Palladium plate bending under external mechanic loading with following hydrogen loadings by the way of hydrogen saturation of palladium in conditions of solid solutions α-PdHx formation and α-PdH,, degassing up to formation of the dehydrogenated strengthened palladium is experimentally studied. It is discovered that in these conditions an effect of controlled hydrogen phase naklep (2 nd type HPN) takes place. Physical reasons and principles of registered effect are discussed.


Use of the hybrid system approach to medical diagnosis allows all available methodology to contribute to the problem solution. In addition, the modularity of this approach facilitates the development of new applications by replacement of the knowledge base, either in terms of expert-supplied information or from learned knowledge derived from databases. Since the algorithmic components of the system do not change, it is not necessary to re-evaluate these components. The evaluation can therefore focus on the ability of the hybrid system to arrive at accurate decisions for the new application. Standard evaluation methodologies based on sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy must be repeated for each new medical application. The methodology is illustrated in two applications: diagnosis of cardiac disorders and evaluation of dementia.


The concept of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has, in a relatively short time, come to the forefront of orthopedic imaging. In just a few short years MRI findings that were in the past ascribed to degenerative change, normal variation, or other pathologies must now be described and included in radiology reports, as they have been shown, or are suspected to be related to, FAI. Crucial questions have come up in this time, including: what is the relationship of bony morphology to subsequent cartilage and labral damage, and most importantly, how is this morphology related to the development of osteoarthritis? In this review, we attempt to place a historical perspective on the controversy, provide guidelines for interpretation of MRI examinations of patients with suspected FAI, and offer a glimpse into the future of MRI of this complex condition. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:558–572. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We develop a bivariate spectral Granger-causality test that can be applied at each individual frequency of the spectrum. The spectral approach to Granger causality has the distinct advantage that it allows to disentangle (potentially) di®erent Granger- causality relationships over di®erent time horizons. We illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in the context of the predictive value of European production expectation surveys.


The invention provides polyclonal antibodies of human tau protein exons 2, 3 and 10, belonging to the fields of diagnosis and study on communicable diseases. After self protein expression, the relative molecular weights of the exons are small and are 3KD, the exons are difficult to separate and purify, and the immunogenicity of the exons is difficult to ensure. Aiming at the above problems, an applicant adopts the protein fused with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) during expression and immunization; and in the process of purifying the antibody subsequently, the GST antibody components are successfully removed by using affinity chromatography, thereby obtaining the strong-specificity high valence polyclonal antibodies of antihuman tau protein exons 2, 3 and 10 of mice source and rabbit source. The invention provides a basis for study on effects of the tau proteins in neurodegenerative diseases, study on different tau protein isomer distribution and study on an action mechanism of the tau proteins on diseases. The antibody in the invention can be prepared into a kit for the diagnosis of the diseases.


Indonesian society in general is a pluralistic society with cultural and religious backgrounds are different. The indigenous people living with migrant communities. The indigenous people living with immigrant communities. Plural society in a smaller scale are also found in various regions and cities. One element of the plurality of the Indonesian people is ethnic Chinese. In almost every region they occupy a special area called Chinatown. Pasarlama is the oldest Chinatown in Tangerang . Until now the picture as Chinatown still visible. As part of a pluralistic society, ethnic Chinese inhabitants Pasarlama must interact with other parts of the group. Social interaction allows the changes in the social and cultural life in Pasarlama.The interesting thing and needs to be studied from the existence of this process is a result of the process for the ethnic Chinese living in Pasarlama, Tangerang City. Based on the study obtained a description for the majority of members of the ethnic group of Chinese affected Europe in the construction of his house are door, window, and roof.


Giovanni Maniscalco Basile All the Names of the Lord, Lists, Mysticism, and Magic, by Valentina Izmirlieva The Author describes the book and adds some considerations about the double significance of both the book itself and the impact the very idea of a history of the names of God had for the development of philosophy up to our time. The book – the Author maintains – investigates some aspects of the history of our culture that were kept in dark by theologically oriented way of thinking; at the same time it gives evidence of the evolution of religious thinking that in principle hardly admits evolution. To conclude, the history of the lists of the names of God manifests itself as a powerful means for the investigation of the transformation old beliefs underwent in new cultural contexts in various epochs.


Cervical cancer is an important preventable problem among Caribbean women. Age-specific cervical cancer mortality rates indicate that among older women in the Americas, Caribbean women are more likely than other women in the sub-region to die of cervical cancer. This implies that screening programmes which are widely available in the Caribbean are not producing the desired decrease in mortality. As physician recommendation regarding screening is an important variable in the use of these services, the attitudes and practices of primary care practitioners (PCPs) towards screening women over 55 years old for cervical cancer were examined. This study was carried out in the southeastern region of Jamaica. All public sector PCPs and a sample of private general practitioners proportionate to number in each parish, were invited to participate. The response rate was 84 percent, with a final sample of 122 persons (of a possible 146); 20 family nurse practitioners, 36 public medical officers and 66 private general practitioners. Women attending curative clinics in three community health centres were conveniently selected to determine actual screening experience. A total of 110 women 55 years and older agreed to participate. Over 80 percent of PCPS reported ordering annual Pap smears for female patients over 55 years old, with no difference in attitudes and practices towards screening women over 55 years old for cervical cancer, related to age, gender, profession, location or sector of employment. While patients reported a 73 percent lifetime history of being screened, only 28 percent had actually done a Pap smear in the previous year. Explanations given by PCPs in the focus group discussion for these discrepancies between providers' reported practice and patient compliance include their failure to remember to actually order the test and the patient not doing the test when ordered. Patients identified provider recommendation as the main motivation for being screened, and ignorance about Pap smear and its importance at their age as the major reason they were not tested (AU)


Child face aging and rejuvenation has amassed considerable active research interest due to its immense impact on monitoring applications especially for finding lost/abducted children with childhood photos and hence protect children. Prior studies are primarily motivated to enhance the generation quality and aging of face images, rather than quantifying face recognition performance. To address this challenge we propose ChildFace model. Our model does child face aging and rejuvenation while using gender as condition. Our model uses Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets (cGANs), VGG19 based perceptual loss and LightCNN29 age classifier and produces impressive results. Intense quantitative study based on verification, identification and age estimation proves that our model is competent to existing state-of-art models and can make a significant contribution in identifying missing children.


Systems of representation and government accountability are poorly developed in post-Soviet Russia in part do to the weakness of interest groups, social movements, and other vehicles of political participation that feature in prominently in democratic governance in the West. This paper argues, however, that scholars' search for participatory practices analogous to those in the West has obscured other forms of public feedback in Russia, most notably appeals and complaints to state institutions. Complaint-making has a long history dating from the Soviet period and, according to some scholars, helped improve governance by the Communist Party. Lenin himself suggested that it was necessary 'to teach the people the immense value of practical complaints, bringing about as they do desirable and serious results.' Theoretically, it is also in the interest of the current Russian government to encourage public complaints in order to assess the implementation of various reforms and to mitigate corruption. This paper surveys avenues for appeals and complaints by the public to assess whether citizens are able to use these points of access to influence policy-making and contribute to the redefinition of the state's responsibilities toward the public.


Mufflers are very important elements in industry for the attenuation of exhaust noise in vehicles and machinery. Recent advances in modeling procedures, for accurate performance prediction, lead to the development of the transfer matrices method for more practical muffler components appearing in commercial designs. Muffler designers are looking for simple, quick modeling tools, especially in the preliminary evaluation stages of a design. Finite element (FEM) and boundary element (BEM) methods, in spite of giving results in a wide range of frequencies, are still expensive, need very skilled operators, and commercial software is still not user friendly. Plane wave modeling, using the transfer matrix form, offers a cheap and quick method for muffler designers to arrive at an initial prototype solution. In this paper, transmission loss calculations are presented for several practical muffler configurations in explicit formulas and comparison with experimental results are presented.


Shrinkage deformation is a fundamental process in the sheet forming. If the deformation is realized at required locations in a flat sheet, a three-dimensional object can be formed. The shrinkage due to upsetting mechanism can be generated by large diameter beams compared to the sheet thickness. In the present experiments, Nd:YAG laser beams with beam diameter of about 25 µm are applied to forming of stainless steel (AISI 304) foil of 10 µm thickness. Experiments are carried out with the newly developed sample holder, in which the foil is held between two transparent plates. Effects of laser power and the pitch of laser scanning on the amount of shrinkage are discussed. Using the shrinking characteristics, a shell of complicated shape is made, of which sizes are about 10 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in depth.Shrinkage deformation is a fundamental process in the sheet forming. If the deformation is realized at required locations in a flat sheet, a three-dimensional object can be formed. The shrinkage due to upsetting mechanism can be generated by large diameter beams compared to the sheet thickness. In the present experiments, Nd:YAG laser beams with beam diameter of about 25 µm are applied to forming of stainless steel (AISI 304) foil of 10 µm thickness. Experiments are carried out with the newly developed sample holder, in which the foil is held between two transparent plates. Effects of laser power and the pitch of laser scanning on the amount of shrinkage are discussed. Using the shrinking characteristics, a shell of complicated shape is made, of which sizes are about 10 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in depth.


Composites obtained from biodegradable polymers and natural-organic fillers are attracting increasing interest, thanks to the environmental advantages they promise. On the other hand, the real biodegradation performance of a biodegradable polymer/nat- ural organic filler composite should be assessed by performing specific biodegradation tests. These are often carried out under labora- tory conditions, but more realistic conditions should be taken into account. In this work, a systematic study on the biodegradation of kenaf fiber-filled Mater-Bi V R composites in different environments is presented, and some interesting parameters for the understanding of the optimum way to obtain a fast degradation of the composites can be extrapolated. In particular, it was found that the presence of the fibers, the environmental conditions, and the manufacturing procedures of the composites can significantly affect the biodegra- dation behavior. The results can be used to determine the most suitable disposal environments for biodegradation of Mater-Bi V R -based wastes. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 129: 3198-3208, 2013


In this paper, we present a color interpolation algorithm that uses novel edge direction estimator and region classifier. The proposed edge direction estimator accurately determines the edge direction based on the correlation between the images obtained by the channel separated and down-sampled Bayer color filter array(CFA) pattern. The correlation is defined based on the similarity between the edge direction in the local region of the image and the shifting direction of the images. Also, the region of an image is defined as the flat, the edge, and the pattern-edge regions, where the edges are appeared repeatedly. When all the pixels in the image are classified into the three different regions, each pixel is interpolated horizontally or vertically according to the estimated direction. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional edge-directed methods on objective and subjective criteria.


The author describes how the open-source movement can teach project managers a lot. Unlike the troublesome computer vandals about whom we read in the mainstream press, open-source hackers are people who "solve problems and build things". Most engineers would be proud to be described that way. So would most project managers.


The present patent application relates to a micro-dosing pump, with a pumping chamber substrate having a pumping chamber with a flexible membrane which is provided on one side of the pumping chamber substrate so as to fluid-tightly the pumping chamber covered with at least one fluid line, which is provided on a second side of the pumping chamber substrate in such a way is that there may be a fluid in the pumping chamber and exit, with a rotatable valve disc with at least one fluid passage opening which is disposed within the pumping chamber and is adapted to close the fluid line by a rotation and open on the fluid passage opening, having a permanently magnetized or magnetizable Aktorscheibe which a resilient element with the valve plate is coupled in such a manner via at least, the resulting rotation of the Aktorscheibe in a rotation of the valve disc, wherein the resilient element, the valve disc and the Aktorscheibe pushing away from each other, with a drive unit with a magnetic pumping plunger which is operable to move the diaphragm for drawing or expelling fluid, and is adapted to rotate the permanently magnetized or magnetizable Aktorscheibe. Further, a method for manufacturing a micro-dosing pump is disclosed.


Abstract This article examines how the Integrated Children's System (ICS) may affect social work practice with vulnerable children and their families. It begins by setting out the theoretical basis of the ICS model, locating it within a government agenda for change and the introduction of evidence based practice. It goes on to highlight some concerns about the specific pieces of research on which the model is based, specifically the Looking After Children documentation, and questions the usefulness of basing the ICS on problematic ideas. Finally it attempts to show how the ICS model may have implications for practice, calling on the tradition of inquiry and debate that has previously characterised the professional development of social work.


Transition from slavery to freedom—A wanderer in New York—Feelings on reaching that city—An old acquaintance met—Unfavorable impressions—Loneliness and insecurity—Apology for slaves who return to their masters—Compelled to tell my condition—Succored by a sailor—David Ruggles—The under-ground railroad—Marriage—baggage taken from me—Kindness of Nathan Johnson—The author's change of...


Computer simulation was used to gang rip No. 1 and No. 2 Common red oak boards before and after removal of crook. While No. 1 Common produced slightly more total yield, the part yields were very similar. No. 1 Common was superior only in yielding 75-inch-long pieces. Either grade is an excellent choice for the furniture and cabinet industries.


The article discusses the possibility of implementing a programme of psychological-educational support of students with situational readiness to make a choice. Situational readiness to make a choice may be considered as an each time created functional spearhead of long-term readiness increasing its validity. Psychologicaleducational support is implemented in the form of reflective seminar which allows capturing personality changes that occur with students and making them the subject of reflection.


By analogying general research methods of the nonlinear systems and applying the Poincare-Bendixson ring region theorem,we have studied the existence of the limit cycles for a class of Lienard systems.We have also obtained the existence theorem of the limit cycle of the system and have given relevant examples.


Human development in north Sumatra is showing progress. However, the human development disparity in the North Sumatra province is still showing. The problem must be overcome quickly to prevent further disparity from developing. The study was to analyze the impact of poverty and capital expenditure on Human Development Index (HDI) of regency/city in North Sumatra. This study uses quantitative descriptive methods which have been provided by previous study conducted on 33 regencies/cities in the North Sumatra. The data covers the poverty rate, capital expenditure and HDI of regency/city in North Sumatra in 2019. Data was accessed online on the Central Statistical Agency (BPS) for North Sumatra Province website. Data analysis method using multiple linear regression analysis method. Analysis shows that poverty has a negative and significant impact on HDI of regency/city in North Sumatra. Meanwhile, capital expenditure has a positive and insignificant effect on of regency/city in North Sumatra. Poverty and capital expenditure are simultaneously significant on HDI of regency/city in North Sumatra. The result of this study implicates allocation of capital expenditure and the creation of human development strategies for the district or city in the north Sumatra province.


Globalization is the integration of national economies through trade and financial interaction with the international economy. Globalization has transformed the world into a global village. Nigeria with current democratic dispensation from 29th May 1999 under the leadership of Chief Olusegun Obansanjo (GCON) has made bold efforts in liberalization and deregulation of the economy in line with current global trends. However, Nigeria is handicapped in this drive on account of the current state of poor infrastructural facilities, the hydra headed corrupt practices within the economy, very high level of wastage and leakages within the economy and the over reliance on crude oil export as the current main stay of the economy. Nigeria is yet to reap the benefits accruing from e-government, e-commerce, tele-education/tele-training, tele-medicine/tele-health, etc. Nigeria needs to clear above impediments before it can actively participate in the current globalization drive.


In this paper, we analyze and compare long-range power-law correlations of returns, absolute returns, squared returns, cubed returns and square waved returns for sixteen individual stocks from the block of energy sources of Chinese stock market and five stock indices (Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index, Dow Jones Industrial Average index, Nasdaq Composite Index, the Standard and Poor's 500 Index) by using a detrended fluctuation analysis approach. The empirical evidence suggests that Shanghai Composite Index is very close to Shenzhen Component Index and Nasdaq, DJIA is very close to S&P 500 in all cases. And the exponent trends of the returns are close to that of square waved returns. Also, five indices deviate from other sixteen individual energy stocks in all cases except square waved returns. Further, there are long-range correlations and persistence in volatility series of absolute returns and squared returns. Moreover, we investigate the long-term memory of these returns by applying Lo's modified rescaled range statistic. We find that the China energy market exhibits fractal and persistence properties.


The thesis provides a view on the problems of describing rubber dynamic properties and its determination. It summarises basic tendency of their dependences on frequency, loading amplitude and temperature as well as their interrelations. It also presents contemporary approach to generalized viscoelastic models of rubber materials and suggests the ways of obtaining their parameters by comparing the measured response of viscoelastic model body and its response calculated by using FEM.


I hereby declare that the Ph.D. thesis work entitled, "Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation and Thermal Annealing Induced Modification of Structural, Topographical and Magnetic Properties in Monolayer and Bilayer Films Based on FeNiMoB and Zinc Ferrite" is based on the original work carried out by me under the guidance of Prof. M R Anantharaman, in the Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-22 and has not been included in any other thesis submitted previously for the award of any degree.


Abstract A new, simple, precise, sensitive reverse phase‐high performance liquid chromatographic (RP‐HPLC) technique has been developed for the determination of zanamivir in spiked human plasma and its pharmaceutical formulations. The method employs acetonitrile and water (50:50 v/v) as mobile phase with flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1, Supelcocil C18 (150 × 4.6 mm i.d: 5 µm particle size) column, loop of 20 µL, and UV detection at 230.0 nm. The internal standard method using indinavir as the internal standard is used. The validation of this technique showed that it is linear in a range of 8.0–7500.0 ng mL−1 (r: 0.9987). The limit of detection and quantitation is 0.15 ng mL−1 (0.5%) and 0.90 ng mL−1 (1.8%), respectively. Each analysis required no longer than 5 min. Furthermore, the typical excipients included in the pharmaceutical product do not interfere with the selectivity of the method. Finally, the proposed chromatographic method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir (GG167) in spiked human plasma and pharmaceutical formulation.


In the present study, in-vitro cytotoxic and anthelmintic activity of root extract of C. viscosum was evaluated. The Brine shrimp lethality bioassay method was used to determine the cytotoxic activity and vincristine sulphate was used as positive control. The plant extracts were also evaluated for invitro anthelmintic activity against Bangladeshi earthworms Pheretima posthuma and the time taken for worm paralysis and death was determined. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the level of significance. The methanolic crude extract of plant root exhibited mild to moderate cytotoxicity with LC50 value of 10.235±1.061 g/ml (95% CI: 7.60-12.87) as compared with vincristine sulphate with LC50 value of 0.841±0.025 g/ml (95% CI: 0.78-0.90) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). In the screening of anthelmintic activity, methanolic crude extract as well as aqueous fraction (water) of plant root revealed statistically significant anthelmintic activity on adult Bangladeshi earth worm Pheretima posthuma in comparison to the reference drug (p<0.05). The paralyzed time of methanolic crude extract, aqueous fraction and standard Albendazole were 13.23±0.49, 78.24±0.17 and 17.67±0.54 minutes at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. The death times of previous three samples were 45.10±1.79, 177.37±0.62 and 48±0.47 minutes respectively at the same concentration. In conclusion, our study suggests that the crude extracts of C. viscosum roots possess some action of cytotoxic and anthelmintic activities.


The purpose of the study to carried out solid dispersions using felodipine as model drug. Solid dispersions of felodipine were prepared by solvent evaporation method using three polymeric carriers. The dissolution rate of formulations was markedly increased as compared to the pure drug. Use of hydrophilic carriers such as PVP K30, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 in the preparation of solid dispersion enhances the solubility of poorly water soluble felodipine with high dissolution rate. The solubility of felodipine was found to be increased with increase of carrier amount up to the ratio of 1:3 for PVP K30 and 1:5 for both PEG 6000 and PEG 4000. Solid dispersions with PVP K30 reveals that there is no significant difference in the dissolution behavior between formulations F3 , F4, F5 & F6. So f3 formulation i.e. (1:3) can be chosen as best because further increase in carrier is unnecessary for formulation. For solid dispersion with PEG 6000 the best formulation was


Angiogenesis is the development of capillaries from the existing vasculature. In a brief review authors describe the concepts of neovascularization and the opportunities of the digital pathology: application of the image processing software packages. The major focuses of the manuscript are the descriptors of angiogenic microvascular network and an ideas on how to evaluate and calculate neoplasm angiogenesis.


In this article, we report on the biodegradation of soy-protein-grafted polyethylene, which was successfully synthesized by a graft copolymerization method with benzoyl peroxide as the radical initiator. The biodegradation behavior of the grafted polyethylene was ascertained by a soil burial test. The weight-loss percentage was measured as a function of the number of days, and it was observed that the percentage weight loss increased with increasing number of days. To further substantiate the degradation, microanalysis of the soil containing the samples was carried out. An increase in microorganism colonies was observed with increasing number of days. The hydrolysis of the samples taken from the soil after a specified number of days also corroborated the findings and revealed a continuous loss of weight. The effect of the degradation of the grafted samples on the growth of plants (wheat and soybean) was studied, and we observed that the products of degradation were not harmful to the growth of the plants. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


The paper here suggests a new intrusion detection method that is applied using an improved Lasso Regularization Metaheuristic Optimization. A comparison with other metaheuristic algorithms used to test the current method alongside the associated works is part of the proposed analysis herein. Because of the high processing capacity, network traffic in the intrusion detection system (IDS) has erratic behavior. The size of the device increases; the vast number of features must then be explored. However, the undesirable features and (or) any noisy data have a significant effect on the performance of the IDSs. Lasso regression implements L1 regularization, applying a penalty proportional to the absolute value the coefficient magnitude. Sparse formulas with few coefficients can result in this form of regularization; certain coefficients can become negative and be removed from the model. The algorithm for particle swarm optimization (PSO) is added to the selective features that increased the IDS' detection rate and accuracy.


The angular distribution of photoelectrons with a given spin orientation and produced on absorption of polarized light is obtained for the case when there is a single electron in a state with a definite total angular momentum j = I ± 1/2 in the subshell with an orbital momentum I ~ I, or when the shell is filled and the ion produced after absorption of the quantum possesses a definite total angular momentum J = I ± 1/2. If I = I and j = J = 1/2, the photoelectrons produced on absorption of circularly polarized light and emitted in the direction of the quantum angular momentum will in both cases be completely polarized. On deviation from this direction the degree of polarization drops. For a total electron flux with a given energy and definite angular momentum j (or J) the degree of polarization is usually less than 0.5 and attains unity only at the point of the Cooper cross-section minimum. Results of calculation of the degree of polarization are presented for noble gases and in atoms. The possibility of using this process to produce beams of polarized electrons is considered.


Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) is one of the research institutes under the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Ministry of Agriculture. The responsibility of ITFRI is to produce technologies for increasing competitiveness of tropical fruit agribusiness in the global market. The priority commodities handled are divided into main and potential commodities. The main commodities are banana, mango, mangosteen, and durian, while the potential commodities are papaya, snake fruit, watermelon, Cucumis melo, pineapple, and breadfruit. Research activities of ITFRI could be divided into three groups namely fruits breeding and genetic resources, ecophysiology, and plant protection. This paper will explain the role of ITFRI to support food security through fruit research and development activities.


This paper discusses the asymptotic behavior of C2 solutions u = u(t, Xi,..., xv) of the inequality (1) \Lu\ ¿ki(t, x)\u\ +k2(t, x)||V«|j, in domains in (/, ;t)-space which grow unbounded in x as /—* co. The operator L is a second order hyperbolic operator with variable coefficients. The main results establish the maximum rate of decay of nonzero solutions of (1). This rate depends on the asymptotic behavior of ku k2, and the time derivatives of the coefficients of L.


This study investigated the potential cause of L1 Thai speakers' persistent deviations from target-like negative responses to negative yes/no questions in L2 English context based on the theory of interlanguage pragmatics, particularly pragmatic transfer. L1 Thai undergraduates were categorized into two groups according to their level of L2 English linguistic proficiency. A discourse completion task (DCT), which required the participants to complete their turns in a conversation under different situations, were used to elicit their negative responses. The results revealed that negative pragmatic transfer, influenced by differences in linguistic action patterns of negative responses to negative yes/no questions between Thai and English, occurred in the performance of L1 Thai speakers in both lower and higher L2 English proficiency groups. However, the overall results suggested that the lower proficiency group tended to rely more on their L1 Thai pragmatic competence and showed higher tendency of negative pragmatic transfer than the higher proficiency group. The research indicated that negative transfer from the speakers' different L1 Thai pragmatic influence from L2 English could make an impact on their non-target-like performance. Moreover, their level of L2 English linguistic proficiency and degree of reliance on their L1 Thai pragmatic knowledge could affect their production to diverge from L2 English pragmatic norms.


This paper examines how established firms conduct continual entrepreneurial search for possibilities for long-term growth. Drawing on comprehensive internal documents of the DuPont Company over a 20-year period, we develop a search process that is a departure from frequent depictions of search as local or random. Longitudinal field data show that corporate entrepreneurs follow a moving, anchored search for growth possibilities. Employing this framework as lens, we develop propositions. We find that corporate entrepreneurs are more likely to conduct search in new domains following events that cause them to expect future performance to change significantly and lastingly. This is in contrast to the literature that has typically modeled the initiation of search as a response to poor past performance. Because new domains are unexplored territories for corporate entrepreneurs, they utilize transitional levers that they perceive will facilitate the move from existing domains to new ones. These perceived transitional levers, however, typically prove inaccurate or incomplete. Content within domains is searched using anchors whose locations and numbers change. The combination of search process and content searched influences the particular growth possibilities discovered and created. Search and pursuit of growth possibilities is accompanied by the creation of new knowledge and new capabilities.


Journalists in the mid-nineteenth century faced unique challenges. The war that pitted brother against brother raised partisan journalism to a fine art.1 Advertisements for snake oil almost singularly supported some newspapers while merchants' secret payments bribed publishers for complimentary editorials.2 The large numbers of untrained war correspondents showed the world just how badly journalists can behave, and journalism's credibility appeared to be at an all-time low.3 A similar crisis in credibility in the early twentieth century prompted a visible drive that has been seen by some researchers as the first interest in journalistic professionalization. Thus, traditional historical accounts place the start of professionalization efforts at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article proposes that the interest in journalistic professionalization started well before the twentieth century. It shows journalistic professionalization as part of a gradual process, rather than a phenomenon that appeared suddenly after 1900 with the proliferation of professional associations, schools, and codes of ethics. This article does not argue that journalism is, or ever has been, a profession. It looks at the attitudes of a group of mid-nineteenth century journalists toward their work in a professional context. The principal basis for this article is the minutes of the Missouri Press Association (hereafter MPA), beginning at the group's inception in 1867.4 These minutes indicate that in the mid-nineteenth century the MPA members not only saw themselves as professionals in the classical sense of doctors, lawyers, and the clergy but, after forming a professional association, also sought to further professionalize by pressing for university journalism education and ethical standards. The general concept of a gradual development of all professions is supported by sociologists such as A.M. Carr-Saunders, P.A. Wilson, Wilbert Moore, and Everett Cherrington Hughes, who viewed professionalization as a process.5 For instance, in The Professions, originally published in 1933, Carr-Saunders and Wilson said that professions normally progress gradually before attaining the highest levels of professional status. They wrote: Looking back on the story of the development of professional techniques and on the rise of professional associations, we have seen that evolution does not always proceed smoothly . . . .The evolution of the legal and medical professions was anything but smooth.6 In 1958 Hughes emphasized the process as well, in posing the question: Let me only indicate that in my own studies I passed from the false question "Is this occupation a profession?" to the more fundamental one, "What are the circumstances in which the people in sn occupation attempt to turn it into a profession, and themselves into professional people?" and "What are the steps by which they attempt to bring about identification with their valued model?"7 Sociologist Wilbert Moore further defined the concept of professionalization as a process by using a scale to describe different levels of professional attainment. Moore wrote: In short, we suggest that professionalism should be properly be regarded as a scale rather than a cluster of attributes....We shall nevertheless, put forward this set of suggestions, being convinced that only in this way can the wondrous array of technical occupations be put in some kind of order, and, importantly, can the process of status enhancement be understood.8 If one looks at professionalization as a gradual scale of attainment as suggested by Moore, one would not expect journalistic professionalization to emerge suddenly. Moore's idea of steps in the professionalization process suggest that if journalism in the twentieth century exhibited some of the hallmarks of professionalization (professional associations, codes of ethics, and schools), then benchmarks in the professionalization process might be evident in the nineteenth century. …


Background Pancreaticojejunal anastomotic stenosis (PJS) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is difficult to treat. Single-balloon enteroscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (SBE-assisted ERP) is a safe way to treat PJS with the strength of minimally invasion and repeatability, but since its technical difficulty and few patient number, data on long-term outcomes remain limited. The optimal treatment is still unknown. We aim to study the safety, effectiveness, and long-term outcome of single balloon enteroscopy-assisted (SBE-assisted) therapeutic ERP in patients with PJS in this study. Methods The clinical information of patients undergoing SBE-assisted therapeutic ERP from March 2016 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were diagnosed as PJS and without any contraindication for therapeutic endoscopy. Treatment details, postoperative complications, factors influencing technical success rate were evaluated. Long-term outcomes results were obtained by clinical or telephone follow-up. Results Sixteen patients with median age of 51 years were included in this study, surgical reconstruction methods including PD with Whipple reconstruction, PD with Child reconstruction, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PpPD) with Whipple reconstruction. Eight patients were successfully treated. No serious complications happened. Risk factors for the failure of pancreaticojejunal anastomotic site identification include the digestive tract reconstruction sequence, pancreaticojejunostomy method, pancreatic duct tube implantation, pancreatic duct width before surgery, and pancreatic fistula during perioperative period. The median follow-up time was 77.2 months, the mean indwelling time of the stent was 62.3 months [interquartile range (IQR), 6.8–153.7 months]. Two of eight patients developed recurrent PJS. The variation in body mass index (BMI) was +2.46 in the non-recurrence group compared to −1.09 in the recurrence group and −2.12 in the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) treatment failure group. Conclusions ERP intervention should be carried out early once PJS occurs in order to increase success rate. BMI is a crucial indicator which can reflex PJS rehabilitation degree during follow-up. In order to reduce PJS recurrence rate, a wider pancreatic stent and a longer stent indwelling time are recommended.


The Ethiopian Revenues and Customs Authority (ERCA) is the body responsible for collecting revenue from Customs duties and domestic taxes. In addition to raising revenue, the ERCA is responsible to protect the society from adverse effects of smuggling. The role of Customs functions automation   is to effectively   Improve revenue collection, Combat fraud, Provides statistical information, Encourages international trade, Speeding up customs clearance and Minimize administrative cost(united nations conference on trade and development,2016)  etc. However, from ERCA annual reports, from media and personal observations, the researcher understood the authority was ineffective in Customs functions automation due to different challenges. Thus, the objective of the study is to look into the Effects of Customs Functions Automation in ERCA on revenue collection improvements. To achieve the objective, a24years revenue collection quantitative data were collected. The study adopted quantitative research approach and descriptive research methods. The collected data was analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics ( simple leaner regression analysis) with SPSS Version 21.0 tool. The result indicated that there was a positive relationship among Customs functions automation and revenue collection enhancement. As ERCA atomize one Customs function, revenue collection ability increases by $2.17. It was thus recommended that the Authority should concentrate on effective Customs functions automation. Keywords: Revenue improvement, ERCA, Automation.


– Smartphones are becoming more and more important for people day by day. With the development of technology, telephones are used in many areas from daily life to business life. It does not only fulfil the function of calling someone. It also makes it possible to connect to the internet and read mail while away from the computer. For this reason, the features of the mobile phone are an important factor when purchasing a mobile phone. People who actively use the phone pay more attention to feature selection. When buying a cell phone, price-performance comparison is made. Phone features are considered as performance. There is no exact method for determining the price. Price estimation can be done with the use of machine learning algorithms. Many studies have been conducted on this subject in the literature. There are still ongoing studies on which machine learning algorithm is the most appropriate. In order to contribute to this issue, a price prediction study is conducted on different machine learning algorithms. Using a dataset of phone prices and features from Kaggle, 4 different models with 20 features are tackled. As a result, the highest value is obtained from Support Vector Machine with an accuracy value of 0.9616.


The paper highlights the conflict in benefit sharing among four different communities (hamlets) spread over different geographical areas in a conservation and development programme. Four different hamlets under a single administrative entity (revenue village) are brought under JFPM to manage forests. All the four hamlets are expected to contribute equally to the conservation and management activities. In return, these hamlets are provided financial assistance to be utilised for development activities. Every time, forest department releases the grants under the development component, there is a problem in the Community, as to how the grants are to be shared among different hamlets? It is not merely the money that is involved, it is about, how leaders from different hamlets demand for a share in the grants, which are so small that if shared in different or equal proportions among the hamlets, there is hardly any development activity. It goes on to narrate how the Managing Committee negotiates in the conflict situation with the beneficiaries and how such conflicts can have a negative impact on the conservation activities if there are no policy interventions in unclear cases.


A database of spoken French sounds is described with the methodology of the way in which it was built up (speaker selection, recording conditions, computer control of data acquisition,...). The base will contain various corpus for evaluation and training of recognition and synthesis systems, acoustic, articulatory and prosodic studies. The preliminary labeling and further exploitations of this database are starting in several laboratories.


Abstract Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has been used to analyze mixtures of imidacloprid, carbendazim, and flour substrate. A multiple spectra baseline correction (MSBC) method was adopted to eliminate the oblique baseline and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the THz spectra. The corrected spectra were fitted with a Voigt function which does not require the spectra of all pure materials of mixtures to be measured. A partial least squares (PLS) method was applied to predict the concentration of the pesticides. The predictive results were compared to those using the PLS method alone for different calibration sets. The results show that the developed method provides smaller root mean square error (RMSE) and larger correlation coefficient (R) for small calibration sets. When the number of calibration sets increases gradually, the obtained accuracy became identical. It is demonstrated that THz-TDS combined with Voigt function fitting and PLS can be used for quantitative analysis of various pesticides in agricultural products in case of small calibration sets.


Correspondence to: Moon-Sil Choi Department of Dental Hygiene, Songwon University, 73 Songam-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 61756, KoreaTel: +82-62-360-5808, Fax: +82-62-360-5791, E-mail: email@example.com © 2015 by the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene Science This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Objective To investigate the preoperative design and application of the minimum foveolar translocation distance and angle of macular translocation. Methods The fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies were performed on 53 eyes of 53 patients with classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (SCNV), including 42 with exudative age-related macular degeneration and 11 with high myopic macular degeneration. The actual area of macular SCNV and the minimum foveolar translocation distance and angle were analyzed. Results The actual area of SCNV was 0.39~18.00 mm 2 with the mean of (3.08±3.22) mm 2. The designed minimum superior translocation distance was 67~2 240 μm with the mean of (845.72±425.23) μm;the minimum designed minimum inferior translocation distance was 53~ 2 430 μm with the mean of (912.17±547.77) μm. The minimum designed superior translocation angle was 1~32° with the mean of (13.23±6.68)°;the minimum designed inferior translocation angle was 1~35° with the mean of (14.06±8.46)°. The individual difference of the minimum designed superior and inferior translocation distance was more than 500 μm in 16 eyes (30.19%), and the difference of translocation angle was more than 10° in 11(20.75%). Conclusion Preoperative design of minimum translocation distance and angle of macular translocation may be helpful to choose the operation program.


Visualization of DNA in solution by Fraunhofer in-line electron holography: II. Experiments. The visibility of a DNA molecule in solution in Fraunhofer in-line electron holography has been investigated experimentally using a coherent electron beam from a field emission gun and frozen-hydrated specimen preparation technique. Up to second diffraction fringes have been recorded with sufficient contrast; the third diffraction fringes have also been observed by close inspection. An in-focus phase image of a DNA double helix has been reconstructed from one such hologram by digital image processing, revealing a molecule as small as 2 nm in diameter. This experiment has confirmed that a DNA double helix can be visualized at high resolution and with high contrast even under Fraunhofer conditions. This technique has advantage in visualization of frozen-hydrated DNA-protein complexes. in which DNA is necessarily visualized under Fraunhofer conditions in order to obtain sufficient contrast for the larger macromolecules.


According to teaching practice,the current characters and development trends of the computer cartography CAI courseware are introduced.A method is put forward to design the CAI courseware integrated with various toolboxes based on ActiveX technologies.An example is presented in which the ActiveX controls is integrated into PowerPoint..


In this paper we have done theoretical analysis and experimental validation on Zeeman Effect of Hg(577nm、579nm).Through the discussion of FP etalon resolution,we can know the consistency between experimental results and theoretical analysis.At last we calculated the wave number difference of the split spectral lines quantitatively.


The article reveals the importance of psychological counseling service in Russian and foreign universities. During their educational activities students experience the pressure of various stressors associated with it. There is also the specific character of psychological age. The article describes features of the psychological counseling in Russian and foreign universities; it analyzes the existing experience, identifies problem points and indicates the goals of further development of the psychological support services for students.


Seafood has traditionally being a popular part of the diet in many parts of the world and in some countries constituted the main supply of animal protein, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Seafood is part of a healthful diet, but seafood consumption is not risk-free. Seafood is responsible for an important proportion of food-borne illnesses and outbreaks in the world. A number of bacterial illnesses may arise from the consumption of seafood. Understanding the transfer of bacteria contaminants through the food web is critical to predict the exposure of humans to contaminants either through subsistence or commercial consumption of seafood and the possible health consequences of such exposure. In addition, such information is crucial in making accurate risk assessment for seafood safety purposes, a topic which is attracting much National and International attention. The results of the present study recorded that nine bacterial species were isolated from different tissues of both sexes of shrimp species (Penaeus semisulcatus) and crab species (Portunus pelagicus). In this research the occurrence of Gram negative bacteria was more frequent comparing with Gram positive ones. Furthermore, bacteria communities isolated from different organs of crustacean organisms collected from the study area showed a highly diverse and varied bacteria population associated with different organs, sex and species.


The recent cancellation of 122 licenses has brought turmoil in the Indian Telecom sector. The fight is now for survival in this tough time. The sustainability opportunity goes to the giant fishes in the sector like Bharti Airtel, Idea cellular, Vodafone etc to capture maximum market share by not only customer services and attractive plans but also by retaining and developing the real assets of any organization, the human resource. A trained and qualitative human resource in the organization ensures better sales proposition and customer services. Thus the paper talks about the training practices followed by these companies Airtel, Vodafone and Idea for effective sustainable growth in India. The key findings of the study suggest that the Airtel recognizes the importance of training to its employees and is able to manage its training programmes more effectively and efficiently than the other companies. The results of it are clearly visible as the Airtel has become the largest private cellular company in India.


Little data exist on the proliferative state of liver cells and its relationship with various morphological findings in acute liver failure (ALF) in man. In this study we used the monoclonal antibody NCL‐PCNA (clone PC‐10) against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to detect cycling cells in paraffin sections of 3 normal livers, 14 post‐mortem needle‐specimens of submassive hepatic necrosis (SHN) due to paracetamol overdosage (POD), and 10 hepatectomy specimens obtained at transplantation in patients with acute or subacute liver failure of presumed viral aetiology. In normal livers, only occasional sinusoid‐lining cells were stained, whereas in SHN following POD or presumed viral hepatitis, hepatocytes of variable morphology showed significant immunoreactivity. Following POD, immuno‐reactivity was higher in samples taken within 5–6 days than in those obtained at 9–11 days, a pattern reminiscent of the decrease in the rate of regeneration, previously documented after partial hepatectomy in humans. Immunolabelled hepatocytes were aggregated in multiacinar 'nodules' in cases with a map‐like distribution of collapsed and non‐collapsed parenchyma. Ductules demonstrated comparatively less staining, but extensive labelling was exceptionally found in areas of complete hepatocellular dropout. In these areas, small elongated cells with strongly PCNA‐positive ovoid nuclei, forming periporal sprouting cords or incorporated into the lining of ductules, were most remarkable in that they closely resembled 'oval cells' described in animal studies.


Conceptualizations of good news are increasingly driven by detailed audience research. This article examines the application of Research Institute on Social Change (RISC) Monitor in the context of Finnish press journalistic practice and considers the views on journalism and the audience RISC Monitor reinforces. This international and widely used market research tool monitors social change by analysing people's life-styles, attitudes and values. Here the focus is on the implications the use of RISC Monitor has for the idea(l)s of journalism as the transmission of information and as a resource for public participation and active citizenship. The study is based on qualitative interviews with Finnish press journalists. Discourse analysis is used as a theoretical and methodological framework. The analysis finds that RISC Monitor is applied in heterogeneous ways in newsrooms. The criteria for good journalism are (re)negotiated according to the perceived wants and needs of target groups, and readers are seen as consumers. However, the idea(l)s and practices that emerge also aim to serve people as active citizens.


Gas turbine generating unit features quick start-up,hence the gas turbine power plant is designed generally as the peaking power plant in the power grid;and to adopt two-shift operation mode.The design features of service power system in Huizhou Gas Turbine Power Plant are as follows:to adopt two-winding transformer for high voltage service power,the bus section for medium voltage service power is designed as one section;to adopt high resistance grounding for the neutral point of high voltage service power system;without common bus designed;one section AC safety power soures is designed for every trait.This kind of service power system is reasonable in design and convenient in operation.


Autobiography is a story about someone that written by those man with or without helped by the other person to tell his or her life story to the people of the world.
In this research , the writer conducts a book report entitled "The Autobiography Keane". The reason why the writer chose this book because this book contains about the life story of eks Player and also Captain of the greatest team ever, Manchester United. In this research, the writer described the whole content of the book such as the tittle, author, pages of the book, pictures in the book.
As the last touch, the writer give his comment about this book. The coments are: This book contains of Keane's life story, this book give positive effect to the readers.

Key Words: Book report, Keane, Manchester United.


INTRODUCTION: Recently a novel 3D fast-spin-echo sequence (3D-FSE-Cube) has been developed for structural imaging of the head, abdomen and extremities [1,2]. The application of parallel imaging, phased-array coils and partial Fourier acquisition alters the spatial and statistical distributions of image noise, respectively [3]. This study measured noise via noise-only acquisitions (acquired with no RF excitation) and compared resulting signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratio (SNR and CNR) measurements with the traditional foreground and background volume of interest (VOI) estimation method [3,4]. To measure noise statistics in noise-only acquisitions, noise should be processed through the identical linear reconstruction pipeline as signal data, which may involve data-dependent steps such as parallel imaging, partial Fourier homodyne and multichannel reconstructions [5]. METHODS: The right knees of 7 healthy volunteers (mean age 27 yrs, range 21–32 yrs) were imaged using a GE Signa 3T MRI and an 8-channel transmit-receive knee coil. Each subject was imaged 20–22 times with sagittal proton-density 3D-FSE-Cube with different TR, BW, ETL, NEX and acceleration factor combinations for a total of 146 scans. Imaging parameter ranges used were TR 1000–5750ms, BW ±31.25–125kHz, ETL 45–120, NEX 0.5–2 and autocalibrated parallel imaging acceleration factors of 1–3.75. All scans utilized fat saturation and the following fixed acquisition parameters: 35ms TEeff, 256x256 matrix, 16cm FOV, 180 slices at 0.6mm slice thickness. Noise-only data was acquired with RF turned off for each unique combination of parameters. Both signal and noise-only data were reconstructed offline to apply parallel imaging calibration weights, homodyne partial Fourier phase correction and multichannel image combination to the noise-only data (see Figure 1). For all 146 scans, SNRs were calculated for muscle, cartilage and synovial fluid, and CNRs were calculated for fluid and cartilage. VOIs were placed in the reconstructed signal images to measure mean signal intensities and duplicated in the noise-only reconstructions to measure noise. SNR and CNR were also calculated using the traditional foreground and background method. Tissue VOIs were maintained from the prior SNR measurement while noise was quantified as the standard deviation of background noise in a signal-free region anterolateral to the knee. Traditional SNR and CNR measurements using the foreground and background approach were compared to SNR and CNR calculated from signal and noise-only acquisitions using paired t-tests. RESULTS: SNRs calculated for muscle, cartilage and synovial fluid were significantly overestimated using the traditional foreground and background method (p < 0.0001). Average errors relative to measurements from the noise-only acquisitions were 299%, 376%, 224% and 250% for fluid SNR, muscle SNR, cartilage SNR and fluid-cartilage CNR, respectively (see Figure 2). Because signal intensity was unchanged for all SNR and CNR measurements, overestimation of SNR and CNR is attributable to underestimation of image noise. This observation follows the theoretical prediction of reduced noise in regions without signal due to spatially-varying geometry factors in parallel imaging [6]. CONCLUSION: Acquisition and reconstruction of noise-only data parallel to signal data provides measurements of image SNR and CNR significantly different from traditional foreground and background estimation methods in 3D-FSE-Cube acquisitions. While the reconstruction pipeline described was tailored for 3D-FSE-Cube acquisitions, this noise measurement technique is generalizable to any sequences utilizing parallel imaging, partial Fourier acquisition and multichannel image combination.


........................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................... VII DEDICATION .......................................................... XI TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................. XII LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................... XV LIST OF TABLES ..................................................... XVI 1. INVESTIGATING EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES IN TEACHING | LEARNING USING FINGER PULSE OXIMETERS...................................................... 1 A LITTLE ON MY ANXIETY ................................................. 4 In the home. ...................................................... 6 In school. ........................................................ 7 THE NIGHT BEFORE THE FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL ................................... 8 As a student. ..................................................... 8 Presentations. .................................................... 9 As a Teacher. .................................................... 11 WORKING WITH FINGER-PULSE OXIMETERS? ..................................... 13 HOW DOES THE FINGER PULSE OXIMETER WORK? .................................. 15 LEADING TO A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR EMOTIONALLY ADAPTIVE PEDAGOGY (EAP) ..... 19 2. OXIMETER ANALYSIS AND COGENERATIVE DIALOGUE EXPOSES HIDDEN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE................................................................. 24 OXIMETER ANALYSES IN TEACHING | LEARNING .................................. 26 WHAT HAPPENED TO BRING ABOUT THIS SALIENT EVENT? ............................ 30 WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE COGEN? ......................................... 34 SEVEN ANXIETY-RIDDEN CONCERNS FOR PETRA .................................. 44 PREPAREDNESS VERSUS BEING UNDERSTOOD ..................................... 51


Accurate readout of low-power optical higher-order spatial modes is of increasing importance to the precision metrology community. Such devices may prevent mode mismatches from degrading quantum and thermal noise mitigation strategies. Direct mode analysis sensors are a promising technology for real time monitoring of arbitrary higher-order modes. We demonstrate this technology with photo-diode readout to mitigate the typically low dynamic range of CCDs. We experimentally demonstrate the effect of a relative misalignment between the phase-plate and the photo-diode on the readout of higher-order modes, then derive this response. We then compute the residual the effects of the finite photo-diode aperture on the dynamic range and discuss implementation considerations for future sensors.


Endolymphatic hydrops (can only be diagnosed by postmortem histopathological examination of temporal bone) Immunological Mechanism Genetic Predisposition (AD inheritence) Viral Predisposition not proved Vascular Etiology (Migraine Association) (VIG viral vascular, immunological, genetic) RUPTURE THEORY Periodic ruptures of the membranous labyrinth, which result in leakage of the potassium-rich endolymph into the perilymph, are thought to be responsible for producing Meniere's attacks. 1. Initial Irritative Phase 2. Subsequent Paretic Phase 3. Recovery Phase Initial excitation of the hair cells as a result of the increased potassium concentration around their basal surfaces is thought to result in the initial irritative phase of an attack. The subsequent paretic phase is thought to result from a blockade of neurotransmitter release. Recovery phase – Healing of the rupture then allows restitution of the normal chemical composition of the endolymph and perilymph, resulting in termination of the attack and improvement in vestibular and auditory function. The gradual deterioration in inner ear function probably results from the effects of repeated ionic insults leading to degeneration of Hair cells.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health issue where kidney function progressively deteriorates over many years and ultimately results in complete kidney failure, known as end stage kidney disease [ESKD] (Johnson and Usherwood, 2005). Renal replacement therapy must be instituted once ESKD has been diagnosed to preserve life. The numbers of people being diagnosed with CKD are increasing with the dialysis-dependent population rising by an average of 6% per year over the past 10 years. This article reviews the status of CKD in Australia and examines how the primary health care (PHC) framework can be incorporated into the contextual nursing care of people with CKD. Exemplars explain how fi ve interconnecting principles of the PHC framework; accessibility; appropriate technology; increased emphasis on health promotion; intersectorial collaboration and public participation can be applied to the nursing management of people with CKD. Finally, specifi c areas where nephrology nursing research can be focused are suggested.


A mathematical model of wave-making resistance was established to study the influence of the wave-making resistance on the speed of amphibious vehicle,and it was calculated by using continuous source distribution algorithm.Unstructured grid and adaptive grid were adopted to implement discretization according to the structure of flow field outside running amphibious vehicle and the features of solution.The pressure field was obtained and the flow field was analyzed numerically by using computational flow dynamics(CFD).The results show that the method can be used to predict the maximum speed of amphibious vehicle and research anti-drag and speed increase.


—Power Swing Blocker (PSB) is a complementary part of distance relay protection that detects power swing, in order to prevent unintended operation of a distance relay. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is used in power system to control both active and reactive powers and its operation during power swing influences the performance of PSB. In this paper, two traditional methods for detecting power swing are analyzed in UPFC-compensated condition to show how UPFC influences the performance of these methods. The indices proposed for the above methods are examined in compensated condition. The results show that these indices may no longer work in systems with UPFC. Additionally, this paper proposes a new method for detecting power swing based on the phase angle of current at relay point and compares it with two other methods. The new method distinguishes power swing from a fault through the trend of the phase angle of current. Finally, intensive studies are performed and simulations demonstrate the merits of the proposed method.


New tax incentives in Canada have given rise to the development of drilling funds as financing vehicle for oil and gas exploration and development This paper overviews the key features of such funds, examining the form and type of such agreements, and marketing and securities regulation. The author analyzes and compares several recent Canadian and American drilling fund offerings.


The first International Conference for Sustainable Plantation (First ICSP) was conducted at IPB International Convention Center (IICC), Bogor, Indonesia. It was conducted to facilitate exchanges among estate crops researchers about the advance progress in estate crop research. The first ICSP was an immense success and attracting as many as 192 attendants. The participants were from Australia, Croatia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and the Netherland. One hundreed one presentations were presented in the first ICSP, by scientists from Indonesia, Japan, Australia, India and the Netherland. The major estate crops and plantations presented in the first ICSP include: cocoa, coconut, coffee, nutmeg, oil palm, rubber, pepper, sago palm, sugar cane, sugar palm, tea, and other miscellaneous plantation crops and research areas related to the crops.


Marijuana is a preparation from the Cannabis plant that is smoked. The active ingredient in Cannabis is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Hashish, charas, ganja, sinsemilla, bhang, and hash oil are some forms in which Cannabis is used. Marijuana or Cannabis use is becoming a major public health problem. According to Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) done in 2007 the percentage of students that used marijuana one or more times during their lives was 38.1% (95% CI: 35.5-40.7) and those that used marijuana in the past 30 days was 19.7% (95% CI: 17.8-21.8) (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). In a prevalence study of adults in 2001-02 in the United States it was found that 4.1% of the adults were marijuana users in the past year (Compton, Grant, Colliver, Glantz, & Stinson, 2004). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) has defined marijuana abuse as repeated instances of use under hazardous conditions; repeated, clinically meaningful impairment in social/occupational/educational functioning; or legal problems related to marijuana use; and marijuana dependence as increased tolerance, compulsive use, impaired control, and continued use despite physical and psychological problems caused or exacerbated by use. Compton and colleagues (2004) found that marijuana abuse increased from 0.9% in 1991-92 to 1.1% in 2001-02, and marijuana dependence increased from 0.3% to 0.4%. In absolute numbers this translates to an increase of 0.8 million people who are marijuana abusers or dependent on it thereby implying a significant public health problem. Several studies have been done to understand the determinants of marijuana use. A study by Tu, Rather, and Johnson (2008) examined gender differences with regard to marijuana use in a Canadian sample of adolescents. The study found that 47% of the sample had used marijuana. The characteristics of male heavy users were being in Grade 9 or higher, being Aboriginal, reporting poorer socio-economic status, never feeling like an outsider, frequently using alcohol and tobacco, and having lower satisfaction with family, friends, and school. The characteristics of female heavy users were being in higher grades, reporting poorer socio-economic status, having poorer mental health, having poorer academic performance, frequently using alcohol and tobacco, and having lower satisfaction with their school. An Australian study by Hayatbakhsh and colleagues (2008) examined early childhood factors for initiation of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana and found that disrupted families, drug-using parents, childhood problem behaviors, and poor parental monitoring and supervision in childhood were associated with early initiation. An American study by Brook, Saar, and Brook (2008) showed that exposure to violent television programs in late adolescence was related to marijuana use. A study done with Belgian teenagers found that Cannabis use was higher among general education students and truants (Kohn, Dramaix, Favresse, Kittel, & Piette, 2005). Another study by Kohn and colleagues (2004) found that age, amount of income in the family, strong peer group integration and tobacco use were associated with Cannabis experimentation; while age, gender, nationality, average family integration and other drugs use such as addiction to nicotine were related to the current consumption of marijuana. A study by Crano, Siegel, Alvaro, Lac, and Hemovich (2008) looked at the differences between resolute non users of marijuana, vulnerable non users and users. The three groups differed with regard to religiosity, delinquency (self and friends'), refusal strength, sensation seeking, parental monitoring and warmth, and adult supervision. In a study of maternal Cannabis use during early pregnancy it was found that the strongest determinant was Cannabis use by the biological father of the child followed by being single or having a partner without being married, childhood trauma and delinquency (El Marroun et al. …


The quality of life and the residential environment in an urban space are considerably influenced by Green Infrastructure. This results from the growing ecological awareness of society and the greater importance at-tached to the quality of the surrounding environment. Such an approach influences the city's image and its perception with respect to the quality of life. Olsztyn is an example of a city with exceptionally rich natural environmental assets, located in the cleanest region of Poland. The city is developing in line with the "Olsztyn: the Garden City" slogan. The objective of the article is to compare the results of a public opinion poll among city dwellers with respect to the quality of life in terms of natural environment resources.


This magnificent exhibition brings together about 90 sacred Polynesian artefacts frommuseums and private collections all over theworld, fromSt Petersburg toBelfast – representative of the art forms of most of the major island groups of Polynesia with a few exceptions. Credit for this exhibition must go to Dr Michael Gunn, senior Pacific art curator at the National Gallery of Australia and president of the Pacific Arts Association, who has been identifying these objects since 1995 and who has taken about a decade to prepare the groundwork for the exhibition. This is the first time most of the sacred objects have been brought together in the southern hemisphere, though a similar exhibition, Pacific Encounters: art and divinity in Polynesia 1760–1860, was mounted at the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England, in 2006 and again in Paris at the Musée du quai Branly in 2008. These two exhibitions were largely organised by Steven Hooper, director and professor of visual arts at the Sainsbury Research Unit for the Arts of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Both the Hooper and Gunn exhibitions were arranged strictly according to island groups, but whereas Hooper moved from the more sophisticated cultures of Hawaiʻi and the New Zealand Māori to the west, Gunn has followed a more logical progression from west to east, roughly following the original routes and settlement patterns of the original Polynesian navigators over several millennia. Of course the Polynesian gods or atua did not conform to these patterns and crisscrossed the Pacific as a result of cult expansion, exchange voyages and reverse migration. Attempts to plot the movement of the major god cults are fraught with difficulties. It is good to see the museums taking the lead in re-evaluating the sacred objects of Polynesia, though for a period these artefacts were undervalued and even culled from collections on the grounds that they were not truly Polynesian. Feather gods and objects covered with feathers had deteriorated in the London Missionary Society Museum, and when items in that collection were loaned to the British Museum in 1890 and finally bought by the museum in 1911, they continued to be undervalued. Some of the sacred objects sent to London by the missionaries seem to have disappeared. Were some destroyed and others sold? Where for instance is the sacred maroʻura (red feather girdle, insignia of royalty) of Raiatea? And where is the Latin manuscript in the British Museum's Polynesian collection describing the fertility practices of the ʻArioi Society in Tahiti?


Using data obtained from the Louisville Metro Emergency Medical Services, this article examined the spatial and temporal patterns of opioid overdoses in Louisville, Kentucky. We aggregated opioid overdoses to street segments and applied the optimized hot spot analysis to identify areas with significant high overdose rates. Multiple spatial regression models were used to explore the ecological risk factors potentially associated with the spatial variations of the epidemic. The results suggest an overall clustered pattern of opioid overdoses with all overdose incidents concentrated in less than 8% of all the street segments. The consecutive hot spots largely overlapped with the most disadvantaged inner-city neighborhoods in Louisville. Regression results provided statistical evidence regarding the effects of socioeconomic correlates including uninsured, vacancy rates, and criminal activity. The spatial discrepancy between the overdose hot spots and lack of medical facilities or hospitals in the disadvantaged neighborhoods points to the critical issue of health inequity.


For topological spaces X and F, let /:-¥-* F be any map. We define the relation in X by x ~ if /(x) = /(x1). This is clearly an equivalent relation in X and 난lerefore we have the quotient mapping Q : X t X/K(、f). X/K(了)is called the decomposition space of f. From Theorem 7.2 [2, Page 130] if f is continuous open surjection then X/K(/) is homeomorphic to Y. Starting with separation properties of the decomposition space, we have mentioned several o나ler topolog ical informations regarding the same linking these with known results available in the literature. We have discussed some results in [5] and [이.


The study investigated management strategies of Head teachers and parental support in special primary schools in Lagos state, Nigeria.The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprised all the The study investigated management strategies of Head teachers and parental support in special primary schools in Lagos state, Nigeria.The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprised all the seven School Heads and teachers in the special schools as well as all Parent Teacher Association (PTA) members in the schools. A sample of 31 respondents was used, 21 respondents were selected using the cluster sampling technique while 10 PTA members were sampled using the convenient sampling technique. The instruments used in the study for collecting data were a self-designed questionnaire titled "Influence of Management Strategies on Parental Support Questionnaire" (IMSPSQ) and an interview guide titled 'Influence of Management Strategies on Parental Support Interview Guide' (IMSPSIG).The validity and reliability of the instruments were ensured before use. Percentage and frequency counts were used to analyse the data collected. The result showed among others that providing parental support skill acquisition programmes, effective communication with parents, providing opportunities for parents to suggest ideas, involving different stakeholders and adoption of decentralized decision making approach were the various management strategies adopted in special primary schools in Lagos state. The result also showed that the level of influence of management strategies on parental support in special primary schools in Lagos State was moderate. The study recommended that government and other concerned organizations and bodies should sensitize schools and organize training programmes, seminars or conferences for Head Teachers and classroom teachers in primary schools on the importance of involving parents in school management.Key words: Management, Strategies, Parental Support, Special, Primary-Schools


Particular attention has focused on attempts to identify the "ideal candidate" for conscious sedation, and on the importance of providing patients with information before the procedure, which should be matched to each patient's style of coping. Before detailed information about a medical procedure is given blindly, the clinician should investigate whether such information will benefit or adversely affect the patient receiving it.


Nutritional health in HIV-infected patients is critical because it optimizes existing immune system function, can help reduce the incidence of complications of HIV disease, reduces the overall cost of medical care, helps achieve maximum benefit from drug therapies, and improves the patient's quality of life. The following areas of nutrition relative to HIV disease are discussed: nutrition and the immune system; malnutrition and cost of medical care; the immune system; nutritional status and immune function; the effects of HIV disease on nutritional status; and the nutritional management of HIV disease. It is advised that, in order to be most cost-effective and have the greatest benefits, nutritional intervention should begin at the time of HIV disease diagnosis and continue throughout the disease process. Nutritional therapeutic options include nutrition education and counseling, oral supplements and, when necessary, appetite stimulants, anabolic agents and enteral or parenteral nutrition.


Objective To explore the role of oxidative stress in the initiation and development of experimental diabetic nephropathy.Methods Levels of MDA and the total SOD activity were tested in the whole kidney at 1 month,3 months and 6 months of experimental rat diabetes induced by streptozotocin.The pathological changes of diabetic rats were examined by light microscopy.Results The MDA level increased significantly in the diabetic group as compared to control group at all time intervals(2.16±0.57 vs 1.18±0.18,P0.01,2.03±0.39 vs 1.63±0.14,P0.05,2.09±0.26 vs 1.59±0.14,P0.01).The total SOD activity increased significantly in the diabetic group as compared to control group at 1 month(135.18±6.18 vs 88.49±8.29,P0.01),and dropped to baseline at 3 months,while decreased significantly at 6 months(30.30±2.01 vs 49.41±5.63,P0.01).Inspection of the renal tissue by light microscopy demonstrated that the diabetic rats exhibited pathological changes at 3 months and the changes were more serious with the diabetic duration.Conclusion Oxidative stress was found to occur before the initiation of diabetic nephropathy and was maintained in the development of diabetic nephropathy.This implies that the oxidative stress plays an important role in the initiation and development of diabetic nephropathy.


This essay considers a recent shift in scholarship on early modern women writers, away from studying what these women wrote to investigate how and where women's writings occurred. A critical focus on letters inscribed on whitewashed walls and funeral monuments, jewels and embroidered cloths, for instance, has supplied us with useful information about women's schooling and teachers, their gift-giving and household responsibilities, and scholars have demonstrated how poems and prayers also belong to this women's circulation of material things. Indeed, early modern women were not always seeking to transform their letters into literature, and this essay also briefly suggests other ways of reading the shapes and designs of women's letters. What Mercie Collyn describes as her 'small raggid secretary hand' is designed to throw off unauthorized readers, so that what looks like illiteracy, in other words, might just be another – and equally valuable – form of writing. Continued discussion of female literacy and female schooling in the early modern period should attend more closely to the many marks on cloths and walls – even the flourishes on Elizabeth Tudor's signature or alphabets adorning embroidered samplers – as evidence of an alternative use of letters by women in the early modern period.


Abstract Military bases are extremely polluted places, often contaminated with industrial wastes along with the various chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons of war. Today many former bases are converted to civilian use, a process requiring extensive remediation. The reuse of military bases involves extracting toxic sediments as well as the sedimented histories of war and military violence. This article examines questions of environmental injustice at two base conversion projects in San Francisco—at Naval Station Treasure Island and at the Hunters Point Naval Station—using Rob Nixon's (2011) concept of "slow violence." Slow violence emphasizes the dispersed and slow moving forms of environmental disaster and toxic suffering, expanding the spatialities and temporalities by which we might understand environmental injustice. In relation to Hunters Point and Treasure Island, the concept of slow violence suggests that these base conversion projects are not simply "cleanups," or breaks with the military's v...


Recently, plagiarism such as deleting keywords, changing the order of words, adjusting the sentence structure has also become more sophisticated than before. However, plagiarism detection systems usually fail to detect duplication, resulting in omissions, errors, etc. For better plagiarism detection, a model called ARTW, the word level author recognition framework inspired by writing style, extracting the writing style of the text and applying the writing style to recognize the author was proposed. The style crack indicates the position where the writing style changes and the text segmentation is performed according to the style crack. The recognition of style cracks is achieved by style feature extraction. Considering the style features from words, sentences and emotions, etc. This paper designs 7 features for style crack recognition, finds the location of the style crack based on the results of the style feature extraction combined with the clustering algorithm, and performs text segmentation according to style cracks. The author recognition is performed on each part based on the recognition of style cracks. Our experiment result shows that the ARTW model accuracy rate is 4∼5% higher than the SVM and 2∼3% higher than the Naive Bayes, which outperforms the traditional model of SVM and Naive Bayes.


The ultrasonic wave power has more and more applications in the biological treatment fields,especially in the cell disruption and biological enzyme catalysis.A completely new power supply system has been designed for the application of the cell wall breaking to extract coenzyme.The power control was introduced based on the characteristics of the biological medium extraction.The influences of ultrasonic frequency,output power and irradiation time on the crushing effect have been studied;and the concentration monitoring signal was used for the feedback control of the output power.The experimental results show that the highest efficiency of the coenzyme extraction can be achieved by choosing appropriate output power for different concentrations.


I propose a theoretical mechanism that offers a possible explanation for the post-Great Recession stagnation experience observed in many industrialized countries. The theory is based on failures in the coordination of the beliefs of productive and innovative agents. In the model, an innovative sector determines endogenously the long-run growth rate of the economy, and research exhibits positive spillovers. Failing to internalize the general equilibrium effects of their innovation decisions, agents can coordinate into pervasive equilibria in which no innovation occurs, which leads the economy to growing through lowerand older-quality production for as long as pessimism persists. Through simulations, I show that the model can generate patterns that are qualitatively similar to those experienced by the U.S. output and private R&D investment since the 2008 financial crisis. In particular, output drops on impact due to the endogenously generated, belief-driven recession, and the subsequent recovery is sluggish and settles around a trend that is both lower and flatter than its pre-crisis level. ∗New York University, Department of Economics: 19 W 4th street, 10012 New York, NY. I am thankful to Edouard Schaal and Jess Benhabib for their guidance and advice. I also thank Laurent Cavenaile, Diego Daruich, Miguel de Faria e Castro, Julian Kozlowski, Ilse Lindenlaub, and Ewout Verriest for valuable comments and suggestions at different stages of the project. All errors are my own. Comments are very welcome. E-mail: email@example.com.


In August 1980, observations of seismic waves generated by 35 explosions, one on land and the others at sea, were conducted at about 60 sites on land and four sites at sea bottom in a profile from Hatoyama to off Izu Peninsula to obtain the crustal structure in the northern part of the Philippine Sea plate. The profile, approximately parallel to the Suruga trough, crosses the Kan'nawa fault area, Hakone volcanoes, Izu Peninsula, and the Zenisu ridge.By the time term analysis, a velocity of 5.9 km/s was obtained for the granitic layer and a velocity of 6.8 km/s for the basaltic layer. The Pn velocity of 7.7 km/s was assumed for the time term analysis on the basis of travel time data in this experiment as well as previous results. The crustal structure thus obtained shows an interesting transition from the continental to oceanic type towards the Shikoku basin. It is possible that there are offsets in the upper boundaries of the granitic and the basaltic layers and in the Moho. Since these offsets are located in a narrow zone, this zone might be the boundary between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasian plate. Comparison of hypocenter distribution along the profile with the crustal structure supports the above idea since the pattern of hypocenter distribution between the two sides of the offset zone differs. This comparison also shows that earthquakes take place in the granitic layer beneath the Izu Peninsula. The distribution of observed Bouguer gravity anomaly along the profile is consistent with that expected from the crustal structure.


The article reflects individual successes in the development of agriculture, which has shown its "vitality" in difficult economic conditions, as can be judged by the steadily increasing level of self-sufficiency of the country with the main types of agricultural products, raw materials and food, a significant reduction in their imports and an increase in exports. However, the development of agriculture does not allow solving its systemic problems more actively, carrying out accelerated import substitution on a rational scale, reducing significant regional differentiation in the standard of living of the rural population, adequately paying for the work of an employee. In this regard, in order to solve the key problems of agricultural development, its state support is necessary, regardless of the impact on the industry of various risks, threats and force majeure circumstances. To do this, the State should observe the principle of special priority in relation to the development of agriculture, commensurate with the possibility of achieving its goals and real financing, based on its strategic importance for the country and as a special way of life for almost one quarter of its population. Only under such conditions will the priority of agriculture be neither declared nor onetime, but will become a strategy for its development, mainly of the advanced type, regardless of the presence and appearance of many internal and external risks, threats and challenges.


PURPOSE: To reduce the quantity of nitrogen oxides to be released by lowering the temp. of a flame at the center thereof while maintaining the high energy density in the vicinity of a doghouse (raw material charging port). CONSTITUTION: In a glass melting furnace where air for combustion is preheated by the waste heat of a combustion gas in a regenerator 5 and burners 4, 8 are freely switchable at two levels, a stoichiometric excessively little combustion region (2) is formed at the upper section inside the furnace by the burner 4, and a stoichiometric excess combustion region (3) is formed at the lower side thereof by the burner 8. In a mixed region of the remaining combustion, the combustion gas is placed under stoichiometric conditions. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Under the increasingly speed development and intense competition in the tourism industry,fully excavating the traveling resources of national culture and enhancing the cultural level of the traveling areas is the most important way for the tourism sustainable development and the social ecology benefit growth.This article mainly discusses the significance of developing Manchu culture traveling and analyzes the present conditions and problems during the development of Manchu culture in Heilongjiang Province.Finally,the author attempts to construct the traveling development model for the Heilongjiang Province's Manchu culture.


Objective To explore the effects of preoperative radiotherapy for serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC-Ag) in patients with carcinoma of uterine cervix.Methods All 65 cases with carcinoma of uterine cervix in oncology department of our hospital were randomly divided into observation group(33 cases) and control group(32 cases).The control group treated only with operation.The observation group treated with preoperative radiotherapy.Comparative analysis the serum VEGF,SCC-Ag of two group patients before and after treatment.Results The serum VEGF,SCC-Ag of two groups after operation were decline than pretherapy,and was statistically significant difference(P0.05 or P0.01).The observation group was better than control group(P0.05).The recent survival rate in observation group was 90.91% which was better than 71.88% in control group(P0.05).There was no significant difference for complication in these two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Preoperative radiotherapy can clear reduce the level of serum VEGF,SCC-Ag in patients with carcinoma of uterine cervix,and the prognosis is well.


The problematic addressed in this article is the challenge initiated by the Arab revolutions to reform the Arab political system in such a way as to facilitate the incorporation of 'democracy' at the core of its structure. Given the profound repercussions, this issue has become the most serious matter facing the forces of change in the Arab world today; meanwhile, it forms the most prominent challenge and the most difficult test confronting Islamists. The Islamist phenomenon is not an alien implant that descended upon us from another planet beyond the social context or manifestations of history. Thus it cannot but be an expression of political, cultural, and social needs and crises. Over the years this phenomenon has presented, through its discourse, an ideological logic that falls within the context of 'advocacy'; however, today Islamists find themselves in office, and in a new context that requires them to produce a new type of discourse that pertains to the context of a 'state'. Political participation...


Since the issuance of UCRL 50400 Vol. 23, ENSL and CDRL: Evaluated Nuclear Structure Libraries, errors have been noted in half-lives. Most of these errors were for half-lives represented in exponential form, where the exponent is positive. This situation occurs only when the unit for half-life is years. A few errors were associated with ground states having unknown half-lives. These were incorrectly labeled as stable (i.e., a value of 1.0 E + 50 s was entered). Such ground states are assigned half-lives of 1.0 E - 20 s in the new version of the two data files. In all, we found a total of 65 levels that had incorrect half-lives. These levels and the corrected half-lives are listed.


Food chain contamination is one of the important pathways which contributes 90% of heavy metals in comparison of other sources like inhalation and dermal contact. The increased uptake of heavy metals by plants may sometimes produce toxic effects in plants and subsequently to its consumers along the chain. In this study, the accumulation of the metals; Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb in the roots, stem, leaves and seeds of Arachis hypogea were determined. Fresh sample of roots, stem, leaves and seeds of groundnut were obtained from six different farms located in three different sites in Biriyel, Bayo Local Government Area, dried, ground and sieved. The sieved sample was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy following digestion with aqua regia (3ml HNO3 + 9ml HCl i.e. ratio 1:3). The results showed that, the levels; 0.311±0.03, 0.018±0.07, 0.021±0.11, 0.023±0.08, and 0.021±0.22 μg/g Cd were observed in the soil, roots, stem, leaves and the seed respectively. Chromium and Cobalt were not detected in the stem, leaves and the seed of the crop. Copper had the concentrations of, 0.451±0.21, 0.097±0.09, 0.075±0.15, 0.090±0.03 and 0.126±0.07 μg/g Cu in the soil, roots, stem, leaves and the seed respectively. High levels of 0.390±0.36, 0.359±0.25, 0.032±0.10 and 0.304±0.11μg/g Zn were observed in the root, stem, leaves and the seed of the crop in the order; seed >leaves >stem >root. High level of Ni was observed in the seed (0.085±0.03μg/g Ni) followed by the leaves 0.054±0.09 μg/g, and the root had 0.041±0.31μg/g whereas the stem has the lowest concentration of 0.008±0.12 μg/g. The levels; 1.375±0.35, 1.408±0.19, 1.463±1.02 and 1.429±0.51 μg/g were observed for Pb in the root, stem, leaves and the seed of the crop respectively. Concentrations of the elements observed in this study were all within the maximum permissible limits of consumption set by FAO/WHO which signify the safety of consuming the crop. All results were found significantly not different at P = 0.05


In this paper, the main research is whether Bitcoin has the property of hedge currency. It also shows how bitcoin and cryptocurrencies have fared in financial crises over the past 20 years. This is despite the fact that the volatility of bitcoin has long been debated around the world, and most people believe that a volatile and highly volatile currency is not a safe haven. But the fact is, although the birth time of bitcoin is very short, but in every financial crisis, it has a strong ability to rise, so to some extent, Bitcoin is actually a very realistic hedging property. And among cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin has the absolute suppression of hedge properties, compared with other altcoins. Bitcoin's rise and fall have been astonishing, but it has been remarkably stable compared to altcoins.


Abstract A time filter that passes waves with periods in the 2.5-6.0 day band is applied to a six-winter record of the Nimbus-7 THIR/TOMS high cloudiness and the NMC 500-mb geopotential height in the northern extratropics. The strongest correlations between fluctuations in geopotential and high cloudiness are found in the baroclinic waveguides, where the fields of both geopotential and high cloudiness exhibit 1arge variabilities. Over many grid points in the waveguides, positive anomalies in high cloud areas are found to be approximately one-third of a wavelength to the east of negative anomalies in 500-mb heights (band-pass troughs), and negative anomalies in high cloud arms are found to be approximately one-sixth of a wavelength to the west. A map of the standardized anomalies in the cloud area associated with height fluctuations above the mean forms a simple negative of the map of the cloud anomalies associated with height fluctuations below the mean. The analysis presented here suggests that the high ...