Emerging pandemics indicate that people are not infallible and that communities need to be prepared. Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak was first identified in late 2019, and has now been declared a World Health Organization pandemic. Countries around the world are reacting to the virus outbreak differently. On the other hand, several other nations have put in place successful measures to control the virus, reporting a relatively limited number of cases since the pandemics started. Restrictive steps such as social distancing, lockdown, case identification, isolation, touch monitoring and exposure quarantine had shown the most effective acts to monitor the spread of the disease. This review will help readers understand that this invisible and 'omnipresent' virus has taught a lesson for the first time in human history that whatever human power might have, it could not subjugate every living being in this world. This has been confirmed once again by the recent invasion of this human virus. Difference in the answers of the different countries and their outcomes,  based on that country's experience, India responded accordingly to the pandemic. Only time will tell how well India comes up against the outbreak. We also propose the potential approaches the global community will take in handling and minimizing the emergency.


Dairy permeates contain almost original amount of lactose, small fraction of other solid compounds and water. For complete lactose hydrolysis and glucose-galactose syrup production, it is essential to ensure the optimal substrate concentration and conditions to improve product quality and save energy, water and material costs. The aim of this study was to investigate β-galactosidase preparates capability using concentrated whey and milk permeates with 20, 30 and 40% (w w) of total solids. Commercial β-galactosidase preparates (Ha-Lactase 5200 produced by Kluyveromyces lactis and NOLA Fit5500 produced by Bacillus licheniformis, Chr.HANSEN; GODO-YNL2 produced by Kluyveromyces lactis, Danisco, Denmark) at dosage 500 NLU·L (Ha-Lactase 5200, GODO-YNL2) and 500 BLU·L (NOLA Fit5500) were used for lactose hydrolysis. The concentration of each permeate was 20, 30 and 40% (w w) of total solids. 10% KOH was used to adjust optimal pH for fermentation media. Samples were monitored in incubator for 4 hours at temperature 42.5±0.5 °C. Lactose, glucose and galactose concentrations were determined by HPLC (Shimadzu LC–20 Prominence, USA). Ha-Lactase 5200 preparate was able to increase lactose hydrolysis rate more than 90% in all permeates at 20% and 30% solids concentration. GODO-YNL2 preparate showed the highest conversion of glucose in sweet whey permeate at 20% solids concentration and the lowest conversion of galactose in sweet whey permeate at 30% solids concentration. The results indicated that substrate type and solids concentration have an effect on the relative activity of commercial enzymes. The study results give a greater understanding about permeates suitability for glucose-galactose syrup production.


 Examples MS-DRGs distinguish between patients admitted with sepsis due to pneumonia, or septic shock, and sepsis due to other infections such as UTI or cellulitis, giving credit for increased severity of illness for patients with an "MCC" or major complication / comorbid condition. Operational definitions referenced by the Cooperating Parties on behalf of the American Hospital Association (AHA), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), and American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) are consistent with criteria published within the medical literature. See Dellinger RP, Levy MM, et al: Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012 Crit Care Med 2013; Vol 41, No 2. Administrative Consultant Service December 2014


Background : Low birthweight is an important contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Various interventions have been instituted toward the reduction in the incidence of low birthweight deliveries and a dmissions. Knowledge of the current trend and seasonality in low birthweight admission is required in the control of the condition. Objectives: To determine the trend and seasonality in admission and outcome of low birthweight deliveries. Methods : Retrospective review of records of babies admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, with birthweights below 2500 grams over a 5-year period, from January 2006 through December, 2010, was undertaken and the data obtained were analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.2 software. A pvalue of <0.05 was set as point of statistical significance. Results: A total of 4358 babies were admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit during the


In this paper, a novel stator hybrid excited doubly salient (HEDS) machine is proposed, which combines the advantages of PM machines with the possibility of controllable magnetic flux by auxiliary dc excited windings. The influence of end-leakage effect on the back-EMF waveforms is taken into account. The electromagnetic performances are predicted and compared with 2-D and 3-D finite element analyses (FEA), and an end-leakage factor for end-effect is defined to modify the 2-D predicted result. Finally, experimental results are given to verify the accuracy of the prediction


We introduce the notion of generalized bialgebra, which includes the classical notion of bialgebra (Hopf algebra) and many others. We prove that, under some mild conditions, a connected generalized bialgebra is completely determined by its primitive part. This structure theorem extends the classical Poincar\'e-Birkhoff-Witt theorem and the Cartier-Milnor-Moore theorem, valid for cocommutative bialgebras, to a large class of generalized bialgebras. Technically we work in the theory of operads which permits us to give a conceptual proof of our main theorem. It unifies several results, generalizing PBW and CMM, scattered in the literature. We treat many explicit examples and suggest a few conjectures.


Sustainable ocean tourism is required to establish a balance between the environmental, economic, social and cultural aspects of ocean tourism development. Sustainable ocean tourism also contributes to local and national economies, enhancing the quality of social life and protecting the ecology. Sustainable ocean tourism expands the positive contribution of tourism to biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction and aims to attain the common goals of sustainable developments for ocean tourism. Sustainable ocean tourism is possible due to the roles of regulators and private and government institutions. Government policies, regulations and guidelines play vital roles towards achieving the sustainability of ocean tourism. However, the role of institutions also cannot be ignored, which provide support in the innovation of technologies and the implementation of policies. The paper targets to investigate the roles of regulations, policies and institutions in the sustainability of ocean tourism. A primary online survey on the perception of tourism experts was conducted for this study using Google Forms. The tourism experts were invited from all over the world to participate in the survey. The study received a total of 33 responses, out of which only 30 valid responses were considered. Using the Tobit regression model, the study found that, while regulations in India relative to foreign countries significantly boost the sustainability of ocean tourism, government policies and public institutions in India relative to foreign countries remain insignificant in predicting the sustainability of ocean tourism. Therefore, government policies and public institutions in India need to be revised and reformulated to make them important drivers of the sustainability of ocean tourism.


• A 65-year-old woman with a prior history of rheumatoid arthritis with Sjogren's syndrome experienced immunoblastic lymphoma initially seen as fever and subsequent acute splenic enlargement. A technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid scan disclosed minimal uptake in the spleen, which was compatible with the diagnosis of functional asplenia. Herein, the causes of functional asplenia are reviewed, and the rare nature of this phenomenon in lymphomata is stressed. ( Arch Intern Med 1982;142:2213-2215)


Angioleiomyoma is a benign soft-tissue vascular tumor arising from the smooth muscle of the tunica media. It is more common in females. Lower extremities, particularly the lower leg and foot, are more affected. Cutaneous vessels are common site of origin. The main vessel- the femoral vein- is a rare site for the origin for a angioleiomyoma. We present a case of a large femoral triangle angioleiomyoma arising from the femoral vein. A clinical presentation, diagnosis, and radiological and histopathological findings are discussed.


Reaction of Na2S·9H2O with 1,1,2,2-tetra(2,4,6-tri-isopropylphenyl)-1,2-dibromoditin in air yields the sterically hindered four-membered 1-oxa-3-thia-2,4-distannetane ring, which is a distorted rhombohedron containing distinct Sn–S [243.9(4), 243.5(4) pm] and Sn–O [204.2(8), 202.6(8) pm] bonds; the same reagents react under anaerobic conditions to yield the corresponding 1,3-dithia-2,4-distannetane, suggesting a three-membered 1-thia-2,3-distannirane as the common intermediate in the two reactions.


A suitable application of green conservation system by the zoning can contribute to solve many problems which both Urbanization Control Area and Urban Parks cannot contribute. We analyzed the land use change of Suburban Green Conservation Areas in the National Capital Region. We found that two areas on upland areas have been developed even after the designation. We also analyzed consistency between the presence or absence of the references about reasons of the designation in every conservation plan and the actual conservation state in every area. Results indicated that four areas which have multiple references in the conservation plan have a tendency to be in a better state.


ABSTRACT The operations applied in plum processing and in the production of plum wine can significantly affect the content and activity of biologically active compounds extracted from the raw material. The aim of this study was to assess the composition of phenolic compounds, chromatic characteristics and antiradical activity of plum wines produced from three plum varieties (Čačanska rana, Čačanska lepotica and Požegača) commonly grown in Serbia. Čačanska lepotica wine was characterised by the highest content of total phenols, total anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, the highest colour intensity (CI) and the strongest antiradical activity against DPPH free radicals. A significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.828–0.905) between the antiradical activity and the content of total phenolics and total anthocyanins was determined. Peonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, peonidin-3-rutinoside, chlorogenic and caffeic acids and rutin were identified as the main polyphenols in plum wines.


Background: We compared the accuracy and practicability of a new combined ear sensor device measuring pulse oximetry and transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension. Methods: Validation studies were done by comparing the results of the combined sensor with arterial blood gas measurements. In an observational part, monitoring data were obtained from 25 patients undergoing colonoscopy, sedated with midazolam and alfentanil and from 8 patients without sedation. Results: There was an excellent correlation between the oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide tension measurements comparing the combined sensor with arterial blood gas analysis (R 0.96 and 0.93, respectively). A mean rise in transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension of 7.6 mm Hg was detectable during sedation with midazolam/alfentanil and of 2.3 mm Hg without sedation. Conclusion: Combined POX/PcCO2 monitoring at the ear lobe is a novel approach to improve patient safety during sedation and may be helpful in preventing an unintentional slide into a state of deep sedation with impairment of ventilation.


Performance, reliability and popularity are all on the rise for UK passenger railroads. This paper argues, however, that the system is working despite a convoluted industry structure and not because of it. The way the UK railroad industry is financed is so opaque that it is difficult to understand how much a particular service costs to run. Government is involved in day-to-day operations of the railway at a greater intensity than when it owned and ran the network outright, with the passenger operators' franchise contracts containing directions on service patterns and the type of rolling stock required. Once the contract is signed, there is no room for new ideas, so the train operators cannot take risks. Although this may save money, when things do go wrong, the contracts are written in such a way that the private company does not face the true cost anyway. The top-heavy, centralized and bureaucratic structure requires assessment by all sides during the bidding process, and then re-assessing at intervals afterwards. The bill for this gets added to the sum to be paid off by passengers and taxpayers. It also makes independent scrutiny difficult as the true costs of running a particular service or route are almost impossible to ascertain. If more of the £5 billion of UK government support money could be spent actually operating the railroad and less on administering the artificial boundaries within it, everyone would benefit.


A total of 72 corrector magnets of 13 cm aperture and 0.5 m length are required in RHIC to correct for field errors in the interaction region quadrupoles and for other global corrections. The coils for these magnets were wound on a flat substrate using a computer controlled machine. Each corrector has four such coils of multipolar orders ranging from the dipole through the dodecapole, wrapped onto support tubes and concentrically assembled inside an iron yoke. There are five different model types depending on the combination of coils used. A critical issue was the alignment of the magnetic centers and the field angles of various coils. Adjustable shims were incorporated in the design to deal with unacceptable misalignments that could result from construction tolerances. Each magnet was partially assembled with nominal shims and was warm-measured with a rotating coil system. The shims were then adjusted as necessary to keep the field angles within /spl plusmn/1 mrad, and the relative alignment of the magnetic centers within /spl plusmn/0.2 mm. The field error harmonics are typically below 1% of the dominant multipole term at a reference radius of 40 mm, with some exceptions. All the magnets were tested for reliable operation at 4.35 K by performing bipolar power cycles to the maximum test current of 70 A for the dipole and 100 A for all the other coils, well above the maximum operating current of 50 A.


DOI: 10.46998/IJCMCR.2021.10.000239 Back ground Bezoar is the accumulation of undigested foreign bodies or nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. Several types of bezoar have been described including: hair (trichobezoar), fibers or seeds of vegetables and fruits (phytobezoar), or remnants of milk (lactobezoar), stones (lithobezoar), tablets (pharmacobezoar) and miscellaneous (fungus, sand, paper, etc.) [1,7].


Charge is injected into the bulk of an insulating liquid in the form of nanodrops produced by an immersed Taylor cone of an ionic liquid. The charge then drifts onto the insulator surface, destabilizing it and leading to the formation of an electrified jet that atomizes into approximately monodisperse micron size insulator drops. The approach is similar to those previously based on field injection of ions from sharp tungsten tips, but the continuous renewal and self-sharpening of the liquid charge-injector permits long-term stable operation. Using heptane as the insulator and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-BF4 as the ionic liquid we produce approximately monodisperse drops with average diameters ranging from less than 4 up to 20 μm, injecting in some cases as little as 0.0002% by volume of ionic liquid. No fundamental limitation restricting the possibility of forming even smaller drops is apparent. The scaling law of Kim and Turnbull ["Generation of charged drops of insulating liquids by electrostatic sprayi...


Corn milling byproducts are expected to increase dramatically in supply. Two primary types of milling processes currently exist, resulting in quite different feed products. The dry milling process produces distillers grains plus solubles, and the wet milling process produces corn gluten feed. These feeds can be marketed as wet feed, or they can be dried and marketed as either dry corn gluten feed or dry distillers grains with or without solubles. For the purposes of this article, only wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) will be discussed. The majority of plant expansions are dry milling plants; however, an increase in supply of both WDGS and WCGF is expected. Therefore, these feeds may be very attractive for beef producers to use as an energy source. This article will focus on the production, composition of these feeds, energy value and implications, and economics of using WDGS. Some other management issues will be discussed as well including grain processing when these byproducts are used in feedlot diets, roughage level when these byproducts are used, and feeding combinations of WDGS and WCGF. Forage fed situations will not be covered primarily because wet byproducts are not common ingredients in many forage feeding situations. However, wet byproducts work well in forage based diets performing similar to or better than dry byproducts.


The goal of the paper is to present a method for the decoupling of a multivariable system and to show how this procedure allows the problem of vibrations rejection to be faced. The system we have worked with represents the dynamic behaviour of the GTC's (Gran Telescopio Canarias) 10 m diameter primary mirror. This telescope will be built in the island of La Palma (Spain). The big size of this mirror has caused its segmentation into 36 hexagonal pieces called segments. The system has 108 inputs and the same number of outputs coupled among them. With the decoupling method we present in this work, the problem of designing a controller for a MIMO system has been converted into the calculus of 108 SISO controllers. One of these controllers is presented as an example of how the decoupling process facilitates the noise rejection.


In the paper, the soft-switched technique is used in the AC/DC rectifier. A new voltage-fed AC/DC high power factor rectifier with bridge-mode parallel resonant-DC-link is proposed and ZVZC switching can be realized for bridge devices. The two kinds of operating states for the rectifying and inverting are analyzed in normalization with the phase-plane method and the phase-plane figure is given. On this basis, the critical conditions which guarantee all switch devices to realize soft-switching, are discussed and the main parameter design is made. The results of simulations and experiments are presented.


Districts are now widely adopting mini mum standards, putting their faith in such adoption to solve the problem of declining skills in mathematics, reading, and writing. Kern High School District was the first in California to require demonstrated com petency for graduation, but although much has been learned in the five years the pro gram has been in operation, more questions have been raised than answered. Actual im plementation of the program was through the director of instruction and research, and studies were made of skill levels of community members, incoming freshmen, and graduating seniors. Perhaps an account of the experiences and research of this dis trict, as they pertain to mathematics, would be instructive.


Cancer is a deadly and ever present disease in humans and its treatment has become a focus of many types of research. This project was designed to synthesize a platinum complex that will cross-link DNA and in turn cause cell death for rapidly dividing cells (usually cancer cells). The target compound strongly resembled the structure of a nucleic acid, thymidine. Further, nucleic acids are extremely important to cell life and cell membranes have transporters specific for them. Therefore, the purpose to exploring this new platinum complex was to create compound that a cell can easily transport inside its cell and nuclear membranes. With an end product structure in mind, a series of seven reactions were attempted in the lab in order to create this compound. Upon purification by column chromatography, each intermediate was tested for structure and purity using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC).


This chapter charts how a group of citizens seek to challenge systemic and institutional racism within their city by building their own datasets and tools. It looks at how some computer programmers created black data — data about the murder of black lives, data about systemic, institutional racism, and data that demands justice. The result is a Mapping Police Violence database. The database maps the deaths of people killed by the police by district, most of which happened in black neighbourhoods. This initiative then grew into a black atlas of the city, incorporating crime data, census data, and some housing and welfare data.


This study aims to determine the influence of audit procedures and auditors' experience on auditors' responsibility in detecting fraud, and to examine whether Javanese culture moderates the influence of audit procedures and auditors' experience on their responsibility in detecting fraud.
The samples in this study are 35 respondents and the questionnaires were distributed to employees working in 8 Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in Semarang. All questions were measured using Likert scale with 4 rank answers from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The data were processed using SPSS 22. Data analysis method used is quantitative analysis using validity test, reliability test, normality test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis test and moderating test.
The results of this study showed that the variables audit procedures and auditors' experience has a significant influence on the auditors' responsibility in detecting fraud, and the variable Javanese Culture is found to moderate the influence of audit procedures and auditors' experience on the responsibilities of auditors who are working in public accounting firms (KAP) in Semarang regarding fraud detection.


The aim of this study was to determine the association between global DNA methylation and nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during oogenesis and occurence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in Down syndrome (DS). Additionally, the imact of endogenous and exogenous factors on global DNA methylation was analyzed, including MTHFR C677T polymorphism, gender, age, body mass index, intake of folate through diet, periconceptional folic acid supplementation, smoking, alcohol drinking and medication use.
 Patients and methods: A total of 94 mothers of children with DS of maternal origin and with defined meiotic stage of chromosome nondisjunction have been enrolled in this study. The control group consisted of mothers of healthy children with no personal or family history (N=100). The influence of global DNA methylation on development of CHD was studied in 42 DS probands who were the children of mothers included in this study. Global DNA methylation was analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes by quantification of LINE-1 methylation using MethyLight method. Genotyping of MTHFR C677T polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP.
 Results: Global DNA methylation in mothers of children with DS was significantly lower than in mothers of healthy children (P=0.000), but no significant differences were found regarding the meiotic stage of nondisjunction of chromosome 21 (P=1.000) or regarding the presence of CHD in their children (P=0.951). Combination of MTHFR C677T genotype/diet significantly influenced global DNA methylation (R2=4.5%, P=0.046). The lowest values of global DNA methylation were determined in mothers with CT+TT genotype and low folate diet. The contribution of these factors was even higher among mothers of children with trisomy 21 resulted from meiotic one nondisjunction (R2=6.2%, P=0.036). The highest effect was found in mothers of children with DS-CHD+ (R2=9.9%, P=0.026), particularly among those who had children with DS and septal heart defect (R2=15.4%, P=0.018). In DS probands, no significant differences in global DNA methylation were found according to the presence of CHD (P=1.000), but values of global DNA methylation were significantly influenced by gender (R2=19.1%; P=0.025).
 Conclusion: Our findings revealed global DNA hypomethylation in mothers of children with DS, suggesting that this is a possible risk factor for nondisjunction of chromosomes 21 during oogenesis 21. Although, global DNA methylation was not significantly associated with development of CHD in DS, its influence can not be completely excluded, since the significant impact of MTHFR genotype and diet on global DNA methylation in mothers of DS-CHD+ was determined. Further analyses on larger sample are needed to provide an answer to this question.


At present,the campus network resources are increasingly rich.How to search the campus network resources quickly and efficiently have become important issues need to be resolved.The characteristics of search engines in campus network were discussed,and the implementation of search engine in middle-small campus networks was proposed.Practice has proved that the implementation is economical and feasible.


Roll-to-roll (R2R) ultraviolet (UV) imprinting technology, because of its merits of low cost, high throughput, and large-area patterning, is attracting interest from academia and industry for continuous fabrication of micro/nanostructures. Early reports of UV imprinting can be traced back to the 1970s, while R2R UV imprinting did not appear in the literature until 2006. This review surveys recent progress of R2R UV imprinting technology in terms of UV-curing resin material behavior, innovative apparatus, and typical processes involved in this method including resist filling, UV exposure, UV curing, and demolding. Roller mold fabrication is also thoroughly discussed, and challenges and innovations in mold fabrication techniques are comprehensively summarized. Typical industrial applications of UV imprinting are systematically cataloged. Finally, technical challenges and future trends for R2R UV imprinting technology to fabricate micro/nanostructures are presented.


For school libraries to thrive they need to be reimaged often and well. Without vision we walk in darkness and eventually our libraries will become irrelevant and die. With a strong vision, careful planning, hard work, passion, perseverance and determination we can all transform our libraries into exciting learning places now and for the future … and we can do it on a shoestring! This presentation follows the transformational journey of one school library, outlines the steps taken and shares the impact this has had on the positive, engaging learning culture of the school.


Induced circular dichroism spectra of inclusion compounds between ethyl oran-ge and α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrins were investigated The formation of two kinds of complexeswas confirmed by Job's continuous variation method. One is 1:1 complex of α-CD_x to ethylorange; the others are 2:1 and 1:1 complexes of β-and γ-CD_x to ethyl orange.


[Task] provide a vehicle of the inverted pendulum type, which can perform a turning movement with ease, without any additional apparatus requiring, even though the vehicle is configured to drive on a single drive wheel. [To achieve the task means] A substantially vertical main axis of inertia (B) of the vehicle is inclined rearward with respect to a vertical plumb line. As a result, when a driver shifts his center of gravity in any lateral direction and tilts the vehicle in the appropriate direction will cause the main wheel (85) turns about the principal axis of inertia around, so that the main wheel (85) actually driving, and the vehicle can be grazed in a desired direction.


Concerns about the safety of a class of drugs used to treat anaemia have triggered a federal alert in the United States. The alert comes after recent studies reported a higher incidence of fatal cancers and cardiovascular events among patients who were treated with drugs known as erythropoiesis stimulating agents when the drugs were used to raise haemoglobin concentrations to more than 120 g/l.

The US Food and Drug Administration issued the alert on 16 February, urging doctors "not to [give doses] to exceed haemoglobin levels of 12 g/dl" when treating patients with anaemia resulting from chronic renal failure, cancer or cancer chemotherapy, or HIV or AIDS.

The agency has scheduled an advisory committee meeting for 10 May to assess the risks of the drugs, which include epoetin alfa (made by Ortho Biotech and sold in the US under the brand name …


We have shown previously [I] that the cubic paraelectric phase of BaTiO3 and KNbO3 is disordered : the atoms are displaced from the high symmetry position of the ideal perovskite structure and the displacements are correlated along lines parallel to the cubic axes. The anisotropic fluctuation domains or (( correlation chains )) involve the correlated motion of about 20 unit cells and give rise to an intense diffuse X-Ray scattering localized in { 100 }reciprocal planes. The case of KMnF3 and NaNbO3 is different since these crystals undergo, when the temperature is lowered, a structural transition from the cubic phase to a quite different tetragonal phase : due to the rotation of the fluorine or oxygen octahedra [2], [3] there is a doubling of the unit cell parameters. The X-Ray diffuse scattering patterns show that the cubic phase of these materials is highly disordered. For KMnF3, the scattering is restricted to the < 100 > reciprocal axes passing through the superlattice nods of the lower temperature phase [4]. This means that the atomic displacements related to the octahedra rotation are correlated in the { 100 ) planes of the crystal, and involve a local doubling of the unit cell even in the cubic phase. The case of NaNbO3 is even more complex : the two kinds of scattering (planes and rods) are present on the X ray pictures. The two kinds of disorder are present simultaneously in the cubic phase : correlation chains related to the off-centering of atoms (and the ferroelectric effect), correlation planes associated to the octahedra rotations 151. 01 190 01 2LO 290 873 973 TEMPERATURE ( O K 1 1073 TEMPERATURE IOKI Fig. 1. Variation of the intensity of the scattering restricted to reciprocal axes as a function of temperature : a) KMnF3, b) NaNb03. The two scattering have a quite different behaviour with temperature. In the first case, the intensity is nearly constant in the cubic phase [I], but in the second, the intensity variation is critical with a maximum at the transition temperature and a slow decrease in the cubic phase (Fig. 1).


The invention belongs to the field of battery manufacturing, and particularly relates to a slurry coating process-based method for preparing a thin thermal battery positive electrode and electrolyte combination electrode piece. The method comprises the steps: preparing homogeneous thermal battery positive electrode slurry, then coating a conducting substrate with the homogeneous thermal battery positive electrode slurry, drying, solidifying and pressing to obtain a thin thermal battery positive electrode piece; and preparing homogeneous thermal battery fused salt electrolyte slurry, coating the thin thermal battery positive electrode piece with the homogeneous thermal battery fused salt electrolyte slurry in a lamination manner, drying, solidifying and pressing so as to obtain the thin thermal battery positive electrode and electrolyte combination electrode piece. The thin thermal battery positive electrode and electrolyte combination electrode piece prepared by adopting the method has the advantages that the thickness can be reduced by 1/3-1/2 and is adjustable in the range of tens of micrometers to hundreds of micrometers, and the combination electrode piece has very high values on creating a new way in miniaturizing and thinning thermal batteries and promoting development of national defense industries.


AIM: To investigate the expression pattern of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) on normal and malignant colon tissues to evaluate its diagnostic and therapeutic significance.METHODS: cDNA encoding Ep-CAv extracellular domain was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from excised malignant colon tissues and inserted into a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged vector. EpCAM-GST fusion protein was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and purified with glutathionesepharose. The Ep-CAM-GST fusion protein was mixed with Freund's adjuvant and Balb/c mice were immunized with it. Sp2/0 myeloma cells were fused with the spleen cells of the immunized mice. After having selected by indirect ELISA, the anti-Ep-CAM monoclonal antibodies (NAbs) were generated and the corresponding ascites were obtained.Finally, the human colon carcinoma tissue array prepared from seventy individual patients was stained with the antiEp-CAM NAbs.RESULTS: The isolated Ep-CAM cDNA sequence was identical to the data in GenBank. The expressed fusion protein was almost soluble and had a molecular weight (NW) of 53 ku.Four NAbs against Ep-CAM were obtained and designated as FMU-Ep1, FMU-Ep2, FMU-Ep3 and FMU-Ep4 respectively.Among them, FMU-Ep4 could recognize the natural EpCAM on Colo205 and SW480 cells, and all of them could be used for immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections.It was found that Ep-CAM was distributed differently in normal and various malignant colon tissues, including squamous cell carcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.In normal colon gland epithelia, Ep-CAM antigen was mainly distributed on the basolateral membrane and in the region between the basolateral membrane and the cytoplastic part near the nuclei, whereas the expression pattern of colon malignancies was mainly on the whole surface of epithelia and the expression was much higher than the normal colon tissues. The staining pattern of tissue array showed in adenocarcinoma and papillary adenocarc


It is well-known that a regression estimator of the mean quality characteristic would be more informative when a correlated auxiliary variable is available. In this manuscript, we propose a new lot acceptance sampling plan based on the exponentially weighted average (EWMA) statistic of the regression estimator. It is assumed that the two variables of quality characteristic of interest and an auxiliary variable follow a bivariate normal distribution. Two cases of sigma known and sigma unknown are considered separately. We provide the tables for industrial use for various values of the smoothing constant. The efficiency of the proposed plan is discussed over the existing acceptance sampling plan based on EWMA.


In the research of the philosophy of Zhuangzi, it is general that some, or even most part, of the texts in this book are considered to be in accordance with Zhuangzi. However, the different classification and quotations of the texts in Neipian (內篇) Waipian (外篇) and Zapian (雜篇) will affect the result of the research and the meaning of the result. This article tries to point out that most texts of Zhuangzi are in consistency and it is better to take most texts in this book into consideration in the research work. Besides, the book of Zhuangzi is not the work of a school of extensive Zhuangzi's followers, but it represents the philosophies of a school of Zhuangzi's followers whose philosophies close to Zhuangzi(Master Zhuang).


Microneedle (MN) patches consist of a hydrogel‐forming MN array and a drug‐containing reservoir. Drug‐containing reservoirs documented in the literature include polymeric films and lyophilized wafers. While effective, both reservoir formulations are aqueous based, and so degradation can occur during formulation and drying for drugs inherently unstable in aqueous media. The preparation and characterization of novel, nonaqueous‐based, directly compressed tablets (DCTs) for use in combination with hydrogel‐forming MN arrays are described for the first time. In this work, a range of drug molecules are investigated. Precipitation of amoxicillin (AMX) and primaquine (PQ) in conventional hydrogel‐forming MN arrays leads to use of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based MN arrays. Following in vitro permeation studies, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies are conducted in rats with MN patches containing AMX, levodopa/carbidopa (LD/CD), and levofloxacin (LVX). Therapeutically relevant concentrations of AMX (≥2 µg mL−1), LD (≥0.5 µg mL−1), and LVX (≥0.2 µg mL−1) are successfully achieved at 1, 2, and 1 h, respectively. Thus, the use of DCTs offers promise to expand the range of drug molecules that can be delivered transdermally using MN patches.


The purposes of this study are: (1) to study the strategic resources of accommodation business in tourism southern provinces, and (2) to analyze the measurement model of strategic resources of accommnodation business in tourism southern provinces-Krabi, Phangnga, Phuket, Songkhla, and Surat Thani.The population was 855 accommodation businesses in Tourism Southern Provinces.As for the samples for this section, 463 cases-administrators, entrepreneurs, or associate in organizing accommodation.The data was collected by questionnaire.For analysis sector applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).The result of the study found that the strategic resources of accommodation business in tourism southern provinces are: I) entrepreneurship, 2) organizational learning, 3)innovativeness, and 4) market orientation.The measurement model of strategic resources which has consistency with empirical study is at generally acceptable (x2=92.30, p<.001, df=30, RMSEA-0.067, CFI=0.99 1. SRMRz0.029).


Even though PM air pollution has been identified as a serious health hazard in China, Korea, and in parts of Japan, the allocation of responsibility for emissions has become a hindrance to negotiation and cooperation. As a result, no international regime for PM mitigation so far has yet been established. In this study, we investigate the current state, characteristics and health hazards related to transboundary PM air pollution in China, Japan and Korea, the three main actors in East Asia with respect to transboundary PM air pollution. We then explore the potential for policy coordination and the prospect for adopting policies aimed at reducing air pollution, based on an analysis using the E3ME model.


The influence of the substrate polarity (Zn polar or O polar) on the structural and optical properties of homoepitaxial ZnO epilayers grown by chemical vapor deposition is investigated. The polarity of the epilayer is controlled by the substrate polarity as shown by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Changes in stoichiometry in the epilayer are studied by quantitative TEM analysis. A small compressive strain of ${ϵ}_{cc}=3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ is observed in both epilayers and x-ray diffraction measurements indicate a superior structural quality of the epilayers compared to the substrate. Cross-sectional Raman spectroscopy also demonstrates the superior quality of the epilayers, although high strain is present within the substrates. The phonon deformation-potential parameters of the strain sensitive ${E}_{2}(\text{high})$ Raman mode are determined to $a=\ensuremath{-}730\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and $b=\ensuremath{-}1000\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Differences in the excitonic luminescence including the appearance of different emission lines and an increased full width at half maximum in O-face epilayers are observed. It is suggested that the impurity diffusion from the substrate to the layer is affected by the substrate surface polarity with lower impurity concentrations in the Zn-polar film compared to the O-polar epilayer.


In this paper, we propose a robust lip detection algorithm using color clustering. At first, we adopt AdaBoost algorithm to extract facial region and convert facial region into Lab color space. Because a and b components in Lab color space are known as that they could well express lip color and its complementary color, we use a and b component as the features for color clustering. The nearest neighbour clustering algorithm is applied to separate the skin region from the facial region and K-Means color clustering is applied to extract lip-candidate region. Then geometric characteristics are used to extract final lip region. The proposed algorithm can detect lip region robustly which has been shown by experimental results. ▸


This article is based on a project done by the research group "Change, Complexity and Innovation" that is part of the Association Society of Knowledge, Development and Innovation (ASCIDE), in an attempt to analyse the discourses and practices that surround the concept of innovation in different cultural, social, economic and institutional entities of the Basque Country. The main objective of this study is knowing how the concept of innovation is build and managed in the different entities. We work with the hypothesis that this concept is also used and understood outside its' entrepreneurial, scientific and technologic connotations, and therefore it is also important to know how the concept works in the cultural, institutional, social and educational spheres.


Javanese social life stance of course did not apart with an outlook on life or Java's philosophy. In the spiritual life which as the foundation and gives a meaning of Javanese culture, really trying to be able to seek a preliminary basis of everything. The source of Javanese culture is centered on character education, nobility, the main cultivation, manners, gentle, warm-hearted, be patient. Serat of Ki Ageng Sela's Pepali is a teaching about prohibition to negative act and teach the meaning of mankind on the life in society. With that's Pepali, Polres of Grobogan use it to controlling the society with ancestor teaches about kindness for make good behavior culture in sociall life.
The purpose of this writing to find the philosophical meaning of Ki Ageng Sela's Pepali prespective Polres of Grobogan and actualization between individual and social ethics in the social life and relevantion with Islamics prespective, which interview with 6 peoples as sample from 390 personnels of Polres of Grobogan. This research which included in category of data-based research from field so that this research which field research. Namely collect and analyzed data taken from field: observation, interview and documentation.
This research use to qualitative descriptive research. It is a technique used to describes and interprets the meaning of data that has been collected with gave attention and record as many possible aspects of the situation studied, so as to get a view generally and comprehensive about the actual situation.
From the research result can be that the philosophical meaning of Ki Ageng Sela's Pepali, talking about how important ethics in the society, prohibition to negative act, goodness and kindness, the culture of good behavior, respect and help to each others. The substance of Ki Ageng Sela's Pepali is contain the values that are harmonic to be attentioned and heeded by the peoples at now.


Results of the statistical analysis of the dynamics of areas under crops and crop capacity of winter and spring barley as a whole in Russia and including the Rostov region are stated. In the Rostov region this culture occupies considerable arable land. A brief description of the best varieties of winter and spring barley allowed to use in the North Caucasian region is given.


The debate on 'size and productivity relations in Indian agriculture', which began with the publication of a note by ono of the authors of this paper eighteen years ago, was joined by the other author six years later. Since then, many other scholars, including the present authors, have contributed to the debate. The positions taken in the past by the present authors might have appeared shcarply divergent, though the two authors themselves find that such was not the case, and that a common statement is possible on many issues involved in the debate. The present airticle is an attempt at such a common statement of position.


In this study total phenol, flavonoid, and free radical scavenging activity of Onosma Sericeum Willd (Boraginaceae), grown in Turkey and used for traditional wound healing were determined using spectrophotometric methods . Its cytotoxic effect on breast (MCF-7) cancer cells was investigated. Furthermore, mineral and trace element composition of the plant roots, collected in different times, was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Onosma sericeum Willd, collected in Besni, Adiyaman region in May, June and July, and dried properly, were extracted by using different solvents in the study. Total phenol content of the extracts was calculated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method in gallic acid equivalent as 58, 42±0, 13-93, 34±0, 68 mg (GAE)/g. The flavonoid content was calculated as 21.79±1, 3-60, 33±0, 36 mg (KUE)/g in quercetin equivalent by using the aluminum chloride method. Free radical scavenging activity was measured through a spectrophotometer according to 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. DPPH radical scavenging activity rates were found to be in the range of 60.27±0.06-78.60±0.21% in the form of % inhibition. It was observed that extracts prepared by using ethanol produced cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cancer cells depending on the dosage. It was determined that the rates of phenol, flavonoid, free radical scavenging activity and cytotoxic effect differed based on the solvent used for extraction and the time of plant collection. Moreover, trace element and mineral composition of the plant samples collected in different times were determined.


This study addresses finding the best means of introducing incoming freshmen to the library and the skills and concepts of information literacy. The results of a traditional librarian-led orientation tour are compared with those of a self-guided treasure hunt. As part of an Introduction to College Life course in a multicultural community college, students in classes selected randomly participated in the alternate forms of orientation. Identical questionnaires, completed by all participants, contained both a test of learning objectives and an attitude survey. Statistical analysis of the test results and highly positive feedback indicated an educational advantage in the self-guided tour, supporting active learning theories. The study also demonstrates the need for continuing experimentation, innovation, and creativity in orientation tour design, as well as the value of such introductory tours, enhancing both comfort level and skill in library use.


In this paper, we show that PtAu and PdAu random alloy dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles with an average size of ∼1.6 nm have different catalytic activity trends for allyl alcohol hydrogenation. Specifically, PtAu nanoparticles exhibit a linear increase in activity with increasing Pt content, whereas PdAu dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles show a maximum activity at a Pd content of ∼60%. Both experimental and theoretical results suggest that this contrasting behavior is caused by differences in the strength of H binding on the PtAu and PdAu alloy surfaces. The results have significant implications for predicting the catalytic performance of bimetallic nanoparticles on the basis of density functional theory calculations.


A method for removing impurities from ethylene copolymers and -pfropfmischpolymerisaten (ethylene polymers) containing copolymerized carboxyl groups, residues of at least one α, β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and / or at least one α, β-ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, in a vented extruder by melting the ethylene polymers one in the melting zone of the extruder and or multi-stage degassing of the resultant Ethylenpolymerisatschmelze in the degassing zone, characterized in that a devolatilization is the ethylene polymer before the completion of degassing at least one place of the extruder is added, whereby it is compounds in the Entgasungshilfsmitteln which are able, the volatility of the still present in the ethylene copolymers or -pfropfmischpolymerisaten (ethylene polymers) impurities by chemical reactions and / or by forming a Azeot to increase rops with these impurities.


The use of plants, plant extracts and plant-derived chemicals in the treatment of diseases, foods supplement and cosmetics is firmly rooted in the past and are still developing. Many drugs used in contemporary medicine have been derived from plants and were originally discovered through the traditional use by indigenous people.


Due to the heart's poor regenerative ability, new treatments need to be developed in order to repair damaged cardiac tissue after cardiac arrest. A common approach is to deliver adult stem cells combined with injectable hydrogels using minimally invasive surgery to the affected area. However, these studies have shown significant attrition of injected cells, attributed to hydrogel instability, nutrient and oxygen deficiency, and poor mechanical strength of the hydrogel. In addition, the injectable hydrogel must be able to support stem cell differentiation and long term survival of stem cells. An injectable chitosan-gelatin hydrogel has been developed to combat these challenges. To increase stability, gelatin was crosslinked with transglutaminase, an enzyme commonly used as meat glue in the food industry. To address the nutrient and oxygen deficiency, growth medium (nutrient source during in vitro culture) and oxygen releasing molecules have been added to the hydrogel. The mechanical strength of the hydrogel was manipulated to match cardiac tissue by varying the concentrations of the different polymers present in the hydrogel. This injectable hydrogel was seeded with human adipocyte stem cells and evaluated for viability of these cells. This hydrogel was able to retain cells inside the hydrogel without killing a significant population of the embedded cells for 21 days. Differentiation of human adipocyte stem cells did not occur for cells embedded in the hydrogel. Chemical stimulants and mechanical properties were not enough to induce differentiation. However, if this hydrogel were to be used for in vivo studies, the cardiac tissue mechanical and electrical cues may induce differentiation.


Pervasive systems have gained popularity and open the door to new applications that will improve the quality of life of the users. Additionally, the implementation of such systems over an infrastructure of Wireless Sensor Networks has been proven to be very powerful. To deal with the WSN problems related to the battery of the elements or nodes that constitute the WSN, Power Harvesting techniques arise as good candidates. With PH each node can extract the energy from the surrounding environment. However, this energy source could not be constant, affecting the continuity and quality of the services provided. This behavior can have a negative impact on the user's perception about the system, which could be perceived as unreliable or faulty. In the current paper, some related works regarding pervasive systems within the home environment are referenced to extrapolate the conclusions and problems to the paradigm of Power Harvesting Pervasive Systems from the user perspective. Besides, the paper speculates about the approach and methods to overcome these potential problems and presents the design trends that could be followed.


The Siberian writer Valentin Rasputin achieved prominence and popularity with Soviet and, later, western readers as a result of his four major novellas (povesti), written over an eight-year span from 1968 to 1976.1 Like Valentin Ovechkin and Efim Dorosh before him, Rasputin carried on the comparatively recent practice of focusing on the village theme and village people-one that had been somewhat neglected by Soviet writers following the official adoption of socialist realism at the First Congress of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1934. Production novels proliferated at that time and for years to come, but they normally dealt with huge industrialization projects being implemented by proletarian shock-workers, among whom the most advanced and perspicacious filled the role of the exemplary "new Soviet man," the positive hero of toil expected by literary officialdom and, even more important, by the political authorities responsible for cultural matters. On the other hand, the countryside was given much less attention, peopled as it was by largely uneducated, if not downright primitive bumpkins, who could hardly have any worthwhile views or broad perspectives on the glorious future that awaited the nation upon the attainment of communism. The poverty-stricken collectivized Soviet kolkhozniks meanwhile suffered under terrible material and cultural privations, while the authorities continued to promulgate the myth of a thriving collectivized agriculture.2 Just before Stalin's death, a noticeable change occurred under official auspices when Valentin Ovechkin's essays began to appear in print; he attempted to present a more truthful picture of the countryside, in the hope that at least some of the iniquities and problems everywhere apparent would be addressed.3 During the Khrushchev years more attention to and investment in agriculture were the order of the day: initiatives included a reduction in the size of private plots, the imposition of various new taxes, the economically inadvisable promotion of and focus on corn cultivation, and the introduction of Machine-Tractor Stations, which was both a measure of control and a move toward mechanization. Then


The Sky Polarization Observatory (SPOrt) program is aimed at making the most sensitive polarization measurements attempted so far, from the International Space Station. SPOrt scientific goals include the first polarization map of the Galaxy at 22, 32 and 60 GHz as well as full sky measurements in the so called cosmological window (90 GHz) at unprecedently high sensitivity. The expected pixel sensitivity, in fact, ranges from 5 to 10 μK with FWHM=7°. The SPOrt payload has been designed expressly both to reduce sources of unwanted spurious polarization and to make easier the removal of residual systematic, taking into account constraints due to the accommodation on International Space Station External Payload Adapters. SPOrt has been selected by the European Space Agency to fly for 18 months (2003–2004), during Early Phase Scientific Utilization of the International Space Station, and will be realized in Italy with the support of the Italian Space Agency, under the responsibility of I.Te.S.R.E.-CNR. The sco...


The BMJ reported on the European Court of Justice's ruling that EU member states can decide whether vaccines cause harms despite lack of evidence. 1 From my understanding this ruling applies to individual cases of suspected harm after vaccination.

Current vaccine safety studies, which are often performed to further investigate safety concerns in the postmarketing period, …


The site-selective modification of peptides containing dehydroalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan residues has been achieved using rhodium catalysed conjugate additions or palladium catalysed aryl-amination and -etherification reactions.


2027 Background: The determinants of long-term survival in glioblastoma have remained largely obscure. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 mutations are common in WHO grade 2/3 gliomas, but rare in primary glioblastomas, and associated with longer survival. Methods: We compared clinical and molecular characteristics of 69 patients with centrally confirmed glioblastoma and survival > 36 months (LTS-36), including 33 patients surviving > 60 months (LTS-60), with 259 patients surviving < 36 months. MGMT promoter methylation, 1p/19q codeletions, EGFR amplification, TP53 mutations and IDH1/2mutations were determined by standard techniques. Results: The rate of IDH1/2 mutations in LTS-36 patients was 34% (23/67 patients) as opposed to 4.3% in controls (11/257 patients). Long-term survivors with IDH1/2 -mutant glioblastomas were younger, had almost no EGFR amplifications, but exhibited more often 1p/19q codeletions and TP53 mutations than LTS patients with IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastomas. Among LTS-36 patients,...


The use of AgO allows a simple and efficient process which affords, compared to CAN, similar yields within a shorter time (10 min versus 45 min).


This essay explores the representation of nonhuman nature in David Malouf's postcolonial novel Remembering Babylon. By applying a postcolonial ecocritical framework to the narrative the essay shows ...


Growing from Depression starts with a fairly in-depth look at the definition, diagnosis and causes of depression. The author's background as a philosopher is evident, particularly in the chapter 'Whom does depression affect?', where consideration is given to the types of characters who


In the 1987 edition of Language Atlas of China,dialect in Yanhe Valley belongs to Qinlong Cluster,Zhongyuan Mandarin.Following the principle of replenishment and common usage,372 related words or expressions,which were omitted in A Brief Account of Reduplicated Nouns of AA-style in Dialect of Yanhe,Reduplication Pattern of the Dialect used in Yanhe Valley in County Li,Gansu Province,and A Brief Account of Usage of Words with the Suffix Pronounced as Zi in Dialect in Yanhe Valley are listed in two kinds: two syllables,three or more syllables.The author hopes the paper would give some help to those who study Chinese dialects and the history of Chinese Language.


Lots of multimedia applications require multicasting where data from a sender must be duplicated and delivered to multiple destinations. The examples of the multi-party communication service are virtual classroom, video conferencing, tele -medical and VoD(video on demand). In many circumstances, the group members are all potential senders, the number of group members can be large and changed dynamically. Therefore, the future integrated services network must provide efficient resource management for multicasting. Construction and maintaining multicast tree is very important and difficult problem in multicast communication. We suggest a hierarchical network management function to construct and maintain a multicast tree for solving this problem. The hierarchical management concept is well defined in TINA, and it is very effective to solve multicast tree problem. In this paper, we propose a management architecture model for multicast environment based on TINA. Although five functional areas, FCAPS, are depicted in TINA, we focus on the connection management of point-to-multipoint connection in this paper.


Background: Diabetes has become a global epidemic affecting children, adolescents, and adults. It is recognized as a group of heterogeneous disorders with the common elements of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, due to insulin deficiency, impaired effectiveness of insulin action, or both. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classified on the basis of etiology and clinical presentation of the disorder into four types: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and other specific types. Failures, deaths, relapse rates and favorable outcomes (cured/treatment completed) were comparable in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients with or without DM. It is also documented that in well-controlled diabetes the course of pulmonary tuberculosis is not different from that in patients without diabetes. Methods: Diabetic patients visiting the outpatient department/diabetic clinic of our facility were enrolled after taking written informed consent. The data on socio-demographic and diabetic parameters and examination findings were recorded on proforma as attached. Results: X-ray findings at start of treatment showed that proportion of patient of group I was higher than group II in left site (26.00% versus 8.00%) and proportion of patient of group II was higher than group I in right site (58.00% versus 48.00%) and bilateral (34.00% versus 26.00%), though left side was affected in higher proportion of group I patients as compared to group II but this difference was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study concluded that even though the state in which patient presented that is diabetic or non-diabetic the outcome of treatment didn't change but the earlier one was more associated with complications and also the healing took more time in patients with diabetes.


Insect behavior can be helpful to law enforcement in
determining time of death, manner of death, location, and
environment related to human or other animal victims found
at a death scene. They may also provide clues about other
aspects associated with an investigation (i.e., fly specks,
suspect DNA). The study of how insects and related
arthropods can aid in legal investigations is known as forensic
entomology. Although this includes both civil applications,
such as urban (i.e., maggots in mortuaries or insect structural
damage) or stored product (i.e., illness from food
contamination) entomology, this manual focuses on criminal
applications, such as how insect evidence can be used at death
scene investigations.
One of the most important uses of entomological evidence
for crime scene cases is in estimating time since death, or
postmortem interval (PMI). Another related term, which is
sometimes used interchangeably with PMI, and in other cases
is used separately, is "time since colonization." This is the time
at which insects first colonize a dead body. Because blow flies
visit a body often within minutes of death, it is reasonable
that this would coincide with PMI. However, it is important
to note that due to other factors such as temperature, location,
weather conditions, and other variables, insect activity can
accelerate or slow down and thus influence PMI. PMI can
even be set back if animal predators find a corpse and feed on
the flesh, inadvertently eating or destroying any insect eggs
that have been laid on it. In this case, the earliest eggs to hatch
on a body may be the offspring of insects that arrived later
in the decomposition process rather than from initial insect
visitors. If the body appears damaged by predator activity,
the possibility of early colonizer larvae having been destroyed
should be taken into consideration when making PMI
estimations.


Objective Nerve growth factor can promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury.Schwann cells may provide appropriate microenvrionment for repairing central nerve system.Object Schwann cells(SCs) which were modified by human nerve growth factor gene were injected into the injured spinal cord,the aim was to observe the functional recovery of hind limb and the expression of GAP-43 after spinal cord injury,and to explore the mechanism of SCs on the spinal cord injury.Methods 52 SD rats were divided into four groups randomly:EGFP-N1-NGF transfected SCs transplantation group(group A) 16 rats,SCs transplantation group(group B) 16 rats,PBS control group(group C) 12 rats and sham group(group D) 8 rats.The modified Allen method was used to make spinal coed injury(SCI) model.BBB scores were used to evaluate the behavior improvement and EMG to detect the velocity of the central nerve at 7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d,respectively.Then the animals were killed and the SCI areas were embedded by paraffin,tissue section and immunostaining of GAP-43 to evaluate the histology recovery after spinal cord injury.Results The result of BBB scores is group D group A group B group C;There is significantly difference between group A,B and C,but it were longer than group D for the velocity of the central nerve of EMG,the p value is lower than 0.05.Conclusion The immunostaining of GAP-43 showed that group A group B group C,the group D have little expression.Our study confirmed that NGF gene modified SCs could promote the recovery of spinal cord injury,probably by promoting the growth of the nerve axon.


Determination of the biological activity of a specific compound in'modern pracffce [2] is generally followed up by a series of papers on synthesis of numerous analogs of the parent structure. This report is part of specifically such an investigation, the goal of which is continuation of the search for potential antithyroid drugs in the series of structural analogs of 1H-2-oxo-3-(2-benzimidazolyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline [3,4] by replacing the benzimidazole ring by other heterocycles, in this case coumarins. The conventional route to obtaining coumarins (well known under the name of Knoevenagel condensation) is the reaction of methylene-active compounds with salicylaldehydes in the presence of relatively weak bases, most often piperidine, followed by spontaneous closure of the benzopyran ring [5]. The fact that such reactions proceed so easily is why synthesis of the target 1H-2-oxo-3-(coumarin-3-yl)-4-hydroxyquinolines (I) is done by condensation of salicylaldehydes (II) with the methyl ester of 1H-2-oxo-4-hydroxyquinonlin-3-acetic acid (III) as the methylene-active component. Considering the pronounced acidic properties of the 4-hydroxy groups in 2-oxo-4-hydroxyquinolines [6], we slightly modified the traditional route for synthesis of coumarins, proposing the use of catalytic amounts of piperidine [7]. However, carrying out the reaction ila piperidine as the basic catalyst and simultaneously the solvent unexpectedly led to the piperidylamide of 1H-2-oxo-4hydroxyquinoline-3-acetic acid (IV). Direct amidation of ester III by a secondary amine is unlikely. So the result obtained obviously can be explained by cyclization of ester III under conditions of synthesis to the anhydride V, which in turn easily acylates piperidine with formation of the amide IV obtained. From this it follows that a positive result may be expected only in the case when we replace piperidine with a base, eliminating the possibility of amidation. In fact, in pyridine, ester III is condensed with salicylaldehydes to 1H-2-oxo-3-(coumarin-3-yl)-4-hydroxyquinolines I without any complications (Table 1), although we do not exclude the possibility that even in this case the reaction proceeds through a stage of formation of compound V. The effect of the synthesized compounds on thyroid function was studied by determining the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T 4) in blood serum of experimental animals. Antithyroid drugs, as we know, depending on their mechanism of action may activate or inhibit thyroid function, as a result of which sometimes it is rather complicated to evaluate and compare its condition according to individual indices. So for a more accurate evaluation of thyroid function, we also used the functional activity coefficients (the activation coefficient K a = h/d. 10 -2 and the inhibition coefficient K i = d/h), combining such indices as the follicle diameter (d) and the height (h) of follicle cells. The indicated coefficients are most effective and representative in evaluating thyroid function. Comparing them with control values lets us judge the degree of antithyroid action. Analysis of the experimental data obtained, presented in Table 2, shows that of all the coumarin quinolines, only the halogen-substituted derivatives Ig,e reduce the triiodothyronine content to the mercazolyl level. However, according to other indices, they are significantly inferior to the reference drug. The methyl ester of 1H-2-oxo-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-acetic


A toroidal system has been constructed for an investigation of plasma containment by the combination of a steady toroidal magnetic field and a rotating transverse magnetic field of 2-pole configuration. An argon plasma is pre-formed with a separate r.f. field which is terminated when the rotating field is applied. For low rotating field strengths, stable compression is observed. For B0>(B0)crit approximately=0.8 mT, however, the behaviour changes markedly. Rapid plasma heating occurs and the density corresponds to nearly full ionization. Under these conditions little compression is observed, a consequence, apparently, of the anomalous resistivity measured.


The alveolar crest acts as a scaffold to support the overlying gingival tissue. It follows the curvature of the cementoenamel junction within a constant distance of nearly 1 mm) In the interproximal region, a pyramidal form of the bone is created, which enables the interdental papillae to properly fill the interproximal space and, as a result, impart the perception of healthy gingiva. Shape and size of the interdental papillae are also affected by the distance between neighboring teeth and the curvature of the proximal surfaces of the adjacent teeth. Periodontal disease may result in resorption of interdental septa and is often accompanied by a recession of the interdental papillae. 2 Periodontal surgery and even conservative nonsurgical treatment may pronounce the collapse of the papillae and aggravate the gingival defect. In situations of middle and high lip lines that display the gingival tissue, anterior papillary damage may offer considerable esthetic and phonetic obstacles. For these two types of lip lines, gingival tissue plays an important role in the composition ofdentofacial esthetics. 3 A small aberration of the normal view of the gingival papillae, in these situations, will immediately result in the impression of an


Nearly oriented ZnO nanorods with a mean diameter of ∼200 nm and length of 0.8 to 1.7 μm were prepared directly on lattice-mismatched Si (100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition without catalysts. In correlation with the detailed characterization of the morphology, crystalline structure, and oxide phases of the prepared ZnO nanorod arrays, the photoluminescence and lasing properties were studied. At room temperature, the ZnO nanorods emit strong near band edge emission resulting from radiative recombination of free excitons generated by ultraviolet light excitation. The random-lasing-like stimulated emission is observed at high optical pumping at room temperature, which centers around 382.8 nm and results from the superposition of guided lasing modes in different nanorods. The individual peaks as well as the stimulated emission as a whole show red shifts as the pumping intensity increases.


This paper will introduce fuzzy control to milling process to make the cutting force as quickly as possible, error-free, stable track to the set expectations, to achieve an effective and stable control of milling process in variable conditions and a class of uncertain information.


This report describes a new proposed design for autogenous mobile systems which can move without any external mechanisms such as legs or wheels. A Duffing oscillator with a cubic spring, which is excited by an impulse periodic force, is utilized to drive the whole system. The rectilinear motion of the system is performed employing the periodically oscillation of the internal mass interacting without collisions with the main body. Utilizing the nonlinear restoring force of the cubic spring, the system can move in desired directions. When the ratio between the excitation force and the friction force is smaller than 2.5, backward or forward motion can be easily achieved by applying an excitation force in the same desired direction. Different from other vibro-impact drifting devices, no impact needed to drive the new proposed system. This novel structure allows to miniaturize the device as well as to simplify the control algorithm thus can significantly expand applicability of the proposed system.


DUARTE, Aires. Biomass-to-liquids: a contribution to the synthetic biofuels obtaining study through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.2009. 143p. Master ́s Dissertation Post-Graduation – Inter Units Energy Related Graduate Program, Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. What is supposed to be on board of this study consists in an alternative way focused on vehicular use synthetic fuels obtaining, using as main process the technological route known as Biomass-to-Liquids (BTL), which one consists on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis use for hydrocarbons chain "building" starting from monomer units obtained from a gas mixture made up mostly by carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H), known as syngas – from fossil energy sources such as coal or natural gas – or also biosyngas – from carbonaceous renewable raw materials, such as biomass. This paper aims to address the beginning of the production chain in order to introduce a concept for biomass and the biosyngas obtaining means through the process known as gasification, a reference is made to a successful biosyngas obtaining the dependencies at the Institute for Technological Research (IPT) from Sao Paulo. Then there is the use of that input in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis – widely used throughout the twentieth century, in specific countries, to supply the local vehicle fleet – where its basic principle is introduced, as well as the main hydrocarbons chain formation mechanisms thus different molecular weights providing gasoline and diesel oil. This essay presents concepts for the word fuel, the same way that makes it for fossil fuels, their major products and their properties in order to use them as a comparison standard for synthetic biofuels, it was also presented the historical development of this technology and first and second generation of biofuels, in order to bring evidence to suggest the benefits of the Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel once compared to its conventional equivalent come from the petrochemical and finally to demonstrate it as a socio-environmentally superior quality synthetic biofuel for the future of global energy matrix.


The design of rate-changing multirate systems using a maximum relative l/sup 2/-error criterion is analyzed. Using multirate techniques, the criterion is simplified to a matrix-response approximation problem. An algorithm using convex optimization is proposed to solve the problem. An example illustrates the use of the algorithm and effectiveness over methods intended for LTI system design. This approach is useful if little is known about the signals to be processed.


Let $X$ be a Riemannian symmetric space of noncompact type and $T$ be a linear translation-invariant operator which is bounded on $L^p(X)$. We shall show that if $T$ is not a constant multiple of identity then there exist complex constants $z$ such that $zT$ is chaotic on $L^p(X)$ when $p$ is in the sharp range $2<p<\infty$. This vastly generalizes the result that dynamics of the (perturbed) heat semigroup is chaotic on $X$ proved in [15, 17].


The intensive process of economic growth and job creation in Brazil in the last years is often associated an important dimension where this process is far drop satisfactory: the high incidence rates of occupational accidents. Important instruments can be constructed from the quantitative study considering possible changes caused by economic dynamics over the years. We conducted exploratory spatial data analysis  (ESDA) and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to analyze the spatial distribution of this rate in order to identify critical regions in Brazil. Data were extracted from the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) and from the Brazilian Ministry of Social Security websites for the years from 2002 to 2012. Results show that the incidence rate of occupational accidents in Brazil is distributed in a geographically non-random manner and municipalities with high rates tends to cluster.


Abstract In the present work, carbon based heterogeneous acid catalysts have been prepared using various synthesis approaches based on the use of sustainable starting materials. The properties of the catalysts have been investigated using Fourier transformed infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The screening studies for catalytic activity in biodiesel production have established that a catalyst prepared by the approach of hydrothermal carbonation followed by sulfonation from the commercial cellulose showed the best catalytic performance and hence was used in a detailed parametric study for the ultrasound assisted (low frequency 20 kHz horn with power of 120 W) synthesis of biodiesel. The study also involved the use of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as the sustainable feedstock. The obtained optimum conditions were a molar ratio of alcohol to oil of 6:1, catalyst concentration of 3 wt%, temperature as 333 K and power dissipation of 120 W with a reaction time of 3 h. Use of different co-solvents (0.2% of PFAD feedstock) was investigated where THF was found to be the best co-solvent. Overall the novelty of the work can be established in terms of the use of sustainable approaches for catalyst synthesis and its subsequent application for biodiesel synthesis based on the use of sustainable feedstock as a PFAD.


Cam Torque Actuated one kind of variable cam timing phaser may comprise a rotor (20), surrounded by (20) with one end plate of the rotor (64) within a housing (10). The housing (10) may have at least one cavity (10a), the chamber (10a) is rigidly attached to the rotor blades (20) (22) is divided. The blade (22) dividing the cavity can (10a) into a first chamber (16) and a second chamber (18). Channel (26,28,56,58) can be connected to the first chamber and the second chamber (16, 18), thereby facilitating the blade (20) to oscillate within the cavity (10a). A brake valve (50) movable between a closed position and an open position. When in the open position, the brake (50) may be connected through an extension of the rotor (20) and through a plurality (56, 58) of the end plate portion (64) of the retaining channel, so as to allow in response to the pressurized actuating fluid to the rotor (20) relative to the end plate (64) with respect to the relative angular position (16, 18) flow through the first chamber and the second chamber. A locking pin (60) movable between a release position and a locking position.


We have performed the investigation of the nonlinear optical properties namely the third harmonic generation (THG) of the glass-formation region in the Cu 2Se–GeSe2–As2Se3 system. The samples were synthesized by direct single-temperature method from high-purity elementary substances. We have found that the value of disorder parameter Δ depends on the composition of the glassy alloys. The measurements show that increasing the Cu 2Se concentration leads to increased slope of the absorption edge, which may be explained by the decrease of the height of random potential relief for the electrons in the tails of the state density which border the band edges. A very sharp increase in the THG at low temperature was observed. Significant enhancement in THG was obtained with decreasing the energy gap, which agreed well with the nonlinear optical susceptibilities obtained from other glasses.


Pb 2+ /Pb o redox equilibrium was studied with linear sweep voltammetry.The activity of PbO increases with the solvent basicity. A Pourbaix diagram analogue is presented with redox data obtained from the present and previous studies. The diffusivity of Pb 2+ ions was evaluated from the peak currents and the effect of alumina upon it is discussed


This paper presents case studies of two boys who had problems forming friendships, and who participated in a group treatment designed to enhance their social skills. The intervention consisted of both behavioural techniques and cognitive problem solving strategies. The boys' improvement was reflected in some of the formal measures of change, and in reports from parents and teachers. The paper addresses issues concerning the role of assessment, and the selection of appropriate measures of change.


Abstract Aims  Left ventricular (LV) failure in left bundle branch block is caused by loss of septal function and compensatory hyperfunction of the LV lateral wall (LW) which stimulates adverse remodelling. This study investigates if septal and LW function measured as myocardial work, alone and combined with assessment of septal viability, identifies responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods and results  In a prospective multicentre study of 200 CRT recipients, myocardial work was measured by pressure-strain analysis and viability by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (n = 125). CRT response was defined as ≥15% reduction in LV end-systolic volume after 6 months. Before CRT, septal work was markedly lower than LW work (P < 0.0001), and the difference was largest in CRT responders (P < 0.001). Work difference between septum and LW predicted CRT response with area under the curve (AUC) 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70–0.84) and was feasible in 98% of patients. In patients undergoing CMR, combining work difference and septal viability significantly increased AUC to 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81–0.95). This was superior to the predictive power of QRS morphology, QRS duration and the echocardiographic parameters septal flash, apical rocking, and systolic stretch index. Accuracy was similar for the subgroup of patients with QRS 120–150 ms as for the entire study group. Both work difference alone and work difference combined with septal viability predicted long-term survival without heart transplantation with hazard ratio 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18–0.74) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.072–0.61), respectively. Conclusion Assessment of myocardial work and septal viability identified CRT responders with high accuracy.


Without the distinctive structural features,the tradictional public pedagogy in teachers' colleges and universities has many malpractices. The ill position of the subject is the main reason. From the angle of the splitting up of pedagogy, the writer tries to analyse the subject's predicament as well as its cauese and offers a better position for pedagogy by its status, nature, object of study and its systematic structure.


In combination with the labour division theory,the transportation economics theory and transaction cost theory and from the views of the labour division evolution,production properties and transaction properties individually,the paper had an analysis on the coal production,transportation and sales integrated operation mode of Shenhua Group.The paper think that integrated operation in Shenhua is a chain and internet organization.At the present stage of China economic development,the chain and internet organization of Shenhua Group is the positive results of the labour division evolution and the organization mode could effectively reduce the production cost and the transaction cost.But the boundary between the chain and internet organization of Shenhua Group and the market should be determined with the difference between the sum between the weight of the inner production cost and transaction cost and the market transaction cost.


It's 2030. The world's population has now grown to 8.5 billion people. Global temperatures are now an average of 1.2 degrees Celsius higher than in 1880. Seas have already risen forty centimeters since 2016, suggesting that the models of that year that projected a rise of two meters by 2100 were likely significant underestimates. The Arctic Ocean is now consistently ice-free every summer. And several countries have lost a primary source of fresh water and freshwater storage as glaciers grow smaller and smaller each year.


The NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project produces shortwave and longwave surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes for the 1983-near present time period. Spatial resolution is 1 degree. The current Release 3.0 (available at gewex-srb.larc.nasa.gov) uses the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX product for pixel level radiance and cloud information. This product is subsampled to 30 km. ISCCP is currently recalibrating and recomputing their entire data series, to be released as the H product, at 10km resolution. The ninefold increase in pixel number will allow SRB a higher resolution gridded product (e.g. 0.5 degree), as well as the production of pixel-level fluxes. Other key input improvements include a detailed aerosol history using the Max Planck Institute Aerosol Climatology (MAC), and temperature and moisture profiles from nnHIRS.The NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project produces shortwave and longwave surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes for the 1983-near present time period. Spatial resolution is 1 degree. The current Release 3.0 (available at gewex-srb.larc.nasa.gov) uses the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX product for pixel level radiance and cloud information. This product is subsampled to 30 km. ISCCP is currently recalibrating and recomputing their entire data series, to be released as the H product, at 10km resolution. The ninefold increase in pixel number will allow SRB a higher resolution gridded product (e.g. 0.5 degree), as well as the production of pixel-level fluxes. Other key input improvements include a detailed aerosol history using the Max Planck Institute Aerosol Climatology (MAC), and temperature and moisture profiles from nnHIRS.


PURPOSE: A microwave oven and a high frequency heater having a magnetron are provided to reduce volume and manufacturing costs of the magnetron by maintaining a flux density uniform in the space formed between a cathode and an anode. CONSTITUTION: A magnetron comprises a circular anode body(301) forming a plurality of resonance circuits; a cathode disposed on the internal axial center of the anode body, and which emits electrons; a working space(305) formed between the cathode and the anode body; a circular magnet(306) disposed on the anode body; an upper pole piece(307) having a flux distributing structure for distributing the magnetic flux diverged from the magnet to the upper portion of the space; a lower pole piece(308) for distributing the magnetic flux diverged from the magnet to the lower portion of the space; and an upper yoke(309a) and a lower yoke(309b) for magnetically connecting the magnet with the lower pole piece.


This master's thesis was performed with the purpose of analysing the influence of knowledge sharing on the performance of strategic alliances. For responding to the research question, a deductive a ...


To the article data of researches of influence of microelements that added to the basic ration to the sapling/pl of cattle of 1,5-6-monthly age on maintenance of proteins and activity of enzymes of АСТ and АЛТ in the serum of blood are driven. It is set that over addition to the rations of sapling/pl of cattle of microelements brings towards increasing of general albumen due to globulins and increase of ферментативной activity due to strengthening of squirrel of synthetic function of liver.


The Archean Blake River Group of the southern Abitibi greenstone belt is defined as a subaqueous megacaldera. Compelling evidence include: (1) a radial and concentric organization of synvolcanic mafic to intermediate dykes, (2) an overall dome geometry defined by the volcanic strata, (3) a peripheral distribution of subaqueous volcaniclastic units, (4) a zonal distribution of carbonate alteration, and (5) a distinct annular synvolcanic inner and outer ring fault pattern. Three caldera-forming events have been identified: (1) the early Misema caldera, (2) the New Senator caldera, and (3) the well-known Noranda caldera. The multi-vent BRG mafic volcanic complex, developed on a monotonous sequence of tholeiitic basalts, forming a submarine plain, and experienced a first major collapse that created the giant Misema Caldera (80 km in diameter). An endogenic dyke swarm intruded the synvolcanic fractures and an underlying magma chamber developed. Major volcaniclastic units were generated by local volcanic centers and summit calderas formed along the outer and inner ring faults. This fault system was used as a conduit for CO2-rich hydrothermal activity. Renewed volcanic activity was associated with a resurgent central dome inside the Misema Caldera. This second collapse event created the 35 km by 14 km NW-trending New Senator Caldera. This caldera was produced by multi-step sagging after the underlying magmatic chamber migrated to the SE and formed the Flavrian-Powel Plutons. The final collapse resulted in the formation of the Noranda Caldera that generated a well-developed 070◦-trending fracture pattern associated with several VMS deposits. The multiple-caldera setting provides an effective model to explain the presence of VMS mineralization along the synvolcanic fractures associated with the three collapse episodes. How-


Many years ago two friends of mine, he a psychoanalyst and she a psychologist, had non-identical twins. I visited them a few days after delivery, and they commented to me how different those two baby boys were: One was serene, calm, would wake up with minimal fuss, breastfeed placidly and after some minutes fall back into a blissful sleep; the other, instead, would wake up as though attacked by demons, howling as if dying. He would remain so agitated that he had trouble finding the nipple when attempted to be breastfed, choked with his own sobs while sucking, and, when reaching satiation or perhaps exasperation, would spit the nipple and continue to cry until he had fallen into an uneasy sleep. My friends commented: It is clear that one has a much better tolerance to frustration than the other. Perhaps he had already begun to internalize a good breast, perhaps his lower quota of thanatos protected him from transforming his hunger into the experience of an attacking, evil breast; while the other was tormented by his low tolerance to anxiety, already at the mercy of a bad breast attacking him. Hence their resolve: They would deliver their attention to the agitated one, breastfeeding him first and soothing him as much as they could, as the other could wait without excessive distress.


DOI: 10.9734/BJMCS/2015/19309 Editor(s): (1) Andrej V. Plotnikov, Department of Applied and Calculus Mathematics and CAD, Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ukraine. (2) Paul Bracken, Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas-Pan American Edinburg, TX 78539, USA. Reviewers: (1) Francisco Bulnes, Department of Research in Mathematics and Engineering, Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Chalco, Mexico. (2) Xingting Wang, Department of Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, USA. (3) Piyush Shroff, Department of Mathematics, Texas State University, USA. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/10426


The heat treatment to obtain ultrafine bainite in the surface layer of 38CrMoAl steel and the microstructure characteristics of ultrafine bainite were investigated.The samples carbonized at 930 ℃ for 8 h were heated at 930 ℃ for austenitization and then isothermal quenched at different temperatures in salt bath.The microstructures were investigated in the carburized layer by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the hardness was tested by HV-sclerometer.The results show that the samples which were isothermal quenched at 230 ℃ for 10 h and 255 ℃ for 4 h have obtained ultrafine bainite in the surface layer.The plate of ultrafine bainitic ferrite was as thin as 80 nm and film of retained austenite can reach a thickness of several nanometers;the mixstructures of the ultrafine bainite and low carbon martensite were formed in the transition layer,the low carbon martensite was formed in the center.The ultrafine bainite exhibits high rolling contact fatigue performance compared to the martensite under conventional quenching and tempering.


We present a new tool-supported methodology for system on chip top-level validation (TLV). The addressed problem is the systematic validation of IP interaction to ensure correct global functional behavior of a SoC design, assuming that each IP has been individually validated. The goal is to generate functional tests for the final design that cover the interaction behavior in a systematic, well-defined, and complete way. The typical problem to be found is incorrect inter-IP data flow due to misconfiguration or missynchronization of IPs. The tool is Esterel Studio, a design and verification environment based on the SyncCharts hierarchical concurrent finite state machine (HFSM) formalism. SynchCharts are a graphical variant of the Esterel high-level synchronous programming language, which is used to specify and synthesize circuits and embedded software.


This study
investigates the interconnections between self-representation in language, culture and cognition. Twenty-five Mainland Chinese
immigrants to Australia were interviewed. Linguistic features of speaking about oneself in
Chinese provide a rich resource to explore cultural meanings of the self. This thesis looks
into participants' perception of selfhood, negotiation of social identities and construal of
socio-cultural experiences by analysing linguistic constructions. To this end, data collected in the form of focus group interviews were analysed qualitatively, using a framework
that incorporates elements from social psychology, sociolinguistics and cognitive
linguistics.
   The qualitative analysis is organised according to the social
psychological tripartite model of self-representation: the individual dimension, the relational dimension and the collective dimension. The individual dimension is informed by
data where speakers differentiate themselves from others as unique individuals.
Utterances that express dyadic relationships fall under the scope of the relational
dimension. The collective dimension is revealed as speakers negotiate memberships in terms of social
collectives both explicitly and implicitly.
   Participants use language to represent themselves favourably
throughout the discussion. The analysis highlights participants' subject-positioning
in discursive interactions as the social construction of the self is a matter of social
performance. Situated in the context of immigrant Chinese, these performances find expression in
self-reliant evaluations that promote sincerity, connectedness and sharedness, which can be
argued as constituting a fluid socio-cultural construction of selfhood among the interviewed
Chinese immigrants. In terms of their group membership, they feel themselves to be
perceived as cultural exemplars of their affiliated Chinese communities. Meaningful variations
for naming these Chinese-based social groups and evaluations of their characteristics
constitute part and parcel of the construction of their Chinese ethnicity.
   Self-representational performances reflect speakers'
understandings of more enduring socio-cultural values. Sincerity and genuineness stand out as
common values. Utterances that reflect descriptions and interpretations of dyadic
relationships show that these Chinese speakers foster trustworthiness and cooperativeness by
seeking discourse alignment and avoiding dis-alignment. Discussions about social collectives and
membership categories show that participants try to establish a sense of authenticity
and correctness by projecting their own interpretations of certain meanings associated with
imagined cultural collectives onto their addressees.
   The study also finds linguistic evidence to support the view
that the self is conceptualised in culturally specific ways. Participants'
accounts of individuality and self-evaluations and self-reflections embed the dynamics of
self-representation. These utterances reflect depictions of interpersonal proximity and speakers'
imagined positions within dyadic relationships and group memberships. The ways self and other
are conceptualised in the social space suggest that the listeners are not construed by
the speaker as just the object or recipient of their utterance, but also as part of the
speaker's subjective world that is constructed intersubjectively through imagination.
Individuals imagine themselves to belong to various communities, the process of which involves the
creation and interpretation of meanings for these imagined cultural collectives and the
negotiation of these meanings in the given socio-cultural context.


Objective
To investigate the safety and preliminary effect of postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with concurrent weekly paclitaxel-nedaplatin chemotherapy for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods
A total of 52 patients who were treated from 2010 to 2013 were enrolled. The clinical target volume of IMRT included tumor beds and corresponding lymphatic drainage regions at high risk, and the total radiotherapy dose was 50-60 Gy, 2.0 Gy/fraction, 5 fractions per week. The concurrent chemotherapy consisted of nedaplatin 25 mg/m2 on D1 and paclitaxel 45-50 mg/m2 on D1 and was repeated every week during radiotherapy. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0 was used to evaluate adverse events, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.

Results
All the patients had good tolerance to the treatment, and 51 patients (98%) completed radiotherapy according to the scheduled regimen. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was 4, and 42 patients (81%) completed ≥3 cycles of chemotherapy. Most adverse events were of grade 1-2, and grade 3 adverse events were leucopenia (29%), radiation esophagitis (10%), and anastomotic stenosis (4%). One patient (2%) experienced grade 5 gastroesophageal bleeding. Of all the patients, the median survival time was 38.7 months, and the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year overall survival rates were 83%, 64%, 51%, and 38%, respectively. The overall recurrence rate was 46.2%, and the locoregional recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate were 15% and 37%, respectively.

Conclusions
Postoperative IMRT combined with concurrent weekly paclitaxel-nedaplatin chemotherapy for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is safe and effective, and large-scale prospective randomized studies are needed.

Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms/radiochemotherapy; Radiochemotherapy, concurrent; Efficacy; Security