The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of effectiveness of internal control systems, compensation systems, and leadership styles to accounting fraud tendencies in Government sectors. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data was collected through questionnaire that given directly to officers from accounting or financing department including heads of financial sub section in Sukoharjo Government office. The data obtained were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that (1) effectiveness of internal control systems had a negative significant affect to accounting fraud tendencies, (2) compensation systems had not significantly but possitive affect to accounting fraud tendencies, and (3) leadership styles had not significantly but negative affect to accounting fraud tendencies.


Development of marine engine technology is driven increasingly by strict emissions regulations. Dual fuel technology which uses natural gas as supporting fuel is a smart solution due to it is cleaner, cheaper and can reduces dependency on fossil fuel oil. However the phenomenon of methane slip is the biggest challenges on applications of diesel – natural gas dual fuel engine. A large amount of fuel with poor oxygen especially when engine on low load condition make some parts of methane were unburned, these uncompleted combustion raises methane slip. Meanwhile crevice or dead volume in the cylinder make gas trapped and come out as exhaust gas without participating on combustion. It is evident that being the same greenhouse gases the effect of methane slip is more dangerous than CO2 causing global warming and climate change. This research was carried out experimentally to find out how the natural gas injection time affected on the combustion performance and methane slip. On this study, three variation pulse width as injection timing of natural gas 260° BTDC, 230° BTDC and 214° BTDC were investigated to single cylinder diesel engine on constant speed 2000 rpm. The pressure of gas injection was taken fixed 3 bar, while the pilot injection timing was constant at 18 BTDC. From 30 cycles analyzed at each injection time, a significant relationship was found between optimizing the gas injection time and the gas duration to the methane slip value. Backing the injection time towards the closing of the intake valve with the right injection duration can reduce the value of methane slip. Although the 260° BTDC injection time in this research is optimal compared to the others due to the CNG wasted due to the duration of the injection that passes through the intake valveDevelopment of marine engine technology is driven increasingly by strict emissions regulations. Dual fuel technology which uses natural gas as supporting fuel is a smart solution due to it is cleaner, cheaper and can reduces dependency on fossil fuel oil. However the phenomenon of methane slip is the biggest challenges on applications of diesel – natural gas dual fuel engine. A large amount of fuel with poor oxygen especially when engine on low load condition make some parts of methane were unburned, these uncompleted combustion raises methane slip. Meanwhile crevice or dead volume in the cylinder make gas trapped and come out as exhaust gas without participating on combustion. It is evident that being the same greenhouse gases the effect of methane slip is more dangerous than CO2 causing global warming and climate change. This research was carried out experimentally to find out how the natural gas injection time affected on the combustion performance and methane slip. On this study, three variation pulse...


By using affine-invariant shape descriptors, it is possible to recognize an unknown planar object from an image taken from an arbitrary view when standard view images of candidate objects exist in a database. In a previous study, an affine-invariant function calculated from the wavelet coefficients of the object boundary has been proposed. In this work, the invariant is constructed from the multiwavelet and (multi)scaling function coefficients of the boundary. Multiwavelets are known to have superior performance compared to scalar wavelets in many areas of signal processing due to their simultaneous orthogonality, symmetry, and short support properties. Going from scalar wavelets to multiwavelets is challenging due to the increased dimensionality of multiwavelets. This increased dimensionality is exploited to construct invariants with better performance when the multiwavelet "detail" coefficients are available. However, with (multi)scaling function coefficients, which are more stable in the presence of noise, scalar wavelets cannot be defeated.


The invention relates to a stretchable multifunctional detector and a preparation method thereof. The stretchable multifunctional detector comprises a zinc oxide nanowire array and a stretchable polyurethane fiber. According to the preparation method, the zinc oxide nanowire array is grown on the stretchable polyurethane fiber by a hydrothermal method to obtain the stretchable multifunctional detector. Compared with other sensors, the stretchable multifunctional detector of the invention has the characteristics of simple preparation, low cost, good product performance, easy operation, and the like, and can be embedded into clothes through a textile process. The stretchable multifunctional detector can be used in strain detection, temperature detection, respiratory frequency detection, ultraviolet detection, and the like, and has great application prospect in human health detection and intelligent medical service.


Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Background A. Network Security Standards and Cyber-attacks B. The FCC's Historical Role in Cybersecurity C. The FCC's Jurisdiction over the Internet D. The FCC's Ancillary Authority E. The FCC's Authority in the Context of Rapid Technological Change III. The FCC's Ancillary Authority to Promulgate Cybersecurity Standards A. Broadband Internet Service as Within the FCC's General Jurisdictional Grant B. Mandatory Cybersecurity Standards for ISPs as Reasonably Ancillary to the FCC's Statutory Responsibilities IV. The Decision to Regulate Cybersecurity of Internet Service Providers A. Deciding When to Regulate 1. Appropriate Considerations for Deciding When to Regulate 2. The Decision to Regulate Cybersecurity to Ensure Network Reliability B. Cost-Benefit Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 1. Principles of Cost-Benefit Analysis and Cost Effectiveness Analysis 2. Application to Cybersecurity Standards V. Conclusion I. Introduction In October 2012, Former Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta warned the nation of the potential for a "cyber Pearl Harbor" that would cause physical destruction and the loss of life. (1) "In fact, it would paralyze and shock the nation and create a new, profound sense of vulnerability," he stated gravely. (2) The attack could "be as destructive as the terrorist attack on 9/11." (3) While the Secretary's statements were arguably hyperbolic, (4) ineffective cybersecurity in the United States is a pressing problem, jeopardizing both national security and individual online safety. (5) Recent events clearly illustrate that cyber-attacks have become almost a daily part of life. Skilled attackers can use computer and network vulnerabilities to do everything from commit bank fraud to disrupt uranium enrichment. (6) Part of the reason for this vulnerability to cyber-attacks is the lack of uniform implementation of existing, authoritative network security standards for Internet service providers ("ISPs"), (7) a problem that persists because ISPs are under no obligation to implement these standards. (8) Together, these factors have created a market that often fails to provide adequate cybersecurity. (9) When a market fails to provide a necessary service, such as the guaranteed integrity of the communications network, the government can step in to fill the gap. This Note argues that the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") has the authority to require ISPs to implement network level cybersecurity measures to maintain the integrity and security of the networks. The FCC derives this power from its ancillary authority in Title I of the Communications Act of 1934 and its statutory mandates to ensure a reliable communications network and implement 9-1-1 service over VoIP. (10) To establish the FCC's authority in this area, this Note examines some of the causes of and partial solutions to cyber-attacks in relation to FCC authority. Part II gives background on network security and cyberattacks, and details the FCC's ancillary authority, which allows the FCC to promulgate regulations concerning technology over which it does not have a direct statutory mandate. Part III analyzes the FCC's ability to use its ancillary authority to require ISPs to implement cybersecurity standards, concluding that the FCC has jurisdiction to implement minimum standards because insufficient cybersecurity could catastrophically impact services the FCC oversees. Part IV considers whether the FCC should exercise its ancillary authority, determining that the market failure in cybersecurity vulnerability information and network reliability, together with the compelling need for a reliable communications system, justifies government regulation. The Note concludes with a brief discussion of the costs and benefits of potential regulation. …


In recent years,the status of electroless copper plating technique is rising constantly in surface treating industry,which is more and more extensive applied in several fields including electronics industry,mechanical industry,aerospace,etc.The investigation on the mechanism of electroless copper plating and process improvement have become one of the most interesting topics.In this paper,the general situation and the recent research progress of electroless copper plating were introduced.Some new advanced technologies were reviewed.The future research directions were presented.


1 Copyright © 2009 Vector Informatik GmbH Contact Information: www.vector.com or ++49-711-80 670-0 1.0 Overview ..........................................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Basic Concept of System Modelling ................................................................................................................3 3.0 Advantages of System Simulation ...................................................................................................................5 3.1 Modelling a System.......................................................................................................................................5 3.2 Automated Testing ........................................................................................................................................5 3.3 Evaluation of Communication Channels .......................................................................................................6 3.4 Busload .........................................................................................................................................................6 3.5 Device Performance......................................................................................................................................6 3.6 Distributed Development Process with Suppliers .........................................................................................6 3.7 Device Design ...............................................................................................................................................7 4.0 Reference Applications....................................................................................................................................7 4.1 Automotive Body Electronics ........................................................................................................................7 4.2 Agriculture Electronics...................................................................................................................................7 4.3 Public Community Vehicles...........................................................................................................................8 4.4 Education ......................................................................................................................................................9 4.5 Railway Applications .....................................................................................................................................9 4.6 Embedded Applications: Door Environment .................................................................................................9 4.7 Cabs, Police Cars and other special Cars ..................................................................................................10 5.0 Questions and Answers.................................................................................................................................10 5.1 How much effort is it to set-up a project?....................................................................................................10 5.2 What is the Relationship to Mathematical Simulation Systems? ................................................................11 5.3 Does CANoe help me debugging my Device?............................................................................................12 5.4 Does CANoe help in Error Searching in a Network? ..................................................................................12 5.5 Can I do Online Evaluation of Data?...........................................................................................................12 5.6 How do I observe Problems while fast Traffic?...........................................................................................12 5.7 How do I talk with my Devices? ..................................................................................................................12 5.8 Does CANoe support reproducible Stimulation? ........................................................................................12 5.9 Is there a Reference Background Busload available? ................................................................................13 5.10 What about Protocol Testing?.....................................................................................................................13 6.0 Contacts.........................................................................................................................................................13


This paper presents, develops and compares Gaussian Mixture Filter (GMF) methods for hybrid positioning. The key idea of the developed method is to approximate the prior density as a Gaussian mixture with a small number of mixture components. We show why it is sometimes reasonable to approximate a Gaussian prior with a multicomponent Gaussian mixture. We also present both simulated and real data tests of different filters in different scenarios. Simulations show that GMF gives better accuracy than Extended Kalman Filter with lower computational requirements than Particle Filter, making it a reasonable algorithm for the hybrid positioning problem.


Urinary stress incontinence is often related to cystocele, hence treatment cannot exclude correction of the latter. The authors have treated 2nd-3rd grade cystocele secondary to central impairment using a mininvasive technique consisting of a vaginal flap suspended anteriorly to the pubic tubercles, according to the traditional "Vesica kit" procedure, and posteriorly to the iliopubic branches in line with the Cooper ligaments using "Vesica kit" screws inserted through the abdominal wall under videolaparoscopy after creating a pneumo-Retzius space. Whenever a pneumo-Retzius cannot be created due to previous pelvic surgery, the same operation may be performed either through a small sovrapubic incision or by inserting 4 screws in line with the pubis. After 1 year the 20 operated patients show satisfying results with good prospects, but a longer follow-up is necessary to confirm these results. The aim of this study is to describe a mininvasive surgical technique for treating 2nd-3rd grade cystocele, associated or not with urinary stress incontinence.


The stress relaxation behavior of polyurethane elastomer and short polyester fiber filled elastomer composites with and without bonding agents at different strain levels and strain rates was studied. It was found that these compounds exhibit a multistage relaxation mechanism and that the rate of relaxation and cross-over time depend on the strain level and strain rate. The incorporation of fibers reduced the stage-I relaxation rate and increased the cross-over time of the gum vulcanisate. A higher rate of relaxation (first stage) was shown by the composites with longitudinal fiber orientation and composites with bonding agents.


The objective of the present invention is to provide: a resin composition for FRP, which is capable of suppressing whitening of fiber bundles; an FRP sheet; and a molded body. A resin composition for FRP according to the present invention is a resin composition that is impregnated into a reinforcing sheet, which is formed from fibers, for the formation of an FRP. This resin composition for FRP is characterized by containing: methyl methacrylate which serves as a main component; a methyl methacrylate polymer; a polymerization initiator; and dendrimer (meth)acrylate or glycidyl (meth) acrylate, which serves as a monomer. An FRP sheet according to the present invention is an FRP sheet which is provided with a matrix and a reinforcing sheet that is formed from fibers and is present within the matrix. This FRP sheet is characterized in that the matrix contains a cured body of the above-described resin composition for FRP.


Statistic analysis on the visit customer source by 《Literature Evaluation Statisticses and Analytical System of Chinese Academic Periodicals》,is advantageous to understanding propagation range and kynamics at home and abroad,is advantageous to understanding the social influence and academic influence,comparison and analysis in Horizontal and Vertical aspects,evaluates periodical academic position.


This paper derives the cost-of-living index of an individual who faces imperfect and costly information about prices. Traditional cost-of-living in dexes assume that the consumer passively accepts prices as given. The authors derive a multiprice search model in which the consumer choos es the search strategy that minimizes the expected cost of buying a g iven level of utility. In contrast to existing search models, the mod el allows the consumer to change the allocation of expenditures among goods as information about prices changes and enables them to constr uct a cost-of-living index for an agent who searches across distribut ions of offer prices. Unlike traditional cost-of-living measures that ignore search behavior, the searcher's cost-of-living index depends on search costs. Copyright 1987 by University of Chicago Press.


Instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) has been referenced in the larger field of the SLA literature for over two and a half decades. Currently, there are several theoretical underpinnings accounting for processes assumed to play a role in ISLA and quite an impressive number of studies have empirically addressed some aspect(s) of ISLA. Recently, a lengthy and relatively cohesive treatise of this substrand of SLA research in relation to both theoretical, empirical, and pedagogical perspectives has been published in two books (cf. Leow, 2015a; Loewen, 2015), and a new model of the L2 learning process in ISLA has been proposed (Leow, 2015a). These publications are timely and important given that the concept of ISLA not only needs to be clearly defined but also situated contextually. To this end, this article (a) revisits current definitions of ISLA in the SLA literature with the aim of identifying specific features of ISLA that underlie such definitions, (b) deconstructs ISLA by probing deeper into what comprises the terms instructed and SLA in ISLA, (c) provides a brief summary of the cognitive processes and variables postulated by the theoretical underpinnings of ISLA and pertinent empirical research, (d) recommends that ISLA be observed from one curricular approach together with its empirical and pedagogical ramifications, and (e) provides some measure of direction future ISLA research may follow.


Impaired renal function is common in patients with advanced cirrhosis and is associated with poor outcomes. There is large amount of evidence about the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. In addition, pre-transplant kidney dysfunction adversely affects post-transplantation outcomes.


The increasing size of wind farms requires power system stability analysis including dynamic models of wind Power generation. Nowadays, the most widely used generator type for units above 1MW is the doubly-fed induction machine. The behavior of these machines during grid failure is an important issue. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the dynamic behavior of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) during a single phase fault is proposed. MATLAB/Simulink is implemented to build the dynamic model of DFIG. Simulation results verify that, rotor voltage and stator flux in phase which fault occurs, decrease exponentially according to the stator time constant. A detailed comparison between single-phase and three-phase voltage dip is also investigated. It is widely proved that, when fault occurs, the rotor voltage is faced with hazardous condition, so a crowbar is utilized in order to limit these adverse voltages. I. INTRODUCTION Renewable energy has been becoming a topic of great interest and investment in the world due to the concerns about emissions from fossil and depletion of fossil fuel resources [1]. Wind energy is one of the best renewable energies which is accessible to provide a sustainable supply to the world development [2]. By the end of 2003, the total installed capacity of the wind turbines has reached as much as 39.234 GW and will exceed 110 GW by the year of 2012 [3, 15]. The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has the largest world market share of wind turbine concept since the year 2002 because of its ability to provide variable speed operation and independent active and reactive power control in a cost-effective way [4]. Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) has become a widely used generator type in wind energy conversion. Compared to a full rated converter system, the use of DFIG in a wind turbine offers many advantages, such as: reduction of inverter cost, the potential to control torque and a slight increase in efficiency of wind energy extraction [5]. Since the stator of the DFIG is directly


Abstract Ion-sieve (microporous) type manganese oxide (HMnO) was prepared by acid treatment of lithium-introduced manganese oxide which was obtained from γ-type manganese oxide and lithium hydroxide. The HMnO showed high selectivity for lithium ions in seawater. The maximum lithium uptake by the HMnO from seawater reached 7.8 mg/g which corresponded to a lithium content of 1.7% as Li2O. The adsorbed lithium could be easily eluted with 0.01 or 0.05 M hydrochloric acid solution. The adsorptive capacity for lithium ion scarcely changed during five repetitions of the adsorption-elution cycle. The column test was carried out by using granulated HMnO which was prepared with polyacrylic hydrazide as a binder.


This paper describes the alignment system for the eight-beam CO2 laser, Helios, which is now being used in the study of compression and heating of targets as a step toward determining the feasibility of laser-initiated fusion for commercial power generation. The laser system reached design point output of 10 kJ at powers in excess of 20 TW in June 1978.


5-axis flank milling is applied extensively in aerospace, die-molds, and automotive industries because of high efficient material removal rate. Commercial CAM software can only simulate the tool path and collision at present, but cannot handle with cutting force during cutting process due to the variable geometrical cutter workpiece engagement (CWE) region of 5-axis milling. This paper presents a novel solid analytical model for extracting the CWE maps. The CWE is obtained analytically by performing Boolean operations between the cutter and inprocess-workpiece (IPW) at any given cutter location (CL) point, instead of using the cutter and the removal volume. The proposed process simulation method could identify the CWE efficiently and precisely for general cutting tools. Finally, the CWE boundaries are mapped from a 3D space into a 2D plane defined by the immersion angle and the axial depth of a given cutter. The proposed solution can be easily integrated into the CAM software for predicting milling force and optimizing parameters in 5-axis milling.


Evidence about the relationship between exposure to media violence and criminal activity remains mixed. While some scholars argue that exposure to violent media contents "triggers" crime and aggression, others contend that media may influence crime, but only as a source of information about techniques and styles (copycat), not as a motivation for crime. This debate has critical implications for criminal justice academics as calls for policy are regularly made on the bases of research in this area. This article contributes to this literature by presenting detailed, not self-reported, empirical evidence of how media coverage of violent crimes affects crimes perpetrated by drug traffickers at the USMexico border, and their crime style. With an empirical model that addresses possible bidirectionalities between criminal violence and media coverage, we tracked 31,676 homicides, its stylistic characteristics, and its coverage by the press. Our results show that when media covers criminal violence it influences the probability that other criminals use similar styles of crimes, but it does not change overall rates of criminal activity. This is evidence against the"trigger" hypothesis, and in favor of "copycat" effects.


Yiming Qian, MD,* Jean Seely, MD, Shaheed Hakim, MD, Bruce M. Jamison, MDCM, and Angel Arnaout, MD *Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Breast Imaging, Ottawa Hospital Women's Breast Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada


One of the most serious disadvantages of the vertical takeoff and landing flying robots including multicopters is the necessity of the flat stable area for safe landing. The ability to land and takeoff from uneven surfaces and moving basements would help the rotorcrafts in many important applications. The special landing gears are used to provide rotorcrafts this ability. This letter explores multicopter landing on uneven surfaces using a novel adaptive landing platform DroneGear. The DroneGear contains four compliant robotic legs of two degrees of freedom each. The innovative optical torque sensor is integrated into the knee joint of each leg to provide timely adaptation to rough terrain in an unknown environment. Additionally, inertial measurement unit is embedded into the passive footpad of each leg for estimation of relief profile in the landing zone. The results of the experiments show that the DroneGear can be successfully used for the safe hexacopter landing on the different angle slopes, plane, step surfaces, and for terrain profile estimation as well.


Optical microcavities have been widely employed for sensing and detection, because of their ultrasensitive responsiveness to surrounding environment. Here we report an active disk-shaped whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity fabricated from a water-sensitive material of dye-doped PEG-DA hydrogel through two-photon polymerization. We demonstrate that as the environment humidity changes the microcavity can homogenously expand or shrink to keep the disk-shaped structure, producing stable WGM lasing emissions. We further show that the WGM wavelength of the microlaser shifts linearly as the humidity increases from 25% to 65%, resulting in a wavelength variation of about 1.72 nm, which indicates that the stretchable microlaser can be acted as a humidity sensor. Due to the "smart" response of humidity and biocompatibility of PEG-DA hydrogel material, our results provide a way to the design and fabrication of flexible PEG-DA hydrogel biochips for biomedical applications.


Malware presents a major threat to the security of computer systems, smart devices, and applications. It can also endanger sensitive data by modifying or destroying them. Thus, electronic exchanges through different communicating entities can be compromised. However, currently used signature-based methods cannot provide accurate detection of zero-day attacks, polymorphic and metamorphic programs which have the ability to change their code during propagation. In order to solve this issue, static and dynamic malware analysis is being used along with machine learning algorithms for malware detection and classification. Machine learning methods play an important role in automated malware detection. Several approaches have been applied to classify and to detect malware. The most challenging task is selecting a relevant set of features from a large dataset so that the classification model can be built in less time with higher accuracy. The purpose of this work is firstly to make a general review on the existing classification and detection methods, and secondly to develop an automated system to detect malicious Portable Executable files based on their headers with low performance and more efficiency. Experimental results will be presented for the best classifier selected in this study, namely Random Forest; accuracy and time performance will be discussed.


The Oligo-Miocene volcano-sedimentary succession of central Sardinia is composed by five ignimbritic units, mostly emplaced in subaerial environments. These units are locally interbedded with the so-called Asuni Unit (ASU; Assorgia et al., 1995), a volcano-sedimentary complex mainly emplaced in sub-aqueous environments. A similar unit is the Allai Unit (ALU; Assorgia et al., 1995), which consists of several overlapping ash and pumice flows, emplaced over a short period of time in a subaerial depositional environment. Mineralogical composition of ALU is akin to that of ASU, but the welding degree is different. Both units are characterized by a zeolitization process, which leads to crystallization of mordenite + clinoptilolite (± analcime) association as main secondary phases. Recent studies have pointed out a quite widespread late zeolite crystallization affecting volcanic deposits of central Sardinia, and mostly related to a transformation process of glassy components (Cappelletti et al., 2001; Brotzu et al., 2006; Palomba et al., 2006). This work deals with a detailed study of the distribution of main secondary phases occurring in ASU and ALU, aimed to infer the role of different depositional environments in the minerogenetic processes. Then, 27 representative stratigraphic sequences of these units have been sampled in a NW-SE area located between the villages of Asuni and Allai.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether awareness to climate change and its adverse impacts have any significant linkages to behavioral changes amongst individual managers who undertake initiatives to minimize/mitigate the impacts.Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical framework based on different aspects of awareness possibly leading to behavior change has been proposed. Subsequently, the results from an empirical research based on a survey questionnaire as research instrument, are analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to validate the framework and the research question.Findings – Awareness to the climate change phenomenon does lead to significant behavioral change amongst managers in the industry, alleviating the potential and existing threats of climate change phenomenon. In particular, the awareness to health impacts of climate change has significantly impacted individuals taking up the cause to lead climate change campaigns to counter i...


According to the open color management standards formulated by International Color Consortium ICC, we created the device profile of digital printing, and realized color management of Package digital printing.


Background: Knee joint effusion is a common adverse event after arthroscopic procedures and its prevention is crucial to achieve better clinical outcomes, such as pain relief, improved range of movement and global satisfaction. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare joint effusion after partial arthroscopic meniscectomy between a common postoperative management and a short period in deep flexion. Methods: A prospective study randomizes 62 patients who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy into 2 groups of postoperative care: compression elastic bandage with elevation for 24 hours (compression group) versus immediate postoperative deep flexion for 2 hours (flexion group). Clinical evaluation of effusion was made at 24 hours, 7 days and 1-month post-surgery. Results: Overall at 24 hours patients showed 53% absent effusion, 35% minimum, 11% had mild or more severe effusion. Effusion rates in the compression group were 13%, 10% and 0%; in the flexion group 10%, 6.4% and 0%, at 24 hours, 7 days and 1 month, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between them (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In the studied population, position of the knee in deep flexion had similar influence in effusion outcomes than a standard widely used treatment, offering an alternative in the postoperative care of the patients.


The artificial breeding of Pinctada maxima from Indonesia were carried out in Leizhou,Zhanjiang city of Guangdong Province during the period of April 10 to October 27 in 2010.The experiment conditions were as follows: the temperature,salinity and pH value of seawater were 24.0℃-30.0℃,30.8-32.5 and 8.0-8.3 respectively,the artificial promoting maturation of Pinctada maxima was fed by algae such as Chaetoceros muelleri,Platymonas subcordiformis,Chaetoceros muelleri and Platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella spp.,and mingled natural unicellular algae.The result showed that there was not significant difference in percentage of maturation,spawning and fertilization between adults fed by different kinds of algae.The adults can be stimulated to spawn by temperature variation,exposition in the air,and cultivation in mobile water.The metamorphosis rate can be increased by collecting robust larvae and using suitable collectors.


Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANETs) is a sub class of mobile ad-hoc network (MANETs). The design for efficient routing protocols for VANETs (city environment) is important and necessary issue for support the smart intelligent transportation system (ITS). The main difference between VANET and MANET is the special mobility pattern and rapidly changeable topology. Providing greater efficiency in city environment has a great role in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Due to more obstacles in city environment, most of the existing protocol fails to provide greater efficiency. This paper proposes a new ad hoc routing scheme called Anchor bus based street and traffic aware routing (ABSTAR), designed specifically for performance improvement in highly mobile environment of VANETs (city environment). This ABSTAR inherits the characters of geographic routing and also contains additional features such as choose a route with the smallest number of buses as possible between various source and destination.


The pulling and arching supporting structure in deep foundation pit has been used widely in many deep foundation pit projects due to its economy, reliability, speed and simplicity. Based on the character of the engineering geological condition and surrounding of the Beijing Metro enlarging project, the pulling and arching supporting structure was designed for it. This paper expounds the design scheme and construction techniques in a detailed way. The project practice and technical and economical appraisals indicate that the design scheme is feasible and economical as well and that this structure can ensure the safety and stability in deep foundation pit projects with its unique advantage.


Ship motion prediction is applied to the ship maneuvering to keep the motion attitude stable all the time, which is of great practical significance to the safety and efficiency of the sailing and shipboard equipment operation. However, ship motion is a complex time-varying nonlinear process, which varies with sailing conditions and environmental factors. Long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning model provides a potential way for nonlinear ship motion prediction due to its powerful capability in nonlinearity processing. Determination of a reasonable dimension of the input vector and output vector is critical in training the LSTM model. The input vector represents the hidden time autocorrelation in random ship motion, and the output vector is used to evaluate the prediction performance. Therefore, a ship motion prediction synthesis method based on multi-layer LSTM model is proposed. In the Bohai Sea, China, the original motion data are obtained and used as the basis for analysis and demonstration. Inevitably, there is high-frequency noise interference and low-frequency certain trend in the measured data. Low pass filtering and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) methods are used to remove noise. Based on the multi-layer LSTM model, the ship motion data under different speed conditions are analyzed, and the optimal relationship between input vector and output vector is investigated. Numerical results show that this method can improve the prediction result, and realize the prediction function for 20 timestep. This research is of great practicability for ensuring the safety of navigation and improving the efficiency of maritime operations and the intellectualization level of ships.


EFFECT OF THE CALCIUM FRACTIONATION AND LIMESTONE PARTICLE SIZE ON PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY OF WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYING HENS This study was carried out to evaluate the performance and internal and external egg qualities of white commercial laying hens fed diets with different calcium levels and limestone particle sizes. Two hundred seventy ISA-Babcock B-300N hens, 40 weeks of age, were used by four – 28 days period. The experimental design was randomly in a 3x3 factorial arrangement: calcium fractionation (2g Ca morning + 2g Ca afternoon, 1g Ca morning + 3g Ca afternoon, 3g Ca morning + 1g Ca afternoon) and limestone particle size (blended, coarse and fine) with a total of nine treatments with five replicates of six hens each. Performance characteristics were not influenced by the treatments, except feed intake and calcium intake. It was observed higher calcium and feed intake for hens fed 3g Ca in the morning. Also, in the afternoon was verified higher calcium and feed intake for hens fed 3g Ca. There was no effect of the treatments on total daily intake. The limestone particle size improved egg specific gravity when blended or coarse particle size was benefical to eggshell quality. The calcium fractionation did not show be adventageous. However, further researches are indicate to evaluate other nutrients fractionation as phosphorus, energy, and protein.


Superconducting ultrathin films grown epitaxially onto crystalline substrates exhibit strained epitaxial growth due to lattice mismatch, which can have a significant effect on their superconducting properties. We present a complete correlation of the surface morphology, crystal growth, strain, microstructure, and superconducting properties in single-crystal Nb(110) thin films sputter deposited on a-plane sapphire substrates. Notably, we observe that the lattice mismatch between Nb and sapphire induces the formation of a hexagonal surface structure during the first three atomic layers. This is followed by a strained bcc Nb(110) phase whose in-plane lattice parameter progressively relaxes to bulk value. Similar lattice relaxation was also observed in the direction perpendicular to the interface using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Significant perpendicular strain in films up to 30 nm thick was found to ultimately affect the superconducting properties of the Nb thin films...


PURPOSE: A data service device using a wireless VoIP terminal device and a method therefor are provided to convert a wireless VoIP terminal device into a WLAN or a Bluetooth adapter, and to interwork the converted terminal device with a device that does not have a data service interface, thereby easily expanding a data network. CONSTITUTION: An RF portion(100) performs modulation/demodulation processes for wireless transceiving. An MAC/baseband processor(103) controls the RF portion(100), and processes analog data by carrying out a wireless protocol. A controller(104) controls a wireless physical layer when a mode is selected according to a user interface program. A wired interface portion(105) is determined whether to operate by the controller(104), and is connected to a terminal or a device that does not have an interface for a data service. A key input portion(107) inputs a user command. A display(108) displays service usage situations.


Inhalational induction is the preferred technique in paediatrics so as to ensure a pleasant induction,rapid recovery and minimal complications.Isoflurane with the advantage of low blood solubility, stability of cardiac rhythm and reduced potential for organ toxicity is advantageous over halothane.However its assosciation with increased airway problems and hypoxia during induction in unpremedicated children is deterrent .This may be prevented by rectal premedication by thiopentone (5%). This study was carried out in a group of 40 peadiatric patients aged from 1-8 years posted for elective paediatric, plastic and orthopaedic surgical procedure, belonging to ASA grade I and II. Aim is to determine the effectivenss of rectal thiopentone as premedication for inahalational inducation with isoflurane.The parameters that were compared were preinduction deamanour,oxygen saturation preinduction with and without premedication,mean lowest oxygen saturation during induction, airway problems,post operative recovery. Statistical analysis is done by paired t test. The conclusion drawn was that rectal thiopentone premedication significantly reduces the incidence and severity of airway complications and quality of induction during inhalational induction with isoflurane. There was significant fall in the preinduction pulse rate following rectal thiopentone premedication.


A lithology-independent method of well logging to estimate the pore size within a formation containing natural gas. The method makes use of a pulsed NMR logging tool utilizing a recovery time that is greater than the relaxation time of hydrocarbon gas within the formation. In a preferred embodiment, two different NMR logs are obtained: one with a recovery time significantly shorter than the longitudinal relaxation time, T1, of the gas and one with a recovery time equal to or longer than T1. The amplitudes of the two logs are subtracted to determine a restricted diffusion coefficient of the gas. The restricted diffusion coefficient can then be used to estimate pore size and permeability of the formation by means of a relationship between measured restricted diffusion coefficient, surface to volume ratio, and estimated bulk diffusion ratio of the gas.


Large-scale distributed generation (DG) accessing to the distribution network (DN), will affect the distribution network equipment utilization rate (DNEUR). However, at present, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the effect of DG connected to grid on the comprehensive evaluation of DNEUR. Hence, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of DNEUR, according to the characteristics of DG power generation and the influence of DG connected to grid on the DNEUR. Comprehensive evaluation system includes six aspects: power supply reliability, safety criterion, grid structure, load characteristics, grid construction margin and equipment load capacity. In order to overcome the limitations of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy weight method, a new AHP-entropy weight combination weighting method based on Pignistic probability distance optimal evidence synthesis is proposed. And on this basis, a comprehensive evaluation model is constructed. Finally, the operation data of five typical regions are used to verify the model. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the influence of deviation from the expert weight. In the process of AHP-entropy weighting, the weight of the subjective and objective weights is adjusted scientifically according to the optimization results.


The principle of Time Reversal Duality is introduced and applied to dc-dc converters. Ele- mentary inverters and rectifiers are time reversal duals of each other. When coupled together by a reactive matching network a de-dc converter is formed, whose properties are determined largely by the matching network. This approach has application in the analysis and synthesis of PWM, resonant, quasi-resonant and multi-resonant converters. It is employed here to synthesise a Cuk converter, and a Double Class E de-dc converter in which the switch and diode both operate in Class E. The converter is ideally lossless for any de load including open and short circuit. I. INTRODUCTION Duality is a powerful tool to assist in the understanding and synthesis of power converters. This has been amply demonstrated in the case of the conventional duality between voltage and current. In this paper another duality principle is intro- duced, namely time reversal duality. Here the waveforms of a pair of circuits are reflected versions of each other, resulting in opposing directions of energy flow. The principle whereby the flow of energy is reversed does not seem to have been linked to the idea of time reversal before. The application of time reversal duality will here be restricted to a class of two-ports to be termed elementary rectifiers and inverters. Such two-ports may be interconnected with the aid of matching networks to generate a wide range of dc-dc converters that includes the six basic PWM topolo-


The concept of 'Employee Engagement' is rapidly gaining popularity and use in the workplace. Engagement may be a global construct as it appears to be a combination of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and intention to stay. Indeed, some argue that engagement is a multidimensional construct, in that employees could be emotionally, cognitively or physically engaged. The research on Employee engagement was qualitative and quantitative in nature. Analysis was done on the results and correlation done to the propositions and the literature. The findings identified employee engagement strategy, the culture of engagement, leadership and management, talent mindset, communication and knowledge, sharing and organizations' reputation and branding as prominent factors in business.


Our world is facing some drastic changes in the climatic conditions due to the heating effect caused by various greenhouse gases and is increasing at an uncontrolled rate. The people working underground are generally caught unawares of the hazardous gas emission around the locality. Hence an effective sensing and communicating system is required to effectively monitor and alert the neighborhood to save them. This paper aims in finding out a way to quantitatively measure the hazardous gas molecules. The gravimetric sensor works by absorbing the chemical in a polymer, which alters the overall mass of the sensing element i.e a cantilever, thereby its resonant frequency. Here a micro-cantilever beam is fabricated using selective coatings on the surface to selectively absorb the hazardous gases. As the gases are absorbed the mass increases and hence resonant frequency changes. This change in frequency gives the measure of the quantity of gas present in that environment. The major expected advantage of this technique would be the portability, sensitivity, repeatability and economic cost of the sensor that is used.


The invention discloses a kind of device for being used to measure electrochemical parameter under metal cavitation corrosion state, including ultrasonic generator and electrochemical measurement system;Ultrasonic generator includes control flow, transducer, supersonic generator, the ultrasonic transformer being sequentially connected;Electrochemical measurement system includes working electrode, reference electrode, auxiliary electrode, base, copper rod, Luggin capillary, Tao Xin;On working electrode firm banking, in reference electrode lower end insertion Luggin capillary;Reference electrode and auxiliary electrode are fixed on guide rail;Ultrasonic transformer and working electrode are connected in electrolytic cell, and screw rod is provided with ultrasonic transformer, circulation is provided with electrolytic cell.The present invention has cavitation corrosion concurrently and occurred and electrochemical measurement function; impact vacuole is produced using supersonic oscillations; and Conventional electrochemical measuring system part is transformed, the real-time collection of electrochemical parameter under cavitation corrosion state is realized, to electrochemical techniques are had great importance applied to cavitation corrosion Protective strategy.


The low-energy charge excitations of a doped antiferromagnetic ladder are modeled by a system of interacting spinless fermions that live on the same ladder. A relatively large spin gap is assumed to ``freeze out'' all spin fluctuations. We find that the formation of rung hole pairs coincides with the opening of a single-particle gap for charge excitations along chains and with the absence of coherent tunneling in between chains. We also find that such hole pairs condense into either a crystalline or superconducting state as a function of the binding energy.


The Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) consists of assigning n facilities to n locations so as to minimize the total weighted cost of interactions between facilities. The QAP arises in many diverse settings, is known to be NP-hard, and can be solved to optimality only for fairly small size instances (typically, n ≤ 25). Neighborhood search algorithms are the most popular heuristic algorithms to solve larger size instances of the QAP. The most extensively used neighborhood structure for the QAP is the 2-exchange neighborhood. This neighborhood is obtained by swapping the locations of two facilities and thus has size O(n). Previous efforts to explore larger size neighborhoods (such as 3-exchange or 4-exchange neighborhoods) were not very successful, as it took too long to evaluate the larger set of neighbors. In this paper, we propose very largescale neighborhood (VLSN) search algorithms where the size of the neighborhood is very large and we propose a novel search procedure to heuristically enumerate good neighbors. Our search procedure relies on the concept of improvement graph which allows us to evaluate neighbors much faster than the existing methods. We present extensive computational results of our algorithms on standard benchmark instances. These investigations reveal that very large-scale neighborhood search algorithms give consistently better solutions compared the popular 2exchange neighborhood algorithms considering both the solution time and solution accuracy. 1 Ravindra K. Ahuja, Industrial and Systems Engg., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. 2 Krishna C. Jha, Industrial and Systems Engg., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. 3 James B. Orlin, Sloan School of Management, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 4 Dushyant Sharma, Operations Research Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.


NT-proBNP is associated with several indexes of cardiac and vascular subclinical disease, but its role in screening for asymptomatic cardiovascular involvement is still debated.

810 asymptomatic people without previous cardiovascular disease underwent laboratory assessment with NT-proBNP, echocardiography and CCS and CIMT evaluation by CT and neck echography, respectively. Asymptomatic cardiovascular involvement was defined by one among LVEF 15 and/or LV mass index >115 in men or >95 g/m2 in women, LV end diastolic diameter >55 mm, CCS >400AU or CIMT >0.9 mm.

31%, 10%, 6%, 5%, 25% and 8% of subjects presented LV hypertrophy, E/E' 55 mm, CIMT >0.9 mm and CCS >400 A.U., respectively. Subjects with at least one index of cardiovascular involvement (331, 40%) showed lower hemoglobin, BMI and eCrCl with higher 10 yrs. Framingham risk score and NT-proBNP (61; 34-103 vs. 37; 22-79 ng/L, p<0.01). NT-proBNP showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of cardiac and/or vascular involvement (Figure 1). AUC for prediction of both heart and vascular involvement (0.692; 0.647-0.738) by NT-proBNP was significantly higher than AUC for separate prediction of cardiac (0.588; 0.591-0.634) or vascular (0.544; 0.480-0.609) involvement (p<0.01 for both comparisons). NT-proBNP was higher in subjects with both cardiac and vascular involvement. At multivariate analysis, with age and lower eCrCl, NT-proBNP (OR 1.977, 95% CI: 1.465-2.668, p<0.01) was an independent predictor of asymptomatic cardiovascular involvement.

![Figure][1]

Figure 1

NT-proBNP predicts both cardiac and vascular subclinical involvement in an asymptomatic population, likely representing an important screening tool assessing global cardiovascular health.

 [1]: pending:yes


Metallomics and metallome are newly coined terms. Metallomics and research on metallome require analytical techniques that can provide information for the identification and quantification of metal species. This concept has been named speciation, and the acquisition of data according to this concept is performed with hyphenated techniques involving both separation and detection methods. In this paper, the author intended to present a newly developed technique ; multi-mode gel filtration capillary HPLC was evaluated regarding applications to nano level speciation, which is named nano-speciation. In addition, several applications of a complementary use of HPLC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and HPLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for selenometabolomics were presented.


Startups have attracted increased attention over the past years. While entrepreneurs develop startups to capture new business opportunities, also large companies are turning to these fast-growing organizations in efforts to become more agile. However, managing business model innovation and validation is challenging. A number of methodologies, like the Lean Startup (LS), emerged to reduce uncertainties concerning innovation-based projects, and to contribute to business model validation. Despite its popularity, the literature on the LS and its key underpinnings (Agile Methodologies and Customer Development) is sparse, lacking an integrated and structured analysis of their impacts and potentialities. The paper aims to discuss this issue.,The authors conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review on the topic fully analyzing a final set of 71 papers.,There is a turning point in the research stream's maturity with publications in conferences and major journals, with the predominance of empirical investigations in the European region. Articles on the topic are on the rise in several technology fields. However, the literature on the subject falls short on providing guidance to assist practitioners and scholars on the adoption and investigation of these methodologies.,The paper provides guidance for practice by presenting a staircase roadmap for the LS implementation drawing from the final set of papers reviewed.,The study categorizes the current literature through a concept map, and offers a structured research agenda beyond the categories from the thematic analysis.


Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is badly affected by traffic congestion and the situation is deteriorating day by day. In order to minimize traffic congestion, we need to investigate traffic pattern of this mega city and identify the factors that are responsible for high traffic intensity. However, only a few researches have been conducted to find out the reasons behind Dhaka city's acute traffic congestion. Most of those researches were survey based, thus, prone to perception and human intervention. In this research, we have used Global Positioning System (GPS) data in order to analyze Dhaka city's traffic pattern. We have considered 13 DPZ (Detailed Planning Zone) zones proposed by RAJUK, the city development authority of Bangladesh for traffic modeling. Computational methods are employed to find the similarities among clusters. We consider both intra zonal road segments in a zone and inter zonal road segments that connect two or more different zones. Land use pattern is also investigated to find out the traffic variability among zones. A graph is produced to visualize overall traffic scenario of Dhaka city, where the traffic intensity is measured by GPS dataset.


The emphasis from ABET to integrate the design experience across the curriculum has initiated a call for action to engineering departments across the country. This challenges engineering educators to include design in a wide variety of engineering courses and to prevent this emphasis from foreshadowing the subject material of each course. A comprehensive approach is needed where the design work is not a separate entity, but rather is an additional tool which can be used to teach the fundamentals of engineering. This paper reports on the advances of one institution in responding to the call to integrate design across the engineering curriculum. The U.S. Coast Guard Academy (USCGA) has established a design philosophy that treats design education as a developmental process to be practiced during each of the four undergraduate years. To put that philosophy into practice, the USCGA has restructured the engineering curriculum to ensure that students experience design content in their courses each year. This viewpoint of design as a developmental process is consistent with the broad educational objectives of the institution. This paper presents examples of design work from courses in each year of the students' education to illustrate the variety of design problems used to incorporate design across the curriculum. The experiences at the U. S. Coast Guard Academy have been positive and indicate the design across the curriculum initiative can be implemented without drastically impacting faculty workload.


It is difficult to weld the chassis' frame.The new program was put forward to carry out the improvements on the bonding technology for the deformation of the chassis'solders.The result applying from theoretical analysis and reality equally indicates that it can reduce the welding deformation greatly,and enhances the efficiency at the same time.


Thank you very much for downloading one catholic and apostolic samuel seabury and the early episcopal church. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this one catholic and apostolic samuel seabury and the early episcopal church, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


Summary Faults in 3D seismic volumes are identified with a machine learning approach. For this task, a 3D convolutional neural network (3DCNN) is designed to produce a heat map of fault locations in a given seismic volume. Then, the heat map yields fault picks that can be used for building fault planes and surfaces. Using 3D convolutional filters, as opposed to 2D, allows the algorithm to extract a feature set for classification that merges information from all dimensions available. This ability translates in better prediction accuracy. The 3DCNN incorporates batch normalization and dropout layers to accelerate convergence and minimize over-fitting. Initial results on a 3D field data cube show a 88 % accuracy in predicting fault locations.


The aim of my study is to show that Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) can present at the end stage of pulmonary fibrosis even in young population. It can also have rapid progression. A 20-year-old Girl, hailed from a village in Orissa, India, presented with gradual onset shortness of breath, weight loss and clubbing of fingers. Similar complaints were found in her real sister at home and in family history of grand mother's who died of breathing difficulty. On clinical examination, pulmonary function test and X-Ray chest, a possibility of PAM was suspected. Further evaluation by CT scan chest confirmed its entity. It was in stage IV of CT classification. She was treated with steroids and with Alendronate Sodium. The suggestion of surgical option was given. After that, we lost to follow up the patient.


We revisit the construction of models of quantum gravity in d dimensional Minkowski space in terms of random tensor models, and correct some mistakes in our previous treatment of the subject. We find a large class of models in which the large impact parameter scattering scales with energy and impact parameter like Newton`s law. These same models also have emergent energy, momentum and angular conservation laws, despite being based on time dependent Hamiltonians. Many of the scattering amplitudes have a Feynman diagram like structure: local interaction vertices connected by propagation of free particles (really Sterman-Weinberg jets of particles). However, there are also amplitudes where jets collide to form large meta-stable objects, with all the scaling properties of black holes: energy, entropy and temperature, as well as the characteristic time scale for the decay of perturbations. We generalize the conjecture of Sekino and Susskind, to claim that all of these models are fast scramblers. The rationale for this claim is that the interactions are invariant under fuzzy subgroups of the group of volume preserving diffeomorphisms, so that they are highly non-local on the holographic screen. We review how this formalism resolves the Firewall Paradox.


The recent development of new semiconductor laser structures provides a perspective to enlarge the scope of laser interferometers as highly sensitive measuring systems. Up to now all commercial devices only allow the determination of changes in the pathlength of the interferometer during a displacement of the measuring reflector. The use of laser diodes as a source of light also allows the measurement of the static distance by continuously tuning the laser wavelength and suitably analysing the corresponding phase variation. This paper proposes a method for measuring distances, based on a modulation between two well-known wavelengths, so that the unknown distance is directly proportional to the detected phase shift [1]. To achieve measuring uncertainties in the range of micrometers, we installed a stabilisation of air wavelength as a scale of approximately 10 -8 . In contrast to previous absolute-interferometric measuring systems this method consequently allows the application of the same system for absolute as well as for relative interferometric measurements


n recent decades, a multitude of numerical methods has been developed to support analytical and experimental research, optimizing and adding value to them, through a low cost compared to the experiment and a short time to obtain results. The Ansys Fluent program allows the visualization of the various curves and the values of all the parameters that define the phenomenon studied in this paper, respectively the ventilation of the ship machinery compartment. The comparison of the results obtained in the simulation program with the results of the measurements carried out on a real ventilation system on board the ship leads to certain aspects regarding the optimization of this type of system. Thus, the air behaviour on the ventilation system of the machinary compartment, where the ventilation requirement is quite high, can be studied with numerical calculation methods using a computer modelling program and the results can be validated by a scale experiment 1:1 on board the ship. This leads to conclusive results on optimizing the entire system.


A positive anomaly in the frequency-magnitude distribution (b-value) is detected at approximately 90–100 km depth in two subduction zones. The b-value in this anomalous zone is 40% higher than in adjacent volumes. We use regional catalogs with a magnitude of completeness of 2.6 (Central Alaska and Cook Inlet), 2.0 (Shumagin Islands), and 3.5 (New Zealand). To resolve the b-value as a function of space in more detail, we project all earthquakes onto planes perpendicular to the strike of the slab. These cross-section views of the b-value distribution locate the high b-value anomalies at a depth of 90–100 km, on the upper surface of the Wadati-Benioff Zone. At these depths, slab dehydration may increase pore pressure, thus lowering the effective stress and increasing the b-value. Increased pore pressure would also lower the liquidus in the overlying asthenosphere, giving rise to the volcanism that occurs directly above this zone.


Circumboreal forests are currently experiencing rapid climate warming which is altering their structure, productivity, and status as a carbon sink. Very high-resolution (VHR; < 2 m) stereo-derived digital surface models are available to monitor these forests, but a similar resolution digital terrain model (DTM) is required to extract information about tree height, which is often used to estimate carbon content. To the best of our knowledge, no openly available VHR DTM currently exists. To address this need, we developed approaches to extract DTMs by filtering VHR stereo point clouds (PCs) in sparse canopies of Alaska. Our evaluation consisted of two stereo processing methods with three PC search radii at six different tree canopy cover (TCC) intervals. We found that VHR DTMs were robust for estimating bare ground at TCC intervals less than 40% with vertical errors < 1.6 m using airborne small footprint light detection and ranging (LiDAR) as reference.


Therapy combining dinutuximab with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, interleukin 2, and isotretinoin has significant side effects; however, these complications are generally predictable and can be managed proactively.


Most e-services are typically delivered point-to-point; however, the e-service environment creates the opportunity for providing value-added, integrated services, which are delivered by composing existing e-services, possibly offered by different companies. This paper presents eFlow, a model and system that provides a flexible, configurable and open approach to service composition. In fact, eFlow has an adaptive and dynamic process model that allows processes to transparently adapt to changes in the environment, to customize service execution according to the customers' needs, and to cope with exceptional situations. In addition, the model and the system are configurable, so that applications running on devices with limited storage space and computing power can download a version of eFlow that only includes needed features and that has a smaller footprint with respect to the complete version.


Moored floating breakwaters with a leeward boundary, assimilating the port quay walls are described by a large number of coupled variables. This complicates their design and requires a detailed parametrical and motion analysis to assess their hydrodynamic performance. A diffraction-radiation boundary value problem is developed. It arises from the interaction of linear waves on a moored floating breakwater with a leeward boundary described by a partial reflective sidewall. The effects of the sidewall clearance, structural parameters, mooring lines stiffness, and their angle of inclination on the transmission coefficient and the dynamic motion of the floating breakwater are considered. The transmission coefficient is strongly affected by the motion itself and the allowable length change in the mooring lines.


I am very appreciative of those who wrote comments on my article. They raised some interesting and some quite challenging questions. Their responses seem quite in synchrony with my focus and intent—to reveal some problems that we need to address in advancing emotion science. The authors of the commentaries reflected some of the same sort of differences among themselves as I found among the emotion scientists whom I surveyed in search of a definition of emotion. Like the emotion scientists who responded to my survey, most of the authors of the commentaries were generally in agreement on the significance of research in the emotion domain but not in agreement on the meaning of the term emotion. I briefly discuss the noteworthy question (raised in one of the commentaries) as to whether and when discrete emotion concepts might someday share the same fate as the general term emotion and disappear from emotion science.


ROP is an important index to evaluate the efficiency of oil and gas drilling. In order to accurately predict the ROP of an oilfield in Xinjiang working area, a ROP prediction model based on the historical drilling data of this working area was established based on stacking ensemble learning. This model integrates the

 K

 -nearest neighbor algorithm and support vector machine algorithm by stacking ensemble strategy and uses genetic algorithm to optimize model parameters, forming a new method of ROP prediction suitable for this oilfield. The prediction results show that the accuracy of ROP prediction by this method is up to 92.5%, and the performance is stable, which can provide reference for the optimization of drilling parameters in this oilfield and has specific guiding significance for improving the efficiency of drilling operations.


This thesis explores how to effectively carry out the reform of college English teaching from the perspective of management. It analyzes the status quo of college English teaching reform project management. Effective distributed management, improvement in the mechanism of teaching management and so on are proposed. The paper aims to make the fellow college English teachers aware of the existing problems in the management of college English teaching reform and engage them in the discussion on the topic so as to seek effective solutions to addressing the challenges to the reform of college English teaching


The increasing acidity of precipitation may cause foliage damage, de crease plant growth and leach essential nutrients from the soil. The pur pose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of two hardwood tree species and three soils to simulated acid rain. The value of infecting tree seedlings with mycorrhizal fungi before transplanting into acidleached soils was also examined. Dundas silt loam, Hayden loam and Luther loam supporting col eus and sorghum were leached three times each week for 20 weeks with a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 adjusted by dilution to pH 5.5, 4.0 or 2.5. Ninety seed lings each of green ash {praxinus pennsyivanica Marsh.) and silver maple {Acer saccharinum L.) were transplanted into the soils and were misted twice weekly with the acid solutions for 32 weeks. Ash seedlings misted with the pH 2.5 solution were shorter, had a smaller total leaf area and produced less leaf and stem material than ash seedlings misted with pH 5.5 solution. In contrast, the growth and weight of the maple seedlings increased in response to the pH 2.5 treatments. Leaves of the ash exposed to the pH 2.5 treatment were covered with numer ous small lesions, and the cuticular wax was partially worn away. No le sions were observed on the leaves of the maple. Nitrogen concentrations in the leaves, stems and roots of both species increased with increasing acidity, while phosphorus concentration in the leaves decreased. Potassium and calcium levels were unaffected by the acidity of the rain. Soil type and preinfection with mycorrhizal fungi had little effect on plant growth or nutrient content.


Environmental samples (rice, soil, river soil and water, running water, pine needle, milk and grass) are collected from the area surrounding Kaya Memorial Takizawa Laboratory (radioisotope waste treatment laboratory) neighboring Nishina Memorial Cyclotron Center for detection of radionuclide in those. We examine annual variations of elemental concentrations in two kinds of environmental samples (pine needle and grass) collected during 5-years period. These were prepared using nitric acid ashing method and analyzed using ordinal vacuum PIXE for detection of the elemental concentration. The result indicates that the concentrations of potassium and phosphorous in grass change according as fertilizer. This is the primary study. The results of annual variations of elemental concentrations in other environmental samples will be described in another paper in the near future.


The formation of uranium carbide by the reaction of uranium metal with methane was investigated in detail. The conditions necessary to attain a stoichiometric composition are outlined, and the possible mechanisms of compound formation are discussed. The progress of carburization can be controlled by matching the particle size of uranium (produced by thermal decomposition of UH/ sub 3/), reaction temperature and time, and methane concentration. Several powder metallurgical techniques were employed to form dense uranium monocarbide compacts. Starting with fine powders (mean particle size of several microns), densities between 92 and 95% of theoretical were obtained by coldpressing and sintering at 1700 to 1900 deg C. Compacts with zero porosity were produced by vacuum hot-pressing below 1600 deg C uranium carbide powders in tungsten dies. Similar densification was observed after hot-swaging uranium carbide powder canned in a columbium-base alloy. The applicability of slip casting was evaluated in a series of preliminary experiments. The compatibility of uranium monocarbide with several columbium-base alloys, contemplated as cladding material, was studied using a pictureframe technique. No interaction was detected metallographically and by microhardness measurements after 100 hours exposure at llOO deg C in an argon atmosphere. Various analytic procedures are presented. (auth)


In this paper, we introduce the notion of S-fuzzy soft N-subgroups by using Molodtsov's definition of soft sets and investigate their related properties with respect to α- inclusion of soft sets.


What does it take to know nonhuman animals? In this essay, we explore diverse ways of knowing animals in veterinary education, bringing out biases and preconceptions that determine not only which animals are known, but also how they are known. Contemplative pedagogy engenders a more holistic way of knowing by fostering one's ability to be truly present with others.


I have tried to imagine my father as a little boy, playing on the typewriter in Bernice Worden's Plainfield, Wisconsin hardware store. He could probably smell motor oil and leather gloves, the musty pages of books stored too long on shelves, and the earthy dust that would have permeated a small-town family business in the days before big-box stores. I can picture him leaving the typewriter to explore the marvels of Worden's Hardware, to touch the gloves dangling from wire racks in various shades of brown, to play imaginary games among the nails, hammers, paint cans, and other paraphernalia of adult travail. I am certain, however, that my father never imagined, in the midst of his explorations, that Worden's Hardware would host a murder. And I am certain that he never imagined the grisly discoveries that would follow that event. But the death of Bernice Worden must haunt his memories. It must color his picture of those gloves and hammers and paint cans. Like millions of black men, and women of all colors,1 who painfully recognize their vulnerability to


There are many possible uses for remotely powered environmental sensing devices. The University of Pittsburgh has obtained a subcontract to assist in the first development phase of one such device for NASA, a wireless temperature sensor that could ultimately be used to measure the temperature of panels on their spacecraft. This thesis describes the work that has been done to completely meet the project specifications set forth in the subcontract, with particular emphasis being given to the contributions made by the author. In addition to the remote sensor board hardware and software, an embedded protocol is developed that can allow hundreds of these devices to transmit their temperature readings over a single communications channel (amplitude shift keying at 418 MHz) without interference or the need for an on-board receiver. Laboratory testing results that verify the proper operation of the final prototype are included.


Based on the agricultural products supply chain pattern of "agricultural cooperatives + processors +retailers",the paper proposes the concept of "cooperative-led agricultural supply chain"for the first time. By the Stackelberg game theory,Shapley value and modified Shapley value,the paper analyzes the profit allocation for each subject in the alliance. Furthermore,the paper introduces empirical values and proposes reasonable profit allocation of each subject in the alliance. The results show that by modified Shapley value method the agricultural cooperative gets more profit than the basic profit allocation,while the processor and retailer get less profit,but the relationship among the alliance is still stable because the principal of allocation depending on contribution is applied. Based on the analysis above,reasonable profit-sharing contract can be designed by modified Shapley value to maintain stable agricultural products supply chain alliance.


The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), signed into law on January 8, 2002 (U.S. Department of Education, 2002), addresses four basic reform principles: increased accountability for student outcomes, expanded flexibility and control at the local level, additional choices for parents, and an emphasis on proven teaching methods. One particular aspect of this law related to reading instruction is the goal that every child will read at or above grade level by the end of the third grade. Further, the NCLB Act requires teachers to implement reading programs that are consistent with empirically validated research to reach that goal. In other words, teachers must make instructional decisions based upon reliable evidence that a program or practice is effective. Long before the NCLB, empirically validated practice was undoubtedly an important goal for most teacher educators and researchers. Over the years, researchers in the field of education have produced an impressive body of findings intended to address instructional demands in America's schools. One body of research that has been rigorously tested and validated over the past fifteen to twenty years is the implementation of peer-tutoring programs (e.g., Abbott et al., 1999; DuPaul & Henningson, 1993; Fuchs & Fuchs, 2001; Fuchs et al., 2002; Harper & Maheady, 1999; Heron et al., 1983; Kamps et al., 1994; Maheady & Harper, 1987). Peer tutoring programs are a set of alternative teaching arrangements designed to supplement teacher-led instruction (Maheady,


When the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws recently approved the Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities, it may at long last have made perpetuity reform achievable in this country. Coming, as it does, on the heels of the 1981 promulgation of the Restatement (Second) of Property (Donative Transfers), which adopts the same general type of perpetuity reform, and having been unanimously endorsed by the House of Delegates of the American Bar Association, the Board of Regents of the American College of Probate Counsel, and the Board of Governors of the American College of Real Estate Lawyers, the Uniform Act deserves serious consideration for adop tion by the various state legislatures.


References 1. Kwantes W. Diphtheria in Europe. J Hyg 1984; 93: 433-437. 2. Harris EHR, Mitman M. Clinical practice in infectiousdiseases.LivingstoneEdinburgh, 1940. 3. Dobie RA, Tobey DN. Clinical featuresof diphtheria in the respiratorytract. JAMA 1979; 242: 2197-2201. 4. Dixon JM. Diphtheria in North America. J Hyg 1984; 93:419-432. 5. Nelson WE. Textbookof pediatrics. Saunders, Philadelphia,1983,641-645. 6. Manford RS, Ory HW, Brooks OF. Diphtheria deaths in the United States 1959-1970.JAMA 1974; 229: 1890-1893. 7. AllshalerSS,HoffmanKM. Electrocardiographic changes indiphtheria.Ann Intern Med 1948; 29: 296. 8. Lang WS.Diphtheriaat the presenttime. Laryngoscope1965; 75: 1092-1098.


This invention provides a novel antioxidant, kombic acid or a derivative thereof, obtained from crude kombo butter suitable for preventing oxidation of various organic materials. In particular, the invention relates to the use of kombic acid as an antioxidant in the treatment of cancer, the inhibition of proliferation of cells, and in lowering levels of cholesterol both in vivo and in vitro.


Objective To detect the clinical application of anti-RA33/36 antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods Using the purified RA33/36 antigen as antigenic sources on immunoblotting,it was detected that a total number of 1012 sera from 498 patients with RA,574 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 50 healthy controls.In addition,clinical characters and laboratory indexes were collected to study the role of RA33/36 antibody in RA.Results The sensitivity and specificity of RA33/36 antibody in RA were 32.93% and 88.52%.The positive rate of RA33/36 antibody was 32.03% in early RA.Twenty-one patients had RA33/36 antibody in 72 RA patients whose RF were negtive.The specificity increased to 98.46% when RA33/36 antibody and anti-CCP were used together.The presence of RA33/36 antibody was not correlated with RF,APF,AKA,anti-Sa,anti-CCP,ESR and clinical manifestations.Conclusions RA33/36 antibody presents reasonable sensitivity with high specificity to RA and it also can be detected in early RA.RA33/36 antibody is complementary to RF in the diagnosis of RA.Simultanous detection of RA33/36 antibody and anti-CCP can notably improve the specificity.So RA33/36 antibody is valuable in the diagnosis of RA.


Compare Scientific research work with the work of the other nature,there are obvious differences.First of all,the need for high-quality employee;Secondly,more emphasis on "team spirit" and "sense of cooperation";Third,in terms of management,with particular attention to the management of the "ordination" and "consistency";How to set up a excellent team of the scientific research? to pursue Effectively "people-oriented" management philosophy,Give full play to the advantages of human resources,More solid work,more results are very important。 In this paper,there is an analysis of the problems of the management in scientific research units,suggest improval suggestion and recommendations


The aim of the study is to develop and apply a mathematical model for assessing the risks of contamination of medical personnel involved in providing medical care to patients with COVID-19 in a "red zone" environment. Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of informative signs and information on working conditions in the infectious disease department of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, a decision-making support system was developed to provide an objective assessment of the risks of infection for medical personnel when providing medical care in the "red zone". Results of the study and their analysis. The influence of various risk factors for infection of medical personnel involved in the provision of medical care to patients with new coronavirus infection COVID-19 was analyzed; the most significant risk factors were identified.


Water management techniques in the Southern Maya Lowlands are both regionally diverse and site specific. This thesis examines the water management strategies of the Classic Period Maya at the site of Caracol, Belize. While it is likely that elites at Caracol controlled the redistribution of resources, i.e. craft and agricultural products, it is probable that the production of agricultural resources and the maintenance of water resource acquisition took place on a more local level. In order to test this hypothesis, a sample of five reservoirs were examined through original research – and situated in conjunction with past settlement studies to determine the water storage capacity and likely function of different water management features throughout the built environment of Caracol. As a result, this thesis argues that the placement and construction of water management features i.e., reservoirs at the site of Caracol, Belize are indicative of specific landscape patterns which are expressed by a distinct vernacular construction style and are also a reflection of the socio-political organization present within the site during the Late Classic Period.


In this work, a band-notch absorber with two reflection bands and two-sided absorption bands is proposed. The band-notch absorber is consisted of the up lossy layer and the bottom metal ground, which are separated by a substrate. The lossy layer is composed of multiple cascaded interdigital capacitors and four lumped elements. In the lossy layer, a wide high-transmission passband between two absorption bands can be realized by connecting multiple coplanar parallel resonances (MCPRs) in series which introduces a large impedance in a wide band. And the electromagnetic wave in the high-transmission band of the lossy layer will be reflected by the bottom metal ground layer, which forms a high-reflection band between the two absorption bands. Another reflection band occurs in a higher frequency range which is twice the frequency of the first reflection band. The simulation results show that the band-notch absorber can achieve two wide absorption bands which absorption rate are above 90% from 3.3 GHz to 7.78 GHz and from 12.8 GHz to 14.17 GHz. Moreover, the two high-reflection bands of the proposed band-notch absorber occur in the frequency range from 9 GHz to 11 GHz and 16 GHz to 20 GHz respectively. Compared with the conventional band-notch absorber design, the highlight of the proposed structure is that the structure in this paper can achieve two absorption bands and two high-reflection bands just with a single layer. The simple structure makes it more suitable for practical applications, such as combining the proposed band-notch absorber with an antenna or an antenna array to realize low RCS in the absorption bands and work as the ground of antenna in the high-reflection bands.


We introduce the notion of Markov states and chains on the Canonical Anticommutation Relations algebra over ℤ, emphasizing some remarkable differences with the infinite tensor product case. We describe the structure of the Markov states on this algebra and show that, contrarily to the infinite tensor product case, not all these states are diagonalizable. A general method to construct nontrivial quantum Markov chains on the CAR algebra is also proposed and illustrated by some pivotal examples. This analysis provides a further step for a satisfactory theory of quantum Markov processes.


There were different forms of inquiry teaching,while the key of innovative inquiry teaching was inspiration-drawing in old knowledge research.Take the teaching of primary cells as an example,great importance should be attached to the ways questions are thrown out in the innovation and inquiry mode,production and establishment of new knowledge and new theories should be emphasized,only to develop students' ability of innovative thinking;inquiry teaching can be implemented according to the four stages of inspiration drawing,inquiry innovation,experiment demonstration,and analysis induction,which aimed to advocate a new mode of inquiry teaching,and reflected innovation and invention in inquiry teaching.


This descriptive qualitative reasearch was done in order to find out the development strategy for Sumedang Beach, a tourism site at Ranah Pesisir, Pesisir Selatan District. It was found that the maintenance of public facility around the beach was not mananaged as well as it should be. The accomodation was not enough provided. Moreover, the villagers did not have awareness toward tourism value of their environment. These facts were the bottom line reasons why the researcher conducted this research. The data was obtained  by using observation, interview and documentation which were done with Tourism Ministry, Bappeda, villagers and their leaders. The data was analyzed by using SWOT Analysis (Strengths,Weaknes,Opportunities and Threats). The result of the research shown that Pesisir Selatan District need to do: 1) A Counseling for improving and enhancing villagers's awareness about the importance of an awaranesess toward tourism site;2) A Coordination with private sector to obtain an income;3) A Development toward tourism attractions; 4) An Improvement of public facility;5) A Development for tourism's accessibility. Keywords : the development strategy, tourism site, sumedang beach


In this study, different cross sectional geometries have been compared under bending stress with three different techniques. To determine the optimal design of the designed parts, 6 different cross sectional geometries (Rectangle, Circle, Equilateral Triangle, Diamond, Ellipse and Rounded Rectangle), 101 different cross sectional areas and 3 different materials (titanium alloys) have been used. Length of the beams and applied moments have been assumed constant. Analytical solution, Finite Element Method (FEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modelling (number of 1818 models) have been performed according to deformation values. At the beginning, analytical solutions and the FEM were compared to each other by using statistical analysis with respect to Root Mean Square (RMS), Absolute Fraction of Variance (R2) and Mean Error Percentage in order to confirm the precision of FEM. After the statistical analysis, resulted deformation values were used as data at the ANN modelling. After the ANN analysis same statistical evaluation has been conducted in order to designate the accuracy of the ANN model. As a result, three different techniques have been conducted and a thorough ANN model has been created. Thanks to this model, optimal dimensions of medical devices can be designed according to bending by using this simple and effective method.


This paper deals with the experimental and theoretical evaluation of punching shear capacity of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) slab–column connections. Five experimental specimens with a thickness of 160 mm, different fiber volume contents (0, 1.0, and 1.5%) and different flexural reinforcement ratios (0.75 and 1.5%) have been tested. The experimental results were evaluated using a physical–mechanical model based on the critical shear crack theory (CSCT). The model has given a good approximation of experimental punching shear strengths. In general, tests have highlighted a significant increase in load and deformation capacity of fiber reinforced concrete slab–column connections in comparison with reinforced concrete connections.


Eight strains of bioplastics-degrading microorganisms were isolated by screening for their ability to degrade and form clear zones on bioplastics-emulsified mineral agar plates using polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly-(butylene succinate) (PBS) and polybutylene succinate-coadipate (PBSA) as substrates. Analysis of the bioplastics-degrading enzyme in culture broth showed high specific activity of PLA, PCL, PBS and PBSA degradation in strain APL3 (3.010.1U/mg), APL8 (3.160.19 U/mg), APL3 (2.150.1 U/mg) and APL6 (3.180.08 U/mg), respectively. The clear zone formation on biodegradable plastics agar plate showed a correlation with biodegradable plastic-degrading activity in culture broth. Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA sequence classified them as a member of the genus Streptomyces and Saccharothrix.


We have present a full Eulerian approach to deal with the aerodynamic performance and stability of a new designed airship. It consists first on setting the needed fluid solvers (Navier-Stokes equations coupled to a Spallart almaras turbulent model), then on a geometric representation through a level set method that separates each phase: external air, membrane and internal gaz. Finally, we extend this framework to embed a fluid-membrane model through interfacial forces. This model consists on implementing bending and inextensibility forces and adding them to the Navier-sotek equations. The framework was tested first in 3D to analyze the flow past a fixed airship and compute the aerodynamic forces. Then a fluid-membrane benchmark is used to validate the implementation. This work allows us to highlight several numerical challenges: first, the implementation of a high order derivative using smooth projection is needed to ensure free-oscillation forces, then the use of an unified compressible-incompressible solver to take into account the internal gaz of the the airship, finally, the analysis of the envelop proposed by Thales Alenia Space to deduce the physical parameters for our fluid-membrane model.


A device for compensation of pressure sensor modules each having a module housing and a pressure measuring cell with a measuring diaphragm, which can be pressurized through a housing opening with a pressure; includes a compensation body with at least one sensor module receptacle into which the pressure sensor module is inserted; at least one fixing device for pressure-tight fixing of at least one pressure sensor module in the sensor receptacle; a pressure supply line which communicates with the sensor module receptacle for pressurizing the pressure cell the at least one clamped pressure sensor module with a media pressure and a temperature control order for heating and / or cooling of the compensation body.


This article examines the mindset and episcopal policy of George Ridding, first bishop of the new diocese of Southwell from 1884 until his death in 1904. Ridding's intellectual formation was rooted in Liberal Anglicanism, and is analysed here through his 'Broad Church' understanding of the Church of England as a comprehensive national Church. His commitment to this ideal is demonstrated through his episcopal charges and speeches, and through elements of the policy of diocesan management that he adopted. A brief evaluation of this policy identifies limitations, as well as continuity with the earlier movement of diocesan reform.


Recent evidence suggests that there are serious information asymmetries in the Kenyan
financial market. Between 2006 and 2009, the formal and semi-formal financial sectors in
Kenya increased a lot. In contrast to what classic economic theories would predict, the
informal financial sector experienced a minor increase. This thesis, through interviews in a
minor field study, suggests that the informal financial institutions in Kenya have some
important advantages compared to the formal ones. Informal lending seems to be operating
within informal institutions that serve as enforcement mechanisms of informal agreements.
Third party enforcement represented by the police or auctioneers is available to informal
lending, which, it may be argued, partly explains the seemingly high repayment ratios in the
informal financial sector. Many of the interviewed preferred the informal financial sector
because it offers more flexibility in the repayment period of a loan and because the costs of
financial services provided by banks were more unpredictable than the informal alternatives.


• Algebraic combinatorics and representation theory: The representation theory of Lie algebras, quantum groups, Hecke algebras / double affine Hecke algebras, diagram algebras, symmetric groups and more utilize algebraic combinatorics and often take advantage of combinatorial objects such as crystals, Littlemann paths, tableaux, quivers, lattice paths, knots, and alternating sign matrices to discover new results.


Web usage mining is an application of data mining technique to discover to find the usage patternand serve the requirement of Web-based applications. Analyzing the data through web miningeffectively helps in website mangement, creating website, network traffic flow analysis and so on. The aim of this paper is to find the find user access pattern based on user's session and behaviour.Web usage mining includes three phases pre-processing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis. We propose this technique which cluster the user session based on K-Mediods and DBSCAN technique to find the effective usage pattern.


Since public facilities have high property values and are directly exposed to the flood hazard, they account for the highest share of disaster damages compared to other assets such as housing, industry, vehicle and agriculture in case of floods. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop and suggest the potential flood damage index for public facilities to evaluate potential flood damage of specific local government directly or indirectly as a tool for decision-making related to flood prevention, maintenance, management, and budget allocation. The flood damage assessment system proposed in this study was evaluated in 231 local governments nationwide. Evaluation results showed that higher values were obtained in Seoul metropolitan government, Gyeonggi-do (province), coastal areas in Gyeongsangnam-do (province), and Jeju island.