The paper proposed a new control method which is related to the open degree of electronic valve,and the function-diversification laboratory bench was designed for the estimetion of the new control method. It's suggested that the new control method was practical and of energy conservation,based on the comparative analysis of the experimental data with the theoretical results of other control methods.


To develop, implement and audit the performance of an objective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique for the detection of antihypertensive medications in urine.

We have developed a novel LC-MS/MS method for the detection of 23 commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications in urine in a single assay. The method was first applied to the analysis of urine from a validation cohort of 49 individuals who were taking at least one antihypertensive agent in the screening …


In the late 1800s, recurrent outbreaks of cholera, diphtheria, and typhus triggered widespread public concern over domestic hygiene. Sensing a lucrative market, entrepreneurs designed newfangled toilets, sewer traps, window ventilators, and water filters. A century later, a new wave of infectious diseases is rekindling fears, and marketers are responding with antimicrobial products ranging from soap to toys to underwear. The number of new germ-fighting products has risen steadily over the past 5 years, from 36 in 1992 to 123 in 1996, according to Marketing Intelligence Service of Naples, New York. Some experts question the prudence of spending extra money-up to 50% more in the case of some soaps-for uncertain protection. They say more frequent and thorough hand washing, along with other simple measures, would do more to prevent disease than putting chemicals in household items. Philip Tierno, PhD, a microbiologist at New York University Medical Center, explained the heightened public concern. Tierno, who is a scientific spokesman for Hasbro of Pawtucket, Rhode Island, a maker of antimicrobial toys, said that the concern began with the Legionella outbreak in 1976. A few years later came toxic shock syndrome, then Ebola virus, Hantavirus from rat droppings, Cryptosporidium in water, and on and on. People are extremely aware of microorganisms and want to do something, Tiemo explained. Considering the AIDS epidemic, mad-cow disease, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, books called The Hot Zone and The Coming Plague, and the movie Outbreak, the roots of the new microbial awareness are evident. The germ-fighting revolution in consumer products has been driven largely by innovative uses of triclosan, a broad-spectrum germicide used for 25 years in hospital soaps and dermatologic preparations. The Microban Products Company of Huntersville, North Carolina, developed a way to bond triclosan to plastic polymers, opening the way for such specialty products as surgical drapes, orthopedic cast liners, and hospital mattress covers. More recently, the company has joined makers of consumer goods to introduce germicidal cutting boards, toothbrush holders, and myriad other products-many of which are sold on cable television's QVC shopping channel. Soaps Go Far Enough Some infection experts agreed that germicidal soaps probably make sense, but they were skeptical of the value of antimicrobial cutting boards and toys. There have been no controlled studies to show that antibacterial soaps work, but in theory they shouldn't hurt, and may very well help, said Benedict DeCicco, PhD, a microbiologist at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. But all of these other antibacterial things are mainly gimmicks to sell products. As for cutting boards, I don't want any antibacterial stuff getting in my food-it's not necessarily something I want to eat. He is also concerned that antibacterial chemicals on toys could cause allergic reactions in children. Robyn Gershon, DrPH, of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health in Baltimore, also called the germ-fighting product trend a marketing gimmick. Gershon said the products are probably not harmful, although like DeCicco she expressed some uneasiness about introducing antimicrobial chemicals into toys. Both said using a weak bleach solution to disinfect cutting boards and other kitchen surfaces is more likely to be effective than relying on impregnated chemicals. May Promote Complacency Gershon also expressed concern that antibacterial sponges and cutting boards might confer a false sense of security, leading people to relax their cleaning efforts. Gail H. Cassell, PhD, chair of the Department of Microbiology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, agreed. Just because a toy has this component in it, doesn't mean it's going to maintain efficacy when dropped on the floor or on a dirty diaper. Organisms could still be viable, she explained. The awareness that's being created about the need to be more conscientious in the home with respect to germs is important and well justified, Cassell added, but I think with the [antimicrobial] products, we have a long way to go before we can claim efficacy. Hasbro has already been admonished by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for its claim that triclosan protects children from germs. The EPA, which registers every antimicrobial product as a form of pesticide, ruled in April that because Hasbro has not presented data to support its claim, the company could only say that the treatment protects the plastic in the toys, not the toys' users. Tierno said that worry about triclosan, which is molecularly bound into the cutting boards and toy surfaces, is largely misplaced. According to the Microban company, the amount of triclosan that gets into food is well below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit of 0.5 parts per billion (the FDA regards a higher amount of chemicals as a food additive). Also, Ciba-Geigy of Summit, New Jersey, the maker of triclosan, has completed studies showing that the compound is nontoxic even when ingested at many times the concentration used in Microban products. The FDA seems to be convinced of the chemical's safety when ingested. In July, it approved for marketing a triclosan-containing toothpaste called Total (Colgate-Palmolive, New York, New York). Total is the first toothpaste that contains this chemical to be sold in the United States. The product has been shown to reduce gingivitis in controlled clinical trials, according to the FDA. Nothing Replaces Hand Washing Enthusiasts and skeptics agree that the benefits of antimicrobial products are dwarfed by the potential reduction in disease that could occur if hand-washing habits improved. In a 1996 survey, 94% of adults said they always wash their hands after using public restrooms. But among people observed in such places as New York's Penn Station, the Atlanta Braves' ballpark, and a New Orleans casino, only 74% of women and 61% of men actually did so. And only 33% reported washing their hands after coughing or sneezing. The research was conducted by a market research firm for Operation Clean Hands, * a campaign launched in September 1996 to educate Americans about the risks of poor hand-washing habits. This program is sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology and Bayer Pharmaceutical Division of West Haven, Connecticut. In interviews, several experts confirmed that even among people who wash their hands faithfully, few do it as thoroughly as they should. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define thorough hand washing as 15 seconds of vigorously rubbing the hands together until a soapy lather appears; scrubbing between fingers, under fingernails, and around the tops and palms of hands; rinsing under warm running water; drying the hands with a clean, disposable towel; and turning off the faucet using the towel as a barrier between the hands and the faucet handle. The FDA estimates that 81 million Americans develop food-borne illnesses each year, resulting in 9000 deaths. According to the CDC, $4 billion are spent each year to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, many of which could be prevented by thorough hand washing. People have become complacent, starting in the schools and kindergartens, where teachers are not encouraging and enforcing hand washing as they once did, Cassell said. She traced this attitude partly to the many victories over infectious disease that were won by mid-century, when vaccines and antibiotics vanquished once-formidable microbial foes. Cassell promotes hand washing through Operation Clean Hands, which has been covered by about 50 television stations and prompted a Boston Globe editorial, she said. Lubbock, Texas, sponsored a handwashing day. The campaign has been translated into Spanish for Miami's Latino population. The Massachusetts Medical Society launched a similar campaign this year, featuring a Soapy cartoon character and public-service announcements starring celebrity chef Julia Child. Can public awareness campaigns create a nation of conscientious hand washers? One historical antecedent is the decline in public spitting witnessed this century. Katherine Ott, PhD, of the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C., is author of the book Fevered Lives: Tuberculosis in American Culture since 1870 (Harvard Univ Pr; 1996). She said a confluence of circumstances around the turn of the century helped curb spitting, including a decrease in use of chewing tobacco; heightened expectations for cleanliness in public places; and a middle-class reaction to the influx of poor immigrants whose behaviors, including spitting, came to be viewed as repugnant. But Ott said antituberculosis campaigns were also a major factor. Antispitting laws were passed, signs were posted in public places (Figure 1), and leaflets were distributed. Figure 1. A typical disease-prevention poster from the late 1920s. No one has suggested mandatory hand-washing laws. But DeCicco drew a parallel to the emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance, dramatized this June by reports from Japan of a vancomycin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Early in the century, public health officials had no treatment for diseases, such as tuberculosis and polio, so they had to focus on prevention, he said. And now that these drug-resistant organisms are showing up, we may be reaching that point again. -Tom Reynolds * Brochures from Operation Clean Hands can be ordered by calling 888-972-2937 (no fee or shipping costs).


Traditionally, the fixed photovoltaic (PV) systems are using a yearly optimum tilt angle. However, such an angle would provide best performance in terms of energy output only in some of the months of the year. Adjusting the PV panels' tilt angle on a regular base, such as twice per year, seasonally or even monthly will definitely ensure higher values of the incident solar radiation and thus a certain growth in terms energy output. In this paper specific optimum tilt angles are used on a PV panel laboratory model in order to evaluate the gains in terms of PV panel's current intensity and power output.


The invention discloses a payment method based on mobile communication equipment, the mobile communication equipment and a smart card. The smart card is arranged in the mobile communication equipment and stores account information, and the account information comprises one or multiple account IDs and application IDs corresponding to one or every one of the multiple account IDs. According to the account information, default account information is set in the smart card. The default account information corresponds to one account ID, and payment is conducted based on the default account information.


B The clay minerals illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite suspended in dilute pesticide solutions adsorb very little 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (CIPC). Adsorption of CIPC from aqueous solution with powdered activated carbon is extensive. Equilibrium conditions for the CIPC-activated carbon system can be represented by a Freundlich isotherm. Physical o r weak chemical bonding between the CIPC and the carbon surface is suggested. There is some indication that this particular adsorption process is diffusion-controlled.


The diploma paper entitled CHILDREN'S FOLK DANCES WHICH ORIGINATE IN FOLKLORE is theoretical and empirical.
The theorethical part of my diploma paper starts with folk dance: the concept of folk dance, folk dance clothes, preschool dancing – goals, educational principles and methods of dance education. Children's dance tradition is also presented, along with children's merrymaking games, children's dance games which originate from folklore and childrens folk finger games. In the empirical part the monthly plan of preparations for the topic of folk dances is presented.
It is evident from the evaluation of the pedagogical work that children like folk dance and that they love to cooperate in dance activities. The evaluation proved that the easiest way to introduce cultural heritage to preschool children is through play and dance games and that teachers in kindergartens do not spend enough time conducting activities related to folk dance.


There was a snowfall in the SeoulㆍGyeonggi region for two days, from 1 to 2 March, 2005. The snowfall occurred by snow clouds which had been developed over Yellow Sea entering into the region. The clouds had an organized pattern of cloud street, wind-parallel cloud bands. The kinematic characteristics of snow clouds were investigated using Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) observation data, atmospheric soundings, NOAA satellite infrared images, and weather charts. Our synoptic analysis shows that a trough was separated from the cyclone in the central region of China due to an expansion of Siberian high, and then during the passage of the trough over the Yellow Sea, the snow clouds were developed. The cloud street was observed in infrared satellite images and was also recognized on the PPIs of radar reflectivity. The kinematic characteristics of wind field under the snow clouds development were analyzed by Volume Velocity Processing (VVP) method (Waldteufel and Corbin, 1979). The wind field analysis indicates that maxima of convergence and vertical velocity were 2.0×10?⁴ s?¹ and 16 cms?¹, respectively. And there was cold advection in atmospheric layer of surface~1.3 ㎞ height. The maximum advection of -0.42℃ per hour occurred from 0430 LST to 0800 LST on 2 March. The present analysis shows that the cloud street was developed by the inflection point instability under the stable atmospheric condition. The bands extended over 100 ㎞ in length and the inter-band spacing was about 9 ㎞. The inflection point height was changed with the wind directions. The inflection point height was about 1.3 ㎞, and the vertical wind shear had maximum value (2.1×10?²~2.4×10?² s?¹) at inflection point height. The present observational study suggests that the development of cloud street is possible even under the stable atmospheric condition through the inflection point instability.


Abstract : This thesis considers the interoperability of recent modeling efforts that apply constrained optimization (combined with representations of system function and management) to assess and improve the operational resilience of critical infrastructure (CI) systems to disruptive events. We implement these mathematical models using the Pyomo optimization package, which is built on top of the Python programming language. This computational environment provides advantages for data preprocessing and postprocessing, including convenient and efficient methods for manipulating CI network data. Moreover, the object-oriented nature of Pyomo creates a natural means for representing interdependent CI systems. Specifically, the model for each CI system can be implemented as its own object, and the combined model can be implemented as another object built from its dependent components. This allows for increased flexibility and extensibility beyond previous implementations. We manage the inputs and outputs of the models in a way to be able to compare them across studies, obtaining insight on their performance, interactions, and effectiveness. This thesis supports a broader effort to build a repository of functional CI models enabled from a geospatial user interface and connected to a common, backend simulation engine.


Social problems are an integral part of social life. The term 'social problem' applies to social conditions, processes, societal arrangements or attitudes that are commonly perceived to be undesirable, negative, and threatening certain values or interests such as social cohesion, maintenance of law and order, moral standards, stability of social institutions, economic prosperity or individual freedoms. A social problem may also be experienced as a feeling of collective guilt created through an awareness of collective neglect to remove or alleviate certain undesirable social conditions that negatively affect some sections of society. In this definition of social problems therefore there is no presumed value- or attitudinal-neutrality in perception, interpretation or intervention. This particular attribute differentiates social phenomena that are perceived to be social problems from other social or physical phenomena or conditions that are regarded as problems tout court , and that are perceived perhaps as not quite desirable or pleasant but without an element of threat. Furthermore, a social problem is also a condition 'created' by society that is, potentially at least, feasibly alleviated or solved by society. On the other hand, some physical phenomena or 'natural disasters' such as earthquakes, droughts or floods occur beyond social control, although the knowledge of their probability enables societies to take preventive or remedial actions. With such physical phenomena, the knowledge of the ability to take preventive or remedial actions but the failure to do so would then be perceived as a social problem.


Strictly many materials such as ceramics, cement and even metals should be classed as polymers since the atoms within them are bound by strong chemical bonds into large groups usually of indefinite size. This article will deal only with the synthetic organic polymers and, in fact, will consider mainly the plastics, little attention being given to rubbers and fibres. The industrial production of synthetic plastics has expanded greatly in the post-war years largely using petroleum as the starting material. The plastics produced do not have good mechanical properties compared, say, to metals and have other limitations such as poor resistance to heat and inflammability.


The concept of universal personal telecommunication (UPT) is a very ambitious project and represents an innovative solution for the personal mobility of users among different networks in different countries. It aims to be provided independently from the supporting network, the terminal used and the requested services. On the other hand, the intelligent network (IN) has the capability to provide telecommunication services based on the user's personal identification instead of terminal or line identification, by means of intelligent nodes with service control capabilities. For these reasons the requirements of independence can be easily achieved if the UPT service is provided using the IN functional architecture. The authors analyze the UPT mobility requirements and how the provision of personal mobility is foreseen in IN in order to verify the possibilities of mobility management for UPT user within IN.<<ETX>>


This paper explains the design of multilevel inverter for fuel cell and photovoltaic cell. The hybrid power sources are connected to the load by the hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter. The hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter has the minimum number of switching and increases the voltage level with low harmonic distortion and low switching losses. Multilevel inverter is able to handle high voltage with minimum voltage stress on the switching devices, have a low harmonic content in the output voltage. This topology has been successfully used in applications where higher voltage levels are required. The hybrid power sources used are fuel cell and photovoltaic sources that supplies the inverter. The proposed system produces the different output voltage levels with the minimum THD.


Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common and recurrent condition, often characterized by an asymptomatic disturbance of the vaginal flora. Studies have shown that BV is relatively common among HIV-infected women[1], and is a risk factor for both HIV acquisition and HIV shedding in the genital tract [2, 3]. Current recommendations do not advocate treatment of asymptomatic BV [4]. This pilot study investigated whether treatment of asymptomatic BV would have an additional impact on HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract of women already receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

The study included 30 women on HAART with plasma viral load <75 copies/mL during the 3 months prior to enrollment . Asymptomatic BV was defined by satisfying 3 out of 4 Amsel's criteria or having a Nugent score (NS) greater than seven, and absence of gynecologic symptoms. These women were randomly assigned (non-blinded) in a 1-to-1 ratio to a treatment or observation arm. The treatment arm received metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for 7 days at the initial visit while the observation arm received no treatment. Participants returned 1 month later for follow-up. At enrollment and follow-up visits, women were tested for HIV plasma viral load (PVL), genital tract (GT) HIV-RNA (Nuclisens, BioMerieux), STIs, and BV (Nugent Score/Gram stain GS, and Amsel's score).

Women in the treatment and observation groups had similar age (median 42.5 years), race (53% white, 20% black), and baseline PVL distributions (27% detectable). At enrollment, all women met Amsel's definition for BV, 24 women had NS greater than 7, and 4 women (13%, 95% CI = 3.7–31%) had HIV genital tract shedding. None of the women had other STIs including asymptomatic herpes simplex virus shedding.

Although insignificant, at the follow-up visit more women in the treatment arm (9/15; 60%) than the observation arm (5/15; 33%) had a negative Amsel's score (p=0.27). Women in the treatment arm had a median change in NS of −6 (range -10 to 2, p 0.05). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test comparing the mean changes was significant (p<0.001). Treatment also increased the probability of having a NS < 7 at the second time point (87% vs 27%) (p<0.01). Although statistically insignificant, the large effect size observed (log odds ratio −2.17, s.e.=1.3, p=0.10) support the conclusion that treatment of BV may be associated with a decrease in the odds of genital tract shedding (logistic regression, adjusting for detectable PVL at follow up).. Of the 4 women (3 observation; 1 treatment) who had GT shedding at enrollment, 1 woman in the observation arm did not have GT shedding on follow-up. The logistic regression analysis showed that detectable PVL positively correlated with GT shedding (log odds ratio 3.58, s.e.=1.4, p<0.05).

The current study demonstrates that the prevalence of HIV genital tract shedding is low among women on HAART with a diagnosis of asymptomatic BV. Treatment with Metronidazole decreases the rate of asymptomatic BV among these women. Our finding is consistent with the few related studies that assessed the impact of STI treatment on HIV-1 viral load. Wang et al. found that neither the shedding of HIV-1 RNA nor the prevalence of DNA changed following treatment of bacterial vaginosis among HIV-infected women[5]. Wolday et al noticed a modest reduction in shedding of HIV-1 related to overall syndromic treatment of STIs, and reductions in cervical HIV viral load among those women with clinical improvement[6]. The high prevalence of asymptomatic BV infection and evidence that BV facilitates HIV shedding make BV an area where interventions could have significant implications for HIV prevention. However, based on the results of our intention-to-treat analysis of this pilot study, future studies will need to be powered with larger sample sizes (about 500 per arm) and screening an even larger number of women to detect asymptomatic BV (6–8 per each case in the present study) due to low levels of detected genital tract HIV shedding among women on HAART.


The alumina-filler, which has been confirmed to be biocompatible, has been applied as artificial bone filler. To our knowledge, there was no report on histological findings of the old reconstructive region with alumina-ceramic filler.The further investigations have been necessary on the destiny of alumina filler in the long-term follow-up study.A 48-year-old man, in the traumatic accident, sustained fracture of the right femoral shaft where reconstruction had been performed with mixture of alumina-ceramic filler and autogenous bone chip for fibrous dysplasia 4 years before. His trauma was accompanied by other fractures.The osteosynthesis was done and the bone healing was obtained in the all fractured bone. The histological affinity between ceramics and bones in long term was ascertained to be satisfactory. The method of drilling into the reconstructed area with ceramics was developed and appeared effective.


This research was carried out in order to determine whether there is a significant relationship between the mathematics anxiety experienced by primary school teacher candidates and their beliefs about problem-solving, and it was carried out in the relational survey model. The population of this research consists of primary school teacher candidates studying in the 3rd and 4th grades in education faculties. The sample was obtained using by purposive sampling method and primary school teacher candidates studying in the 3rd and 4th grades of MCBÜ, Faculty of Education. In the research, ' MKÖ-Ö'' and ' M-PÇİÖ ' were applied. SPSS package program was used in the analysis of the obtained data. As a result of the findings, there was a relationship between math anxiety and gender, but no significant relationship was found between age and class variables, and it was concluded that there was a significant relationship between (MKÖ-Ö) (M-PÇİÖ) subscales.


Central axis (2), comprising a tip (3) and said central axis (2) and the coaxial or parallel hollow (5), a cannula (1) defining a peripheral wall (12), A) said cannula (1) is transversely to said central axis (2), said penetrating peripheral wall (12) further comprises at least two perforations (8); B) the hollow (5) is open at the tip (3); Cross section of C) the hollow (5) has a contraction (6) having a diameter d This type of cannula (1) and wire apparatus for liquid jet irrigation of bone that contains (7) (10). .FIELD 1


Ethics as a regulator of human relations always has a significant importance. In order to achieve ethical behavior criteria, and dominant of ethical principles in employees' behaviors, effective factors on employees' ethical behaviors, specifically managers in organizations, should be identified. In this study, impact of demographic variables (such as age, gender, and education) and presence of code of ethics in organization, on ethical perceptions and attitudes of Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran (IDRO ) and its affiliated companies were examined. In this study, 16 hypotheses were developed. Studied community was managers of staff organization of industrial development and renovation organization of Iran and its affiliated companies in number of 200. A sample in number of 90 were randomly chosen. Research method was descriptive in type of correlation method. In order to collect data, a questionnaire consisting of 58 questions in 4 parts was used. For analyzing research data in descriptive and inference statistical level, Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) and Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) software were operated. Research findings identified that: age of managers had significant impact on their evaluation of ethicalness of employees' behaviors; gender of managers had significant impact on their evaluation of employees' possibility of acting unethically; gender of managers had significant impact on their evaluation of factors leading to unethical behaviors; education level of managers had significant impact on their evaluation of factors leading to unethical behaviors.

 Key words: Ethical perceptions, ethical attitudes, code of ethics, demographic variables, age, gender, Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran (IDRO).


In speaking of phthisis it is a fact that a large number of cases are complicated by a disease in the larynx, which we know is tuberculosis. It seems strange that, as tubercular diseases in the larynx so often accompanies a similar process in the lungs, it should not more frequently be encountered as a primary disease. It has been questioned by many careful observers, whose names carry much weight of authority, whether laryngeal tuberculosis ever occurs primarily; they insist that the primary lesion was in the lungs, and that when the laryngeal disease developed, the lung disease was marked by it or that the tubercular process while present in the lungs was not recognizable by physical signs. Most authors writing after improved methods of diagnosis and the use of the laryngoscope, seem to agree, that while it may occur primarily, clinical facts present a strong weight of evidence against


Utilizing some important probability inequation,the author proves the weak law of large numbers and convergence in L~p under the Cesaro uniform integrable conditions,improves and extends some corresponding results.


The row, architrave of the sustainability: Granarolo born as a row company, accustomed to reason collectively, to consider itself part of a system that embraces more subjects: the agricultural world, the manufacturer one, the distribution operators, the consumers, the institutions, the banks. The bottom choice has been to interpret the row of our field according to a strategy of increase based on the continuous search of a distinguishing position in quality and innovation. In this strategic choice, it inhabits the cooperative chromosome that in Granarolo it has always induced to look at the company like a community of persons and not simply a physical place of encounter between capitals and resources and look at the market like a collectivity of citizens, not of simple consumers.


This study investigated the association of pre-mixed and freshly mixed strychnine baits with poisoning of nontarget animals in Saskatchewan. During years where the formulations were derived from a 2% concentrate, there was a greater than 2-fold increase in case numbers. There were approximately 3-fold fewer cases when the baits were prepared by pest control officers rather than by producers.


We describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of a narrow band tunable guided mode resonance (GMR) reflectance filter that is actuated by optically induced trans-cis isomerization of an azobenzene liquid crystal. Constructing a plastic replica-molded containment cell with a rubbed polyimide film to initially direct the liquid crystal molecular orientation parallel to the grating lines of the GMR filter, isomerization caused by exposure to a λ=532nm laser results in a −25nm shift of the resonant reflected wavelength.


Deep neural network is widely used in many intelligent computing scenarios, but the storage overhead caused by its huge number of parameters limits its application in embedded systems. The neural network pruning technology can remove a large number of redundant parameters in the network, theoretically, which reduces the amount of parameter storage and calculation. However, there are two problems in deploying sparse neural network algorithms on existing embedded hardware platforms: one is that using the existing coding to store sparse neural network parameters will increase additional memory access overhead; the other is the decoding process of sparse model is highly complex, which increases the amount of calculation. To solve the two problems, this paper proposes Dynamic ELL encoding format to represent the sparse weight matrix for pruning neural network. This new coding combines the advantages of the ELL encoding and relative indexing, which compromises the storage overhead and decoding overhead. The sparse MLP that uses dynamic ELL encoding storage is deployed on a SoC built on a RISC-V processor. Experiments show that compared to dense networks that use Dynamic ELL encoding storage, the sparse network storage space is reduced by 43%, and the system running time is reduced by 37%.


Morphological abnormalities due to UV partial irradiation to 8 or 16 cell embryos were studied in the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) embryo. UV irradiation on the animal hemisphere of 8, 16 cell embryos inhibited normal development at the gastrula stage and caused the formation of exogastrula. UV irradiation of the vegetal hemisphere arrested the normal development at the blastula stage and inhibited the gastrulation and the skeleton formation, giving rise to permanent blastula.


The utility model relates to a vehicle steering column energy absorption structure, which consists of a steering column cylinder, a steering shaft and a steering column support. The upper support of the steering shaft is welded on the upper cylinder of the steering column, and the lower support is welded on the lower cylinder of the steering column. The upper support of the steering column is provided with an insert linked with the upper support of the steering column by a plastic molded pin and fixed on a vehicle body by a bolt. The upper half shaft and the lower half shaft of the steering shaft are connected by a spline and fixed by horizontally passed plastic molded pin, so the upper half shaft and the lower half shaft of the steering shaft are not relatively slide under the state of normal operation. The steering column energy absorption structure plays the roles of absorbing collision energy and protecting the safety of the drivers by the shrinkage of the steering column in the front collision of the vehicles through the improvement of the original structure of the steering column under the precondition of none increasing of the special energy absorption structure, and has the advantages of small size and light weight.


While the control or progression of leishmaniasis depends on host immune responses, the initial inflammatory process represents a key event. This process involves the participation of several cytokines and growth factors induced during inflammation as well as factors already present at the site of infection such as insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I. We have previously demonstrated a potential role for IGF‐I in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis based on the significant increase in lesion size seen in mice injected with Leishmania promastigotes preactivated with IGF‐I. In the present study we show that preactivation of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes with IGF‐I induces an increase in the actual number of parasites at the lesion site from seven days postinfection, in addition to a more intense inflammatory infiltrate. There was a higher numerical density of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from 3 to 24 h, and of mononuclear cells from 48 h of infection onward. A higher density of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear cells harboring parasites was also observed. The most important observation, however, was that more parasites per cell were present, revealing that IGF‐I appears to favour parasite growth within the macrophages. These results strongly suggest an important role for IGF‐I in the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis, where it influences both the inflammatory process and parasite growth.


The paper offers the complete form of the BRST charges and of the extended Hamiltonian for the first-rank theories in the context of the sp(3) BRST symmetry. A theorem is proposed in order to solve the problem of existence and uniqueness of a gauge fixed Hamiltonian in this context. As a general result, it is verified that the standard and the sp(2) theories could be recovered as particular cases of our generalized symmetry.


Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a genetically distinct sarcoma with a propensity for local recurrence and metastasis despite an indolent course. To the authors' knowledge, there are limited data examining chemotherapy outcomes as a guide to therapeutic decisions for unresectable disease.


A longitudinal double-blind study of two manic patients treated in a random fashion with lithium carbonate and placebo is reported. Daily ratings of mania were recorded independently by a trained psychiatric nursing team and by a psychiatrist. The major finding was a definite increase in mania, reflected in the daily ratings, during placebo periods within 24 hours of the withdrawal of lithium, even when the placebo period lasted only one day. The rapidity and predictability of the response to withdrawal of lithium offers important advantages both in the clinical use of this drug and in its use as a research tool.


In the process of endochondral ossification, chondrocytes progress through a se- ries of maturational changes, including division and hypertrophy, that culminate in chondrocyte loss and cartilage resorption. From an investiga- tion of morphology, DNA fragmentation, and col- lagen synthesis in the developing chick sterna we have characterized chondrocytes death in this process. Light microscopy of resorbing sterna demonstrated chondrocyte condensation at the interface with the invading vasculature and elec- tron microscopy demonstrated a range of chon- drocyte morphologies, including retraction from the pericellular matrix, cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation, and vesiculation suggestive of se- quential changes characteristic of apoptosis. Isolation and end-labeling of DNA from chick pri- mary ossification centers demonstrated fragmen- tation to nucleosome sized units, only in primary ossification centers exhibiting active resorption, and in situ detection of DNA fragmentation showed a restriction to chondrocytes at the inter- face with invading blood. We conclude that termi- nal differentiation of chondrocytes results in death by an apoptotic process prior to resorption of the tissue and invasion by blood vessels. The extent of DNA fragmentation correlated closely with the proportion of cells displaying a con- densed phenotype in contralateral primary ossifi- cation centers and peaked at an early stage of re- sorption, suggesting that chondrocyte apoptosis may be an initiating event in tissue resorption and vascular invasion. Comparison of DNA fragmen- tation with expression of the hypertrophic chon- drocyte phenotype, as indicated by type X colla- gen synthesis, suggested that DNA fragmentation was a late event in the process of chondrocyte hy- pertrophy and probably corresponded with chon-


During the last years, the increasing interest in reusable hypersonic space transportation systems led to several different concepts like American NASP as Single Stage To Orbit systems (SSTO) or German Saenger system as a Two Stage To Orbit system (TSTO). The lower stage of TSTO is equipped with airbreathing propulsion system for atmospheric flight and transports the rocket propelled upper stage up to an altitude of about 30 km with a Mach number of M=6.8. After stage separation, the lower stage returns to earth, meanwhile the shuttle flies to space. However, delta wing configurations are integrated in advanced space planes and numerous investigations were carried out using only flat wings 1), 2) in order to study the vortex development at the upper side. The integration of the wing in a space plane affects many additional interactions for example with propulsion systems, winglets or in case of TSTO systems with the upper stage. Recently, the shocks produced by a space plane model with integrated propulsion system are visualized with Schlieren method in supersonic flows 3). Here, the vortices located at the suction side of a TSTO-system and the flow field close to the propulsion system at the lower side are visualized in a Subsonic-Wind-Tunnel by smoke ejection in a wind tunnel flow 4). Two basic types of the flow visualizations are smoke screen and smoke line methods. The conventional application of smoke screen is not useful in case of delta wing flows because high speed vortices blure the smoke screen. On the other hand, the suitable smoke line method requires more complicated smoke generators and ejector systems normally realized in form of a pipe rake which disturbs additionally the wind tunnel flow. Therefore, in order to simplify the necessary set-up and to minimize the disturbance of the wind tunnel flow, the smoke is generated by means of a heated wire with knots having the form of a loop. From these knots acting as reservoirs, liquid paraffin is vaporized following the streamlines. Measured pressure distributions confirm the results of flow visualization.


Background Facet joint pain is a common cause of chronic low back pain (CLBP). Radiofrequency (RF) denervation is an effective treatment option. Purpose A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and effectiveness of different RF denervation treatments in managing facet joint-derived CLBP. Methods The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and China Biology Medicine were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from January 1966 through December 2021. Interventions included conventional radiofrequency denervation (CRF), pulsed radiofrequency denervation (PRF), pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the dorsal root ganglia (PRF-DRG), radiofrequency facet capsule denervation (RF-FC), and radiofrequency ablation under endoscopic guidance (ERFA). The outcome was the mean change in visual analog scale (VAS) score from baseline. A random-effects NMA was used to compare the pain relief effects of the interventions over the short term (≤6 months) and long term (12 months). The rank of effect estimation for each intervention was computed using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Results A total of 10 RCTs with 715 patients met the inclusion criteria. Moderate evidence indicated that CRF denervation had a greater effect on pain relief than sham control in the short term (standardized mean difference (SMD) −1.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI) −2.98 to −0.18) and the long term (SMD −4.90, 95% CI, −5.86 to −3.94). Fair evidence indicated that PRF denervation was more effective than sham control for pain over the long term (SMD −1.30, 95% CI, −2.17 to −0.43). Fair evidence showed that ERFA denervation was more effective for pain relief than sham control in the short term (SMD −3.07, 95% CI, −5.81 to −0.32) and the long term (SMD −4.00, 95% CI, −4.95 to −3.05). Fair evidence showed that RF-FC denervation was more effective for pain relief than sham control in the long term (SMD −1.11, 95% CI, −2.07 to −0.15). A fair level of evidence indicated that PRF-DRG denervation was more effective for pain relief than sham control in the short term (SMD −5.34, 95% CI, −8.30 to −2.39). Conclusion RF is an effective option for patients diagnosed with facet joint-derived CLBP. Systematic Review Registration: Identifier: CRD42022298238.


Floral Characteristics: Flowers spreading to pendant, 1-8 , narrowly bell-shaped, dark greenish brown, reddish brown or brownish purple, sometimes s treaked or spotted with yellow, and ill-smelling. Tepals 6 , oblong-elliptic to elliptic -obovate, 20-30 x 7-12 mm. Nec taries obscure, linear, the same color and length as the tepals . Stamens inc luded in the perianth. Filaments s lender, scarcely twice the length of the anthers . Styles fused for about 2-3 mm above the ovary, the free portion 6-8 mm long, c lub-shaped, and s tigmatic only at the tip. Flowers May to July.


CRISPR-Cas9 system is widely used in gene editing because of its simple operation, flexibility, and high recognition and cleavage efficiency, and it also has the potential for usage in gene therapy. However, Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), the main component in the powerful system is too large to be transferred to target cells, which limits its application. So it is necessary to shorten the length of SpCas9. Previous studies revealed that SpCas9 executed its functions by several cooperate but relatively independent domains, so it is possible to optimize this protein section by section. Nevertheless, the integrated structure of SpCas9 and the information on domain interacting is still lacking in reported crystal structures. To solve this problem, this study analyzed the structure of SpCas9-sgRNA-DNA complex using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and dynamical network analysis. Firstly, the missing fragment of the existing crystal structure was completed to construct a ternary complex atomic structure containing full-length SpCas9 and non-complementary DNA strand. And then, after a long time MD simulation of this new structure, the interactions between domains of SpCas9 were analyzed by dynamical network analysis. Finally, we determined the key residues for SpCas9 domains to interact with each other. Compared with previous experimental results, the identified sites are critical amino acids for proper SpCas9 function. Thus, this study not only deepens the understanding of the working mechanisms of the CRIPSR-Cas9 system, but also offers important guidelines for the optimization and improvement of the system.


The present study aimed to measuring the conformity level of income tax accounting in Jordan with the requirements of ISA (12), and because of increasing to apply the international standards by local and foreign companies in Jordan and Jordanian legislations it's appear gap between the accounting profit and the tax profit caused Taxable temporary and permanent differences. The study seeks to achieve set of goals represented by studying and analyzing the compatibility level of income tax accounting by a questionnaire was distributed to 100 income and sales auditors working in the senior and moderate Taxpayers, directorates 85 questionnaires were retrieved and eighty were valid for the study's purposes, the major results that is the study found the income tax accounting in Jordan does not adhere to the requirements of most of the international accounting standards as there were no presentation to the financial statements, and There was no recognition of Taxable temporary differences and deductible temporary differences (the differences between accounting profit and taxable profit) in the income tax accounting in Jordan.


Progress in the development of computational methods for the characterization of chemical reactions in aerobraking orbit transfer vehicle (AOTV) propulsive flows is reported. Two main areas of code development were undertaken: (1) the implementation of CASSCF (complete active space self-consistent field) and SCF (self-consistent field) analytical first derivatives on the CRAY X-MP; and (2) the installation of the complete set of electronic structure codes on the CRAY 2. In the area of application calculations the main effort was devoted to performing full configuration-interaction calculations and using these results to benchmark other methods. Preprints describing some of the systems studied are included.


Taking global brands' products incorporating Chinese elements as test objects, this paper explores the effect of culture identity on purchasing likelihood in Chinese market. Empirical results show that cultural identity has a significantly positive impact on brand local icon value, which plays a completely mediating role in the effect of cultural identity on purchasing likelihood. Meanwhile, preference for authenticity positively moderates the indirect effect of cultural identity on purchasing likelihood. However, its role is mainly reflected in the second stage of the effect of cultural identity on purchasing likelihood. The theoretical significance of this paper lies in its introduction of cultural identity as an antecedent variable to explain the effectiveness of Chinese elements for the first time and the mediating role of brand local icon value. Besides, combining with related research like authenticity, this paper introduces the preference for authenticity to explain differences in the effects across market segments. The practical significance lies in that if multinationals want to leverage cultural identity of Chinese consumers to improve the competitiveness of global brands, they should place emphasis on making Chinese consumers perceive local icon value of global brands and differentiating between market segments with different preference for authenticity.


Large civil aircraft structures underlie strict design requirements such as damage tolerance to ensure safety during flight operation. When it comes to the joining of components of such structures, there is still not much confidence in the process of adhesive bonding. Thus, rivets and bolts are commonly used, despite the advent of more diverse material combinations used and the inherent weight penalty of above-mentioned conventional joining techniques in the aviation industry. To overcome the issues of classical structural bonding, the adhesive joint between metal and fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) can be supported by additively manufactured metallic pins which protrude into the composite material, resulting in so-called pinned hybrid joints. These pins enhance the joint's strength and damage tolerance compared to classical adhesive bonding while being more lightweight than mechanical fastening. However, numerous uncertainties from scattering material properties to sensible manufacturing processes remain. Structural health monitoring (SHM) of pinned hybrid joints may reduce these uncertainties significantly and guarantee the joint's integrity. The present work proposes a new multi-method SHM concept for pinned hybrid joints that applies piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) and electric contacting of the structure itself for sensing and a partly shared cable network. Thereby enabling various active and passive methods at low cabling effort. Possible methods and their features concerning sensing capability, self-diagnosis, evaluation reliability, installation location, and additional electrical contacting of the monitored structure are discussed with respect to their combined application potential and challenges.


The protein synthesis-dependent form of hippocampal long-term potentiation (late-LTP) is thought to underlie memory. Its induction requires a distinct stimulation strength, and the common opinion is that only repeated tetani result in late-LTP whereas as single tetanus only reveals a transient early-LTP. Properties of LTP induction were compared to learning processes where repetition is often the prerequisite for a long-lasting memory. However, also single events can lead to manifested memory. If LTP subserves processes of learning, similar results should be detectable for LTP. Here we show that a single tetanus is sufficient to induce late-LTP requiring dopaminergic co-transmission during induction.


In the past, when thermal diffusivity measurement of materials were carried out by photoacoustic signal detection using transducers, only the piezoelectric or the pyroelectric property of the transducers was considered. In case the transducer exhibits both piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties, one of these properties had been suppressed during the experimentation, obviously more errors are introduced this way. We use polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) as the detector for thermal waves. Since PVDF has both piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties, we show in this article that the signal detected by the transducer is a sum of both the piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects. Silicon semiconductor samples are considered in this article to compare the theory with experimental results. Although both the piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties are found in the resultant signal at all the frequency ranges considered, we find that when the samples are thermally thick, the piezoelectric contribution to the de...


In this paper we present the theoretical framework needed to justify the use of a kernel-based collocation method (meshfree approximation method) to estimate the solution of high-dimensional stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs). Using an implicit time-stepping scheme, we transform stochastic parabolic equations into stochastic elliptic equations. Our main attention is concentrated on the numerical solution of the elliptic equations at each time step. The estimator of the solution of the elliptic equations is given as a linear combination of reproducing kernels derived from the differential and boundary operators of the SPDE centred at collocation points to be chosen by the user. The random expansion coefficients are computed by solving a random system of linear equations. Numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the method.


Based on the origin and the development of the "eight sights",the characteristics and the historical of the eight sights were found,which were not given the important view.The influences of the "eight sights" on modern landsacape design in local rigion aspects were summarized.The research of the "eitht sights" will have practical significance to the development of modern landscape in China were pointed out.


589 Background: Early breast cancer (EBC) and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) represents major health problems. Tamoxifen has since the late 1970s been a backbone in the treatment of hormone receptor positive (HR+) MBC and EBC, and lately also for primary prevention. Trastuzumab has since 2000 in the EU been the drug of choice for HER2+ MBC and from 2005 also in EBC. Methods: Sweden had in the end of the 1970s around 4500 and at present around 8000 new cases of EBC. Mortality has been stable over time with about 1500 patients dying annually. Tamoxifen was first introduced in the 1970s in the treatment of MBC. From 1985 and onwards it has been used extensively in EBC with adjuvant treatment times starting with a 1 year treatment period, which in the mid-1990ies was extended to 5 years. Trastuzumab was introduced in MBC in 2000 and became standard in the adjuvant setting in 2005-2006. We have calculated the value of the use of the two drugs from a societal perspective for two periods; 1979-2004 for tamoxifen...


In this paper experimentally determined values are reported for the thermal diffusivity (k) of various rubberlike polymers. Corresponding values of the thermal conductivity (W) can be computed from the well-known relationship, W = kpcp, where p and cp denote the density and specific heat at constant pressure of the composition. Measurements were made on (a) pure gum stocks prepared with natural rubber, Butyl (GR-I), Perbunan 18, Perbunan 26, Perbunan 35, Buna S (GR-S), polybutadiene, neoprene GN, polyisoprene, Silastic 160, and Silastic 180; (b) pure gum stocks of the first five rubbers listed under (a) containing in addition 20 parts of a hydrocarbon softener (Bardol), based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer; and (c) the Bardol stocks containing in addition 54 parts of carbon black (Kosmobile 66). From measurements of the rate of change of temperature within a rubber sphere suddenly subjected to a change in its surface temperature, it was found possible to determine the dependence of k on temperature. A satisfactory definition of the "mean" temperature of a sphere under these conditions is described. In a discussion of the effect of chemical composition and structure on heat conduction, the bearing of hindered rotation, cross linking and branching and interatomic bond strength on the results is pointed out. Values are derived for certain other properties of some of the polymers, including their characteristic Debye temperatures, specific heats at constant volume, flexibility of the main valence chains, compressibilities, and sound velocities.


This paper presents a high-efficiency low-power permanent magnet (PM) generator for the power supply of the exciter. In the conventional generator system, the power for the exciter is fed by the generator output power or an emergency battery for the starting. The proposed low-power PM generator can generate the proper power and voltage to excite the exciter field winding. According to the generator starting, the designed PM generator can supply the constant voltage to the Automatic Voltage Regulator (A VR), then it can be used to control of exciter field current for the generator. Because of the designed PM generator inside of the conventional generator system, the emergency battery and Potential Transducer (PT) for A VR can be removed. Therefore, the total efficiency can be improved. The proposed system is validated experimentally.


We consider selecting the top-m alternatives from a finite number of alternatives via Monte Carlo simulation. Under a Bayesian framework, we formulate the sampling decision as a stochastic dynamic programming problem and develop a sequential sam-pling policy that maximizes a value function approximation one-step look ahead. To show the asymptotic optimality of the proposed procedure, the asymptotically optimal sampling ratios that optimize the large deviations rate of the probability of false selection for select-ing the top-m alternatives have been rigorously defined. The proposed sampling policy is not only proved to be consistent but also achieve the asymptotically optimal sampling ratios. Numerical experiments demonstrate superiority of the proposed allocation proce-dure over existing ones.


of the just war tradition and offers some concluding "extrapolations." Given his deep appreciation for this tradition and for Reinhold Niebuhr, most of Johnson's opinions are predictable, such as his rejection of pacifism and his desire that the nuclear powers dismantle today's strategic and "dirty" tactical nuclear weapons and build more discriminating, proportional weapons such as the neutron bomb. But other extrapolations are more surprising, particularly his condemnation of the nuclear powers' strategy of fear and his belief that humanity has the opportunity and the duty to bring history under human moral control. Johnson is to be congratulated for his informative, well-written analysis of the hybrid, evolving just war tradition. But his faith that it will save us needs careful examination. Is the witness of today's Christian community to be grounded in a pre-atomic age Christendom which no longer exists? Or could it be that a salty, suffering, less compromised Christianity is the good news for our time?


In this chapter, the author collects and republishes the sacred laws from mainland Greece, the colonies, and the islands, with the exception of Cos, published after the appearance of Sokolowski's Lois sacrees des cites grecques in 1969. The chapter discusses the following parts: lemma, text, translation, restorations, epigraphical commentary, and commentary. In his Rationes Centisimarum, Amsterdam, 1997, 203, S.D. Lambert tentatively takes the present offering to Cephalus as an indication that the location of the genos Cephalidae was in the area of Cephale and Thorikos. The entry in the Erchian calendar suggests that the deme of Erchia contributed a victim to the event at Agrai. Sanctuaries of the Pythian Apollo are attested in several places in Attica.Keywords: Attica; Erchian calendar; sacred laws; Thorikos


Resistant starch (RS) is starch fraction which is not digested by human starch degrading enzyme, and it will thus undergo bacterial fermentation in the colon. The main fermentation products are Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA): acetate, propionate and butyrate. The Fermentation products were able to inhibit the proliferation and to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cell. The apoptosis occured through mitochondrial pathway by changing the expression of pro-apoptosis related gene of Bax toward antiapoptosis related gene of Bcl-2.


Oil-immersed power equipment, even when equipped with complete relay protection devices, is still exposed to a risk of rupture and explosion. During an internal arcing fault, such equipment will suffer from overpressure before the fault current is interrupted by circuit breakers. In this letter, a novel approach based on metal foam is proposed for preventing oil-filled equipment rupture. Specifically, density-layered aluminum foam sandwich panels are designed for use as sacrificial claddings to promptly mitigate arc-induced overpressure by absorbing energy through deformation. An actual arcing fault test platform with two limited closed tanks was established, and a multicharacteristic measurement system with pressure sensors and laser displacement sensors was used. Field arcing test results under various fault levels demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method. Furthermore, the detailed morphology of metal foam, observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), indicates that the impact energy was partially absorbed through microscopic deformation. The proposed method provides new insight into fast overpressure mitigation and serves as a potential countermeasure to the challenging problem of equipment rupture.


Nanocrystallized zirconium carbide (ZrC) powder was synthesized by an aqueous solution-based process using zirconium acetate and sucrose as starting reagents. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was used to combine the reactants to form a suitable precursor for ZrC. Through such a novel aqueous solution-based process, fine-scale mixing of the reactants is achieved in an environmentally friendly manner. The formed precursor can be converted to ZrC by carbothermal reduction reaction at 1600–1650 °C. Thanks to a limited amount of residual free carbon, the as-synthesized ZrC powder had an ultra-fine particle size (50–100 nm) and a low oxygen content less than 1.0 wt%. The conversion mechanisms from as-synthesized pre-ceramic precursor to ZrC powder were investigated systematically and revealed by means of FTIR, TG-DSC, XRD, Raman, SEM and TEM.


The History of Mr Charles Fitzgerald and Miss Sarah Stapleton (Dublin, 1770) is a satirical marriage-plot novel, published by the Roman Catholic bookseller James Hoey Junior. The essay argues that ...


The counting side of combinatorics - dealing with asymptotic enumeration of natural combinatorial structures and tools from analysis and algebra to derive and to evaluate - proved to be extremely useful and influential in the average case analysis of algorithms and data processing. (It is hard to overestimate the importance of the performance analysis of fundamental algorithms working in the background of all computing devices, such as QuickSort, or LZ compression.) The course will address the basic tools and results in this area, sitting at the border of discrete mathematics, complex variables, probability theory. We will use primarily the (freely available) book Analytic Combinatorics by Flajolet and Sedgewick; with some additions here and there.


Orogenesis is increasingly interpreted in terms of strain focusing, localization and partitioning processes. Such heterogeneous deformation is considered a consequence of the tectonic framework, with pre-existing structural and stratigraphic variability providing inherent zones of crustal weakness. Detailed structural investigation of Neoproterozoic Dalradian metasediments in the Glencolumbkille region, northwest Ireland, enables patterns of reworking and strain localization to be assessed in terms of four overprinting ductile deformation episodes. A well-defined and intricate Dalradian stratigraphy provides readily distinguishable markers which not only focus deformation along marked rheological boundaries, but also aid in the definition and identification of resultant geometries. Overall structural and stratigraphic relationships show that whilst D1 was not associated with major structures, D2 is related to north–northeast directed folding and ductile thrusting resulting in a major phase of crustal thickening and almandine-amphibolite facies metamorphism. Structures generated during D2 deformation subsequently became the locus of intense D3 strain and were reactivated in an oblique sense associated with south or southwest directed translations. Local overprinting relationships clearly demonstrate S2 fabrics being transposed by S3 resulting in a composite foliation over large areas. Similarly, the L2 mineral lineation is abruptly transposed by L3 over relatively small distances indicating high D3 strain gradients and the susceptibility of lineations to reworking. The final stage of ductile deformation (D4) which was increasingly localized and focused into earlier (D2−D3) high strain zones, is marked by a pronounced phase of sinistral transpression associated with clockwise cleavage and minor fold transection of northwest verging upright folds. Sinistral shear is strongly partitioned in to the steep limbs of mesoscopic F4 folds. The detailed investigation of structures generated within such multiply deformed and reworked zones provides evidence of both the kinematic and tectonic evolution of regional deformation systems.


It is enough to say that one of imperative issues in the limited liability company(LLC) is the loose regulation for creditor protection, basically...


Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic hit Indian states at varying speed, it is crucial to investigate the geographical pattern in COVID-19. We analyzed the geographical pattern of COVID-19 prevalence and mortality by the phase of national lockdown in India. Method: Using publicly available compiled data on COVID-19, we estimated the trends in new cases, period-prevalence rate (PPR), case recovery rate (CRR), and case fatality ratio (CFR) at national, state and district level. Findings: The age and sex are missing for more than 60 percent of the COVID-19 patients. There is an exponential increase in COVID-19 cases both at national and sub-national levels. The COVID-19 infected has jumped about 235 times ( from 567 cases in the pre-lockdown period to 1,33,669 in the fourth lockdown); the average daily new cases have increased from 57 in the first lockdown to 6,482 in the fourth lockdown; the average daily recovered persons from 4 to 3,819; the average daily death from 1 to 163. From first to the third lockdown, PPR (0.04 to 5.94), CRR (7.05 to 30.35) and CFR (1.76 to 1.89) have consistently escalated. At state-level, the maximum number of COVID-19 cases is found in the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, and Gujarat contributing 66.75 percent of total cases. Whereas no cases found in some states, Kerela is the only state flattening the COVID-19 curve. The PPR is found to be highest in Delhi, followed by Maharastra. The highest recovery rate is observed in Kerala, till second lockdown; and in Andhra Pradesh in third lockdown. The highest case fatality ratio in the fourth lockdown is observed in Gujarat and Telangana. A few districts viz. like Mumbai (96.7); Chennai (63.66) and Ahmedabad (62.04) have the highest infection rate per 100 thousand population. Spatial analysis shows that clusters in Konkan coast especially in Maharashtra (Palghar, Mumbai, Thane and Pune); southern part from Tamil Nadu (Chennai, Chengalpattu and Thiruvallur), and the northern part of Jammu & Kashmir (Anantnag, Kulgam) are hot-spots for COVID-19 infection while central, northern and north-eastern regions of India are the cold-spots. Conclusion: India has been experiencing a rapid increase of COVID-19 cases since the second lockdown phase. There is huge geographical variation in COVID-19 pandemic with a concentration in some major cities and states while disaggregated data at local levels allows understanding the geographical disparity of the pandemic, the lack of age-sex information of the COVID-19 patients forbids to investigate the individual pattern of COVID-19 burden. Keyword: COVID-19; India; Case Fatality Rate; Case Recovery Rate; Period Prevalence Rate; Geographical variation


I argue that the Hume of the Treatise maintains an account of knowledge according to which (i) every instance of knowledge must be an immediately present perception (i.e., an impression or an idea); (ii) an object of this perception must be a token of a knowable relation; (iii) this token knowable relation must have parts of the instance of knowledge as relata (i.e., the same perception that has it as an object); and any perception that satisfies (i)–(iii) is an instance of knowledge. I then apply this account to the case of sense perception. I argue that Hume holds that relations of impressions can be intuited, are knowable, and are necessary. For Hume, these relations constitute sensory knowledge. While Hume is rightly labeled an empiricist for many reasons, a close inspection of his account of knowledge reveals yet another way in which he deserves the label.


The development of environmentally friendly processes with limited generation of polluting streams to attain sustainable utilization of raw materials is encouraged. The implementation of novel extraction technologies more efficient, selective and with lower energy consumption than conventional ones, can help in achieving this objective. Particularly promising are aqueous based methods, since water is a cheap, safe and abundant solvent and the limited use of toxic organic solvents is a consumer's, ecological and processing demand. The benefits and the limiting aspects of microwave assisted water extraction, either adding water as the only solvent or in solvent free processes, using the naturally present water in vegetal materials for the extraction of valuable components from renewable vegetal sources are highlighted and the potential of this technique for industrial applications is discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry


Abstract A 4.4 kg, a 6-year-old Domestic Shorthair male neutered outdoor cat was diagnosed with an isolated traumatic cranial luxation of the left radial head. Surgical stabilization was achieved using a mini TightRope system (Arthrex Vet Systems, Naples, Florida, United States) to hold the radial head to the ulna without attempting to reconstruct the annular ligament. A range of motion within the normal range was achieved after reduction. At 7-week follow-up after surgery, the cat was walking without lameness; at follow-up by telephone 3 years postoperatively, the owner described the overall quality of life as excellent with good mobility in everyday activities such as jumping, running, and playing. Many publications in veterinary medicine detail congenital radial head luxation, Monteggia lesions, or complete elbow luxation, but traumatic radial head luxation is barely cited as the occurrence is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a feline isolated traumatic radial head luxation managed with this technique.


Let $X = \{X(t),\ t \ge 0\}$ be a locally bounded and infinitely divisible stochastic process, with no Gaussian component, that is self-similar with index $H > 0$. For given constants $c > 0$ and $\gamma > H$, consider the storage process $$Y(t) = \sup_{s \ge t}\big(X(s) - X(t) - c(s-t)^\gamma\big)\quad \text{for} t \ge 0.$$ There has been considerable interest in recent years in the study of the behavior of the following probability of overload during the time period $[0, t]$: $${\bf P}\left\{\sup_{s \in [0, t]} Y(s) > u\right\}\quad \text{as}\ u \to \infty.$$


A non-invasive approach has been developed and applied to measure the flux of specific ions that enter and exit cells or tissues (1, 2). The NVPi adds, to the ion measurement echnology of specific ion electrodes, an oscillation of the electrode over a short distance, 6r, typically 10 pm, which allows the estimation of the concentration gradient of the ion in the direction of oscillation. The NVPr has been calibrated previously in the single dimension of oscillation, but the fit of the observed to the expected pctv difference was poor close to the source (2). Recent addition of two parametets-distance to infinite source, r. , and the electrode efficiency, effto the theoretical formula for predicting PV difference (2) allow the expected PV differences relative to the source to be modeled accurately over all radial distances from the source. The parameter r. is needed because it is clear that the point of closest approach to the source is some distance, ro, away from an infinite source. The parameter eff is needed to account for the inability of the microelectrodes to fully respond to the gradients being measured within the time constraints of the oscillation cycle. At 0.3 Hz, the electrode is able to make one measurement of a calcium gradient in one direction in about 3 s with an efficiency of 50%. If the oscillation is increased to 0.5 Hz, the efficiency drops to 30%. After the development of routines for oscillating in three dimensions and collecting three-dimensional data (Fig. I), the advantages of a method of 3-D calibmtion become a consideration. The most important technical advantage of a 3-D calibration is that it removes an obligation of the probe operator to position the probe precisely on the diffusional axis of the ion source, an exacting and time-consuming task in three dimensions. The theoretical advantage of the 3-D calibration is that it should conform to the law of conservation of charge moving through concentric shells about the source. The artificial diffusional source of ions provides a physical standard from which an observed dose-response curve and the efficiency of the probe can be estimated. The coacentration of the ion of interest can be predicted knowing the radial distance from the source to the measurement point. Such a source has been used to create a calibration in a single dimension. A correct 1-D calibration is only obtained when measurements are made on a diffusional axis emanating from the source. Until now the 3-D version of the NVPr has been calibrated by using this artificial source and applying the 1-D predictive equation. However, a method incorporating all of the strengths of the 3-D approach would now be beneficial. A 3-D collection of data typically results in a 7 X 7 X 7 grid of 343 individual, equispaced, 3-D observation vectors, dVo = Ouk = {PVxr, PVyj, PVZ~; i,j, k = 0 . . . 6}, of /LVdifferences with element OsoJ at the nominal point of closest approach to the diffusional source which has geometric location {x3, yo, z3} = {O,O,O} (Fig. 1). If one gradient estimate were made for each dimension at each grid position at 0.3 Hz, the time to complete each 7 X 7 plane of data would be (3 X 7 X 7 X 3 s) = 7 min 21 s. The resultant planes of 49 dVos can be dv,, in XI plrar, at y = 0. 60


Abstract It has been nearly 55 years since the United States enacted the Clean Water Act (CWA) in which natural resource damages (NRD) were codified.1 The NRD cause of action, originally derived fr...


Objective: To investigate the basic pattern types and their main symptom features of influenza. Methods: The literature of influenza were collected from CBM, CNKI and TCM, the criterion and the database of TCM syndrome of influenza were set up, SPSS for windows 13.0 software was adopted for statistical description with Logistic regression and cluster analysis. Results: The sum of the literature meeting the requirement was 54, with 111 items concerning the pattern types. The main pattern types with higher incidence frequencies included syndrome of wind-heat (24.32%), syndrome of heat-toxicity blocking lung (13.51%), syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung (12.61%), syndrome of exuberance of lung-stomach heat (11.71%), syndrome of lingering pathogen due to deficient vital qi (10.81%), syndrome of superficies cold and interior heat (7.21%), syndrome of wind-cold (6.31%), syndrome of invasion of pericardium by heat (3.60%), and the others (9.92%). The accuracy of pattern identification of Logistic regression equations based on the symptom features of various pattern types were more than 88 percent; combined with the professional knowledge, in the cluster analysis for main symptoms, 10 clusters were acquired. Conclusion: The common patterns of influenza were syndrome of wind-cold, syndrome of wind-heat, syndrome of heat-toxic blocking lung, syndrome of exuberance of lung-stomach heat, syndrome of phlegm-heat blocking lung, and so on. And this can provide references for the further study of pattern identification on influenza in the future.


This paper presents a comprehensive survey on acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) mechanisms used in free-space optical (FSO) communications systems. ATP mechanisms are a critical component for a wide variety of use cases of mobile FSO communications. ATP mechanisms are used to align an FSO transmitter and receiver to attain line-of-sight, which is required for effective operation of FSO communications. Transceiver motion is not only associated to mobile stations but also to temporary displacements experienced by stationary FSO terminals, such as in building-to-building FSO communications. This survey categorizes ATP mechanisms according to their working principles, use cases, and implementation technology. This paper also discusses advantages and disadvantages of the surveyed ATP mechanisms, and presents a discussion on challenges and future research.


The single event effect (SEE) response of devices and differential pairs in a 32-nm SOI CMOS technology is explored using laser-induced carrier injection and TCAD simulations. Both nFETs and pFETs in this technology exhibit similar sensitive area to laser-induced SEE and are strongly dependent on the drain bias condition. TCAD simulations were conducted in order to confirm results and utilize a 3-D mixed-mode simulation approach to more accurately model testing conditions. The differential pair (diff. pair) circuit SEE response extends the discussion to include the use of these devices in a core analog/RF circuit block. The analysis includes the use of floating body (FB) and body-connected (BC) devices. Body-connected FETs tend to exhibit a transient response that is much shorter in duration when compared directly to its floating body counterpart.


This paper describes how a microcomputer is used for analysis of inventory trends to optimize inventory investment and customer service level in a distribution environment with uncertain demand, and to support an inventory subsystem resident on a main computer.


1. The Regulatory Superstructure 2. Corporate Governance 3. Securities Offerings 4. Regulation and Liability in Securities Offerings 5. Acquisitions 6. Joint Ventures 7. Management Buy-outs 8. Takeovers 9. Corporate Creativity 10. Company Rescues and Failures 11. Case Study


University library book recommendation in recent ten years can be divided into two categories from the content.They are book recommendation of experience and information technology.There are many researchers of Apriofi recommendation algorithm of Association Rules.These studies summarized the work experience of book recommendation of university library.It focuses on the usage and improvement of information technology and it will improve the efficiency of book recommendation.


The rating of soil compaction potential of agricultural tyres, in term Field Compaction Capacity (FCC index), is presented in the paper. Principal task of tyre FCC is used to predict a compaction risk of tyre under arbitrary combinations with inflation pressure and tyre load. FCC improves the originally used Compaction Capacity of tyre (tyre CC-rating) that expresses a compaction potential of single nominal tyre's contact footprint area for every catalogues load limits i.e. speed level under 10 km h and relevant inflation pressures exclusively. Primarily, FCC evaluation of tyre includes a calculation of standardized tyre footprint contact area. Adequate combinations of load limits and inflation pressure are used in a range of nominal tyre manufacture's dimensions ('catalogue size') according to ETRTO standards. The contact area size strictly depends on coefficient of tyre stiffness and sidewall deflection; both of them are a function of inflation pressure. Compaction effect of standardized contact area size is converted using compaction function in given contact pressure range. Databank of soil compaction functions for original CC evaluation is unchanged. The soil dry density limit in FCC conception corresponds with tyre CC approach since adequate (individual) mean contact pressure can be converted into compaction function i.e. the application of the same conversion rule for combination: actual versus standardized contact area size; actual versus nominal load, both for corresponding inflation pressure level. Critical soil dry density values for every soil type are set according to pedologic standards. FCC index offers a realistic prediction of the compaction level for any soil type under individual combination of tyre size, load and inflation pressure in depths 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm below a ground surface. It must be considered as the advantageous indicator of ecological tyre operations on cultivated crop-producing land.


The 9th International Workshop on Accelerator Alignment (IWAA06) took place at SLAC from September 25th to 29th of 2006. On Monday many participants registered for the event and took part in an ice-breaker reception sponsored by FARO Technologies. Following this, four days of talks and discussion began with status reports and presentations from various accelerators or similar laboratories around the world. Subsequent talks ranged from large-scale metrology, integrating and adjusting survey data, survey instrumentation and presentations on monitoring systems. This event included ongoing poster displays and a vendor exhibition. In these proceedings the presentations, papers and posters of the IWAA06 participants are available for online review.


Meiosis begins with DNA replication followed by homologous recombination and nuclear divisions. Since programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were discovered to initiate meiotic recombination, e...


Activated carbon which has a high adsorption capacity for the adsorbate. Activated carbon can be produced from materials containing carbon or charcoal was treated in a certain way to gain more surface area. The research goal was to process acacia pod into a activated carbon and determine the adsorption power of the ion Cr (VI). The dried acacia pod was carbonated in a sealed drum to produced charcoal / carbon. Charcoal was crushed into a particle size of 100 mesh. Charcoals with a size of 100 mesh were activated physically and chemically. The activation process of carbon physically carried out at a temperature of 200, 300 and 400 oC. While chemically, activated carbon was done by used Na2CO3 as an activator. Carbon/charcoal was soaked in a solution of Na2CO3 for 24 hours. Furthermore, it was separated from the solution of Na2CO3 and dried at a temperature of 105 oC. Activated carbon obtained both physically and chemically characterized to determine such as ash content, moisture content and adsorption power of the metilen blue solution and Cr(VI) in solution. The results showed that the carbon which activation under a temperature of 400 oC was the best activated carbon has a water content of 1.5%, ash content of 2.3%, adsorption power of the metilen blue 99,81% and the adsorption power of the ion Cr(VI) 87,72%
Keywords : Adsorption, Physics Activation, Chemical Activation, Activated Carbon and acacia pod


test). By contrast, the platelet counts at baseline and M6 were similar (166 64 109/l versus 165 62 109/l) among nonresponders. Thus, the platelet component of APRI may more closely reflect the ongoing change in hepatic fibrosis after interferon-based therapy than the present proposed scoring systems. Taken together, the APRI determined after interferon-based therapy may not only correlate well with SVR and sustained biochemical response, but also with the slow, but significant regression of hepatic fibrosis. All the factors have been important factors associated with long-term outcome of liver disease.4,7 Because patients with cirrhosis with and without an SVR are at risk of HCC, universal close follow-up is recommended in clinical practice and may overcome the limitation of APRI-M6 prediction for the subgroup. Nevertheless, with optimized cut-off values of APRI-M6, we could identify patients at risk for HCC development in low-risk groups (sustained responders and patients without cirrhosis). These results could provide decision-making information for scheduling follow-up intervals to detect HCC early.


Reverse discrimination is problematic and should be eliminated, but European Union (EU) law provides no direct means of doing so because it lies beyond its competence and there are limits to the possibilities of judicial intervention in order to resolve reverse discrimination. This chapter approaches this issue from a different angle, using tools from political science to seek to understand why differential treatment with regard to family reunification appears to persist and deepen. Following which it outlines a typology of family reunification cases in the EU. The chapter proposes an overarching explanation of the increasing fragmentation of rights to family reunification drawing on historical institutionalism and policy transfer theories. Finally, it discusses the paradoxical role of free of movement in accessing family reunification rights, and suggests that a new intersection of paths may occur whereby Member States find new ways of restricting family reunification for free movers. Keywords:European Union (EU); family reunification rights; free movement; reverse discrimination


This post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial investigates the effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of relapse or death in a subgroup of patients with digestive tract cancer who were p53 immunoreactive.


Almost 15 years have passed since the All-Union Conference on the Effectiveness of Capital Investments was held (l),1 3 years have elapsed since the publication of the first edition of the -Standard Methods for Determining the Economic Effectiveness of Capital Investments and New Equipment in the USSR National Economy [Tipovaia metodika opredeleniia ekonomicheskoi effektivnosti kapital'nykh vlozhenii i novoi tekhniki v narodnom khoziaistve SSSR], and the second edition of these methods has been in operation for almost 4 years. Based on these methods, numerous branch instructions have been elaborated for calculating the effectiveness of new equipment and capital investments. The experience derived from their application is becoming increasingly broad.


Deposits in this class have been widely described and given many names: • Mesothermal gold • Mother lode type • Homestake type • Low-sulfide quartz gold • Gold-only deposits • Quartz-carbonate lode gold • Synorogenic gold • Turbidite hosted gold • Structurally hosted vein systems in metamorphic terranes Recent work by Groves and others (1998) suggested that orogenic ought to be the central focus in the title describing these deposits. The unifying theme is the tectonic setting.


Abstract We consider the optimal proportional reinsurance from an insurer's point of view to maximize the expected utility and minimize the value at risk. Under the general premium principle, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the optimal strategies and Pareto optimal solution, and give the relationship between the optimal strategies. Furthermore, we study the optimization problem with the variance premium principle. When the total claim sizes are normally distributed, explicit expressions for the optimal strategies and Pareto optimal solution are obtained. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to show the impact of the major model parameters on the optimal results.


Submitted for the DPP09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Overview of Recent Research on the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak AMANDA HUBBARD, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, AND THE ALCATOR C-MOD TEAM1 — Recent experiments on Alcator C-Mod exploit high power density RF heating and current drive and metal walls, focusing on key issues for ITER. These include hydrogenic retention in metal walls, and impurity generation by RF sheaths. New edge diagnostics and coated tiles have been added to study sheath effects, as well as divertor and SOL heat flux widths. SOL turbulence has been compared to gyrofluid simulations. Improved lower hybrid and ion cyclotron models, both ray tracing and full wave, are benchmarked against experiments. Assessment of LHCD at high densities, and rotation generated by both mode converted ICRF and LHCD, are of particular interest. Transport studies include assessment of rotation in internal transport barriers, particle transport and peaking in low collisionality discharges, and comparison of core turbulence with GYRO. The "improved L-Mode" regime, featuring a Te pedestal without a particle barrier, has been extended to longer durations and reached HITER−98−Y 2 ∼ 1.0. Disruption and gas jet mitigation experiments show runaways, seeded by LHCD, are suppressed by stochastic transport. 1Supported by the USDOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. Amanda Hubbard MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center Date submitted: 18 Jul 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


This article considers transportation disruptions and its detrimental impact on the quality of the enroute shipment. The authors consider a supply chain system of a short life cycle product that has a capacitated supplier, a retailer and multiple routes of transportation under different disruption risks, uncertain cost of transportation, and uncertain demands. The authors investigate a hybrid problem in which the firm needs to develop a suitable distribution strategy under disruption risks along with an optimal checking policy when faced with the supply of varying quantities of damaged items. The authors formulate a non-linear mathematical model in which the overall objective is to maximise the expected profit and to help the firm in decision making under uncertain environments. Lastly, a statistical study is carried out to perform uncertainty analysis.


Building upon research that theorizes and documents students' perceptions of race, racial attitudes, and treatment by teachers, this article explores the impact of resegregation on how children of Color see and experience race in schools, specifically in relation to their teachers. Drawing upon our interpretations of a White preservice teacher's interactions with two African American elementary students, the students' awareness of her race, and their subsequent "racialized" perceptions of her effectiveness as a teacher, we explore the domino effects of racial and economic segregation on young children's schooling experiences, particularly as they relate to their relationships with teachers.


The aim of this study was to estimate the Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) received from chest X-ray examinations in pediatric patients .The study was conducted in the Military Hospital at Omdurman . 64 patients were included in the study and were classified into five age groups(>1year),(1->5 years ),(5->10 years),(10>15 year and (15years) Calculations were performed using exposure factors, KVp, mAS and FSD, together with patient data ( age, height in cm. , and weight in Kg.). Two examination projections have been investigated, namely Anteroposterior (AP) and postero-anterior (PA) .The ESD values were calculated , analyzed using statistical analysis methods and compared with International dose references .The ESD was determined by using the equation : ESD=c (kvp /FSD ) × (mAS /AL ) . The Entrance Skin Dose was found to be, 60 μGy for children up to 1 year, 60 μGy for(15 )years, 120 μGy for(510 )years and 150 μGy for(1015) years old children. These values are within the International reference levels and it has been found that the ESD increases with the age & the


This paper presents an inductorless static 2:1 frequency divider operating up to 60 GHz. In order to save the chip area no peaking inductors are used in this design. Alternatively, to achieve the high operating frequency, the range is extended by asymmetrical sizing of the data and latch transistors and by reducing the load of the following buffer stage. The load reduction is achieved by means of a gate-drain capacitance neutralization in the following differential buffer stage. The circuit is realized in a 28 nm CMOS technology. Measurements show that the divider exhibits a maximum operating frequency of 60 GHz and features an input sensitivity below 0 dBm over a broad input frequency range of 34 GHz. The divider core consumes 7.3 mA from a single 0.9 V supply.


Background: Bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against vascularendothelial growth factor(VEGF), is widely used in current cancer treatments. It isthe first angiogenesis inhibitor approved as afirst line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in 2007, and it has also been approved for the treatment of advanced non small cell lung cancer in 2009. Bevacizumab is associated with substantial adverse effects, such as hypertension, proteinuria, bleeding, and so on. However, the risk of these adverse effects reported in clinical trials has not been completely consistent. It has not ever been compared the frequency and severityof the adverse effects in tumor types or dose differences. To address this issue, we compared adverse effects of bevacizumab between lung cancerand colon cancer. Methods: We retrospectivelyanalyzed lung cancer patients who received bevacizumab in Kansai Medical University Hospital between 2009 to 2014, and colon cancer patients who received between 2007 to 2014. Results: In 317 lung cancer patients (median age: 68 years), median treatment period was 265 days. Adverse effects were proteinuria(38%), bleeding(20%), hypertension (8%), and severadverse effects including perforation orarterial and venous thromboembolic events were observed in 5% patient. In 247 colon cancer patients (median age: 67 years), median treatment period was 287 days. Adverse effects were proteinuria(46%), hypertension(12%), and sever adverse effects were seen in 1% patient. Conclusions: Treatment period was longer in colon cancer patients because it is allowed to use bevacizumab beyond progression of the disease. In adverse effects, proteinuria was seen in both cancer. Bleeding was seen more in lung cancer, although hypertension was more in colon cancer. These differences might be caused by the difference of dose or patient ' s background. We will report the some factors which influence to the adverse effects.


The role of religion in the stages of the migration process has been overlooked by both immigration and sociology of religion scholars. This article draws on the migratory and religious history of a transnational Maya community with members in the western highlands of Guatemala and Houston, Texas. Drawing on field research of Mayas in both the sending and receiving areas, we show how migrants use religion in the following stages of the migration process: 1) decisionmaking; 2) preparing for the trip; 3) the journey; 4) the arrival; 5) the role of the ethnic church in immigrant settlement; and 6) the development of transnational linkages.


By using an universal testing machine to stretch PA6,the temperature distribution on the surfaces of specimens were monitored by a thermal infrared radiation detector.The relationships between the stress and strain,the maximum infrared radiation temperature and time,and the maximum infrared radiation temperature and plastic work were analyzed under three different loading speeds,10mm/min,20mm/min and 50mm/min.The experimental results show that the maximum temperature amplification of specimen surface during necking and neck propagation positively increased with increasing loading speed,and the speed of transforming plastic work partly into heat increased with increasing the loading speed too.


57 ABSTRACT Novel isoquinoline acetic acids and derivatives thereof useful as aldose reductase inhibitors and as therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic diabetic complica tions, especially diabetic cataracts are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing the novel compounds of this invention and a method of treatment of diabetic cataracts by administration of effective amounts of the novel compounds described herein.


The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii dramatically reprograms the transcriptome of host cells it infects, including substantially up-regulating the host oncogene c -myc . By applying a flow cytometry-based selection to infected mouse cells expressing green fluorescent protein fused to c-Myc (c-Myc–GFP), we isolated mutant tachyzoites defective in this host c-Myc up-regulation. Whole-genome sequencing of three such mutants led to the identification of MYR1 (Myc regulation 1; TGGT1_254470 ) as essential for c-Myc induction. MYR1 is a secreted protein that requires TgASP5 to be cleaved into two stable portions, both of which are ultimately found within the parasitophorous vacuole and at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Deletion of MYR1 revealed that in addition to its requirement for c-Myc up-regulation, the MYR1 protein is needed for the ability of Toxoplasma tachyzoites to modulate several other important host pathways, including those mediated by the dense granule effectors GRA16 and GRA24. This result, combined with its location at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, suggested that MYR1 might be a component of the machinery that translocates Toxoplasma effectors from the parasitophorous vacuole into the host cytosol. Support for this possibility was obtained by showing that transit of GRA24 to the host nucleus is indeed MYR1-dependent. As predicted by this pleiotropic phenotype, parasites deficient in MYR1 were found to be severely attenuated in a mouse model of infection. We conclude, therefore, that MYR1 is a novel protein that plays a critical role in how Toxoplasma delivers effector proteins to the infected host cell and that this is crucial to virulence. Hammondia hammondi and Neospora caninum . The orthologue of MYR1 present in the very closely related H. hammondi ( HHA_254470 ) is 87% identical at the amino acid level, as expected, but in N. caninum ( NCLIV_008760 ), there is only ~45% predicted protein identity relative to the Toxoplasma (GT1) protein (ToxoDB v25). No convincing homologue is detectable in Sarcocystis neurona or the more distantly related apicomplexan genera Eimeria and Plasmodium . These results suggest a function specific to a subset of the tissue-dwelling coccidia. we