TEXAS REVIEW OF LAW & POLITICS, 2011 ANNUAL BANQUET AUSTIN, TEXAS It is great to be here with so many friends on a sad and exciting occasion. We are here both to mourn and celebrate a friend to everyone in this room. We are here to present an award that is truly fitting and truly owed to Greg Coleman. You know if you look in your program brochures at the prior recipients of the Jurist of the Year, it is a remarkable collection of men and women who have made a difference to this Nation, of men and women who have stood for principle, have defended the Constitution, and have transformed the State of Texas and our Nation. I'll begin with a short story that concerns two of the prior recipients, and this goes back to the mid 1980s. In the mid 1980s the two most prominent, respected, conservative judges on the D. C. circuit were Robert Bork and Antonin Scalia. Everybody knew at the time that when President Reagan had a U.S. Supreme Court nominee, it was likely to be either Bork or Scalia, and nobody knew who would get the first nod. One day, Judge Scalia was walking through the parking garage and he was stopped at the elevator by two U.S. Marshalls who said, "I am sorry Sir, we are holding this elevator for the Attorney General of the United States." Well, when Judge Scalia heard that, he pushed passed the U.S. Marshalls, he stepped into the elevator, he jammed the button and as the door was closing he said, 'You tell Ed Meese that Bob Bork doesn't wait for anyone!" And in 1986, President Reagan nominated Antonin Scalia to the U.S. Supreme Court .... We are here today recognizing someone like Justice Scalia, someone like Judge Bork, someone like Ed Meese, who devoted his life to standing for principles beyond the everyday, who devoted his life to standing and fighting to make a difference. Every one of us in this room could stand up and tell stories about Greg Coleman. He touched lives profoundly. Don Willett, Patrick O'Daniel, and Greg and I had a lunch club, where we would go out to lunch, about once a month. For years the four of us would go out to lunch. It was actually a great deal for Don and me because we were public employees, so we would stick either Greg or Patrick with a lunch tab on a regular basis - which was a very good arrangement. When I left the Attorney General's office and moved down to Houston, Greg, Patrick, and Don promptly replaced me with Jim Ho. So they traded up in a big, big way and they got yet another lunch companion who would never pick up the lunch tab. What I would like to talk about are the three characteristics of Greg that I think are particularly extraordinary. You could talk for hours about characteristics of Greg that are extraordinary. We have a number of law students here today who have not started their career, we have a number of people who are at the middle of their career, or at later stages in their career. I would suggest that all three of these characteristics are models for how every one of us might live our lives. The first characteristic was excellence. And Greg Coleman believed profoundly in excellence. He began his legal career after coming out of The University of Texas Law School clerking for Chief Judge Jones and then clerking for Justice Clarence Thomas. After a time in private practice, Greg became the very first Solicitor General of Texas. Now, Greg was on the cutting edge of a transformation that was occurring all across this country. State Attorneys General were creating Solicitor General offices, which had not previously existed. And being the first Solicitor General of Texas was not an easy task. The Attorney General's office has roughly over 4,000 employees and has over 900 lawyers. It is the largest law firm in the State of Texas. There are more than a few lawyers in the Attorney General's office who I think would qualify as old bulls. They are trial lawyers who have been trying cases for 40 years who would ask, "What is some pipsqueak, snot-nosed Supreme Court smarty-pants appellant lawyer know about my case? …


Granulomatous pneumonitis was induced intravenously by an injection of BCG, and changes in the population of cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were examined. Increased lymphocytes in BAL fluid, especially Lyt-1 positive T-lymphocytes, were observed after the development of granulomatous pneumonitis. Cyclosporin A (Cy A) administered for 5 days before and for 5 days after BCG injection clearly suppressed development of the granuloma. The BAL cell count and cell population became almost the same as those in naive animals. The increase in the number of Lyt-1 positive T cells was abrogated by Cy A treatment. These results suggested the important role of Lyt-1 positive T cells in the development of granulomas and the possible beneficial effect of Cy A in human granulomatous lung diseases.


One of the preferred explanations of the current crisis is the sophistication and the weak transparency of financial markets which would have allowed speculative behaviors to elude authorities, supervision. This article develops a different view by putting the emphasis on the model of organization of financial systems which is established, since the 1980-90s, on the predominance of micro-prudential supervision schemes following the hypothesis of free market efficiency. We show that this orientation suffers from the fallacy of composition ; the microprudential model turns out unsuitable for the management of systemic risks because of the absence of an automatic bridge between the micro and the macroeconomic levels. The new regulatory environment feeds successive bubbles the recurrent crises of which seem to require a modification of the rules of organization to avoid the forced socialization of the losses of private actors.


The ionization constants of some hydroxypyrones have been measured spectrophotometrically at 25 °C in water and in 80%(w/w) dimethyl sulphoxide–water. A few of them are exceptionally strongly acidic. The pKa values of these compounds are discussed in relation to their molecular structures. A plot of the pKa in water against the corresponding pKa in 80%(w/w) dimethyl sulphoxide–water is linear, although ΔpKa varies from negative values for the weaker acids to positive values for the stronger acids. Possible solvent effects have been suggested.


In July 1999 and May 2000, the author investigated, collected, classified and determined the vertical distribution of butterflies in the Dabashan Mountain Nature Reserve, Chongqing. The results show:there are 138 species in this Reserve, belonging to 10 families and 80 genera. Among the four vertical zones, the index of species number, number of individuals, species diversity index and evenness index are higher in the evergreen broadleafed forest belt than in other forest types. Species of butterflies are notably different in different vertical zones.


In this paper, a decision support system is proposed to assist an analyst in updating the highway roadside asset inventory. The feasibility of the system is tested with assets along an 8 km section of the A27 highway on the south coast of England, UK. Survey data from a vehicle equipped with a single forward-facing camera and a GPS-enabled inertial measurement unit, aerial imagery of the highway, and the asset inventory are fused to develop the system. The camera on the vehicle is calibrated so that assets may be automatically located within the survey images. The assets are then classified by a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network. Therefore, those assets recorded correctly in the inventory and those needing further manual inspection are automatically identified. Three different asset types are considered (traffic signs, matrix signs, and reference marker posts), and overall 91% of the assets in a withheld test set are verified automatically. Thus the analyst is presented with a much smaller set of assets for which the inventory is incorrect and which require further inspection. We therefore demonstrate the value in fusing multiple data sources to develop decision support systems for transportation asset monitoring.


Abstract: In Libya, there are a various barrier to developing e-commerce, and the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of overcoming these hurdles in the shortest possible timeframe. This paper stems from a review of the studies which have focussed on the obstacles which preclude Libya reaping the benefits of e-commerce, at a time when many businesses are moving online, as a result of the lockdown introduced in response to COVID-19. This study has discussed and inspected the problems facing Libyan e-commerce. As a result of these problems, e-commerce has not taken hold in Libya or brought the country its considerable economic advantages. This paper suggests a range of recommendations which will contribute to adopt e-commerce in Libya and advance its popularity, among individuals, organisations and the government institutions, so that Libyan society can begin, and continue, to benefit from e-commerce.


From these animal seals, a peculiar creation of the Indus civilization, a good deal of information concerning transcultural influence with the Near East can be obtained, First, we can see that among the animals domesticated by the Indus folk were the humped bulls, the horse, the dog, sheep, the buffalo, and the elephant, Shown here are two very excellent bull motifs, In comparison to Mesopotamian adaptations of the seals into cylindrical forms, the motifs of cats and camels do not appear in the Indus Valley, Wild beasts, such as tigers and rhinoceroses, do appear, but only the tiger, lion or leopard are used in Mesopotamia, Accompanying these legends are inscriptions in the Indus script, evidently known both north and south along the Valley, for it appeared at Mohenjo-daro as well, It is as yet unreadable, however, The idea of making a seal with a legend and inscriptions is adapted by both Egypt and Mesopotamia, evidence of the latter's import of Indus seals have been found at Kish,


On the basis of Man's three major relations and harmonies, by analogy, this paper puts forward three harmonies in architecture — harmony between architecture and nature, between architecture and human, and between architecture and itself. By explaining the main content of three harmonies in architecture, the paper introduces the system constitution of the harmonious architecture and devises the concept and target of the harmonious architecture.


In this paper, we present an approach to building cloud bursting architecture based on the peer-to-peer infrastructure for managing services. Proposed approach is designed to address various issues of interconnecting several clouds, problems of resource provisioning, service deployment and provisioning in the hybrid cloud. To ensure robustness of our system we use peer-to-peer overlay, which was proposed by us in previous papers. Scalability of the approach is attained due to flexibility of service discovery mechanism, decentralized architecture and modular approach, which allows to leverage existing components. We argue that our approach present viable solution for managing abrupt peaks in the load and keeping service provider's QoS and SLA requirements on the desired level.


Throughout the vast area inhabited by Tibetan populations, the practice of Tibetan medicine is widely distributed. Although based on the same fundamental texts, Tibetan medicine is not always practised in the same way in every region. In fact, the medical knowledge is also passed down orally from generation to generation, favouring the development of different local traditions. In the summer of 1996, the authors carried out an ethnobotanical survey in the region of Ladakh (Jammu & Kashmir, India), which belongs geographically to the Tibetan plateau and culturally is mainly Tibetan. The aim of the research was to contribute to the identification of medicinal plants used by Ladakhi practitioners, to document the variability of the Tibetan materia medica through the comparison of the specimens gathered in Ladakh with the ones collected in other Tibetan regions, and to assess plants identification criteria. In Tibetan medicine, the identification criteria of medicinal plants are based on features such as morphology, taste, scent, and natural setting of the plant. Fixed characteristics define each element of the materia medica. Therefore, two specimens from different regions can be identified with the same vernacular name because their defining characteristics are equivalent. However, the botanical identification of the specimens gathered in different regions showed that the same vernacular name might designate two or more species belonging to the same genus, species belonging to different genus of the same family, and, more rarely, the same species or species belonging to distant taxa. The reason of those variations is the great extension of the Tibetan cultural area, which implies climatic, vegetation and environmental differences, the remoteness of certain areas, and the development of local traditions. Another factor, which may contribute to identification variability, is the imprecision of some identification parameters utilised by the informants such as the morphological ones. Few studies have been carried out until now concerning pharmacological and chemical properties of the plants gathered.


The aim of this paper is to develop an analytic representation of Chinese labor productivity as a function of various classic and newly considered parameters. Its econometrics-based approach uses an elaborated version of the Cobb-Douglas production function, and includes both classic parameters (capital, labor ratio, average firm size, time) and new ones (proportion of output produced by enterprises of various types of ownership, geographic location)characteristic of the Chinese transition process. The application of regression analysis to data collected from the Chinese Statistical Bureau for a period of ten years (1997-2007) resulted in five representative models of the Chinese economy; one for the entire country, and one for each of its four encompassing regions.


HIV infection natural history is extremely changed, today. When we observed HIV virus infection for the first time in 80's, this was a dramatic diagnosis and people were frightened by patients affected. This behaviour explained the great diffusion of HIV infection in the past time and the usefulness of prevention strategy. Instead of, in the last two decades, global prevention strategies explained how the infection could be transmitted and they reduced the HIV seropositive patient's stigma. In 90's, the HIV infection turned from a lethal pathology into a chronic infection. In that period infact, we learn how mixed together some old and new drugs, that combined became HAART, the first strongly active HIV therapy. Nowadays, the HIV infection is considered as a chronic one. In 2014, there were 35.000.000 patients living with HIV infection in the world. More than 40.000.000 persons died in the world during this epidemic disease. In the past, the virus transmission was especially related to parenteral transmission, intravenous drug use and homosexual behaviours. Today, the most important way of transmission is the sexual one. The reduction of viral transmission in intravenous drug users population is obviously related to a great prevention work by specialized services, who take care of that kind of patients (Servizio per le Dipendenze Patologiche: Ser.D). In the last two decades, we observed a reduction of the new HIV seroconversions and of the AIDS related deaths. The HAART therapy is now available also in the poorest parts of the world, like Africa, for example. WHO encourages all the Countries to defeat HIV infection at least in 2030, but this project seems to be an utopic one.


As the number of children diagnosed as learning disabled (LD) doubles and triples in many areas of our country, bringing with it the heat of parental, teacher, specialist, administrator, and student frustration, confusion, and more than occasional adversarial relationships, it is comforting to hear the cool, reasoned, thoroughly documented voice of Gerald Coles. Just as no one has equaled or substantively refuted his unprecedented dissection of the LD test battery (Coles, 1978), it is doubtful that many could match his in-depth analysis of LD theory, research, history, and practice as presented in The Learning Mystique (Coles, 1987). Coles not only examines the problematic solutions to what he describes as an incorrectly defined problem, but he wisely points us toward a broader view of both the problem and the solution: a view that is congruent with an ecological approach toward change in the present system of both special and regular education. In the present reaction to Coles's book, I will comment on the central issues that I believe make the book a cornerstone for what should become a new way of looking at both LD and learning in general. I will conclude with several additional issues that need to be addressed to provide a base for a much-needed transformation of the American education system to better meet the needs of all students in our culturally diverse democracy. The first set of issues includes (a) who is labeled, (b) why they are labeled, (c) how they are helped, and (d) how the solutions have become the problem. The issues for change are (a) what real learning is, (b) how we can best use our present resources to transform the system, and (c) what a collaborative, ecological approach can contribute to the change process.


human factor, this reviewer would like to refer to a Japanese word being used for sudden death due to over work Karoushi. The term itself suggests concern for human factor in management and the challenges being faced by the Jingi-bu (Human Resource Department). In Chapter 11, the author has reflected upon "Global Human Growth The Vision and Future". Compelling, readable, and absent of jargon, this book gets tO the core of any organisation's asset, i.e., human factor. For new and seasoned managers alike, the book under review gives food for thought to be a successful manager, and a thoughtful and responsible human being. Many writers have hit upon some of these points/issues but none has explored them as thoroughly as Prof. Rudrabasavaraj, who succeeds in giving an impressively detailed knowledge of contemporary business practices and importance of human factor, has done. The author has provided relatively full bibliographical notes which are designed to serve the twin purposes of acknowledging the sources and suggesting further reading. In sum, globalisation means growing interdepegdence of national economies. Boundaries between domestic and international markets are becoming less relevant with increase in business profiles abroad. Piloting organisations through change demands an understanding of global trends, business principles, and self-awareness. Leaders have to keep their eyes on the horizon and on the bottom line. But leaders alone can't build success. Creating and implementing changes demands all of us to redefine ourselves as leaders, and also accept others as leaders. Shared leadership will enable organisations to preserve their core ideologies and at the same time stimulate progress.


The recent detection of a 3 hr X-ray flare by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory has raised the possibility of enhanced emission over a broad range of wavelengths from Sagittarius A*, the suspected 2.6 × 106 M☉ black hole at the Galactic center, during a flaring event. We have, therefore, reconstructed 3 hr data sets from 2 μm speckle and adaptive optics images (θcore = 50-100 mas) obtained with the W. M. Keck 10 m telescopes between 1995 and 2001. In 25 separate observations, no evidence of any significant excess emission associated with Sgr A* was detected. The lowest of our detection limits gives an observed limit for the quiescent state of Sgr A* of 0.09 ± 0.005 mJy or, equivalently, a dereddened value of 2.0 ± 0.1 mJy, which is a factor of 2 lower than the best previously published quiescent value. Under the assumption that there are random 3 hr flares producing both enhanced X-ray and near-infrared emission, our highest limit constrains the variable state of Sgr A* to ≲0.8 mJy (observed) or 19 mJy (dereddened). These results suggest that the model favored by Markoff et al., in which the flare is produced through local heating of relativistic particles surrounding Sgr A* (e.g., a sudden magnetic reconnection event), is unlikely because it predicts peak 2 μm emission of ~300 mJy, well above our detection limit.


PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. It is one of the agencies that implements the People's Business Credit (KUR) program in providing loans to parties Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) who want to open a business. Accounting treatment in the People's Business Credit (KUR) program is very important for creditors and prospective debtors because with Accounting both parties can plan business financial properly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the accounting treatment of people's business credit at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. Manado area. Based on the results of the Accounting research applied by Bank Mandiri to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) who want to open a business. Accounting treatment in the People's Business Credit (UMKM)is income statement. The Income statement is one of the conditions for prospective debtors so that credit disbursement can be disbursed because the income statement contains information about the income, expenses and net income received by the company in a period of one month. So that the results of the profits obtained by Bank Mandiri can see how much credit limit the company can give to prospective debtors. Bank Mandiri applies DSR as one of the conditions for calculating the approved limit. DSR is a ratio that calculates how much income is obtained by prospective debtors to pay the total debt.Keywords : Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR), Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), income statement, debt to service ratio (DSR)


In order to provide a means of understanding, the relationship between the primary electromechanical coefficients and simple crystal chemistry parameters for piezoelectric materials, a static analysis of a 3 atom, dipolar molecule has been undertaken to derive relationships for elastic compliance sE, dielectric permittivityeX, and piezoelectric charge coefficient d in terms of an effective ionic charge and two inter-atomic force constants. The relationships demonstrate the mutual interdependence of the three coefficients, in keeping with experimental evidence from a large dataset of commercial piezoelectric materials. It is shown that the electromechanical coupling coefficient k is purely an expression of the asymmetry in the two force constants or bond compliances. The treatment is extended to show that the quadratic electrostriction relation between strain and polarization, in both centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric systems, is due to the presence of a non-zero 2nd order term in the bond compliance. Comparison with experimental data explains the counter-intuitive, positive correlation of k with sE and eX and supports the proposition that high piezoelectric activity in single crystals is dominated by large compliance coupled with asymmetry in the sub-cell force constants. However, the analysis also shows that in polycrystalline materials, the dielectric anisotropy of the constituent crystals can be more important for attaining large charge coefficients. The model provides a completely new methodology for the interpretation of piezoelectric and electrostrictive property data and suggests methods for rapid screening for high activity in candidate piezoelectric materials, both experimentally and by novel interrogation of ab initio calculations.


Abstract Peanuts become contaminated with aflatoxins when subjected to prolonged periods of heat and drought stress. The effect of drought tolerance on aflatoxin contamination is not known. The objectives of this research were to evaluate preharvest aflatoxin contamination in peanut genotypes known to have drought tolerance and to determine the correlation of drought tolerance characteristics with aflatoxin contamination. Twenty genotypes with different levels of drought tolerance were grown in Yuma, AZ (a desert environment) and under rain-protected shelters in Tifton, GA. Two drought-tolerant genotypes (PI 145681 and Tifton 8) and an intolerant genotype (PI 196754) were selected for further examination in a second experiment with two planting dates in 1997 at Tifton. Drought and heat stress conditions were imposed for the 40 d preceding harvest. The drought-intolerant genotype had greater preharvest aflatoxin contamination than Florunner (the check cultivar) in the tests conducted in 1997. Both drought-...


The invention provides a novel organic hyposulfuric acid modified layered double hydroxide as a functional inorganic-organic composite material for rubber industry. The organic hyposulfuric acid modified layered double hydroxide is prepared by the following steps of: with CO2 removal ionized water as a solvent, adopting a coprecipitation method without the protection of N2, compositing an organic thiosulfate anion modified layered double hydroxide by one step, and carrying out fourier infrared spectral analysis to obtain a single anion intercalation modified layered double hydroxide. The layered double hydroxide modified by organic hyposulfuric acid has the reinforcing ability and the heat stability of a layered main body and also has the anti-reversion capability of an intercalation object; by adding the organic hyposulfuric acid modified layered double hydroxide into a rubber formula, the total quantity of an inorganic filler can be lowered, the same or even better mechanical property can also be kept, the heat stability of vulcanized rubber and anti-reversion behavior are further improved, the operation performance of products such as tyres is improved, the service life of the products is prolonged, and the organic hyposulfuric acid modified layered double hydroxide has a wide application prospect.


The power quality in the distribution system is first and foremost task which needs to be maintained for the efficient and reliable functioning of various devices and equipments in Power System. To work out on this, a feedback mechanism to control and mitigate the harmonics present in the currents, has been used. The proposed system utilizes current controlled method in this work, which significantly reduces the harmonics present in the different currents like DG current, grid current and fundamental currents. Here the implementation of Distributed Generation (DG) unit in closed loop having grid and the load has been done.


The authors explore the critical issues remaining for the introduction of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) in semiconductor manufacturing. Among all technical issues, source power appears to be the most significant challenge that the technology is facing at this time. The lack of sufficiently high-power sources integrated in the first generation of full-field commercial scanners has profound implications on the remaining issues, and therefore on the risk associated with the insertion of EUVL technology. At the core of the problem is the cost of ownership of EUVL, which depends most heavily on source power. Moreover, the lifetime of the scanner mirrors and of the masks can only be tested properly with high-power sources on these first scanners. Without the ability to perform these tests, the technology might suffer unrecoverable delays. Fortunately, there has been good progress in the development of laser-produced plasma sources, which appear to be the most capable candidates for high-power scalabili...


The presentation shows the preliminary results of longitudinal research and further develops the work of Řihacek, Danelova and Cermak (2012). The main focus is on the exploration of process and content aspects of Personal Therapeutic Approach development in beginning therapists-trainees of an integrative psychotherapy training. Repeated semi-structured interviews with four participants of the training were conducted. Interviews were based mostly on particular ways of work with clients and the therapist's own reflections. The data offers an opportunity to explore and provide a more complex understanding of Personal Therapeuthic Approach development. First grounded theory analysis results (work in progress) will be presented with regard to existing literature in the field, and suggestions for further research in this area will be proposed.


The title "supreme emperor" concurred with the emperor. In history the succession was complicated. The supreme emperor as overlord didn't offer his power to his son before death in the Qin dynasty,but in pre-Qin days similar historical memory and in the Han dynasty emperor having to give up his power to other clans of different surnames were hidden in the sub-consciousness of emperors in his last days. In addition,the uprisings from peasants of lower status were not against the imperial power. The so-called "evil thief" or self-called "supreme emperor" is worth researching by scholars in the histories of politics,culture and thoughts.


The changc in tho hydrQgcn absQrbing rcaction fbr vadous hydrogcn absorbing田loys at diffじrcnt charging dopths has been investigated using the AC impedance method.The obtained Nyquist plots for LaNi5showed two semicircles, The small semicircle in the high frequency rcgion slightly changed with increaslng charging depth.However,the large semicirclc in the low ffequency region decreased at the depth ofaround60%,Thc Nyquistplots were analyzed using the equivalent circuits that are based on the electrochemical reaction mode1,and then the components ofthe circuits were studicd.According to the curve fitting results,it was found that tho hydrogen absorbing reaction of LaNi5changcs atadopth ofaround60%tothocompetitionreaction ofhydrogenabsorbing andhydrogen gas fo㎜ation. Thc impedancc ofLaNi4,7A1α3anαLaNi魔7CQα3worc証somcasured.BasedGn acomparisonofthose parameters,itwas found that the hydrogen absorbing reaction was strongly affected by the Ni cluster and the diffusion of hydrogen atoms f郵om the sulface to the inside oftho alloy、


The average salary level of financial enterprises is high, and the large internal gap seriously affects the salary satisfaction of grassroots employees. Grassroots employees are representatives of product sales and services of financial enterprises, and their work efficiency and service attitude directly affect the performance and image of enterprises. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the salary satisfaction of grassroots employees in financial enterprises through empirical methods. This paper explores the underlying reasons and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for improving the salary satisfaction of grassroots employees in financial enterprises. Keywords—financial enterprises; grassroots employees; salary satisfaction


This paper deals with a double stage standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system. Using speed vector controlled Induction Motor Drive (IMD), motor speed estimated through stator flux. The system consists of a PV array, high-gain DC-DC converter, Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and a motor-pump assembly. To extract maximum power from a solar PV system, a modified Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is utilized. Field Oriented Control of an IMD (FOC-IMD) is applied to attain the soft starting of the motor. The system setup is prepared and simulated in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. The modeling, control technique of the system is implemented. A prototype of the experimental model is advanced in the lab. The results achieved illustrate the system suitability for PV water pumping application.


Capsaicin, the active ingredient of chilli has been shown to increases metabolic rate . Furthermore, it has been shown that capsaicin also improves satiety and decreases energy and fat intake . Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) are a specific type of dietary triglycerides that are 6 to 12 carbon atoms in length (3) mainly found in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. MCT increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation as well as promote satiety. Combinations of thermogenic ingredients have previously been investigated such as mustard and chilli and capsaicin and green tea with positive effects. The effect of combined intake of capsaicin and MCT on energy expenditure and satiety warrants further investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chilli and MCT on energy expenditure and satiety in healthy volunteers. Seven healthy volunteers (6f 1 m; 25.7 (SD 3.6) yr; 1.69 (SD 0.09) m; 62.5 (SD 7.5) kg) were tested on four occasions following an overnight fast. Volunteers were fed a breakfast consisting of an omelette, bacon, sausages, toast and orange juice. The omelette contained either chilli & MCT oil, chilli and sunflower oil, bell pepper and sunflower oil or bell pepper and MCT oil. Thirty grams of hot chilli spice blend (Gourmet garden, Northampton, UK) and 20 g of MCT oil (Trek Nutrition, London, UK) or the equivalent energy amounts of bell pepper and sunflower oil were used in the omelette. Satiety and gastrointestinal comfort were measured using questionnaires and VAS. Baseline and postprandial energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry and satiety was measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) for 5.5 h following consumption of the breakfast. Analysis was completed using repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05, data is expressed as mean (SD). There were significant differences in energy expenditure between the different breakfast meals (P<0.001). The predominant differences existed between the chilli-MCT and chilli-sunflower oil (P = 0.011), between chilli-MCT and pepper-sunflower oil (P = 0.006) and between pepper-sunflower oil and pepper-MCT (P = 0.005). Chilli-MCT had the highest energy expenditure and pepper-sunflower oil had the lowest. There were no differences in any of the VAS satiety parameters or gastrointestinal comfort ratings.


In single ventricle patients, aortopulmonary collaterals (APCs) and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) following superior cavopulmonary shunt (CPS) can complicate orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) by cyanosis and hemoptysis. Although PAVMs can regress with the restoration of hepatic venous flow to the pulmonary circulation, the effects of hypoxemia on the "unconditioned" allograft are not known.


[Abstract] Positive bodily experience induced by Dohsa-method relaxation could enhance positive affective/cognitive attitudes toward oneself, others, and the external world. These attitudes might contribute to the change of depressive states. Thirty-six undergraduates participated in this study. They were assigned to either Experimental group receiving positive bodily experience or Control group without undergoing any treatment. Tokeau-taiken ("Touch with the Melting Experience"), one of the relaxation techniques of Dohsamethod, was administered to the shoulders, the head, the neck, the back, and the arches of the feet. About two weeks before receiving Tokeau-taiken, the Experimental group underwent Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and YG Personality Inventory (YG) as a pre-test, and immediately after Tokeau-taiken they answered these tests again as a post-test. During the same interval, the Control group was administered these tests twice. The preliminary studies revealed three clusters for SDS (Cluster 1: "fatigue, anxiety and irritability;" Cluster 2: "dissatisfaction about oneself and despair about one's own future;" Cluster 3: "unwell mind-body condition"), and three factors for Depression subscale in YG (YG-D)(Factor 1: "decline in mental and physical energy;" Factor 2: "decline in self-esteem;" Factor 3: "melancholy and anxiety" ). Main results were as follows. Comparisons of pre-post ratios of SDS cluster scores between the Experimental and the Control groups revealed statistically significant differences for "fatigue, anxiety and irritability" and "unwell mind-body condition." Comparisons of pre-post ratios of YG-D between the Experimental and the Control groups showed significant differences for "decline in mental and physical energy" and "decline in self-esteem." These results suggest that the positive bodily experience may enhance positive state in mind and body, then alleviate depressive states.


Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian masses with conventional grey scale ultrasonography and colour Doppler flow imaging and to assess the diagnostic reliability of these methods in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian masses. We assessed 56 patients with an ovarian mass. Morphological characterisation of the mass was performed utilising the Sassone score. Colour Doppler parameters were recorded for each patient, and the Caruso vascular score was also applied. The results were compared with surgical/pathological and/or follow-up scans. Using the Sassone score, overall reliability in differentiating ovarian masses had a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 78.4%. Using the Caruso score alone, we found a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 86.5%. Using the Sassone and Caruso scores together, we found a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 89.1%. Combining both morphological and colour Doppler scores in the evaluation of ovarian masses obtained higher specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy than was obtained using a single score only.


This paper discusses experimental work with a wavelet edge detection technique for still images. A brief overview of wavelets and other methods for edge detection is given along with images comparing the results. Several different image classes are examined and processed. Two test images are discussed in order to determine the properties of the system. An experimental image is used to obtain insight into the practical application of the technique. Advantages of the wavelet transform method include multiscale resolution, improved noise handling, and edge direction information.


A general discussion is given of the factors affecting reciprocating pump hydraulics and methods of reducing the magnitude of the hydraulic pressure disturbances on the pump and the system. Pump type, speed, design, pump valves, suction conditions, and fluid being pumped affect volumetric efficiency and magnitude of hydraulic pressure disturbances. Total Cylinder Pressure (TCP) as a method of specifying minimum suction operating pressure versus Net Positive Suction Head required (NPSHR) is discussed. Diagnostic method of analyzing reciprocating pump performance is presented along with methods of controlling the hydraulic pressure disturbances with pulsation control devices. A review of types of pump pulsation dampeners is presented.


In the case of Bi‐2212/Ag composite tapes, the partial‐melting technique is useful to obtain a highly textured microstructure. The liquid phase plays an important role during this process. In this letter, we studied the phase transition of oxide phases in the Bi‐2212/Ag composite tapes during partial melting and solidification by using the high‐temperature x‐ray diffraction technique. In the partially molten state, the liquid phase coexists with various kinds of (Ca,Sr)‐Cu oxides whose Cu content decreases with increasing temperature. The Bi‐2212 phase forms directly from the coexistent state of the liquid phase and the (Ca,Sr)2CuO3 compound. c‐axis alignment of Bi‐2212 phase starts subsequently to the beginning of precipitation. Bi‐2212 phase decomposes and the Bi‐2201 phase appears below 800 °C. At lower temperature, the Bi‐2201 phase is more stable than Bi‐2212 phase and can easily form in the super‐cooled liquid phase.


One of the research programs of the Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) concerns the built environment. Several facilities to conduct the research activities are at ECN's disposal. One of these facilities, are five research dwellings located on the site of ECN (Petten, Netherlands). Measured data from these facilities together with weather data and computer models of the buildings are used to evaluate performance of innovative energy concepts and components in these systems. The facilities are used for a broad range of research activities as well as product development. This paper explains more about the test facilities and the methods that are used to evaluate performance. INTRODUCTION Evaluation of the performance of an energy system or the building envelope can be done using different methods. Simulation with the help of computers has the advantage that one can assess the performance over, for example, a year in a matter of minutes, depending on the speed of your computer. Disadvantage of this method is that the quality of the results depends on the quality of the model and the input. Measurements provide more reliable and practical results concerning energetic performance but are more time-consuming and complicated to execute under controlled and realistic circumstances. The necessity of a large amount of measurement equipment, varying weather and uncertainty in inhabitants' behaviour, are the main complicating factors for successfully executing such measurements. To combine the advantages of simulation and measurements, ECN has built unique test facilities and developed a data-analysis method. Measured data from the test facilities and a weather station located near the test facility, combined with the data-analysis method, provide the possibility to produce in relatively short period reliable and practical results on expected long-term performance. Method The test facilities consist of four full-scale single family dwellings and one rotating facility with four rooms. The four single family dwellings have different bodies but are identical inside (floor area, glass area etc.). The size of the dwellings represents the Dutch average for new dwellings. The bodies differ from full concrete, semi concrete to timber frame. Also different glazing and ventilation systems are applied: triple glazing systems with krypton gas filling to standard double glazing as well as balanced ventilation with heat recovery and natural ventilation are applied. Two dwellings are supplied with automated sun shading systems. Insulation value of the opaque facade and roof is 5 [m2 · K/watt]. The rotating facility is placed in a watertight concrete 'basin'. Filling the basin with water will make the facility, which is built on EPS, float. This allows the facility to be rotated to any orientation. Four facades in the facility can easily be changed, allowing measurements with different facades on any desired orientation. Electricity use of inhabitants, domestic hot water use as well as their influence on humidity, carbon dioxide levels and temperature preferences in a dwelling, are simulated. A control system regulates electrical heaters to simulate heat of the metabolism of people and their electricity use for household appliances. Water vapour and carbon dioxide are injected to simulate evaporation and breathing. Figure 1: Above the four single-family dwellings Both test facilities are equipped with an extensive data acquisition system, logging each 10 minutes more than a 100 sensors. Shorter logging intervals (up to 1 second) are also possible. These systems allow registering energy flows such as passive (windows) and active (collector) solar radiation, electricity use but also temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide levels. The data acquisition also allows to measure on component level such as: electricity use of certain pumps or controls, heat supplied by heating systems, temperature and humidity (comfort aspects) etc. Unfortunately it is not possible to directly measure outgoing energy flows (heat) such as ventilation, infiltration and transmission losses. How these energy losses are determined will be discussed in following paragraph. Simulation and model verification. A computer model helps to determine the energy losses caused by infiltration, transmission and ventilation. The building parameters such as insulation values, window specifications, facade areas, ventilation flow, air tightness etc. are the input for these models as well as the measured data concerning weather, and incoming energy flows. With these inputs, the model is able to calculate heat losses, the solar gains and temperatures inside the dwelling. Comparing the calculated with the measured temperature inside the dwelling verifies the accuracy of the model. Data Analysis When the heat losses are determined, an overview of all incoming and outgoing energy flows, that is the energy balance, can be made.


There is a greater difference between Educational Resource Base in China and abroad.There are many problems in scale,structure,source of funds,effciency,data sharing and standardization of Educational resource Base in China.Through transition of Educational Resource Base,we can perceive the development trend of Educational Resource Base which includes self-extension edcucational resource bank and user-centered resource service system.


This article explores temporal influences on compressive social tagging generation for archival moving image materials through a quasi-experimental study. Forty participants tagged the same video segmented into differing lengths. Analysis of the resulting data found the average number of user-generated tags is influenced by the length of the video within moving image collections. Specifically, the average tagging rate for a short video was higher than its lengthier counterpart.


The electroreductive intramolecular coupling of phthalimides with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane and triethylamine led to five-, six-, and seven-membered cyclized products (58-84%). The electroreductive cyclization was applied to the total synthesis of lennoxamine.


Abstract Filling mechanism on a common filler for milk products in paperboard cartons has a disc made of an alloy containing copper. Results of the analysis of milk, skim milk, half and half, and cultured skim milk indicated that a statistically significant increase in copper did not occur during packaging of these products. The increase in copper content per 100g of orange juice when the disc was submerged for 1, 10, and 60min averaged 1.43,4.22, and 7.75μg.


Cultural differences are the key-factor which influence cross-cultural marketing. During cross-cultural marketing, we should analyze the cultural difference scientifically. At the same time, we should enhance our cross-cultural comprehension on the basis of comprehend mainland culture properly, establish right attitude to different culture, avoid being influenced by self-reference criterion, strengthen cross-cultural communicate .


The predictive encoding is one of the basic techniques realizing image lossless compression. In this paper, the lossless compression technology of image is analysed and several important problems about the compression algorithms are discussed in detail. At last, an overview of the development of research on predictive model for image is also given.


More than 250,000 boys and girls have been adopted from other countries by American parents since 1989 (Immigrant Visas Issued, 2006). Most of these children have experienced prenatal risk factors (low birth weight, prematurity, lack of medical care and/or exposure to drugs, alcohol, tobacco), as well as risk factors associated with institutional care (growth and developmental delays, medical problems and/or lack of individualized attention) (Gunnar, Bruce, & Grotevant, 2000; Jenista, 2000; Johnson, 2002; Miller, 2005a). As a consequence, internationally adopted children frequently experience a complex array of developmental, medical, and behavioral issues (Hjern, Lindblad, & Vinnerljung, 2002; Miller, 2005b; Rutter et al., 1999; Tizard, Cooperman, Joseph, & Tizard, 1972; Tizard & Hodges, 1978; Tizard & Joseph, 1970; Verhulst, Althaus, & Versluis-den Bieman, 1990a, 1990b, 1992; Verhulst, Versluis-den Bieman, van der Ende, Berden, & Sanders-Woudstra, 1990; Versluis-den Bieman & Verhulst, 1995). Nevertheless, most of them exhibit remarkable catch-up growth and development within months after arriving home. Parents who adopt internationally are generally recognized as an extremely devoted and committed group, who literally "go to the ends of the earth" to form their families. As with other types of adoptions, prospective parents frequently wait for months or even years to complete their international adoptions. Procedural delays and setbacks are common in international adoptions, due in part to the complex requirements of U.S. and foreign government bureaucracies. Throughout the process, significantly, there are multiple opportunities for agencies to appraise and educate the prospective parents. Parents who adopt in any way, for instance, must undergo a "home study" by a licensed adoption agency to meet legal requirements. Home studies are conducted by trained social workers, in part to obtain comprehensive information about the personal lives, child-rearing beliefs, and psychological preparedness of prospective adoptive parents. Because international adoption is a long and intensive process, agencies often have the opportunity to assess prospective parents under diverse and stressful conditions. Thus, it has been shocking and horrific to realize that, since 1996, there have been 18 fatalities (in 17 families) of internationally adopted children because of suspected or proven cases of abuse and/or neglect by their adoptive parents. Adoption officials and child welfare professionals in the United States and the children's countries of origin are understandably concerned, in some cases alarmed (Correspondent, 2005; Child Abuse Fatalities Among Internationally Adopted Children


The imaging mechanism of a 3Dsingle-pixel camera based on compressed sensing was explored.A new 3Dsingle-pixel system based on a Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)and a FMC plane was design to replace the Avalanche Photo Diode(APD)single photon detector used in exiting 3Dsingle-pixel cameras to collect data and to improve the acquiring speed of imaging.This system was based on a FPGA from Xilinx and the FMC plane from a 4DSP's FMC126daughter card with highspeed photodetectors and could achieve high-speed optical signal acquisition.It could get the reflected light intensity information and the longitudinal distance information of a target object at the same time with a sampling rate of 5GS/s and a solution of 10bit.It used a pulse-sampling mode to minimize the size of data and the computing cost.Experimental results show that the system can get 20cm or more precise longitudinal resolution when a pulse laser(half-width is 800ps)is used as the light source,inwhich the acquisition time of every Digital Micro-mirror Device(DMD)pattern is depend on the longitudinal length of the target object.The system is also can be used in the laser 3Dimaging and pulse laser ranging.


PURPOSE
Type 2 diabetes related polyneuropathy (DPN) is associated with increased vascular events and mortality, but determinants and outcomes of pain in DPN are poorly understood. We sought to examine the effect of neuropathic pain on vascular events and mortality in patients without DPN, DPN with pain (DPN+P), and DPN without pain (DPN-P).

METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted within a large health system of adult patients with type 2 diabetes from 1/1/2009-12/31/2016. Using an electronic algorithm, patients were classified as no DPN, DPN+P, or DPN-P. Primary outcomes included number of vascular events and time to mortality. Independent associations with DPN+P were evaluated using multivariable negative binomial and Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and comorbidities.

RESULTS
Of 43,945 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 64.6±14.0; 52.1% female), 13,910 (31.7%) had DPN: 9,104 DPN+P (65.4%) versus 4,806 DPN-P (34.6%). Vascular events occurred in 4,538 (15.1%) of no DPN patients, 2,401 (26.4%) DPN+P, and 1,006 (20.9%) DPN-P. After adjustment, DPN+P remained a significant predictor of number of vascular events (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR)=1.55, 95% CI 1.29-1.85) while no DPN was protective (IRR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.82), as compared to DPN-P. Compared to DPN-P, DPN+P was also a significant predictor of mortality (Hazard Ratio=1.42, 95% CI 1.25-1.61).

CONCLUSIONS
Our study found a significant association between pain in DPN and an increased risk of vascular events and mortality. This observation warrants longitudinal study of the risk factors and natural history of pain in DPN.


[Objective] To investigate the clinical significance and correlation of serum AECA and ANCA in autoimmunity diseases and vasculitis. [Methods] In 168 samples of autoimmunity diseases and vasculitis, the serum AECA, c-ANCA and p-ANCA were detected by IIF; Meanwhile, the MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA were detected by ELISA, and the positive rate of serum ANCA / AECA and their correlation were also analyzed. [Results] In RA, the positive rate of serum AECA was 27.73% (33 / 119), while the serum ANCA was 20.17% (24 / 119); and the positive rate of both serum AECA and ANCA was 42.86% (51 / 119) . In SLE, the positive rate of serum AECA was 8.00% (2 / 25), while the serum ANCA was 40.00% (10 / 25); The positive rate of both serum AECA and ANCA was 44.00% (11 / 25) The positive rate of serum AECA was 41.67% (10 / 24) in kidney diseases. [Conclusion] The detecting of AECA and ANCA have a favorable perspective in auxiliary diagnosis of vessel suffering in rheumatic diseases. AECA and ANCA are two independent factors, and their joint detection will increase the sensitivity in clinical application.


SUBTITLE: LATIN AMERICA'S HIGH-FLYING ECONOMIES -- KNOWN AS THE "JAGUARS" -- PLUNGED INTO RECESSION IN LATE 1998. BUT THEY APPEAR TO BE ROARING BACK TODAY, SIGNALING INCREASED DEMAND FOR LOGISTICS SERVICES.


To the Editor.— Isosorbide is a new hyperosmotic agent that has recently been introduced in the United States for the short-term reduction of intraocular pressure. Another compound, isosorbide dinitrate, has been used in this country by internists for many years for the treatment of angina pectoris. The similarity between the generic names of the two compounds presents a potential for confusion. Because the hyperosmotic, isosorbide, is supplied only as a liquid, while isosorbide dinitrate is a tablet, perhaps this confusion will be minimized. Nevertheless, with the increasing trend toward the use of generic names, the internist and ophthalmologist should be aware of the potential problems, which might be lessened by the use of the full generic or brand name.


Background:  Laparoscopic liver resection is a relatively new surgical procedure. Carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum and laparoscopic liver dissection are recognized as risk factors for CO2 embolism to the pulmonary circulation. The embolization can be difficult to detect and can theoretically increase peri‐operative morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects in a pig model during a time period of 4 h after an experimental CO2 embolization.


Abstract The article presents the main outcomes of the NAS‐ITIP project (FRAMEWORK'5) on the situation of intermodal transport in new European Union states. The main measures for the development of intermodal transport in these countries are highlighted: modernisation and development of intermodal infrastructure; innovative technologies; establishment of modern logistics centres. Recommendations to EC and national governmental institutions for the development of intermodality are proposed.


According to the principle of resolver transmitter,the demodulation algorithm improvement of resolver transmitter used in the IR imaging seeker of air-to-air missile is discussed in this article,and a new circuit is used to replace the demodulation module and the signal of resolver transmitter is processed by software demodulation algorithm.By setting a effective threshold for resolver transmitter signal,which is sampled by a A/D and is sent to Digital Signal Processor(DSP),noise in the resolver transmitter signal is filtered,the stabilization of the algorithm in the different temperature is verified.The results show that this processing algorithm of resolver transmitter signal is simplified to improve the accuracy of the sample.


The goal of this project is to demonstrate that oil production from selected fields in the Dundee Formation (Dev.) of Michigan can be substantially increased, perhaps restored to near--original production levels in some fields in Michigan, by utilizing horizontal drain wells. Devonian rocks have been the most prolific hydrocarbon producers of any system in the Michigan Basin. The Traverse, Dundee, and Lucas Formations have produced nearly all of the 525 Mbbls of oil and 150 Bcf of gas since the late 1920`s, 50% of the state`s oil and 7% of the state`s natural gas production. The Dundee Formation is Michigan`s all-time leader with 352 million barrels of oil and 42 billion cubic feet of gas. Crystal Field in Montcalm County, MI, selected as a field trial for this project is such a field. Analysis of production data for Crystal Field suggests that an additional 200,000 bbls of oil can be produced using 1 strategically located horizontal well. Total addition production from the Crystal Field could be as much as 6-8 Mbbls. Spin-offs from the technology developed in this project to other fields has the potential to increase Dundee production in Michigan by 35%, adding 80-100 Mbbls to the cumulative production.more » The approach combines proven, cost-effective horizontal drilling technology with modern reservoir characterization and management. A total of 30 Dundee fields will be characterized including the Crystal Field. Well logs, other well data, drilling, and production data and rock samples from the Dundee Fm. will be obtained, assembled, and input into digital databases designed for this project. Computer models describing the diagenetic, stratigraphic and thermal evolution of the Michigan Basin will be developed and applied to the Crystal Field reservoir. A post-mortem study is scheduled to monitor the effect of the horizontal well on Crystal Field production.« less


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a change reporting method and the like for performing a change notification of a locator corresponding to an identifier of a terminal, when the terminal moves to a network of a different locator. SOLUTION: A change reporting method is performed by a relay apparatus, which forms a communication path between terminals, and includes: a packet information-acquiring step of extracting, from a received packet, information on an identifier (transmission source ID) of a terminal transmitting the packet, information on an identifier (transmission destination ID) of a terminal as a destination of the packet, information on a locator (transmission source locator) of a relay apparatus of the terminal transmitting the packet, and information on a locator (transmission destination locator) of a relay apparatus of the terminal as the destination of the packet; and a change message-creating step of creating a message including the information on the transmission destination ID and information on a corresponding new locator, using the transmission source locator as a destination, when a combination of the transmission source ID, the transmission destination ID and the transmission destination locator meets a predetermined condition. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


Three lossy filters with flat passband are proposed with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and microstrip resonators, designed with the non-uniform-
 Q
 method. By properly selecting the lower-
 Q
-to-higher-
 Q
 ratio, the 0.2 dB bandwidth of the first filter is obtained to be 215 MHz (17% improvement), which is equivalent to a uniform unloaded Q
-factor of 820 at the cost of additional in-band insertion loss (IL) of 0.5 dB, when compared with the full-SIW filters. Further, two techniques are utilised to adjust the Q
-factor ratio. One method is implemented by mounting a resistor on each microstrip resonator to reduce its unloaded Q
-factor. Then, the 0.2 dB passband of 243 MHz is achieved for the second filter, equivalent to a uniform unloaded Q
-factor of 1420. The other method is realised by adjusting the Q
-factor due to radiation loss of microstrip resonators. By changing the input/output feeding structures, the 0.2 dB bandwidth of the third filter is enhanced by 32%, at the cost of minimum IL increased by 0.9 dB. The occupied area of the proposed planar hybrid filters is reduced by 15-21% and the passband flatness is much better than that of the uniform-
 Q
 filter counterparts, as demonstrated by the simulated and measured results.


The resin roof supporting technique is mostly adopted in our coal mines. But during the construction,to install the anchoring cartridge is difficult, insecurity, slow and broken easily. In order to solve the problem successfully, a kind of equipment is developed that can install the anchoring cartridge quickly. It is a tube-like form and has vertical slot in it. When operating it, it can install the anchoring cartridge in the slot first, then put the equipment into the roof bolt hole, use the roof bolt to press the cartridge into the hole. The put it out and also can do some other jobs.


As an interest of road-induced noise within a vehicle increases, the operational deflection shape (ODS) analysis has been used to identify a suspension dynamic behavior in the actual operational condition and to establish countermeasures to the problem. In this study, ODS comparison between the baseline vehicle and the suspension rig was conducted for analyzing a suspension road-induced noise performance. Before the ODS measurement, the major contribution path of structure-borne road noise transmitted through a suspension was verified by using the Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) method. In order to evaluate the effect of the major motion of a suspension on the target point, sensitivity analysis was also performed to the target by using the measured response data of ODS. Furthermore, the comparison of the evaluation in between the baseline vehicle and the suspension rig was verified on the basis of the TPA and sensitivity analysis results. Through the comparison results, the usefulness and validity of using the suspension rig were investigated in analyzing operational dynamic behavior for road-induced noise.


Since 2011, many Japanese DSC manufactures were anxious to explore some new possible solutions, in order to fill up the niche of technical advanced models or nostalgia models for special users, such as: Canon PowerShot SX50 (50x optical zoom), Panasonic LX7 (F1.4 Aperture), Fujifilm Xpro-1(nostalgia),and Canon IXUS 510 HS(Wi-Fi), NikonD3200(Wi-Fi),SamsungNX1000(Wi-Fi), Nikon S800C(Android). In fact, in 3C market, both hot-selling Smartphone (Multi-function Cell Phone) industries and DSC manufactures may have mutual interested which can work together to produce better and suitable photo components ever before. It is a new trend for Smartphones have better photo quality, and DSCs have Wireless Sharing Technique (Sharing Photos by Internet). Basically, this Wireless Sharing Technique for DSCs, only existing on relatively inexpensive, non-professional, DSLR-like, and EVIL cameras before late 2012, but are highly adapted since early 2013.This is the main target we are looking for, and we check every possible point what could be the real advantages and disadvantages for those bright new DSCs with Wi-Fi system. In our experiment, we collect more than 300 cases from the telephone survey during September 2012 to January 2013. Total of 210 cases fulfilled with the conditions. To probe mainly into the relationship between Wi-Fi DSC confidence level and 3 potential groups of people: IT administrators (IT), Multimedia Specialist (MS) , and college student (CS). We are probe into this highly competitively market with brilliant creative design, and hope to offer an objective suggestion for both industry and education administers. .


c w ecause I have the dubious distinction of being the oldst living ex-chairman of the Committee on Trauma COT), it is perhaps fitting that I should be allowed to eflect on my experiences and observations relating to he growth of the COT and its effect on American and, ndeed, global trauma care. The experiences occurred uring my active years with the COT starting in 1966 nd ending in 1986. After 1986 I continued to be inolved with the verification program as a senior reviewer. he reflections have continued to the present day and re highly colored by the passage of time, the everhanging faces of trauma care, and the cultural changes n society itself. The Scudder Oration is always a great onor, and I am truly grateful for this opportunity. Medical history is replete with examples of trauma perations in the earliest civilizations; our surgical heriage is one of caring for the injured. We have progressed rom clubs, rocks, and sticks, to spears, arrows, and words, and now to firearms, artillery, and bombs. Nulear havoc is a constant threat. The advent of industrilization, automobiles, and the penchant for violence in ur global society has created a worldwide trauma epiemic. Planning for military trauma uses the evolution f systems for transport, care, and rehabilitation of our njured. In civilian life, we have been slow to embrace he need for a system for optimal care of our injured. The seminal transformation of the COT itself ocurred in the early period that culminated in American ollege of Surgeons' (ACS) Regental approval of our erification program in 1986. This established a solid oundation for the ACS through the Committee on rauma to be the "voice" of trauma, with its key effect of orking to ensure better care for our injured patients. In y opinion, this was a turning point for the COT to act on he standards outlined in the Optimal Care documents. Committees are made up of people, and it is these eople who set the agenda for action. In my experience


Continuum emission due to bremsstrahlung and direct radiative recombination is studied in two types of fusion-plasmas with non-Maxwellian electron distributions. The calculated emissivity coeffi cients J (hto) are shown to depart from the Maxwellian ones. The main consequence of the modification of the spectrum is to invalidate the usual electron temperature diagnostic which consits in equating dlnJ (lito)/ d(ftco) to 1/kT . Case I corresponds to the critical density region of a laser-produced plasma Yahi ). The distribu tion function is c m=5 for all values of the incident electron velocity v.°' Case II corresponds to very steep temperature gradients for which the spacial scale of the transport region is larger than the gradient scale itself ). On the higher temperature si de of the heat front, the tail of the distribution is depleted with respect to the Maxwellian one . At a particular distance from it, this tail can be roughly described by the above analytical function but with m=3.


To improve the efficiency of vessel scheduling in one-way channel port, a joint scheduling model of one-way channel vessel and tug is established, Considering the actual situation such as tug allocation and one-way channel navigation rules. The optimization objective of the model is to minimize the total waiting time of all vessels and the total cost of tugs service of all vessels. According to the characteristics of service time and navigation safety time and space constraints of vessels entering and leaving the port, we design a solution algorithm based on NSGA algorithm. Algorithm improvements include heuristic initialization population strategy, two-point crossover and single-parent crossover etc. The results of multi-group examples show that the improved algorithm is superior to NSGA-II algorithm in both target optimization and solving time, and the obtained scheduling scheme is consistent with the actual scheduling process. Compared with the first-come-first-serve scheduling scheme, the total waiting time is reduced by 46.5%, which greatly improves the efficiency of vessel scheduling. The research in this paper can provide reference for the vessel arrival and departure scheduling operation in one-way channel ports.


Description Axonal injury after TBI can be reliably quantified using plasma NfL, which predicts long-term functional outcomes and progressive neurodegeneration. Circulating predictor Precise diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and prediction of long-term outcome will help the development of better treatments. Axonal damage, a predictor of clinical outcomes, has been difficult to measure in patients. Here, Graham et al. performed a multicenter study and showed that the plasma concentration of the neurofilament light (NfL) protein increased after TBI in patients and correlated with a magnetic resonance imaging–based index of axonal damage. Plasma NfL concentration predicted white matter damage and clinical outcome. They validated the results in a rodent model, showing a positive correlation between axonal damage and plasma NfL. The results indicate that measuring plasma NfL could improve diagnosis and prognosis after TBI. Axonal injury is a key determinant of long-term outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) but has been difficult to measure clinically. Fluid biomarker assays can now sensitively quantify neuronal proteins in blood. Axonal components such as neurofilament light (NfL) potentially provide a diagnostic measure of injury. In the multicenter BIO-AX-TBI study of moderate-severe TBI, we investigated relationships between fluid biomarkers, advanced neuroimaging, and clinical outcomes. Cerebral microdialysis was used to assess biomarker concentrations in brain extracellular fluid aligned with plasma measurement. An experimental injury model was used to validate biomarkers against histopathology. Plasma NfL increased after TBI, peaking at 10 days to 6 weeks but remaining abnormal at 1 year. Concentrations were around 10 times higher early after TBI than in controls (patients with extracranial injuries). NfL concentrations correlated with diffusion MRI measures of axonal injury and predicted white matter neurodegeneration. Plasma TAU predicted early gray matter atrophy. NfL was the strongest predictor of functional outcomes at 1 year. Cerebral microdialysis showed that NfL concentrations in plasma and brain extracellular fluid were highly correlated. An experimental injury model confirmed a dose-response relationship of histopathologically defined axonal injury to plasma NfL. In conclusion, plasma NfL provides a sensitive and clinically meaningful measure of axonal injury produced by TBI. This reflects the extent of underlying damage, validated using advanced MRI, cerebral microdialysis, and an experimental model. The results support the incorporation of NfL sampling subacutely after injury into clinical practice to assist with the diagnosis of axonal injury and to improve prognostication.


An interlayer noise reduction structure of an apartment house is provided to promote the pleasant living environment for inhabitants by minimizing the interlayer noise in an apartment house. An interlayer noise reduction structure of an apartment house for cutting off interlayer noise between the upper floor and the lower floor of an apartment house comprises many vacuum packs(100) installed by connecting a hanging portion(110) and a backing portion(120) continuously and filled with fillers(140) having sound absorbing/sound insulating functions, panel cases(200) assembled continuously by a mounting portion(210) and a projecting portion(220) and provided with an inner housing groove to insert many vacuum packs, and a soundproof panel(300) installed between an ondol floor layer(500) with a heating pipe(400) and a slab layer to reduce noise occurring on the upper floor and to minimize the transfer of noise to the lower floor.


The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in conjunction with the perfectly matched layers (PML) absorbing boundary condition (ABC) has been a popular choice for the simulation of ground penetrating radars (GPRs) due to the following reasons: FDTD is suitable for modeling inhomogeneities. FDTD is also suitable for the computation of time-dependent radar signals. PML is a very effective ABC that renders the FDTD method quite efficient. In this paper, in addition to the conventional usage of PML to truncate the FDTD computational domain, we report on how the PML can also be used to simulate an absorbing material inside the FDTD computational domain.


The present invention comprises: a beamlet generator for generating a plurality of electron beamlets (5a, 5b); Comprising a plurality of modulators for modulating the intensity of the electron beamlets, and modulating the array receiving said plurality of electron beamlets; A controller that is connected to the modulation array, controls the modulator individually; Regulator operationally connected to each modulator is individually adjusted to the control signal for each modulator; Each lens includes, and the array 7 of electrostatic focusing lenses for focusing the beamlets individually past a transmitting the modulated array to a small cross-section than 300 nm electron optical system; And relates to an electron beam exposure apparatus for transferring a pattern onto a target surface which comprises a first focusing target holder for holding a target having an exposed surface on which a pattern is transferred in the first focal plane of the electron optical system.


The quality and accuracy of final impressions play a vital role in successful prosthetic rehabilitation. And hence, an adequate understanding and knowledge of the relationship between periodontal tissues and prosthetic dentistry is of utmost importance to ensure adequate form, function, esthetics, and comfort of the dentition. Before final impressions, preparation of an ideal environment is of paramount importance. The quality and stability of the recorded soft tissues must be preserved during the intracrevicular placement of crown margins which are required for esthetic profile and the impression phase. For this reason, the gingival displacement must be carried out carefully and without any trauma or discomfort to the patient. This study determines the preference and choice combination of cords for double cord technique in gingival retraction by the dental students and also its sextant-wise distribution. A total of 780 sample sheets were assessed retrospectively. Prevalence of 00 + 1 combination of cords was found in 48.33% by the dental students. In both Males and Females, 00+1 was most prevalent. 0+2 is least prevalent. Chi Square test [(Pearson's Chi-square value: 7.864, df : 2, p-value: 0.020(p>0.005)] was done showing no association of choice of combinations of cords and gender. In all sextants, 00+1 was most prevalent. 0+2 is least prevalent. Chi Square test [(Pearson's Chi-square value: 20.882, df: 12, p-value: 0.052 (p>0.005)] was done showing no association of choice of combinations of cords and sextant. It was also inferred that maximum fixed partial dentures are required in sextant 2 which suggests the prevalence of edentulism in it. 0+2 combination was mostly used in sextant 2.


Women delegates on a National Land Committee study tour realised that you don't have to be educated to be useful. Michelle Friedman reports on the inspirations and discoveries of the tour


This article aims to study the influence of customer reference marketing on capital buying decisions in the context of firms with highly complex contractual frameworks. It presents the case of a thermoelectric power plant in which customer referencing did not influence a relevant buying decision. Evidence suggests that the implicit governance mechanism of project financing nullified the referencing effect. Project finance restricts managerial discretion over free cash flow, which influences organizational buying behaviour at the level of capital equipment goods. This research identifies the presence of this singular kind of governance system and draws managerial consequences for suppliers who wish to sell to project firms. A clear understanding of the legal and contractual framework can help suppliers to fulfil the potential customer's needs and expectations.


Backgrounds: It has been recently shown that the monitoring of changes in Fluid Index (FI) calculated by intrathoracic impedance with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be useful for early detection of decompensated heart failure (DHF). However, the relation of changing pattern in FI and DHF remains uncertain, because several factors other than pulmonary congestion may affect on intrathoracic impedance. Therefore, we investigated this issue in order to predict the manifestation of DHF correctly. Methods and Results: We studied 26 chronic heart failure patients (19 males, mean age 66±11 years) who had implanted CRT-defibrillator with impedance monitoring. In the observation term (10.9±4.2 months), 20 patients experienced 48 episodes of FI over 60ω-days. These episodes were divided into two groups whether medical treatment for DHF was required (group A, n=21) or not (group B, n=27). Based on daily FI, we determined linear approximate equation (Y=aX, Y: daily FI, a: the slope of increasing FI, X: the days from the beginning of increasing FI to crossing 60ω-days). We next compared the slope of increasing FI between two groups. The slope of increasing FI was significantly steeper in group A than in group B (3.68±0.88 vs. 2.84±0.96, P<0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that the monitoring of the slope of increasing FI was helpful for predicting patients with DHF.


A water absorbent member that holds supplied water and also causes the water to permeate the entirety thereof is disposed on the rear surface of a solar power generation panel in a thermally connected state and a water guiding material that supplies water supplied from a water source to the water absorbent member is disposed on the rear surface of the water absorbent member.


Compressive sensing is a technique to sample signals well below the Nyquist rate using linear measurement operators. In this paper we present an algorithm for signal reconstruction given such a set of measurements. This algorithm generalises and extends previous iterative hard thresholding algorithms and we give sufficient conditions for successful reconstruction of the original data signal. In addition we show that by underestimating the sparsity of the data signal we can increase the success rate of the algorithm.
We also present a number of modifications to this algorithm: the incorporation of a least squares step, polynomial acceleration and an adaptive method for choosing the step-length. These modified algorithms converge to the correct solution under similar conditions to the original un-modified algorithm. Empirical evidence show that these modifications dramatically increase both the success rate and the rate of convergence, and can outperform other algorithms previously used for signal reconstruction in compressive sensing.


Writing scientific article is one of the ways to develop teacher professionalism. However, writing scientific article remains a problem for some Islamic High School Teachers. To explore about the problem, a preliminary research was conducted. Focus Group Discussion was used to gather the data. The result showed that most of the Islamic High School teachers who became the participants of the research never publish a scientific article because they get difficulties not only in exploring the ideas but also in writing the article itself. The teachers admitted that writing scientifically is not their habit. Thus, encouraging those teachers to write scientifically is highly necessary and supportive atmosphere among teachers should be developed. It takes time to develop a belief that writing and publishing scientific article would help the participant teachers developing their professionalism.


Mobile mapping system is a close range photogrammetric system proved to be useful in many GIS applications. Whenever an area needs to be surveyed, a van equipped with all the necessary instruments and sensors travels into that area and takes a series of images of the objects and collects other information related to each images. The data is displayed on the workstation monitor. Through the interaction, the operator can measure all of the objects that appear in multiple images and subsequently calculate and store 3D data in GIS database. Due to financial limitation it was impossible to have a mobile system. But using simple technique it was possible to investigate many factors, which could affect the accuracy and performance of such system. So, this study was done using professional non-metric 35mm camera. Image coordinates were measured using stereo-comparator and the data was processed on a personal computer using bundle with self-calibration aerial triangulation program. The description of the tests which have been carried out as well as the results and their analysis are presented.


General This is an interesting paper where 'tar ball aerosol particles' where produced and photochemically aged in an OFR I am not sure whether tar balls in atmospheric aerosol particles are an important topic. As they are mentioned in the title, the reader expects tar balls to be central for this paper, but it seems to me, the real topic of the paper is BrC formed after wood combustion and tar balls have been identified with that BrC. Maybe the authors can straighten this out with regard to the title and the focus of the inroductory text part.


A diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser was frequency doubled to 0.532 microm with an intracavity KTiOPO(4) crystal in a V-cavity arrangement, achieving an output power of 140 W. Acousto-optic Q switching was employed at repetition rates of 10-30 kHz, and the beam quality was assessed at M(2) approximately 50. It was deduced on the basis of our model that the strength of the nonlinear frequency conversion is the main parameter determining the pulse width.


Guided by the implicit theories of intelligence (ITI) and the cognitive–motivational–relational theory of emotion and coping, the current cross-sectional study aimed to test the effects of students' incremental view of intelligence (i.e., growth mindset) in coping with academic underachievement and the potential mediating role of the fear of failure (FOF). A total of 444 Chinese undergraduate students, aged 18 to 25 years old (M = 19.76, SD = 1.48, 53.4% were female), voluntarily completed the paper-and-pencil questionnaire. A partial mediational model showed good fit with the survey data. Growth mindset had a positive direct effect on problem-focused coping (PFC) and a negative effect on FOF. FOF had a positive effect on emotion-focused coping (EFC) but not PFC. The bootstrapping results showed that growth mindset had an indirect negative effect on EFC via FOF. Our findings provide further evidence that ITI can affect different coping styles, specifically in the domain of academic failure. Growth mindset directly promoted remedial coping and prevented disengagement-oriented coping in the context of negative academic outcomes through lessening the fear of subsequent aversive consequences of failure.


Previous research has indicated that laypeople, students and legal professionals often hold flawed beliefs about memory, and the present study sought to extend this area of research to the teaching profession. Are teachers' beliefs about learning in line with the scientific consensus? A set of vignettes with contrasting options for classroom practice were presented to trainee (n = 77) and in-service (n = 44) teachers, and in each case a 7-point Likert scale prompted them to predict which would be the best course of action in terms of student outcomes. As hypothesized, responses were often out of line with research on 'desirable difficulties' in memory and learning such as retrieval practice, spacing, and interleaving, with choices indicating a lack of awareness of these evidence-based approaches, although they were more accurate than previous studies of students. Surprisingly, accuracy of response did not correlate with the duration of a teachers' classroom experience; trainee teachers outscored in-service teachers in certain areas, suggesting that recent familiarity with technical literature on learning could be advantageous.


Given a compact connected component of zeros of a vector field, we give a necessary condition for its asymptotic stability in terms of its index and Euler characteristic.


The aging of the population, is associated with an increase in illnesses such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease(AD). The reports from the National Epidemiologic Bulletin (Ben) have projected that Alzheimer's disease represents 54% of all dementia. The prevalence of this pathology is increasing with age and the increase seems to be higher among women. Within the age span of 6569 years 0.7 of the female population has the disease, compared to 23,6% of the women that had aged beyond 90 years. The corresponding figures for males are 0.6 (65-69 years) and 17.6 for those who passed 90 years of age. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in progressive cognitive, functional, and behavioral changes;in addition it is identifiedas one of the "mental disorders that may affect decision-making capacity". ADis of interest not only for the individuals who are victims of the disease, but it involves family members and caregivers as well. The disease has a dramatic impact on public health, as well as the financing of health care. From this perspective it represents pathology of interest from a social medicine perspective. The cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's patients was investigated using psychomotor speed, verbal ability and reasoning and visuospatial abilities. In additiona positive correlation was observed between the severity of the dementia and spelling/writing measures (lexical and allographic). Agraphia or dysgraphia, observed in early AD encompasses a progressive disorganization and Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2015, 31: 751


In examining the nature of the risk associated with a portfolio of business in econophysics [1], it is often of interest to assess how the portfolio may be expected to perform over an extended period of time. One approach concerns the use of ruin theory [2, 3]. Ruin theory is concerned with the excess of the income (with respect to a portfolio of business) over the outgo, or claims paid. This quantity, referred to as insurer's surplus, varies in time. Specifically, ruin is said to occur if the insurer's surplus reaches a specified lower bound, e.g. minus of the initial capital. One measure of risk is the probability of such an event, clearly reflecting the volatility inherent in the business. In addition, it can serve as a useful tool in long range planning for the use of insurer's funds. The recent increasing interplay between actuarial and financial mathematics has led to surge of risk theoretic modelling, [4].


71 ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the need for trochleoplasty in the presence of trochlear dysplasia (TD) in cases of patellofemoral instability (PFI), and review the surgical and functional outcomes in our series of patients. Material and methods: A retrospective study was made of 18 patients subjected to reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) with a tendon allograft affixed by two anchorings in the patella and transosseous femoral tunnel. Anteromedialisation osteotomy of the extensor apparatus was added in 8 patients. The study parameters were the presence of TD (according to the Dejour classification), the distance between the anterior tibial tuberosity and the trochlear groove (TT-TG), the postoperative functional outcome according to the Kajula scale, and the cases of patellofemoral dissociation relapse. The postoperative functional outcomes and relapses were analysed according to the grade of associated TD. Results: The mean patient age was 24.5 ± 7.6 years at the time of surgery, and 66% of the patients were women. The mean postoperative follow-up was 6.5 years (range: 1-12 years). Some grade of TD was recorded in 77.8% of the patients: four cases of Dejour type A trochlea, three cases of type B, two cases of type C and 5 cases of type D. An anteromedialisation tibial osteotomy was added in the cases with increased AT-TG (33.3%). One instability relapse was recorded in the postoperative period. There were no differences in the postoperative functional outcomes between the groups with or without TD (p > 0.05). There likewise were no differences in the case of the relapses. RESUMEN La reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial es eficaz en el tratamiento de la inestabilidad patelofemoral lateral, incluso en presencia de displasia troclear. Una revisión de 18 casos


Background: To evaluate how resveratrol regulates the IL-6 signaling in renal cell, pCMV6-IL-6 was overexpressed in the renal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E. Methods: IHC and TUNEL assay were used to identify the localization and apoptosis detection of the overexpression of IL-6 in NRK-52E cells. To identify the effect of overexpressed IL-6, the mitochondrial fraction was isolated and caspase activities and western blotting were performed. Results: Our results revealed that pCMV6-IL-6 was overexpressed in the nucleus and around the nuclear membrane of the cells. Moreover, the cell membrane showed no IL-6 overexpression, which may be suggest absence of the IL-6/IL-6R binding effect on the cell membrane. Furthermore, the results of the TUNEL assay demonstrated that pCMV6-IL-6-transfected cells showed features of apoptotic cells. The results of the caspase activity assay revealed that resveratrol significantly attenuated IL-6-induced caspase-3 activity but not attenuated IL-6-induced caspase-9 activity, indicating the antiapoptotic ability of resveratrol response on caspase-3 activity. The PI3K inhibitor could decrease the caspase-9 level, suggesting that the reduction of the caspase-9 level mediate by through the PI3K signaling pathway. Conclusions: Taken together, our results demonstrated that IL-6 expression not only in the cytosol but also in the nucleus of renal tubular epithelial cells. The PI3K signaling pathway regulates the caspase-9 in renal tubular epithelial cells.


The invention discloses an electro-hydraulic power steering mechanism for cars, wherein the turning radiuses of front wheels on the left side and the right side can be controlled. The electro-hydraulic power steering mechanism comprises the front wheel on the left side, the front wheel on the right side, a steering wheel and an ECU. The front wheel on the left side is connected with the left end of a left transverse pull rod, the front wheel on the right side is connected with the right end of a right transverse pull rod, and the left transverse pull rod is connected with the right transverse pull rod through an oil cylinder. The electro-hydraulic power steering mechanism has the advantages that the turning radiuses of the front wheels on the left side and the right side can be controlled according to the turning degree of the cars, the driving resistance and tire abrasion in the steering process of the wheels are reduced, and the steering stability of the cars is improved. The electro-hydraulic power steering mechanism is an ideal steering system and is wide in application prospect.


Healthcare network is an emergent organization mode which we were able to observe via RPM ("Reseau Pole Memoire" in French, which means memory pole network), dedicated to the medicopsycho-social coverage of people suffering from memory confusions. We define this collective as a community of action and we describe its functioning in order to suggest computer features allowing to support cooperative work between the professionals engaged in this network. In this article, we first position our work towards other researches on computer-supported medical activities. Then, we present RPM and suggest an analysis framework. We expose our first results after one year of observation, and we finally suggest improvements of the design of the cooperative information system.


Mlo in wheat is low-abundence protein.The immuno-gold labeling technique for Mlo was studied in this paper.The results revealed that the incubation time of the first antiserum could affect the labeling results,and 60-minute was suitable for Mlo protein.The antiserum against wheat Mlo IL2 polypeptide was better than that against wheat Mlo CT polypeptide for the localization of Mlo protein.Compared with protein A-gold,the IgG-gold was more sensitive and was more suitable for the detection of low abundance proteins.


Giving Religious Education Lessons in schools in Turkey, which started from within the changing education system and the occurrence of an independent branch of religious education since the end of the 19th century in has been a controversial issue. In this article, firstly the short history of religious education in Turkey is mentioned. Then necessities of religious education are discussed in the light of discussions on a new constitution and new education system.


In insects, a vast array of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) have been isolated and shown to be distributed extensively throughout the nervous system, occurring both centrally and peripherally.' FaRPs appear to act as neurohormones, as well as neurotransmitterslneuromodulators with direct actions on peripheral tissues such as salivary glands, accessory glands, and muscle. These FaRPs have a variety of modulatory actions upon contraction of a variety of muscle types, including skeletal, heart, and visceral In particular, a subfamily of decapeptide FaRPs, also known as myosuppressins, with the sequence XDVXHXFLRFamide has been found in several insect species and shown to inhibit spontaneous contractions of visceral muscle^.^ A member of this subfamily, PDVDHVFLRFamide (SchistoFLRFamide), is present in the nervous system of the locusts, Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta m i g r a t ~ r i a . ~ , ~ In addition, a second peptide ADVGHVFLRFamide has also been sequenced from Locusta.' In the oviduct of Locusta migratoria the two Locusta myosuppressins act as neuromodulators, inhibiting both spontaneous and induced muscle contractions .5 Thus, they are able to inhibit proctolin-induced, glutamate-induced, and high potassium-induced contractions. Recent evidence indicates that PDVDHVFLRFamide closes or blocks voltage-gated and some ligand-gated calcium channels in the plasma membrane, or buffers intracellular calcium.6 These actions appear to represent true physiological roles for these myosuppressins in locust oviducts because evidence indicates (1) the presence of both peptides within the innervation of locust oviducts, (2) the presence of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in electron-dense round granules contained in nerve endings on locust oviduct, and (3) the presence of binding sites that probably represent two receptors for PDVDHVFLRFamide, a high-affinity and a low-affinity receptor.',* Structure-activity studies using locust oviducts have identified several structural features of the neuropeptides which are important for biological activity, and competitive binding studies on the same tissue have identified features important for binding.9 Thus, inhibitory biological activity is retained by the N-terminal truncated peptide HVFLRFamide,


The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of economic security of innovative enterprises based on the use of taxonomic analysis of the main indicators of their institutional support for the optimal organization of management and forecasting the economic development of the regions of their operation. The method proposed in the article consists in assessing the system of indicators of institutional support for innovative entrepreneurship within the framework of the Institute of Human Capital, the Institute of Financial and Credit Component, the Institute for the Implementation of Innovations in Industry, the Institute of Export Activities, the Institute of Intellectual Property, the Institute of Infrastructure Support, the Institute of Regulatory and Legal Support, the Institute of Public-Private Partnership and Mediation, the Institute of Information Support. The advantage of this technique over the methods for assessing economic security proposed in other scientific works is that the summary assessment indicator is universal and its interpretation makes it possible to identify the relationship between the main integrated indicators for all regions of the studied country, taking into account the unevenness of their economic development, as well as to analyze the question of the causal nature of the transformation of the institutional environment and its consequent. The practical significance of systematized indicators of institutional support, influencing the modeling of economic security management of innovative entrepreneurship, is that they can be used in forecasting the economic development of regions of the country and developing appropriate measures to regulate this process.


This essay provides an introduction to the question of the contribution of the ancient sophists to aesthetics in Western art. It commences by examining the persistent analogies to visual arts in negative and positive discussions of sophistry, both philosophical and rhetorical, and proceeds to examine sophistic rhetoric in Gorgias, Aristides, Lucian, Philostratus and Byzantine ekphrasis, culminating with Philostratus' discussions of mimesis and phantasia in Apollonius of Tyana. The discussions of the relation of being and nonbeing in Gorgias' On Nonbeing and in Plato's Sophist form the ontological core of sophistic claims about imaginative invention and the sophistic advancement of voluntary illusion (apatē) as a means to poetic "justice" or "truth". Such claims should be considered in the light of the epistemological and ontological skepticism propounded by Gorgias. Although the opprobrium attached to sophistry obscures its later influence, we can nevertheless discern a sophistic aesthetic tradition focused on the reflective reception of artworks that re-emerges in the Renaissance. In the last section, I adumbrate the lines of study for examining a sophistic Renaissance in the visual arts, with attention to antiquarianism as an area where the significance of the beholder's imaginative projection suggests the endurance—or revitalization—of sophistic aesthetics.