Amongst the struggles undertaken by indigenous peoples, decolonizing academic spaces has been growing in relevance to indigenous movements and their allies over the past few decades. In the academic sphere, the struggle for decolonization involves exchanging knowledges and valuing the other's perspectives, thus overcoming knowledge overlaps. Therefore, academic work, research and thinking carried out by indigenous individuals inside academia constitute new strategies to face this struggle. Based on the author's personal and academic trajectories, the path followed until achieving higher education, along with its challenges and difficulties, is presented, triggering a discussion about the importance of affirmative actions and the possibilities of political organization in academic settings. This paper points out that indigenous participation in higher education allows intercultural experiences and the exchange of knowledges in a way they don't overshadow one another, overcoming barriers established since time immemorial.


For the characteristic of permanent magnet linear motor used in direct drive servo systems suffering from the bad effect of load disturbances,measure noises and parameters variations easily,a robust 2-DOF speed controller is designed based on H_∞/μcontrol method.Using the standard H_∞control theory can increase the seeking speed largely when seeking forμcontroller.The control scheme solves the conflict between fast tracking performance and interference rejection of 1-DOF controller,overcomes the conservation character of standard H_∞controller,and is better in robustness against load disturbances and parameter uncertainties than standard H_∞controller. Simulation results show that the proposed robust 2-DOF speed controller based on H_∞/μcontrol method meets the requirement of the robustness and rapidity for high-precision permanent magnet linear motor servo system used in direct drive servo systems.


There are many ways to be competitive (as there are many ways to be cooperative, too). The most studied one, both theoretically and empirically, is called "rationality" (maximization of self-interest). The term rationality traditionally refers to individuals acting towards the maximization of their own selfish interests, measured by the "pay-off" concept originally introduced in game theory (Neumann, & Morgenstern, 2004; Tversky, Kahneman, 1986). In a sense, one compares his/her fate in all possible scenarios and chooses the best possible outcome. However, in most real situations of experimental interest, people compete against each other. Taking as an example an experimental game, where each of two individuals has two strategic possibilities and pay-off functions associated with all possible combinations, a simple maximization of one's pay-off says nothing about the effect of this decision to the direct competitor's pay-off. If a strategic decision maximizes one's pay-off but results in an even higher pay-off for the opponent, then this may be a wrong decision in an environment of direct competition. In fact, mathematical models along these lines are considered the starting point of the studies of cooperation, as the benefit of one is also a benefit for the other (Chalub, Santos, Pacheco, 2006; Falk, Fehr, & Fischbacher, 2005; Hamilton, 1970; Leimar, & Hammerstein, 2001; Santos, & Pacheco, 2005; Santos, Pacheco, & Lenaerts, 2006; Trivers, 1971). Evolutionary psychology has further explored this by studying the impact that neurological and emotional processes related to altruism and cooperation have on the survival and spread of individuals (Van Lange, 1999; Van Lange, Agnew, Harinck, & Steemers, 1997; de Wall, 1996). Defined as an act that causes loss of payoff (or any other type of cost) to the opponent, spite may be advantageous in a competitive scenario given certain precise conditions. We will not specify here the full set of conditions that make spite advantageous; we stress however, that rationality (maximization of own's payoff) and spite (minimization of other's payoff) are not mutually exclusive. Humans display many behaviors that could be classified as spiteful and spite is often linked with negative emotional responses to inequity such as envy and jealousy (Berke, 1988; Dufwenberg, & Guth 2000; Salovey, & Rothman 1991; Smith, 1991). Although apparently maladaptive, these behaviors are suited to certain competitive contexts. By comparing payoffs directly with another individual, one could be empowered with the means of assessing the best strategy for obtaining a payoff. Some authors have suggested that this would elicit an "outcompete your neighbor" decision process that would allow exerting just the right amount of effort to succeed in outcompeting rivals (Hill & Buss, 2008). In economics, the process of dumping (where a firm decreases the price of its product, possibly below cost price, intending to drive competitors out of the market) is such an example (Winters, 1991). Humans also commonly display what is known as "last-place aversion." In this case individuals prefer to minimize the probability of being last (for example, in a ranking of income distribution), rather than maximizing their own pay-off (Kuziemko, Buell, Reich, & Norton, 2011). Spiteful behavior has also been identified in a study where higher-ranking individuals are more likely to spite lower ranking individuals than their similars (Fehr, Hoff & Kshetramade 2008). For this study, the starting point was to understand if the propensity for spiteful behavior was present in children along with the propensity for rationality, or if children displayed these propensities at different stages of their development, ultimately comparing the motivations and the ability of children and teenagers to react to stimuli that induced behavior in one or the other direction. Namely, we wanted to quantify, according to age, the propensity for acting rationally or spitefully. …


The noise radiated by exhaust fans from the top of the chimneys is a source of noise for the territory of the enterprise and the surrounding area. This manuscript analyzes the impact of aerodynamic factors on silencers of the exhausts fans. The high aerodynamic resistance makes it impossible to use certain types of dissipative silencers. For the analysis of changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of the gas path used specialized software package. Mathematical modeling results show the effect of the aerodynamic drag on the selection of the dimensions of dissipative silencers, their type and location of their placement in the complex gas duct. In a complex gas duct aerodynamic factors are particularly strong influence on the choice of the silencer. It is necessary that the elements of the silencer not only reduce noise but also reduce aerodynamic drag. This is achieved by a special sound absorbing plates lining bends, as well as the use of special sound-absorbing structures with channel expansion. It is shown that the distance from the location of the baffle silencer up to the bend could influence to aerodynamic drag. Examples of practical application of the installation of silencers are given.


This paper describes the application of the
Trial Load Method to the analysis of Clark Dam, a
unit of the Tarraleah Development built and operated
by The Hydro Electric Co.mmission of Tasmania.
Samples of the actual calculation forms used are
included and the methods of computation are explained.
The final analysis of the dam as constructed
is presented with specimen computations,
and the remainder suitably condensed and tabulated.


Based on single-species freshwater acute toxicity data in China and the United states, species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of vertebrates (including fish) and invertebrates (including arthropods and non-arthropod invertebrates) to mercury were constructed, and species sensitivity to mercury in these two countries were compared. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference between sensitivity distributions of the Chinese and American taxa. However, the hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) range of Chinese species to short-term mercury exposure was lower than that of the American species, especially for non-arthropod invertebrates. HC5 for American non-arthropod invertebrates to mercury was 7.4 times larger than that for the corresponding Chinese species. Under the 95% protection level and including all the species, the tested invertebrates were more sensitive to mercury than the vertebrates in both China and the United States. However, in the lower taxonomic classification level, the sensitivity decreased in the order of arthropod non-arthropod invertebrates fish in China, but the order was arthropods fish non-arthropod invertebrates in the United States. Therefore, in determining the water quality criteria based on the sensitivity of all the species, we should also consider the influence of SSD of individual groups. The water quality criteria derived from the species sensitivity distribution of American species may make the aquatic species in China out of protection.


Handling of chronic disease in Nigeria health care system is perfunctory as illnesses that require long-term monitoring get very little or no attention due to lack of proper facilities to handle such cases. Use of traditional mode of patient monitoring system where patient visit hospital to see doctor is still order of the day in our hospitals. Hence result to bad management of chronic diseases and long queue in the various hospital across the nation. This research addressed the problems associated with the use of the traditional mode of engagement of patient with chronic diseases. The research is focused on design a Remote Patient Monitoring System for monitoring patients with chronic condition by healthcare provider. The system will supports and allows for greater care of patient with chronic disease like hypertension.


Summary This study is drawn from nine case‐studies of Years 5 and 6 children engaged in classroom discussion following a dramatised story. It examines the organisation of the discussions and the role of the teacher in facilitating them. Presentation of classroom transcripts provides an insight into the complex process of meaning‐building which children engage in through dialogue with each other. The teaching strategy used is a Community of Inquiry, which aims to help children think both critically and creatively. In describing the process of arriving at a question for discussion it is argued that children are capable of forming their own questions and following them through in dialogue with each other. The role of teachers in the success of such discussion is crucial; they are required to help the children submit their ideas to scrutiny and challenge, whilst suspending their own views and opinions. The data support the view that dialogue can play a central part in children's construction of meaning.


This is an important time for soil conservation and protection in Europe, as the European community is in the process of formulating a soil-protection strategy. The first step was the publication of a Soil Strategy paper by DG-ENV (2002) that identified six major threats to both the soil and the landscape. These included threats associated with soil erosion, soil compaction, salinity, contamination and organic matter. The second phase involved establishing a European Soil Forum in April 2003 with a mandate to set up working and technical groups to look at these threats as well as a number of other cross-cutting issues such as soil monitoring and research. The working groups produced several thousand pages of documents that can be downloaded from the European Union (EU) Circa Soil Policy website (http:// forum.europa.eu.int/Public/irc/env/soil/home) or obtained from the Joint Research Centre. Each report was structured according to the DPSIR framework (see later) promoted by the European Environment Agency and other organizations for reporting on indicators. Now, the findings of this research have to be translated into a soilconservation policy that may or may not result in a soil-protection directive. Soil threats were considered in terms of the Drivers, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses (DPSIR) in order to facilitate communication between scientists and policy makers (http://themes.eea.eu.int/Specific_media/soil/indicators). SCAPE (Soil Conservation and Protection Strategies for Europe; www.scape.org) is a platform for the discussion of the scientific basis for the sustainable management of European soils. SCAPE recognized that land-degradation problems vary across Europe. It therefore planned five workshops that would report on different aspects of land degradation along a north–south transect across Europe. The first of these was held at Alicante in June 2003 and it looked at land-degradation threats in areas undergoing desertification in Spain. Subsequent casestudy sites were to be in Italy, Austria, Norway and Iceland. Other case studies were organized to cover specific situations not present at these locations (for example, the Central European Plain, urban areas, and economic aspects of soil protection). This edition of Land Degradation & Development contains mainly papers from the Alicante meeting. Subsequent issues are likely that will look at the other areas that have regionally specific problems. An objective is to identify common soil-protection strategies in geographically contrasted areas. This issue of Land Degradation & Development contains a collection of papers all of which were developed from presentations made at the first SCAPE workshop, which was held in Alicante, Spain, in June 2003. Shorter versions of papers that are not included in this volume can be found in a collection of briefing papers that were published for the meeting.


Mass movements occurrences are well studied, however there are still possible improvements regarding their factor of safety simulation. This paper focus on the influence of spatialized pedological data and geotechnical data, two of the major limitations for this type of modeling. Numerous mass movements were triggered by an extreme precipitation event in southern Brazil, when the rainwaters reached 300mm in just 24 hours. A local watershed was chosen for field campaigns to supply a safety factor model and show the direct influence of field data on the result efficiency. For this, four different scenarios were created using combination of field data and spatialized soil thickness throughout the watershed area. The results showed an improve of 12% on the simulation efficiency when compared to a homogeneus soil thickness and average geotechnical values scenario, showing the importance of field studies for factor of safety simulations.


an important dimension of the issue of meshing work and family. In tandem with policy-level strategies for change, suggestions for direct work with employed mothers and dual-earner couples with children in the final chapter on new directions would have been most beneficial. Overall, both the novice and seasoned reader in this area will find this compact volume a useful addition to his or her library.


Suppliers to the oil and gas industry are experiencing an increased pressure from customers to deliver products at a lower cost and shorter schedule. One of the most costly single activity in packaging a Complex System is the process of system integration testing, verification and validation (test phase). In the researched Company this process has also proven to be a bottleneck. Symptoms are accumulated units ready for test, projects that are not put through, and delayed completion of projects.


In many SAS programming situations, it pays to be aware of the current state of the SAS session environment. Features added to recent releases of the SAS/BASE product are making this increasingly possible. This paper presents programming techniques that permit programs to obtain the session information necessary to make intelligent choices on the fly, prevent problems, and avoid trampling blindly on the pre-existing state of the session. The techniques discussed here, when used in macros, are "invisible" they operate behind the scenes and don't leave any traces in the log.


Rufino arrives in Rio de Janeiro between the last months of 1835 and the first days of 1836, one year after the great Muslim slave rebellion in Salvador. As a result, African Muslims became a main targets of police authorities in Rio de Janeiro, for some of the rebels had been sold, if slaves, or migrated, if freedpersons, to the capital of the Brazilian empire. Throughout the 1830s there were rumors and fear of slave rebellions. Marronage in the suburbs, slave flights, and resistance were rampant. The city and its hinterland were under heavy police surveillance. West Africans, like Rufino, were closely watched.


Background Filaggrin (FLG) is a highly abundant protein in the outermost layers of the epidermis, where it performs a critical cell-compaction process during the formation of the stratum corneum, the terminally differentiated cell layer responsible for skin barrier function. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the expression of FLG in atopic dermatitis (AD) and ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) compared with normal skin, to throw a light on the implication of FLG in the etiopathogenesis of AD and IV. Patients and methods This study included 30 patients with AD, 30 patients with IV, and 15 healthy controls. Skin punch biopsies of 3 mm were taken from the studied participants. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using FLG antibodies. Results The decrease in FLG expression in AD and IV patients showed a highly significant difference compared with normal skin. In the AD group, the decrease in FLG staining intensity was highly significantly correlated with SCORAD score. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between the intensities of FLG expression in patients with a positive family history for the disease in both groups. Conclusion A significant deficiency of FLG expression in AD and IV may point toward a structural and functional pathway in explaining disease initiation, with important implications for therapy and prevention.


Following the problems with presidential voting in Florida in 2000, voters and political scientists became interested in election administration. While empirical studies have shown that different election equipment can produce different tabulation error rates, little is known about the factors that affect voters' perceptions of good election administration. Using a survey of voters in Georgia, we examine these perceptions of the voting process. We find that black voters and Democrats were significantly less confident than others that their votes were counted accurately and that they were also more likely to express concerns over the election equipment they used. In contrast, the actual voting environment, including the type of voting equipment used, appears to have no direct bearing on voters' trust in the process.


In this work, the plasma gasification is assessed and compared to the conventional entrained flow technology in an equilibrium-based power plant gasification simulation model. The two power plant models are developed within Aspen Plus environment representing an integrated plasma- and entrained flow-gasification combined cycles (IPGCC, and IGCC). They are fed with abundant feedstock consists of MSW and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Waste sludge (PHW). These are initially analyzed according to their proximate and ultimate analyses. Thereafter, using Abu Dhabi city with a population of nearly 2,000,000 residents the total amount of generated waste is estimated. Next, different parametric studies are carried out under variable oxidizer fraction and MSW-PHW co-gasification mixture. It was found, at a daily feed of 1,338 tons consisting of 90% MSW and 10% PHW, the total electrical power generation is 81 MW using IPGCC plant and 100.2 MW using IGCC. The corresponding overall efficiencies are 33.6% for the former and 41.4% for the later.


Some time ago I ventured to print a monograph on the Avars in the Journal of the Asiatic Society. I should now like to continue the story by analyzing the difficult ethnological and historical problems involved in discriminating the races which occupied the Steppes of South-eastern Europe before the arrival of the Avars. The question has exercised many inquirers, nor does it seem to me that a final and definite answer can be reached, but we can at all events secure a tentative solution of the problem.


English is a kind of language that to be the center of any languages in the world. It has a meaningful for every word that comes out from human mind. English textbook is quit important for all over schools in the world. Schools need to have a textbook in order to help the students easier to get through English knowledge.
This study is aimed at analyzing thematic development of reading texts in "English Zone textbook" of eleventh grade of senior high school. Here, I analyze six texts from five types of texts in "English Zone textbook", in order to the research is not too wide. Therefore, I take one of the texts from each type of text as the representative.
This is a qualitative descriptive study. The data were collected by analyzing the thematic development of reading texts in "English Zone textbook"of eleventh grade of senior high school.The texts are;one report text, twonarrative texts,one analytical exposition text, one spoof text, and one hortatory exposition text. I analyze and describe based on what (Gerot and Wignel)and (Eggins) particularly exemplified.
The results shows that the thematic development of reading texts in "English Zone textbook" of eleventh grade of senior high school is found 5 types of thematic development.; 18 for re-iterate themes, 5 zigzag themes, 1multiple theme, 6 blending, and 1 unclear. So, the total of all paragraphs must be 31 paragraphs.
Based on the result, the dominant thematic development is re-iterate or constant or parallel theme that is 18. It means that the writer of "English Zone textbook" mostly develops the texts by using re-iterate or constant or parallel theme which re-iterates the theme to the next theme. It is informative, easier and understandable, especially for the students of eleventh grade of senior high school.
Therefore, the teacher should find a book which contains good texts in thematic development. They can get it by looking at the background of the book or at least looking at the good publisher that has approved by the government. By that, it can facilitate the students in understanding the texts. The teacher should also analyze the thematic development of the texts, in order to know whether the text is understandable or not.


【Task】 Yet simple to manufacture and installation, to result in high stability to the assembled modules. A The present invention has a wall module (100), furniture, providing a modular system (10) for such display structure, the wall module each comprise the following. A wall (101, 102) which are opposed to each other, the front (105), and the front and the surface (106) after being placed opposite to the (105), disposed opposite to each other, the wall module (100) the a contact region comprising a connecting member (150,155,159,160,170) for connecting to each other (103, 104), the coupling member, at least one L-shaped, T-shaped or cruciform cross-section, has an area, the wall module (100), one of the connection members (150,155,159,160,170) moiety (150a, 150b, 160 a - 160 c, 170 a to 170 d) for receiving at each of a, It has at least one recess (110), one part (150a of the connecting member (150,155,159,160,170), 150b, 160a 160c, 170 a to 170 d) conforms to the shape of the recess (110). Recess (110), as a starting point on one side of the contact region (103, 104) of the wall module (100), disposed opposite the contact area of the above, the other side of the wall module (100) contacts region extending in the direction of (103, 104), the wall surface from the (101, 102), through the wall module (100) in the direction of the wall surface (102, 101) on the opposite side, front (105) disposed to face each other portion (105a, 106a) and rear (106) and disposed between the adjacent, portion of the connecting member (150, 160, 170) (150a, 150b, 160 a - 160 c, 170 a to 170 d) in the range of, their the recess (110) of the wall module (100), arranged facing each other, when inserted in a direction perpendicular to the wall (101, 102) of the wall module (100) To, arranged to face each other, corresponding to the distance between the wall surfaces (101, 102) between the wall module (100). .FIELD 1


The economic science, the so-called 'neoclassical economics', has usually avoided considering the values of its field of study. This has led to important limitations in its theoretical system. This article intends to go beyond this neutral positivist approach. It presents different theoretical lines which include those values within the economic analysis, exploring their consequences. It studies the relationship between values and the individuals' behaviour, specially the cooperative behaviour, and the relationship between values and institutions and organizations. (Editor's note: cooperatives are organizations which have historically included certain social values, such as democracy, equity and solidarity, among their rules of economic behaviour).


In 1957, Bergmann and Leipnik attempted to find static spherically symmetric solutions of a special form of the field equations of general relativity. They were not able to find explicit expressions for the gravitational potentials, and they did not realize that such expressions could be found by using a different coordinate system. Although Buchdahl developed an elegant procedure for finding, by inspection, the solutions sought by Bergmann and Leipnik, his procedure is severely limited when applied to the spherically symmetric case. Indeed, his procedure fails to identify one whole class of such static solutions. The object of this paper is to show that, under the assumptions of Bergmann and Leipnik, the integration of the field equations is almost trivial, and to identify the missing class of solutions.


Objective To provide the science evidence of the intervening of mental crisis intervention in earthquake.Method:The experience of mental crisis intervention in Sichuan 5.12 Earthquake were analyzed combining the theories of mental crisis intervention .Conclusions:The mental crisis intervention in earthquake will get good effect which it intervenes in acute stress stage.The intervening place and people are what we have to think about.The place should be sanctuary and the people should be whose lives are safe and whose basic needs have been satisfied.There are four measures in the intervening of mental crisis intervention in earthquake.They are psychological supporting and company,ralaxation therapy,psychological catharsis and critical incident stress debriefing.


Background: Noni leaf (Morinda citrifolia L.) extract is a natural product that can be used as a sunscreen. The extract contains flavonoids which function act as an antioxidant. In this work, sunscreen cream formulated with noni leaf extract was prepared using a combination of tween 80 and lecithin. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the combination of tween 80 and lecithin affects the physical qualities of the cream, such as organoleptic, homogeneity, emulsion type, spreadability, adhesion, pH, and stability over 28 days of storage at room temperature, and to find the best formula. Methods: This study used 10% of noni leaf extract in the cream formulation. The Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method was used to determine the effect of different concentrations of the two emulsifiers on the cream's spreadability, adhesion, and pH. Furthermore, the SLD was used to find the best formula. Results: The results showed that different concentrations of the emulsifier, which are the tween 80 and lecithin combination, affected the physical properties and storage stability of cream preparations. The interaction of tween 80 and lecithin is having a significant impact on the cream's adhesion and spreadability; however, the effect of the interaction on the pH value was not significant. Conclusion: The formula containing 2.5 % tween 80 and 2.5 percent lecithin was found to be the most effective in fulfilling the cream physical properties while remaining stable during storage.


Recent results on state-selective electron capture in collisions of Ar2+ with alkali atoms by Reese and Elbel are at variance with results published by the present authors. Possible reasons for this are discussed.


Abstract : The Earths inner and outer radiation belts, comprising energetic electrons and protons, pose a hazard to DoD spacecraft. Air ForceResearch Laboratory (AFRL) has an ongoing research effort to model and forecast the configurations of the belts, and to develop protective technologies for spacecraft. This final report summarizes these developments and research performed at AFRL during FY 20132015 to address them, funded by AFOSR grant 13RV08COR, Radiation Belt Dynamics.


The purpose of a simulation is to try to get an indication on how a given system will behave in a range of different scenarios. For this kind of research to have any value, it is important that the simulator models reality in a reliable way. In this thesis, we have chosen a common test suite through which we evaluate the TCP functionality of three major opensource simulators: ns-2, ns-3 and OMNeT++. As our set of test cases, we have used the TCP evaluation suite, which is meant to become a standardized test suite for evaluating TCP extensions. The suite already exists for ns-2, while we have implemented elements of the suite in both ns3, and in OMNeT++. As a consequence of this, we have had to implement the tmix traffic generator as well for OMNeT++, and we have also worked on improving tmix for ns-3. These implementations of the test suite lead to some interesting observations regarding the TCP functionality of each network simulator. Through working with the test suite however, we have revealed several weaknesses in it. We have identified a range of items that need improvement before the test suite may become a useful tool.


The three dimensional mean spherical model on a hypercubic lattice with a film geometry $L\times \infty ^2$ under periodic boundary conditions is considered in the presence of an external magnetic field $H$. The universal Casimir amplitude $\Delta $ and the Binder's cumulant ratio $B$ are calculated exactly and found to be $\Delta =-2\zeta (3)/(5\pi)\approx -0.153051$ and $B=2\pi /(\sqrt{5}\ln ^3[(1+\sqrt{5})/2]).$ A discussion on the relations between the finite temperature $C$-function, usually defined for quantum systems, and the excess free energy (due to the finite-size contributions to the free energy of the system) scaling function is presented. It is demonstrated that the $C$-function of the model equals 4/5 at the bulk critical temperature $T_c$. It is analytically shown that the excess free energy is a monotonically increasing function of the temperature $T$ and of the magnetic field $|H|$ in the vicinity of $T_c.$ This property is supposed to hold for any classical $d$-dimensional $O(n),n>2,$ model with a film geometry under periodic boundary conditions when $d\leq 3$. An analytical evidence is also presented to confirm that the Casimir force in the system is negative both below and in the vicinity of the bulk critical temperature $T_c.$


Comparaüve investigation of molar roots in the Upper jaw of K-inbred and outbred rats Compared and investigated were the molar roots in the upper jaw of 524 male and female rats of K-inbred strain and outbred stock (age 64-957 days). The heads of rats in inbred generations from F 7 to F 24 were collected randomly. The heads were macerated, the teeth extracted and evaluated microscopically. Results demonstrate increasing uniformity of the pattern of molar roots in K-inbred rats with descending generations. In outbred rats the tendency to variability of pattern is preserved. This result is remarkable because in general inbred animals are uniform only in characteristics breeding by selection.


As witnessed by its 45-page bibliography, Peebles' book is based on exhaustive historical documentation. It makes excellent use of both primary and secondary sources, including his own recollections and personal communications from some of his colleagues which add valuable information that cannot be found elsewhere. However, the historical perspective is largely limited to the technical and scientific development, which Peebles describes in fascinating and insightful details. As indicated by the subtitle, the book is an inside history and not an outside or contextual history of modern cosmology. This is indirectly reflected in the bibliography which comprises more than 1000 references of which fewer than a handful are written by historians of science. The book has almost nothing to say about the history of cosmology in its broader sense, including such aspects as its public appeal, its social and communicative structure, and its ideological and philosophical implications. Some of the more general perspectives are taken up in the final chapter, which is reflective and interesting if also, in my view, disappointingly narrow. The chapter includes a section with the provocative title "The Social Construction of Science." Although Peebles is definitely not a social constructivist in the sense of philosophy and sociology of science, he labels cosmology in the 1920s as a "social construction" which eventually, with new observations and methods of testing, was turned into an "empirical construction." Cosmology's Century is primarily written with a scientific audience in mind, but it is also of great interest, even indispensable, for the small community of historians of modern astrophysics and cosmology. As Peebles notes in the preface, "It is generally acknowledged that in natural science, we take poor care of our history" (p. viii). This may be true in general, but with Cosmology's Century it is no longer the case for modern cosmology. Its limitations apart, the book is by far the most authoritative and detailed account of how cosmology, a century after Einstein's pioneering theory of the universe of 1917, became an advanced science in the form of the present standard cosmological model.


The concept of a life cycle is at the core of most records management programmes. The activities of records management programmes are developed upon this concept, which has several phases that explain the stages or status of records – from creation through use and maintenance to ultimate disposal. However, it has been argued that the life cycle concept only fits successfully into paper-based records management. The concept is said to be inadequate when applied to electronic records, where records are unlikely to reach a definite inactive point but are instead migrated into new formats following developments in technology. Electronic records always need to be transacted, migrated and converted by hardware and software in order to be readable by their creators and users. A comparison of the way in which the life cycle concept has been modified over the years to accommodate the different characteristics of electronic records will demonstrate that the concept is inappropriate for technology-generated records.


Objective
To investigate the association between hyperuricemia and urinary calculus in diabetic patients and non-diabetic healthy subjects.

Methods
Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of diabetic patients and non-diabetic healthy subjects between January 2011 and September 2014, including body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, blood fat, estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and urinary ultrasound. A total of 2 186 non-diabetic healthy subjects and 4 045 diabetic patients were included in this study. The mean age of non-diabetic healthy subjects was (44±14) years; 762 males and 1 424 females. The mean age of diabetic patients was(59±13) years; 2 260 males and 1 785 females. The prevalences of urinary calculus in subjects with hyperuricemia and without in the two groups were compared with χ2 test; and the prevalences of urinary calculus in subjects with different levels of uric acid were calculated too. Besides, the influence of hyperuricemia, diabetes on the prevalence of urinary calculus were also analyzed.

Results
The prevalence of urinary calculus in hyperuricemia group(7.9%) was significantly higher than that in normal serum uric acid group(3.5%) in non-diabetic group (χ2=5.453, P 420 μmol/L than the subjects with serum uric acid ≤300 μmol/L (non-diabetic subjects: OR=3.037, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.386-6.655, P<0.01; diabetic subjects: OR=1.520, 95%CI: 1.120-2.063, P<0.01). The risk of urinary calculus increased significantly in patients with hyperuricemia, diabetes or both diseases compared with that in non-diabetic non-hyperuricemia subjects (hyperuricemia: 7.9% vs 3.5%, OR=2.405, 95% CI: 1.125-5.140, P<0.05; diabetes: 10.5% vs 3.5%, OR=3.292, 95%CI: 2.543-4.262, P<0.01; both hyperuricemia and diabetes: 13.9% vs 3.5%, OR=4.501, 95% CI: 3.170-6.390, P<0.01).

Conclusions
The prevalence of urinary calculus in hyperuricemia patients is higher than that in normal serum uric acid subjects among non-diabetic healthy subjects and diabetic patients, and higher prevalence of urinary calculus occurs in hyperuricemia patients complicated with diabetes.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus; Hyperuricemia; Urinary calculus


Nowadays,many web sites,especially Portals and E-commerce websites,are quite complex in order to satisfy various users' information inquiry and browsing request;moreover,the contents are all the same for all users when different users visit the same website,and users' personalized demands are neglected.Using IBM Websphere,BEA Weblogic,Microsoft's SharePoint technologies to construct and maintain personalized website has some insufficiency such as big technical difficulty,long development cycle,high development cost and so on,but the Web parts,which Microsoft provides in.NET,present a good way to establish personalized websites.On the basis of studying the Web parts application mechanism,this paper proposes the procedures for establishment of personalized websites through an example.


The equilibrium segregation of carbon atoms in the core of screw dislocations in body-centred cubic Fe is modelled using a generalized Ising model parametrized on density functional theory calculations and solved using both mean-field calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Recently, a strong carbon-dislocation attraction was evidenced, resulting in a spontaneous reconstruction of the dislocation core towards a hard core configuration, where the carbon atom is located at the centre of a regular trigonal prism called a prismatic site. Here we show that the fourth neighbour octahedral sites of the reconstructed core are also attractive for carbon with a binding energy similar to that of the prismatic core site reported previously. This suggests that the dislocation may be decorated by lines of carbon atoms on both types of sites. Moreover, all carbon–carbon interactions including intra-line and inter-line interactions, are found repulsive. Segregation therefore results from a competition between the dislocation-carbon attraction and the carbon–carbon repulsion, leading to complex ordering phenomena that are analysed here in detail. Notably, we evidence a high temperature regime, in the regime of dynamical strain ageing of steels, where the prismatic line is half-occupied on average with every other prismatic site occupied by a carbon atom while the octahedral lines are empty. The iso-concentrations for the prismatic and octahedral lines obtained with the mean-field approach and with Monte Carlo simulations are qualitatively similar.


Newcastle disease (ND) and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) are highly contagious, acute and common poultry viral diseases. Control of these two important diseases of poultry industry was based on biosecurity and vaccination program. There is discussion about viral interference between these two viruses when combined. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of a Razi live bivalent vaccine containing LaSota strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and H-120 strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV). The bivalent vaccine was formulated based on EID50 titer of viruses. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was compared with commercial and monovalent Razi live IB (H-120) and ND (La Sota) vaccines in Specific pathogen free (SPF) and commercial chickens. The vaccination response was evaluated by haemagglutination inhibition (HI), serum neutralization and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titers. SPF chickens that had received one dose of the Razi bivalent vaccine, has antibody titer (HI) of Newcastle 5.87 based on Log2 and the serum neutralization index of Infectious bronchitis 6.5. Geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) of HI were 3.20 and 3.30 for Razi bivalent vaccine and commercial one respectively. Serum IBV ELISA antibodies GMTs were 3569 and 1992 and 320 for Razi bivalent vaccine and commercial one and control group respectively. Therefore antibody titers against NDV and IBV in chickens that received Razi vaccine were similar to those that were given monovalent and commercial vaccine. Our results show that the combined ND+IB vaccine has the ability to induce a high level of immune response in vaccinated chickens and no interference was seen between Razi and commercial one.


This article describes a general computational principle which is applied to a variety of spectragenerating situations, thereby providing a means of deriving classes or families of chordal structures. The techniques described here are the results of a continuing effort to find coherent means of organizing the audio source materials selected for a given work or body of works. In much contemporary music, there seems to me to be a lack of a direct relationship between the composer's technical concepts and the musical effect that the chosen methods actually produce. This is particularly true of music generated by the a priori application of arbitrary theoretical constructs to the organization of audio events. Theorists have invoked everything from statistics to stochastic processes; from serialism to biorhythms; from deterministic to random procedures; often in the name of scientific and/or mathematical certitude. "Thus it is arguable-and indeed, many serial composers would so argue-that serial methods of composition have only an indirect bearing on the hearing of serial pieces" (Lerdahl and Jackendoff 1979, p. 167). It is more than probable that one could substitute any other contemporary method for "serial" in the preceding observation. I do not by any means wish to imply that successful compositions are not possible with such methods. The point is that the method often has little or nothing to do with the success or even the musical content of the composition. The composer's skill, taste, and sensitivity usually come into play, shaping the theory-generated materials to correspond to musical goals. If possible, the composer will impose upon these materials (or "find") such relationships that suggest that the music expresses some sort of overall structure. This structure may be hierarchical or not, but in any case it is not just an arbitrary succession of random events (I am obviously excluding from this discussion those pieces that are random, or designed to be played differently every time, or rely heavily on visualtheatrical elements). But for each piece, one has the problem not only of understanding the immediate context, but also discovering its "givens" (i.e., its axiomatic values )2 out of which the musical context is created. Each composer tends to have a unique set of axioms. The so-called intuitive composer usually gets right down to the task by letting these (not always well defined) axioms "generate" the materials according to that composer's musical needs. The theoretical composer imposes his or her axioms onto the materials derived from an a priori application of whatever theory he or she has decided to use. The axioms, as well as the composition, must be made to work. The composer is no longer working within a well-defined or well-known system whose axioms are generally understood on multiple levels. Neither are the technical procedures within the system directly related to the perceived sense of the music.


We use a diffractive lens to generate the proper pulse-front-tilt to record full-field off-axis holograms with a 10fs laser source. We experimentally demonstrate optical sectioning of three-dimensional samples with a resolution of about 5 microns.


Perovskite-type material is a kind of Solid Electrolyte found by people in recent years which has higher ionic conductivity.These materials were divided into two types:oxide-ionic conductor and protonic conductor,their mechanism of ionic conduction and research progress are reviewed in this paper.


This paper discusses hypercrosslinked resins as precursors to carbon electrodes in electrochemical capacitors. It was presented at the 229th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in 2005.


Huitlacoche is the Aztecs name given to the smut galls on ears of maize caused by the pathogenic plant fungus Ustilago maydis [(DC) Corda.)]. It is known as maize mushroom, and it has been considered a delicacy and in Mesoamerica. The aim of the present study was to determine the responses of some maize varieties to the growth of the fungus in order to evaluate the prospect production of these smutty ears as a maize mushroom. A 2-year study was conducted in the Mediterranean region of Turkey in 2010 and 2011. Inoculations were performed by injecting inoculum into the ear through the silk channel of plants in plots. Each treatment had control plots. Average ear-gall (huitlacoche) severity and incidence of all the varieties were at the rates of 4.0 and 41.6%, respectively. However, the highest severity of ear-gall (6.5) and incidence (60.6%) were found in Karadeniz Yildizi flint maize variety; colossal smutty ears were formed in the maize cultivars. This study showed that certain maize cultivars (flint corn and dent corn) can be used efficiently in the production of huitlacoche.


A pathological waste incinerator, consisting of a primary chamber operating at greater than 570°C and a secondary chamber operating at greater than 870°C with associated stack, was challenged with bacteriophage f2 of Escherichia coli K12 to demonstrate the decontamination efficiency. A mean challenge of 1013.27 plaque forming units (pfu) of bacteriophage was sprayed into the primary chamber over a period of 30 seconds. A second, separate mean challenge of 1012.53 was sprayed into the incinerator stack. Matching challenges were done while the incinerator was at ambient temperature. Copper nitrate was used to compare the sampling efficiency when the incinerator was operating hot and cold. A reduction of 108.39 pfu of bacteriophage was demonstrated through the primary and secondary combustion chambers. A further reduction of 107.65 pfu was achieved within the stack. The overall reduction through die chambers and the stack was W16.04 pfu.


[Objective]To monitor and evaluate the disinfection quality in the district and the town medical institution,so as to adopt corresponding improvement measures.[Methods]According to Hygienic standard of hospital deisinfection and Hygienic standard for disposable medical products,the disinfection quality was monitored from 1995 to 2004.[Results]Among the 12 502 monitored samples,the qualified rate of disinfection was 95.25%.The disinfection quality among the 10 years was different.The lowest was in 1998.The qualified rates of disinfection in the district and the town medical institution weren't significantly different.Each kind of disinfection quality was different,among which the air disinfection quality was the lowest.[Conclusions]The disinfection quality in the district and the town medical institution is obviously enhanced,along with the strengthening of surveillance and the inprovement of disinfection consciousness,but the air disinfection quality still need to be enhanced.


In the simple input-output way of one-dimensional and two-dimensional codes,the intelligent inspection transcription machine for industrial equipment utilizes the software compiled by the management center to make free entries to form a huge database of technical information and management information. That software will automatically generate data and print out the corresponding bar code, thus facilitating administrator 's data input and reading. This technology will be widely used in commerce,logistics,industrial production,etc. constituting a perfect solution of computer data acquisition-a"bottleneck"in the computer application. That realizes rapid and accurate information acquisition and transmission,and pushes forward China's commerce,logistics,industrial production, etc. toward modern and intelligent internationally advanced management mode.


This is a paper of expository nature reflecting the author's past experiences, his current research efforts, and his aspirations about the future of automatic-control systems. It is not intended to give a quantitative analysis of modern control methodologies, which may be found in the bibliography at the end of the text, but rather emphasize the importance of a growing area in control engineering. Reviewing the classical, optimal, and stochastic control systems, the reader is led into the uncertainties and controversies of adaptive and learning controls. While self-organizing control was proposed for a systematic unification of these most advanced control methodologies, intelligent control--a discipline capable of high-level decision making and task execution--is predicted as the next level of sophistication in the hierarchy of control systems. A case study on a hierarchically intelligent controlled prosthesis, summarized herein, establishes the feasibility of the suggested methodologies. Future applications to other larse scale systems of general or specific scientific interest may prove the importance of such a discipline.


A service function, defined as a curve relating travel time to flow, is a standard element of many models of transport system operation. In particular, service functions are frequently used within larger models to describe the way in which the travel time on urban freeway segments changes when the flow increases. In this paper, the shape of such curves for urban freeways is studied by examination of two data sets, one from Ontario and one from California. The most striking feature of the plot of travel time versus flow from each of the data sets is that if the data points are divided into two groups according to whether there was or was not a queue within the section when an observation was made, the two groups of points form separate and distinctly different patterns. The differences are so great that it seems impossible to predict travel time by any model which does not consider the difference between the two conditions. Upon reflection, this conclusion turns out to be anything but surprising and a second conclusion is reached: that if service functions are to be used to describe the operating characteristics of freeway segments which are long enough that the flow within the segment is not everywhere the same, then the flow axis must measure the flow through the bottleneck, not the flow into the freeway segment or any sort of average over the segment. The reason for this is that no consistent relationship between flow and travel time that can be expressed by a simple curve exists for any flow other than that through the bottleneck. For the bottleneck flow, an __-shaped service function seems reasonably descriptive, though of only limited use for predicting travel times.


"Firm, Knowledge and Innovation" brings together the subset of contributions focussing explicitly on problems of organisational behaviour and the theory of the firm. The papers demonstrate how placing knowledge at the centre of organisational analysis leads to new questions and insights concerning the sources of competitive performance. Most obviously it shifts the focus from static questions of designing optimal governance structures in relation to given technologies to dynamic questions of how firms learn and develop new technologies and products, which are seen as key to longer term survival. The knowledge-based perspective also raises new questions concerning the mechanisms that contribute to the firm's shorter-term competitive advantage in the context of established technologies.


The legacy of a man is not limited to just his projects. His writings in many cases are a more lasting, and a definitely more accessible, monument. For 60 years, Leo L. Beranek has produced books on acoustics, acoustic measurements, sound control, music and architecture, noise and vibration control, concert halls, and opera houses in addition to teaching and consulting. His books are standard references and still cited in other books and in technical and professional articles. Many of his books were among, if not, the first comprehensive modern treatment of the subject and many are still foremost. A review of Dr. Beranek's many books as well as some anecdotes about the circumstances and consequences of same will be presented.


In this study, we aim to recover the interval hull of the set of feasible cost functions that can make uncertain observations optimal for a class of nonlinear constrained parametric optimization problems when all uncertainty and disturbances acting on observations or modeling are taken bounded but otherwise unknown. Fostering on inverse Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions, we first state the solving equations as a constraint satisfaction problem, then show how to derive a safe overapproximation of the feasible solution set combining standard numerical tools and a posteriori validation with guaranteed methods based on interval analysis. The approach is evaluated on two well-tuned numerical examples: A discrete unicycle robot model and a planar elastica model, respectively.


T HE objective of this paper is to develop and test models of wage spillovers utilizing a large micro data base constructed from Canadian collective bargaining wage contracts signed between 1966 and October 1975 (the introduction of wage controls in Canada). There are two basic approaches to the wage spillover hypothesis that can be found in the literature. 1 Institutional spillover models, characterized by Dunlop's wage contours and Ross' orbits of coercive comparisons, emphasize the distributional structure of wage rates between occupational-industrial groups. A second approach follows the tradition of microeconomic labour market theory and emphasizes relative wages, labour mobility, labour turnover costs, etc. For example, a simple Marshallian model would include both the firm's own wage rate as well as competing wage rates as determinants of labour supply (and consequently wage changes). More recently Phelps (1968) has proposed a generalized excess demand model of frictional labour markets in which a profit-maximizing firm establishes an optimal wage differential between its own wage rate and competing wage rates.2 Unfortunately it may be impossible to identify empirically the precise "theoretical" origin of wage spillover effects. The existence of wage spillovers is totally consistent with economic models of wage determination as well as being consistent with institutional hypotheses that emphasize key bargains, wage leadership, pattern wage adjustments, maintenance of "historical wage differentials," etc.3 Thus, our interpretation of the theoretical rationale for wage spillovers must, of necessity, be somewhat agnostic. Turning to the empirical evidence, three studies have advanced evidence pertaining to wage spillovers, each study based on a very different statistical methodology. Perhaps the classic study in this area is the Eckstein-Wilson (1962) paper which emphasizes a number of institutional aspects of the wage determination process. Eckstein and Wilson provide empirical evidence, based on the identification of specific wage rounds, supporting a combined market-institutional spillover model of wage determination within the U.S. manufacturing sector. For a "key group" of industries, identified largely from impressionistic evidence, wage changes are determined by profit and unemployment rates based on the aggregate rates for all industries within the key group. Outside the key group of industries, wages are principally determined by wage spillovers from the key group. Unfortunately, the underlying wage round technique employed by Eckstein and Wilson is notoriously difficult to implement, i.e., to identify unambiguous aggregate wage rounds. McGuire and Rapping (1967) have challenged the Eckstein-Wilson study on the grounds that at best their evidence lends weak support to their institutional hypothesis, that their central result for the key group of industries is ambiguous, and finally that they have not resolved the problem of distinguishing between neo-classical labour supply forces and institutional spillover effects. McGuire and Rapping's own model (1968), which is tested with cross-sectional data (industries at the state level), reveals that while market forces play an important role in the relative wage determination process for the U.S. manufacturing sector, wage spillovers from steel and automobile key bargains (particularly steel) are also relevant explanatory variables. Received for publication July 13, 1978. Revision accepted for publication May 23, 1979. * University of Guelph. We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments that we have received from Doug Auld, David Dodge, Mark Mueller, and John Vanderkamp. This paper could not have been written without the financial support of the Anti-Inflation Board and the diligence of an exceptionally fine research assistant, Jane Forster. None of the above-named individuals, nor the Anti-Inflation Board, should be held responsible for the arguments and conclusions of this paper. 1 For a thorough review and critique of spillover theories, see Burton and Addison (1977). 2 This optimal wage differential takes into account the turnover costs associated with recruiting, hiring, and training new workers. 3 For further discussion of this "identification problem," see Addison and Burton (1979). [ 213 ]


Alport Syndrome results in a genetic mutation in type IV collagen; one place of major significance is the glomerular basement membrane of nephrons. These patients are at high risk for glomerulonephritis and renal failure in addition to inner ear and eye pathology. This patient is a 25 year old Caucasian female with non-deaf Alport Syndrome who was hospitalized for intractable headaches with pain scale measuring 8-10 out of 10 of severity. This patient received a CT of the head, MRI, MRA and MRV of the brain that demonstrated no evidence of chronic or acute hemorrhage, acute intracranial process, chronic or acute infarction, vasculitis, brain lesions or emboli. This patient's headaches were refractory to oral Fioricet, Aspirin, Tylenol and NSAIDS. The patient initially refused oral and intravenous analgesics including morphine, oxycodone due to the side effects of nausea, lethargy and drowsiness. The patient's pain was moderately relieved by small doses of oral oxycodone and intravenous morphine. The patient experienced mild nausea and drowsiness from these medications; however her pain reduced over 60% in severity to a final rating of 3-4 out of 10 from an initial 8-10 out of 10 in severity. This patient was the first patient reported with Alport Syndrome and intractable headaches without evidence of acute or chronic brain lesions on brain MRV, MRI, MRA and CT imaging whose headache pain was reduced by over 60% in severity by oral and intravenous analgesics in the inpatient setting.


Abstract In his dissection of the 1998 tobacco settlements, W. Kip Viscusi provides a window on how the ostensibly liberal public philosophy behind the modern American regulatory state betrays its foundational commitments. Animated by a moralizing concern with preventing harm to self, and a leftist antagonism towards corporate capitalism, "progressive liberalism" at first foundered in its war against the tobacco industry in the face of traditional liberal counterarguments about individual autonomy, knowledge of risk, and choice. Only when progressive liberals translated their paternalist impulses into science‐centered arguments about ignorance and addiction, which involve barriers to autonomous choice and harm to others, did they succeed in turning the legal and regulatory tide against smoking. This dynamic raises questions about the future of individual autonomy in a science‐centered, progressive‐liberal modern polity.


ABSTRACT Motivated by the smoothing properties of heat semigroups on unbounded domains and the conditional stability of hyperbolic semigroups, we develop a unified approach toward the problems on the existence of periodic solutions to the evolution equation . Our method is based on the analysis of -stability of the semigroup generated by A, i.e. , t>0, for certain couple of Banach spaces and real-valued function φ satisfying . Our theory covers both cases corresponding to smoothing properties and the conditional stability of hyperbolic semigroups as well as some other important situations relating to the polynomial or exponential stability of semigroups. As illustrations for our theory, we give applications to the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions to Navier–Stokes and damped wave equations.


In recent years,simulating natural phenomena has always been one of the most challenging tasks in computer graphics.As one of its most important parts,simulating wave has been given more and more attention.In this paper,we simulated real-time wave based on constructing function.Firstly,we construct a wave function,and then compute the wave deep by this function.Finally we utilize OpenGL to map wave texture on the dynamic surface to simulate wave.The results show that this method can fast and effective simulate waves.


The Second Vatican Council shaped a new model for a diocesan synod, which was adopted, among others, in Poland, and is characterised by a departure from making the norms of particular law and the popularisation of the council teaching in particular Churches. On the other hand, after the promulgation of the new Code of Canon Law in 1983, the diocesan synods adjusted the diocesan law to the code norms. When this period of the reception of the code law to the diocesan legislation achieved its result, the final resolutions of the subsequent diocesan synods, which were usually extensive, do not meet — to a large extent — the requirements set by the documents of the Holy See: Instruction of the Congregation for Bishops and the Congregation for the Evangelisation of Nations of 1997 and the Directory of the Congregation for Bishops Apostolorum successores of 2004. The author calls for the use of these enunciations so that diocesan synods can be an effective tool for the renewal of a particular Church.


rotary machine deformable lozenge comprising an enclosure (1) forming a stator (2) adapted to receive a rotor (3) is a deformable diamond (4) in contact with the inner surface of the enclosure (1), said deformable rhomb (4) comprising a plurality of pistons (6) connected by a swivel joint (7) and thereby forming a closed channel; the inner surface of the enclosure (1) defining at least an outer cavity (8) with the outside of the deformable diamond (4), and at least one internal cavity (10) being formed inside the rotor; at least one of the outer cavities (8) and / or at least one of the internal cavities (10) being connected to the input of at least one external fluid circuit to the machine. According to the invention, said outer recesses (8) and internal (10) together comprise at least three cavities of variable volume adapted to operate simultaneously, each variable volume cavity being capable of performing a distinct function selected from: combustion engine, turbine , compressor, pump, metering, mixer, flow divider, power converter, grinder, so as to modify at least one of the fluid exiting the parameters of the machine, relative to the incoming fluid.


Florbetapir, a Food and Drug Administration — approved positron emission tomography (PET) tracer — appears to highly accurately label vascular amyloid in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), according to a report that appeared in the September 7 online edition of Neurology. Moreover, the report indicated that florbetapir accurately distinguishes CAA–related ICH from hypertensive ICH (HTN-ICH), demonstrating 100 percent sensitivity for CAA and 89 percent specificity. "After many years of research to identify a new diagnostic tool for CAA, florbetapir PET emerged as an extremely sensitive and highly specific method to diagnose this condition in cognitively normal patients with a primary hemorrhagic brain lesion," said lead author M. Edip Gurol, MD, MSc, associate director of the Cerebrovascular Lab and assistant professor of neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital of the Harvard Medical School. "CAA diagnosis is typically made using validated Boston criteria in


We used Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM) data to define the geometry of strata in Raplee Ridge in southeastern Utah that were likely deformed by slip on an underlying fault. The fold geometry was used to infer the fault geometry and loading responsible for the folding using the Boundary Element Model, Poly3D. Monte Carlo Markov‐Chain (MCMC) methods created probability density functions (pdfs) that reveal the most likely fault geometry and loading conditions and their uncertainties. Despite the restrictive assumptions of Poly3D, in which body deformations occur from slip on displacement discontinuities in a homogeneous linear‐elastic half‐space, the strata deflections are matched remarkably well, and the resulting inferences of fault geometry and stress field appear reasonable. We propose that similar methods may be used with models that include more complicated rheologies and heterogeneous and anisotropic material properties to estimate fault geometries and loading conditions where only deflection of strata record these parameters.


This letter presente a comment on the paper Prediction of Kidney Function from Biopsy Images using Convolutional Neural Networks by Ledbetter et al. (2017)


The study of land and economic patterns presupposes the analysis of the existing economic and social structures of the peri-urban area named Cazasu. This whole structural ensemble has generated and has been generated by the community and individual behaviours, greatly influenced by the legal regime of ownership. Rural communities have a social behaviour depending on the way in which the land ownership problem has been solved up. Obviously, for any rural community, land is not a simple production mean, and this is even more valid for a peri-urban society; it is also an obvious fact that, in the case of ruptures, of fundamental changes in the ownership relationships at the rural society level, the social restructuring has become an ample process, with a real historical dimension.


A 47-year-old male patient received XELOX regimen [an IV infusion of oxaliplatin 200 mg on day 1, oral capecitabine 3 500 mg on day 1 to 14 (1 500 mg at 8: 00 and 2 000 mg at 20: 00), the treatment course was 21 days] after radical resection of colon cancer. During the 1st to 5th chemotherapy cycles, amaurosis fugax occurred 20 to 30 minutes after finishing the IV infusion of oxaliplatin each time. With the increase of the number of chemotherapy cycles, the number of amaurosis fugax decreased (5, 3, 1, 1, 1 times, respectively) and the duration each time also decreased. when amaurosis fugax appeared each time mecobalamin 0.5 mg was given orally thrice daily for 3 days. By the end of chemotherapy, no amaurosis recurred. The amaurosis did not recur after IV infusions of oxaliplatin in the 6th, 7th, and 8th chemotherapy cycles.

Key words:
Amaurosis fugax; Oxaliplatin


Superconducting aluminum tunnel junctions have been developed for use as particle detectors. Results on the static characteristics of these devices and from tests of these detectors with 6-keV X-rays are presented. An extrapolation of the properties of these detectors to one suitable for dark-matter detectors is discussed.


State-of-the-art image retrieval pipelines are based on "bag-of-words" matching. We note that the original order in which features are extracted from the image is discarded in the "bag-of-words" matching pipeline. As a result, a set of features extracted from a query image can be transmitted in any order. A set ofm unique features has m! orderings, and if the order of transmission can be discarded, one can reduce the query size by an additional log2(m!) bits. In this work, we compare two schemes for discarding ordering: one based on Digital Search Trees, and another based on location histograms. We apply the two schemes to a set of low bitrate Compressed Histogram of Gradient (CHoG) features, and compare their performance. Both schemes achieve approximately log2(m!) reduction in query size for a set of m features.


Operating on the premise that Shakespeare's writings are a unified exploration of the human experience, Philip Edward's new work stresses the continuity of all the works--plays and poems, early and late writings, comedies and tragedies. The achievement of the plays is examined in chapters which maintain the traditional categories of comedy, history, and tragedy, but Edwards makes an important contribution to the field with his analysis of "tragicomedy"--a genre which unites the middle "problem" comedies with the final engimatic "romances."


Liquid rocket propulsion systems are able to provide thrust at high specific impulse and at high thrust to weight ratios. One requirement to achieve this objective is a high combustion pressure which again requires a strong and efficient feed system. In large propulsion systems turbo pumps are used to obtain a high combustion pressure. In order to keep the mass of the pumps low the pumps are operated at very high rotational speed. Despite this a high suction performance without cavitation in the impeller is required. The state of the art designs use a so called inducer to guarantee good suction performance at high rotational speed. This publication proposes a non-rotating jet inducer which promises a higher performance and higher efficiency than the conventional inducer. The here proposed jet inducer completely replaces the conventional inducer. It works on the principle of the jet pump, a suction jet is injected before the inlet of the turbo pump and increases the total pressure of the fluid before it enters the impeller. The flow for the jet is taken from the pressure side of the pump itself and can be adjusted by a control valve depending on the operational point of the pump and on the operation phase (steady state or transient). The main component of the jet inducer is a set of aerodynamic profiles with nozzles at the trailing edge. The profiles have a star-like arrangement. The advantage of the jet inducer is the capability to increase the pressure without applying swirl on the fluid and hence promising a higher efficiency of the complete turbomachine. Due to the regulation of the jet flow we can also expect a higher suction performance of the impeller. In operational points where the tendency to cavitation increases (transient, low inlet pressure, over speed) we apply high mass flow on the jet inducer, in normal condition we reduce or stop the flow of the jet.


The goal of this study is to establish a sign system framework that can efficiently access events such as exhibitions, education, performances, and festivals by curators and researchers based on the problems of the signing system, the need to redefine functional spaces, and the importance of setting guidelines. Therefore, previous studies on the sign-in system available in the museum, field inspection, and target group interview (FGI) were conducted. The findings are as follows. First, previous studies on the museum sign system and the sign system of domestic museums were investigated and analyzed. Second, the importance of basic, core facilities, and auxiliary facilities was presented to establish the name and function of the museum space. Third, to propose the museum sign system framework, we proposed the direction of four guidelines: location, installation, marking element, form and structure, and tone and manner, focusing on guide, descriptor, regulatory sign, guide sign, and decorative sign. Fourth, the process of developing a sign system was proposed to the museum. This study can bring about the improvement of exhibition and educational services and the increase of promotion in terms of museums, curators, researchers, and design.


With the deepening of the electricity market reform, electricity retail companies have sprung up across the country and the power sale market began to grow. However, the trading rules and operation mode of the power sale market in the initial stage of development are not sound, and the accumulated market experience is not sufficient. Therefore, how to make a reasonable evaluation of the market operation becomes an important and urgent problem. First, the architecture model of the competitive electricity market is studied. Then the trading mode of the competitive electricity market and the relationship and influence among the factors are analysed. Finally, the evaluation index system is constructed on the basis of market operation mode.


[Objective] To investigate the clinical curative effect of dispersing stagnated hepatoqi and promoting blood circulation in the treatment of migraine.[Method] 70 patients with migraine were divided into two group in random.The control group,35 cases,were treated with flunarizine hydrochloride.The test group,35 cases,were treated with dispersing stagnated hepatoqi and promoting blood circulation therapy of TCM.[Results]The effective rate was 91.4% in the test group and was 77.1% in the control group.There were significantly different between two groups(P0.05).[Conclusions] Dispersing stagnated hepatoqi and promoting blood circulation therapy of TCM has a good effect for treating migraine.


The article studies some aspects of P. Vasilyev's lyric poetry in the light of moral and esthetic attitudes of S. Esenin. It is important to point out some similarity in their approach to life that consists in the acceptance of the epoch they live and preserving the reverent attitude to the history, at the same time. It should also be stated that along with the likeness of contexts, images and motives, the conceptualization of P.Vasilyev differs from that of S.Esenin by its originality and a higher level of dramatization.


This study utilized a central composite design (CCD) with the aim of attaining the ideal circumstances for multi-objective optimization (MOOP) so as to convert cooking oil waste into useable biodiesel. Reducing the overall capital cost (f1) and lowering the cost of procedures (f2) comprised the primary functions of MOOP. To resolve issues and contrast them with other techniques in Metaheuristic to 5 well-known approaches, the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) technique was applied. In an effort to establish the settings that offer optimization for the process used in biodiesel manufacturing, this research carried out an experiment employing CCD. Because it is one of the most commonly employed programs known to deliver valuable results, CCD was selected for the development of thirteen parameters. To assess the influences of the independent parameters on the mass fraction of FAME, % FAME purity, the mass fraction of glycerol, and % glycerol purity was included in the creation of this experimental set using CCD. The overall capital cost was US $8,302,990, while the operations cost was US $1,731,277 per year, as demonstrated by supplementary research involving optimization by CCD. It was revealed that a cost savings of roughly US $1,060 and US $6,310 annually was possible for overall capital cost and operations cost, respectively, when compared to the original process.


There is a positive correlation between the thickness of malignant melanoma and the risk of regional nodal metastasis. We screened 49 patients, mostly with 'high-risk-melanomas' by 'lymphatic mapping', an intraoperative method to detect the sentinel lymph node. This lymph node is the first within the regional lymphatic drainage of a tumour. In 12 patients (24%) we found melanoma cells in the sentinel lymph node without any prior clinical or ultrasound evidence for metastasis. The method of lymphatic mapping provides a highly sensitive and specific tool for very early detection of lymphatic metastases, outdoing prophylactic regional lymphadenectomy. The chance for survival of patients with regional lymphatic micrometastasis increases dramatically when lymph nodes are dissected early in the course of disease.


The painting has various bowls and pots filled with a variety of food items, including meat, fruit, and vegetables placed all over a table in the center of the painting. A mandolin leans against the table on the lower left. At the bottom right is an orange pot with two black bottles.


The latest study results from the AMA when it comes to payers and their power in local markets may not be good news to all.


Abstract : The Digital Avionics Information System (DAIS) approach to avionics design is a total system concept rather than a functional subsystem or hardware-oriented system. DAIS uses common processing, information transfer, control and display, and support software elements to service all avionics functional areas on an integrated basis. Thus, the DAIS architecture and core elements are not dedicated to any one specific avionic function, but are used to perform the tasks of many avionic functions with the avionic sensors and subsystems. This systems approach provides flexibility to accommodate a wide variety of avionic configurations and missions, as well as redundancy to improve availability. Standardization and replication of the core elements can reduce the life cycle costs when major modifications/retrofits of an avionic configuration are considered, or when applied across the fleet by reducing unnecessary development proliferation and reducing maintenance costs.


A Micro Hydropower Plant (MHPP) is a suitable and effective mean to provide electric power to rural remote communities without harming the environment. However, the lack of resources and technical training in these communities frequently leads to designs based of rules of thumb, compromising both the generation capacity and efficiency. This work makes an attempt to address this problem developing a new tool to design the layout of MHPP. The tool relies on a discrete topographic survey of the terrain and makes use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the installation layout, making it possible to explicitly incorporate needs and constraints such as power supply requirement, cost of the installation, available water flow, and layout feasibility in accordance with the real terrain profile. The algorithm is applied to a real scenario in a remote community in Honduras, demonstrating its capability to optimize these kind of installations.


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Not uploaded. Key words: Cyclospora; Epidemiology; Human Immuno Deficiency virus; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v6i1.2441 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 6, No. 1, Issue 12, April, 2008 Page: 28-37


Radio signals were first bounced off the moon by the US Army in 1946. Today the challenge of communicating by bouncing radio signals off of the moon, also known as EME for Earth-Moon-Earth, has become a popular techno-sport. Private individuals from over the Earth compete to see who can communicate with the most stations, from the most countries, at the highest frequency, and with the smallest amount of power. This talk will discuss the history, the technology, and try to answer the question of why people bounce radio signals off the moon.


Aim To establish a method for determination of the content of paeoniflorin in Yikunning Keli by HPLC.Methods The content of paeoniflorin in Yikunning Keli was determined by HPLC.The chromatographic conditions were Lichrospher C_(18)(4.6×250 mm,5μm)as analytic column,acetonitrile-0.1 % trifluoroacetic Acid(16∶84)as mobile phase,the flow rate being 1.0 ml·min~(-1),the detection wavelength at 230 nm.Results The linearity of paeoniflorin in the range of 70~2.19 mg·L~(-1)was good,r=0.9999.The average recovery is 100.07 %,and RSD is 1.52 %.Conclusion The HPLC method is accurate,reliable,specific,and can be used for the quality control of Yikunning Keli.


Takivatan Bunun, an Austronesian language spoken in Taiwan, has a dedicated class of words expressing time, place, and manner. These words can occur in various positions in the clause, each of which is associated with a distinct grammatical behavior. In this article, I discuss positional and associated grammatical variation of the four roots that most commonly express temporal location in the Takivatan corpus: dip 'then', qabas 'in former times', laupa 'now', and haip 'today'. I conclude that the positional variability of Takivatan time words is grammatically meaningful and not the result of random variation. Finally, I suggest that it can be best explained in terms of functional motivations and historical factors that are common to various Austronesian languages in Taiwan.


[Objective]To understand the infection status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among university freshmen,and provide evidence for control work.[Methods]ELISA method was adopted to conduct HBsAg detection on 10 461 freshmen from a university of Guangxi Province during 2007-2009.[Results]The positive rate of HBsAg was 12.78% in 3 years,that of male and female students was 13.39% and 11.43% respectively,and that of students from rural areas and urban areas was 14.39% and 10.03% respectively.[Conclusion] The positive rate of HBsAg in this university is higher than the national prevalence of HBsAg.To control and prevent the HBV transmission in universities,it is necessary to strengthen HBV detection on freshmen and adopt hepatitis B vaccination,health education and other measures


We present here a revised version of the appendices of Gradenigo and Majumdar ( 2019 J. Stat. Mech. 053206 ) . Some minor corrections are introduced and a new simplified argument to obtain the critical value of r c , the control parameter for the transition, is presented. The overall scenario and the description of the transition mechanism depicted in Gradenigo and Majumdar ( 2019 J. Stat. Mech. 053206 ) remains completely untouched, the only relevant dierence being the value of r c fixed to r c = 2 1 / 3 = 1.259 92 . . . rather than r c = 1.3805 . . . . This dierence also implies a small quantitative changes in figures 2 and 4; a new version of both figures is reported here. A couple of other typos discovered in the paper are pointed out and the correct version of the expressions are reported. Abstract . We study the probability distribution P ( X N = X , N ) of the total displacement X N of an N -step run and tumble particle on a line, in the presence of a constant nonzero drive E . While the central limit theorem predicts a standard Gaussian form for P ( X , N ) near its peak, we show that for large positive and negative X , the distribution exhibits anomalous large deviation forms. For large positive X , the associated rate function is nonanalytic at a critical value of the scaled distance from the peak where its first derivative is discontinuous. This signals a first-order dynamical phase transition from a homogeneous ' fluid ' phase to a ' condensed ' phase that is dominated by a single large run. A similar first-order transition occurs for negative large fluctuations as well. Numerical simulations are in excellent agreement with our analytical predictions. a that has a stretched exponential tail. study shows for such a distribution P ( X , N ) an anomalous large a discontinuity in the first-derivative of the rate function.


When Carl Dew was in the seventh grade, his teacher asked the class to practice filling out a job application. "I wrote the application to Lane Drug Co. in Knoxville," said Dew, owner of Corner Drug Store in Lake City, Tenn.


An Easement is a kind of usufructuary right, and its main purpose is that one party wants to use the property of others to improve the benefits and interests of his own real estate. With increasing population and accelerating urbanization, the limitation of urban space has gradually become prominent problem. To use the spatial resources fully, urban planners have focused on the development and utilization of three-dimensional urban space, namely, underground, ground and aboveground vertical space. The traditional 2D cadastre only using floor plans cannot meet the current 3D cadastre management needs. Therefore, the jurisprudence-confined planar easement must be combined with spatial information from 2D to 3D, as well as the 2D cadastre bounds to be extended to 3D to adapt to urban development. This study focuses on the property owner in 3D cadastre, therefore "easement of access" is chosen as the key topic, which is the right to cross the property to go to and from another. The conceptual models of easement spatialization based on building models of IFC (Industry Foundation Class) standards are constructed and analyzed. This study takes the condominium as an example, which displays how to access the semantic information associated with the geometric information of 3D property object in BIM (Building Information Model). Besides, the servant and the dominator of the easement are able to be linked because they are both attached to the same physical space. The research result shows that BIM can optimize the complex presentation of 3D property attributes and is an effective carrier of easement spatialization. The combination of legal information and spatial information of 3D property not only optimizes the operation and maintenance of buildings, but also improves land management, accelerates the development of 3D cities; thereby these will enlarge effective urban space, improve its utilization efficiency, and help resolve the contradiction between the rapidly expanding urban population and the limited shortage of space resources.


The paper considers grid computing systems in which the Resource Management System (RMS) divides a service task into subtasks and then sends the subtasks to different specialized resources for execution. In order to provide the desired level of service reliability the RMS can assign the same subtasks to several independent resources for parallel execution. Because of data dependency, some subtasks cannot be executed until they have received input data that is the result of other subtasks. This imposes precedence constraints on the order of subtask execution. Usually, there are two types of failure in resources and communication channels: permanent failures and transient failures. Permanent failures render the equipment unavailable and whilst transient failures do not make the equipment unavailable they do prevent the completion of the performed actions. Service reliability and performance indices are introduced and a fast numerical algorithm for their evaluation for any given subtask distribution in a grid with a star architecture is presented. This algorithm is based on the universal generating function technique. Illustrative examples are presented.


In order to suppress leakage current and improve the efficiency of the transformer-free grid-connected inverter, a novel topology and control method is proposed. The proposed inverter consists of a power inverter unit and an auxiliary converter unit, and the two units are connected by a capacitor on the dc side. The power inverter unit transmits power to the grid at a low switching frequency for reducing power losses. The auxiliary converter unit operates at a high switching frequency, and adopts a feedforward control method to eliminate the grid current switching ripples. The voltage of parasitic capacitance between the photovoltaic array and the ground is stabilized by the auxiliary converter unit with the bipolar modulation scheme, so the leakage current can be suppressed more effectively. A 1-kW prototype was built and tested, and the experimental results are finally presented to show the performance of the proposed inverter.


Background: Glypican‐3 (GPC3) is frequently upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analysis of GPC3‐deficient mice implies GPC3 involvement in macrophage‐lineage cells.


Menstruation is a process when the uterus is cleaned, so that it will be ready for the next reproductive cycle. One of the menstruation disorders is dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is a lower-sectional abdominal pain that appears before or during menstruation. There are still many teenage girls who overcome dysmenorrhea by using analgetic, and have never received information about the treatment of dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study is to know whether health education affects the level of knowledge of teenage girl about treating dysmenorrhea using warm compress at St. Augustinus Catholic High School Kediri. The design of this study was pre-experimental study using one group pre-post test design. The population of this study were third year teenage girls at senior high school (class XII) who experienced dysmenorrhea during menstruation at St. Augustinus Catholic High School Kediri. The sample of this study were 30 respondents, using purposive sampling techniques. The independent variable of this study is health education and the dependent variable is the level of knowledge. The data collection was carried out using questionnaires. Data then analyzed using Wilcoxon test with significant α<0.05. The results showed that the level of knowledge about treating dysmenorrhea using warm compress increased after health education, as evidenced by the results of the wilcoxon statistical test where p=0.000. In conclusion, there is an influence of health education on the level of knowledge of teenage girl about treating  dysmenorrhea using compress at St. Augustinus Catholic High School Kediri.


The aim of research is to substantiate the rational design of the travel wheel based on the determination of the dynamic forces arising from the movement of the freight carriage and the crane bridge. The research methodology is based on analytical methods for studying dynamic forces in the mechanism of movement of the cargo carriage of an overhead crane. The obtained solution of the three-mass dynamic scheme of the movement of the freight carriage. To verify the theoretical data obtained, an experiment was carried out on an overhead crane with a lifting capacity of 5 , span of 22.5 m, lifting height of 8 m, operating mode of 7 K. The study of the vibration state was carried out on the crane beam in the middle of the span, on the axis of the driven wheel of the crane trolley with an elastic insert and on the axis of the drive wheel of the crane trolley of a conventional design.
Crane wheels are the fastest wearing parts of a crane. A decrease in their durability leads to an increase in repair costs and crane downtime. Therefore, increasing the durability of crane travel wheels is an urgent task of modern crane construction. All designs of travel wheels are quite rigid and do not perceive shocks and distortions arising from the deviation of the rail track from the recommended values and lead to significant wear of the flanges and rails.
The analysis of the obtained solutions showed that when using a travel wheel with an elastic insert, the dynamic factors during the movement of the freight carriage decrease. Dependences are obtained for determining the dynamic forces arising from the movement of the travel crane wheel, taking into account the rigidity of the elastic ring, which is installed in the travel wheel. The analysis of the regularities of the formation of vibration signs at different points of the overhead crane structure is carried out. The proposed design and calculation method for a travel wheel with an elastic insert improves its operational reliability


Sea-level rise will fundamentally change coastal zones worldwide. A global two meters rise of sea level will be exceeded sooner or later within a time window ranging from one century to as long as two millennia, depending on future greenhouse gas emissions and polar ice-sheet melting. Here, we show that in addition to climate mitigation to slow the rise, adaptation to two meters of sea-level rise should start now. This involves changing our mindset to define a strategic vision for these threatened coastal areas and identify realistic pathways to achieve this vision. This can reduce damages, losses, and lock-ins in the future, identify problems before they become critical and exploit opportunities if they emerge. To meet this challenge, it is essential that coastal adaptation becomes core to coastal development, especially for long-lived critical infrastructure. Coastal adaptation will be an ongoing process for many decades and centuries, requiring the support of climate services, which make the links between science, policy and adaptation practice.


This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary vitamin D3 level on expression of antimicrobial peptide hepcidin gene in Monopterus albus.A total of 360 healthy M.albus with an average body weight of(21.72±2.1) g was randomly assigned to 6 groups with 2 replicates per group and 30 M.albus per replicate.The M.albus in the 6 groups were fed the basal diet(0 IU/kg vitamin D3) supplemented with 0,250,500,1 000,2 000 and 4 000 IU/kg vitamin D3,respectively.The hepatopancreas,head kidney,spleen and hindgut in each group were collected on the 20th,40th and 60th days.The expression of hepcidin gene in each sample were analyzed using real-time PCR.Results showed as follows: after feeding 20,40 and 60 days,the hepcidin gene had expressed in 4 tissues of M.albus,and that in hepatopancreas was higher than that in head kidney,spleen and hindgut(P0.05).At the same feeding stage,with increasing vitamin D3 supplemental level,the expression of hepcidin gene in 4 tissues was firstly increased and then decreased.On the 20th day,the highest values of hepcidin gene expression in 4 tissues were all found in 2 000 IU/kg group,and there were significant differences between 2 000 IU/kg group and other groups(P0.05).On the 40th and 60th days,the highest values of hepcidin gene expression in hepatopancreas and head kidney were all found in 500 IU/kg group,and there were significant differences between 500 IU/kg group and 0,250,4 000 IU/kg groups on the 40th day(P0.05),and between 500 IU/kg group and other groups on the 60th day(P0.05).In conclusion,in a short time(20 days) feeding,supplementation of 2 000 IU/kg vitamin D3 can significantly promote the hepcidin gene expression in splanchnic tissues of M.albus;in a long time(40 or 60 days) feeding,supplementation of 500 IU/kg vitamin D3 can significantly promote the hepcidin gene expression in hepatopancreas and head kidney of M.albus.