Samples of 0.4Li2MnO3·0.6LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (LMO) with tunable morphologies were synthesized via polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a template. The starting PAN/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) ratios, including 1:9, 1:10, 1:12, and 1:14, were optimized for the fiber morphologies and electrochemical performance. Through electrospinning, metal salts were well dispersed in the PAN fibers. The crystal structure and morphologies of the PAN/LMO fibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. Along with the decrease in the concentration of PAN in the precursor, the diameters of the PAN/LMO fibers decreased. On the other hand, at the highest and lowest concentrations, 1:9 and 1:14, of PAN with DMF, micrometer PAN fibers were electrospun, whereas ratios of PAN to DMF of 1:10 and 1:12 resulted in the electrospinning of millimeter-long fibers of PAN. In the interface of PAN and metal salts, LMOs were grown and accompanied the decomposition of PAN, and the crystal morphologies of LMO quite depended on the diameter and length of the PAN/LMO nanofibers. During heat treatment, the morphologies of the PAN fibers controlled the removal of small molecules and the crystal morphologies of LMOs. The charge/discharge results indicate that LMO with a tubular structure delivered a capacity of 262.3 mAh/g at a cutoff voltage of 2.5–4.8 V at a 0.1 C rate. Benefitting from a unique hollow and nanocrystalline architecture, it also exhibited good rate and cycling performances. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43022.


propriety of the use of water service pipes for the purpose of protective grounding of electrical installations has been discussed since the practice began about thirty years ago. When the permission to use water pipes for this service was first requested, it was represented that there would be no current interchange over these connections except at the infrequent intervals when they were exercising their protective functions. It is now demonstrated that, in many cases, from 25 to 75 per cent of the normal alternating current load travels through the grounding connection and over the water service pipe. When the 1940 Electrical Code was presented for approval to the A. W. W. A. representative on the A. S. A. Council, its phraseology on the topic of grounding appeared to require a statement concerning the attitude of this Association upon the subject. This statement was made by letter dated August 20, 1940. A number of questions ,are involved in the discussions which have now been carried on for thirty years. Why is protective grounding grounding necessary? What are the real features of electric service that require grounding protection? Could it be true that protective grounding is at least in part advisable because the installation and maintenance of electric service facilities are in themselves not as


In order to better characterize the shear-strength properties of polyethylene geomembrane, extensive shear-strength friction measurements were conducted and combined with geomembrane intrinsic properties evaluation. Over 100 shear strength measurements were conducted in a shear box apparatus per ASTM D5321, involving different geotextiles, a clayey soil and a sandy soil. It is shown that for given test conditions, the key factors influencing the shear strength properties of these interfaces are the nature of the materials involved first, and then the asperity height. An asperity height of approximately 20 mils was also observed to be a threshold value above which an increase in asperity height would not influence significantly the shear strength properties of the geomembrane.


Most of the silicon absorbeb by plants remains deposited on the external part of the cell walls as a layer of amorphous silica (SiO2.nH2O), probably affecting straw mineralization in soils. An experiment was performed with the aerial part of oat plants, cultivated in nutrient solution with and without silicon addition, to evaluate this hypothesis. Dried aerial parts of oat plants tissue was mixed with soil or washed quartz sand and placed in PVC tubes. Distilled water was percolated through the mixture at 6, 14, 30, 66, 100 and 182 days after the beginning of the experiment. Silicon, soluble organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were analysed in the leachetes. Results were calculated as the amount of the element liberated from the tissue per kg of substrate (soil or sand) and interpreted as an indication of straw mineralization. No differences were found between the amounts percolated from the oat straw with and without silicon, except for silicon in the sand treatments. It was concluded that, during the period considered (182 days), a greater silicon amount in the oat straw did not affect its mineralization.


BackgroundDuring lockdown parents who have children suffering with life- limiting illness or who experienced grief had considerably reduced access to professionals and face-to-face working. Hospices were challenged to adapt a new way of working. Momentous events that so fundamentally impact our entire society lead us to re-examine our belief structures and ways of working.AimTo provide parents with the tools to enable them to feel more in control when everything else seems without control. To help create emotional openings, paths to their child's world.MethodsParents were asked to attend a block of 10 online sessions to help them strengthen the relationship by using 30-minutes structured playtime once a week, using a kit of carefully selected toys in their own home. Parents were provided with the guidance to help build the child's self-esteem, help the child learn self-control and responsibility. Providing dialogue, the parents were empowered to be a therapeutic agent of change for their child.ResultsWritten and verbal feedback indicated that parents felt more equipped to support and improve their parent/child relationship. The results support that the benefits of Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) may extend to the family system. They became more in control and prepared for the future on how to support their children. The parents valued flexibility in the approach.ConclusionsOur daily practices feel right and true to us, regardless of whether they have evolved to keep up with the pace of change. To initiate a new approach to current conditions, based on our experiences of COVID-19 and re-direction of support has been highly valued by patients and their families. However, they are not about making incremental changes that lead to new ways of doing things based on old beliefs. They are geared instead toward causing a total shift of perceptions, beliefs and thought process.


A fourth-generation copper metalorganic compound, Cu(I)-2-(tert-butylimino)-5,5-dimethyl-pyrrolidinate, was designed, and its chemistry on nickel surfaces was characterized, for use as a precursor for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thin solid metal films. On the basis of surface science studies with similar acetamidinate, guanidinate, and iminopyrrolidinate complexes, it was concluded that the high (and undesirable) reactivity of these when adsorbed on metal surfaces is due to the lability of their C–N bonds, which can be triggered by β-hydrogen elimination steps. Accordingly, a ligand was designed without any available hydrogen atoms at these positions. The result is a much more stable reactant. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments indicated that dehydrogenation from the new compound on Ni(110) starts only at 450 K, an increase of about 200 K in comparison with any of the earlier-generations ALD precursors. TPD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were used to establish the de...


Background: Formalin is an aqueous solution of formaldehyde. It is a protoplasmic poison and causes coagulation necrosis and tissue fixation. Case: A 19-year-old girl was brought for autopsy to the mortuary of JSS Medical College, Mysore. Conclusion: Formalin is an unusual poison to be ingested for suicidal purposes due to selective availability and its strong taste and odor.


An airborne microwave hologram radar system has been developed which is a two-dimensional analog to optical holography. The field of view of the radar is directly below and to either side of the aircraft. Resolution is realized in the along-track direction by utilizing the synthetic aperture technique, and in the cross-track direction by means of a phased receiving array. The theory of operation is summarized, the demonstration system is described, and results for both the normal and contouring modes of operation are presented.


For people working on Powertrain technologies and energy technologies, this is one of the most exciting times but also one of the most uncertain. What will be the new Powertrain in the coming years? What will be the new fuel as an energy source for transportation? What will be the next energy storage and generation for the future? How will we bring the car out of the environmental equation? At Delphi, we have tried to prepare that revolution through evolution and herein we introduce two key technologies that address these concerns: introduction of hydrogen in discrete quantity in order to improve engine combustion and emissions through hydrogen on-board reformation, and a fuel cell Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) to supply power to engine-independent accessories with high efficiency and very low emissions. Our design selection criteria drove us to the following realizations: the Delphi hydrogen catalytic micro-reformer, and the Delphi solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) APU. We discuss in detail these technologies in this paper.


FIELD: instrumentation; shipbuilding; acoustics. SUBSTANCE: device includes a detachable oil-filled submerged cylindrical housing accommodating an electric motor and a mechanical driver. Power supply unit and programmable control unit are installed in the ship unit. Underwater part of the housing is sound transparent and is equipped with removable end covers; at that, a top cover has a cylindrical hole. Electric motor, by means of a coupling, is connected with the mechanical driver. Driver comprises a shaft and two eccentric devices representing two parallel disks with hubs secured on the shaft of the driver, and bearings, axes of which are rigidly fixed in the disks. Driver shaft is arranged in end bearings. Device includes vertical and horizontal guides. Radiating element is made in the shape of four concave thin-wall cylindrical segments with an opening angle of 90°. Between end horizontal surfaces of the thin-wall cylindrical segments and their horizontal guides there are arranged elastic gaskets. Between the upper and lower parts of the housing there are installed sealing gaskets. EFFECT: increase in reliability of simulating sound radiation of underwater moving objects. 6 cl, 3 dwg


We have recently implicated extrarenal vascular ET‐1 in the body's integrated response to a chronic high salt intake by mediating storage of Na+ within the skin. We hypothesize that upregulation of vascular ET‐1 in response to a high salt diet leads to the recruitment of macrophages and lymphocytes to the interstitium of the skin, which promote lymph hyperplasia, all of which provide a buffer for extracellular Na+ homeostasis. In the present study, we determined if vascular endothelial cell ET‐1 knockout mice (VEET KO) have reduced vascular cell adhesion molecule expression and increased skin Na+ storage in response to a high salt diet. After 2 weeks of a high NaCl (4%) diet, VEET KO mice have higher total skin Na/water ratio than floxed controls (0.112±0.007 vs. 0.096±0.003 mmol/ml respectively). Floxed control mice have elevated ET‐1 mRNA in the aorta compared to animals on low salt (1.38±0.21 vs. 1.05±0.14 fold change respectively, n=6), a response that was completely blunted in VEET KO mice (1.07±0.12 vs. 1.05±0.16 fold change, n=5). There was no change in vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 between groups. These data support our hypothesis that vascular endothelial derived ET‐1 plays a critical role in mediating skin storage of Na+ in response to a high salt intake.


Objective To observe the effect of astaxanthin on the lipid level of SD rat by high fat feed.Methods 60 SD male rats were randomized into six groups with 10 rats in each group.They were individually housed in metal cages in an air-conditioned room.Throughout the experimental period,they were given restricted amounts of food(40~50 g/d)per diet,with no limit of drinking.Rats in control group were fed with standard diet,ones in hyperlipidemia model group with standard diet containing cholesterol.Rats in astaxanthin group were fed with standard diet containing cholesterol plus astaxanthin,all lasting for 12 weeks.Blood samples were drawn just before the experiment and at the 4th,8th,12th weekend of the experiment.The blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and measured enzymatically by automatic facilities.Results Compared with the hyperlipidemia model group,TC,TG and LDL-C level were lower markedly by dietary astaxanthin at the 12th weekend(P0.01),but HDL-C level was higher than that of the hyperlipidemia model.Conclusions Asaxanthin may effect on the lipid level of rat by high fat feed.


In article the informaftion researches of system CsF-NiF2-CH3COOH-H2O by method isothermic solybility at 25°C are presented. It is shown that in this system formated unwater cezium threefluoronickelate.


Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) enhances the growth and recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis. With the rising prevalence of NAFLD, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying NAFLD‐associated liver metastasis is crucial. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a large portion of the tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor growth. NOD‐like receptor C4 (NLRC4), a component of an inflammasome complex, plays a role in macrophage activation and interleukin (IL)‐1β processing. We aimed to investigate whether NLRC4‐mediated TAM polarization contributes to metastatic liver tumor growth in NAFLD. Wild‐type and NLRC4‐/‐ mice were fed low‐fat or high‐fat diet for 6 weeks followed by splenic injection of mouse CRC MC38 cells. The tumors were analyzed 2 weeks after CRC cell injection. High‐fat diet–induced NAFLD significantly increased the number and size of CRC liver metastasis. TAMs and CD206‐expressing M2 macrophages accumulated markedly in tumors in the presence of NAFLD. NAFLD up‐regulated the expression of IL‐1β, NLRC4, and M2 markers in tumors. In NAFLD, but not normal livers, deletion of NLRC4 decreased liver tumor growth accompanied by decreased M2 TAMs and IL‐1β expression in tumors. Wild‐type mice showed increased vascularity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tumors with NAFLD, but these were reduced in NLRC4‐/‐ mice. When IL‐1 signaling was blocked by recombinant IL‐1 receptor antagonist, liver tumor formation and M2‐type macrophages were reduced, suggesting that IL‐1 signaling contributes to M2 polarization and tumor growth in NAFLD. Finally, we found that TAMs, but not liver macrophages, produced more IL‐1β and VEGF following palmitate challenge. Conclusion: In NAFLD, NLRC4 contributes to M2 polarization, IL‐1β, and VEGF production in TAMs, which promote metastatic liver tumor growth.


For metrological X-Ray Computed Tomography it is preferable that well established values for imaging parameters such as tube voltage or exposure time could be adapted to new parts. Also it is desirable that the process variation derived from elaborate experimental analyses for the estimation of the uncertainty in measurement could be transferred to similar cases. The guideline VDI/VDE 2630 permits this for sufficient similarity for boundary conditions, measurement strategy, size and material to a reference object. However, the similarity is not expressed in characteristics or even quantified so that an objective assessment could be made. The proposed approach aims at the efficient and objective identification of similar work pieces to reduce the experimental effort to find adequate parameter sets for new parts. For this the similarity is categorized in shape, scale and material to assess the attenuation behaviour and the measurement task. Providing a part geometry and material composition the simulation calculates similarity characteristics, which then can be compared to those of reference parts. The similarity of shape is assessed by means of 2D Fourier descriptors. The similarity of scale is based on local penetration lengths calculated by ray tracing. The similarity of material considers the composition and predicts the attenuation based on the Lambert-Beer-Law. The similarity is simulated for test piece and real part geometries using typical aluminium alloys, steel alloys and plastics. 1. Set-up of Industrial X-Ray Computed Tomography Measurements Industrial X-Ray Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used also for the measurement and quality assurance of geometric work piece features [1]. CT is a nondestructive imaging process, which is capable to acquire the work piece holistically with very high point density. The result of the tomographic scan is a volumetric model of the work piece, approximating the 3D geometry and local density of the real part. The volumetric model can be used for versatile inspection tasks. These are the inspection of material defects, control of assemblies and the dimensional measurement. The quality of the volumetric model is essentially influenced by the parameters of the tomographic scan, thus affecting the uncertainty of the subsequent geometric measurement. Before the tomographic scan the user has to define the actual parameter values adapted to the work piece. These parameters are basically the tube voltage and current, the thickness of the physical filter, the number of projections, the detector gain and the exposure time [2]. Due to this large number of parameters, the finding of this adequate parameter set-up can be International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography Mo.4.1 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 1 time consuming, e.g. doing experimental test series. The complexity of the tomographic imaging and the effects of the parameters onto the projection images make it difficult for the user to assess which set-up provides the smallest uncertainty. Also expert users may be misled or can take disadvantageous decisions for a new work piece. At any rate the user influence remains high for the set-up stage. So it is preferable that the knowledge gained by undertaken experimental effort in the past can be used to find the appropriate decision for a new part faster. The same applies to the knowledge from experimental studies to obtain the process variation up and the bias b to the calibrated value for the estimation of the uncertainty in measurement according to ISO/DIS 15530-3 [3] (Method using calibrated work pieces). In this context the question about the similarity of the actual to the reference work piece, for which the study has been made, occurs. 2. Similarity of Work Pieces In order that it is permissible to adapt optimal parameter values derived from an expert study to a new work piece sufficient similarity between the two work pieces is mandatory. The concept of similarity is concern of various scientific fields of research. For multi-variate statistics the similarity between to objects is defined by similarity of distance measures [4]. Usually for metric variables distance measures are used. For geometry two figures are congruent when they can be matched by applying geometric transformation such as centric dilatation, shifting, rotation or reflection [5]. The geometry of work pieces is usually much more complex compared to basic geometries so that even for a slight change never an exact match would be possible. The similitude theory describes the model of a physical process by dimensionless characteristics [6]. This theory is applied for theoretical analyses and experimental studies. Typical fields are fluid dynamics and heat transfer. In case that all relevant characteristics are equal between the process and the model of this process it is assured that both domains are physically similar. Results derived from the model, e.g. by simulation, can than be transferred to the physical process. The equality of the dimensionless characteristics requires also the geometric similarity between the reality and the model. The similarity of shapes is intensively analysed for the computer graphics, e.g. for the scene recognition, object recognition, object tracing. For this various approaches exist, e.g. using Fourier descriptors (FD) [7, 8], Lightfield descriptors (LFD) [9] or distance measures [10]. Basically, ISO/DIS 15530-3 [3] requires that for standards and work pieces measures, angles, form deviation, surface structure, material (e.g. thermal expansion, elasticity, hardness) should be similar. Also for tactile coordinate metrology the measurement strategy (number and distribution of spatial points assigned to the measurement element) and the configuration of the probe have to be equal. For distances similarity is achieved when the work piece does not deviate more than 10 % from the reference (> 250 mm) or more than 25 mm (< 250 mm) respectively. Similarity for angles is assured within a range of ± 5° around the reference angle. Similarity for form and material are not quantified. In addition, the CT specific guideline VDI/VDE 2630-1.3 [11] requires similar attenuation properties (mass attenuation coefficient, density, porosity) so that material and geometry dependent factors onto the measurement are nearly the same for the actual and the reference work piece. Helpful for this are accomplished suitability tests for similar work pieces. However, the similarity is not quantified; making it difficult to decide if similarity is given or not.


The relationship between masculinity and femininity in terms of sexual orientation is scarcely analyzed in Mexico City. This study compared the results obtained from the application of the Masculinity and Femininity Inventory (IMAFE) to two samples of men: one homosexual, and one heterosexual; both groups aged between 17 and 25 years. The first sample consisted of 56 subjects, and the second one was of 57, for a total of 113 people. Most of them had a degree, and a minimum percentage of the participants had an associate's degree. After grading the tests, the data were analyzed by using the Student's t-test. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the IMAFE scales. It is concluded that there are no differences in the masculinity and femininity of the subjects according to their sexual orientation, although a tendency to androgyny is observed. The findings of this exploration can be used as aspects contributing to an education that favors the tolerance to the diversity and, therefore, the dismantling of obscenities toward the homosexual people.


The Medieval Academy of America held its eighty-third annual meeting in Vancouver on 3-5 April 2008. The Medieval Association of the Pacific met jointly with the Academy. The University of British Columbia, Simon Fraser University, and the University of Victoria were the hosts for the meeting. Meeting of the Corporation. The annual meeting of the Corporation was held on Friday, 4 April. President Bernard McGinn presided. The minutes of the eighty-second annual meeting were approved. Reports were delivered by the Executive Director, the Editor of Speculum, the Treasurer, and the Delegate to the American Council of Learned Societies. The Van Courtlandt Elliott Prize was awarded to Nina Rowe for her article "Synagoga Tumbles, a Rider Triumphs: Clerical Viewers and the Furstenportal of Bamberg Cathedral," published in Gesta 45 (2006), 15-42. The John Nicholas Brown Prize was awarded to Sara S. Poor for her book Mechthild of Magdeburg and Her Book: Gender and the Making of Textual Authority, published by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 2004, and to Andrew P. Scheil for his book The Foot steps of Israel: Understanding Jews in Anglo-Saxon England, published by the University of Michigan Press in 2004. The Haskins Medal was awarded to Charles B. McClendon for his book entitled The Origins of Medieval Architecture: Building in Europe, A.D. 600-900, published by Yale University Press in 2005. The Robert L. Kindrick-CARA Award for Outstanding Service to Medieval Studies was awarded to Christopher Kleinhenz. The Vancouver Program Committee gave awards for meritorious papers to the following graduate students: Emily A. Bannister, Doron Bauer, Winston Black, Gavin Hammel, Tris tan Major, A. Michele Moatt, and Timothy Newfield. The 2008 slate chosen by mail ballot was presented to the assembled members. All present, without dissent, voted to accept the slate and elect the following: President (2008 9): Patrick J. Geary, University of California, Los Angeles; First Vice-President (2008-9): Herbert L. Kessler, Johns Hopkins University; Second Vice-President (2008-9): Elizabeth A. R. Brown, City University of New York; Councillors (2008-11): Constance Hoffman Berman, University of Iowa; Peggy McCracken, University of Michigan; Brian Patrick McGuire, Roskilde University; and Danuta Shanzer, University of Illinois; Nominating Committee (2008-10): Susan Crane, Columbia University; and Steven Fanning, University of Illinois. Session sponsored by the Fellows. The session sponsored by the Fellows was held on 5 April. Richard W. Pfaff, President of the Fellows, presided. In the 2008 election Carmela Vircillo Franklin, Michel Huglo, Joseph H. Lynch, Francis Newton, Kathryn L. Reyerson, Danuta Shanzer, John Williams, and Jan M. Ziolkowski were elected Fellows. Paul Binski, Nigel Palmer, Jean-Claude Schmitt, and Eric Gerald Stanley were elected Corresponding Fellows. Professors Franklin, Huglo, Lynch, Newton, Reyerson, Stanley, and Williams were present for formal induction, as was Professor Caroline M. Barron, elected a Correspond ing Fellow in 2007. Citations were read by Barbara Newman, Orator of the Fellows. The session concluded with an address by Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, University of York, "The Margins of Confidence? Aspects of Insular Historiography." Plenary lectures. Christopher Wickham, University of Oxford, delivered an address en titled "The Culture of the Public: Assembly Politics and the Feudal Revolution"; the session was chaired by Sian Echard, University of British Columbia. Bernard McGinn delivered


Lightweight concrete is frequently being used for structural and nonstructural applications. While fibers are widely used in concrete for improvement of ductility in concrete, limited research has been conducted on fiber reinforced lightweight concrete. This paper presents some properties of fiber reinforced concrete with strengths from 8 to 50 MPa and dry densities 800 to 1400 kg/square m. The results will provide technical information for the design and application of lightweight concrete for both structural and nonstructural use.


A microfluidic device is developed for determination of multiple protein biomarkers from urine sample by a portable miniaturized detection system. The device integrates filtering, fluorescence labeling, stacking, desalting, separation and detection in one disposable polymer chip. Analysis of four protein biomarkers in urine is demonstrated in the developed system including β2-MG, Alb, IgG and TRF. Detection limit as low as 0.2 mg/L was obtained for the analyzed urinary proteins within 30 minutes assay time, with no traditional sample pre-treatment procedures needed to extract proteins from urine samples.


The 13C NMR spectra of ruthenocenophanes, ferrocenophanes and their precursors were measured. The examination of molecular models for metallocenophanes and the spectral data offer some hints about the conformation of the molecules.


Objective To evaluate the inter uterine device(IUD)use with risk of endometrial cancer.Methods In a population based case-comtrol study was conducted in urban Shanghai.In-person interviews were completed for 1 204 incidence cases aged 30~69 from January 1997 to December 2002,and 1 212 controls frequency-matched were selected to cases on age.Unconditional Logistic regression model was applied to drive odds ratios and confidence interval in association with IUD use.Results The most frequently used IUD in Shanghai were metallic and V-shaped plastic IUD(68.1% and 20.7%).A significant inverse association was observed for IUD use and endometrial cancer risk.Compared to nonusers,women with a history of IUD use had a significant reduced risk of endometrial cancer(OR=0.57;95%CI:0.47~0.69)and the ORs decreased with the increase of using years.The inverse association did not appear to be modified by menopausal status and oral contraceptive use.Conclusion IUD use is inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk among women in urban shanghai.


The information regarding challenged cases released by MOFCOM shows that China's anti-monopoly review against concentration has turned out to be a step-by-step progress even under the restraints from the uncertainty of law and the lack of enforcement ability and resources. Besides, MOFCOM's efficiency is also acceptable. However, the authority's decisions have an obvious defect with regard to the analysis, judgment, and relief of anti-competition effect.


Abstract The effects of an off-centre donor impurity on the non-linear optical absorption, second and third harmonic generation in a GaAs two-dimensional disc-shaped quantum ring under magnetic field are investigated within the compact density-matrix formalism and the effective mass approximation. The results reveal that: (i) the absorption spectra extend on larger energy intervals at the increment of the magnetic field; (ii) the possibility of generating second harmonic response from the system is demonstrated for an impurity placed on the repulsive part of the confining potential; (iii) both second harmonic and third harmonic coefficients are one order of magnitude larger for an impurity placed on the repulsive part of the potential and are blue-shifted by the increment of the magnetic field regardless the impurity position.


GFRP bars are widely used as a substitute material to the traditional reinforcing steel in R. C sections, especially those exposed to destructive environmental agents. This current research aims to finding out the behaviour of R. C isolated footings reinforced with GFRP bars. To achieve the objective of this research, eight square footing were tested. The dimensions of the test specimens were chosen to be approximately equal to (1/2 – 1/3) of the size of a common footings usually used in medium height buildings. The specimens were divided in two series. The first series included four footings (GF3 to GF6) that were reinforced with GFRP bars . For the comparison of the behaviour of R. C footing reinforced with GFRP bars with which reinforced with steel bars the second test series included four footings (SF3 to SF6) that were reinforced with steel bars. The test parameters investigated were the shear span-depth ratio (a/d) ranged between 3.46 and 4.23 the reinforcement bars type (GFRP and steel bars) and the reinforcement ratio (0.5 % and 1.0 %). To present the effect of Soil-structure interaction all specimens were realistically supported on a sand bed. From the results, it can be found that the ultimate capacity of punching shear for footing specimens reinforced with GFRP bars was slightly similar to that for footing specimens reinforced with steel bars with a reduction ranged from 16 to 33%. PUNCHING SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF ISOLATED FOOTING REINFORCED WITH GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER BARS 190 JAUES,17,62,2022


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), experimentally observed for the first time twenty years ago, have triggered an unprecedented research effort, on the account of their astonishing structural, mechanical and electronic properties. Unfortunately, the current inability in predicting the CNTs' properties and the difficulty in controlling their position on a substrate are often limiting factors for the application of this material in actual devices. This research aims at the creation of specific methodologies for controlled synthesis of CNTs, leading to effectively employ them in various fields of electronics, e.g. photovoltaics. Focused Ion Beam (FIB) patterning of Si surfaces is here proposed as a means for ordering the assembly of vertical-aligned CNTs. With this technique, substrates with specific nano-structured morphologies have been prepared, enabling a high degree of control over CNTs' position and size. On these nano-structured substrates, the growth of CNTs has been realized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), i.e. thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases over a heated catalyst. The most common materials used as catalysts in CVD are transition metals like Fe and Ni; however, their presence in the CNT products often results in shortcomings for electronic applications, especially for those based on silicon, being the metallic impurities incompatible with very-large-scale integration (VLSI) technology. In the present work the role of Ge dots as an alternative catalysts for CNTs synthesis on Si substrates has been thoroughly assessed, finding a close connection between the catalytic activity of such material and the CVD conditions, which can affect both size and morphology of the dots. Successful CNT growths from Ge dots have been obtained by CVD at temperatures ranging from 750 to 1000°C, with mixtures of acetylene and hydrogen in an argon carrier gas. The morphology of the Si surface is observed to play a crucial role for the outcome of the CNT synthesis: natural (i.e. chemical etching) and artificial (i.e. FIB patterning, nanoindentation) means of altering this morphology in a controlled way have been then explored to optimize the CNTs yield. All the knowledge acquired in this study has been finally applied to synthesize CNTs on transparent conductive electrodes (indium-tin oxide, ITO, coated glasses), for the creation of a new class of anodes for organic photovoltaics. An accurate procedure has been established which guarantees a controlled inclusion of CNTs on ITO films, preserving their optical and electrical properties. By using this set of conditions, a CNTenhanced electrode has been built, contributing to improve the power conversion efficiency of polymeric solar cells.


The 14N nuclear quadrupole resonances (NQR) in sulfuric diamide (sulfamide), H2NSO2NH2, and methanesulfonamide, CH3SO2NH2, were studied by the pulse method. The resonance frequency and the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) were measured in the temperature range from liquid nitrogen temperature to room temperature. In the case of sulfuric diamide, T1 decreases monotonously as the temperature rises, and is dominated by the thermal torsional motion below 140 K. On the other hand, T1 is attributed to the reorientation of the amino group in the temperature range from 200 to 240 K, whereas it is due to the reorientation of the molecule above 240 K; the activation energies in these orientations are 43.5 and 61.5 kJ·mol−1 respectively. In the case of methanesulfonamide, the minimum of T1 is found near 130 K. This is caused by the rotation of the methyl group. The activation energy for this motion is calculated to be 9.6 kJ·mol−1. The dominant relaxation mechanism is attributed to the reorientation of the amino gr...


The antiknock properties of fuel compositions are improved by adding thereto one or more compounds of the general formula R/sup 1/-N(-R /SUP I/ )-R-N-(-R /SUP II/ )-R/sup 2/ wherein R is a hydrocarbon group, R/sup 2/, and R/sup 2/ are hydrogen or hydrocarbon groups and R /SUP I/ and R /SUP II/ are substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups.


Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) pain is frequent in the general population, but its pathogenesis is only poorly understood. FMS patients lack consistent tissue abnormalities but'display features of hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to painful stimuli) and allodynia (lowered pain threshold). Many recent FMS studies have demonstrated central nervous system (CNS) pain processing abnormalities, including abnormal temporal summation of pain. However, increasing evidence points toward peripheral tissues as relevant contributors of painful impulse input to the spinal cord and brain that might either initiate or maintain central sensitization, or both. In the CNS, persistent nociceptive input from peripheral tissues can lead to neuroplastic changes resulting in central sensitization and pain. This mechanism appears to represent a hallmark of FMS and many other chronic-pain syndromes, including irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular disorder, migraine, and lower-back pain. Importantly, after central sensitization has been established, only minimal peripheral input is required for the maintenance of the chronic-pain state. Additional factors, including pain-related negative affect and poor sleep, have been shown to significantly contribute to clinical FMS pain. Better understanding of these mechanisms and their relationship to central sensitization and clinical pain will provide new approaches for the prevention and treatment of FMS and other chronic-pain syndromes.


This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the safety and efficacy of Labisia pumila (LP) water extract on sexual health, lipid profile and inflammatory markers in 36 healthy pre-and post-menopausal North American women. Participants were randomized to either LP (200 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks. The female sexual function index (FSFI) and short form-36 health survey (SF-36) were completed, and lipid profiles, anti-inflammatory markers, urinary antioxidants and safety parameters were assessed. There were no significant differences in FSFI and SF-36 scores after 12 weeks. Compared to placebo, women on Labisia pumila trended towards a reduction in total cholesterol after 12 weeks (p=0.077). Urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations from baseline to week 12 decreased for both groups, with women on L. pumila demonstrating a greater decrease (Δ= -144.4nmol/L) versus placebo (Δ= -125.9nmol/L). Significant decreases in serum IL-6 from baseline to week 6 were observed in Labisia pumila and placebo (p=0.006 and p=0.012 respectively) but these differences were not sustained through week 12. LP demonstrated a trend towards an improvement in TC, urinary 8-isoprostane and significant within group improvement in IL-6 and IL-1β suggesting a role for LP in improving inflammation. Future research should focus on older subjects that are sexually dysfunctional. Key words : Labisia pumila, women's health, randomized double-blind trial, female sexual function index, blood lipid profile, cytokines.


Aiming at the problem of the effects of lane occupied on city road capacity,combined with the experience formula and considering the effect of various factors getting the actual capacity of the Accident section. Comparative analysis method and the traffic wave theory methods are used to analyze the problem,Building traffic wave model to obtain conclusions. Finally,according to the traffic flow wave theory to analyze the vehicles queuing phenomenon. meanwhile,finding the relationship between aggregation wave and the queue length. combined the effects of signal lamp to obtain the required time when the vehicle queue length to the upstream intersection.


Performance and reactivity in the "Brianzolo" chicken breed Unconventional rearing systems for poultry meat production greatly increased due to consumers interest in healthier and more natural food. The poor adaptability of commercial hybrid strains selected for intensive production systems and fast growing rate lead to the development of researches dealing with breed suitability for alternative productions. Brianzolo is an example of Italian chicken breed for unconventional system. The aim of this study was to characterize the hybrid "Brianzolo" for fenotipic caracteristics, reactivity and performance. Hatching eggs qualitative and quantitative characteristics parameters were recorded on a weekly basis and to growth performance data were collected 1 day to 6 months of age. To define the breed standard 145 animals were phenotypically tested at the age of 4 months. Tonic Immobility test was carried out on 93 subjects randomly chosen. Results of the phenotypic selection made it possible to standardize some characteristics such as, comb size and plumage colour, that will be selection objective to standardize birds morphology.The results of this study, although preliminary, showed productive performance typical for slow growing to a rural breeds adapted to alternative production systems (average weight at 6 months = 2350 g; IMG = 13.5 g / d). Regarding reactivity in this hybrid the conservation of ancestral characteristics such as man fear was evaluated through TI test for reactivity. The mean number of attempt to induce immobility was 1,25, while the mean duration was 98,19 sec. Brianpollo is a research project funded by Regione Lombardia (Italy) aimed to standardize and valorize Brianzolo chicken, a traditional Lombardy breed for non-conventional rearing systems (Ferrante et al., 2009).


Carolyn Parkhurst's latest novel, Harmony, is a tightly-written, suspenseful story about the lengths to which parents will go to support their children. Beneath the dramatic plot, Parkhurst weaves a compelling inner narrative about families who have children with special needs. The novel's narrative restraint leaves readers eager to keep reading while its emotional undertones push them to reconsider their perceptions of ability. The story is centered on Camp Harmony, where the Hammond family have just moved in an attempt to find a community for their thirteen-yearold daughter, Tilly, who has special needs. Run by a charismatic child behavior guru who specializes in helping families with children who are "nonneurotypical," Camp Harmony initially seems like the answer to all their problems. But as the novel unfolds, it becomes clear that there is something a little off about the camp and its leader, Scott Bean. While this plot drives much of the novel on the surface, layered into the tension are vivid examples that make the story about much more than Camp Harmony. Parkhurst paints an intimate picture of how children like Tilly navigate the world, from painfully awkward moments to emotional tantrums to the rare but shining instances of youthful insight. The key to this careful layering of stories is in Harmony's narrative style. Narrated alternately by Tilly's younger sister, Iris, and their mother, Alexandra, the novel is balanced between suspense and emotional heft. Eleven-year-old Iris is skeptical of Camp Harmony from the beginning, and her straightforward cynicism helps the reader quickly come to share her suspicions about the camp. Meanwhile, Alexandra tells the story of how the Hammond family came to this point, beginning five years before the present day. As readers marvel at the adults' inability to see what's really going on at the Voice of Icarus." Icarus inverts images of morning that typically represent rebirth: "Dawn dressed in black, in a fabric / of singes." For Icarus as for Samaras, what makes us feel most alive often is the end of us. Still, this doesn't stop us from wanting more, or from trying to be more. "I want a body that hovers beyond equilibrium," Icarus declares. Militello again turns to Greek myth in "A Dictionary of Wandering and Homesickness in the Voice of Odysseus." Though his life revolved around ideas of home, the word isn't, for Odysseus, synonymous with comfort and safety. Instead, "Home is the no I thought I know before I'd mistaken it / for water." There is no such thing as protection, as safety—and if there is, it's the thing that kills us, "[. . .] where cellos play and men bend their fragile heads / over old emotions" while "[t] he guards in the watchtower sleep." Militello finds no escape from the limitations of the body other than acceptance. "What begins," she writes in "A Dictionary Measuring Cause and Effect," "breaks human bones." The problems of the flesh persist simply because we are made of flesh, which is "our bitter horse, working for its keep." We cannot escape the fact that we will die, but we can redefine death. "I die alone," Militello writes in "A Dictionary of Perishing," calmly accepting the worst fear of many. This opens a door to a different way of existing in—and with—the world: "I become a small boat left to the current. / My hair a trail of ivy, my hair a wild / of carousels or the door to something // smoke." Here, Militello describes an impermanence shared with the natural world. Through accepting this, we better appreciate the world of the body and the death it holds, which, in the company of other shared fates, becomes knowable, beautiful, and enough:


Data from mobile cellular networks has been extremely valuable in helping us understand traffic dynamics, monitor network operations, and conceive better deployment plans. Among these applications, trace-driven emulation is particularly interesting due to its potential in enabling open, reproducible, and cost-effective examination of innovative designs of cellular networks. Nevertheless, the inanimate nature of off-line data restricts it from being directly used for testing interactive network control algorithms, which may change the original data distribution. To address this issue, we present the DragonEye interactive emulation framework. DragonEye combines offline network data with microscopic refining and reacting models to emulate the live interaction between mobile users and the cellular network. For demonstration, we implement DragonEye using session-level user traffic logs captured from a real WLAN. This implementation is then used to test a reinforcement-learning-based base station (BS) sleeping control algorithm. Results show that emulated users can interactively queue and cancel requests in response to dynamic sleeping operations, which demonstrates the effectiveness of DragonEye in emulating live interaction using offline data.


Applying the new theory-the positive and negative energy spectrum (PNES) thermodynamical theory to the mechanical equilibrium of white dwarf stars, the mechanical equilibrium of white dwarf star at early stage has been analysed carefully. Although the conclusion of PNES thermodynamical theory is consistent with the conclusion of the original theory, but the fundamental principle and the train of thought in PNES theory is quite different from the original theory. According as the original theory has regarded the white dwarf star system is a electron system alone, the helium-ion system is only looked as a external condition that the electron system is restricted. Obviously, that the original theory can't reflects the practical state of white dwarf stars, because the white dwarf star (isn't) a electron system but a composite system which is composed of the electron sub-system and helium-ion sub-system. Therefore, The mechanical equilibrium problem and the evolution problem of white dwarf star must be engaged in research of the composite system composed of the electron sub-system and helium-ion sub-system. This article employ the new theory (PNES thermodynamics theory) in the point of view of the composite system to study the mechanical equilibrium of white dwarf stars.


Significance Cutaneous wound healing depends on axon reinnervation of the skin, yet the mechanisms remain largely elusive because of the lack of suitable models allowing for analyzing tissue interactions in intact organisms. To address this, we utilized zebrafish time-lapse imaging and show a dual role for NADPH oxidases in axon de- and regeneration. Duox1-dependent hydrogen peroxide formation and oxidation of the epidermal growth factor receptor are essential for epidermal reinnervation via matrix remodeling. In contrast, Nox enzymes participate in axon degeneration, whereby loss of a subunit required for Nox1-4 activation, p22Phox, delays Wallerian degeneration and promotes axonal fusion. These findings could aid in therapeutic development for patients with wound healing and axon regeneration defects or in the prevention of axon degeneration.


07–198 Agulló, G. (U Jaén, Spain; firstname.lastname@example.com), Overcoming age-related differences. ELT Journal (Oxford University Press) 60.4 (2006), 365–373. 07–199 Ammar, Ahlem (U de Montréal, Canada; firstname.lastname@example.com) & Nina Spada, One size fits all? Recasts, prompts, and L2 learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge University Press) 28.4 (2006), 543–574. 07–200 Bartram, Brendan (U Wolverhampton, UK), An examination of perceptions of parental influence on attitudes to language learning. Educational Research (Routledge/Taylor & Francis) 48.2 (2006), 211–221. 07–201 Bordag, Denisa (U Leipzig, Germany), Andreas Opitz & Thomas Pechmann, Gender processing in first and second languages: The role of noun termination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition (American Psychological Association) 32.5 (2006), 1090–1101. 07–202 Brown, Jill (Monash U, Australia), Jenny Miller & Jane Mitchell, Interrupted schooling and the acquisition of literacy: Experiences of Sudanese refugees in Victorian secondary schools. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy (Australian Literacy Educators' Association) 29.2 (2006), 150–162. 07–203 Castagnaro, P. (Temple U, Japan), Audiolingual method and behaviorism: From misunderstanding to myth. Applied Linguistics (Oxford University Press) 27.3 (2006), 519–526. 07–204 Chang, Anna Ching-Shyang & John Read (Hsing-Wu College, Taiwan), The effects of listening support on the listening performance of EFL learners. TESOL Quarterly 40.2 (2006), 375–397. 07–205 Cieślicka, Anna (Adam Mickiewicz U, Poznań, Poland), Literal salience in on-line processing of idiomatic expressions by second language learners. Second Language Research (Sage) 22.2 (2006), 115–144. 07–206 Cots J. (U Lleida, Spain; email@example.com), Teaching 'with an attitude': Critical Discourse Analysis in EFL teaching. ELT Journal (Oxford University Press) 60.4 (2006), 336–345. 07–207 Curdt-Christiansen, Xiao Lan (Nanyang Technological U, Singapore), Teaching and learning Chinese: Heritage language classroom discourse in Montreal Scots in contemporary social and educational context. Language, Culture and Curriculum (Multilingual Matters) 19.2 (2006), 189–207. 07–208 Ellis, Nick C. (U Michigan, USA), Selective attention and transfer phenomena in L2 acquisition: Contingency, cue competition, salience, interference, overshadowing, blocking, and perceptual learning. Applied Linguistics (Oxford University Press) 27.2 (2006), 164–194. 07–209 Ellis, Rod (U Auckland, New Zealand; firstname.lastname@example.com), Modelling learning difficulty and second language proficiency: The differential contributions of implicit and explicit knowledge. Applied Linguistics (Oxford University Press) 27.3 (2006), 431–463. 07–210 Ellis, Rod (U Auckland, New Zealand; firstname.lastname@example.com) & Younghee Sheen, Reexamining the role of recasts in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge University Press) 28.4 (2006), 575–600. 07–211 Erlam, R. (U Auckland, New Zealand), Elicited imitation as a measure of L2 implicit knowledge: An empirical validation study. Applied Linguistics (Oxford University Press) 27.3 (2006), 464–491. 07–212 Farrell, Thomas S. C. (Brock U, Canada; email@example.com) & Christophe Mallard, The use of reception strategies by learners of French as a foreign language. The Modern Language Journal (Blackwell) 90.3 (2006), 338–352. 07–213 Folse, Keith S. (U Central Florida, USA), The effect of type of written exercise on L2 vocabulary retention. TESOL Quarterly 40.2 (2006), 273–293. 07–214 Goad, Heather (McGill U, Montreal, Canada) & Lydia White, Ultimate attainment in interlanguage grammars: A prosodic approach. Second Language Research (Sage) 22.3 (2006), 243–268. 07–215 Gullberg, Marianne (Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Germany; email@example.com), Some reasons for studying gesture and second language acquisition (Hommage à Adam Kendon). International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (Walter de Gruyter) 44.2 (2006), 103–124. 07–216 Hall, Joan Kelly, An Cheng & Matthew Carlson (Pennsylvania State U, USA), Reconceptualizing multicompetence as a theory of language knowledge. Applied Linguistics (Oxford University Press) 27.2 (2006), 220–204. 07–217 Harada, Tetsuo (Waseda U, Japan; firstname.lastname@example.com), The acquisition of single and geminate stops by English-speaking children in a Japanese immersion program. Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge University Press) 28.4 (2006), 601–632. 07–218 Hawkey, Roger (U Bristol, UK; email@example.com), Teacher and learner perceptions of language learning activity. ELT Journal (Oxford University Press) 60.3 (2006), 242–252. 07–219 Hawkins, Roger (U Essex, UK) & Hajime Hattori, Interpretation of English multiple wh-questions by Japanese speakers: A missing uninterpretable feature account. Second Language Research (Sage) 22.3 (2006), 269–301. 07–220 Hayes-Harb, Rachel (U Utah, USA), Native speakers of Arabic and ESL texts: Evidence for the transfer of written word identification processes. TESOL Quarterly 40.2 (2006), 321–339. 07–221 Hirvela, Alan (Ohio State U, USA; email@example.com), Computer-mediated communication in ESL teacher education. ELT Journal (Oxford University Press) 60.3 (2006), 233–241. 07–222 Hong-Nam, Kyungsim (U North Texas, USA; firstname.lastname@example.com) & Alexandra Leavell, Language learning strategy use of ESL students in an intensive English learning context. System (Elsevier) 34.3 (2006), 399–415. 07–223 Hopp, Holger (U Groningen, the Netherlands), Syntactic features and reanalysis in near-native processing. Second Language Research (Sage) 22.3 (2006), 369–397. 07–224 Jungheim, Nicholas (Waseda U, Japan; firstname.lastname@example.com), Learner and native speaker perspectives on a culturally-specific Japanese refusal. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (Walter de Gruyter) 44.2 (2006), 125–143. 07–225 Kim, Youngkyu (Ewha Womens U, Korea), Effects of input elaboration on vocabulary acquisition through reading by Korean learners of English as a Foreign Language. TESOL Quarterly 40.2 (2006), 341–373. 07–226 Lai, Chun & Yong Zhao (Michigan State U, USA; email@example.com), Noticing and text-based chat. Language Learning & Technology (University of Hawaii) 10.3 (2006), 102–120. 07–227 Lee, Siok H. & James Muncie (Simon Fraser U, Canada), From receptive to productive: Improving ESL learners' use of vocabulary in a postreading composition task. TESOL Quarterly 40.2 (2006), 295–320. 07–228 Lee, Y. (DePaul U, USA; email@example.com), Towards respecification of communicative competence: Condition of L2 Instruction or its objective? Applied Linguistics (Oxford University Press) 27.3 (2006), 349–376. 07–229 Lew, Robert (Adam Mickiewicz U, Poznań, Poland; firstname.lastname@example.com) & Anna Dziemianko, A new type of folk-inspired definition in English monolingual learners' dictionaries and its usefulness for conveying syntactic information. International Journal of Lexicography (Oxford University Press) 19.3 (2006), 225–242. 07–230 Liaw, Meei-ling (National Taichung U, Taiwan; firstname.lastname@example.com), E-learning and the development of intercultural competence. Language Learning & Technology (University of Hawaii) 10.3 (2006), 49–64. 07–231 Lieberman, Moti (American U, USA; firstname.lastname@example.com), Sachiko Aoshima & Colin Phillips, Nativelike biases in generation of wh-questions by nonnative speakers of Japanese. Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge University Press) 28.3 (2006), 423–448. 07–232 Lin, Huifen (Kun Shan U, China; firstname.lastname@example.com) & Tsuiping Chen, Decreasing cognitive load for novice EFL learners: Effects of question and descriptive advance organisers in facilitating EFL learners' comprehension of an animation-based content lesson. System (Elsevier) 34.3 (2006), 416–431. 07–233 Liu, Meihua (Tsinghua U, China; firstname.lastname@example.com), Anxiety in Chinese EFL students at different proficiency levels. System (Elsevier) 34.3 (2006), 301–316. 07–234 Lotz, Anja (Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany) & Annette Kinder, Transfer in artificial grammar learning: The role of repetition information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition (American Psychological Association) 32.4 (2006), 707–715. 07–235 Lozano, Cristobal (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain), Focus and split-intransitivity: The acquisition of word order alternations in non-native Spanish. Second Language Research (Sage) 22.2 (2006), 145–187. 07–236 Macaro, Ernesto (U Oxford; email@example.com), Strategies for language learning and for language use: Revising the theoretical framework. The Modern Language Journal (Blackwell) 90.3 (2006), 320–337. 07–237 McCafferty, Steven (U Nevada, USA; email@example.com), Gesture and the materialization of second language prosody. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (Walter de Gruyter) 44.2 (2006), 197–209. 07–238 Nassaji, Hossein (U Victoria, Canada; email@example.com), The relationship between depth of vocabulary knowledge and L2 learners' lexical inferencing strategy use and success. 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We show that the ultrashort cavity soliton in octave-spanning Kerr frequency comb generation exhibits striking self-adaptiveness and robustness to external perturbations, resulting in a novel frequency shifting/cancellation mechanism and gigantic dispersive wave generation in response to the strong frequency dependence of Kerr nonlinearity, Raman scattering, chromatic dispersion, and cavity Q. These observations open up a great avenue towards versatile manipulation of nonlinear soliton dynamics, flexible spectrum engineering of mode-locked Kerr frequency combs, and highly efficient frequency translation of optical waves.


The concept of negative reinforcement is notoriously difficult to teach to introductory students. Reasons for this difficulty include: surplus meanings associated with the terms negative and punishment, the fact that Skinner (1938, 1953) described two types of reinforcement but only one type of punishment, the tendency that most students have to view reward and punishment in subjective terms, and Skinner's (1938, 1953) conflicting definitions of reinforcement and punishment. Pointing out to students that there are two types of punishment—positive and negative—as well two types of reinforcement—positive and negative—helps them learn that negative reinforcement is not a synonym for punishment.


Multiple specialties perform safe and effective cosmetic facial surgery. Plastic surgeons, otolaryngologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, oculoplastic surgeons and various other specialists have all demonstrated competence in this area. These disciplines have added to the cumulative knowledge and skills needed to perform cosmetic facial surgery.


The field of "defining life" is rich in artful wording yet lacking in cohesiveness. Opinions about the necessity and possibility to produce a definition of life range widely. At the extremes (and without necessarily being wrong) some authors may claim that a technically accurate definition of life is not needed or impossible. Assuming that a definition for life is needed and possible, it has to obey two basic requirements: to be coherent relative to what we already know about life, and the philosophy used to produce the definition has to be clear of systemic errors. The method proposed by Edward Trifonov to define life (1) is a minimalist vocabularybased screening, combined with a personal interpretation of the meaning of the findings. Is this method consistent with the requirements listed above, and what novelties it introduces in our understanding of life?


Facial Plastic Surgery (FPS) was created in 1984 to provide surgeons with tried-and-true as well as newer, innovative techniques in facial plastic surgery.Well-respected leaders in the field were able to tap into the best minds in our field to describe their techniques and their results. As the specialty grew, the contributions of these respected experts and their contributions to FPS served as a trusted source of state-of-the-art diagnosis and management in aesthetic and reconstructive facial surgery. However, the Editorial Board realized that an even broader approach was necessary to stay abreast of the rapid changes occurring in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, and we began accepting Original Research articles. We have received excellent submissions from all over the world and have published many outstanding articles from both established and younger researchers. With Thieme Connect (www.thieme-connect.com), readers can access articles not just from the current and past issues. By using the eFirst feature, you can read articles before they appear in a print journal, generally within 6 weeks of being reviewed and accepted for publication. While this has been a resounding success at bringing the latest research to you quickly, wehave found it challenging to keep up with this success. To ensure quality research articles are published and presented to our readers in print form as quickly as possible, we have devoted this issue of FPS to Original Research. These articles have passed a rigorous peer-review process and we feel add substantively to facial plastic and reconstructive surgery literature. In addition, Dr. Yves Saban has collected excellent articles examining the anatomic basis of our surgical procedures. We hope you enjoy this issue of FPS. It embodies the spirit of our specialty—inquisitive, thoughtful, open, and challenging. We welcome your submissions to FPS, as well as suggestions on how the journal can be more responsive to your needs.


A new wavelength conversion method using an SOA‐loop‐mirror for NRZ optical data has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A conventional wavelength converter with a nonlinear fiber‐loop‐mirror can perform RZ‐to‐RZ, NRZ‐to‐RZ, or RZ‐to‐NRZ data format conversion, while NRZ‐to‐NRZ conversion has not been demonstrated up to now. We successfully experiment optical wavelength conversion of 1300 nm NRZ data into 1550 nm NRZ data at 1.5 Gbit/s using a fiber‐loop‐mirror with a 1300 nm‐SOA. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 855–859, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23234


OBJECTIVES
There is a current and anticipated labor shortage of endocrinologists in the United States. Over the past decade, the number of applications to endocrinology fellowship programs has plateaued despite increased available positions, and interest in endocrinology has declined relative to other internal medicine sub-specialty fields. The examination of driving factors for pursuing endocrinology as a subspecialty career is needed.

METHODS
A 12-question online survey was developed to identify the primary reasons for current endocrinology fellows/trainees to pursue the field. This survey was sent to 152 U.S. endocrinology fellowship program directors for completion by their fellows between July and August 2021.

RESULTS
A total of 176 of 629 fellows (28.0%) completed the survey. The majority (57.4%) had decided to pursue endocrinology as a career during residency, whereas 27.3% had decided during medical school. There were 79 fellows (44.9%) who ranked their endocrinology rotation during residency as the most influential factor, followed by positive experiences with a clinical mentor (27.3%). Endocrinology exposure during medical school was sparse, with only 2.8% noting the availability of an endocrinology student interest group, while 59.7% reported inadequate endocrinology exposure during their medical school curriculum.

CONCLUSIONS
The majority of current endocrinology fellows/trainees report that exposure to the field during medical school was limited, and that their endocrinology elective and mentorship experiences during residency were the most influential factors for pursuing endocrinology as a subspecialty. Improved integration of endocrinology experiences between medical school and residency may enhance career interest in endocrinology.


Aiming at the problem of high replacement and maintenance cost of communication power battery, this paper studies the intelligent lithium iron phosphate battery hybrid system. The economic requirements of communication power supply are fully considered. For the problems of battery aging and insufficient charge and discharge in the use of communication power supply batteries, the battery management system of lead-acid battery and lithium iron phosphate battery is studied. Through system optimization and software and hardware design, the service life of the battery can be effectively increased by about 33%. The test results show that the hybrid system can effectively improve the service efficiency of the battery, make its charge and discharge more fully, and avoid the aging problem caused by system isolation. The experiments of voltage test, state of charge estimation and equalization test show that the system has good effect. In terms of economy, the intelligent lithium iron phosphate battery hybrid system can effectively save about 43.3 % of the construction cost of the network base station, which has a good application prospect.


A novel method for measuring the non-orthogonality of the interferometer system in a step and scan lithographic tool is presented.First a linear module among the non-orthogonal factor,scaling factor and process related system error has been developed.By real lithographic process the alignment marks are transferred to the wafer,and after development the positions of marks are read out by optic alignment system in the same lithographic tool.The measurement data are used to calculate the non-orthogonal factor and scaling factor of the interferometer by the linear model according to the least square principle.Experimental results show that by this method with the same wafer in different rotation,the measurement repeatability of the non-orthogonal factor is better than 0.01 μrad,and the measurement repeatability of the y to x scaling factor is better than 0.7×10-6.With different wafer in the same condition,the measurement reproducibility of the non-orthogonal factor is better than 0.012 μrad,and the measurement reproducibility of the y to x scaling factor is better than 0.6×10-6.


Different from the writing systems of many Romance and Germanic languages, some languages or language families show complex conjunct forms in character composition. For such cases where the conjuncts consist of the components representing consonant(s) and vowel, various character encoding schemes can be adopted beyond merely making up a one-hot vector. However, there has been little work done on intra-language comparison regarding performances using each representation. In this study, utilizing the Korean language which is character-rich and agglutinative, we investigate an encoding scheme that is the most effective among Jamo-level one-hot, character-level one-hot, character-level dense, and character-level multi-hot. Classification performance with each scheme is evaluated on two corpora: one on binary sentiment analysis of movie reviews, and the other on multi-class identification of intention types. The result displays that the character-level features show higher performance in general, although the Jamo-level features may show compatibility with the attention-based models if guaranteed adequate parameter set size.


Citation: Luo D, Zhang C, Huang Y (2018) Fatal Side Effect of Treprostinil Hypoglycemia: A Case Report. Clin Med Rev Case Rep 5:234. doi.org/10.23937/2378-3656/1410234 Accepted: September 10, 2018: Published: September 12, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Luo D, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ISSN: 2378-3656


Trials of trustworthiness between Ethiopian lawyers and Chinese clients Legal representation requires trust. How is trust given and gained in lawyer-client relations that are tainted by mistrust? In this article I examine interactions between Ethiopian lawyers and their Chinese clients to show how both parties mitigate mistrust to enable productive legal representation across radical difference. This process not only involves patience and persistence but also prompts clients to put trust on trial. First, they do so by closely monitoring their lawyers or testing them through choreographed situations of trusting in which the stakes are low or the transfer of trust carefully controlled. Second, by cultivating loyalty and proximity they attempt to further enhance the predictability of the other's future actions to ensure the desired outcome of trust. [trust, lawyers and clients, race, Ethiopia, China]


The carrying out of the death sentence is a crossing of the line between the world
 of the living and the world of the dead. In different societies, attitudes towards the
 afterlife, including the death penalty, have different manifestations. The article
 provides observations of the timing of the death penalty in the Mongol Empire and the
 Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). These observations suggest that the death penalty was
 carried out at night on the waning moon with a tendency to carry out the execution
 during the New Moon. This is due to the attitude of nomads to the world of the dead and
 has a sacral cultic meaning: during a violent collision with the world of the dead the
 Sun should not be in the sky fully; the Moon should be seen as little as possible or
 there should be a full Moon in the sky.


This handy volume contains eighteen articles, the fruit of cutting-edge research in Augustinian scholarship today, in biography, philosophy, theology, and the history of ideas. An extensive bibliography and a concise index render it not only a pleasant and informative read, but also a useful tool for research. J. J. O'Donnell writes on new approaches to understanding and writing on Augustine's life, John Rist on faith and reason in Augustine, W. E. Mann on evil and original sin, James Wetzel on predestination, Pelagianism and foreknowledge, and Thomas Williams on Augustine's Biblical interpretation. Scott MacDonald's 'The divine nature', Mary T. Clark's 'De Trinitate ', and Simo Knuuttila's 'Time and creation', are followed by Roland Teske's 'Theory of soul ', Eleonore Stump's 'Free will ', and Roland Teske's 'Philosophy of memory'. Gerard O'Daly studies 'The response to skepticism and the mechanisms of cognition', G. B. Matthews 'Knowledge and illumination', Christopher Kirwan 'Philosophy of language', Bonnie Kent 'Ethics', and Paul Weithman 'Political thought'. M. W. F. Stone's account of Augustine's influence on medieval philosophy and G. B. Matthews's on 'Post-medieval Augustinianism' conclude the volume. Despite the wide range of topics, as well as authors, the book is remarkably coherent. Many articles complement each other, others present different views on similar issues. As a result, Augustine comes across as a religious philosopher who transformed his own as well as future ages, and whose thought is still worth studying today. A few remarks on individual points may further elucidate the character of this volume. John Rist excels in the difficult task of serving old wine in new skins. He demonstrates how Augustine tries to present a reasoned account of faith: that ' faith is an epistemic starting point ... , especially for religious truths, but ... not the ending point; [for] reason is necessary as well ' (2). G. B. Matthews and Gerard O'Daly approach Augustine's epistemology from two different angles: Matthews from his concept of divine illumination, O'Daly from his refutation of scepticism.


Abstract Structural studies of tungsten–titanium oxide thin films grown on alumina substrates have been performed on samples prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering of a W/Ti alloy (90% W and 10% Ti). Structural changes undergone by samples heated at 773 and 1073 K have been studied by using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoemission techniques. The results, which have been also discussed with the aid of a structural model, indicate that the original amorphous phase transforms by annealing into a crystalline phase of tungsten oxide with a degree of order depending on the annealing temperature. The relationship between titanium and the structure of the film is discussed in terms of disorder effects induced by the Ti ions in the WO3lattice. The ordering is ascribed to the segregation of Ti ions toward the surface upon annealing at 1073 K.


A landmine detection technique is proposed, based on differences in moisture content of the mine and the surrounding soil. Microwave radiation is used to heat the soil containing the mine. The moist soil is warmed far more than the mine. This produces temperature differences at the surface which can be detected by infra-red scanning. Laboratory tests show that buried nonmetallic objects can be located with this technique.


A small gaggle of lawyers chats in the hallway at family court, waiting for the afternoon calendar to begin. The clock strikes 1:30 p.m., and courtroom doors swing open. A stream of dour, frightened, and angry litigants trudge in. As the lawyers bid each other adieu, one quips, "Time to listen to more testilying." Colleagues chuckle as they disperse. Was the lawyer's remark nothing more than the grousing of a cynic, or is testilying common in family court? Is it more common in family court than elsewhere? There is no way to know. Ask a prosecutor or defense attorney whether witnesses lie in criminal court, and you are likely to be met with a wry smile, and the reply, "Obviously, you don't spend much time in criminal court. Of course witnesses lie. It's my job to catch them in the lie." I suspect similar sentiments would flow from attorneys in other spheres of practice. Don't get me wrong. I'm not suggesting that most, or even many, parties and witnesses lie in family court. But it is naive to think deliberate lying is rare. Some family law litigants are mentally ill, or nearly so, and lying is part and parcel of


The utility model discloses a mounting structure of a rotary encoder for a forcing press, which belongs to the technical field of forcing presses. The rotary encoder comprises an encoder input shaft and the encoder input shaft is connected with a signal shaft via a coupling. The signal shaft is fixedly connected with the shaft end part of a cam controller. The cam controller is arranged on the shaft of the cam controller via a bearing. The rotary encoder is arranged on the end face of the cam controller via a coupling support. The central section of the coupling support is a cylinder. One end of the cylinder is equipped with an encoder flange and the other end thereof is equipped with a cam controller flange. The rotary encoder is fixed to the encoder flange via a screw. The cam controller flange is fixed to the end face of the cam controller via a screw. Since the rotary encoder is in a rigid connection with the cam controller via the coupling support, the influence of the vibration on the measuring accuracy is reduced. Meanwhile, the service life of the rotary encoder is prolonged and the maintenance cost is reduced.


This article is based upon teaching materials prepared for the FAO Southern Africa Training Programme (Overseas Development Group, Norwich) and in preparation for another FAC project in land use and regional planning, Central Province, Zambia.


In this article, we report the mixed lubricant system, which consists of bonded FDTS islands and mobile perfluoropolyether lubricant. The mixed lubricant was deposited on a magnetic disk surface with carbon overcoat by immersion and dip-coating process and the durability and friction properties of the disk were evaluated by a scratch tester and ball-on-disk tribotester. The critical load of the disk coated with the mixed lubricant is higher than that of the disk coated with purely mobile PFPE lubricant even though the film thickness of the former is smaller than that of the latter. It is because that the FDTS islands allow to trap and maintain the mobile PFPE molecules on the disk surface. The friction coefficient of the disk coated with the mixed lubricant is increased with the bonded portion because the contact area is increased.


The fundamental principle and circuit design of a wireless data acquisition system based on flow sensor for wind speed and wind direction measurement are introduced in this paper. On the basis of analyzing the importance of wind for human and working principles of flow sensor and wireless data transmission module, a wireless wind speed and direction data acquisition system is designed including its hardware and software, in which AT89C52 is treated as main control unit.


Several issues were addressed which were thought to impact the performance of cockroach baits. These included responses to bait matrices such as speed-of-action, indirect toxicant uptake, physiological and behavioral resistance, and associative learning. Bait application approaches were also considered, leading to a discussion of a field method which reduced within-treatment variation, thereby providing better assessments of the intrinsic properties of cockroach baits.


The Hologic Aptima® HIV‐1 Quant Dx assay (Aptima HIV) is a real‐time transcription‐mediated amplification method CE‐approved for use in diagnosis and monitoring of HIV‐1 infection. The analytical performance of this new assay was compared to the FDA‐approved Abbott RealTime HIV‐1 (RealTime). The evaluation was performed using 220 clinical plasma samples, the WHO 3rd HIV‐1 International Standard, and the QCMD HIV‐1 RNA EQA. Concordance on qualitative results, correlation between quantitative results, accuracy, and reproducibility of viral load data were analyzed. The ability to measure HIV‐1 subtypes was assessed on the second WHO International Reference Preparation Panel for HIV‐1 Subtypes. With clinical samples, inter‐assay agreement for qualitative results was high (91.8%) with Cohen's kappa statistic equal to 0.836. For samples with quantitative results in both assays (n = 93), Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.980 (P < 0.0001) and mean differences of measurement, conducted according to Bland–Altman method, was low (0.115 log10 copies/ml). The Aptima HIV quantified the WHO 3rd HIV‐1 International Standard diluted from 2000 to 31 cp/ml (5,700–88 IU/ml) at expected values with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.970) and showed higher sensitivity compared to RealTime being able to detect HIV‐1 RNA in 10 out of 10 replicates containing down to 7 cp/ml (20 IU/ml). Reproducibility was very high, even at low HIV‐1 RNA values. The Aptima HIV was able to detect and accurately quantify all the main HIV‐1 subtypes in both reference panels and clinical samples. Besides excellent performance, Aptima HIV shows full automation, ease of use, and improved workflow compared to RealTime. J. Med. Virol. 88:1535–1544, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Be wildly known that sport is not mainstream culture, but it manifests an eager recreational mainstream ideology during its development.Because recreational character is one of essences of sport.The recreational mainstream ideology prompts modern sports development rapidly as a kind of innate power.Modern sports undergo an unusual development effected by some economic factors at present.Base on the research on the essential of problem,this thesis takes some suggestions to development of modern sports.


With the increasing density of transistors in advanced technology nodes, the radiation is an ongoing problem affecting the contents of memory cells. This paper presents the simulation results of radiation immunity for two different memory cell technologies: 32nm Bulk CMOS and 28nm FDSOI. The effect of Single-Event Upset (SEU) caused by the heavy ion impact with different Linear Energy Transfer characteristic (LET) is analyzed. A 32nm bulk 6T-SRAM cell is at least 6 times less resilient to heavy ion strikes than the 28nm FDSOI one.


Antibody 3G8 reacts with the receptor for the Fc fragment of aggregated IgG present on the majority of neutrophilic granulocytes and on a small proportion of lymphocytes. In this report, we compare the pattern of reactivity of antibody 3G8 on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with that of antibody B73.1, which reacts with the Fc receptor of natural killer (NK) cells or with a molecule functionally associated with it. We show that 3G8 reacts with the same PBL subset detected by antibody B73.1 and is responsible for virtually all NK cytotoxic activity. The lymphocyte subset recognized by the two antibodies has the morphology of large granular lymphocytes and includes neither B nor T cells. Our results indicate that NK cells and PMN express the same Fc receptor for immune complexes, and that B73.1 and 3G8 recognize on the same receptor two distinct epitopes that are preferentially expressed on NK cells and on PMN, respectively.


AbstractWhen a relation for void growth by vacancy diffusion during creep is combined with experimental data on bulk density changes, it is possible to assess void population at any stage of creep. The analysis is extended to estimate fracture times and comparison is made with previously published experimental results.


 There's a dearth of qualified people with expertise in STEM disciplines.  By 2018, there will be 1.4 million computing job openings in the United States, but only 29% of those jobs will be filled by U.S. graduates.  40 states produce fewer computing graduates than needed to fill projected openings in their states.  The number of girls studying computing has declined 13 percent in the past 10 years.  Women and information technology by the numbers: http://www.ncwit.org/pdf/BytheNumbers09.pdf  Women only make up 6% of today's pilots.  Women are underrepresented in the workforce in technology areas—there are more than 60 million women in the labor force today, yet women make up only 8% of engineers, 18% of engineering technicians, and 30% of natural scientists.  People with an associate's degree in a STEM field earn more than those with a bachelor's degree in education or liberal arts, according to data released Feb. 23, 2012, by the United States Census Bureau: An adult with an associate's degree in engineering earned an average of $4,800 monthly in 2009; someone with a bachelor's degree in education earned an average of $3,800.  Men vastly outnumber women in STEM fields. Nearly 90 percent of all engineering degrees are owned by men. In the physical sciences, math, and computer science, the difference is less pronounced, but men still outnumber women about 3 to 1.


A new method of differential control is based on the analogy with the brain function in visual-motor coordination. The proposed scheme simulates both learning and operation procedures in living creatures. The method does not require calculation of matrix inverses. The model of pseudoinversion of Jacobean is generated as a layered neural network. It is being developed during the learning process based on the error backpropagation algorithm. Its convergence is analyzed in detail for a linear case.


Since Branemark introduced the concept of osseointegration and the possibility of anchoring dental prostheses by intraosseous implantation in 1969, the clinical use of implants for oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation has rapidly expanded over the past 20 years. Biomechanical factors play a substantial role in implant success or failure. The application of occlusal forces induces stresses and strains within the implant-prosthesis complex and affects the bone remodeling process around implants.To achieve optimized biomechanical conditions for implant-supported prostheses, conscientious consideration of the biomechanical factors that influence prosthesis success is essential. Many different methods have been used to study the stress/strains in bone and dental implants. Photoelasticity provides good qualitative information pertaining to the overall location of stresses but only limited quantitative information. Strain-gauge measurements provide accurate data regarding strains only at the specific location of the gauge. Finite element analysis (FEA) is capable of providing detailed quantitative data at any location within mathematical model. Thus FEA has become a valuable analytical tool in the assessment of implant systems in dentistry.


ABSTRACT Brym's article critically reviews data and the small body of published research on the relationship between antisemitic and anti-Israel attitudes in Canada and internationally with the aim of identifying key questions that Canadian and non-Canadian researchers who are interested in this contentious issue might profitably address. It derives a series of hypotheses from the literature review and discusses methodological approaches to testing them.


. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the use of speech assistants in the private environment. Although such assistance systems would also be beneficial for manufacturing (for example, because workers have their hands free), speech assistants have not yet been widely used in the industrial environment. Against this background, we develop in this article a model with factors that influence the decision of industrial firms whether to adopt speech assistance for manufacturing. In order to do so, we rely on the Technology-Organiza-tion-Environment (TOE) framework and by interviewing 10 experts from firms that develop or use speech assistance solutions. Our model consists of 17 context factors that influence whether companies adopt speech assistance in manufacturing.


Instant healing, performance of miracles, public exorcism, supply of blessed objects for protection, and prophetic abilities are major religious practices that account for the popularity of certain Pentecostal leaders in contemporary Africa. Prophet T.B. Joshua, a renowned Nigerian televangelist, is one of them. Through his Emmanuel TV channel, he informs 'viewers all over the world' that invisible but influential evil forces are responsible for their daily challenges and that people can enjoy prosperity when they are purged of malevolent spirits. This article describes the practices and narratives of liberation from unknown bondage by Cameroonians who draw inspiration from T.B. Joshua's prophetic messages and displays. The aspects covered include the desire to embark on a pilgrimage to T.B. Joshua's church in Nigeria and actors' use of his blessed religious objects to neutralise, destroy, or fight off invisible evil forces suspected of halting their socioeconomic progress.


In this paper,aiming at the problem of continuous casting close-packed roll equipment used in steel plant:the effect is not good,maintenance and installation is difficult,combined with its design principles and product difficulties,a continuous casting close-packed roller equipment with optimized structure optimization and processing is designed.


A method has been developed for detecting watermarks in displayed video content using a smart phone. The computational load involved in processing a full-size image is reduced by using Gaussian filtering to analyze the complexity of the image regions. Watermarks are assumed to be embedded in those regions with higher complexity. Each region is then checked for watermarks in descending order of complexity. Quick and reliable watermark detection is achieved by adjusting the number of checked regions so that the calculation speed matches device-hardware performance. System testing demonstrated that the developed method is practical to some degree for maintaining image quality and providing watermark robustness.


An insert retention apparatus, comprising: an actuator (20) including a drive system (22), a drive assembly (24), and a control unit (26); a tool (60) of the mold insert; and at least one support (40) holder having an axis (Y) defined therethrough operably connected to the drive assembly of the actuator configured for movement through the tool insert mold between a first position where at least a retaining bracket engages and maintains a stamping in fixed position within the tool insert mold while a liquid resin is injected into the mold tool insertion, to a second position wherein at least one retaining bracket disengages and moves relative to the stamping prior to the resin is fully cured, the apparatus being characterized in that: the actuator is configured to translate the retention post along the axis and rotating the retaining bracket about axis to facilitate disengagement with the stamping.


Common-emitter current gain is measured by comparing the voltages across equal resistors, 10 ω or 75 ω, in the base and collector paths. Coaxially housed tubular high stability carbon resistors are used in a structure which presents a uniform resistance up to 300 Mc/s. The voltages across the resistors are compared by feeding them to a detector via accurately balanced capacitors of about 0.5 pF incorporated in the test jig. Construction and performance of the equipment are described and correction formulae are given relating the measured current gain to the parameter f1. Measurements made on several very high frequency transistors using the test jig and an alternative method employing high grade commercial apparatus showed satisfactory agreement.


an individual defined by the construct of species. This paper is dedicated to my non-human/more-than-human co-authors Pietari of the Columbae family and Otto of the Corvidae family. Together we write about how the notion of "life" can be understood beyond species categories, beyond individual bodies and beyond linear time. That is, when "a life" refers to something shared, something multiple, rather than something singular. We also write about and take up concepts as methods in a multispecies inquiry (Rautio, in press). In this paper, multispecies inquiry is not only an inquiry with and between species but inquiry into the very idea of there being multiple species – it is a deconstruction and a reconsideration of life divided by species lines. Introduction


The main elements of this study are intended to complement an earlier study entitled, "Spill Prevention Techniques for Hazardous Polluting Substances" under EPA Contract 14-12-927 and published by the Water Quality Office, February 1971. This related report, "Regulations, Practices and Plans for the Prevention of Spills of Oil and Hazardous Polluting Substances," Volumes I and II, represents the results of a three-phase study effort to: (1) review Federal, State, local, commercial and industrial rules, regulations, standards and recommended practices to prevent the spills of oil and hazardous polluting substances, (2) survey selected facilities and plants in the field to document the state of the art in spill prevention technology and critically evaluate the "cause and effect" relationship of spill prevention technology to rules, regulations, and standards, (3) prepare a program plan (prototype plan) that proposes a balanced Federal, State, local and industry spill prevention program. Volume I presents the results of Phases 1 and 2; Volume II gives a summary of the program and presents the program plan. In addition, this study shows that spill prevention for oil and hazardous polluting substances is practiced mainly as a result of fire and safety codes. There are, in fact, very few spill prevention programs for environmental protection at the Federal, State and local levels of government. The data documented in this study and the prototype plan could be used as a basis for identifying problems associated with spill prevention.


This article is concerned with the impact of the activities of so-called Barbary states on the political discourse on a separate Norwegian civil ensign in the union of Norway and Sweden, 1814–1821. In this parliamentary discourse, the argument was made that the Barbary states' practice of selling treaties of safe passage in order for Christian states to avoid their ships being captured and crews enslaved could endanger the internal political stability of the union. Political measures were taken to avoid such a situation occurring. This case is an indication of how established modes of coexistence between Europe and North Africa could become problematic with the advent of modern constitutions.


This study on the theme of female participation at Venice Biennale from 1895 to 1995 contains data that allow us to outline the history of their participation, also in comparison of the male one. In order to limit the number of the analised artists and in order to carry out a more in-depth analysis, the first ten editions of Venice Biennale (1895-1912) were chosen: for this reason, the sculpture sector was also preferred as case study. A specific situation of the Venetian exhibition has been discovered. The artistic training of some sculptors and the study of art history made it possible to understand the role of women.


According to the "Official Written Reply" made by the Executive Bureau of the Supreme People's Court,the returning agreement has the efficacy to establish a new relationship of debt.However,there exist inconsistencies in implementation of the "Reply" due to its constraints.This paper argues that if it is to acquire efficacy to establish a new relationship of debt, the returning agreement must be of genuine necessity and of adequate theoretical foundation.In practice,the court should adopt corresponding hearing procedure according to the different ending manner of the former case and in the premise of the deference to the efficacy of judgment.


Artificial neural network (ANN) model is proposed as an alternative to the conventional
sediment transport models for Sungai Bernam. This study evaluates the existing sediment
transport equations against the local river data. Equations used in evaluations are Ackers
& White, Ariffin, Engelund & Hansen, Einstein-Brown, Graf and Yang equations.
Selections of the equations are based on their performance by previous investigator.
Accuracy of the proposed sediment model was evaluated using the discrepancy ratio.
Discrepancy ratio is the ratio of predicted to measured sediment values. From the
evaluations, Engelund and Hansen equation gave the best prediction when tested against
the local river data. In this study, an improvement on the equation was made and ANN is
used as a tool in analysis. The proposed architecture of the sediment model is a 3 layer
multi perceptron model (2:3:3:3:1) with two neurons in the input layer. The hidden layer
consisting of three slabs and each slab in the hidden layer has 3 neurons. The output
neuron is the total sediment load. The momentum rate parameter and learning rate
parameter are 0.4, and 0.3 respectively. The proposed model was trained using 36 sets of
field data and was further validated using a different set of field data. In both training and
testing phases, the proposed models yield about 90% accuracy. The accuracy of the
model was measured using the discrepancy ratio. Range of discrepancy ratio used for
measurement of accuracy is 0.5 to 2.0.


Aim: To determine the association between dental anomalies and type of facial cleft, gender, ethnicity and timing of hard palate repair surgery. Methods: This observational study comprised a total of 85 non-syndromic cleft children (mean age 9.7 ± 3.2 years) of different ethnicity (68 Caucasians, 7 Asians, 4 Africans, 5 Hispanics and 1 Indian). Sixty-four patients were affected by lip palate cleft, 11 by lip alveolus cleft and 10 by palate cleft. Sixty-one children underwent delayed palate repair at 4.3 years of age, while 21 underwent early palate periosteoplasty at 7.2 months of age. Patients were examined clinically and radiologically to assess dental anomalies. Dental cavities were registered using dmft/DMFT indexes in primary and permanent dentition, while enamel defects were evaluated only in permanent teeth using Aine index. Results: Tooth rotation and agenesis were the most common tooth anomalies affecting 59% and 42.2% of cleft patients, respectively. While a late closure of the cleft palate was associated with a higher number of rotations (P = 0.03), an early surgical correction was associated to a higher frequency of tooth agenesis (P = 0.02), number of carious lesions in primary dentition (P = 0.002) and more severe enamel defects in permanent teeth (P < 0.01). A late palate repair increased 3.5 times the likelihood of having at least one rotated tooth (P = 0.034), while decreased the odds of having agenesis by 70% (P = 0.029) compared to an early surgical repair. Conclusion: Early surgical approaches seem to have more detrimental effects on dental development in both primary and permanent dentition than late surgical protocols. Dental abnormalities in cleft patients have complex etiology combining genetic and external factors and their prevalence can also depend on timing of hard palate