heresy which called in question certain orthodox opinions with respect to resurrection. Therefore, Cerulli concludes, there must have been a group of people which had spread heretical ideas with respect to the doctrine concerning resurrection in Ethiopia at that time; and he suggests that they may have been connected with a gnostic movement which, it can be demonstrated, existed in Ethiopia during the fourteenth century. I am not qualified to judge the correctness of the theological Sitz im Leben which Cerulli gives to this text. Whether or not the Ethiopic text gives us a clue to a better understanding of the historical conditions of the Ethiopian Church in that period, I am not able to decide. What I wish to demonstrate in this short note is that from another angle Cerulli's publication is most welcome.


The evolution of an elastic-plastic material is modeled as an initial boundary value problem consisting of the dynamic momentum equation coupled with a constitutive law for which the hysteretic dependence between stress and strain is described by a system of variational inequalities. This system is posed as an evolution equation in Hilbert space for which is proved the existence and uniqueness of three classes of solutions which are distinguished by their regularity.


Prospects of recycling of waste products of fibrous materials (cotton, viscose, kapron) for obtaining of elastic composite materials are shown by creation of fibre-latex composition with subsequent coagulation and vulcanization of the filled rubber. The optimum contents of the fibre and its length is determined.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the developed countries. Distant metastasis is the main cause of death in CRC patients. Surgical resection remains the potentially curative option for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). However, the prognosis is poor as the curative resection is possible in less than 25% of patients with stage IV disease, and less than 5% of patients with unresectable mCRC are alive after 5 years. Major efforts are being made to improve the prognosis for patients with mCRC, and especially to develop new therapeutic strategies. Monoclonal antibodies (mcAbs) (cetuximab and panitumumab) that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have recently been introduced for use as single agents or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of mCRC. However, the mcAbs only benefit a subset of cases that express the wild-type KRAS protein; tumors with mutated KRAS do not respond to this treatment modality. Thus, it is important that the KRAS mutation status be precisely determined to maximize the patient's benefit in a clinical setting. While a variety of methods are available for the detection of KRAS mutations, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing has been the gold standard to date. This method has two key disadvantages: its low sensitivity (2050%) and the important risk of contamination when handling the products of the PCR reaction. Thus, reliable and sensitive Rapid and Sensitive Detection of KRAS Mutation by Peptide Nucleic Acid-based Real-time PCR Clamping: A Comparison with Direct Sequencing between Fresh Tissue and Formalin-fixed and Paraffin Embedded Tissue of Colorectal Cancer


Concatenation model with exemplification of stability characterstics, Solutional behaviour encompassing and encapsulating the following systems are studied :continuous symmetry, stabilize moduli and generation of tev scale, dm relic density and gravitino problems, problems in physics, non-hierarchical theories, recuperation of qubit collapse, hyper-black hole, event horizon of a 4d black hole would be a 3d object, candidate for quantum gravity, non-classical spinning, universe's uniformity, closed string vacuum, Hodge duality and finite low energy effective field theory, Poincare-invariance of the asymptotic background, classicalizer field that couples to energy-momentum sources, fivebranes and knots, higher spin theory, wearable electronics, locations of information storage and processing, behavior in ferroelectric materials, chaos and solitons, quantum interest conjecture, exo self, cosmic rays, short distances in string theory, milky way, extragalactic science, metal-poor red giants, milky way chemicals, fossil groups, extremely metal-poor stars, dark matter subhalos, satellite population, metallicity distribution function, missing satellite problem, Magellanic clouds, kodama time and entropy bounds, quasiperiodicity and chaos, "isolated" pulse of "negative energy" can exist, violation of the point wise energy conditions, Simon's theorem, biharmonic SDE, quantum gravity and strings, spatial quantum inequality for a scalar field, quantum inequalities in curved two-dimensional spacetimes, Bohr's correspondence principle, black holes and topological strings, spatio-temporal extension of a given phenomenon, morphological organization of the phenomenon. Work is presented in sections of nine modules for felicity of reading and circumvention of the typing subscripts and superscripts. Concerted and orchestrated efforts are made to bring out the features to the maximum extent possible so that homogeneity of line of analysis is struck with cognizance. The full paper: http://www.iiste.org/PDFshare/APTA-PAGENO-127815-133049.pdf


Although architecture is the fastest-growing profession in America, its private context remains shrouded in myth. In this book, Dana Cuff delves into the architect's everyday work world to uncover an intricate social art of design. The result is a new portrait of the profession that sheds light on what it means to become an architect, how design problems are construed and resolved, how clients and architects negotiate, and how design excellence is achieved.


Objective:To study the therapeutic safety and effect of holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for treating ureteral calculi combined with acute renal failure.Methods:Ureteroscopic holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy was used in 12 cases of ureteral calculi.Results:After the operation the serum BUN and Gr levels in the patients decreased to different degrees or returned to mormal and the stone free rate was up to 92%(11/12).Conclusions:The ureteroscopic holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy can be the effective treatment for the upper urinary tract obstruction combined with acute renal failure,due to its safety and efficiency.It can also deal with the double sites of ureteral diseases.


The paper analyzed the conditions and problems of industrial relevancy in Liaoning province.In view of relevancy among three industries,it pointed out that the industrial structure in Liaoning province is not reasonable due to the low relevancy among three industries,the development of the industry fails to push the development of other industries effectively.Then it put forward ideas of raising the degree of industrial relevancy,promoting the upgrade of industrial struture and the integration of regional resources.


Coupling equations used to calculate the chemical composition of substances by X-ray fluorescence analysis can be classified as empirical, theoretical or semi-empirical based on the method for determining the coefficients of the calibration function. The advantages and disadvantages of each class of equations are discussed. Recommendations for the selecting the optimum conditions for determining empirical correction coefficients and their control during analysis are provided.


Abstract In 1846 J.M.N. Colls described an ancient co-axial field system on Baildon Moor in West Yorkshire in a paper in the journal Archaeologia, believed to be the first account of its kind in UK archaeological literature. Even then, the remains were sparse and it has long been believed by most later commentators that all field evidence for the system had long since disappeared. However, encouraged by a survey of Baildon Moor commissioned by English Heritage in 1994 in connection with an entirely different objective (a survey of cup-and-ring-marked rocks) the author has re-examined the moor and, armed with both Colls' 1846 map and the 1994 survey, found that traces of the system reported over a century and a half ago by Colls still survive on the ground. The paper describes Colls' original account along with later Victorian re-workings of his material and compares in detail the system recorded by Colls with both the results of the 1994 survey and of extensive fieldwork carried out by the author in 2007. It attempts to set the Baildon Moor field system into its wider archaeological context and concludes that Colls' account stands out, not only as the first, but as a remarkably good one for its time.


To examine the causes of land subsidence on marshes drained for agriculture, carbon fluxes and changes in land-surface elevation were determined on three islands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California. Over the time period of March 1990 to May 1992, gaseous CO2 fluxes were determined approximately monthly using closed chambers, and dissolved carbon fluxes were determined from the dissolved carbon loads of drainage ditches adjacent to each field site. Surface elevation changes were measured continuously by measuring the distance between the land surface and an elevated structure anchored beneath the organic soil layer. Gaseous CO2 fluxes accounted for most of the permanent subsidence measured over the monitoring period. Gaseous CO2 fluxes are strongly affected by soil temperature. Net subsidence rates for the three islands, which have different depths of organic soils and water-management practices, range from 0.46 to 1.06 cm/yr. Estimates of dissolved organic carbon fluxes for all three islands were small relative to gaseous CO2 losses and represent <1% of the measured subsidence.


Abstract In this paper a detailed analysis of 14N NQR experimental data of the chiral liquid crystal TBACA is presented. The effects of the possible orientational ordering of the short molecular axes and of the fluctuations in the direction of the long molecular axis are taken into account. It is shown that in the smectic H* phase polar orientational ordering of the -CH=N-groups exists with the values of ⟨cos ϕ⟩ between∼0.1 and∼0.01. In the smectic C* phase this ordering is even smaller. Anisotropic fluctuations in the direction of the long molecular axes definitely take place in the smectic C* phase.


This paper is a description of the development of a new educational leadership program at Austin Peay State University. From inception to implementation, the program used Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) standards, a tool for assessing programs in educational administrator preparation. The goal of the program was to embed the standards into all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of the program. The paper describes briefly some of the challenges in implementing the program, with an emphasis on one particular issue: how to design accountability strategies consistent with current best practices in education. With all this in mind, Curriculum developers created the following courses for the Leadership Studies program: Leadership and Systems (60 hours); Human Interactions (120 hours); Instructional Leadership (120 hours); Educational Diversity and Ethics (60 hours); Law and Management (60 hours); and Leadership and Systems (180 hours). Along with a practicum, assignments in each course include a portion of an end-of-program leadership project and a portion of a school-improvement plan. Practicum assignments and assessment tools used for each course are presented in a table. As the program develops, the faculty continues to address the design, evaluation, and accountability for the success of the practicum experiences. (WFA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Accountability Using ISLLC Standards in Practicum Experiences Presented to the Southern Region Council on Educational Administration Jacksonville, Florida


In this paper, fuzzy cellular neural networks with distributed delays and variable coefficients are studied. Applying Gaines and Mawhins continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, the method of Lyapunov function and the elementary inequality 2xy ≤ x2 + y2, we establish some sufficient conditions which ensure the existence and global exponential stability of periodic solution of such fuzzy cellular neural networks with distributed delays and variable coefficients. These sufficient conditions, which are easily checked in practice by simple algebra methods, have a wide range of application. An example with its numerical simulations is given to show the feasibility of the obtained theoretical predictions. The results obtained in this article are completely new and complement the previously known studies.


revolutions, 7 on the review of the weaving paradigm, 8 on the analysis of constitutions and the status of laws, and 9 on the final description of the science and the work of the statesman as weaver. Through these frequent dives to the microscopic level, and despite the author's expressed refusal to "break up the text" (22), the book is reminiscent of the type of sustained and astute commentary that might accompany a translation. Moreover, El Murr often reproduces passages (up to a Stephanus page in length) to comment on structure, vocabulary and syntax, translation alternatives, the establishment of the text, proposed interpretations of other commentators, and much else. In addition to its scholarly virtues, one of the main strengths of this commentary is to remind the contemporary reader of the presence of many provocative elements in the Statesman, especially if one considers the historical period's "horizon of expectations." More than anywhere else, Plato arouses the reader's thoughts in the Statesman by showing familiar realities in an entirely new light. This strength is particularly noticeable in the explanations devoted to the definition of man as a featherless biped, to the quasi-ethnological description of weaving, and to the very detailed examination of the analysis of the law and of existing constitutions. The writing style is relatively clear; readers with a good command of written French should not experience any particular obstacles. However, the typical French interpretative style—consisting in subtly suggesting with esprit de finesse rather than explaining in a geometric style—is more likely to confuse the English-speaking reader. Passages where the author states that a situation or line of reasoning is "clear," "absolutely obvious," "evident," or "indisputable," almost inevitably indicate the presence of obscurity or considerable difficulty. A n n i e L a r i v é e Carleton University


This review summarized the progresses on the use of DNA markers of in studying genetic diversity of existing wild and cultivared hop germplasm.The results of DNA molecular marker technology are accurate and stable compared to morphological markers and cytological markers.Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD),Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP),Inter-simple Sequence Repeat(ISSR),Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR),and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism(AFLP) are commonly used molecular markers.Genetic diversity was often higher in hops from North America than those from Europe.The same regular was also found in the degree of genetic variation.Meanwhile,the wild hops′ gene order has a rich gene diversity,may take an idioplasm in the molecular heredity hybridization breeding to improve the cultivated varieties' some certain bad characters.The widely used molecular markers in plant genetic diversity research solved a number of difficult issues that traditional method cannot deal with.The use of molecular markers in genetic diversity of hops will be an excellent tool to provide theoretical guidance and technological support for the breeding of hops.The ideal molecular markers are SSR and AFLP presently.


rodent distribution and abundance in relation to season, habitat, and cover solely in agricultural habitats of Vigo County, Indiana. The specific objective of this report is to relate those findings to explain the occurrence of these rodents in cultivated field ecosystems and to compare my results with those of previous studies to determine what changes, if any, have occurred in the distribution and abundance of these rodents in cultivated field ecosystems.


Capturing a level of modeling of the flow inside a multistage turbomachine, such as unsteadiness for example, can be done at different levels of detail, either by capturing all deterministic features of the flow with a pure unsteady method or by settling for an approximated solution at a lower computational cost. The harmonic methods stand in this second category. Among them, the "nonlinear harmonic method" (NLHM) from He and Ning [1998, "Efficient Approach for Analysis of Unsteady Viscous Flows in Turbomachines," AIAA J., 36, pp. 2005–2012] revealed the most efficient. This method consists of solving the fully nonlinear 3D steady problem and a linearized perturbation system in the frequency domain. As it has been shown by the authors that the circumferential variations exhibit a harmonic behavior, it is proposed here to adapt the NLHM to the throughflow model, where the main nonlinear system would be the common throughflow equations and the auxiliary system would give access to the circumferential stresses. As the numerical local explicit impermeability conditions are unsupported by Fourier series, the adaptation of this technique to the throughflow model relies on a reformulation of the blade effect by a smooth force field as in the "immersed boundary method" from Peskin [2002, "The Immersed Boundary Method," Acta Numerica, 11, pp. 1–39]. A simple example of an inviscid flow around a cylinder will illustrate the preceding developments, bringing back the mean effect of the circumferential nonuniformities into the meridional flow.


ABSTRACT Acidic substituents for Ala-177 (helix 6) or Tyr-236 (helix 7) in LacY cause effects on sugar recognition and cosubstrate coupling that are stereotypical of neutral substituents. Thus, helices 6 and 7 are probably oriented to produce little side-chain contact with the low dielectric lipid bilayer at positions 177 and 236.


Partial table of contents: EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS AND LIFE HISTORY. Natural Selection and Developmental Constraints: External Versus Internal Determinants of Order in Nature (P. Alberch). THE STRUCTURE OF LIFE HISTORY ACROSS SPECIES. Evolutionary Trends in Primate Growth and Development (E. Watts). Life Histories in Fossil Species. Early Hominid Development and Life History (T. Bromage). LIFE HISTORY PROCESSES WITHIN SPECIES. Reproduction ''on the Ground.'' Intrapopulation Variation in Life-History Parameters (D. Sade). Hard Tissue Dynamics and the Life Cycle. The Relationship Between Functional Loading and Bone Architecture (L. Lanyon). Dynamic Morphology: Growth, Life History, and Ecology in Primate Evolution (B. Shea). Index.


In this paper, we propose an optimized algorithm for texture classification by computing a completed modeling of the local binary pattern (CLBP) instead of the traditional LBP of a scalable block size in an image. First, we show that the CLBP descriptor is a better representative than LBP by extracting more information from an image. Second, the CLBP features of scalable block size of an image has an adaptive capability in representing both gross and detailed features of an image and thus it is suitable for image texture classification. This paper successfully implements a machine learning scheme by applying the CLBP features of a scalable size to the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed scheme has been evaluated on Outex and CUReT databases, and the evaluation result shows that the proposed approach achieves an improved recognition rate compared to the previous research results.


Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger were used in the production of soya source.In the late fermentation stage,the Pediococcus halophilus and hypertonic yeast were employed to improve the flavor of soya source.The results showed that the optimal duration of cultivation was 36-40 hours;the optimal temperature for fermentation was 45-48℃;the ratio of Aspergillus oryzae to Aspergillus niger were 90%∶10%,which increased 13.2% of total nitrogen utilization and 6.8% of amino acid production.The mature koji was mixed with 10% salt solution in pH value 6.5,where adding the Pediococcus halophilus and hypertonic yeast enhanced the content of alcohols and acid contents,which further improved the flavor.


The reservoir of Shuangyang formation in Moliqing basin has potential reservoir sensibility, because the unstable compositions in rock are high, the main cements are clay minerals and carbonate with stronger sensibility ,because of most pore textures with mid-pore and fine-throat, because of high amounts of paraffinand asphalt, and because of low mineral degree of formation water. Shown by analysis, the main factors causing the reservoir sensibility in this area are clay minerals and carbonate. Associated with sensibility experiments, it is proved that the main reservoir sensibility in this area are mid-high water-sensibility, salt sensibility and mid-alkali sensibility. The acid-sensibility is not clear in the slope belt of the depression basin, but is stronger in the belt of control fault. In order to protect reservoir efficientlyand improve the benefit of oil-gas exploration and development in Moliqing basin, the author suggests that people should pay attention to prevent expand of clay minerals and to controlthe pH value and salinityof the inflow fluid during the works such as drilling,acidification,and so on.


This paper proposes a digital watermark and encryption algorithm applied to the combination of P2P collaborative work of the algorithm is no center for P2P,it is not possible to provide storage space to store the authentication code of the defects,the use of digital watermarking can be authentication information to be embedded into the original message,do not have the characteristics of storage space so that more stringent authentication process.


Abstract : This report deals with the Communist Party in China and its battle against right-wing elements and revisionists during 1950's.


The invention discloses an acrylate-containing elastic emulsion, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.5 to 2.5 parts of emulsifier, 30 to 45 parts of acrylate, 1 to 5 parts of hydrophilic monomer, 0.5 to 3 parts of cross-linking monomer, 0.01 to 15 parts of vinyl monomer, 0.1 to 1 part of internal cross-linking accelerant, 0.2 to 0.4 parts of initiator and 35 to 50 parts of water. The elastic emulsion can be easily wiped away from a screen mesh by a wet cloth, and also can be completely washed by water, thereby improving the mesh-antifouling performance of a binder and the cleaning performance of the screen mesh. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a method for preparing the acrylate-containing elastic emulsion, and the method has the advantages of environmental protection and low cost. In addition, the invention discloses a compounded printing binder prepared from the acrylate-containing elastic emulsion, and the prepared binder has the advantages of no mesh fouling, easy mesh washing, clear mesh dot, good elasticity, softness, drying, and excellent color fastness to rubbing and washing fastness, meets various environmental protection indexes, andadapts to various printings by manual bedplates, circular screen machines, and flat screen machines.


Air index induced focal plane movements of optical systems can be avoided by suitable optical design. The design theory for `thin' optical systems and a paraxial approach for arbitrary systems are presented. Applications are e.g. test optics for space applications.


The unsteady characteristics and mechanisms of the front stagnation point oscillation for the flow around a square cylinder are investigated with the two-dimensional time-resolved particle image velocimetry technique in the range of 1420 {less than or equal to} Re {less than or equal to} 8600. The front stagnation point oscillates with the frequency equal to the wake vortex-shedding frequency. The Reynolds number has no effect on the amplitude and the dimensionless frequency of the front stagnation point. It is revealed that the front stagnation point moves from the centerline to one side when the wake vortex from the opposite side is forming and moving towards the centerline. This growing wake vortex stays attached to the rear surface of square cylinder. After the wake vortex is detached from the rear surface, the front stagnation moves from the maximum displacement back towards the centerline. Furthermore, the quantitative correspondence between the location of front stagnation point and the wake pattern are revealed via time-lag correlation. The movement of the front stagnation point and the variation of typical proper orthogonal decomposition coefficient of the wake are nearly opposite in phase.


On December 11, 1988, the New York City Transit Authority opened the Archer Avenue Rapid Transit Line in Jamaica, Queens. Along with this subway extension, bus routes from Southeastern Queens were rerouted to serve the new rapid transit line. The planning process and ultimate bus service plan for Archer Avenue are described. Elements of the marketing effort are presented, and the actual operation of the bus routes in the first 6 months following the change is analyzed. The conclusions address factors that either contributed to, or detracted from, the overall success of this project. Negative factors included legal issues with the Jamaica Chamber of Commerce and delays in construction of the bus canopy at Archer Avenue. Factors contributing to the success of the project were innovations in providing limited-stop bus service in the Merrick Boulevard corridor, establishment of convenient intermodal transfer facilities, and aggressive marketing of service changes.


Pterin−copper ion interactions are of interest for possible modeling of enzyme active site chemistry or in coupling reactions of a redox-active metal ion with a redox-active ligand cofactor, Here, we describe the synthesis of derivatized chelating pterins, provided with enhanced organic solubility by introduction of a pivalolyl group at the pterin C2 position and supplied with a good copper ion chelator, through reaction of the 6-(bromomethyl)pterin with a 2-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)pyridine (to give L') or bis(2-pyrid-2-ylethyl)amine (to give L). Copper(I) and copper(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The X-ray structure of [L'Cu(Cl)(CH3CN)](PF6) (3-PF6) is described [space group P21/c; a = 10.606(3) A, b = 21.683(3) A, c = 12.188(3) A; β = 96.67(2)°; Z = 4; V = 2784(1) A3] and compared with the previously reported structure of [LCu(Cl)](PF6)(NaPF6) (1-PF6·NaPF6). In 3-PF6, the Cu(II) is pentacoordinate, including equatorial ligation to the pterin N5 atom, achieving one of the goals of t...


The great traditions coming from the ancient wisdom keep inside themselves a collection of myths, legends, tales, and fables whose hero is the mountain. A set of geographical factors, also and historical religious, mystics, mythological, literary, psychological, cultural, symbolical… come together on the mountain. In most of the peoples of the Earth, we find sacred and mythical: Mount Sinai, Kailâsa, Meru, Fuji Yama, Kuen-luen, Olympus, Parnassus, and so on.


Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) has traditionally been associated with platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction of the microcirculation. A variety of inflammatory states such as aging and obesity are associated with increased circulating levels of TxA2. Our laboratory has recently shown that TxA2 can cause an increase in the magnitude and frequency of intracellular calcium transients in cardiac myocytes and significantly alters ventricular force generation. Because of the physiological cross‐talk between cardiac and skeletal muscles, we sought to elucidate the effects of TxA2 on skeletal muscle contractility. Ex‐vivo, slow‐twitch soleus (Sol) muscles from adult mice were contracted using both twitch (1 Hz) and titanic (40 Hz) stimulations. Following equilibration, Sol muscles were incubated in the presence of 10 µM U46619 (a known TxA2 mimetic). Muscle twitches showed a significant rise in baseline and a corresponding decline in peak twitch height following U46619 administration; however, muscles tested under tetanic stimulation showed an increase in force production following U46619. These data suggest TxA2 is an important modulator of skeletal muscle force production and may play a role in altering calcium handling in skeletal muscle. These findings may lead to a better understanding of altered muscle function during inflammatory disease states and fatigue‐related myopathies.


During Leg 175, color reflectance was routinely measured downcore at all sites (1075–1087). These measurements allow determ tion of the light reflectance from the sediment surface in the visi wavelength band (see "Explanatory Notes" chapter, this volum Previous studies have shown that the ratio between reflectance va of the red and blue wavelengths is closely related to diagenetic re conditions in the sediment, reflected in the presence of iron oxy droxides or sulfides (Mix et al., 1992; Schneider et al., 1995). Refl tance data can be a suitable proxy for reconstructing high-resolu changes in carbonate sedimentation (see Curry, Shackleton, Ric et al., 1994). Leg 175 drilled a north–south transect along the southwest A can margin (5°S to 31°S, 10°E). The sediments consist of differen lithologies, ranging from carbonate-poor sediments with varyi amounts of biosiliceous and terrigeneous material in the north to bonate-rich sediments at the southernmost sites (see Wefer e Chap. 16, this volume). This chapter briefly summarizes the regio and stratigraphic patterns in color reflectance of sediments recov during Leg 175. First, we show the relationship between litholo and color reflectance and, second, how stratigraphic changes in color data can be used to obtain clues to climate forcing in the dif ent sedimentary environments drilled during Leg 175.


Social psychologists studying intergroup relations acknowledge the importance of social context but remain strongly focused on the individual in both theoretical and methodological respects. The present study tries to go beyond this 'individualistic' perspective by using multilevel analysis to address the effects of both individual and contextual variables and their interactions. Ethnic group evaluations among Dutch and Turkish children (10–13 years of age) were examined. First, the results showed that intergroup evaluations are determined not only by characteristics of the child but also by the context in which the child is situated. Second, contextual variables not only affected ingroup favouritism directly but also moderated the relationship between identification and ingroup favouritism. Third, children in classes in which the teacher pays attention to ethnic discrimination and cultural differences indicated less ingroup favouritism. Furthermore, relative group size did not affect ingroup favouritism directly, rather it was found that only children who constituted a numerical minority revealed a positive association between identification and ingroup favouritism. Additionally, at the individual level ingroup favouritism was explained by identification, the perception of the teacher's reaction to ethnic harassment among classmates and subject ethnicity. It is concluded that a multi-level approach can make a contribution to the existing literature on intergroup evaluation and towards a more contextual social psychology. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The optimum analytical method of aldehydes, ozone by-products, was established by reverse phase liquid chromatography. Six aldehydes including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propionaldehyde, butylaldehyde and benzaldehyde, and one ketone including acetone were selected as aldehyde test samples through preliminary experiments. Such analytical conditions as the pH of citrate buffer solution, reaction temperature, reaction time, and concentration of DNPH, the component and composition of desorption solvent were optimized. As the result, pH 3.0 of citrate buffer solution, 40 of reaction temperature, 15 minutes of reaction time, and 0.012% of DNPH concentration were chosen as optimum conditions. Aldehydes-DNPH derivatives in water were concentrated on Sep-Pak cartridge and followed by elution of their derivatives fraction with THF/ACN(70/30) mixture, and showed recoveries of the range from 87 to 107%. Separation condition on Nova-Pak column with low pressure gradient elution from ACN/MeOH/water(30/10/60) of an initial condition to 80% ACN of a final condition was found to give a good resolution within 20 minutes of run time. 86% to 103% of recovery for aldehydes using this method was similar to that for aldehyde using EPA Method 554 which is ranged from 84% to 103%.


Introduction Epidemic chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu) occurs among sugar cane workers, notably cane cutters doing heavy manual work in hot tropical environments in Mesoamerica. Repetitive dehydration consequent on strenuous work in heat is posited as the cause. A Nicaraguan cohort study showed remarkable kidney function decreases across six weeks of the cane cutting season consistent with the dehydration hypothesis. This Nicaraguan study was replicated on a sugar plantation in South Africa about 3 500 kms from the equator and cooler than previous study locations to examine whether less extreme ambient conditions resulted in reduced kidney stress. Methods 38 cane cutters and 36 referents of similar socio-economic status but doing less strenuous work on the same plantations provided pre- and post-shift blood and urine samples for measures of kidney function and hydration on Day 1 and Week 9 of the cutting season. Frozen specimens were transported to a chemical pathology laboratory in Johannesburg for analysis. Parameters measured included cystatin C, eGFR (derived from cystatin C), serum creatinine, serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), serum uric acid and osmolality. Results Minimum and maximum temperatures were 20.9 and 26.5o C on Day 1 and 13.6 and 26.6 o C on Week 9. There were clinically modest, albeit statistically significant, increases in mean cystatin C pre-shift values between Day 1 and Week 9 in the cane cutters: 0.847 to 1.011 mg/L (p=0.00) which means a considerable decline in eGFR. Other results were not consistent among the various markers of effect on the kidneys. The magnitude of the increase in cystatin C among referents was similar to the cutters: 0.771 to 0.904 mg/L. Conclusions Kidney function markers seemed to be much less affected in the cooler study location than in the hotter one.


Problem-based learning experiences give technology students a chance to construct their own knowledge base and implement it in an actual application. Some students excel when given this freedom, while others flounder and fail. One reason students struggle is they are accustomed to procedural labs and small-scale analysis problems. They lack experience in applying technical knowledge to open-ended problems. This paper presents the instructional, hardware, and software designs for a ten-week senior level control and data acquisition project that transitions students from small-scale procedural laboratory experiments and individual design tasks to multi-task projects that require coordinated design efforts. The instructional design simulates a business environment where a design team must divide work, complete individual tasks, and integrate separate subsystems to successfully complete a project. To promote the importance of clear written technical communication in a business setting, students report their progress and results in memo form. They then utilize the results of other design team members to produce final technical reports covering the entire project design. This technique uses both instructor and peer evaluations to assess student performance. Based on eight years of student participation, this paper presents the strengths weaknesses of the instructional design.


Integer wavelet transform (IWT) and IWT-based image coding offer many advantages over traditional wavelet. But coefficient magnitudes of the IWT-image have smaller dynamic change value and worse energy compaction than the first generation wavelet. Those reduce efficiency of IWT-based coding. In this paper, we present a new still image coder based on multiple subbands decomposition and IWT (integer wavelet transform). These high frequency subbands with the higher entropy can be decomposed secondly. Experimental results show that the lossy performance of the new coder is quite competitive with other efficient lossy compression methods.


The parallel velocity distribution function of the weakly relativistic electron beam of a quasi‐optical gyrotron has been determined by measuring the Doppler‐shifted Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) at an angle θ=15° with respect to the external magnetic dc‐field. Due to the Doppler shift, the frequency of the spontaneous cyclotron emission at the fundamental (ν0=100 GHz) is upshifted to 140 GHz. A broadening of the spectrum up to 10 GHz [full width at half maximium (FWHM)] was measured. The measured mean frequency agrees well with the theoretical predictions, but the observed line‐width, and hence the parallel velocity distribution function, is 2–3 times larger than expected. Considerations on ECE‐measurements of the electron beam energy spread, performed at larger angles θ, are also discussed.


One of the most conspicuous features of the "dol" net fishery along the Maharashtra coast is the enormous abundance of the small marine palaemonid, Nematopalaemon tenuipes. The only other maritime state where the species supports a commercial fishery is Gujarat (Banerji 1966). It is largely a marine species capable of penetrating estuarine areas, from where it is often commercially exploited, as in the case of the Godavary estuary (Ganapati and Subrahmanyam 1966) and the Sunderbans (Kunju 1956, Rajyalakshmi 1966). The species was formerly known as Leander tenuipes {vide Holthuis 1950 for synonymy and Kemp 1917 for identification keys of the different species of the genus


Anthocyanin formation is stimulated in the leaves of some plants when the leaves are detached and floated on water or on sucrose solutions and exposed to light (e.g. Eberhardt 1954; Creasy, Maxie, and Chichester 1965). The synthesis of other flavonoids, e.g. flavans, can be increased under these conditions (Creasy and Swain 1966).


We characterize compact metric spaces whose locally flat Lipschitz functions separate points uniformly as exactly those that are purely 1-unrectifiable, resolving a problem of Weaver. We subsequently use this geometric characterization to answer several questions in Lipschitz analysis. Notably, it follows that the Lipschitz-free space F(M) over a compact metric space M is a dual space if and only if M is purely 1-unrectifiable. Furthermore, we establish a compact determinacy principle for the Radon-Nikodým property (RNP) and deduce that, for any complete metric space M , pure 1unrectifiability is actually equivalent to some well-known Banach space properties of F(M) such as the RNP and the Schur property. A direct consequence is that any complete, purely 1-unrectifiable metric space isometrically embeds into a Banach space with the RNP. Finally, we provide a possible solution to a problem of Whitney by finding a rectifiability-based description of 1-critical compact metric spaces, and we use this description to prove the following: a bounded turning tree fails to be 1-critical if and only if each of its subarcs has σ-finite Hausdorff 1-measure.


This paper reports the synthesis and the study of a few new diastereomeric arylmethylcycloalkylamines, tested as potential dopamine receptor active agents. New procedures for the stereospecific synthesis of the arylmethylcycloalkylamines were successfully experimented. All the considered compounds did not show any appreciable dopamine receptor activity.


Acute renal failure occurred in five patients during cephalothin sodium therapy. Two of the patients had rashes and two had eosinophilia, but none had fever correlated with cephalothin therapy. The lack of other apparent causes and the temporal relation of the renal insufficiency with the initiation and later withdrawal of the drug suggest cephalothin as the cause. The pathogenesis is not certain. Renal tissue was available in only one case, and that tissue was 60 days remote from the cephalothin therapy. A chronic, nonspecific interstitial nephritis was present. ( JAMA 229:679-682, 1974)


A method and apparatus for testing vehicular shock absorbers in situ upon a vehicle having a sprung portion and supporting wheels, the apparatus comprising a support structure, elevating means on the structure engageable with one supporting wheel of a vehicle and adapted to exert an upwardly directed force thereagainst and thereby raise the wheel and that portion of the vehicle supported thereby from a relatively non-elevated position to a relatively elevated position, means for permitting the elevated wheel and portion of the vehicle supported thereon to fall from the elevated position to the non-elevated position and means for sensing the velocity and/or acceleration of one of the portions of the vehicle with respect to some preselected reference surface during the fall thereof and thereby determine the rebound and compression characteristics of the associated shock absorber.


Objective To investigate the feasibility and significance of web-based problem-based learning(PBL) teaching in surgery.Methods The web-based PBL teaching was applied in the bilingual class students majoring in clinical medicine at grade 2007 in some sections of surgery,and traditional teaching was applied in the bilingual class students in other sections of surgery.The effect of different methods was analyzed by questionnaire and examination marks.Results Web-based PBL was advantage in development of self-directed learning,clinical thought,team cooperation,application of knowledge,and problem-solving skills.There was no difference between two teaching methods in the degree of master of knowledge in bilingual class.Conclusions Web-based PBL is a feasible and efficient teaching method in surgery.It is not only beneficial to the students' ability to learn actively,to integrate theory with practice and to cultivate favorable clinical thinking and creative thinking,but also helpful to the cultivation of lifelong learning ability to improve the students' overall quality.It could solve the question that can not approach the traditional PBL because of inadequate for education source.

Key words:
Web-based PBL; Teaching method; Surgery; Application


During a five-year period, 181 diabetic patients were treated with chlorpropamide at an average dose of 240 mg per day. The cephalin flocculation test (Hanger), serum glutamic oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases (SGOT, SGPT), alkaline phosphatase, chemical gamma globulin, serum electrophoretic patterns, leukocyte counts, differential smears, hemoglobin level estimations, complete urinalyses, and blood glucose determinations were used at stipulated intervals to evaluate drug response. Liver function remained normal throughout, except for the cephalin flocculation test which indicated a high incidence of positivity among comparative groups of patients treated with diet alone, insulin treated patients, and an unusually high incidence of positivity among chlorpropamide treated patients. No significant elevations of SGOT, SGPT, or alkaline phosphatase determinations were noted.


Today, in the medical field, innovative technological advancements support healthcare systems and improve patients' lives 4D printing is one of the innovative technologies that creates notable innovations in the medical field For the COVID-19 pandemic, this technology proves to be useful in the manufacturing of smart medical parts, which helps treat infected patients As compared to 3D printing, 4D printing adds time as an additional element in the manufactured part 4D printing uses smart materials with the same printing processes as being used in 3D printing technology, but here the part printed with smart materials change their shape with time or by the change of environmental temperature, which further creates innovation for patient treatments 4D printing manufactures a given part, layer by layer, by taking input of a virtual (CAD) model and uses smart material This paper studies the capability of smart materials and their advancements when used in 4D printing We have diagrammatically presented the significant parts of 4D printing technology This paper identifies 11 significant applications of 4D printing and then studies which one provides innovative solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic


The objective of this study is to show the potential of the dynamic powder compaction technique to consolidate rapidly solidified Path A alloys and to develop microstructures with improved irradiation performance in the fusion environment. Samples of rapidly solidified and dynamically compacted Path A alloy with increased carbon and titanium content have been included in alloy development irradiation experiments.


In the transmit signal path of a cellular terminal that supports the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard, the third-order counter-intermodulation (CIM3) product can be a significant contributor to spurious emissions in protected bands, primarily in cases where all the transmit power is concentrated in one resource block at the edge of the allocated bandwidth. This problem can be addressed with a harmonic rejection architecture for the up-conversion mixer in the transceiver. Prior work in this area retains the four-phase baseband inputs of a conventional quadrature mixer, utilizes various techniques in the local oscillator (LO) path involving overlapping LO waveforms to suppress harmonics and requires the digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) to be operated at two or more times the LO frequency. The harmonic rejection architecture presented in this paper has six baseband phases and six non-overlapping LO phases and, for higher-frequency bands, allows the DCO to run at 1.5 times the LO frequency. It also provides an inherently higher uncalibrated image rejection than architectures with quadrature baseband inputs, which is advantageous for any wireless communication standard that supports higher-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes such as 1024-QAM and 4096-QAM.


opinion (doxa) or belief. Despite sound reasoning from an acceptable premise, misunderstanding can arise leading to conclusion that is against sense and logically inacceptable. However, a paradox can sometimes appear as a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory proposition which, when investigated or explained, may prove to be well-founded or true. I will try to clear up some paradoxes hidden away in the minefield related to the role of Belgian Surgery in Disaster Situations.


The paper substantiates the choice of the discursive and situational-contextual approaches as the most effective ways of forming the professional and discursive competences of an interpreter. The aim of the study is to identify the potential of an interpreters' club as a quasi-real situation in the process of forming the professional and discursive competences of interpreters, as well as their readiness for professional activity. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of educational, quasi-professional and educational-professional situations of interpreting in terms of modelling the extralinguistic context of the discourse of mediated professional communication, describes the results of a survey of the students who took part in the club meetings as interpreters. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the component composition of the extralinguistic context of a quasi-professional situation of interpreting and determining the role of the interpreters' club for forming, improving and monitoring the level of the professional and discursive competences of future interpreters. As a result, a methodology for conducting the interpreters' club meetings was developed, a questionnaire for assessing the role of the club as a form of monitoring the development of the professional and discursive competences of future interpreters was worked out, the survey results of the students who participated in the club meetings as interpreters were described and the criteria for assessing the quality of interpretation were determined.


Deep brain stimulation ( DBS ) is a well (cid:514) established surgical treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) who show on / off motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, and / or tremor. DBS therapy has been widely administered over the past two decades, and the advantages and disadvantages of this therapeutic approach have been revealed. Although various studies have proved the efficacy of DBS, advances in this therapeutic modality and a multidisciplinary clinical approach are essential for further improve-ments in the clinical outcomes of this treatment. Lately, various DBS devices including directional leads, as well as a pulse generator that senses real (cid:514) time neurophysiological activities through the intracranial lead have become available in Japan. These novel technologies have refined the treatment paradigm ; however, an increase in stimulation parameters and greater complexity of programming necessitate further develop-ment of clinical knowledge. While adjustability and reversibility are acknowledged as advantages of DBS therapy, studies have reported that DBS surgery has failed to show the expected efficacy secondary to complications including hardware infection and intracranial lead misplacement in some cases. Notably, the advantage of conventional radiofrequency lesioning has been reconsidered as an effective treatment option, following the advent of thermoablation therapy using magnetic resonance imaging (cid:514) guided focused ultra-sound system. These treatment modalities have led to complexity in the treatment of PD. Among the various surgical treatment options currently available, standardized surgical procedures performed by well (cid:514) trained neurosurgeons are necessary to select DBS as the first (cid:514) line procedure for patients with PD.


Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a causative agent of COVID-19 The perilous pandemic caused by 2019-nCoV erupted in late 2019 in China has blanketed the whole world and continues to do so The incidence of the disease, its morbidity, and mortality is high Strategic planning to contain a virus, fast track research for prophylactics and therapeutics are underway Food is one of the components of complementary and alternative medicine of the cultures all over the world Routine diet and its management which is an easily manageable affair will also play crucial to improve an individual's resistance to infection In recent years alkaline diet has secured a large number of proponents and gained popularity among the scientific community as well Its significance for the treatment of many non-communicable diseases has been recognized The diet or food component whose net potential renal acid load (PRAL) is low is defined as an alkaline diet We hypothesize that the alkaline diet could significantly boost an individual's physiological resistance and immunity against 2019-nCoV by targeting endosomal pH which plays an important role in viral pathogenesis Hydroxychloroquine, a therapeutic drug that is being used at present for COVID-19 treatment also targets endosomal pH to viral prevent infection In the present article, we have discussed the significance of diet in traditional medicine, pH homeostasis, the role of pH in 2019-nCoV pathogenesis and the possibilities of how the alkaline diet could interfere with the initial stages of infection Clinical evidences of the use of the alkaline diet for the treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases have been reviewed Further, technical details of the alkaline diet, its correlation to Ayurvedic dietetics have been discussed Though the current article emphasizes the management of the COVID-19 in the light of pandemic, the approach holds grounds for the other respiratory tract viral pathogens too whose pathogenesis is similar to 2019-nCoV Future experimental studies to establish such correlation are warranted Adopting the food which has low dietary acid load (alkaline diet) will aid in boosting the physiological resistance resulting in improved health conditions to fight against 2019-nCoV


Fault diagnosis of transformer is not only ageneral problem but also aspecific problem. A new method of the fault prewarning of power transformer-- support vector data description is proposed. This method can set up one-class classifier only by using normal condition data instead of fault condition data. Transformer condition can be monitored and fault can be found in time. The test shows that this method has higher precision of classification and higher computing efficiency.


Using object-oriented programming language, data-processing software for thermodynamic test of boilers based on windows 95/98 has been developed. The structure profile of the said software are presented, and methods for resolving three key problems, namely the calculation of physical property values of water and steam, the automatic formation of thermodynamic test report for boilers, and the storage of thermodynamic test data in data-base form, are discussed.


The rupture process of the 2018 Mw 7.9 offshore Kodiak (Alaska) earthquake is still in hot dispute because of a lack of offshore observations, thus causing difficulties for understanding seismogenic tectonics and tsunami hazards. In this study, teleseismic body waves, high‐rate GPS, seismic waves preceding tsunami waves, static GPS, and tsunami data are jointly used to resolve the faulting geometry and coseismic slip distribution of the offshore Kodiak earthquake. Tests of a series of finite fault rupture models illustrate that an optimal five‐fault model can reconcile all available data sets well. The results reveal that the asperity on each fault segment is located near the hypocenter, with peak slip of ~7.8 m. The aftershock loci appear to be complementary to the mainshock slips, demonstrating the velocity‐strengthening regions that predominantly slip aseismically. Based on a tectonic stress field analysis, we propose that the 2018 Kodiak earthquake is attributed to a combination of enhanced tensional stress following the 1964 Mw 9.2 Alaska earthquake and compressional stress produced by the collision of the Yakutat terrane with North America.


The object of this paper is to publish an utopian project, for expanding the horizontal space of Times Square to a near primordial state, by visually bringing together sky and earth, as it would have been before architectural constructions occupied the space. Considering the multiplicity of contemporary architectures, including global and regional architectures, it strikes me how today's build space deal with the contemporary production of images permanently integrated in architectural spaces 1. Exceptions made for some rare cases on the production of images to be permanently embedded in architectural spaces 2, there is an absence 1Frescos, mosaic, tile panels, etc. 2The tile panels of the Lisbon's' subway stations, the frescos by Rivera, etc. 2 João António de Almeida Mota on the contemporary uses of images that have a scale and an osmosis with the space's matter that make them in fact, within architectural environments. In this paper I propose to balance the qualities of images, materials and site, to produce a series of commentaries about the dwelling in a site called Times Square.


The problem of intellectual property protection has become one of the main obstacles of the development of service outsourcing industry in China.Based on expounding the type and function of service outsourcing,the paper analyzed the main problems of intellectual property protection in service outsourcing in China.At last,the paper brought forward corresponding countermeasures for strengthening intellectual property protection in service outsourcing.


This paper considers point to point transmission selective channel. This direct link is helped thanks to the relay. over frequency selective channels by means of OFDM (orthogonal All channels are supposed to be frequency selective and, in frequency division multiplexing), and enhanced by means of a order to cope with that, OFDM modulation with proper cyclic decode-and-forward (DAF) relay. Assuming that perfect channel extension is used. All communications on all links are assumed state information is available at the transmission side, this paper te don wt AllL an.mdntcal n of subcareiass intends to solve the problems of power and bit allocation for to be done with a fixed and identical number of subcarriers. goodput maximization. A greedy approach is proposed where The relay is also supposed to be much closer to the source the number of bits to be allocated is increased one at a time till than to the destination. Therefore the link budget is such a maximum value of the goodput is reached. The performance that DAF is relevant. The relaying protocol is made of two of the algorithm is illustrated with simulations, and compared with uniform power allocation and waterfilling approaches. signaling periods. During the first one, both the relay and the destination receive the information sent by the source.