Colon cancer tissues display an increased activity of β‐galactoside α2,6 sialyltransferase (ST6Gal.I) and an increased reactivity with the lectin from Sambucus nigra (SNA), specific for α2,6‐sialyl‐linkages. Experimental and clinical studies indicate a contribution of these alterations to tumor progression, but their molecular bases are largely unknown. In many tissues, ST6Gal.I is transcriptionally regulated through the usage of different promoters that originate mRNAs diverging in the 5`‐untranslated regions. RT‐PCR analysis of 14 carcinoma samples, all expressing an increased ST6Gal.I enzyme activity, and of the corresponding normal mucosa revealed the presence of at least 2 transcripts. One, containing the 5`‐untranslated exons, Y+Z, is thought to represent the "housekeeping" expression, and another previously described in hepatic tissues. Both the Y+Z and the hepatic transcripts were detectable in normal and cancer tissues but that latter form had a marked tendency to accumulate in cancer. The extent of α2,6‐sialylation of glycoconjugates, as determined by SNA‐dot blot analysis, was markedly enhanced in all cancer specimens, but the level of reactivity only partially correlated with the level of enzyme expression. Western blot analysis revealed a strikingly heterogeneous pattern of SNA reactivity among cancer tissues. These data indicate that: i) during neoplastic transformation of colonic cells, ST6Gal.I expression may be modulated through a differential promoter usage; ii) the extent of α2,6‐sialylation of cancer cell membranes is not a direct function of the ST6Gal.I activity, strongly suggesting the existence of other, more complex mechanisms of regulation. Int. J. Cancer 88:58–65, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The review of antimalarial pharmacology and the examination of results in recent studies of malaria in Vietnam revealed that (1) quinoline derivatives have multiple actions which include interference with nucleic acid replication and glucose metabolism; (2) sulfonamides and sulfones competitively antagonize aminobenzoic acid (PABA); and (3) folic acid reductase inhibitors interfere with the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid. No single agent produced satisfactory cure rates in recent trials with malaria in Vietnam. A combination of quinine and pyrimethamine appeared to give additive results. A combination of pyrimethamine and a sulfonamide gave superior results consistent with their proved synergism. A combination therapy of a long-acting sulfonamide with pyrimethamine, possibly with the addition of quinine, is recommended as the most rational therapy at this time.


clinical alcoholic liver disease, drug induced liver disease autoimmune, fatty liver disease, genetic and pediatric liver diseases, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic stellate cells and fibrosis, liver immunology, liver regeneration, hepatic surgery, liver transplantation, biliary tract pathophysiology, non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis, viral hepatitis. Abstract BACKGROUND The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 5 million deaths. Multiorganic involvement is well described, including liver disease. In patients with critical COVID-19, a new entity called "post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy" has been described. Here, we present three patients with severe COVID-19 that subsequently developed persistent cholestasis and chronic liver disease. All three patients required intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support, and broad spectrum antibiotics due to secondary infections. Liver transplant protocol was started for two of the three patients. Severe COVID-19 infection should be considered a potential risk factor for chronic liver disease and liver transplantation. multiorganic involvement is well described, including liver disease. In patients with critical COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and management in the intensive care unit, a new entity called "post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy" has been described. It is characterized by persistent cholestasis and chronic liver disease. Therefore, severe COVID-19 infection should be considered a potential risk factor for chronic liver disease probably requiring liver transplantation.


The research object is the sacred music of a well-known Norwegian composer Henning Sommerro (born 1952), one of the bright components of his multifaceted creative work. The present article is the first work within the Russian scientific literature analyzing this aspect through the prism of one of the key works of the composer. The authors are also the first to introduce the complete musical score of the composition into the scientific discourse. Along with the recordings, it helps to understand how the composer manages to successfully combine the liturgical and secular components, the poetical and musical texts, and how they outline the modern musical directions. The research subject is the musical drama and expressive means of the "Partisan Requiem" (2000) by Sommerro performed by the combined Russian-Norwegian choir (Murmansk, 2019). The research shows that the composer keeps the graphic structure of the historically formed model of the genre. Owing to the musical expressive means and "citation", demonstrating the postmodernist practices of the composer, the genre becomes recognizable, denoting the important "memory spaces". At the same time, in terms of drama, Latin and Norwegian texts are "arranged" according to the internal connection, the monologue inclusions of the narrator are often accompanied with a reduced orchestra, whose timbre and color, on the one hand, thematically unite the Norwegian texts with the graphic and musical sphere of the composition, and on the other hand, deepen the understanding of the ideas underlying them. The briefness of poetic verses strengthens the importance of each of them; they are rhythmically linked to liturgical texts thus helping to create a single lexical and musical fabric of the composition by means of a complex interaction of the choir, the orchestra, the soloists and the actor-narrator.


The recent progress in the instrument,analytical technique of laser ablation inductively cou- pled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)in metallurgical analysis has been reviewed.It empha- sised the application of LA-ICP-MS in bulk analsysis and micro-zone analysis such as depth analysis, inclusion analysis and segregation analysis in metallurgical materials.


The International Conference Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies (FM&NT-2011) was held in Riga, 5–8 April 2011 in the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia (ISSP LU). The conference was organized in co-operation with projects ERANET 'MATERA' and National Research programme in Materials Science and Information Technologies. The purpose of the conference was to bring together scientists, engineers and students from universities, research institutes and related industrial companies active in the field of advanced material science and materials technologies trends and future activities. Scientific themes covered in the conference are: theoretical research and modelling of processes and materials; materials for energetics, renewable energy technologies and phtovoltaics; multifunctional inorganic, organic and hybrid materials for photonic, micro and nanoelectronic applications and innovative methods for research of nanostructures; advanced technologies for synthesis and research of nanostructured materials, nanoparticles, thin films and coatings; application of innovative materials in science and economics. theoretical research and modelling of processes and materials; materials for energetics, renewable energy technologies and phtovoltaics; multifunctional inorganic, organic and hybrid materials for photonic, micro and nanoelectronic applications and innovative methods for research of nanostructures; advanced technologies for synthesis and research of nanostructured materials, nanoparticles, thin films and coatings; application of innovative materials in science and economics. The number of registered participants from 17 countries was nearly 300. During three days of the conference 22 invited, 69 oral reports and 163 posters were presented. 40 papers, based on these reports, are included in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Additional information about FM&NT-2011 is available in its homepage http://www.fmnt.lu.lv. The Organizing Committee would like to thank all speakers, contributors, session chairs, referees and meeting staff for their efforts in making the FM&NT-2011 successful. The Organizing Committee sincerely hopes that that the conference gave all participants new insights into the widespread development of functional materials and nanotechnologies and would enhance the circulation of information released at the meeting. Andris Sternberg Inta Muzikante Janis Zicans International Organizing Committee Andris Sternberg (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia, MATERA Juras Banys, Vilnius University, Lithuania Gunnar Borstel, University of Osnabrück, Germany Niels E Christensen, University of Aarhus, Denmark Robert A Evarestov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Claes-Goran Granqvist, Uppsala University, Sweden Dag Høvik, The Research Council of Norway, Norway, MATERA Marco Kirm, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Estonia Vladislav Lemanov, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russia Witold Lojkowski, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Poland Ergo Nommiste, University of Tartu, Estonia Helmut Schober, Institut Laue-Langevin, France Sisko Sipilä, Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, Finland, MATERA Ingólfur Torbjörnsson, Icelandic Centre for Research, Iceland, MATERA Marcel H Van de Voorde, University of Technology Delft, The Netherlands Andris Sternberg (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia, MATERA Juras Banys, Vilnius University, Lithuania Gunnar Borstel, University of Osnabrück, Germany Niels E Christensen, University of Aarhus, Denmark Robert A Evarestov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Claes-Goran Granqvist, Uppsala University, Sweden Dag Høvik, The Research Council of Norway, Norway, MATERA Marco Kirm, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Estonia Vladislav Lemanov, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russia Witold Lojkowski, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Poland Ergo Nommiste, University of Tartu, Estonia Helmut Schober, Institut Laue-Langevin, France Sisko Sipilä, Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, Finland, MATERA Ingólfur Torbjörnsson, Icelandic Centre for Research, Iceland, MATERA Marcel H Van de Voorde, University of Technology Delft, The Netherlands International Program Committee Inta Muzikante (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia, MATERA Liga Berzina-Cimdina, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Riga Technical University, Latvia Janis Grabis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia Leonid V Maksimov, Vavilov State Optical Institute, Russia Linards Skuja, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia Maris Springis, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia Ilmars Zalite, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia Janis Zicans, Institute of Polymers, Riga Technical University Inta Muzikante (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia, MATERA Liga Berzina-Cimdina, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Riga Technical University, Latvia Janis Grabis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia Leonid V Maksimov, Vavilov State Optical Institute, Russia Linards Skuja, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia Maris Springis, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia Ilmars Zalite, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia Janis Zicans, Institute of Polymers, Riga Technical University Local Committee: Liga Grinberga, Anatolijs Sarakovskis, Jurgis Grube, Raitis Siatkovskis, Maris Kundzins, Anna Muratova, Maris Springis, Aivars Vembris, Krisjanis Smits, Andris Fedotovs, Dmitrijs Bocarovs, Anastasija Jozepa, Andris Krumins.


ABSTRACT Ground discoidal lenticular stones are common archaeological finds in southeastern South America in the area of southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay. As part of an ongoing experimental program to explore and understand diverse aspects of lithic technologies from the Americas, this article reports a preliminary experiment dedicated to replicating this particular artifact. The research was performed to explore the techniques and stages of manufacture from obtaining the blank to the finished product. This article reports the experiment and proposes a four-stage model of a production sequence employing multiple techniques of lithic reduction (flaking, grinding, pecking, and polishing). The study takes into account the methods, implements, stages of manufacture, characteristics of raw materials, and other significant factors useful to discuss topics related to the traditional technological knowledge involved in the manufacturing process of these artifacts. In light of this investigation, the broader implications concerning the archaeological record are discussed.


Understanding fundamental processes that drive light-induced molecular changes continues to be the focus of research uniting time and chemistry. The advent of ultrafast laser technology provides the tools to both selectively activate specific events, and probe induced changes through the eyes of spectroscopy, yielding unique insights into relating structure and function. The rich field of light-induced science has its roots in the early observations of the effect that sunlight had on colored objects many millennia ago, leading to the beginning of modern photochemistry in Ciamician's laboratory in Bologna, progressing to the revolutionary developments of flash photolysis by Porter and Norrish, and further through laser-based methods into femtochemistry and the work of Zewail. The continuous technological development of ever faster, precise, and diverse time-resolved methods of interrogation keep redefining our understanding of light–matter interactions and its timescales. This themed issue of Dalton Transactions highlights the scope and breadth of developments in ultrafast photochemistry in metal-containing molecules and assemblies thereof – the "inorganic excited state toolbox". The content of the issue illustrates how diversified and sophisticated the field of time-resolved spectroscopy in the context of inorganic excited states has become: the methods presented cover decades of timescales, from femtoseconds to seconds, the length scales from small molecules to oligomers, and energies from a few tens of wavenumbers to several electron Volts. Accordingly, the papers presented cover an extremely diverse range of science, from detailed insights into the structure of excited states inferred from Raman spectroscopy, to photoreactivity of metal carbonyls and polyazides, photoisomerism, organic/inorganic hybrid emissive species, photophysics of DNA intercalators and direct observation of evolution of spin-states. Representative examples of applications of photoactive metal complexes – which span a range of coordination centres across the entire periodic table – include conjugated oligomers and polymers as potential optical power limiting materials, oxidation catalysts, triplet photosensitizers for photoredox reactions, or light-activated drugs. The success in elucidating lightinduced chemical dynamics often relies on our ability to identify transient species involved. Spectroelectrochemical studies of electrochemically generated radical species using UV, visible, IR, Raman or EPR spectroscopies of electrochemically generated radical and/or ions are invaluable tools in this regard, and the interplay between photochemistry and electrochemistry has been demonstrated in several contributions. Intertwined with the experimental progress, enormous advances in theoretical and computational approaches to electronic structure and dynamics of inorganic excited states are illustrated by several papers, including the work describing direct incorporation of Spin– Orbit Coupling in TD-DFT calculations which finally permits investigation of ultrafast (femto-picosecond) intersystem crossing, and high precision calculations of resonance Raman spectra of metalcontaining species. Of particular interest is the fact that the drastic advances in individual methods made it feasible to combine optical excitation with other types of interrogation techniques – such as X-ray absorption and diffraction, electron diffraction, and magneto-optical methods. The power of combining ultrafast laser excitation with X-ray interrogation methods is illustrated in the example of X-ray transient absorption study of interfacial electron injection from an excited state of Cu(I) diimine complexes to a TiO2 nanoparticle. In this experiment, a laser pulse creates the excited state of the diimine complex, and an X-ray pulse probes the structural changes of the complex during the electron injection at different time delays after the photoexcitation, building a "molecular movie" in real time. An exciting emerging direction in method development is that of transient multidimensional infrared spectroscopy, T-2DIR, which permits direct study of vibronic coupling and energy dissipation pathways of non-equilibrated, electronically excited states – so far, there are only few examples of application of T-2DIR to inorganic systems, but the Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK. E-mail: email@example.com; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 9408


Abstract Background There are limited data describing clinical flucytosine pharmacokinetics (PK). The variability of flucytosine partitioning into the CNS is not known. We described the interindividual variability in flucytosine PK in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. In addition, we quantified the extent and variability of CSF partitioning of flucytosine. Methods A PK study was conducted in 64 patients with confirmed HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in Blantyre, Malawi. A four-compartment PK model was developed, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed with flucytosine administered at different doses and in different schedules. Results The estimated mean apparent volume of the central compartment was 17.50 (SD 9.99) L; mean apparent clearance was 5.88 (SD 3.35) L/h; mean apparent volume of the CNS compartment was 41.73 (SD 13.66) L. From the Bayesian posterior estimates, AUC24 values at steady state (144–168 h) with doses of 25 mg/kg q6h were median (IQR) 890.38 (603.81–1213.70) mg.h/L in plasma and 595.66 (425.69–776.64) mg.h/L in CSF. The ratio of CSF:plasma AUC24 was 0.69 (IQR 0.58–0.82). Conclusions This study revealed significant interindividual variability in flucytosine PK in plasma and CSF in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. The population PK model is a first critical step for revised flucytosine regimens that maximize fungal killing and minimize toxicity and the emergence of resistance.


The tray continuous desiccating system for drying the compound was devised based on analysis of the properties of 5-sodiosulfoisophthalic acid dimethylester before and after drying, and the structure, working principle, technical process and features of the desiccating system and its applications was introduced. From the comparison of efficiency, energy consumption, continuous operation and final product quality, the tray continuous desiccator was better in desiccation of 5-sodiosulfoisophthalic acid dimethylester than pin flash dryer.


The potential advantages of using the California Consonant Test (CCT) (Owens & Schubert, 1977) with children are discussed, followed by reports of two exploratory investigations. In the fi rst investigation, the CCT was administered in classrooms to second, third and fourth graders with normal hearing. The children scored within 13% of an adult control group, suggesting that the CCT was not too diffi cult for them. In the second investigation, the CCT was administered to 11 children with hearing loss in classrooms with various amplifi cation combinations. Their scores were lower and more variable than the scores of the children with normal hearing, but all scored above chance, suggesting that the CCT was within their capabilities as well. Additional areas of research and uses of the CCT with children are discussed.


G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest gene family in the genome and are involved in almost every aspect of physiology ranging from hormone receptors to eyesight. They also happen to represent the largest class of "druggable" molecules; in fact, 20‐30% of all FDA‐approved drugs on the market target GPCRs. Despite this, the vast majority of GPCRs remain underappreciated with incomplete expression patterns and characterization. These receptors, termed GPRs, have been linked to metabolic pathways and are known to respond to naturally produced metabolites. We reasoned that the liver, the largest metabolic organ in the body, is primed to take advantage of some of these GPRs in order to regulate its internal environment. To identify these receptors, we performed a large‐scale screen for over 300 GPCRs on whole murine liver using TaqMan qPCR array cards. This screen identified a total of 57 GPRs – with 7 of the them deemed to be "high expressing" with ΔCt values comparable to the more well‐characterized hepatic GPCRs (i.e. glucagon receptor). We confirmed expression of each of these GPRs (GPRc5c, GPR125, GPR146, GPR137, GPR116, GPR108, GPR17) via gene‐specific PCR from multiple murine liver samples.


The invention provides a polypropylene combination and a stretched thin film prepared from the same. The polypropylene combination comprises 100 parts of polypropylene combination (A) and 0.01-1 part (B) of nucleating agent. The component (A) comprises a random copolymer of propylene and a homopolymer of propylene and the total stereo neatness index is not smaller than 96.5%, the content of ethylene is greater than 0.3wt% and the mass ratio of the random copolymer of propylene to the homopolymer of propylene is 30:70 to 70:30. The obtained polypropylene combination has the advantages of excellent high-temperature tensile properties, good rigidity, lower haze and higher luster and demonstrates strong competitiveness when being used to prepare thinned BOPP film.


Kathmandu basin in the Nepal Himalaya, is filled with ~ 500 m thick fluvio-lacustrine sediment and has long been considered seismically vulnerable owing to its geo-tectonic setting. Although, large earthquakes in the past have left trails of damage, strong ground-motion studies in Kathmandu were lacking. Recently, the occurrence of the Mw7.8 Gorkha Earthquake on 25 April 2015 caused infrastructure damages in east and central Nepal including Kathmandu. Followed by more than 350 aftershocks larger than Ml4 with largest one (Mw7.3) occurring on 12 May, the Gorkha Earthquake was the latest entry in the list of large damaging earthquakes. These earthquakes garnered a lot of worldwide attention resulting in a recent increase in seismicity study of the Nepal Himalaya. The Earthquake took nearly 9,000 lives all over the country with 1,739 body counts in Kathmandu alone. The official figure shows that about 13% of buildings inside the Kathmandu basin were damaged. The damage in the basin was mostly seen in masonry structures with RC buildings suffering little or no damage at most places The present study is the analysis of strong ground-motion characteristics of the Gorkha Earthquake and its aftershocks, based on the records on four accelerometers inside the Kathmandu basin. The stations were installed by Hokkaido University in collaboration with Tribhuvan University in 2011 for evaluation of seismic site effect of the basin using strong-motion records. One of the station (KTP) lies above bedrock and was considered as reference to compute spectral ratio of other stations viz. TVU, PTN, and THM on the sediment sites. The PGA of the main shock of the Gorkha Earthquake was highest (241 cm/s) in the rock site, KTP whereas the PGV was found to be highest in sediment site of TVU. The sediment sites show dominance in long-period waves (0.2-0.4 Hz). The spectral ratios show significant amplification in 0.2-1 Hz band at these sites. The strong-motion characteristics were correlated with the damage pattern around an area inscribed by a circle of 200 m radius from the station. The damage to the buildings around the stations did show the influence of local site effect. The acceleration response spectra of the stations are much higher than the design coefficient prescribed by the Nepal Building Code. The amplification in spectral ratio, high PGV values and high acceleration response in 1-2 s period were observed in TVU. The area around TVU saw damages to 10% of buildings as opposed to KTP where only about 5% buildings were damaged. The buildings in KTP were traditional masonry structures built without proper engineering considerations, nevertheless they endured the shaking which, on the other hand, damaged RC buildings around TVU. Another sediment site PTN also showed damage to about 9% of buildings but THM, also sediment site, showed the least damage as most of the buildings were new RC structures.


The invention relates to a method for separating and amplifying a mesenchymal stem cell from a fresh tissue of an umbilical cord. The method comprises the following steps of: sterilizing and cleaning an umbilical cord tissue; shearing the tissue into a block shape; carrying out digestion treatment for 1-2.5 hours and ending the digestion; cleaning the cell obtained by digesting to obtain a cell suspension; adding the cell suspension into a T25 cell culture bottle for culturing; supplementing after culturing the cell suspension for 3-6 days and continuously culturing; carrying out full liquid change for the first time when the cell suspension is cultured for 8-10 days and then carrying out one full medium change every one to three days; when the fusion rate of anchorage-dependent cells in a plate reaches about 50-70 percent, enabling the anchorage-dependent cells to be separated from the bottom of the T25 cell culture bottle by using digestive enzyme; removing supernate by centrifuging, adding a mesenchymal stem cell culture medium for re-suspending the cell, inoculating the cell to the T25 cell culture bottle for carrying out passage and amplifying culture; and then changing liquid once every 1-3 days until the fusion rate reaches 70-90 percent and obtaining the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell. The method disclosed by the invention can be effectively used for separating and augmenting the mesenchymal stem cell.


The ability to confine light in small volumes, associated to low background signals, is an important technological achievement for a number of disciplines such as biology or electronics. In fact, decoupling the source position from the sample area allows an unprecedented sensitivity which can be exploited in different systems. The most direct implications are however related to either Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) or Tip Enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS). Furthermore, while the combination with super-hydrophobic patterns can overcome the typical diffusion limit of sensors, focused surface plasmons decaying into hot electrons can be exploited to study the electronic properties of the sample by means of a Schottky junction. Within this paper these techniques will be briefly described and the key role played by both surface and localized plasmons will be highlighted.


African marigold (Tagetes erecta) has been used for medicinal purposes since prehispanic times. The various parts of the plant such as stem, leaf, flower and root were subjected to analysis the qualitative phytochemical constituents with two different solvents (ethyl alcohol and petroleum ether). About sixteen phytochemicals analysis were carried out, out of which six phytochemicals were identified in both the solvents predominantly.


Molecular biology revolutionized the way we look at other sciences related to medicine, including biochemistry. Currently, genetic testing is fast becoming a routine laboratory tool, and it is the foundation for developing personalized treatments. Revolutions, or paradigm changes, both in art and science have always been a combined result of the work of exceptional individuals, interdisciplinary interactions, and the dynamics of funding and patronage.

It is interesting to recall an all-encompassing revolution in the arts, which happened around 600 years ago, at the beginning of the Italian Renaissance. Florence, one of the Italian city-states, was then a cultural microcosm with an extraordinary concentration of both artists and wealth—and also strong civic pride, which was to an important extent expressed through arts and architecture (1). It was there that the application of mathematics to painting dramatically changed the way painters represented space.

At the beginning of the 15th century, 2 painting styles were predominant in Italy: one being the traditional Byzantine painting emanating from Constantinople, the other an interesting mix of the Byzantine style and northern European realism, resulting in a highly decorative International Gothic. The …


The Scutellaria baicalensis—Coptis chinensis pair is an herbal combination used for the treatment of various heat-related diseases. During the extraction process, two herbs can mutually influence the extraction efficiency of the chemical constituents contained in each herb. The concentrations of five flavonoids from S. baicalensis and seven alkaloids from C. chinensis were compared in paired or single hot-water extracts at different temperatures (80, 90, and 100 °C) and extraction times (60, 90, and 120 min). Temperature- and time-dependent increases in marker compound concentrations were observed in both paired and single extracts, with the exception of baicalin, berberine, and coptisine in the paired extracts at 100 °C. However, the extractions of the compounds in the paired and single extracts were affected differently by the extraction conditions. Furthermore, the concentrations of most marker compounds in single extracts were 1.09–44.13 times those in paired extracts. The contents of baicalin, wogonoside, coptisine, and berberine, known to be easily aggregated by the flavonoid–alkaloid complex, were changed by 0.024–0.764-fold in the paired extract. The effect of extraction temperature and time on the formation of the flavonoid–alkaloid complex was not significant. The extraction efficiency of the flavonoids and alkaloids can be affected by the pair of S. baicalensis—C. chinensis, which is a primary factor in the chemical modification of two herb-containing herbal extracts.


Analyses of data from the first 4 years of a 5-year research project at St. Louis indicate a substantial enhancement of summer rainfall downwind of the urban-industrial complex. This anomaly appears to be caused primarily by the intensification of naturally occurring storm systems through the addition of heat and raindrop nuclei from the urban area. Most of the enhancement is associated with organized storm systems and is most pronounced during and after the period of maximum diurnal heating.


Surfactants are organic compounds containing in one molecule both lyophobic (hydrophobic) and lyophilic (hydrophilic) parts. Due to such amphiphilic structure surfactants exhibit specific properties in solutions, as well as in solid state. When present at low concentrations in solutions they adsorb at all available interfaces (liquid/gas, liquid /liquid, liquid /solid) and as a consequence dramatically change their free energy. At higher concentrations, above so called critical micellization concentration, when all the interfaces are occupied, surfactants self-assemble in the bulk in various structures: micelles, vesicles and liquid crystals. Surfactants versatile phase behavior and ability to form different structures, with sizes from nano to micro-scale, is a reason why they are widely used in various industrial processes, ranging from classical (paints, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods) to modern technologies (synthesis of advanced materials, environmental protection). Moreover, surfactants have important roles in living organisms. Examples are pulmonary surfactants, proteins, biological membranes which can be considered to be self-assembled bilayers of surface active compounds, etc. In constant search for more efficient and environmentally friendly surfactants, both academic and industrial interest has been focused on design and preparation of novel, complex, surfactant structures, with improved properties in comparison with conventional surfactants, i.e. those containing only one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic group. Novel surfactants which have attracted considerable interest in last two decades are oligomeric surfactants. These compounds are made up of two or more amphiphilic moieties covalently linked at the level of the head groups or very close to them by a spacer group. This means that, at least in principle, it is possible to synthetize oligomeric surfactants using two or more molecules of identical or different conventional surfactant and connecting them with a spacer group varying in chemical nature, length, hydrophobicity and rigidity. The number of possible architectures, and thus properties, is vast. In this chapter the influence of the oligomerization degree, length of hydrophobic chains, nature of the spacer and topology of the molecule on the properties of higher oligomeric surfactants in the solution and at the interfaces is discussed. Comparison is made with behavior of corresponding monomeric and dimeric surfactants. Special emphasis is placed on possible applications of higher oligomeric surfactants.


The passive acoustic localization technique is frequently used to detect and track the target that emitting acoustic signals. It is widely used by the military for its advantages of concealment and anti-jamming. This paper presents a new fusion algorithm for the passive asynchronous multi-acoustic-sensor system which only supplies the time delay bearing information. First adjust the time-space of supplied bearing information which supplied by asynchronous multi-acoustic-sensor, then use pseudo-linear kalman filter (PLE-KF) to track the aim. Monte Carlo simulation shows this algorithm attains the localization precision of our project.


Abstract This paper presents an analytical model from which to estimate the air leakage through rotary valves feeding positive-pressure pneumatic conveying systems. Estimating air leakage through rotary valves is an important part of the design of certain pneumatic conveying systems. Accounting for leakage assists in estimating blower and bin vent requirements and reduces maintenance costs and downtime. An overestimate of the leakage can contribute to inefficiencies, excessive pipeline wear and particle attrition, while an underestimate can lead to blocked pipelines and severely reduced solid flowrates through the valve. The formulation of the analytical model presented in this paper is based on the principle of air flow through multiple orifice plates in series. The leakage rate across a pressure differential is determined by treating each constriction between rotor blade and casing as an orifice plate. The validity of the model is confirmed by comparing its results to previously recorded empirical data. Note that, while this paper addresses rotary valves feeding positive-pressure pneumatic conveying systems, the same principles can be used for the design of vacuum pneumatic conveying systems. For vacuum systems the air density and differential pressure must be accounted for in order to estimate the air leakage rate in the opposite direction through the valve. Accounting for this type of leakage is especially important for vacuum systems with (a) multiple feed points, in order to ensure that adequate upstream transport velocities are reached, and (b) inert gas as the transport medium, where air leakage into the system can dilute the conveying gas.


A large amount of information has been published to online social networks every day. Individual privacy-related information is also possibly disclosed unconsciously by the end-users. Identifying privacy-related data and protecting the online social network users from privacy leakage turn out to be significant. Under such a motivation, this study aims to propose and develop a hybrid privacy classification approach to detect and classify privacy information from OSNs. The proposed hybrid approach employs both deep learning models and ontology-based models for privacy-related information extraction. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the proposed hybrid approach, and the empirical results demonstrate its superiority in assisting online social network users against privacy leakage.


Digging date can have a major impact on pod yield, market grade characteristics, and economic return of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and can be influenced by environmental conditions and disease management. In 17 experiments from 2003 to 2012, economic return of peanut was determined over 5 digging dates spaced 1 week apart beginning in early to mid-September through mid-October. Linear, quadratic, and cubic relationships for economic return versus days after peanut emergence were observed in 3, 6, and 4 experiments, respectively, with no response to digging date observed in 4 experiments. In a second experiment from 2005 to 2012, relationships among canopy defoliation and economic return for peanut at 3 digging dates with 3 fungicide regimes were variable, although increasing the number of fungicide sprays decreased canopy defoliation and increased economic return for later digging dates. Applying a single late-season spray of fungicide as a rescue treatment reduced canopy defoliation in 4 of 8 years and affected economic value in 2 of 8 years.


To the Editor:

In a recent issue, de Rotte, et al 1 reported that 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 3 key methotrexate (MTX) transporter genes were determinants of response to MTX in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). These investigators are to be commended for their efforts in a field, juvenile arthritis, where there is a relative scarcity of data on MTX pharmacogenetics, compared to adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their study examined the association between 21 SNP in 13 genes involved in MTX cellular transport and …

E-mail: prangana{at}dom.wustl.edu


The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum finishing condition on the fabric with synthesized microcapsules containing octadecane, one of the phase change materials (PCMs), and to compare the adhesive methods, Knife-Over-Roll (KOR) and Screen Printing Method (SPM), for coating on the fabrics. The optimum treatment conditions of temperature/time and concentration were 110℃/1 min and 30% concentration. The thermostatic property increased as concentration of microcapsules increased. And the thermal properties after repeated laundering decreased after 5 times. In the mechanical properties, such as bending, shear, and tensile, treated fabric by KOR were stiffer, harder, thicker than that by SPM even though the thermal properties were similar, which meant the SPM was more appropriate adhesive method than KOR.


Knowledge and technology are endogenous variables of economic growth,but higher education is one of the main ways to ensure that workers have the knowledge and technology.This paper,starting from the relationship between higher education and economic development in Xinjiang,observes the driving role that higher education plays in economic development in Xinjiang both quantitatively and qualitatively by establishing the index system and regression model of higher education development in Xinjiang.The results showed that:the quantity development of higher education in Xinjiang over the past decade demonstrates the superiority to its quality development;education scale has certain driving role to stimulating economic development,but the quality of education does not form a strong driving role in the economy.Therefore,it is of great necessity to focus more on improving the quality of higher education when increasing its number in future development,constantly improve the higher education investment system,and improve education expenditure planning.


Polymer nanocomposites with improved processing and optimized usage properties possess high potential for high-tech applications and tailore-made materials. However, only systems based on polyamide matrix have been commercialized up to now. The main problem consists in the difficulty of up-scaling, i.e. transfer of results from laboratory to industrial processing. In this contribution, examples of laboratory ("micro compounding") as well as semi-industrial compounding ("advanced compounding") with advanced processing and characterizing techniques are presented. It is shown that for successful applications of polymer nanocomposites both micro as well as advanced compounding should be employed in order to achieve specific material properties and reduced development time. Micro compounding has been used to find an optimal organoclay surface treatment for enhancement of recycled polyethyleneterephthalate (PET). Advanced compounding has been applied in order to optimize processing conditions at semi-industrial scale. It is shown on example of polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites that controlled adjustment of residence time and shear rate in compounder is crucial to achieve desired material properties.


The crystal structure of the title compound, C16H26NO2 +·C18H13O8 −, is stabilized by an extensive network of classical N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. The crystal structure also shows an ammonium-driven diastereoisomerism.


Abstract : The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship among the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), lapses during a tapping task, a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS). Subjects were 80 male adult nonsmokers (age 20.3 + or - 2.7 years). The MSLT, SSS, and the VAS were obtained at two-hour intervals beginning at 0700 h. On the MSLT, sleep latency was measured from lights out to first spindle, K-complex or rapid-eye- movement (REM) period. The tapping task (lapses) was administered each day at 0600 h, but became nonsignificant as the day progressed. Correlations of objective and subjective measures from scores summed over both days were not significant. The two objective measures were significantly correlated throughout the day and over days as were the subjective measures. This study reaffirms the importance of time of day in sleepiness, and suggests that subjective and objective measures cannot be used interchangeably and may measure different aspects of sleepiness.


This paper presents a method for classifying pen strokes in an on-line sketching system. The method, based on linear least squares fitting to a conic section equation, proposes using the conic equation's natural classification property to help classify sketch strokes and identify lines, elliptic arcs, and corners composed of two lines with an optional fillet. The hyperbola form of the conic equation is used for corner detection. The proposed method has proven to be fast, suitable for real-time classification, and capable of tolerating noisy input, including cusps and spikes. The classification is obtained in o(n) time in a single path, where n is the number of sampled points. In addition, an improved adaptive method for clustering disconnected endpoints is proposed. The notion of in-context analysis is discussed, and examples from a working implementation are given.


Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been the apple of people's eye with their high energy density and high theoretical capacity. However, challenges arising from the nature of materials have plagued the commercialization of this technology, among which the notorious shuttle effect, serious volume expansion and insulating nature of sulfur and its low order reduced products are key problems. Constructing nanocomposites of sulfur with heteroatom-doped carbon nanostructures is an efficient and promising approach. However, there are limited reports on boron and oxygen dual doping treatment used in lithium–sulfur batteries, let alone explaining an in-depth mechanism. Herein, we prepared boron and oxygen dually doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (BO-MWNTs) as the host material for sulfur. With the successful introduction of boron and oxygen, the electrical conductivity of the carbon material is obviously increased. Furthermore, the effect of doped heteroatoms on the carbon/sulfur (C/S) composites and its mechanistic understanding are explored and confirmed via both experiments and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that B and O dual dopants can offer abundant adsorptive sites and lead to strong chemisorption between the carbon and the sulfides. This dual doping treatment leads to improved cycling stability and rate capability performance of the C/S cathode. Hence, the proposed innovative mechanistic understanding of boron and oxygen doping on carbon materials is hopeful to shed light on the designing principle for advanced C/S composites.


The grounding technology is one of the important methods to restrain noise and guard against disturbing.Several kinds of common grounding ways are introduced and the merits and the demerits are listed.Meanwhile,the methods of grounding anti-interference about the A/D converter,shield line,balanced circuit and PCB board are elaborated,and the main issues should be considered when designing earth wire and the grounding position in the electronic equipment.


Teaching of college English reading and writing is a very important part in College English teaching.However,the students' abilities of reading and writing are far from satisfaction. Although the studies on English reading and writing are increasing these years,researchers usually ignore the connection of the two,which results in the inefficiency of the teaching methods. Based on memetics,the paper sheds light on the feasibility of combination of"reading and writing model"and its enlightenment on College English teaching.


This paper adopts the opinions of the naturalism in the modern western value philosophy and designs an evaluation index system of cash flow condition on the basis of the empirical knowledge and enterprise theory.The 19 indexes involved in this system are grouped into three categories,i.e.safety,continuity and profitability.Applying the factor analysis,this paper gets the weight of each index of the data on the stock markets in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2009,thus constructing the evaluation model of the cash flow condition in 2010.The findings show that this model is conducive to the evaluation and analysis of cash flow conditions and the management of cash flow.


384-388, edited by Wender and Pino (John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated; 1968). "Carbon Monoxide in Organic Synthesis', by J. Falbe, pp. 58-59 (Springer-Verlag, New York; 1970). "Homogeneous Catalysis with Compounds of Rhodium and Iridium', by R. S. Dickson, pp. 133-134 (D. Reidel Publishing Company, Holland; 1985). "New Synthesis with Carbon Monoxide', pp. 293-294 and 422-423 (Springer-Verlag, New York; 1980). "Organic Synthesis via Metal Carbonyls', vol. 2, pp. 20-26, edited by Wender and Pino (John Wiley & Sons, New York; 1977).


An image authentication method based on phase retrieval and an elliptic curve digital signature algorithm comprises two processes, namely an authentication information generation process and a security authentication process. An authentication center generates and publishes elliptic curve public key cryptosystem parameters; a user is authorized to select a private key and generate a public key; a signature is given to an identify label, and the signature is encoded into a two-dimension code; an authenticated image and the two-dimension code after noise addition processing are subjected to iterating encoding based on a phase retrieval algorithm so as to obtain two phase secret keys; Hash operation message authentication codes relevant to the authenticated image, the public key in the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm and a secret key of the identify label are sent to the authentication center and stored in an authentication center database; an output image is obtained according to the two phase secret keys; the amplitude of the output image is matched with the authenticated image in the authentication center database; phases are decoded, and the signature is verified; user rights of a user terminal are determined. The image authentication method based on the phase retrieval and the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm avoids a collision problem based on a Fresnel diffraction image encryption system, and improves safety.


The existence of the painting has long been known: Rossetti included it in the first catalogue raisonné of Blake's works, published in 1863 (cat. 143, 447). Yet before coming to Amherst, Jairus's Daughter appears never to have been exhibited in any public venue, including during the artist's lifetime. Nor has the painting been widely published. Although mentioned in several studies, it has received little extended attention, and been reproduced only twice before the present instance, in black-and-white illustrations whose imperfect quality gives a mistaken impression of poor preservation (Keynes, 34 and Butlin, pl. 1193). The acquisition of Jairus's Daughter by a public museum will surely rectify its former neglect. This article seeks to begin the process of rediscovery, and to suggest avenues of further enquiry. 1


The coupling is facilitated by the presence of donor substituents at the aryl fragment and does not occur with strong electron acceptor groups.


In recent decades, many technological advances have been enabled by nanoscale phenomena, giving rise to the field of nanotechnology. In particular, unique optical and electronic phenomena occur on length scales less than 10 nanometres, which enable novel applications. Halide perovskites have been the focus of intense research on their optoelectronic properties and have demonstrated impressive performance in photovoltaic devices and later in other optoelectronic technologies, such as lasers and light-emitting diodes. The most studied crystalline form is the three-dimensional one, but, recently, the exploration of the low-dimensional derivatives has enabled new sub-classes of halide perovskite materials to emerge with distinct properties. In these materials, low-dimensional metal halide structures responsible for the electronic properties are separated and partially insulated from one another by the (typically organic) cations. Confinement occurs on a crystal lattice level, enabling bulk or thin-film materials that retain a degree of low-dimensional character. In particular, quasi-zero dimensional perovskite derivatives are proving to have distinct electronic, absorption, and photoluminescence properties. They are being explored for various technologies beyond photovoltaics (e.g. thermoelectrics, lasing, photodetectors, memristors, capacitors, LEDs). This review brings together the recent literature on these zero-dimensional materials in an interdisciplinary way that can spur applications for these compounds. The synthesis methods, the electrical, optical, and chemical properties, the advances in applications, and the challenges that need to be overcome as candidates for future electronic devices have been covered.


The classic explanation of the gambler's fallacy, proposed exactly fifty years ago by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, describes the fallacy as a cognitive bias resulting from the psychological makeup of human judgment. We will show that the gambler's fallacy is not in fact a psychological phenomenon, but has its roots in the counter-intuitive mathematics of chance.


We performed extensive experiments to study the impact of varying the payload length on the Packet Reception Rate of LoRaWAN packets with various spreading factors and transmission power levels. The experimental setup consists of motes connected to The Things Network back-end. Our results show that the payload length only slightly impacts the Packet Reception Rate, for the majority of the gateways. As a result, we conclude that besides the impact of the signal to noise ratio on the bit error rate, it seems that reception is conditioned on the initial packet detection. Our aim is to determine and experimentally model this probability with respect to the signal to noise ratio.


Generating power from HyperCoal is a high-efficiency process in which the organic portion of coal is extracted with industrial solvents at a temperature around 360 °C and fed to a gas turbine directly. This study sought to establish a selection index for identifying subbituminous coals that give high extraction yields. Subbituminous coals were extracted at 360 °C with flowing industrial solvents, and we investigated the relationship between the extraction yield and the quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups in the coal. The extraction yield with a polar solvent, crude methylnaphthalene oil (CMNO), increased with the quantity of carboxylate groups bridged by metal cations, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ (COOM). The correlation coefficient between the extraction yield and the quantity was 0.82. Acid treatment of coal before extraction released COOM cross-links, increasing the extraction yield. These results suggest that the thermal extraction of low-rank coals strongly depends on the cross-links rather than...


The traditional studies about two manipulators handling a flexible payload are mainly focused on configuration analysis and stability. In this paper, the control problem based on observer is studied. With the characteristic of flexible payload, the relations of the vibration states are got from the contact points between the end of manipulators and flexible payload. A new observer is designed based on the available states. In order to make the system easy to control, the model is divided into a slow subsystem and a fast subsystem. The controllers are designed for each subsystem, respectively. The stability of the whole system can be guaranteed with the observer and the control method. The simulation validates the observer and controller.


with oxidizing substances, it is essential that the red or reddish-pink colour developing in the test should invariably be submitted to chloroform extraction. By this means the most important single fallacy-namely, a pink colour due to urorosein-can be excluded. If it is suspected that the substance giving rise to a pink colour soluble in chloroform is not urobilinogen (an exceptional finding if the reagents are properly prepared and if very weak delayed colour reactions are disregarded), then a saturated solution of sodium acetate should be added immediately after the aldehyde reagent to ensure the specificity of the test.


A 32-year-old man underwent wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) (OMOM Capsule Endoscopy, Jinshan Science & Technology Company, Chongqing, China) for detecting obscure gastrointestinal bleeding 7.5 years ago. The result of WCE did not reveal any hemorrhagic focus, diverticulum or other abnormal changes of the gastrointestinal tract until its battery exhausted. The man then moved out from the area and lost to follow up without a report of capsule excretion. For confirming the diagnosis of recurrent melena and iron-deficiency anemia, the patient came to our clinical center. Abdominal X-ray and computed tomography (CT) revealed a hyperdense foreign body-corresponding to the capsule-located in the pelvis (Fig.1A and Fig.1B).

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This paper presents an electromagnetic sizing procedure for the preliminary design of wound field synchronous motors for traction applications. The rated data, the permissible electromagnetic loadings, and few initial geometry and winding specifications are requested as input for the algorithm. The procedure is based on an analytical-numerical approach, consisting of increasing the machine rotor diameter until the requested performances are obtained respecting all the imposed constraints. A preliminary lamination geometry is built only using analytical equations and considering the no-load operating conditions of the machine. The sizing procedure is therefore completed at rated load using finite element simulations. In this paper, the proposed procedure is validated on a highly engineered wound field synchronous motor used for transportation applications.


Introduction Transcending Binaries. Part I: Erotics Embodied: Varieties and Meanings of Erotic Transferences. Maternal Erotic Transferences and Merger Wishes. Maternal Erotic Transferences: Engaging the Mother Within. Erotic Transferences and the Role of Aggression. The Guilty Pleasure of Erotic Countertransference: Searching for Radial True. Erotic Countertransference Revelations. Part II: Perverse Scenarios Revisited. Perverse Female Scenarios: The Objectified Self. Sadomasochistic Relating: What's Sex Got To Do With It? Fetishes, the Anal Universe and Other Fantasies of One Person Relating. Conclusion Positions of Subjectivity: The Ineluctable Construction of the Self.


The determination of some proteins structure at high resolution often results difficult from an experimental point of view. It is true especially for many integral membrane proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins. In this context, we try to develop a statistical technique alternative to the classical methods used to calculate hydropathy graphics, called Kernel Windows Method with Conditional Moving Windows (KWMCMW); the latter has been implemented in order to improve the degree of accuracy of the transmembrane helices (TMH) prediction. The KWMCMW introduces the effect of distance in calculating the hydropathy value for each amino acid (AA) residue in the sequence. Consequently, this new method is extended to a peripheral membrane protein with partially unknown structure. The implementation of specific software written in Python language makes the method suitable for application to any membrane protein.


Aim: To compare the proximal contacts and contours in class II composite restorations in premolars achieved with Automatrix band with separation ring vs Automatrix band alone. Materials and methods: A total of 188 premolar teeth with proximal cavity were assigned on alternate basis in two groups. Intervention group teeth received Automatrix band with separation ring using clamp forceps, while the control group received Automatrix band alone. All preparations were restored with P-60 composite (3M-ESPE Dental, USA). The outcome (proximal tightness) was determined by a blinded assessor. Chi-square test was applied to compare the contact tightness between the two groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was applied to determine any correlation between the contact tightness with proximal contours. p-value of 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The intervention group exhibited better proximal contacts than the control group (p-value 0.040). There was no correlation between the contact tightness and the proximal contours. Conclusion: The use of separation ring along with Automatrix matrix band in class II composite restorations resulted in significantly better proximal contacts than Automatrix band alone. However, the separation ring does not contribute in producing an additional improvement in the proximal contours. The proximal contour has no relationship with the proximal contact tightness.


Magnetic MCM-41 of large surface area (ca. 800 m2 g−1) and high magnetization (ca. 8.3 emu g−1) was prepared at a reasonable iron oxide nanoparticles loading of 10 wt % by a two-step synthesis process. The 8 nm iron oxide nanoparticles (i.e., 30 m2 g−1) were embedded in the MCM-41 with no observable effects on the particle morphology and pore symmetry, but a slight change (i.e., <20%) in the textural properties and surface chemistry was detected. Aminopropyls (2.7 mmol g−1) were grafted on the mesopore channels followed by the adsorption of 1.2 mmol g−1 Fe3+ to prepare selective adsorbents for arsenic(V) and chromium(VI) oxyanions. Detailed analyses indicated that the surface modifications of the magnetic and nonmagnetic MCM-41 by aminopropyls and Fe3+ yield similar site chemistry and accessibility. The Fe3+-magMCM-41 and Fe3+-MCM-41 displayed comparable adsorption capacity and selectivity. Both adsorbed only As(V) and Cr(VI) oxyanions (i.e., 1.0 and 2.0 mmol g−1, respectively), and none of the Cu(II). Th...


Background: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare central nervous system tumor composed of primitive rhabdoid cells that may differentiate along neuroectodermal, mesenchymal and epithelial lineages. AT/RT in adults is rare but not completely exceptional. It generally arises from the posterior fossa of infants, but the broad majority of the reported AT/RT in adults manifested supratentorially with the exception of four cases that arose in the cerebellum and two that arose in the spinal cord. Case Description: A 44-year-old female complained of visual disturbance. We performed craniotomies twice and removed partially for each time, but any malignant cells were not found in the specimens. Finally, we determined histological diagnosis from the extended lesion. She died of respiratory failure 17 months after the initial treatment. Conclusion: AT/RT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a sellar lesion in adult patients. However AT/RT is rare in adults, the appropriate immunohistochemical evaluation should be performed to diagnose this rare entity.


The Research Commission and Task Force Chairs of the National Art Education Association held a strategic planning meeting, November 12-14, 1999, at the Crowne Plaza Hotel in Washington, DC. This was the second combined Research Commission and Task Force meeting, other than those held at the national conference each year. The group would like to thank the NASA Board of Directors for its support of developing sound art education research. The deliberations of the commissioners and task force chairs were productive, cooperative, and constructive, and professional leadership qualities were exhibited by everyone. Background In 1993, the National Art Education Association formulated A Visual Arts Research Agenda Toward the 21st Century. It established a Research Commission to formulate a Blueprint For Implementing the NASA Research Agenda in 1994. The primary mission of the commission was to develop a research program in visual arts education and to encourage significant research in eight task force areas. The task forces' missions are to create a framework for inquiry and to facilitate communication and participation among individuals and groups to advance research in their area. Under the leadership of its first chair, Enid Zimmerman, the Research Commission and Task Forces produced six publications. These presented research questions, defined research areas and established working groups of researchers. This work was primarily setting the stage, identifying, and preparing for research in our field. The next phase in this evolution requires more focus, with the task forces designing and carrying out specific research projects. Two recent Commission and Task Force efforts demonstrate this transition. First, the Conceptual Issues Symposium, held last summer at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, produced some very sound recommendations for research directions. In the second, a working group of four researchers sponsored by the NAEA Board is training to work with NAEP data and conduct a follow-up NAEP secondary study. These two cases exemplify the evolution from identifying needs to conducting research. The Agenda The NAEA Board of Directors expressed an interest in reexamining the function and research focus of the Commission and Task Forces. The first item addressed the establishment of a sharper focus for the NAEA research agenda. The second item addressed more effective dissemination routes for art education research and for the general working of the Commission and its Task Forces. Three other major topics were research funding proposals for the association, reexamining the structure and purpose of the Commission and Task Forces, and establishing a rotation for appointments of commissioners and task force chairs. Focal Point I: Research Tonics Three major focal points were developed. The first identified three priority research topics for the Commission. The three topics will constitute our primary focus in a sequence, rotating in 2-year phases. The three phases are, in order: Student Learning in Secondary Art Education; The Use of Technology in Art Education; and Professional Development for Art Educators. The 6-year research plan looks like this: Phase I: Year One. Student Learning in Secondary Art Education Funding request (5-8 grants, Secondary Ed) Phase I: Year Two. Student Learning in Secondary Art Education Funding continues from year one New funding request, Secondary Education Phase II: Year Three. The Use of Technology in Art Education Funding continues from Secondary Education New funding request (5-8 grants, Technology) Phase II: Year Four. The Use of Technology in Art Education Funding continues from year three New funding requests, Technology Symposium on Secondary Education Phase III, years five and six, will be dependent upon NAEA Board review of Commission and Task Force Work Phase III: Year Five. …


Using silicon based micromachining we have developed different techniques to create 1D and 2D confined nanochannels, with a characteristic diameter down to 5 nm. A short introduction to these techniques will be given. Capillary action in channels of this small size is a strong effect.


Magnetic fluid sealers (MFS) are used for sealing rotating shafts in electric motors operating under high humidity, dust and contamination. Friction moment and heating are the most important operational parameters of the MFS, which are influenced by design and operating parameters: speed; operating time; temperature; gap, taking into account roughness and undulation. Models of gaps of magneto-fluidic sealers MFS formed by surfaces with different roughness values are obtained. The contact areas of the magnetic fluid (MF) with surfaces for MFS at different roughness values are determined. The contact area of the MF with rough wavy surfaces was determined by mathematical modeling. Experimental studies were performed at the experimental stand. Replaceable bushings and a pole made of different steels with different roughness values were used. The developed experimental setup allows us to conduct research on the impact of changes in design and operating parameters on the performance indicators of MFS.


In this paper, the effect of plasmonic nanoparticles on performance of organic photovoltaic cells has been investigated. For this purpose, polymer photovoltaic cells were fabricated in the conventional structure as well as the presence of silver plasmonic nanoparticles, with the structures ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/BCP/LiF/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Ag/P3HT:PCBM/BCP/LiF/Al ,respectively. In order to enhance the plasmonic properties of the Ag, after deposition, heat treatment was performed at two different temperatures of 180  ̊C and 120  ̊C. The photovoltaic parameters of the cells were determined and the role of silver plasmonic nanoparticles on the performance of the cell was analyzed. The results show that the presence of silver plasmonic nanoparticles increases the absorption of active layer and, consequently, improves the efficiency of the polymer photovoltaic cells.


Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) recognizing lineage‐ and stage‐specific human cell‐surface antigens are valuable reagents for the characterization and isolation of various specialized cell populations derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). In this report, we examined the use of in vitro differentiated transchromosomic mouse embryonic stem cells (TC‐ESCs) as immunogens to obtain MoAbs against human cell‐surface antigens. Immunization of a neural‐cell population derived from differentiating human chromosome 4 and 11 TC‐ESCs resulted in two chromosome‐specific MoAbs, h4‐neural1 and h11‐neural1, respectively. The staining profiles of differentiated TC‐ESCs and human embryonic carcinoma cells with these MoAbs were similar to the expression profile of nestin, a well‐characterized intracellular marker for neural progenitor cells. We also described the successful purification and identification of the gene for h4‐neural1 antigen (CD133, 4p15.32) with immunoaffinity chromatography. This procedure may have significant utility in generating MoAbs useful for understanding the mechanism that regulates the in vitro differentiation of hESCs.


In this paper, a stochastic hybrid predator-prey model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and Lévy jumps is studied. Firstly, it is proved that the model has a unique global solution. Secondly, sufficient conditions for weak persistence in the mean and extinction of prey and predator populations are established. Finally, sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of ergodic stationary distribution are established. Moreover, several numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the main results.


Although disinfection in drinking water treatment plants provides a safer water supply by inactivating pathogenic microorganisms, harmful disinfection by-products may be formed. In this study, the disinfectant, chlorine, was produced on-site from the electrolysis of salt (NaCl), and the by-products of the disinfection process, bromate and chlorate, were analyzed. The provisional guideline levels for bromate and chlorate in drinking water are and , in Korea, respectively. Bromide salt was detected at concentrations ranging from 6.0 ~ 622 mg/kg. Bromate and chlorate were detected at concentrations ranging from non-detect (ND) ~ 45.3mg/L and 40.5 ~ 1,202 mg/L, respectively. When comparing the bromide concentration in the salt to the bromate concentration in the chlorine produced by salt electrolysis, the correlation of bromide to bromate concentration was 0.870 (active chlorine concentration from on-site production: 0.6-0.8%, n=40). The correlation of bromate concentration in the chlorine produced to that in the treated water was 0.866.


This paper analyzes the reasons why the tar content in surplus ammonia water is higher, and puts forward some measures for reducing the tar content in surplus ammonia water such as lowering the tar/water interface of the ammonia water separator, transforming the ammonia water separator's tar/water interface instrument conduit, raising surplus ammonia water trough outer pipe, and selecting the tar flotater, etc.


Summary High-quality converted wave (PS) imaging and amplitude variation with offset (AVO) products can assist geological interpretation and are important to decouple the response of pressure and fluid effects. Ultra-high density ocean-bottom node (UHDOBN) acquisition over Clair Ridge, West of Shetland, U.K., was designed to record low seismic frequencies that were preserved and enhanced by processing including source deghosting. Model building added velocity details and updated the low-frequency model by full-waveform inversion and ensured a good PP-PS tie through joint PP-PS tomography with an event match constraint. AVO QC was extended to PS data and applied during processing to monitor wavelet stability and amplitude compliance for the post-migration workflow. Post-migration processing led to an improvement in wavelet predictability and reduced side lobes that can be advantageous for the inversion. PS AVO QC may also be applied for pre-migration processing steps. PP-PS joint AVO inversion for velocity and density showed improved property estimates and match to well logs when compared to single wavefield inversions. High-quality PS imaging and successful inversion has increased confidence in using PS inversion products beyond imaging, to assist with interpretation between wells.


Labor Economizing is an important strategy adopted in simultaneous interpretation.When working under huge time pressure,the interpreter will find it feasible to apply such a strategy to his/her simultaneous interpretation.


We present the Feynman graphs and the corresponding expressions, up to 4th loop order, for a generic effective quantum field theory action. Whereas there are 2 graphs in the 2-loop order, and 8 graphs in the 3-loop order, we obtain 43 irreducible graphs in the 4-loop order. These results are obtained using Mathematica programming, where the underlying code is capable of generating graphs and expressions to any desired loop order. We explain the associated programming strategy.


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The one-dimensional crawling movement of a cell is considered in this theoretical study. Our active gel model shows that for a cell with weakly mechanosensitive adhesion complexes, as myosin contractility increases, a cell starts to move at a constant velocity. As the mechanosensitivity of the adhesion complexes increases, a cell can exhibit stick-slip motion. Finally, a cell with highly mechanosensitive adhesion complexes exhibits periodic back-and-forth migration. A simplified model which assumes that the cell crawling dynamics are controlled by the evolution of the myosin density dipole and the asymmetry of adhesion complex distribution captures the motility behaviors of crawling cells qualitatively. It suggests that the complex cell crawling behaviors observed in the experiments could result from the interplay between the distribution of contractile force and mechanosensitive bonds.


Composite honeycomb panel is a new kind of environmental material. In this paper, its origin andformation theory is briefly described; its applications in spaceflight, architecture, furniture and packaging aresummarized ; and its prospects in saving wood, decreasing the" white pollution", eliminating the tradebarrier and increasing production profits are also analyzed.


American Cyanamid Co.'s plan to install co-generation electric power facilities at five locations will die unless the company can negotiate with five utilities to purchase surplus power from them cheaply. Most companies that generate their own power depend on utilities to supply them with back-up power when needed. Cyanamid energy coordinator Lloyd Loughridge maintains that utilities would not be penalized to sell power cheaply to them because their generators and boilers are already financed. Energy audits show that real energy-saving opportunities exist with co-generation. (MCW)


The concept of "function" serves various purposes in engineering design, resulting in a variety of definitions for the same term. This paper presents an analysis of function definitions provided by mechanical engineering students as part of a larger protocol study on function modeling behaviors. This work investigates the relationships between student definitions of function and their corresponding completed function models. Student definitions are also compared to those found in literature using a topical analysis. Student definitions tend to skew towards one topic, whereas definitions in literature are found to be more likely to contain a combination of topics. Subsequently, student definitions are compared to the function models generated by students based on the size and completeness evaluation of models. Larger function models are found to be correlated to definitions that include terms such as "input/output" and "process". Definitions that use terms such as "task" and "action" are found to have higher evaluation scores, but the differences are small in magnitude. In general, the activity of creating a function model was found to influence how students define function. Finally, limitations of the work are discussed along with future research directions.


Critically ill patients with unhealthy alcohol use are at excess risk for agitation and delirium. Agitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) can result


Introduction Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) were first detected in Antarctic wildlife in the 1960s[1] and continue to be found today [2]. Global fractionation of semi-volatile POPs has been proposed as the primary mechanistic pathway supplying polar regions with contaminant input [3, 4]. The dependence of polar species on lipid rich diets to survive the temperature and productivity extremes of high latitude environments makes them particularly susceptible to bioaccumulation of these often highly lipophilic chemicals. Marine mammals are at the greatest risk of accumulating toxic levels of these chemicals due to their high trophic level, longevity and high proportion of body fat. Whilst Arctic marine mammals have come under scientific scrutiny, there has been a comparative lack of POP research on Antarctic biota [5]. Of notable significance are the few reports concerning Antarctic baleen whales [6, 7]. Southern hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), feed in the Southern Ocean and overwinter in tropical breeding grounds, seasonally undergoing the longest migration and associated fasting events known in any mammal. No peer-reviewed reports currently exist on levels of POPs in southern hemisphere populations, necessitating baseline data. The extreme life history behavior of these populations provide a unique opportunity to study the toxicokinetics of POPs during a period of chronic energy deficit. Previously, medical research has evidenced the toxic effects associated with rapid weight loss and concomitant mobilization of POP burdens [8, 9] Seasonal mobilization of blubber POP fractions during prolonged periods of lipid depletion, may place humpback whales in a higher chemical risk category to that commonly attributed baleen whales [10]. This study provides a comprehensive baseline for monitoring accumulation of POPs in the species, whilst providing insight into the toxicokinetics of POP burdens in wildlife during prolonged periods of fasting and migration.


The localisation of brain glycoprotein NSA 3 was studied by means of indirect immunofluorescence on alcohol fixed, paraffin embedded sections of Rat brain. These techniques allowed the localisation of NSA 3 to the membrane of some (about 10%) of the neurons. In the white matter, the patterns were in agreement with the localisation of the Ranvier nodes. The nodes of Ranvier were also stained in peripheral nerves.


Traditional Japanese concepts for comfortable living in the summer include the use of the thermal convection ventilation by exhausting warm air at the ceiling level. Generally outdoor temperatures during the summer months in some regions, including Hokkaido, can reach 30 ° C in the daytime, but those at night can be very cool. The convection rates of the exhausted warm air and the inflow of cool outdoor air through open windows located in the upper levels of a test house were measured throughout the day by using CO2 as a tracer gas supplied to the bottom zone of the space. The gas concentration in each of 5 zones was simultaneously measured, and the airflow rate between each zone and the others was calculated. It was confirmed that the technique is useful for measuring convective airflow rates and processes through upward openings, such as open windows, and that the vertical ventilation exhausts the stored heat of 1 kW. It was concluded that, for the purpose of energy conserva tion, architects and engineers should consider the utilization of passive venti lation by thermal convection in the summer in highly insulated houses located in cold regions.


The performance of CO2 heat pump water heater was studied experimentally in this paper by comparing a loop heating and a direct heating hot water.In the loop heating mode,with an increase of the water temperature,the compressor inlet and exhaust pressure increased gradually,the power consumption increased and the gas cooler inlet and outlet temperature increased,too.The temperature difference between carbon dioxide and cooling water and heat transfer decreased,the COP of CO2 heat pump system decreased.The operating parameters of the system were stable and the COP remained unchanged in direct heated condition.When the water temperature is 17℃,the COP of the system is about 3.5,much higher than that in loop heating.The results show that the lower inlet temperature can be obtained by modifying the water tank structure and it is a very effective way to improve system performance.


Immunology is a pioneer and practical discipline in biomedical science,bridging basic biologic knowledge with clinical medicine,so called core of translational medicine.Recently,it was noted that the immunologic parameters from blood and bone marrow greatly differ in those not only from mucosal immune system including gastrointestinal tract,respiratory tract and urogenital tract but also from the non-immune organs such as liver,pancreas,bone,uterine,kidney,and so on.These mucosal immunologic and "unprofessional immune" tissue/organs are characterized with their own anatomy,microenvironment,immune cell population and subsets with unique functional molecules,forming unique regional immune features which dominantly control the disease process related to each tissue/organ.At present,there are few studies to explore the relationship of "unprofessional immune" tissue/organs to disease mechanisms,to professional immune tissue/organs,to circulating immune system.The frontier research on tissue/organ-specialized immune features and their molecular and cellular mechanisms will greatly improve to deep elucidate the relation of regional immunity to major diseases and to extensively discover novel immunotherapeutic targets.So,tissue/organ-specialized immunology is leading the immunologic study and is in keep with national requirement.


Designing services to meet communities' needs requires understanding clearly what those needs are. Ideas about grassroots, community-based, decentralised or participatory development all promote active involvement of communities in developing services. More recently, 'consumer participation' has become a hot topic. Yet questions persist about the mechanics of encouraging participation, and how to ensure that it is both authentic and inclusive. This paper reflects on a case from rural Australia in which a community-based health provider has piloted a process for encouraging local participation in the ongoing development of its counselling service. The focus was on current, past, and potential users of this service ('consumers') from rural towns and properties of the region. The project developed a mechanism for consumers to provide comment and input, toward the goal of making the service as responsive as possible to community needs. This paper describes the participation process and reflects upon the outcomes and what was learned about the costs, benefits, and usefulness of implementing such a process.


The invention discloses a steel structure connecting device of a wood-stone composite bridge. The steel structure connecting device of the wood-stone composite bridge comprises a cover nut (1), a lower semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (2), a baffle plate (3), an upper semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (4), a bolt hole (5), first end plates (61) and second end plates (62). The cover nut (1) is sleeved on a bridge pier, the lower semi-semicircular arc-shaped steel plate strip (2) is welded to the center of the top portion of the cover nut (1), the upper semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (4) is arranged above the lower semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (2), the first end plates (61) are arranged on two end portions of the upper semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (4) along the radial direction far away from the center of a circle formed by the upper semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (4) and the lower semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (2), and second end plates (62) are arranged on two end portions of the lower semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (2) along the radial direction far away from the center of the circle formed by the upper semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (4) and the lower semi-circular arc-shaped steel plate strip (2). By means of the steel structure connecting device of the wood-stone composite bridge, the bridge pier built by laying stones and a longitudinal round-log beam are fixedly connected together, and the deformation requirement of the longitudinal round-log beam can be met.


Public display is a media that is increasingly being used every day. No longer just a medium for advertising. But it has also begun to be used in non-commercial institutions such as education and government. One potential use of public display is as a medium of public information to increase awareness of disasters. One of the problems faced by public displays is the relatively small level of community adoption. This can be seen when compared to mobile phones, there is no large usage level. The use of public displays still tends to be incidental, not yet a daily necessity such as a mobile phone. In this study, a chat-based interaction is designed to let the user interact with the public display using their mobile phone. The interaction is designed to allow users to post content on public display using their mobile phones. The usability measurement results show the possibility of the interest of the community about the interaction model. Hopefully, in the future, this could push the use of a public display as an information medium to improve disaster awareness.


This paper discusses Berne's original concept of ego states (as derived from Fedem [1953/1977] and Penfield [1975]) and clarifies, in particular, the authors' understanding of integrated Adult ego ...


For testing model transformations, a software engineer usually designs a test suite consisting of test cases where each test case consists of one or several models. In order to ensure a high quality of such a test suite, coverage achieved by the test cases with regard to the system under test must be systematically measured. The results obtained during coverage analysis can then be used e.g. for creating additional test cases. In addition to measuring coverage, a software engineer developing a model transformation is also confronted with how to integrate such coverage analysis results into the development process. For example, the software engineer has to decide when to measure coverage, when to investigate the results and how and when to take appropriate actions. In this paper, we present a prototypical tool which can be used for measuring coverage of test requirements for model transformations. We explain how a software engineer can make use of it in a test-driven development process for model transformations, in order to systematically develop high-quality model transformations.


Studies showes that ternary complex formed by 5-sulfo8-quinolinolates with Lu~(3+),CTMAB,exhibites the Lu~(3+)-perturbated fluorescence of the ligand.The fluorescence quantum yield is enlarged and the fluorescence intensity is increased about ten folds by the addition of CTMAB.Under the optimum conditions the fluorescence intensity of ternary complex system is a linear function of concentration of Lu~(3+) in the range of 1.0×10~(-6) -1.0×10~(-5) mol/L.The detection limit(signal-to-noise ratio =2) is 4.0×10~(-7) mol/L.The system has been used to the determination of the trace amounts of Lu~(3+) of the synthetic sample of weighty rare earth oxides with satisfactory result by a standard addition method.


Abstract Meroquinene (1), a key degradation product of quinine and an important intermediate in the preparation of the cinchona and other alkaloids,1 has only recently been synthesized 2 even though attempts were made at its preparation for over thirty years. These early attempts were frustrated primarily by the difficulty encountered in the introduction of a potential vinyl group onto a piperidine ring. Alkylation of 3-car-bethoxy-N-benzoyl-4-piperidone (2) with either phenoxyethyl chloride3 or dimethylaminoethyl chloride (3)4 resulted in exclusive formation of the O-alkylated product, even though alkylation of the presumably analogous 2-carbethoxycyclohexanone with 3 gave nearly equal amounts of C- and O- alkylated materials.4 The use of other piperidone derivatives in this reaction was precluded by the report that attempts to alkylate 3-car-bethoxy-N-alkyl-4-piperidones gave only the quaternary nitrogen product.5


Objective To evaluate the safety,effectiveness and clinical factors of re-intervention of transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS).Methods A retrospective study of safety and longterm outcomes of TIPS was made in 771 patients from August 1994 to August 2010.The 625 patients had follow-up data.The patients who received TIPS once,twice,and more than twice were divided into group 1,group 2 and group 3,respectively.Clinical symptoms,survival rate and restenosis rate of each group were analyzed.Clinical influencing factors of re-intervention effect were discussed.Results The success rate of first intervention was 98.2% (757/771),the death rate was 0.7% (5/757) and severe complication rate was 2.5% (19/757).The success rate of re-intervention was 98.7% (457/463),no death and severe complications occurred.The restenosis rate in group 3 decreased significantly than group 1 ( x2 =7.908,P <0.05 ) in the first year of TIPS.The restenosis rates in group 2 and group 3 were lower than group 1 from 2 to 5 years of TIPS ( x2 values were 27.046,25.724,37.002 and 19.046,respectively,P < 0.05 ). The survival rate in group 3 was higher than group 1 (x2 =9.114,P<0.05)and group 2 was higher than group 1 ( x2 =4.929,P < 0.05 ) in the first year of TIPS,while there was no statistical difference between group 2 and group 3 ( x2 =2.678,P > 0.05).The patients in group 2 and group 3 also had higher survival rates than group 1 from 2 to 5 years of TIPS (x2 value were 41.314,26.920,13.692 and 6.713,respectively,P < 0.05 ).19.4% (79/406)of patients who received re-intervention had symptom recurrence and shunt stenosis or occlusion. 11.6% (47/406) of patients had symptom recurrence with portal hypertension signs,62.8% (255/406) had shunt stenosis or occlusion with portal hypertension signs.Conclusions Restenosis or occlusion of TIPS,symptom recurrence and portal hypertension signs were important factors for re-intervention.Re-intervention of TIPS was safe and effective,and could improve the survival rate of patients with TIPS.

Key words:
Liver cirrhosis;  Hypertension, portal;  Portosystemic shunt, transjugular intrahepatic; Radiography,interventional


This article reviews the book "Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel," by Michio Kaku.


We studied functional interaction structures of the vertebrate membranephotoreceptor rhodopsin containing retinal as a chromophore. Using time-resolved fluorescence depolarization we analyzed real-time dynamics and conformational changes of the cytoplasmic helix 8 (H8) preceding the long C-terminal tail of rhodopsin. H8 runs parallel to the membrane surface and extends from transmembrane helix 7 whose highly conserved NPxxY(x)F motif connects that region of rhodopsin with the retinal binding pocket. Our measurements indicate that photo-induced retinal isomerization from 11- cis to all- trans provokes conformational changes of H8, including slower motion and reduced flexibility, that are specific for the active metarhodopsin-II photo-intermediate. These conformational changes are absent in the retinal-devoid state opsin and in the phosphorylated metarhodopsin-II state upon receptor deactivation. Furthermore we show that membrane rim effects can influence interfacial reactions at the cytoplasmic rhodopsin surface such as proton transfer reactions between surface and aqueous bulk phase or binding of the signalingprotein transducin visualized with single-molecule widefield microscopy. These findings are important for an understanding of the effects of membrane structure on the photo-transduction mechanism.


Background. Preauricular swelling in children may be associated with a wide range of pathology. The history, clinical presentation and imaging features of such swellings may be non-specific. Sometimes it can be caused by underlying bone lesion. Case reports. We report about two children who were admitted to the hospital with swelling in the preauricular region and an unexpected final diagnosis. We found aneurismal bone cyst and central giant cell granuloma, respectively. Conclusions. Awareness of such lesions is important to avoid diagnostic errors and a potential mismanagement. These lesions are often difficult to differentiate on the basis of their radiographic features alone. A high-resolution US enables an accurate analysis of soft tissue and helps in the differential diagnosis. It also enables an accurate location of the lesion, which helps to avoid a wrong interpretation based on the clinical finding only. The CT-scan performed afterwards provides necessary information for the assessment of location, structure and size of the lesion.


This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the heavy metal contents of agricultural products in Korea and to compare with relevant international criteria such as the Average Daily Intake(ADI) and the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake(PTWI) proposed by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Committee on additives and contaminant. Contents of heavy metal in cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits were in the range of for Cd, for Cu, for Pb, for Zn, for Ni, for Cr and mg/kg(F.W.) for As. Heavy metal contents of cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits were with natural content levels proposed by FAO/WHO and were similar to value monitored in other countries. Also, average intake of heavy metal from agricultural products was lower than the ADI and PTWI by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Committee on Additives and Contaminants. Therefore, none of the cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits evaluated showed accumulation of such heavy metal high enough to cause health problems to human.


Abstract Cryptosporidiosis is an important protozoan disease with serious public health implications. The contribution of Cryptosporidium to colorectal cancer is still vaguely studied, but little evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies has suggested a possible association. This review discusses the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and colorectal cancer and attempts to unravel the possible link between the two diseases using epidemiological, pathological, molecular, and immunological evidence. The review stressed the need to undertake more studies in this relatively neglected field.


This article describes how family sculpting, grounded in Experiential Family Counseling, can be used as a training technique in marriage and family counselor training programs.


Method: A search examined all sites providing farmer health information to identify gaps. A skills-based, consumer-focused advisory committee was established comprising farmers, (with varied levels of computer literacy) industry representatives, health professionals and IT specialists. Quarterly meetings over 3.5 years functioned to design, develop, implement and evaluate the website. A partnership was established with the BHC to increase agricultural specific content. To ensure credible and up-to-date health information, Health on the Net Foundation (HONcode) accreditation was sought. The HON Foundation is a non-government organisation ensuring adherence to a basic set of principals and certifying websites publishing reliable health information.


From a creative and cultural perspective fan activism is a form of resistance. In this paper, we seek to reflect upon the mobilization of these groups of fans towards their idols, as well as discussing how the search for privacy and closeness in the relationship between celebrities and their fans foster a number of activities that shape, (re) define and transcend the boundaries of fandom. We observe, from a theoretical reflexion about such phenomena and from the discussion of everyday life examples, how the rich universe of digital practices and its productions - fanfics, fanvids, fanzines, etc. - create sociocultural events such as the 'rolezinho', crowdfunding, fanmades in protests, offering new meanings to what we understand as resistance and problematizing the duality between the 'world of consumption and pop culture' and the 'world of citizenship'.


of an epidermal cyst in a patient with Darier's disease of Ihf skin.^ However, we could not find any other report of multiplt: epidermoid cysLs in Darier's disease. It is not clear how the epidermoid cysts formed in this case. There were two types of cysts. One type may have originated from the hair follicle, as there was an obvious connection with the surface by a duct, and a sebaceous gland in the wall. As suggested by Mittag. the cyst might be formed by the hair follicle occlusion.^ The other type of cyst had no signs of follicuiar origin. The invagination of epidennal cells and a downward proliferation of basal cells with narrow cords mighi be the cause of this type of cyst. '~' We consider that cystic lesions with hislological features o:' Darier's disease may be more commonly found if acne-like eruptions or epidermoid cysts in Darier's disease are investigated more carefully.