This paper discusses the importance of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and strategies to guide the implementation of QFD in the context of Ethiopian industrial sector. Studies on the comparative advantages, preconditions, and contextual factors of implementing QFD revealed that firms comparatively improved quality of products, minimized costs, and shortened product development time as the result of introduction of the QFD to their system of operation. Studies in the context of Ethiopia also revealed that QFD has not been well introduced to the Ethiopian industries; as the result, they are incapable of competing with other industries in the local and global markets, and have faced problems related to cost and quality of products. Therefore, this paper argues that QFD knowledge transfer to developing countries, in general, and to Ethiopian industries, in particular, yields advantages to alleviate the problems related to cost and quality. Preconditions such as top management support, provision of resources, establishment of multidiscipline team, and adequate knowledge of QFD are essential for effective implementation of QFD. Ethiopia has made efforts for transferring of several initiatives such as the Kaizen and Business Process Reengineering (BPR) to the industries. Consecutively, this can help as a grassroots to implement other tools such as QFD. Having studied the existing technology transfer practices and made a SWOT analysis, the paper proposes a QFD knowledge transfer framework and implementation procedure which can be used as helpful input by the industries, practitioners, and researchers.


The decay of initially three-dimensional homogeneous turbulence in a rotating frame is experimentally investigated. Turbulence is generated by rapidly towing a grid in a rotating water tank, and the velocity field in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis is measured by means of particle image velocimetry. During the decay, strong cyclonic coherent vortices emerge, as the result of enhanced stretching of the cyclonic vorticity by the background rotation, and the selective instability of the anticyclonic vorticity by the Coriolis force. This asymmetry towards cyclonic vorticity grows on a time scale Ω−1 (Ω is the rotation rate), until the friction from the Ekman layers becomes dominant. The energy spectrum perpendicular to the rotation axis becomes steeper as the instantaneous Rossby number Roω=ω′∕2Ω decreases below the value 2±0.5 (ω′ is the root-mean square of the vertical vorticity). The spectral exponent increases in time from its classical Kolmogorov value 5∕3 up to values larger than 2. Below the...


The purpose of the present study is to investigation the potential toxic effects of deltamethrin and profenofos (1/10 and 1/20 of LD50) that have different active ingredient on blood picture and ultrastructure changes on cell's contents of liver and Kidney as tools in study the toxic effects on albino rats. Obtained data indicated that deltamethrin and profenofos at 1/10 and 1/20 of LD50 caused increase in WBC's count after nine months. While the two formulations caused significant decrease in RBC's count after same time , similar effects were noticed on Hemoglobin value , and platelets count of treated rat. No sharp variations were noticed between different two formulations and different doses in cellular organelles in liver cells treated rats. The results so far obtained indicated histo-and cytopathological alteration by electron microscope due to the effect of compounds when compared with control ones, some sections poorly differentiated hepatocellular showing marked polymorphis of the nuclei, irregularity of the chromatin and prominent nucleoli in treated rats with deltamethrin when compared with control. Also, in treated with profenofos showed numbers of nuclei and their content in different section by many powers of vision, results show differences and all treatments induce genotoxicity. Kidney sections of different pesticides revealed many phases of degeneration changes when compared with those of control. Electron microscope appeared differentiated cells containing a cytoplasmic indentation or inclusion filled with brush border material and showed also, that cytoplasm is filled with prominent granular, endoplasmic reticulum containing some dense flocculam materials. Also, electron micrograph appeared differentiated in nuclei and changed in their content such as nucleolus, and chromosomes (chromatid and centromere) so, from the dose applied during nine months results conclude that all tested pesticides show genotoxicity in treated animals.


Abstract A method was developed to determine amounts of lectin in peanut and soybean seeds. Both types of seeds contained active lectins in amounts ranging from 144.7 to 112.2 μg/g defatted meal for peanut and soybean seed, respectively. Lectins were inactivated by heat; moist heat was more effective than dry heat. Roasted peanuts seeds (177 C for 30 min) and boiled peanuts (5% saline solution for 1 hr) were devoid of active lectin.


The utility model relates to a multifunctional bottle opener, including the bottle -opener body, be equipped with the big or small recess of a bottle lid on the outer wall at bottle -opener body middle part, be equipped with a plurality of arch on the inner wall of recess, the left end of bottle -opener body is equipped with a fork, the right part of bottle -opener body is equipped with a bottle lid and opens the mouth, the right -hand member of bottle -opener body is equipped with a couple, be equipped with anti -skidding screw thread on the outer wall of bottle -opener body. The utility model discloses have multiple functions, can open beverage bottle lid and beer bottle lid to be equipped with the fork, provide splendid convenience for the user.


The method of the ultrasonic spraying pyrolysis (USP) synthesized submicronic ceramic powders of structure of ZrO2+12 mol.%CeO2 intended for the subsequent manufacture on their basis of ceramic implants in an orthopedic stomatology. It is shown that (URP) allows to receive microspherical powders of zirconium-cerium ceramics, the multiparticle agglomerates having narrow dispersion and not forming in itself difficult the separable. The exemplars baked from new aerosol powders on the level of mechanical characteristics are close similar to characteristics for the ceramics manufactured of ultradispersed powders.


Abstract We herein report the results of our investigation into the modes of catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) of liquid fuels and air mixtures to yield endothermic (endo) gas on a pilot-scale installation containing ~ 0.45 cm3 catalytic bed. This endothermic gas serves as a protective atmosphere in thermochemical steel treatment processes. Seven liquid hydrocarbons (LHs) are investigated, namely isooctane, 91 RON (research octane number) and 95 RON gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, and naphtha. All experiments are performed using our previously developed reactor, where the reactions of natural gas/air mixtures were previously studied. In the present study, we report that the LH conversion products reached an equilibrium state similar to that of methane and natural gas conversion with an atomic C/O ratio of ~ 1.0 in the mixture. Furthermore, working regimes between 850 and 950 °C are examined as typical reaction conditions for industrial endo gas generators, and in all cases, the required gas quality is achieved. However, we found that gasoline and diesel are the most suitable LH feedstock for endo gas generation.


A clean and wet chemical method, employing sodium tellurite (Na2TeO3) as a source of tellurium and iron (II) as a reducing agent, has been developed for the generation of tellurium nanoparticles. The method can produce tellurium nanoparticles in the size ranging from 25-80 nm at room temperature. The procedure is simple, convenient, rapid and involves the use of inexpensive and highly pure reagents and the products of which can easily be washed away from the nanoparticles of tellurium in aqueous environment. The method consists in dissolving the above tellurium salt in about 9 10M phosphoric acid, 1M hydrochloric acid medium and slowly adding two fold excess of iron (II) solution [that required for the reduction of tellurium (IV) ] to the above acid mixture. The reaction process involves the reduction of tellurium (IV) present in the salt (Na2TeO3) by iron (II) to elemental tellurium. The phosphoric acid present in the reaction medium enhances the reducing ability of iron (II) while the chloride ion acts as a catalyst. The as synthesized nanoparticles of tellurium have been separated from the liquid phase and dried at 40C and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) , Energy Dispersive XRay (EDS) , Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) techniques. These studies indicated the formation of hexagonal structure of trigoal tellurium and the possible growth mechanism of the particles has been elucidated. In the liquid phase, however, the size of the particles has been assessed by Dynamic Light Scattering Particle Size Analyzer (DLS) .


Key technologies for the τ-Vmin mode FLCDs (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays) were developed. An FLC material with negative dielectric anisotropy was developed, realizing fast line address time of 23μmicro;sec/line at 25 ̊C. The C2-uniform (C2U) orientation with chevron layer structure was achieved by using an aligning film with medium pretilt angle. High shock stability (20kg/cm) was achieved by making a spacer wall structure within display. Combining these key technologies with digital gray scale method (2 bits spatial dither and 3 bits temporal dither), a 6"prototype color FLCD with 240x320 dots, 262,000 colors (64 gray levels for each color) was fabricated.


A wavelength conversion layer comprising a photon emission donor configured to absorb energy to reach an excited state and a photon emission acceptor; There is provided an illumination device comprising an energy source configured to provide energy to a donor such that the donor reaches an excited state, wherein the donor and acceptor are selected such that non-radiative transfer of excitation energy from the donor to the acceptor occurs, And the acceptor is configured to emit a photon of a second wavelength after the transfer of energy; The illumination device further comprises a periodic plasmon antenna array arranged on the substrate, the periodic plasmon antenna array being embedded in the wavelength conversion layer and comprising a plurality of discrete antenna elements arranged in an antenna array plane, And a first lattice resonance at a second wavelength resulting from a combination of photon modes supported by the system comprising a plasmon antenna array and a wavelength conversion layer, wherein the plasmon antenna array is configured to receive a first lattice resonance from a plasmon antenna array And is configured to include a plasmon resonance mode so that the emitted light has an anisotropic angular distribution.


The gap between the science of acoustics and the art of music narrows as the two disciplines mutually exchange resources and ideas. An application of psychoacoustics is made to the art of music listening and music appreciation. The functional process is treated chronologically as follows: sound production, sound transmission, sound reception, sound perception. Subjective listening is the emotional and physiological response in the hearing process to the acoustic elements of musical sounds. Objective listening is the intellectual evaluation of the acoustic elements of musical sounds. Music appreciation is a result of the synthesis of subjective and objective listening.


Considering seriously the Scriptural teaching, as well as the central significance of the Eucharistic celebration for Christianity, it is possible to have a better understanding about the unworthiness of participation in the Lord's Supper, from a Reformed perspective. A careful approach to Scripture, informed by a sound hermeneutical and exegetical analysis of the biblical texts that discuss the theme, will clarify that all the elect, any time, can and must share the body and blood of Christ at Holy Communion. Jesus instituted the Supper to be inclusive, not exclusive, since the partakers examine themselves and recognize themselves as justified in the Lord by God, and already have complete fellowship with Him and with the holy company of believers.


Abstract Algebraic manipulation of two-dimensional data structures—typical in image processing—requires operations more powerful than those afforded by classical matrix algebra. To this end, hypermatrix algebra provides a compact treatment of multidimensional objects and associated operations. Initially presented as array algebra, it uses a notation derived from tensor analysis. By extending matrix algebra with Kronecker products and matrix representations of shuffle permutations, a duality between the two algebras is shown. This serves as a means of transferring into the domain that is most convenient for a particular type of operation or representation. Hypermatrix algebra can be a powerful design tool for multidimensional massively parallel computing structures. A mathematical foundation for such an algebra is presented in this paper as a supplement to separate application notes.


GE Energy Services, an OEM, currently produce a range of Industrial Gas Turbine (IGT) engines, including models such as the Frame7FA, Frame 7FA+ and Frame 7FA+e engines. All these engines contain first stage nozzle segments cast from FSX-414 cobalt-base superalloy. The chemical composition of FSX-414 is given in Table 55. This alloy is a solid solution strengthened alloy, in contrast to the ' strengthened Ni-based superalloys (such as Inconel 738 and MarM247) considered in earlier chapters. A schematic illustration of a Frame7FA+e first stage nozzle segment with two airfoils is shown in Figure 168.


This study investigates the relationships between users' search tactic selections and search outputs while conducting exploratory searches in digital libraries. Frequencies of different types of search tactics applied in an exploratory search task were counted. Based on correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, we identified types of search tactics that are associated with aspectual recall. Preliminary results indicate that browsing and evaluating item tactics affect aspectual recall in exploratory search tasks.


The existence of (metastable) molecular hydrogen anions H 2 � , D 2 � , and H 3 � is demonstrated. These anion species were produced by sputtering of TiH2 and TiD2 targets with Csions and were identified by accelerator mass spectrometry. From the respective flight times through the spectrometer, lifetimes for H 2 � and D 2 � of at least 3 � s and 4 � s, respectively, can be inferred. Theoretical calculations within the nonlocal resonance model predict the existence of highly rotationally excited anions with lifetimes in the � s range. It is proposed that in sputtering molecular hydrogen species with high rotational and vibrational excitation are formed that are stable on the time scale of the experiment.


The paper distinguishes between the traditional, "external" and strongly hierarchically structured ways to address corruption in the public sector that are based on sanctions and repressive measures, and the "internal", ethicsbased strategies to achieve "soft" corruption control. In the course of the argument the paper briefly discusses the need for a separate professional ethics for public administration in the normative sense (as a separate set of ethical precepts for public servants), and for a sustained ethics counseling that needs to complement such normative ethics so as to make it optimally effective. The argument draws on the experiences of the large corporations and on the relationship between the introduction of ethics in the US and legal provisions that make companies less liable to damages arising from torts if they have instituted ethics guidelines and employed philosophical/ethics counselors on a permanent basis. Further, the paper draws functional parallels between the experiences of the corporate sector in the US and the use of ethics counseling in the public sector across the world, and argues in favour of the need to increasingly complement, and in some cases substitute, external controls for internal ones.


The difference of forming characteristics between the galvanized and dura steel is studied by uniaxial tension test and simulative forming test in this paper.Then the surface morphology under various deformations are analyzed.It is shown that compared with GA steel Dura steel can reduce the coefficient of friction between the interaction of steel and die due to the lubrication of organic film and enhance the homogenization of strain distribution in the stamping process.


This report seeks to determine if virtual or augmented reality is suitable for use in a sensor verification tool. The purpose of the tool is to verify the output of sensors reading surroundings of autonomous cars, as well as the corresponding object detection algorithms. This was done through research and by implementing such a tool with features that could not be evaluated through research. Verification is performed by comparing a reference with the output from the sensors. The resulting tool uses two modes, off-line for desktop verification and on-line for verification during test drives. The off-line mode shows a virtual reality in Oculus Rift where the reference is shown as a point cloud stream produced by a Lidar scanner. The on-line mode mimics augmented reality by having a stereoscopic camera feed in Oculus Rift which acts as the reference. The objects detected by the sensors are shown as color coded cuboids for both off-line and on-line. The tool itself was developed in the game engine Unity. An interesting area of discussion is the simulator sickness, induced by the virtual reality tool. There are a lot of factors affecting simulator sickness, e.g. frame rate, latency, field of view, and how and if the view is changed by other than bodily movements such as head rotations. As long as the simulator sickness is sufficiently suppressed, virtual reality could be beneficial for an off-line verification tool since the user gets a reliable overview of the vehicle's surroundings faster than by using an ordinary monitor. Augmented reality for on-line verification has potential, but the mimicked augmented reality implemented in this report require improvements for real verification purposes.


Background: Malnutrition in human life may adversely affect various aspects of growth at different stages of life. Teeth are particularly sensitive to malnutrition. Malnutrition may affect odontometric measurement involving tooth size dimensions. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of nutrition on teeth size dimension measurements among children aged 5


With the consideration of shipping efficiency and the limited conditions of the Yangtze River, flat and wide ship become the preferred type for River-Sea-Going ship. This kind of structure is adverse to the ship's stiffness under longitudinal bending, transverse bending. And two-stage repeated loading brings to the fatigue assessment of the ship structure new uncertainties, so accurate cumulative fatigue damage is a matter of necessary. Based on the theory of three-dimensional potential flow, the hydrodynamic analysis of River-Sea-Going container ship under specific route is carried out. The hull motion and the load transfer function of each section are obtained. The finite element model is used to calculate the amplitude-frequency response Operator RAOs. The influence of special routes and speed factors are also considered. Based on the frequency domain spectral analysis method combined with the scatter diagram of E1 sea area, the characteristics of wave-induced load are analyzed under 10−7.5 probability level. The stress response spectrum and the short-term distribution of stress range are obtained by combining the structural stress response calculation with the whole ship finite element structure model. The long-term distribution of stress response spectrum and stress range is also obtained. The cumulative fatigue damage of River-Sea-Going container ship under the special route is evaluated by using the S-N curve recommended by the criterion. It can provide the basis for the fatigue assessment of the new type of River-Sea-Going container ship.


The P values in the Results section of the Abstract were incorrect in this article [1]. The following changes should be noted: HIV-infected individuals demonstrated less detectable CMV: PB1⁄4 0.02 instead of P1⁄4 0.04 CMV was more frequently detected in terminal ileum than colon: PB1⁄4 0.05 instead of P1⁄4 0.04 Detectable EBV was more frequent among HIV-infected: PB1⁄4 0.04 instead of P1⁄4 0.05. Presence of CMV was associated with upregulated expression of all selected cytokines in the ileum: all P< 0.02 instead of all P1⁄4 0.02.


Addition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to isolated proximal tubular segments (PTS) has previously been shown to decrease hypoxic cell death without altering AlP concentr#{231}ltions. The study presented here was undertaken to Identity determinant(s) of this protection, and to define the spectrum of injuries against which it can operate. PTS were extracted from mouse kidneys and subjected to diverse forms of injury (hypoxia/reoxygenation, antimycin A, Ca2 ionophore, amphotericin B, FeSO4, and myohemoglobin). In subtoxic doses, addition of PLA2 significantly reduced hypoxicand antimycin A-induced injury (percentage of lactate dehydrogenase release); however, a dose-dependent exacerbation of all other forms of injury resulted. The ability of PLA2 to mitigate hypoxic Injury remained intact despite the inhibition of Na,KATPase (ouabain) or the inducement of cytoskeletal disruption (cytochalasin D). However, it was negated by minimally toxic amphotericin B or Ca2 lonophore doses, indicating its dependence on preserved ionic gradients. Nevertheless, neither lowering/removing buffer Ca2 or NaCI concentrations, nor hypertonic mannitol addition reproduced the cytoprotective effect of PLA2. PLA2 induced synergistic deacylation in hypoxlc tubules, suggesting that unsaturated fattyacid accumulation might mediate its cytoprotective effect. The fact that the addition of exogenous arachidonate, but not palmitate, to tubules protected against hypoxia, but worsened nonhypoxic forms of Injury, supported this hypothesis. Since arachidonate might induce ieedback" inhibition of intracellular PLA2, the ability of an intracellular phospholipase Inhibitor (ONO-RS-082; Blomol, Plymouth, PA) to blunt hypoxic damage was tested. This agent fully reproReceived May 17, 1995. Accepted August 9, 1995. 2Correspondence to Dr. R.A. Zager, Fred Hutchinson cancer Research Center. Room M 621. 1124 Columbia Street, Seattle, WA 98104. 1046-6673/0701.0064$03.0O/0 Journal of the American Society of Nephrology CopyrIghtS 1996 by the American Society of Nephroiogy duced the cytoprotective effect of PLA2. It was concluded that: (1) PLA2-lnduced cytoprotection is relatively specific for AlP depletion injury; (2) it is dependent on, but not explained by, maintenance of NaCI and Ca2 gradients; (3) It does not require Na,K-ATPase activity or cytoskeletal integrity for its expression; and (4) extracellular PLA2, via arachidonate release, may cause feedback inhibition of intracellular PLA2, thereby protecting critical intracellular targets from attack.


The employment of college graduate has become a hot an difficult problem in recent year,and for colleges,great attention should be paid to the employment of needy students.Therefore,it is of great significance for them to finish their study and find a job smoothly to expore the cause of the needy students,their problem base on their statue quo and the methods to guide them in employment.


This essay makes an analysis on"Guran"(固然) sentence from three aspects:distribution,semantic and pragmatic.By the analysis we find:(1)"Guran"is placed behind the subjects of sentences in most occasions and the clause it locates must be placed before the other.(2) According to the meaning and the types of the relating word of the subsequent clause,"Guran"sentences can be divided into two categories: concession-transition and concession-but-no-transition,both of which imply transition although further division can be made.(3)As a concession clause,"Guran"sentence always begins by admitting other's views in the form and then makes modified negation in the subsequent clause and bears solemnity and politeness due to its written style.


The theory to establish a harmonious society,advanced by Marx and Engels,is a basic value orientation to the ideal structure of future society.After reviews the series of Marx and Engels literature,the article tries to make a general analyses to the harmonious society ideology,which consists harmonious between human and nature,harmonious in human beings,harmonious between human and society and only the Communism can turn these ideologies into reality.It is a scientific theoretical basis that these ideologies provide for us,and make programmatic guidance in the great practice of establishing socialism harmonious society in nowadays.


Objective: To see the type and frequency of lymphomas.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Oncology at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from Jan 2019 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Total of 150 patients with histopathological diagnoses of lymphoma of 17 to 71 years of age of either gender were included in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Prior to initiation of study ethics review committee has approved the study (NO.F.2-81-IRB/2019-GENL/10261/JPMC). The data regarding lymphoma type, histology, stage of disease, site, involvement of bone marrow, presence of B-symptoms were recorded.
Results: Majority of the patients were male i.e., (n=104, 69.3%) with the mean age of 45.29±17.76 years. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma presented as the most common type of lymphoma i.e., (n=107, 71.3%) whereas Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) contributed for (n=43, 28.7%) cases. Assessment of clinicopathological features of lymphomas revealed that (n=58, 38.7%) cases had bone marrow involvement. B-symptoms appeared in (n=102, 68%) cases, (n=61, 40.7%) cases were stage IV and the most common site were Neck lymph nodes (n=82, 58.3%), followed by abdomen (n=20, 13.3%). There was statistically significant difference between type of lymphoma with respect to age (p=0.001) and gender(p=0.015)
Conclusion: Among lymphomas the most common type of lymphoma was Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, most common in patients >45 years of age showing relationship of its occurence with age and..


The present invention relates to a resist composition containing a polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,000 comprising recurring units represented by the following general formula (1). Wherein, R According to the invention, the alkali dissolution rate contrast before and after exposure is significantly high, and high sensitivity, and achieve a high resolution in a micro-region, it is preferred as a fine pattern forming material of the particular second LSI manufacturing. A resist material, a fine pattern formation, the repeating units, the exposure, a dissolution rate contrast, resolution


Objective: Although there is a consensus in ethnographic and service-related research that groups have an impact on service use among persons "on the streets," to date there have been no studies directly examining this relationship. This study examines the role of group membership and service use in the service-using street population. Method: Differences on service use behaviors were compared for groups based on the streets and groups based in service systems for a sample of 146 individuals. Variables analyzed included service type (case management, group, or subsistence services) and current behaviors (substance use, illegal market involvement, current housing and employment status). Results: Findings suggest that the two group concepts are distinct and that each have use in predicting service type as well as substance use and illegal market involvement. Conclusion: Implications for service delivery and social work practice are developed from the findings, including highlighting the importance of group membership in the intervention process.


Evolutionary hypernetworks (EHNs) are recently introduced models for learning higher-order probabilistic relations of data by an evolutionary self-organizing process. We present a method that enables EHNs to learn and generate music from examples. Short-term and long-term sequential patterns can be extracted and combined to generate music with various styles by our method. Based on a music corpus consisting of several genres and artists, an EHN generates genre-specific or artist-dependent music fragments when a fraction of score is given as a cue. Our method shows about 88% of success rate in partial music completion task. By inspecting hyperedges in the trained hypernetworks, we can extract a set of arguments that constitutes melodic structures in music.


The invention discloses a silk fabric dyeing and finishing method. The silk fabric dyeing and finishing method comprises pre-treatment, pre-setting, modification treatment, dyeing, soaping, dye fixation, finishing, drying, setting, calendering and rolling. The method utilizes supersonic wave to carry out pretreatment and utilizes a modification treatment process. In dyeing, a large amount of alkaline substances and inorganic salts are avoided, natural dye is adopted, and colophony powder is used as a dye-fixing agent so that dye-fixing effects are obtained, environmental pollution is avoided and environmental protection requirements are satisfied. Through the silk fabric dyeing and finishing method, the silk fabric with high crockfastness and high dye fixation is obtained.


Power grid crisis happening at home and abroad warns the urgency of power grid crisis management. This article mainly study on how to carry out power grid crisis management under the natural disasters in extreme weather from three aspects: prevention and early warning before the crisis; coordination and joint action in crisis; reflections after the crisis. For the nucleus of crisis management is prevention-oriented, so the first line of defense of power grid crisis management is to establish a shared value of the crisis culture. In the face of power-grid crisis, a comprehensive "multi-sectoral" and "internal and external" coordination-mechanism must be built to jointly cope with the crisis. Through reflections after the crisis, inefficiency in disposal and long-term plan could be found timely so as to adjust preplan, early warning, long-range plans, and so on.


Despite the frequency of pulmonary complications and the reports of abnormal lung function after severe burns and trauma, data obtained in this study indicated that patients who survive a severe thermal injury regain normal lung function.


This report details the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Access 5 Project Office Cooperative Collision Avoidance (CCA) Technology Demonstration for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) conducted from 21 to 28 September 2005. The test platform chosen for the demonstration was the Proteus Optionally Piloted Vehicle operated by Scaled Composites, LLC, flown out of the Mojave Airport, Mojave, CA. A single intruder aircraft, a NASA Gulf stream III, was used during the demonstration to execute a series of near-collision encounter scenarios. Both aircraft were equipped with Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System-II (TCAS-II) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) systems. The objective of this demonstration was to collect flight data to support validation efforts for the Access 5 CCA Work Package Performance Simulation and Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL). Correlation of the flight data with results obtained from the performance simulation serves as the basis for the simulation validation. A similar effort uses the flight data to validate the SIL architecture that contains the same sensor hardware that was used during the flight demonstration.


We here present a new concept for the treatment of children with abdominal wall defects, in which an early termination of gestation is aimed at avoiding subsequent multiple surgical procedures. This advanced technique is an example of the recently modified therapeutic methods made possible through extensive developments in intensive care for newborns.


Introduction Right ventricular failure (RVF) remains as critical complications in durable LVAD patients. Avoiding severe RVF is essential especially in increasing destination LVAD patients because they have no exit strategies. An enlarged pulmonary artery (PA) and an increased pulmonary artery/aorta (PA/Ao) diameter ratio are associated with increased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP).(1) Previous studies have indicated that PA/Ao ratio, as assessed on computed tomography (CT), may be a useful diagnostic tool for pulmonary hypertension severity, in patients with COPD, and group 1 pulmonary hypertension.(2-3) However, the clinical significance of preoperative PA/Ao in right ventricular failure (RVF) after durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has not been examined. We sought to investigate the prognostic impact of preoperative PA/Ao diameter ratio in durable LVAD patients with severe postoperative RVF. Methods (Following IRB approval,) we performed a single center retrospective study of patients receiving a durable LVAD between March 2013 and July 2019. RVF was categorized by non-severe and severe based on the INTERMACS criteria. The cohort were divided into severe RVF vs non-severe RVF. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of preoperative PA/Ao diameter ratio to postoperative RVF. Also, receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) and logistic regression model were utilized to sub-analyze the prediction quality and cut-off value of PA/Ao to severe RVF. Results Among total of 219 cohort, 43 were excluded for unavailable hemodynamic data or CT scan, the remaining 176 were included and analyzed. Among 176 cohort, 44 (25.0%) developed severe RVF. Preoperative patient demographics, hemodynamics and CT findings are shown in Table 1. Severe RVF group had statistically larger preoperative PA diameter (P=0.05), smaller Ao diameter (P=0.02), and larger PA/Ao (P Discussion Our study showed PA/Ao diameter ratio is an easy noninvasive indicator with satisfactory diagnostic ability to predict postoperative severe RVF with cutoff value of 1.09. This non-invasive assessment could be more utilized in clinical decision making such as patient selection, preoperative optimization and timing of surgery to avoid postoperative severe RVF. A larger data set should focus on mortality effect and examine in more depth the relationship between PA/Ao ratio and PVR.


0.001 V cm to 0.939 V cm ~0 and 7.9% C! and 0.003 V cm to 0.015 V cm ~0 and 4% C! for the Si12yCy and Si0.822yGe0.18Cy layers, respectively. The grain boundary energy barrier, determined from the temperature dependence of the resistivity, is found to vary as the square of the C content in the n-type polycrystalline Si 12yCy and Si0.822yGe0.18Cy layers, but linearly in the p-type Si12yCy layers. The square law dependence seen in the n-type layers for C contents up to 0.9% is explained by an increase in the grain boundary trap density due to the presence of carbon, whereas the linear relationship seen in the p-type layers for C contents between 2% and 8% is explained by a shift in the grain boundary trap energy toward the valence band. Finally, lower values of grain boundary energy barrier are obtained in p-type Si0.822yGe0.18Cy layers with a C content of 4% than in equivalent Si12yCy layers, which could be explained by a larger shift in trap energy toward the valence band. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1343896#


Many corporate leaders believe that the physical environment of the workplace can play a major role in fostering the interdisciplinary collaboration they link to organizational innovation and in creating a brand that attracts and keeps highly talented employees. Their belief aligns with a recent materialist turn in scholarship that addresses the mutual creation of objects and subjects. Taking advantage of ubiquitous communications technology, the open plan design of these new workplaces offers a variety of settings, created more through furnishings than architecture, to support the four modes of 21st-century work: collaborate, socialize, learn, and focus. In this flexible, "mobile" workplace, people and things mutually reconfigure themselves as projects and preferences change. A tension exists, however, between group-oriented communication conducted face-to-face and private, individual thinking. Exploring the fit between the rhetoric of what space can do, especially enhancing collaboration and achieving innovation, and results on the ground, is an inviting, largely untapped, area for business communication research.


intended to transform them into "citizen-soldiers" (p. ). Those who did not comply with this harsh discipline faced a range of punishments. Despite this threat, many inmates resisted the institution and its relentless settlement, the subject of the third chapter ("Resistance"). The author lists the various types of refusal by the inmates, ranging from homosexual practices, tobacco use, and tattooing, to attempted escapes. Over the years, the disciplinary system atMettray increasingly became the subject of sharp criticism, in particular from the press. And, from the s, even some of the deputies were shocked by the level of violence at the colony ("Discord", Chapter Four). This criticism and three scandals (in , in , and during the interwar period) led to the institution being discredited. This had an important impact on French society and led to its being closed on  November  ("Denouement", Chapter Six). As Toth shows, what began as a resolutely utopian project that emerged from an optimistic representation of juvenile delinquents by reformers in the first half of the nineteenth century was marked by a slow drift towards a strictly authoritarian and punitive model.


The equations and constraints of a general class of models of equilibrium fluvial landscapes are represented as a variational principle (VP). The VP minimizes a functional defined as the sum of (a) the difference between the total kinetic and potential energies of flows over the unchanneled slopes and (b) the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the channelized flows. When the flows over the slopes are subject to a stability constraint on their magnitude, landscapes that minimize the functional are characterized by: (a) the occurrence on channel boundaries of the minimally stable value q=qc of slope runoff; (b) the symmetry of inflows into the channels; (c) the minimal total channel length L=RA/2qc for rainfall R and area A ; (d) the minimization of the action of the slopes if and only if they are stable and their slope‐discharge relation q=q(S) is monotone‐increasing in slope; and (e) the minimization of channel energy if and only if the slope‐discharge relation for channels Q(S) is monotone‐decreasing in slope. Applications of the variational theory to first order channels on a linear ridge lead easily to solutions with equal‐length, uniformly‐spaced channels in symmetrical valleys staggered at the ridge‐crests. These solutions minimize the functional of the VP when the equilibrium landscape is in a minimally‐stable state and correspond well to numerical solutions to analogous time‐dependent models driven to equilbrium. The theory offers a promising approach for investigating the structure of equilibrium channel networks that are stably integrated into equilibrium slopes.


Research on the response of sorts and kinds of organic fertilizer mulch on crop yields caisim mustard (Brassica juncea L .) var. Tosakan been conducted from October to December 2014 in the hamlet Paingan, Mangunrejo Village, District Tegalrejo, Magelang. Altitude of 800 m above sea level studies and types of soil with a pH of 6.5 latosol. The method used was factorial with complete randomized block design consisting of two factors. The first factor is the kind of organic fertilizer (P), consisting of no fertilizer (Po), cow manure (P1) and manure goat (P2), the second factor is the kind of mulch (M) consisting of mulch black silver (M1), straw mulch (M2) and bamboo leaf mulch (M3).The results showed that the effect on the kinds of organic fertilizer plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf weight per plant consumption, heavy consumption of leaves per plot and leaf area per plant, but has no effect on the weight of fresh roots per plant. Kind of care mulch affect plant height, number of leaves and leaf weight per plant consumption, but has no effect on the weight of leaf consumption per plot, leaf area per plant and fresh weight of roots per plant. There is no interaction between the kinds of organic fertilizers and mulch sorts against the weight of leaves per plant consumption.


likely to remain permanently negative. The authorities of many hospitals did not favour the idea of paying blood donors when it was brought up for discussion, and other arrangements had to be made. With regard to technique, he thought that the method of using citrated blood gave tho most certain results in general use. The chief recent advaince was the process of immuno-transfusion, introduced by Sir Almroth Wright and his co-workers, in which defibrinated blood was used. The efficacy of this method for patients suffering from severe infections wvas still sub judice. Other methods, such as the Kimpton-Brown tube or multiple syringes, were used with success by some operators, but these were less suitable for general use than citrated blood, which gave perfectly satisfactory results in all surgical cases. No further advances of importance had yet been recorded.


An electro-active polymer (EAP) surface (10) has a plurality of actuators (20) adapted to prevent the formation of ice on an external surface (230), such as a leading edge of an aircraft (100). The EAP surface (10) may also be adapted to remove ice formed on the external surface (260). The actuators of the EAP surface (10) may be oscillated to prevent and/or remove ice from the surface of an aircraft (100). A signal generator (30) may be used to individually oscillate the actuators (20) in a first mode to prevent the formation of ice(230) and a second mode to break up ice formed on the EAP surface (10). The signal generator (30) may oscillate all of the actuators (20) at the same frequency, may individually oscillate the actuators (20) to form a pattern on the EAP surface (10), or may individually oscillate the actuators (20) to form a wave along the EAP surface (10). The actuators (20) may be dimple actuators, wrinkle actuators, and/or bump actuators.


In this paper we propose a new musical instrument recognition technique based on hidden markov model (HMhf). Spectral envelop is the key information of instrument characteristic and timbre. We decompose an instrument sound into sinusoidal components (harmonics) and noise component and estimate the amplitudes of harmonics component. We want to express spectral envelop effectively using estimated amplitudes, therefore we define three kinds of features and apply recognition procedure to each feature. The HAfM model used in this paper is continuous single gaussian output HAfM. To evaluate the performance of recognition technique, we apply proposed technique to classify real instrumental sound of J4UMS (AfacGill University Master Samples). The recognition success ratio is more than 70% .


This article seeks to reflect on the application of socio-educational measures in Brazil and the construction of citizenship in the Brazilian legal system through an anthropological analysis on the legislation of the policy of child and adolescent care and the data on their effective application in Rio. of January. To understand this process, a study was conducted on the history of the first legislations that supported the service to this segment in the country, from the first Criminal Code to the present day with the implementation of the Child and Adolescent Statute in 1990. The analysis of the proposal to make children and adolescents into citizens with full protection seeks to understand how juvenile criminal responsibility creates contradictions to the effective exercise of this policy in favor of children and adolescents, highlighting in their practices the way legal equality is built in Brazil.


Discussion and authors' closure of paper 41–58 by W. R. Rankin and R. M. Bennett, presented at the AIEE winter convention, Philadelphia, Pa., January 27–31, 1941, and published in AIEE TRANSACTIONS, 1941 (May section) pages 193–7.


Many distributed applications require that information be propagated in the system efficiently. Propagation of information, as soon as it becomes known, via direct messages, is prohibitively expensive even in relatively small networks. Fortunately, in many applications, one can use lazy propagation of information, where each site eventually obtains all the information in the network. A common method for spreading information is by exchanging information logs amongst sites in the network. Several mechanisms for log propagation have already been proposed. All these mechanisms require that information log must be accompanied with temporal information, which is the state of the site sending the message, when the message is sent. In this paper, we eliminate the need for sending the log and temporal components together. We demonstrate that the separation of these two components leads to a more efficient and flexible solution of the log propagation problem. Also, our solution is more scalable, which makes it more suitable for large and geographically dispersed networks.


Backplane links operating in the 6-12Gb/s region are affected by a number of transmission channel impairments such as frequency-dependent losses, reflections, crosstalk, thermal noise and environmental impulse noise. In this paper, we describe a prototype backplane transceiver environment that combines equalization and error-correction coding (ECC, also known as FEC) to combat the above impairments, as well as the effect of imperfect equalization and resulting data-dependent error sensitivity.


........................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................vii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. viii List of Appendices ........................................................................................................................... ix Chapter One: General Introduction......................................................................................... 1 History and formation of braided rivers in New Zealand ....................................................... 2 Braided rivers in New Zealand................................................................................................ 2 Black-billed gulls ..................................................................................................................... 4 River conservation in New Zealand ........................................................................................ 7 Genetics and conservation ..................................................................................................... 8 Research aims ...................................................................................................................... 10 References ............................................................................................................................ 12 Chapter Two: Estimating the breeding population of black-billed gulls Larus bulleri in New Zealand, and methods for future count surveys .................................................................................. 18 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 19 Materials and methods ........................................................................................................... 20 Birds New Zealand census, 1995/96 to 1997/98.................................................................. 20 National breeding population estimate, 2014/15 to 2016/17 ............................................. 22 2014/15 ............................................................................................................................. 22 2015/16 ............................................................................................................................. 23 2016/17 ............................................................................................................................. 26 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Birds New Zealand census, 1995/96 to 1997/98.................................................................. 30 National breeding population estimate, 2014/15 to 2016/17 ............................................. 30 Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 38 Origins and challenges of historical black-billed gull counts ................................................ 38 Comparisons between 2014/15-2016/17 and 1995/96-1997/98 ........................................ 40 Recommendations for future counts .................................................................................... 40 References ............................................................................................................................... 43


In this paper, a wide band sinusoidal antenna with small size is designed. These type of antennas are used in pulse radars and ultra-wideband systems like direction finders or threat detector radars, and one of their advantages is that they receive all polarization. The proposed antenna is designed on a board with two pairs of arms with the ability of receiving all polarizations. A small balloon with the same level of the antenna is also considered for matching impedance which is an important factor in miniaturization of the entire sinusoidal antenna design. The antenna has been designed and optimized with balloons in S, C and part of X bands on Rogers RT/Duroid substrate and have been simulated with CST softwares. It has 4-18 GHz bandwidth and 5.8 dB gain which outperforms similar works.


Since the invention of packet switching networks, routing is an important, if not the most fundamental, component of networking. Over decades, both academia and industry put huge efforts to improve routing in various scenarios. However, with the explosive growth of Internet, wide adoption for critical business and services, and new environments like data center networks, routing has more difficulties to meet the increasingly stringent requirements.
We examine current routing schemes and discover that the problem is more fundamental, because they rely on many assumptions and trade-offs that are no longer applicable for today's networks. Believing that more radical changes are necessary to effectively address the challenge, we start the design process from scratch, with assumptions, trade-offs and design philosophies which better reflect the networks of today and tomorrow. The outcome of the design process is a unified routing framework which utilizes directed acyclic graph (DAG) as routing topology. And we name it Routing Along DAGs (RAD).
RAD separates route optimization and connectivity maintenance, handles both failures and congestions, and recovers fast and locally. We explain the details of RAD design and test its performance on various real world topologies. Then we improve RAD to achieve even better performance and cover more use cases. With these extensions, RAD becomes both complete and practical.


We present the CFD based non-dimensional characterization of violent slosh induced energy dissipation due a tank under vertical excitation. Experimentally validated CFD is used for this purpose as an ideally suited and versatile tool. It is thus first demonstrated that a weakly compressible VoF based CFD scheme is capable of computing violent slosh induced energy dissipation with high accuracy. The resulting CFD based energy analysis further informs that the main source of energy dissipation during violent slosh is due liquid impact. Next, a functional relationship characterising slosh induced energy dissipation is formulated in terms of fluid physics based non-dimensional numbers. These comprised contact angle and liquid–gas density ratio as well as Reynolds, Weber and Froude numbers. The Froude number is found the most significant in characterising verticle violent slosh induced energy dissipation (in the absence of significant phase change). The validated CFD is consequently employed to develop scaling laws (curve fits) which quantify energy dissipation as a function of the most important fluid physics non-dimensional numbers. These newly developed scaling laws show for the first time that slosh induced energy dissipation may be expressed as a quadratic function of Froude number and as a linear function of liquid–gas density ratio. Based on the aforementioned it is postulated that violent slosh induced energy dissipation may be expressed as a linear function of tank kinetic energy. The article is concluded by demonstrating the practical use of the novel CFD derived non-dimensional scaling laws to infer slosh induced energy dissipation for ideal experiments (with exact fluid physics similarity to the full scale Aircraft) from (non-ideal) slosh experiments.


For the geosynchronous-low earth orbit (GEO-LEO) bi-static multi-channel high-resolution and wide-swath synthetic aperture radar (HRWS SAR) system, a novel azimuth Doppler signal reconstruction algorithm is developed based on an equivalent baseline approximating in the azimuth Doppler chirp Fourier transform domain. The main difficulty for the GEO-LEO bistatic multi-channel HRWS SAR system is that the baseline is variant with the scene in the conventional Doppler Fourier transform domain during azimuth signal reconstruction. The developed approach first employs the linear range cell migration correction and chirp Fourier transform to obtain the coarse-focused ambiguity SAR image. More importantly, the baseline component can be approximated a uniform baseline length for the whole image scene and the ambiguous Doppler spectrum can be reconstructed using the available Doppler signal reconstruction approach. Finally, the experimental results for a simulation GEO-LEO bi-static multi-channel HRWS SAR system are employed to validate the theoretical investigations and the proposed approach.


Despite a considerable amount of research conducted on Asian labor migration, decidedly little attention has focused on the vulnerability and exploitation of women overseas contract workers. This article examines how the social construction of gender influences the migration of Filipina overseas workers and contributes to the increased vulnerability and exploitation of women migrants. In particular, direct and indirect socialization processes, as well as gendered and racial stereotypes, are manifest within the labor recruitment process, helping to channel women migrants into the domestic services and entertainment sectors of this migration flow.


The photo-induced effect on the resistance of manganite Pr_(2/3)Sr_(1/3)MnO_3 and La_(2/3)Sr_(1/3)MnO_3 thin films have been investigated.The results shows that the resistance of the film irradiated by the laser with wavelength of 532nm increases in ferromagnetic-metallic state and decreases in paramagnetic-insulator state.The maximum of photo-induced relative change in resistance is about 9.6% for PSMO thin film.The insulator-metal transition temperature shifts to the lower temperature due to the photo exciting of the down-spin eg electrons and destroying the spin order system of the thin film.


OBJECTIVES
1) To study whether the same or different chromosome 17q genes may be involved in the oncogenesis of familial and sporadic ovarian malignancies. 2) To localize the candidate gene in the sporadic ovarian cancers.

METHODS (STUDY DESIGN)
Using DNA extracted from ovarian tumors and corresponding peripheral leukocyte, we examined the status of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 12 loci spanning chromosome 17q12-q25 by Southern hybridization and polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS
Comparison of the extent of LOH among 25 epithelial ovarian tumors showing allele loss at one or more loci on 17q, the smallest overlapping region of allelic deletion is between D17S579 and GIP, with a genetic distance of approximate 2 cM.

CONCLUSIONS
From our allelic deletion analysis of chromosome 17q loci, it indicates that there are more than one ovarian cancer candidate genes on chromosome 17q.


In this article we are exploring gendered subjectivity and workplace change in male dominated industrial organizations. The empirical base is a study of Australian coal mining companies implementin ...


Reduction of linear critical dimensions (CDs) beyond 45 nm would require significant increase of the complexity of pattern definition process. In this work, we discuss the key successor methodology to the current optical lithography, the Double Patterning Technique (DPT). We compare the complexity of CAD solutions, fab equipment, and wafer processing with its competitors, such as the nanoimprint (NIL) and the extreme UV (EUV) techniques. We also look ahead to the market availability for the product families enabled using the novel patterning solutions. DPT is often recognized as the most viable next generation lithography as it utilizes the existing equipment and processes and is considered a stop-gap solution before the advanced NIL or EUV equipment is developed. Using design for manufacturability (DfM) rules, DPT can drive the k1 factor down to 0.13. However, it faces a variety of challenges, from new mask overlay strategies, to layout pattern split, novel OPC, increased CD tolerances, new etch techniques, as well as long processing time, all of which compromise its return on investment (RoI). In contrast, it can be claimed e.g., that the RoI is the highest for the NIL but this technology bears significant risk. For all novel patterning techniques, the key questions remain: when and how should they be introduced, what is their long-term potential, when should they be replaced, and by what successor technology. We summarize the unpublished results of several panel discussions on DPT at the recent SPIE/BACUS conferences.


Career situation of first and presenting author Student for a master or a PhD. Introduction The treatment of chronic inflammatory and/or degenerative diseases by low dose radiation therapy (LDRT) is a successful alternative treatment option, especially for patients who were refractory for treatment with drugs. Generally, LDRT aims to reduce pain of patients and to increase their mobility. Although LDRT has successfully been applied since the late 19th century, the underlying immunological mechanisms are only fragmentarily analyzed. Objectives Therefore we have aimed to analyze the impact of locally delivered LDRT on systemic immune changes. Methods For this the IMMO-LDRT01 study (NCT02653079) was initiated in 2016. The study will include 150 patients suffering from chronic inflammatory and/or degenerative diseases, such as arthritis, arthrosis or benign calcaneodynia. The patients are treated with six local irradiations (single dose per fraction of 0.5Gy) in three weeks. If necessary, the serial irradiation can be repeated after 8–12 weeks, in order to achieve a further reduction of the pain. Blood samples are taken before and after every serial irradiation, as well as during follow-up appointments of the patients. For detailed immunophenotyping of whole blood, we established a multicolor flow cytometry assay, which allows the monitoring of seven main immune cell types, 26 immune cell subtypes, and the activation status of the immune cells. Results To date 80 patients have been included in the study. First evaluations showed a significant reduction of B cells and cytotoxic T cells in the peripheral blood of patients. In particular, LDRT impacted on activation markers of immune cells. One has to stress that the immunological effects of LDRT were dependent on the particular type of disease of the patients. Currently, the data of the immunophenotyping are correlated to pain perception and quality of life of the patients. Conclusions These analyses will be helpful to optimize LDRT. A better patient stratification based on pain- and immune-related biomarkers is envisaged for the future, alongside with initiation of deliberated randomized clinical trials. Acknowledgements This study has been in part funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (GREWIS and GREWIS-alpha, 02NUK017G and 02NUK050E). Disclosure of Interest None declared.


The utility model discloses a ziwuliuzhu low frequency dialectical therapeutic device, which comprises a control module, a display terminal module connected with the control module through circuit, and an output module. The control module comprises a memory device which stores a point information database and a disease information database and sets up a computer model between the two databases through time acupuncture law of and , the device indicates the user to find therapeutic program corresponding to the symptom of the user through software interface and then indicates the user when and how to do therapy and health care according to the selection of the user. The utility model essentially is an intelligent acupuncture system which can provide therapy plan and best therapy time for the user.


B Y NOW the story is familiar to many. In the spring of 1984 a 20-yr-old man being cared for at Stanford University (Stanford, CA), who had been treated with pituitary GH between ages 3 and 17 yr, died after a 6-month illness characterized by ataxia followed by rapidly progressive neurological deterioration. Autopsy showed the classic changes of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), an extremely unusual diagnosis in a person under the age of 55. In March 1985 these events were reported to the NIH, The National Pituitary Agency, and the Food and Drug Administration. Over the next month, two additional patients who died of CJD, a 32yr-old man in Dallas and a 22-yr-old man in Buffalo, were reported to the NIH. These reports, as well as that of a 22yr-old woman described in the United Kingdom, served to catalyze the withdrawal of pituitary GH, both that made available through government programs and that from commercial sources, from distribution in the United States and many other countries. During the next 3 yr very few additional patients with iatrogenic CJD were described and a sense of optimism began to be felt among physicians caring for patients who had been treated with pituitary-derived hormones. This optimism has proven to be premature and it is now an appropriate time to review this subject.


Wavelet transform based coding has shown to be a promising method in low bit rate data compression. By using its multiresolution characteristics and the dependencies among subbands, the important visual features can be reconstructed at high compression ratio. In this paper, we propose a new wavelet transform coding scheme which exploits the linear prediction model for the existing dependencies across subbands. The main advantage of this algorithm is the low computational complexity which meets the requirement of VLSI implementation. As a result, the employment of our coding scheme makes real-time image processing achievable. In addition, the choice of optimal wavelet basis function is essential in wavelet compression. We address a new evaluation criterion "wavelet transform coding gain" which is based on the relationship between scalar quantization error and vector quantization error of our coding scheme. From our simulation results, it shows a strong correlation between wavelet transform coding gain and reconstruction quality.


Previous investigations indicate that the dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitors disulfiram and nepicastat suppress cocaine‐primed reinstatement of cocaine self‐administration behaviour. Moreover, both inhibitors increase dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and markedly potentiate cocaine‐induced dopamine release in this region. This study was aimed to clarify if the suppressant effect of DBH inhibitors on cocaine reinstatement was mediated by the high extracellular dopamine in the rat mPFC leading to a supra‐maximal stimulation of D1 receptors in the dorsal division of mPFC, an area critical for reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking behaviour. In line with previous microdialysis studies in drug‐naïve animals, both DBH inhibitors potentiated cocaine‐induced dopamine release in the mPFC, in the same animals in which they also suppressed reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Similar to the DBH inhibitors, L‐DOPA potentiated cocaine‐induced dopamine release in the mPFC and suppressed cocaine‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking behaviour. The bilateral microinfusion of the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 into the dorsal mPFC not only prevented cocaine‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking but also reverted both disulfiram‐ and L‐DOPA‐induced suppression of reinstatement. Moreover, the bilateral microinfusion of the D1 receptor agonist chloro‐APB (SKF 82958) into the dorsal mPFC markedly attenuated cocaine‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These results suggest that stimulation of D1 receptors in the dorsal mPFC plays a crucial role in cocaine‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, whereas the suppressant effect of DBH inhibitors and L‐DOPA on drug‐induced reinstatement is mediated by a supra‐maximal stimulation of D1 receptors leading to their inactivation.


Many important situations in outdoor sound propagation involve high‐angle propagation, for example, elevated sources and ground receivers, or vice versa. For such cases, we have compared two parabolic equation models: the GFPE model of Gilbert and Di and an atmospheric version of the RAM algorithm of Collins. Although the GFPE model, which is based on a split‐step Fourier method, gives exact results for a homogeneous atmosphere (constant sound speed and constant density), it was initially thought to be less accurate for an inhomogeneous atmosphere than the RAM algorithm, which is based on high‐order Pade approximations. Surprisingly, it was found that for cases with sufficiently weak atmospheric gradients, the GFPE is considerably more accurate at high angles than the atmospheric RAM model, given equal computational effort with both models. With increased computational effort (i.e., higher‐order Pade expansions and shorter range steps), the RAM model gives high‐angle accuracy comparable to the GFPE. As th...


by a pioneer front on the upslope side of a vegetation ;Gzx,;3 band. Vegetation patterns in south-west Niger have %2s:$; :;e%& been interpreted to suggest that spatial transitions +vm reflect this form of temporal succession. and in these patterns there is ! @$& m* corroborating evidence for slow up-slope migration. However, given the inherent difficulties of long-term field experiments there are few data to $kE$!$ judge the validity of this model. >?W"< a.i >


This chapter discusses research with human participants in the United States, most of which has been subject to federal regulations requiring prospective ethical oversight by entities known as institutional review boards (IRBs) since the 1970s. Research that is subject to the federal regulations may not begin until IRB approval has been obtained. The chapter begins by examining key aspects of the federal regulations governing IRB review of research with human participants, including the type of activities that fall under the IRB's jurisdiction, how IRBs are organized, and some of the key substantive standards that IRBs apply. It then looks at additional regulatory standards that apply to studies involving particular populations, including pregnant women and fetuses, prisoners, and children. Finally, the chapter examines several other bodies of law related to research with human participants, including policies governing the inclusion of women and racial minorities in clinical trials; legal principles governing compensation for injuries to research participants; and requirements for registering clinical trials, reporting trial results, and disclosing research-related conflicts of interest.


The purpose of this study was to explore the sources of mathematical ideas in terms of the relationships between meaning and formalism and their role in the transition between elementary mathematics and advanced mathematics. The two participants were high school mathematics teachers, who vary in their levels of experience. Two forms of data were collected to obtain more in-depth data about the transformations within among mathematical ideas: a questionnaire including 14 open-ended mathematical tasks and semistructured interviews. Results indicated that individuals had different ways in constructing mathematical ideas and that their mathematical ideas were derived from the transition between meaning and formalism. Keywords: relations, meaning, formalism, advanced mathematics


Base on the use of the principal component analysis,the author tries to assess the level of the tourism economy of affected provinces to the city tour of the major economic factors.To correctly understand the nature and size of the tourism industry,tourism strategy,which pertains to the development and planning,management and construction has a certain direction.


In this study, we propose the use of electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and kinematic motion data captured through wearable sensors to classify emotional states, while individuals are playing a serious computer game (Whack-a-Mole). Twenty-one participants wore an OpenBCI headset and JINS MEME eyewear while playing the Whack-a-Mole game at three levels of difficulty. We used a variety of classifiers [i.e., a support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and ensemble classifier (EC)] to classify the participants' emotional states based on their EEG, EOG, and kinematic motion data. The classifiers were trained using the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The EC and RF showed the best results in terms of their overall performance. Using tenfold cross-validation for all the subjects, the accuracies obtained were 73% for Arousal and 80% for Valence. Our results suggest that EEG and EOG biosignals, as well as kinematic motion data acquired using off-the-shelf wearable sensors in combination with machine-learning techniques such as EC, can be used to classify emotional states, while the individuals were playing the Whack-a-Mole game.


Dr. S. Levy Simpson: There have been various methods of extracting the active principle of the adrenal cortex in solvents, e.g. glycerine, that would permit its action when given by mouth, but nonhas so far had material success. Adsorption on charcoal has proved efficacious in animals, and I have seen some degree of benefit in man from this therapy. In 1936 Reichstein of Zurich (with collaborators) and Kendall and co-workers at the Mayo Clinic, America, obtained several crystalline fractions from crude cortical extracts, one or more proving potent when tested on adrenalectomized rats and dogs. Steiger and Reichstein (1937) finally reported that the essential constituent was a substance which they termed corticosterone, and which had a formula C21H28 3004, the structural formula being shown in fig. 1 A. This appeared to be identical with substance B of Kendall (1937). Although corticosterone has not yet been synthesized, a closely related compound, desoxycorticosterone, has been synthesized by Steiger and Reichstein (1937) from stigmasterol ; its formula (fig. 1 B) differs from corticosterone in so far as the OH group in the nucleus is missing.


Automatic control design for robotic systems is becoming more and more popular. However, this usually involves a significant computational cost, due to the expensive and noisy evaluation of candidate solutions through high-fidelity simulation or even real hardware. This work aims at reducing the computational cost of automatic design of behavioral arbitrators through the introduction of a two-step approach. In the first step, the structure of the finite state machine governing the behavioral arbitrator is optimized. To this purpose, a more abstracted model of the robotic system is leveraged in order to significantly reduce the computational cost. In the second step, the close-to-hardware, behavioral parameters are fine-tuned using a high-fidelity model. We show that, for a scenario involving a single robot and multiple tasks to be solved sequentially, using the proposed method results in a significant decrease of the computational cost while reaching the same controller performance both in simulation and reality.


l!:hner Giblin, gl'and knIght of M.ar· 'lueUe council, were elected aa delo, ",utes lo the nn tlonnl convenUon, and J. E. Gatens re·eloctcd to the posl· tloll ot stllte treasurer In the tlnal seasloll ot the KnIghts of Columbus' twenty·nlnth annual slate convcn· tlon yesterday In the Jcrterson hotel. Other state orflcers re·elected to their ofWce8 wcre: Leo 'Wegman 'of Car· Tull, state dcputy; Ray F, Can Icy at Des MoInes, state secretary; and J. ]t. McManus at Des MOines, state advocate, J, Leonard Clinton at Councll Bluffs waR chosen statc war· lien, lo succecd John F. Mayer of Sioux City, NaUonru Meet Itt IJOIIlolI EIght othel' delegates wcro elected til the naUonal convention, which wllJ be held In Boston, Aug, 19, 20, ~nd 21. 'rhey are: Leo Wegman at Carroll, Dr, WlIIlam H, Redmond ot Cedar Rapids. "\V, E, Kearney at Mar· ~hnlltown , J. If. McManus ot Des Molnees, Fred Weller ot Burlington, J. H. Devaney ot Cascade, and L. l~. Houlihan of Sheldon. Duo to the withdrawal ot Ft. !Dodge 's In vltl\tion as nex t year'8 convention cIty, Ma.rshalltown wns unanImously selected for the 1931 meeting. Houlihan Speaks Edward Houlihan of Chicago, state deputy tal' Illinois, and supreme dl· rIc tor of the order In the United States, addressed lhe delegates yes· terday morning In the maIn dining room ot the Jeffer80n hotel. Mr, Houlihan told at the work that Is toeIng carried on by the national coun· cil . The convention was the second that hIlS been held In Iowa City, slnc. the organization of the order In Iowa, the eighth annual state convention Dlcetln'S" here In 1909,


This study aims to screen out and to optimize the major nutrients for maximum carotenoid production and antioxidation characteristics by Rhodotorula rubra. It was found that supplementary of 10 g/l glucose as carbon source, 1 g/l ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source and 1 g/l yeast extract as growth factor in the medium provided the better yield of carotenoid content of 30.39 μg/g cell dry weight the amount of antioxidation of Rhodotorula rubra by DPPH, ABTS and MDA method were 1.463%, 34.21% and 34.09 μmol/l, respectively. Keywords—Carotenoid, Rhodotorula rubra, Antioxidation, DPPH, ABTS


Landslides are one of the major geohazards in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and have recently increased in both frequency and size. SAR interferometry (InSAR) has been widely applied in landslide research, but studies on monitoring small-scale landslides are rare. In this study, we investigated the performance of Small Baseline Subsets method (SBAS) in monitoring small-scale landslide and further developed a new deformation model to obtain the absolute deformation time series. The results showed that SBAS could well capture the small-scale landslide characteristics including spatiotemporal abnormal displacement and progressive failure processes. The newly developed absolute deformation model further detected the process of landslide details, such as instances of noticeable creeps induced by rainfall and snowmelt. Finally, a conceptual model of the kinematics-based failure mechanism for small-scale landslide was proposed. This study extended the monitoring capability of InSAR and improved our knowledge on the deformation in the frozen ground regions.


Some problems can be found while analyzing the psychology of trip makers, such as information oversaturation, extremist reaction and concentration reaction. These problems are discussed in detail.


This study aims at exploring the causes and factors, which hamper the repatriation of Afghan refugees to their country. This study was carried out in two different villages, i.e., Char Bagh and Ismaela in district Swabi, NWFP, Pakistan, where the camps of Afghan refugees are located. From households in Char Bagh 40 respondents and from Ismaela 20 respondents were randomly selected. This study revealed that in these two camps Pakhtoon tribe was in majority due to their linguistic relationship with the local people. The educational status of the sampled respondents was that majority from them were illiterate. Education to primary level has been got by 28% of the sampled respondents. The opportunity of visiting school beyond primary level was to them by Pakistan with the help of UNESCO and UNHCR. As far as migration of the sampled respondents is concerned, they migrated to Pakistan during Afhgan war when Russian Air Force bombed their villages and during the takeover of Kabul by freedom fighters in order to escape strict Islamic rules. It was reported that Afghans were mostly farmers because they were living in rural areas. Educated Afghan were mostly government employees or doing their businesses in the city. It was revealed from this study that the housing condition of the sampled respondents in Afghanistan was mostly destroyed or damaged by heavy Russian bombardment, which compelled them to migrate to Pakistan. Since they were unable to repair the houses due to poor economic condition and distrust on the present government, therefore, their repatriation to Afghanistan is not worth satisfactory. Not only due to poor economic condition and distrust on the present government but also due to profitable businesses in Pakistan, they are still reluctant to repatriate to Afghanistan. At the end this study recommendations are made to help encourage the repatriation of Afghan refugees to their country. It is recommended that peace in Afghanistan, and socio-economic activities should be speeded up. Job opportunities, facilities for health, education etc. should be provided to the masses so that more and more refugees can be repatriated.


Excerpt Broncholiths have been recognized in medical literature for centuries.1In our time, with the impetus medical diagnosis has been given by improved technic in bronchology, roentgenology and b...


Objective To find out the current situation about contraception and abortion of floating women,to probe the necessity of developing a standardized post abortion family planning service(PAFPS) for the floating women.Methods A study adopted self-administraed closed questionnaires was conducted among 1 494 abortion women.Compare floating woman with resident women about the reason of pregnancy,the repetition of induced abortion and high risk of abortion.Results There is significant difference between the resident aborted women and the floating aborted women in terms of ages,marital status,educational background,job stability and monthly income(P0.05).Conclusion The floating women who had the induced abortion operation are relatively younger,with lower levels of education,unstable low-income jobs,higher rate of repetition and higher risk abortion.So it is necessary to offer PAFPS to floating women.


Information infrastructures have gained significant momentum in today's information economy. They are defined as shared, open and evolving socio-technical systems providing distinct IT capabilities. The Cassandra EU project aims to enhance visibility of the international flow of goods over sea with an electronic data pipeline as an information infrastructure. This paper presents data sharing issues that could prevent adoption of the Cassandra Pipeline. Potential solutions are provided regarding access restriction and data sharing. In addition solutions are derived from the design theory for dynamic complexity in information infrastructures of Hanseth and Lyytinen (2010), proposing to gain momentum by starting small, focusing on immediate benefits for supply chain partners and obtaining experience using simple prototypes. This paper underlines that designers of the Cassandra Pipeline as an information infrastructure need to think carefully about the implications of restricting access and non-obligatory or obligatory data sharing, both allowing for generativity and trust while preventing potential abuse at the same time.


Rationale: Air pollution may influence sleep through airway inflammation or autonomic nervous system pathway alterations. Epidemiological studies may provide evidence of relationships between chronic air pollution exposure and sleep apnea. Objectives: To determine whether ambient‐derived pollution exposure is associated with obstructive sleep apnea and objective sleep disruption. Methods: We analyzed data from a sample of participants in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) who participated in both the Sleep and Air studies. Mean annual and 5‐year exposure levels to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter ≤ 2.5 &mgr;m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) were estimated at participants' homes using spatiotemporal models based on cohort‐specific monitoring. Participants completed in‐home full polysomnography and 7 days of wrist actigraphy. We used multivariate models, adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, and site, to assess whether air pollution was associated with sleep apnea (apnea‐hypopnea index ≥ 15) and actigraphy‐measured sleep efficiency. Results: The participants (n = 1,974) were an average age of 68 (±9) years, 46% male, 36% white, 24% Hispanic, 28% black, and 12% Asian; 48% had sleep apnea and 25% had a sleep efficiency of ≤88%. A 10 ppb annual increase in NO2 exposure was associated with 39% greater adjusted odds of sleep apnea (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐1.87). A 5 &mgr;g/m3 greater annual PM2.5 exposure was also associated with 60% greater odds of sleep apnea (95% CI, 0.98‐2.62). Sleep efficiency was not associated with air pollution levels in fully adjusted models. Conclusions: Individuals with higher annual NO2 and PM2.5 exposure levels had a greater odds of sleep apnea. These data suggest that in addition to individual risk factors, environmental factors also contribute to the variation of sleep disorders across groups, possibly contributing to health disparities.


Mobile Ad hoc Networks is a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which form temporary networks without relying on any existing infrastructure or centralized administration or standard support services regularly available in wide area networks to which the host may normally be


MEASUREMENTS Comparison of bio-optical scale resolution from CTD and microstructure measurements, by F. Wolk, L. Seuront, H. Yamazaki and S. Leterme Measurement of zooplankton distributions with a high-resolution digital camera system, by M.C. Benfield, C.J. Schwehm, R.G. Fredericks, G. Squyres, S.F. Keenan and M.V. Trevorrow Planktonic Layers: physical and biological interactions on the small-scale, by T.J. Cowles Scales of Biological-Physical Coupling in the Equatorial Pacific, by P.G. Strutton and F.P Chavez Acoustic remote sensing of photosynthetic activity in seagrass beds, by J.-P. Hermand Multiscale in situ measurements of intertidal benthic production and respiration, by D. Davoult, A. Migne and N. Spilmont Spatially Extensive, High Resolution Images of Rocky Shore Communities, by D. Blakeway, C. Robles, D. Fuentes and H.-L. Qiu Food web dynamics in stable isotope ecology: time integration of different trophic levels, by C.M. O'Reilly, P. Verburg, R.E. Hecky, P.D. Plisnier and A.S. Cohen Synchrotron-based infrared imaging of Euglena gracilis single cells, by C. Hirschmugl, M. Bunta and M. Giordano Signaling during mating in the pelagic copepod, Temora longicornis, by J. Yen, A. Prusaz, M. Caun, M.H. Doall, J. Brown and J.R. Strickler Experimental validation of an individual-based model for zooplankton swarming, by N.S. Banas, D.P. Wang and J. Yen ANALYSIS On skipjack tuna dynamics: similarity at several scales, by A.P. Solari, J.J. Castro and C. Bas The temporal scaling of environmental variability in rivers and lakes, by H. Cyr, P.J. Dillon and J.E. Parker Biogeochemical variability at the sea surface: how it is linked to process response times, by A. Mahadevan and J.W. Campbell Challenges in the analysis and simulation of benthic community patterns, by M.P. Johnson Fractal dimension estimation in studies of epiphytal and epilithic communities- strengths and weaknesses, by J. Davenport Rank-size analysis and vertical phytoplankton distribution patterns, by J.G. Mitchell An introduction to wavelets, by I.M. Dremin, Ivanov, O.V. and V.A. Nechitailo Fractal characterization of spatial distributions of plankton on Georges Bank, by K.E. Fisher, P.H. Wiebe and B.D. Malamud Orientation of sea fans perpendicular to the flow, by T.R. Osborn and G.K. Ostrader Why are large, delicate, gelatinous organisms so successful in the ocean's interior?, by T.R. Osborn and D. Barber Quantifying zooplankton swimming behavior: the question of scale, by L. Seuront, M.C. Brewer and J.R. Strickler Identification of iterations in copepod populations using a qualitative study of stage-structured population models, by S. Souissi and O. Bernard SIMULATION The importance of spatial scale in the modeling of aquatic ecosystems, by D.L. DeAngelis, W.M. Mooij and A. Basset Patterns in models of plankton dynamics in a heterogeneous environment, by H. Malchow, A.B. Medvinsky and S.V. Petrovskii Seeing the wood for the trees, and vice versa: pattern-oriented ecological modelling, by V. Grimm and U. Berger Spatial dynamics of a benthic community: applying multiple models to a single system, by D.D. Donalson, R.A. Desharnais, C.D. Robles and R. Nisbet Effects of Langmuir circulation on buoyant particles, by E. Skyllingstad Modeling of turbulent intermittency: multifractal stochastic processes and their simulation, by F.G. Schmitt An application of lognormal theory to moderate Reynolds number turbulent structures, by H. Yamazaki and K.D. Squires Numerical simulations of the flow field at the scale size of an individual copepod, by H. Jiang Can turbulence reduce the energy costs of hovering for planktonic organisms?, by H. Yamazaki, K.D. Squires and J.R. Strickler Utilising different levels of adaptation in individual-based modelling, by G. Huse and J. Giske Using multi-agent systems to develop individual based models for copepods: consequences of individual behavior and spatial heterogeneity on the emerging properties at the population scale, by S. Souissi, V. Ginot L. Seuront and S.I. Uye Modeling planktonic behavior as a complex adaptive system, by A.K. Yamazaki and D. Kamykowski Discrete events based Lagrangian approach as a tool for modelling predator prey interactions in the plankton, by P. CaparroyMEASUREMENTS Comparison of bio-optical scale resolution from CTD and microstructure measurements, by F. Wolk, L. Seuront, H. Yamazaki and S. Leterme Measurement of zooplankton distributions with a high-resolution digital camera system, by M.C. Benfield, C.J. Schwehm, R.G. Fredericks, G. Squyres, S.F. Keenan and M.V. Trevorrow Planktonic Layers: physical and biological interactions on the small-scale, by T.J. Cowles Scales of Biological-Physical Coupling in the Equatorial Pacific, by P.G. Strutton and F.P Chavez Acoustic remote sensing of photosynthetic activity in seagrass beds, by J.-P. Hermand Multiscale in situ measurements of intertidal benthic production and respiration, by D. Davoult, A. Migne and N. Spilmont Spatially Extensive, High Resolution Images of Rocky Shore Communities, by D. Blakeway, C. Robles, D. Fuentes and H.-L. Qiu Food web dynamics in stable isotope ecology: time integration of different trophic levels, by C.M. O'Reilly, P. Verburg, R.E. Hecky, P.D. Plisnier and A.S. Cohen Synchrotron-based infrared imaging of Euglena gracilis single cells, by C. Hirschmugl, M. Bunta and M. Giordano Signaling during mating in the pelagic copepod, Temora longicornis, by J. Yen, A. Prusaz, M. Caun, M.H. Doall, J. Brown and J.R. Strickler Experimental validation of an individual-based model for zooplankton swarming, by N.S. Banas, D.P. Wang and J. Yen ANALYSIS On skipjack tuna dynamics: similarity at several scales, by A.P. Solari, J.J. Castro and C. Bas The temporal scaling of environmental variability in rivers and lakes, by H. Cyr, P.J. Dillon and J.E. Parker Biogeochemical variability at the sea surface: how it is linked to process response times, by A. Mahadevan and J.W. Campbell Challenges in the analysis and simulation of benthic community patterns, by M.P. Johnson Fractal dimension estimation in studies of epiphytal and epilithic communities- strengths and weaknesses, by J. Davenport Rank-size analysis and vertical phytoplankton distribution patterns, by J.G. Mitchell An introduction to wavelets, by I.M. Dremin, Ivanov, O.V. and V.A. Nechitailo Fractal characterization of spatial distributions of plankton on Georges Bank, by K.E. Fisher, P.H. Wiebe and B.D. Malamud Orientation of sea fans perpendicular to the flow, by T.R. Osborn and G.K. Ostrader Why are large, delicate, gelatinous organisms so successful in the ocean's interior?, by T.R. Osborn and D. Barber Quantifying zooplankton swimming behavior: the question of scale, by L. Seuront, M.C. Brewer and J.R. Strickler Identification of iterations in copepod populations using a qualitative study of stage-structured population models, by S. Souissi and O. Bernard SIMULATION The importance of spatial scale in the modeling of aquatic ecosystems, by D.L. DeAngelis, W.M. Mooij and A. Basset Patterns in models of plankton dynamics in a heterogeneous environment, by H. Malchow, A.B. Medvinsky and S.V. Petrovskii Seeing the wood for the trees, and vice versa: pattern-oriented ecological modelling, by V. Grimm and U. Berger Spatial dynamics of a benthic community: applying multiple models to a single system, by D.D. Donalson, R.A. Desharnais, C.D. Robles and R. Nisbet Effects of Langmuir circulation on buoyant particles, by E. Skyllingstad Modeling of turbulent intermittency: multifractal stochastic processes and their simulation, by F.G. Schmitt An application of lognormal theory to moderate Reynolds number turbulent structures, by H. Yamazaki and K.D. Squires Numerical simulations of the flow field at the scale size of an individual copepod, by H. Jiang Can turbulence reduce the energy costs of hovering for planktonic organisms?, by H. Yamazaki, K.D. Squires and J.R. Strickler Utilising different levels of adaptation in individual-based modelling, by G. Huse and J. Giske Using multi-agent systems to develop individual based models for copepods: consequences of individual behavior and spatial heterogeneity on the emerging properties at the population scale, by S. Souissi, V. Ginot L. Seuront and S.I. Uye Modeling planktonic behavior as a complex adaptive system, by A.K. Yamazaki and D. Kamykowski Discrete events based Lagrangian approach as a tool for modelling predator prey interactions in the plankton, by P. Caparroy


We observed commensurability magnetoresistance arising from ballistic electron transport in a triangular antidot lattice of high-mobility graphene. For both the monolayer and bilayer, magnetoresistance peaks were observed at the commensurability magnetic fields of the cyclotron orbit with an antidot lattice. This condition was approximately unchanged for massless and massive Dirac fermions. The peaks appeared when the carrier mean free path was roughly larger than the lattice constant of the antidot, which indicates that the effect stems from the short-range characteristics of the carrier's scattering with antidots. We also found that the magnitude of the commensurability peak diminished with changing the gate voltages to the charge neutrality point. This arose from the screening of the charged impurity in graphene, which is dependent on the carrier density.


A mass and energy conservative modification of the standard finite-difference temporal discretisation of the moisture and heat transfer equations is introduced, and shown to yield excellent results: non-linear storage coefficients can no longer lead to faulty estimates of the moisture and heat storage. It is furthermore demonstrated that balanced application of different optimisation measures (simultaneous or alternating solution of transfer equations, Newton-Raphson on the boundary conditions and/or material properties, separate convergence and modified integration) can drastically reduce the computational cost of hygrothermal simulations, which significantly boosts their application potential.


In this paper we discuss the construction of a new ex- tension field of characteristic odd and analyze the complexity of arithmetic operations over such a field. Also we show that it is suitable for Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems(ECC) and Digital Signa- ture Algorithm(DSA, (7)) as an underlying field. In particular, our digital signature scheme is at least twice as ecient as DSA.


The specific work presents an optical and thermal investigation of a hybrid thermo-photovoltaic solar collector with an asymmetrical compound parabolic mirror. Such collectors offer an innovative and sustainable approach to address both the thermal and electrical demands of residents on islands using renewable sources of energy and thus reducing the dependency on fossil fuels. The main goal of this investigation involves an analysis of the prementioned type of solar collector, incorporating an innovative and cost-effective numerical modelling technique aiming to enhance comprehension of its energy and exergy performance. The optical performance of the collector was calculated first with ray tracing for the month of June, and the ideal slope was determined for the same month. After the optical analysis, the energy and exergy performance were both estimated by implementing a novel numerical method in both COMSOL and SolidWorks. Based on the optical analysis, it was determined that the most favorable inclination angle for achieving optimum optical efficiency on the mean day of June is 10°. The thermal analysis, focusing on thermal efficiency, showed a maximum deviation of 5.3% between the two solutions, which indicates the reliability of the method. The collector achieved a maximum thermal efficiency of 58.55% and a maximum exergy efficiency of 16.94%.


Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp.) is the most important pulse crop oc Madhya Pradesh and is severely damaged by pigeonpea pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa Mall.) and pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner). Monocrotophos (0.05%), endosulfan (0.07%), fenvalerate (0.01%), decamethrin (0.002%), (Coliar spray), parathion (2%) and BHC (10%) + D.D.T. (5%) (1:1) dusts @ 25 kgjha. were applied twice at 50% flowering and 15 days later to control these pests during 1986–87 and 1987–88 at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Powarkheda (M.P.) The results indicated that monocrotophos and endosulfaD successfully checked the pod and grain damage by pod fly and pod borer resulting in nigher yields of pigeonpea. These treatments gave a net profit of Rs. 3097 and Rs. 2545/- per na. respectively with a cost/benefit ratio of 1:5.5.


Using pure spinors, the superstring was recently quantized in a manifestly ten-dimensional super-Poincare covariant manner and a covariant prescription was given for tree-level scattering amplitudes. In this paper, we prove that this prescription is cyclically symmetric and, for the scattering of an arbitrary number of massless bosons and up to four massless fermions, it agrees with the standard Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz prescription.


This approach is focused on developing new tools for more efficient energy management at the end user, by following the SCUC requirements and general electrical grid regulation. This approach consists of the applying the object oriented modeling method helped by Java and scalable vector graphics for building a user/consumer level SCUC (CL-SCUC). The designed system goal is intending to create more flexible decision system at end user/consumer level. By using this setup, in this paper, the end user is defined as a class object connected to the grid via data which are stored in a server database. All other objects in the system are interconnected in the same way, so the CL-SCUC is not forced to take into account all network configurations. With own Java function, it only read updated data from the server, runs subclasses functions and SVG objects for following the user established tasks: maintenance coordination; tariff administration; reliability coordination; long-term planning; interconnection studies


mdash; The honeybees of southern Africa were assessed for expression of the trait, diploid eggs laid by workers, worker ovariole number, spermatheca size, worker size and allozymes of malate dehydrogenase. A m capensis is readily defined in terms of the first 2 of these traits and may further be separated from A m scutellata by a suite of biological characteristics associated with laying worker development and behaviour, queenless cell building, foraging, thermoregulation and docility. The Cape honeybee occurs in the fynbos biome along the southwest and south coasts of South Afri-