We present a concept that integrates geological borehole information with geophysical resistivity information to produce optimized clay thickness maps. Geostatistical estimation and non-linear inversion are used to optimize a function translating geophysical resistivity models to geophysical clay thickness. The concept minimizes the difference between reported clay thicknesses in boreholes and calculated clay thicknesses based on geophysical resistivity models. We call it geoStatistical estimation of Structural Vulnerability (SSV). For sedimentary areas the cumulated clay thickness in the upper part of the subsurface is an important factor for the water infiltration speed and thereby the vulnerability of underlying aquifers to pesticides, nitrate etc. Borehole information contains the most detailed information on the clay thickness, but most often borehole information is too sparse for the detail level required in actual mapping situations. However, the amounts of clay are also reflected in the resistivity of the sediments and thereby in geophysical data having resistivity as the physical measuring parameter. The geophysical data often has the desired spatial coverage (Christensen and Sørensen, 1998, Thomsen et al., 2004). In short, the concept incorporates: 1. Clay thicknesses in boreholes cumulated for some interval with accompanying uncertainties. 2. Layered models obtained from inversion of geophysical data including parameter uncertainties. 3. A spatial interpolation (kriging) from the positions of the geophysical models to the positions of the boreholes. The uncertainties of the geophysical clay thicknesses, originating from the geophysical models, are carried through the interpolation together with the uncertainty on the interpolation itself. 4. A non-linear inversion scheme minimizing the difference between observed clay thicknesses and calculated clay thicknesses The concept has been employed in a couple of vulnerability mapping campaigns in Denmark with promising results. We show an example in which SSV was used to produce an optimized geophysical clay thickness map. The optimized map greatly improved the overview of the data and it improved the basis for decisions regarding the area planning.


Processing a biological prosthesis tissue, tissue with a pre-heat treatment or pH adjusted fixed tissue to glutaraldehyde solution prior to contact, by contacting or otherwise bathing the unfixed tissues or partially fixed tissue . The prior heat treatment, or pH adjustment of the glutaraldehyde solution, the free aldehyde concentration is about 25% or more, preferably 50% reduction, and, for optimal fixation of the tissue at high or low temperatures, the desired concentration and pH in "stabilized" glutaraldehyde solution is obtained. This process reduces the tendency of tissue calcification after being implanted in a human or an animal patient. The heat treatment or pH adjusted glutaraldehyde solution also, in some cases, be used as a terminal sterilization solution obtained, as a result, the calcification reducing process and sterilization at pretreated glutaraldehyde, simultaneously and / or one One of may be performed in a vessel.


The following sections are included:IntroductionThe Definition of the Network Organization and its FeaturesThe Previous Studies on Management Control of the Horizontal OrganizationThree Purposes to Participate in the NetworkConclusionReferences


This paper investigates relational interdependencies among non-stationary variables such as interest rates, inflation and GDP growth rate to that with business cycle. To show co-relational interdependencies among variables, we procreate a functional prototype based on interest rate dynamics using Bezier interpolation model that ember changes impacting on business and economic cycles. We also study the dynamic changeable characteristics and the cyclical behavior of the Federal Funds Rate in the long run, and using measured approach, we try to determine its path prognostic features, the likely impact of structural shocks on their counterparts, and on the business cycle as a whole. We find that our modeled approach being effectual.


The Referral center (RC) of the Matica Srpska Library (MSL) provides during 2002 information from the following databases: 1. Science Ciation Index – SCI (1945-2002) – for natural sciences, 2. Social Sciences Citation Index – SSCI – (1956-2002) – for social sciences and 3. Arts & Humanities Citation Index – A&HCI (1975-1991, 2000-2002) – for art and literature. The bibliographic information is being obtained since 1985 but records with abstracts are available since 1992. The three science citation indexes cover over 8.400 prestigious and most cited world journals. They can be searched by subject and used for the examination of the researchers' impact factors. These information are accessible on CD-ROMs, Internet (Web of Science), and the DIALOG host. MSL owns many databases on CD-ROMs (AGRIS, AGRIS Caris, UNESCO Databases, FAO Documentation, INDEX Translationum, ProQuest Medical Library, etc.). The DIALOG host enables users to access online and 24 hours a day to million documents stored into 450 databases in different fields. Most of the information are with abstracts only though the full text databases are also available. During 2002, MSL obtained several full text databases for search via Internet: eIFL, Idealibrary, ProQuest Medical Library, Link i Free Emerald. Primary documents acquisition is done in collaboration with British Library Document Supply Centre, and article ordering is performed electronically (through ART – Automated Request Transmission). The MSL Referral Center provides its services to the users of the Novi Sad University and cooperates with many users from around the country.


This paper summarizes the safety management of 33 mechanically ventilated patients with daily interruption of conscious sedation.The key points in nursing are proper assessment of disease severity before daily interruption of sedation,close monitoring of vital signs,psychological nursing and monitoring of patients' condition,prevention of accidental extubation,ventilator antagonistic and stress-induced hypertension.No serious complications or adverse events occurred during interruption period of sedation.


This study aims to conduct a critical analysis related to innovative learning methods that can be applied in learning Hindu Religious Education. Hindu Religious Education is a subject that must be given to Hindu students at all levels wherever they are which has been regulated in the constitution. The role of the Hindu Religious Education teacher is necessary in order to convey a complete understanding of Hindu Religious Education to students, and teachers need learning methods in the process. The dasa dharma learning method, with four new methods namely dharma carita, dharma lila, dharma kriya and dharma brata can be an innovation made by teachers in learning. This research is a qualitative research with a literature study approach, meaning that the data obtained are secondary sources from articles, journals or books which are then analyzed by data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study are that the application of the dasa dharma method will greatly assist teachers in inculcating Hindu Religious Education material which generally consists of tattwa, susila, dan upacara. The dharma carita method can be used in providing material related to the cultivation of ethics/susila such as itihasa/purana stories. Meanwhile, with the dharma lila method, material related to tattwa can be provided, such as an understanding of the panca sradhas with the game of snakes and ladders of belief. The dharma kriya method can be used in materials related to upacara such as training in making ceremonial tools, then the dharma brata method to practice self-control and grow spiritual intelligence in students


We observed optical coherence images of tumor spheroids based on transmission geometry photorefractive holography using a photorefractive quantum well device. The experimental setup consists of a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a fs-laser for detecting degenerate four-wave mixing signals. The photorefractive multiple quantum well was used as an adaptive holographic film in real-time optical coherence imaging. By changing the length of one of the arms in the interferometer, the holograms of the ballistic component were acquired and the scattered backgrounds were rejected. The holograms with different angles between and sample orientation and the optical beam axis were acquired and can be used for reconstruction of 3D structures.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of pre-surgery psychological intervention on psychological and physiological state of anesthesia patients.Methods 64 cases of surgical patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group.Patients in the control group underwent routine preoperative visits,while patients in observation group were given psychological care interventions.Self-Rating anxiety scale(SAS) and perceived stress scale(CPSS) were used to evaluate the mental state,blood pressure and heart rate were sued to assess physiological condition.Results lday preoperative and7 days postoperative surgery,the SAS score,CPSS score of observation group were significantly lower than 3 days preoperative surgery.1 day preoperative surgery,the SAS score,CPSS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group.1 day preoperative surgery,the preoperative systolic blood pressure and heart rate of observation group were significantly lower than that of preoperative 3 days;these physiological indicators the observation group were significantly lower than the control group 1 day preoperative surgery.Conclusion Preoperative psychological intervention can alleviate anxiety,reduce stress,reduce tension,blood pressure and heart rate,maintain mental and physical state normal,which is good to anesthesia.


The operation and performance of the first etched-mirror high-loss (ray unstable) semiconductor diode lasers are reported and discussed. This is an alternate approach to conventional plane-parallel stripe geometry diode lasers or monolithic laser arrays for obtaining improved mode control and higher power.


In order to analyze hoarseness of the voice disorders, new phonation analyzer was used. The voice was put in a hot wire spirometer (MINATO IKA Co. LTD, Japan) and was memorized by a memory circuit. The date was visualized by an oscilloscope or pen writing recorder. The human voice was analyzed from viewpoints of the par ameters of the intensity, pitch and mean flow rate. An oscilloscope, part of the ap paratus, was enable to demonstrate the relationship between intensity-mean flow rate, pitch-mean flow rate and intensity-pitch dimentionally. For instance, the value was plotted as a brilliant spot in abscissa for intensity and in ordinate for mean flow rate via a feed back memory system. The examinee was vocalized /a:/ by a mouth piece, and was spoken of a paragraph by a mask. The maximum sustained phonation time was measured automatically. Twenty adult female and ten adult male were volunteers, aged from twenty to forty eight. The curve in male which was demonstrated by intensity (abscissa) and mean flow rate (ordinate) was characteristic as a unique pat tern compared with the one in female. Generally in male (normal subject), the mean flow rate was minimum in moderate intensity of speech range and was gradually in creased from minimum intensity to maximum in order. Change in intensity-mean flow rate of female was not dynamic. After the normal pattern of each relationship among intensity, pitch and mean flow rate was decided, the voice disorders were checked and compared. A vocal cord polyp, a laryngeal nodule and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy showed characteristic patterns.


Based on the interior point approach, we present in the paper an algorithm forthe parametric linear complementarity problem (LCP). The algorithm is proved to befinite, and upperbound for its iteration times is also provided.


Case report A 4-week-old girl was referred to the South Wales Cochlear Implant Programme following diagnosis of a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss after being picked up by NewBorn Hearing Screening Wales. The Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the inner ear showed the following dysplastic features, the main being dilated cystic vestibules (Fig. 1A and F , double arrows). On the left, there was a Mondini variant with a normal basal turn and incomplete partitioning of the middle and apical turns of the cochlea. On the same side the lateral semicircular canal can be seen discrete to the dilated cystic vestibule. On the right, there is only a cochlea basal turn with the absence of middle or apical turns. In addition, the vestibular abnormality is greater as the lateral semi-circular canal is fused with the vestibule to form a common cavity. These CT abnormalities are illustrated in Fig. 1A–F.


Annual continuous cropping technology with high yield and high efficiency for wheat and rice in the northern part of Yancheng City were summarized based on the breeding research of wheat japonica rice at present,practice and ideas from the test of continuous cropping of wheat-rice double high yield,so as to provide technical reference for growers in the northern part of Yancheng City.


This technique is divided into two parts: the container seedling raising and container seedling planting. The process includes: the making of the container; development of potting mixture; seed treatment and sowing; water and fertilizer application and container seedling planting etc.. This technique can raise the breeding efficiency, improve the quality of seedling and increase survival rate of planting, prolong the afforestation period and, thus accelerate the process of afforesting barren hills and mountains.


PROLAPSE OF a fallopian tube into the vagina following vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy is an unusual complication which often is mistaken for chronic granulation tissue. Although ectopic pregnancies have been reported, more commonly the patient is asymptomatic or complains of persistent or cyclic watery discharge and pelvic discomfort. The following case is unique in that both fallopian tubes were involved in a fistula communicating with the vagina.


Objective To evaluate the effect of 160W greenlight straight light beam photoselective vaporization of prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods A total of 30 BPH patients were randomly divided into two groups treated with either 160W greenlight side light beam PVP (n=15) or 160W greenlight straight light beam PVP (n=15). The mean operation time,bleeding volume,short-term effect and complications were recorded and analyzed. Results The IPSS, QOL, Qmax, RUV were greatly improved in both groups after operations (P0.01) and significant differents(P0.05)were observed. But the operating time was significantly shorter in 160 W greenlight straight light beam PVP than 160 W greenlight side light beam PVP (P0.05). Conclusions Treatment with 160 W greenlight straight light beam PVP has advantages in operation time,rapid recoverg duration,and less camplications compared with 160 W greenlight side light beam PVP.It provide a new operation method for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.


International commerce can be determined by the political climate between the exporter and the importer. Arms transfers are a much complex process, where beyond economic factors, alliance ties, security perception and defence planning are also considered. Still, they might not be independent of political relations. This paper aims to capture the arms supplier–recipient relations between the Visegrád countries and Russia, the United States and Germany from 1999 to 2020. More specifically, how do the two factors affect each other: are good political relations necessary for arms deals? Or do arms deals facilitate a friendly political climate? Our conclusion is as follows. On the one hand, a cooperative political climate increases the probability of arms deals, but they are not a necessity, as mutual benefits and security perceptions can override the current political climate. On the other hand, however, arms transfers can deepen cooperation or alleviate the existing differences between the parties.


A basic Petri Nets flow model of online mall's foreground and background order process is presented in this paper.In order to guarantee the orders not being lost,processors and senders check the orders at the same time.Moreover,the verification of this model is proposed through S-invariants technology.


For the further improvement of a safety, a safety level of a current regulation should be verified. Because some requirements of the regulation had been provided empirically, it is important to verify the safety level in terms of a freeboard, which is one of factors for the safety of a ship. In particular, there has been a significant change in terms of ship types and its size after the provision of the current regulation of the freeboard. It is important not only for conventional ships but also for new type of ships to clarify the safety level and the technical background in the current regulation. Based on this background, the safety level in terms of a freeboard and a sheer was assessed by means of a series of model tests and an analytical study. It was confirmed that a freeboard, which is provided by the current regulation, ensure the adequate safety level in terms of deck wetness. It was also confirmed that there is a room for the modification of a standard sheer in the current regulation.


Realization of frequency-controlled generators and frequency synthesizers in short wavelength frequency range are carried out for solving problems of electromagnetic metrology and laser frequency stabilization. The report presents results that have been obtained recently. For the development of microwave radiation sources and microwave synthesizers, the main tasks were achieving guaranteed frequency stability which was provided by quantum frequency standards (10/sup -12/... 10/sup -13/), spectral purity, assurance of required velocity of rearrangements and discreteness.


Review(s) of: Warships after Washington: The development of the five major fleets 1922-30, by John Jordan, London Seaforth, 30.00, 338 pages


Water geochemical survey,one of the geochemical exploration methods,has a great advantage in search for hidden ores and in evaluation of ecological environment for human residence.Based on a review of the history and present situation of water geochemical survey in the world,it is held that in this field we should pay special attention to such aspects as basic theory,mineral exploration,environmental survey and monitoring,earthquake prevention and hazard mitigation as well as combination of varied methods so as to improve the technique of water geochemical survey and bring its role into full play.


Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect on functional constipation.Methods:168 cases were randomly divided into two groups : the standard group,68 cases,took chinese medicine called marenrunchangwan,3~12 g/ each time,two times a day;the treatment group,70 cases,treated by traditional chinese medicine called purge decoction,two times a day,one dose a day.The total therapeutic period was two weeks.Results:There was a significant difference(P0.05) between the standard group and the treatment group.Conclusion:The results of the study indicate that purge decoction is effeicacious and safe for the treatment of senile functional constipation.


Abstract We used binding assays and other approaches to identify fragments of the Escherichia coli RNAP β subunit involved in the obligatory interaction with the α subunit to form the stable assembly intermediate α2β as well as in the interaction to recruit the β′ subunit into the α2β sub-assembly. We show that two regions of evolutionarily conserved sequence near the C terminus of β (conserved regions H and I) are central to the assembly of RNAP and likely make subunit-subunit contacts with both α and β′.


The effectiveness of five different serotonin antagonists in the prevention of migraine, was compared in a clinical trial involving 290 patients followed for periods up to three years. Considering only the initial treatment given to the patient on first attending the clinic, methysergide was more effective than BC-105 (pizotyline) (P < 0.01) or placebo (P < 0.001). The results obtained with BC-105 were significantly better than those with placebo (P < 0.02). The total improvement rates with methdilazine and cyproheptadine were better than those with placebo but did not achieve statistical significance. Methylergol carbamide maleate did not give better results than placebo.


The mechanism of increased competion depth due to tamper weights and blow counts isexplained from impaction theory and the formula of tamping energy distribution in depth. The reasonwhy the sandy soil is easier of competion than the clayey soil is discussed.


In rural India access to education could act as a catalyst to change. Persons acquiring education could break through some of the social and cultural norms associated with certain occupations. However, access to education and the capacity to use it for economic betterment could differ by caste and religion. In independent India, social policies such as the reservation of seats in higher education and jobs in the public sector were intended to help break some of these entry barriers for communities facing centuries of social exclusion and discrimination. The focus of this paper is on the premium on income associated with educational investment and how this varies with ethnic groups. The probit regressions indicated that education, even at the primary level, increased the probability of obtaining a highly coveted salaried job. A 'circle of contacts', through other family members engaged in such jobs, also increased access to a salaried job. Educational attainment, even at very low levels, was a definite route out of poverty for the Scheduled Caste and Tribe households. Aided by the reservation policy, these communities were able to obtain salaried jobs and reap high returns to education. However, when forced to undertake self-employed activities in non-agriculture they did not fare well.


The theme of this study is the Autistic Spectrum Disorder and the inclusion of students with this disorder. Students with this disorder have difficulties being included in regular classes because of their special educational needs and, many times, because people do not understand their needs and have no training to deal with these children. The study's general objective is to demonstrate strategies that are used by teachers to enable autistic children to have the right to quality inclusive education. It is a bibliographic research with a qualitative approach, based on the reading of texts, articles, monographs and books about the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the behavior of the individual with this disorder in the school environment and the challenges faced to make the inclusion process of this student. The theme has social relevance, since the child diagnosed with autism is labeled and stigmatized, seen as a student who has a "problem" and will not learn. Inclusion is a very complex process and demands a lot of preparation and knowledge from the professionals included, so it is essential that all teachers receive appropriate preparation during their initial training and continuous professional development.


The form of animation has been changing in various ways, as a result of the appearance of digital media which caused digitalization of society. In this study, I would like to consider the changes and characteristics of contemporary animation form. Experiment of analog animation films in the past, has been changed to common way according to the digitalization. Also, technical changes as well as changes of cultural style and consciousness have been effecting on transformation of contemporary experimental animation. We will see how the changes has been working in respect of images, narration, motion, based on media theory.


Student's overage for their grade level can bring stigmas with them to the classroom. These students can have a marked impact not only on the classroom, but also on the environment of the school, the effectiveness of the teacher, and the other at grade level students with whom they interact. This research based narrative presents teacher perspectives on the impact these overage students have in their classrooms and on the other at grade level students. Additionally, teacher perceptions of these students' academic and social development are discussed. Suggested teacher training and professional development strategies are also offered as support tools.


Following the detection of a new outburst from the transient X-ray binary GRS 1736-297 (ATels #8698, #8704), we requested Director's Discretionary Time radio observations with the VLA to classify the source via its radio emission and more precisely localize its position.


A tendency to the folk means eternity, memorized by the people of all age. Works of Zhang Ailing are as such. This article is intended to base on the point of folk view to give the readers something to reconsider why Zhang Ailing has been lost in public.


In this paper, we examine Routley/Sylvan's suggestion that the logic to be employed in quantum mechanics is a relevance logic, and how that would affect the plausibility of certain ideas in the scope of no-go theorems like Bell's.


The aim of this paper is to describe the substance use of participants who are at‐risk for serious mental illness (SMI).


Yarns containing textile fibers and fine metal fibers in their structure are often used to produce electrically conductive fabrics. The blending quality of the fiber components in a yarn significantly affects the properties of the yarn and the produced fabric. Therefore, the arrangement of metal fibers in yarn structures needs to be analyzed, which can be done using image analysis and spatial statistics methods. One of the aims of this paper is to introduce a suitable methodology for obtaining adequate cross-sections of a yarn containing metal fibers that would allow the usage of objective image analysis methods to identify the component fibers for subsequent evaluation of spatial arrangement. In this paper, an algorithm for the objective segmentation of the component fibers in a yarn cross-section is proposed, and a methodology for evaluating the spatial arrangement of fibers using spatial statistics data is presented. The second aim is to study the specific arrangement of the fibers in hybrid yarns containing 20 wt% of a conductive component, more precisely extremely thin discrete stainless steel fibers, by the proposed methodology. Based on the results, it is concluded that the metal fibers in the cross-sections of this hybrid yarn are randomly arranged.


The use of 57 Fe Mossbauer radiation allows the study of protein crystal dynamics by a time-resolved analysis of X-ray scattering. In myoglobin crystals, the main source of the root mean squared amplitude of motions come from intramolecular protein dynamics. Segments of the size of an α-helix move collectively. Long-range correlated motions give only a minor contribution. Comparison with Mossbauer absorption spectroscopy shows that protein-specific dynamics is frozaen out below 200 K and the lattice dynamics in mainly responsible for the low-temperature behavior


Matsuzaki et al. generated and phenotypically characterized mice deficient for FANCJ and established that FANCJ functions either downstream from FANCD2 or in a parallel repair pathway. The findings presented support a model in which FANCJ counteracts the formation of secondary structures that arise during replication of microsatellite sequences, which minimizes the potential for strand slippage during DNA polymerization, thus implicating FANCJ as a key factor in human diseases.


Commonly, in the shipping industry of the developed Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, national seafarers are progressively being replaced by non-national ones. The present paper aims to provide a model for this tendency. Our analysis is based on the assumption that when shipowners are called to make decisions concerning crew characteristics (such as crew composition and employment levels), they address themselves to two distinct seafarer markets: the domestic (seafarers from OECD countries, henceforth to be referred to as 'national') and the non-national (seafarers from other countries). Whilst workers of the first market are better examples in the field of 'on-the-job-performance' (in terms of efficiency and loyalty) than workers of the second, shipowners set their domestic employment rule with the view to maximize their profits facing wages and 'on-the-job-performance' from national and non-national seafarers alike. Thus, national seafarers are chiefly recruited as officers and the employment level of non-national seafarers are residual, formed thereafter. Our findings point out that the employment rule concerning nationals is negatively affected by the former's wages, and positively by the wage increases of non-national seafarers and by eventual increases of the differential between the 'on the job performance' of nationals and that of non-national seafarers of corresponding specialisation.


The pattern of teaching English at different levels implemented by many colleges is one of the effective ways to carry out English educational reform and to improve English teaching quality. But there exists some problems in practical teaching which need immediate solving. The 3-year colleges must act according to students' study foundations and employment demands, respect teaching rules and use the principle of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" nimbly in order to consummate this teaching pattern.


Helium (He) irradiation has previously been observed to alter surface modifications and the recrystallization properties of tungsten (W). In this study, He irradiations in the NAGDIS-II linear plasma device, at temperatures below recrystallization and low energies (50 eV) followed by annealing at 1470 K were carried out. Additionally, high energy (28 keV) hydrogen (H) with an admixture of 6 at% He irradiations in the neutral beam facility GLADIS were performed at temperatures above recrystallization (1770 K). These are compared to pure H irradiations under the same conditions. In the low temperature cases, following irradiation, an undulating microstructure is observed on the surface of the samples after irradiation. After annealing at 1470 K, it is observed that the inhibition effect of He irradiation is more pronounced following lower temperature exposures. The effect of He irradiation on inhibition of recrystallization with grain growth is also observed to saturate at the highest fluences. In the high temperature, high energy case, He irradiation and recrystallization happens simultaneously. Following the irradiation a coral like microstructure is observed on the surface of the sample. The introduction of He is not seen to have a significant effect on the recrystallization process of W when the irradiation is carried out at temperatures above recrystallization.


Nonlinear Bessel beams in self-defocusing media are found to be the natural, non-diffracting background where vortex solitons can be nested, interact and survive for propagation distances that are one order of magnitude larger than in the usual Gaussian or super-Gaussian backgrounds. The dynamics of the vortex solitons approaches that in the ideal, uniform background, preventing vortex spiraling and decay, which eases vortex steering for applications.


The present invention relates to novel 1- (1 Formula 1 [Wherein, Q, R, X, Y and Z are as defined in the claims and the description. 1- (1


The electronic symmetry of the SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface was investigated by optical second harmonic generation, using superlattices with varying periodicity to study the evolution of the electronic reconstruction while avoiding substrate contributions. The superlattices show large perpendicular optical nonlinearity, which abruptly increases when the sublattice thickness goes above 3 unit cells, revealing substantial effects of the polar-nonpolar interface. The nonlinear 'active' area is primarily in SrTiO3, develops with increasing thickness, and extends up to 8 unit cells from the interface.


Histone proteins are promising carriers for delivery of recombinant nucleic acids in various cell cultures. Conjugates of proteins with fluorescent dyes are modern tools in the study of cellular transport and intracellular distribution of important biopolymers. The aim of this work was to optimize the method of recombinant histone H1.3 conjugation with photoactivatable fluorescent dye. Also we studied intracellular penetration and subcellular localization of the resulting conjugate. Resulting conjugate was capable of intensive fluorescence in the red region of the spectrum after irradiation with violet light. The degree of conjugation was determined under different reaction conditions. A comparison of the cytotoxicity of histone H1.3 and its conjugate with photoactivated fluorescent dye in HeLa cells and its intracellular localization was characterized. We found that conjugates mainly localize in recycling endosomes and to a lesser extent in peroxisomes. Thus, the resulting conjugate of recombinant histone H1.3 with photoactivatable fluorescent dye can be used for further studies its anticancer activity and as carrier for drugs and nucleic acids delivery into human and animal cells.


In ordinary quantum theory, any mixed state can be purified in an enlarged Hilbert space by adding an ancillary system. The purified state does not depend on the state of any extraneous system with which the mixed state is going to interact or on the physical interaction. Here, we prove that it is not possible to purify a mixed state that traverses a closed timelike curve (CTC) and is allowed to interact in a consistent way with a causality-respecting (CR) quantum system in the same manner. In other words, if a CTC quantum system with a mixed state has to undergo an arbitrary interaction with an arbitrary CR system then it has to be in a ''proper'' mixture, as it cannot be regarded as a subsystem of a pure entangled state. Thus, in general for arbitrary interactions between CR and CTC systems, there is no universal purification by embedding in a larger Hilbert space for mixed states with CTCs. This shows that in quantum theory with CTCs there can exist proper and improper mixtures.


In the practice of students' participating in the democratic management both abroad and at home,there is a common characteristic that this practice must rely on the Student Union,which is a self-managed organization of students. Discussed and analyzed is how to strengthen and improve this practice in Institutions of Higher Learning by comparing the experience and practice abroad and at home.


This paper proposes a design method for a class D series-parallel (LC/sub s/C/sub p/) resonant inverter suitable to drive high-intensity discharge lamps. The high voltage needed to achieve the ignition of the lamp is reached by using the gain voltage of the resonant LC/sub s/C/sub p/ network with no auxiliary circuits for this purpose. By means of a soft start-up sequence the maximum voltage and current stress are maintained below prefixed values. In steady state, the operation point is calculated to limit the maximum power that the inverter delivers to the lamp. In this way, the variation of the lamp power caused by the lamp aging is limited in order to fulfil the standard. This design results in cost-effective circuits, simplifying the DC/AC power stage of an electronic ballast. The experimental results are given for two similar 100 W high-pressure sodium lamps with different aging.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the HIV prevalence and the frequency of injecting drugs among drug users from Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles in Amsterdam.

DESIGN
Descriptive study.

SETTING
Amsterdam streets.

METHOD
Participants were recruited in 1992 in the street and interviewed about their drug use behaviour, sexual life style and previous HIV test results. Blood or saliva samples were collected for HIV antibody testing.

RESULTS
Of 198 participants recruited, 185 (93%) were males. The mean age was 38 years. The mean duration of stay in the Netherlands was 19 years and mean duration of drug use 14 years. Sixty-eight percent of the participants received methadone treatment. Injecting drugs at any time was reported by 29 (15%) participants. Injecting drug users (IDU) more often had a steady partner who also injected or otherwise used drugs. Nearly one-quarter reported having had sex with a steady or casual IDU partner. HIV prevalence among IDU was 17% (5/29; 95%-CI 7.4-35%), among heterosexual male non-IDU 4.5% (7/156; 95%-CI 2.1-9.1%) and among female non-IDU 9.1% (1/11; 95%-CI 1.3-44%). HIV positive heterosexual non-IDU reported a higher mean number of heterosexual partners in the past 6 months (7.1 versus 1.3), more often had had hepatitis and more often were blood transfusion recipients than HIV negative heterosexual non-IDU.

CONCLUSION
HIV prevalence among IDU in this study did not differ from the prevalences found among other IDU in Amsterdam. However, HIV prevalence among heterosexual non-IDU originating from Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles was high when compared with other non-IDU heterosexuals in Amsterdam and may indicate the presence of heterosexual transmission of HIV. Underreporting of risk behaviour or transmission through blood transfusion however, cannot be excluded completely.


Solving scientific and engineering problems from the real world is a very complicated task, currently; hence, the development of powerful search and optimization techniques is of great importance [...]


In this study,water extract,75% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract from Litsea cubeba were tested for their antimicrobial activities against five common food borne pathogenic microbes.Meanwhile,thermal treatment,pH and UV irradiation affecting the antimicrobial activity of the 75% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract were also investigated.The results showed that the extracts sequentially inhibited five common microbes in the following order: ethyl acetate extract75% ethanol extractwater extract.Stability experiments revealed that the extracts were stable to heat.Meanwhile pH and UV irradiation had strong influence on the antimicrobial effect of the extracts,and the optimal pH was 5~7.The antimicrobial activity of the extract exhibited good stability when the time of UV irradiation was less than 10 min,but it obviously decreased or even disappeared after treatment for 30 min.


Acknowledgments The hadrons that make up everything we see today were not created immediately in the Big Bang. Rather, the early universe consisted of a dense nuclear medium that took a short time to expand and cool; this medium is called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP is characterized as a nuclear medium with sufficient energy density to overcome the strong coupling responsible for quark confinement. This makes QGP difficult to create and study, but it is suspected that this state is formed in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions (URHICs). In a collision there can be quarks created of every flavor (u, d, s, c, b, t), but the heavy quarks (notably b and c) are created early in the collision, making them a good probe of the QGP suspected to exist. The bottom quarks and anti-quarks mainly go into making B mesons, but a rare few create a bottomonium state (Y). We investigate transverse momentum spectra of bottomonium states in URHICs at RHIC and LHC energies; the goal of this research is to describe the regeneration of bottomonia from the QGP as it depends on transverse momentum (pT).


The Bauschinger effect in metallic materials including f.c.c. (face-centered cubic) and b.c.c. (body-centered cubic) materials such as pure alloys, casting alloys, copper alloys, aluminium alloys and metal matrix composite materials, and h.c.p. (hexagonal close packed) materials such as zirconium alloys and titanium alloys have been summarized comprehensively. The mechanism of Bauschinger effect is reviewed from the point of dislocation theory and internal stress (or back stress) that is responsible for the effect. Based upon these theories, the methods for calculating internal stress and models for simulating the effect are described briefly, which could explain the effect quantitatively. Finally, the measures to reduce or eliminate the effect have been pointed out, along with the issues to be researched in the future.


The author introduced the current situations of training system of general practitioners in China from,which included the quantity,educational background and the stability of the ranks.The author put forward some suggestions on the how to train high-quality general practitioners who possess the integrated skills of prevention,healthcare,medical care,as well as rehabilitation.


Based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and copula function, this study analyzed the meteorological drought in the upper Minjiang River basin. The Tyson polygon method is used to divide the research area into four regions based on four meteorological stations. The monthly precipitation data of four meteorological stations from 1966 to 2016 were used for the calculation of SPI. The change trend of SPI1, SPI3 and SPI12 showed the historical dry-wet evolution phenomenon of short-term humidification and long-term aridification in the study area. The major drought events in each region are counted based on SPI3. The results show that the drought lasted the longest in Maoxian region, the occurrence of minor drought events was more frequent than the other regions. Nine distribution functions are used to fit the marginal distribution of drought duration (D), severity (S) and peak (P) estimated based on SPI3, the best marginal distribution is obtained by chi-square test. Five copula functions are used to create a bivariate joint probability distribution, the best copula function is selected through AIC, the univariate and bivariate return periods were calculated. The results of this paper will help the study area to assess the drought risk.


The study results of determining the effect of the components of blood plasma taken from the donor dogs at distraction stage for limb lengthening according to Ilizarov on the healing process of skin wounds. The experiment was performed using 17 adult mongrel dogs in which a full-layered skin wound in the scapula area was produced. It has been revealed by histological methods that the use of the fraction obtained contributes to the reduction of healing periods and to activation of scar tissue reorganization to skin.


This document is COMIC Deliverable D4.1 "Requirements and metaphors of shared interaction". It presents results from the first year of COMIC on the topic of novel mechanisms of group interaction. These results consider interaction with shared objects and the modelling of spatial action around these objects. Document ID D4.1 Status Accepted Type Deliverable Version 2.0 Date October 4, 1993 Editors S. Benford (Nottingham) and J. Mariani (Lancaster) Task 4.1  The COMIC Project, Esprit Basic Research Action 6225 Project coordinator: Tom Rodden Computing Department University of Lancaster Lancaster LA1 4YR United Kingdom Phone: (+44) 524 593 823 Fax: (+44) 524 593 608 Email: email@example.com The COMIC project comprises the following institutions: Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung (GMD), Bonn, Germany Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden Swedish Institute for Computer Science (SICS), Stockholm, Sweden Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom (Coordinating Partner) University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom University of Milano, Milano, Italy University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Editors of this report: Steve Benford John Mariani Department of Computer Science Computing Department University of Nottingham University of Lancaster Nottingham NG7 2RD Lancaster LA1 4YR United Kingdom United Kingdom Phone: (+44) 602 514 203 Phone: (+44) 524 593797 Fax: (+44) 602 514 225/6 Fax: (+44) 524 593 608 Email: email@example.com Email: firstname.lastname@example.com ISBN 0-901800-31-7 Lancaster University, 1993 This report is available via anonymous FTP from ftp.comp.lancs.ac.uk.


TRANSPORTATION REFORM SERIES * Copies of these and previous Brookings metro program publications are available on the web site, Foundation for their support of our work on metropolitan trends. Anthony Downs provided a detailed and thorough review of this paper. The views expressed in this discussion paper are those of the author and are not necessarily those of the trustees, officers, or staff members of The Brookings Institution. Most American states and metropolitan areas have some idea as to the amount of growth they expect over the next several decades, based on estimates of projected demographic, household, market and industry trends. These estimates form the foundation of public policies and are vital for use in goal setting, planning, and implementation of a variety of growth and development strategies. However, there is not a general sense of how the projected changes in demographic, household, and market trends will impact our nation's built environment—that is, how many new homes, office buildings, and other physical structures will need to be built to accommodate future growth. To that end, this paper examines a series of projected trends at the national, state, and metropolitan level to determine the estimated demand for new housing, commercial, and industrial space over the next quarter century. In short, this paper finds that: • In 2030, about half of the buildings in which Americans live, work, and shop will have been built after 2000. The nation had about 300 billion square feet of built space in 2000. By 2030, the nation will need about 427 billion square feet of built space to accommodate growth projections. About 82 billion of that will be from replacement of existing space and 131 will be new space. Thus, 50 percent of that 427 billion will have to be constructed between now and then. • Most of the space built between 2000 and 2030 will be residential space. The largest component of this space will be homes. Over 100 billion square feet of new residential space will be needed by 2030. However, percentage-wise, the commercial and industrial sectors will have the most new space with over 60 percent of the space in 2030 less than 30 years old. • Overall, most new growth will occur in the South and the West. There is tremendous variation in the total amount of buildings to be built between regions. In the Northeast, for example, less than 50 percent …


Objective:to study the preventive function of DSS on dyslipidemia and to explore its mechanism. Methods:high-fat emulsion was administered by perfusion to make models with DSS intervention to observe the effect of DSS on the experimental dyslipidemia. Results:DSS could significantly decrease TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB100 in the serum of rats with dyslipidemia,increase HDL-C,HDL2-C and ApoAI; increase NO and NOS,decrease MDA in liver and Leptin in serum. Conclusion:DSS plays a role in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia through regulating lipid metabolism,protecting vascular endothelial function,resisting oxidation and regulating hormone levels.


Due to the minimal transfer of heat from absorber plate to moving air in the duct, solar air heaters have low performance. One of the procedures to augment the heat transfer by substantial amount is by utilizing artificial roughness, by which the performance can be improved considerably. In this study, an economic investigation of solar air heater embedded with artificial roughness is accomplished numerically employing v-shaped roughness, with the objective of optimising life cycle solar savings. The non-dimensional parameters of roughness, namely, angle of attack (α), roughness pitch (p/e) and roughness height (e/Dh) are examined by varying temperature rise over the solar air heater (∆T) and solar radiations (I) for different economic parameters values i.e., cost of collector, cost of roughness elements, and cost of conventional fuel.


Tourist destination branding is the one of key elements influencing battles for competitive advantages on contemporary tourist markets. Holistic approach of destination branding presents big challenge for all participants primarily because of unique characteristics of tourist services, high risk that potential tourist face with in prepurchase phase and finally because of network created by the public and the private tourist organization participating in tourist destination offer. The process of destination branding contents two phases: tourist brand development and brand management i.e. brand maintaining. Basic phases of successful branding include brand values creation, their positioning and communication, while brand management and strengthening are based on consistency and coordination, long-term government commitment, management of destination brand portfolio and brand performance measurement. For Bosnia and Herzegovina as the emerging tourist destination, special challenge is creation of unique identity of tourist destination, creating of vertical and horizontal consistency among subjects of branding and finally adequate organization of brand owners. For this processes implementation destination management organization should apply and implement basic principles of branding adjusted to tourism and service industry and companies.


Objective To explore the relationship between TNF-α receptor II(TNFR Ⅱ)gene-196M/R polymorphisms and breast cancer.Methods TNFR Ⅱ gene polymorphisms at position-196 were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)method in 212 female patients with breast cancer,218 female patients with breast benign diseases and 220 female healthy controls.Results(1)There were TNFR Ⅱ gene-196 M/R polymorphisms in the 640 cases.(2)There was no statistic difference in the frequencies of TG+GG genotype and allele G between benign and control groups.The frequencies of TG+GG genotype in the study group were significantly higher than those in the benign and control groups(P0.05).Conclusion There were TNFR Ⅱ gene-196 M/R polymorphisms in breast cancer and control groups.TNFR Ⅱ gene-196 G allele may be the predisposing gene and the relative risk of breast cancer.


Localized zosteriform bullous pemphigoid is a rare variant of bullous pemphigoid that is considered a manifestation of Wolf`s isotopic response. Only a few cases have been reported. We add another case to the body of knowledge in order to shed the light on this uncommon variant of bullous pemphigoid.

 A 67-year old female patient developed vesiculobullous lesions at the sites of healed herpes zoster. The patient was diagnosed as a case of zosteriform bullous pemphigoid based on the clinical presentation and skin biopsy findings.

 Zosteriform bullous pemphigoid is a rare manifestation of Wolf`s isotopic response. A Skin biopsy must be performed early to ensure proper diagnosis and management.


The price of debt on the secondary market reflects the risk that the debtor country might default on its external debt. Using the option-pricing theory, the authors identify the factors that influenced the risk of default in six highly indebted countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela, and Poland) from 1986 to 1990. In particular, they provide a measure of the debtor countries' willingness to pay. They identify the parameters of the stochastic process followed by this variable, so this approach can be used to predict the future price of debt. Their model also emphasizes that a debt-reduction operation may lead to a significant increase in the price of debt on the secondary market. This effect appears to be linked to the initial stock of external debt, as suggested by the debt overhang hypothesis. Finally, the authors show empirically that a country's willingness to pay is significantly influenced by changes in indicators of the country's ability to pay (for example, by an increase in reserves or in GDP growth), and by exogenous events such as the increase in commercial banks' loan reserves in mid-1987 or the Brady Plan announcement in 1989.


The study intended to determine the floristic composition of an ecotonal forest zone between the Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest and the mixed forest of Mbiye Island Forest Reserve. Data were collected from a 50 m x 100 m plot set in each investigated biotope (ecotonal forest (interface), Gilbertiodendron dewevrei Forest and mixed forest). These diversity indices were computed using PAST and BIODIV R 1.0. A total of 736 specimens grouped into 153 species and 71 families were investigated. Coelocaryon botryoides Verm. was represented in all the three investigated biotopes, and it was the most abundant species in the ecotonal forest. While, Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild) J. Leonard was the most abundant species in the remaining two biotopes. The most dominant family in the ecotonal forest was the Myristicaceae, while the Fabaceae family dominated in the other two biotopes. The terrier area was estimated at 28.2 m2/ha, 22 m2/ha and 21.8 m2/ha in Gilbertiodendron dewevrei Forest, mixed forest and the ecotonal forest, respectively. A strong similarity was detected between the two first biotopes (communities) (0.57) compared to the mixed forest (0.43). *Corresponding Author: Mangambu Mokoso Jean de Dieu  firstname.lastname@example.com Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 9, No. 4, p. 20-33, 2016 http://www.innspub.net J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016 21 | Bienfait et al. Introduction The sustainable management of the tropical forests relies basically on the extrapolation of the existing knowledge, the intuition and the principle of precaution (Morneau, 2007). The results of the management studies carried out on such bases in a complex ecosystem are generally unforeseeable (Morley, 2000; White and Endwards, 2001; Leigh et al., 2004). Along the River Congo, in the central sector of the Congo Basin, there are different components of forest types; these include dry land or main land forests, flooded forests and island forests. These forests harbor exceptional biodiversity and support the livelihoods of revering communities. Among the most known and used island forests, there is Mbiye Island (forest), located in the eastern part of Kisangani Town. Mbiye Island forest is relatively well conserved and covers about 1400 ha area; it is composed of three types of forest, including: dry land, seasonally flooded and swampy forests (Nshimba, 2008). An ecotonal zone is growing between the Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild) J. Leonard and the mixed forests, and the status of this heterogeneous zone remains unclear to the classic description. The hypothesis of this study is to verify the theory that the Forest of G. dewevrei mono dominance would tend to invade the Forest mixed through the contact area by imposing its juvenile due to his aggregative trend. The main objective here is to characterize floral of the contact area between the Forest G. dewevrei and the joint Forest Island Mbiye in order to identify its floral composition. That's why we want to characterize the floral composition of this transitional zone often ignored by researchers and two interfaces (Forest mono dominant G dewevrei and the Forest mixed). To verify this hypothesis and reach our goal, we compare the structure and the diversity of compartments plant of these three types of mature Forest of Mbiye Island. We will exactly compare local diversity, differential and global mixed Forest to the G. dewevrei forests and the interface forest. About the structure, we are interested in density, land surfaces of dominance (Collinet 1997; Shalufa, 2014; Mangambu, 2016; Imani et al., 2016). This type of approach was adopted in the G. dewevrei forests and mixed wood of Ituri in the Democratic Republic of Congo by Hart et al. (1989) and Makana et al. (2004). An ecotype is a population or a group of populations that have evolved particular traits in response to natural selection under specific habitat conditions (Vande Weghe , 2004). Materials and methods Study area The study was carried out in Mbiye Island Forest Reserve, upstream of the Wagenia falls, between 0° 31' N and 25° 11' E, 376 m alt. The island is located close to the equator, in the opposite side of Kisangani Town, its maximal length is about 14 km and the maximal width is 4 km (Lomba et Ndjele, 1998). The climate is equatorial, characterized by high and constant temperatures oscillating around 25°C with abundant rainfall (Nshimba, 2008). Sampling Data were collected from a 50 m x 100 m plot set in each investigated habitat, including the ecotonal zone, the Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest and mixed forest. All the specimens were counted and their circumferences dbh≥10 cm measured. The preliminary species identification was done from the field, and then confirmed in the herbaria of the University of Kisangani (DRC). Data Analysis We used three indices, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity to calculate liana diversity in the 20-ha plot. These indices were selected based on their discriminant ability, sensitivity to sample size and popularity. Relative density of species and families were assessed for each species and family (relative diversity). J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016 22 | Bienfait et al. Fig. 1. Map showing Mbiye Island Forest Reserve and its surroundings (modified from Nshimba, 2008). We also considered the relative frequency of species in the forest layers. These floristic parameters are defined as follows (Sonké and Lejoly, 1998) Relative density = (number of individuals of a species x 100)/ total number of individuals of all species. Relative frequency = (number of plots containing a species × 100)/ sum of frequencies of all species. Relative diversity = (number of species of a family X 100)/total number of species of all families. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index emphasizes the contribution of rare species and the Simpson diversity index gives more weight to common species in a sample (Magurran, 2004). The Shannon-Weiner's index, as well as the Simpson 1-D and Fisher alpha indices were used for species diversity measures within the plots. Shannon -Wiener index is calculated as:          N Ni N Ni H / log * / ' 2 Where: Ni = fraction of the entire population made up of species I; S = numbers of species encountered and Σ = sum from species 1 to species S. Simpson's Index (D) measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to the same species (or some category other than species) ) 1 ( 1 ( 1 1       N N ni n D S i Where: S is the number of species, N: is the total percentage cover or total number of organisms and n is the percentage cover of a species or number of organisms of a species. In this form, D ranges from 1 to 0, with 1 representing infinite diversity and 0 representing no diversity. We considered the Simpson's Index of Diversity 1 – D which represents the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to different species. Fisher's alpha is defined by the formula: ) 1 ( ln * a n a S   Where S is number of taxa, n is number of individuals and a is the Fisher's alpha. These diversity indices were computed using PAST (Hammer and Ryan 2008). J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016 23 | Bienfait et al. To account for common and rare species, we considered the diversity indices of orders 0, 1 (exponential of the Shannon index) and 2 (inverse of Simpson index). The diversity of order zero is completely insensitive to species frequencies and is better known as species richness (Magurran, 2004). We used the Chao 1 index for diversity of order 0. This approach uses the numbers of singletons and doubletons to estimate the number of missing species because missing species information is mostly concentrated on those low frequency counts. The jackknife and minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE) were considered to estimate diversity of orders 1 and 2. These estimators were computed using the SPADE package (Chao Et Shen, 2003). Results Species richness and diversity in three studied forest habitats In total, 736 specimens were counted (sampled) from the three investigated habitats, from which 251 specimens in the G. dewevrei forest, distributed in 40 species and 20 families; 242 specimens in mixed forest, distributed in 59 species and 29 families; and 243 specimens in ecotonal zone, distributed in 54 species and 22 families. Coelocaryon botryoides Verm. and G. dewevrei (De Wild) J. Leonard were found as dominant species in the three studied habitats. Table 1. The diversity indices for the three forest types. Indices Ecotonal Zone Mixed Forest Gilbertiodendron Forest Simpson 0.92 0.93 0.75 Shannon 3.17 3.37 2.25 Eveness 0.79 0.82 0.6 Fisher alpha 21.52 24.8 13.42 Margalef 3.46 10.8 7.05 The Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild) J. Leonard, Coelocaryon botryoides Verm., Uapaca guineensis, G. Don ex Hook., Symphonia globulifera L.f. and Cleistanthus mildbraedii Jabl. were found as dominant species and the Fabaceae, Myristicaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Olacaceae were found as in dominant families in the mixed forest. In the ecotonal zone, Coelocaryon botryoides Verm., Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild) J. Leonard, Uapaca guinneensis G. Don ex Hook., Musanga cecropioides R.Br. & Tedlie and Cleistanthus mildbraedii Jabl. were the most abundant among the species; and Myristicaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Olacaceae and Urticaceae were found the most dominant families. Whereas, the Fabaceae was the most predominant family in both Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest and mixed forests. The considered diversity indices revealed that the mixed forest and the ecotonal zone were more species diversified than the Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest (Table 1). The coefficient of Sorensen showed significant similarity (S = 0.57) between the ecotonal zone and the Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest; while nonsimilarity (S= 0.43) was found between the ecotonal and the mixed forest. The results reveal an existin


On the basis of evaluating the current condition of CPA independency in China,this paper probes into the fundamental principles of setting the CPA independency standards and the structure of system of measuring the standards in question.


Aiming at the feature of weapon equipment systematic confrontation in modern war, this study analyzed the problems of weapon equipment system planning and development from the perspective of rivalry game, provided its analysis elements, established the dynamic game framework of weapon equipment system's development planning, set up the dynamic game model of incomplete information weapon equipment's development planning, and gave an example analysis.


Network embedding that maps nodes in a graph to vectors in a Euclidean space is a very powerful method to address various tasks on a graph. However, most network embedding algorithms, in particular, graph neural networks (GNNs), are difficult to interpret and do not scale well to handle millions of nodes. In this article, we tackle the problem from a new perspective based on the equivalence of three constrained optimization problems: the network embedding problem, the trace maximization problem of the modularity matrix in a sampled graph, and the matrix factorization problem of the modularity matrix in a sampled graph. The optimal solutions to these three problems are the dominant eigenvectors of the modularity matrix. We propose two unsupervised learning algorithms that belong to a special class of graph convolutional networks (GCNs) for solving these problems: 1) Clustering As Feature Embedding (CAFE) and 2) Sphere. Both algorithms are stable trace maximization algorithms and yield good approximations of dominant eigenvectors. Moreover, there are linear-time implementations for sparse graphs. Various experiments are conducted to evaluate our algorithms and show that our proposed algorithms outperform several baseline methods.


A novel sequential self-assembly process of nano/micro components applying deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization was proposed for the first time and its validity was experimentally verified. In the proposed process, characteristics of DNA, such as hybridization specificity of complementary pairs of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) into a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and the dependence of hybridization on ambient temperature (melting temperature Tm) plays a key role. These characteristics of DNA can be designed and synthesized by base-pair sequence of DNA. Three types of self-assembly experiments using two types of ssDNA with different Tm (65degC and 50degC) were carried out; 1.) between Au nanoparticles, 2.) between Au nanoparticle and Au coated substrate, and 3.) between silicon micro components (5times5times3 mum3) and Au coated substrate. Through these experiments, it was successfully verified that the sequence of the self-assembly can be controlled by controlling the ambient temperature. The reversibility of this process was also confirmed. However, the silicon micro components assembly on Au coated substrate was not confirmed.


A stress-temperature initial boundary value problem (STIBVP) of Ignaczak type for the coupled dynamic three-dimensional micropolar thermoelasticity proposed by Eringen?Nowacki is discussed. First, a completeness of the problem is proved. Then, a closed-form singular solution, representing the displacement, rotation, stress, and temperature under the action of harmonic concentrated mass forces and moments, and heat source, for an infinite solid is obtained. Finally, conclusions resulting from the stress-temperature formulation are listed.


Throughout the last years a huge amount of work has been devoted to the definition of hypertext models. Even more resources have been directed towards the domain of virtual (dynamic/ computational) hypertext, among others motivated by the idea of building open systems. Surprisingly enough, almost nobody stressed the role of the underlying model in such virtual systems. That is precisely the aim of this text: to define a general hypertext model that is able to support the notion of virtuality. Our assertion is that the combination of the ancient concepts 'Paths' and 'Warm Links' provide just the extra support needed. Moreover this allows for a model where links are but one of the possible ways to relate nodes. While experimenting with the model, an interesting question arose: do bi-directional links fit into a virtual model ? This paper attempts to answer the question. We chose a constructive approach, because our aim was to create a laboratory where ideas concerning virtual hypertext might be explored. We applied recent viewpoints from the field of software engineering (namely object oriented frameworks and mixins) to assist the iterative design process. In order to show the value of the work, we have implemented two prototype applications. The first is a browser for viewing (Smalltalk) source code which includes query facilities, the second is an electronic agenda. These experiments demonstrate three desired properties of the model: the applicability (considering the differences between the prototypes), the open endedness (since it is able to Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copyright is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. © 1994 ACM 0-89791-xxx-x/xx/xxxx... establish hypertext structures on top of underlying foreign constructions) and the extensibility (while building the applications, we continued to expand the model).


The patent describes a compact, easy to fabricate, noninductive, low surface magnetic field superconductor transmission line that has minimal stray fields.


To improve the time performance of SMP2 Simulation under Service Oriented Architecture, a hybrid time synchronization method is promoted. The method would reduce the redundancy message exchange via specifying different time advance policy to different SMP2 simulation node. An interaction graph model is introduced based on SMP2 model composition and schedule and the parallelity evaluating algorithm is propounded, based on which a time synchronization policy determination method is detailed. Finally, a simulation experiment is given to make comparison between the hybrid method and the traditional methods.


A major regulatory mechanism of enzyme function in cells is protein phosphorylation that is carried out by the large protein kinase family. While the catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has served as a prototype for this family, our enormous knowledge base is skewed towards Cα1, only one of the many tissue specific C subunit isoforms and splice variants expressed in cells. Accordingly, all published crystal structures are of Cα1. The other PKA splice variants, especially the Cβ splice variant gene products of PRKACB, have been obscure. In an effort to re‐balance our PKA perspective we have solved a 2.6 A crystal structure of the PKA splice variant Cβ4ab, which not only crystallized in a new condition but also grew in a thus far for PKA not seen space group P21 with four molecules per asymmetric unit. Compared to Cα1, the isoform with the most deposited structures in the protein data bank, the protein sequence of Cβ4ab differs by 10% or 35 out of 350 amino acids. A majority of these amino acid differences cluster in the N‐terminal and C‐terminal tails. The rest are located mostly in the N‐lobe. Some hot spots of amino acid variation nucleate two sets of C subunit dimers that interact in a novel way to create polymers within the crystal. In our structure, Cβ4ab is in a closed conformation with the inhibitor peptide IP20 bound but surprisingly no electron density is observed for either of the two Mg ions usually present with IP20 and nucleotide. SPR data for the protein kinase inhibitor provides further insights into the differences between Cβ4ab and Cα. Our structure and binding studies suggest that in addition to C beta being expressed in a tissue specific manner, they are also functionally non‐redundant. The newly revealed inter‐molecular interaction sites within the dimers highlight regions of the C subunit that have been less studied so far and are likely to have important regulatory functions.


A particle Swarm optimization-based DC-link voltage control method is proposed for two stage grid connected PV inverters. A two-stage grid connected Photovoltaic Generator (PVG) is used to test the performance of artificial intelligence-based controller. The system test consists of PVG, a boost converter, a DC-link, an inverter, a LCL filter and the external grid. The objectives of the system controllers are three-fold. The first objective is to regulate PVG output voltage for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The second objective is to keep the DC-link voltage of inverter constant. The third objective is to maximize the power factor of the inverter i.e., close to unity. To solve the first problem, a conventional MPPT technique known as Perturb & Observe (P& O) method is used which generates the best voltage reference for PVG. To track the reference voltage, backstepping control technique is used to regulate PVG output voltage. The regulation of DC-link voltage of the inverter is realized with PI controllers, the parameters of which are optimized by Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) method. The third objective, power factor regulation, is also tackled using back-stepping control. Conventional PI control is compared to the proposed artificial intelligence-based controller, and the proposed technique for optimizing parameters of PI has reduced the Ripple Factor of DC-link voltage from 6.0193% to 3.3218% compared to a simple PI control with manually chosen parameters.


The paper deals with the methodologies of modelling, simulation, computer aided design, analysis, measurements and testing, teaching and training devoted to research on electric rail transport systems. A significant application is reviewed and commented in the paper.


The purpose of this study is to examine cognitive metaphors in Vi Thuy Linh's poetry to see the new and reckless poetic thinking as well as the concepts in her poetry. The linguistic description method; context analyzation are used to clarify how the nature of cognitive metaphor models structure the mindset, perception, and human activities and discover specific features in the way of perceiving and thinking and reflecting the world of author. Along with statistical and classifying methods based on two volumes "Khat" and "Dong Tu" I have seen cognitive metaphors expressions in this is the destination domains of love. Through research, it has been highlighted that cognitive metaphor is not only a rhetorical form of literature but also a matter of thinking, a specially mental mapping that has a great influence on how people think and act in daily life. In practical terms, the research took advantage of conceptual models of cognitive linguistics to explain the thinking manipulations and arguments in Vi Thuy Linh's poetry - what makes the difference in her language usage as well as the style of composition.


There has been no report on detailed temporal mapping of traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially diffuse axonal injury (DAI), rehabilitation process. A case study is presented here on four-year tracking of a 24-year old male adolescent with severe DAI. The study aimed to develop a theoretical visual model of TBI (DAI) cognitive rehabilitation, and to validate this model by mapping out the sequence of significant behaviour events. The ensuing spiral cone model concurs with two well-known TBI rehabilitation sequels. The sequence of cognitive rehabilitation should aid in planning interventions in other similar or comparable TBI (DAI) patients.


This paper elaborates the measures undertaken to do Electro-Magnetic Hardening of Battle Field Surveillance Radar (BFSR). Though the primary aim of this exercise was to harden the system to meet the Military Standards, considerable knowledge was gained in hardening a system which consists of different electronic circuits like RF Transmitter and Receiver, Digital Circuits, Base-band Analog Circuits and also Power Circuitry all in close proximity and housed within the same cabinet. An attempt is made, through this paper to provide a Case Study, which brings out the nuances of EMI mitigation, gives a few thumb-rules and also lists the lessons learnt in the process of hardening of BFSR which could later be used for any other system.


ABSTRACT The tendency of the asphaltenes to form aggregates in hydrocarbon solution is one of their most characteristic features and has tended to complicate the determination of the structure of petroleum In addition, if the composition and properties of the precipitated asphaltenes reflect those of the micelles in solution, the latter should be considered as mixed micelles. This is a reasonable assumption in view of the large quantities of soluble resins found in the precipitated solid Empirical observations indicate that the resins play an important role in stabilizing asphaltenes in crude oil and under unfavorable solvent conditions the asphaltene species are prone to further aggregation into clusters that are unstable and precipitate from the crude oil. It is also suggested that the resins and the asphaltenes from a particular crude oil have points of structural similarity relative to the asphaltenes and resins from another crude oil. On a more localized scale, i.e. in one particular crude oil there ...


Based on the study of flexible job shop scheduling problem(FJSP),the model of multi-objective FJSP under resource constrained was established.To solve the combination of Multiple Resource Constrained Job-shop Scheduling Problem(MRCJSP)and multi-objective FJSP,the solution method was presented by combining the heuristic based on operation precedence with genetic algorithms.In the selection operation,crossover operation and mutation operation,the roulette selection,the crossover operator based on heuristics and the mutation based on neighborhood search were adopted respectively.Moreover,an example was described to demonstrate the validity of the model and algorithm.


Ahigh-speed acquisition and display system of infrared images is introduced.It can realize the real-time acquisition and display of infrared images with high frame rate.This paper is mainly about PCI acquisition board,the key module of the whole system.With the Xilinx PCI LogiCORE involved,the speed can reach 64 bit×66 MHz,the highest speed according to the current PCI standards.And it can work in Initiator Mode.The results of the experiment indicate that this system can work for long time stably and reliably.It can be applied to real-time acquisition and display system of infrared images with high frame rate.


Blockchain A mathematical structure for storing digital transactions or data in an immutable, distributed, decentralized digital ledger consisting of blocks that are linked via cryptographic signature that is nearly impossible to fake, hack or disrupt. Blockchain (Private a.k.a. Permissioned) A blockchain that resides on a private network of computers that is only accessible to those with permission.


The introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the U.S. in 2000 was a welcome addition to our preventive armamentarium;


Previous studies showed a strong correlation between cervical and vocal fold smears [Abitbol et al., J. Voice 13, 424–446 (1999)]. Myers et al. [Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 144S, S82–S89 (2009)] found significant changes in mechanical properties of tissues during pregnancy. This suggests that similar changes may occur also in laryngeal tissues, affecting conditions for vocal fold vibration. Recordings of audio, electrolaryngograph, oral pressure, and air flow signals were made of a professional classically trained soprano once per week, starting on week 28 of pregnancy. The tasks comprised reading a text and singing a song. In addition, the singer repeated the syllable [pae] while performing a diminuendo at various pitches, allowing determination of the lowest pressures producing vocal fold vibration and contact, i.e., the phonation and contact threshold pressures [Enflo and Sundberg (unpublished)]. Oral pressure during the occlusion for the consonant [p] was accepted as an estimate of subglott...


The formalism to compute the geometrical and topological one-point statistics of mildly non-Gaussian 2D and 3D cosmological fields is developed. Leveraging the isotropy of the target statistics, the Gram-Charlier expansion is reformulated with rotation invariant variables. This formulation allows us to track the geometrical statistics of the cosmic field to all orders. It then allows us to connect the one point statistics of the critical sets to the growth factor through perturbation theory, which predicts the redshift evolution of higher order cumulants. In particular, the cosmic non-linear evolution of the skeleton's length, together with the statistics of extrema and Euler characteristic are investigated in turn. In 2D, the corresponding differential densities are analytic as a function of the excursion set threshold and the shape parameter. In 3D, the Euler characteristics and the field isosurface area are also analytic to all orders in the expansion. Numerical integrations are performed and simple fits are provided whenever closed form expressions are not available. These statistics are compared to estimates from N-body simulations and are shown to match well the cosmic evolution up to root mean square of the density field of ~0.2. In 3D, gravitational perturbation theory is implemented to predict the cosmic evolution of all the relevant Gram-Charlier coefficients for universes with scale invariant matter distribution. The one point statistics of critical sets could be used to constrain primordial non-Gaussianities and the dark energy equation of state on upcoming cosmic surveys; this is illustrated on idealized experiments.


The continuous cropping can restrict the large scale and intensive cultivation of muskmelon, and the use of Trichoderma preparation to alleviate the negative effects is an effective mean. Although the impact on rhizosphere soil microbial communities and metabolites after applying Trichoderma are still unclear. In this study, we applied the fermentation broth of Trichoderma viride T23 to muskmelon under continuous cropping, collected rhizosphere soil samples at 60 days after transplantation, and investigated the changes in the microbial communities and metabolites of muskmelon by using high−throughput sequencing and metabolomic analysis, respectively. The results showed that T. viride T23 could effectively reduce the disease index of muskmelon wilt (65.86 to 18) and significantly increase the soil pH value (6.06 to 6.40). Trichoderma viride T23 induced drastic shifts in the richness, structure, and composition of rhizosphere microbial communities, and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla. Bioactive substances such as scopoletin, erythronic acid, and palmitic acid were significantly upregulated in the rhizosphere soil, which enhanced soil activity. Overall, T. viride T23 resolves the continuous cropping limitation in muskmelon by improving soil physicochemical properties, elevating the biomass and diversity of soil microbial communities, and stimulating the production of soil active substances.


The observation of a new orientation in iron and iron base alloy sheets is reported. This texture is prepared by annealing iron and iron base alloys, characterized by a gamma to alpha transformation, in the gamma region and slowly cooling through the phase change. The new texture is {001} 〈uvw〉. The occurrence of this structure is documented with the use of etch pits, domain patterns, and an x‐ray method.The magnetic characteristics for iron sheet with the {001} 〈uvw〉 texture are compared with those of iron sheet with a weakly oriented texture resulting from primary recrystallization and normal grain growth. Iron sheet with this new texture is easier to magnetize and has lower losses. The improved magnetic characteristics are ascribed to the elimination of grains having a hard direction of magnetization in the surface of the sheet. Iron and iron base alloys with this texture should find application in rotating electrical equipment.


Higher education institutions record a significant amount of data about their students, representing a considerable potential to generate information, knowledge, and monitoring. Both school dropout and educational failure in higher education are an obstacle to economic growth, employment, competitiveness, and productivity, directly impacting the lives of students and their families, higher education institutions, and society as a whole. The dataset described here results from the aggregation of information from different disjointed data sources and includes demographic, socioeconomic, macroeconomic, and academic data on enrollment and academic performance at the end of the first and second semesters. The dataset is used to build machine learning models for predicting academic performance and dropout, which is part of a Learning Analytic tool developed at the Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre that provides information to the tutoring team with an estimate of the risk of dropout and failure. The dataset is useful for researchers who want to conduct comparative studies on student academic performance and also for training in the machine learning area.


High‐quality gradient‐selective COSY spectra were recorded at 300 MHz for brucine and gibberellic acid and double‐quantum filtered gradient‐selective COSY spectra for brucine, using a single‐frequency, high‐resolution 1H probe modified by the addition of an unshielded z‐gradient coil set. Data were efficiently recorded using buffered acquisition with a single transient per increment in 1t, in times much lower than those required for phase‐cycled COSY, and with no loss of information. Gradient‐selective COSY90, COSY45 and long‐range COSY45 experiments, and the correlations leading to chemical shift assignments for gibberellic acid, are reported.


Addressing low levels of social and emotional well‐being (SEWB) in Indigenous communities has been a national strategic priority for over 10 years and yet progress in assessing the impact of interventions has been slow. One of the key factors limiting the development of evidence‐based practice has been the lack of well‐validated instruments to assess SEWB and how it changes over time as a result of intervention. This article systematically reviews available measures, classifying them in terms of the evidence base that exists to support their use. It is concluded that there is an ongoing need to develop psychometrically sound, comprehensive, culturally appropriate measures to operationalise Indigenous SEWB at a population health, programme evaluation, and clinical level. It is suggested that seven pathways be followed to achieve this goal, including the need to recognise that the gold standard status for Indigenous measurement tools cannot be ascribed based on evidence‐based assessment criteria alone.


Children commonly present with forearm fractures which are most often treated with closed reduction. The authors examined 12 children's complete displaced forearm fractures. After closed reduction failed, all fractures were treated with chisel pin reduction and cast immobilization. All forearm fractures healed. Results were satisfactory. There were, however, 5 cases of forearm fractures with mild loss of reduction, but no further treatment was required. Closed reduction of pediatric forearm fractures remains the standard treatment, but the technique of chisel pin reduction should be considered a reliable alternative for unstable.


A standard questionnaire was administered to an age-stratified random sample of 1,015 current male employees in the Quebec chrysotile asbestos mines and mills, The prevalence of persistent cough and phlegm (bronchitis) was related to age and smoking habits and perhaps, in nonsmokers and light smokers, also to dust exposure. Breathlessness on exercise was related to age and dust exposure but not to smoking.


The reasons of the environmental contamination were studied on the basis of the actualities of environmental contamination in Qingshuitang Region,Zhuzhou City in 4 different ways,such as policies,patterns of geographic distribution,energy structure and industry structure.It provided a basis for solving the contradiction,decreasing the environmental pollution,and achieving the sustainable development in the new period.


Located in Khayriyatabad, originally, a small chapel, it was built by Fr. Malberti in 1905. The overall cost of construction of the chapel was Rs. 3,500. The present church was built under the then St. Joseph's Cathedral's Assistant Parish Priest, Fr. Xavier Roch, much later in 1954, when the seventh Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan laid the foundation. Said to be the first octagonal church in India, its main altar is in the center. Eighty feet in diameter, the church is crested by a 47 foot high octagonal dome that rises along the central altar. On either side in the front are two 40 foot high towers, also octagonal investing the church with an imposing look. The new building was completed in 1959.


During the years between 1911 and 1914 was excavated few km south west of Vasto (Chieti) a large cemetery spread all along the ancient road reoccuped from medieval Tratturo, recovering several (probably familiar) groups of graves, for an amount of 69 tombs, dating from VIth to IV-III century B.C., and related to an italic settlement probably abandoned in roman age. At the end of 1914 most of the findings from the excavations were transported in Ancona and there mostly destroyed during the second World War; only few were left in Vasto, while all the documentation was buried in archives. Here for the first time all the unpublished documentation from Soprintendenza archeologica dell'Abruzzo Archives is proposed, referred to a good sample of individuals with all the mortuary materials recovered from the graves, analising both archive documentation and surviving findings nowaday exposed in the local Archaeological Museum. In VI-V century the contacts are very close with other cemeteries of this area (Alfedena, Villalfonsina, Opi), while in IV-III centuries the links with Apulia and south Italy are preminent. The cemetery provided a very interesting opportunity to examine transformations of funerary ritual in this period.


Oxford-style debating is a well-known tool in social sciences. However, when we try to go beyond standard thinking, it turns out that the debates can be a great educational tool in telecommunication and computer engineering. Oxford-style debating can be defined as a formal communication process where participants argue for and against a predetermined topic, known as a motion. The discussion has a competitive format where the participants are divided into two teams: proponents, who agree with the motion of debate, and opponents, who argue against the motion. The participants - including the listening rest of the class - take a broad view of the given subject without ignoring different points of view. This form of debating supports professional education and soft skills training, efficient teamwork and individual study, and effective verbal and non-verbal communication skills. All of these abilities are very important for IT engineers. The well-organized structure and competitive character makes this educational tool useful in academic study (especially for postgraduate students) as well as at special events (e.g. summer schools). Defining valid and interesting motions is certainly a challenge; however, given sufficient interest and research, there are plenty of topics suitable for a valuable debate related to computer science (e.g. 'Law enforcement agencies should be able to read confidential messages sent by citizens'). Oxford-style debates can be a great didactic tool at technical universities.


Over the past several years, there has been a renewed interest in complex orthogonal designs for their application in space-time block coding. Motivated by the success of this application, this paper generalizes the definition of complex orthogonal designs by introducing orthogonal designs over the quaternion domain. This paper builds a theory of these novel quaternion orthogonal designs, offers examples, and provides several construction techniques. These theoretical results, along with the results of preliminary simulations, lay the foundation for developing applications of these designs as orthogonal space-time-polarization block codes.


The article brings into focus an issue of effective interaction of state authority bodies, modern business and civil community in managing and regulating socio-cultural processes. Tapping the experience of codevelopment and realization of municipal, corporate and local social projects the author convincingly exposes realities and potentialities of public-private partnership in the fields of culture, arts, leisure and sports. Specially emphasized is a direct impact of socio-cultural processes upon the formation and development of organizational and corporate culture of modern firms, companies, banks and similar business structures.


The objective is a simple and comparatively inexpensive process for producing granular additives containing high concentrations of active substances while remaining stable in storage even when mixed with other washing or cleaning agent components. This is achieved with a process carried out in a mixer/granulator and involving the following steps: a) solid, powder and/or granular components are prepared; b) liquid water-free components are added if required, the mixture of components a) and b) having a water content not greater than the theoretical water binding capacity of the mixture; c) water or aqueous solutions and/or aqueous dispersions are then added in quantities such that the water binding capacity of the finished stable granulate is not exceeded; and d) the resulting mixture is granulated in the mixer/granulator until the granulation point is reached, i.e. a pourable granulate is formed.


The aim of the present paper was to determine the effects of adding microbial transglutaminse (MTGase) during the process of manufacturing fresh cheese analogues from a mixture of milk protein concentrate and milk cream, on their textural properties and syneresis. For this purpose, different MTGase concentrations (0, 1, 3 and 5 U·g protein) were applied during the analogue-making process using two different coagulating agents, a chymosin produced by fermentation (CHY-MAX) and a fungal aspartic protease (Fromase). The results indicate that MTGase can be effectively used to enhance texture and water holding capacity of cheese analogues made with dairy ingredients, obtaining similar characteristics with either of the two tested coagulating agents. In any case, the best results were obtained with 3 U·g protein-MTGase concentration.


Lukasek, M., & Kalichova, M. (2015). Injury risks of heading in young football players. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(Proc1), pp.S490-S499. The aim of the research is to contribute to findings concerning increasingly acute problems connected with heading in football. Unlike most of available studies where heading with adults is dealt with, our study focuses primarily on heading with children. 16 children aged 10, weighing 36.2 ± 4.7 kg took part in the research. Each tested person executed headings of a ball dropped from 0 m (3.13 m/s), 1 m (4.43 m/s) and 1,5 m (5.43 m/s) ie. 3 headings in total. The total number of tests was 48. A triaxial accelerometer (1000 Hz) was used in the measurements. As presumed, with increasing drop-height the head acceleration increased on impact. With drop-height of 0.5 m we recorded 59.4±15.8 m·s-2, with 1 m we measured 76.4±15 m·s-2 and 100.1±25 m·s-2 from 1.5 m. These acceleration values do not pose danger if individual, however, we came to conclusion that repeated impacts, especially those of higher speed, may lead to functional problems of a child's brain. Key words: ACCELEROMETRY, FOOTBALL, HEAD, CHILD


The Problem Technology has affected almost every aspect of our lives, including education. Higher education is shifting the dynamics of delivery methods from traditional face-to-face to online to blended modes. Many universities are reaching a physical space capacity and therefore are attempting to increase online enrollment and geographical footprint. These changes are shifting the nature of higher education and how faculty are being viewed, evaluated, and, to some degree, hired. This article will focus on highlighting the challenges and opportunities of utilizing technology within universities, especially human resource development (HRD) programs. The Solution Technology is transforming higher education. Institutions can serve as an incubator to reimagine and redesign education altogether for the good of society. Online, mobile, and blended learning have become a part of our future. An important step is tracking how these models are actively enriching learning outcomes. Universities must be at the forefront of advancing progressive learning approaches and understanding the impact of technology on faculty and students. The Stakeholders The key stakeholders for this article include faculty, students, and university administrators. It will also affect businesses and human resource professionals for talent acquisition.


ABSTRACT Artemia and Ceriodaphnia were used as "first food" for the larvae of Clarias gariepinus , Heterobranchus bidorsalis and their hybrid Heteroclarias in order to determine if Ceriodaphnia could effectively replace Artemia in Nigeria in the production of Catfish fingerlings. The 5-day old fry of C. gariepinus , H. bidorsalis and Heteroclarias weighing 18.5mg, 14.0mg and 13.5mg respectively were stocked in plastic tanks and fed with Artemia nauplii and Ceriodaphnia for 21 days . Growth indices such as Percentage Survival (PS), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Daily Growth Rate (DGR) and Percentage Weight Gain (PWG) were determined. At the end of the experiment, PS, SGR, DGR and PWG were determined weekly. At the end of the experiment, PS, SGR, DGR and PWG were slightly better in Ceriodaphnia -fed fry of the three species, though the composition of crude protein in Artemia nauplii (63.0%) was higher than that of Ceriodaphnia (58%). However, analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05) in the performance of the two experimental foods. The study reveals the potential of


Adiponectin,as a specific fat-derived protein,plays an important role in the cardiovascular system by inhibiting endothelial cell inflammation and adhesion,macrophage transformation to foam cells,and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation,as well as by improving glucolipid metabolism.Closely related to vascular stenosis from intimal hyperplasia,adiponectin is a potential biomolecular target for the prevention of vascular stenosis.This review summarizes the potential relationship between adiponectin and vascular intimal hyperplasia.


Early light-induced proteins(ELIPs) are nuclear-encoded thylakoid proteins,and belong to the chlorophyll a/b binding protein superfamily.ELIP genes are thought to be ancient as they have appeared in prokaryocyte.ELIP genes of cell nucleus in eukaryocyte species may come from the genomes of the ancient plastids.Currently,ELIP genes have been cloned from more than 30 plant species,and proven to be stress-induced genes.It has been proposed that they may be involved in photoprotection role of plant leaves.In this paper,it is presented that advances on the study in cloning,biogenesis,expression-regulation and function of ELIP genes in past score years,in order to lay the foundation of further searching ELIPs.