In the hierarchical corporation, a law firm obtained work from top executives. In a flattened corporation, work emerges from project teams. Empowered project teams change the practice of law. In an image, not the golf course, but the water cooler becomes where work is distributed.In many places, corporate law departments lost their abilities to be gatekeepers over who is hired by project teams, although they increasingly are used as purchasing agents to drive down legal costs. To retain effective control over the company's legal work, legal departments partner with a limited number of firms. Benchmarking processes are often used to restructure the legal department into competing groups. Like outside counsel, inside counsel must market themselves to self-managing project teams.Law firms become client-sensitive, marketing their abilities to "add value." "Minders" begin to compete with "finders" for partnership shares. Client relations partners emerge and gain firm power. In addition to selling a business service, law firms begin to sell products.In the flattened corporation, companies use lawyers just like they use any consultant. And law firm and legal department are redesigning themselves to sell consultancy services. Changes in the organization of corporate clients are influencing change in corporate legal services.


The present work deals with the use of the Scanning Electron Microscope Mirror method (SEMM method) for characterizing the conduction and trapping mechanisms in the monocrystalline rutile (TiO/sub 2/). First, the SEMM characterizations shows that monocrystalline rutile traps strong quantity of electric charges, depending on the preliminary thermal and mechanical treatments, like for sapphire. However, one of the most interesting results is the unusual shape of the mirror image. Indeed, instead of being circular the mirrors images are elliptic, leading to the idea that the anisotropy of the material could play an important role on the conduction and trapping mechanisms. This idea is confirmed by the evolution of the curved part of the typical mirror plot 1/d=f(V). This curved part, interpreted for example in a model of multipole approximation, clearly shows an anisotropic shape of the distribution geometry of the charges. Finally, correlations with the presence of dislocations, as preferential way of electron conduction and (or) traps will be made to explain this anisotropic shape.


The paper will discuss a kind of design which about high-power laser controller. It can provide lasers steadily and controlled ampere. It also can watch over timely and dominate the lasers' temperature, in order to protect the lasers. The controller with the core of MCS-51 Single Chip Controller can provide exact control for the system, the control of ampere could attain the level of milliampere, and the temperature also attain to 0.1 Celsius degree.


To investigate the optimal conditions for shoot organogenesis in Astragalus sinicus L., hypocotyl explants were cultured in Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) for 6 weeks. 2,4-D concentration significantly effected morphogenesis: some produced calli with adventitious shoots and roots, some produced calli with adventitious roots, some produced only calli, and some produced deep-brownish calli with roots. The formation of calli with shoots and/or roots was observed at lower levels of 2,4-D, whereas calli without shoots or with deep-brownish roots were formed after treatment with higher levels of 2,4-D. Also, a shoot organogenesis ability of callus clones was observed after treatment with medium with 0.1 or 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D grown in MS medium with combinations of benzyl adenine (BA) and 2,4-D for 4 weeks. Medium with a combination of BA and 2,4-D was effective for shoot formation, whereas root organogenesis from calli decreased. The greatest amount of shoot formation was obtained when calli were cultured in MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA. Upon shoot transfer into 1/2 MS basal medium, plantlets developed, and the plantlets grew well in soil in a greenhouse.


The model of weak localization in 2D semiconductor structures in the whole range of classically weak magnetic fields in the presence of the Elliot–Yafet spin relaxation has been developed. It was shown that the spin–orbit interaction influences the value of magnetoresistance in small magnetic fields (within diffusion approximation) and when diffusion approximation is no longer valid.


#### What you need to know

Delirium is common in the last weeks or days of life.1 It can be distressing for patients and those around them. Successful management involves excluding reversible causes of delirium and balancing drugs that may provoke or maintain delirium while appreciating that most patients want to retain clear cognition at the end of life.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline, Clinical Evidence, and the Cochrane Library using the terms delirium, terminal, terminal care, palliative care, palliative medicine, and end of life. Where possible we used systematic reviews and referenced these rather than the individual trials. Our search was limited to citations from 1990 to December 2015. We also searched the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.

Delirium is the abrupt onset of fluctuating confusion, inattention, and reduced awareness of the environment. Symptoms can affect different areas of cognition (memory, orientation, language, visuospatial ability, or perception) and may include hallucinations and disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle (box 1).2 Delirium can therefore be distressing to people who experience it and those around them.3 Delirium is classified into hyperactive (restlessness and agitated behaviour predominate), hypoactive (drowsiness and inactivity predominate), and mixed subtypes. The more subtle changes associated with the hypoactive form are often missed.4

#### Box 1: What are the symptoms?


In order to obtain information concerning the effect of proteins on the thermotropic properties of biological membranes, the temperature-dependences of monolayers of different proteins and some acyl derivatives of bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been investigated. The hydrophobic proteins such as hemoglobin, β-lactoglobulin, and β-casein formed dilute monolayers, whereas the hydrophilic proteins such as cytochrome C and lysozyme formed concentrated monolayers. BSA showed an intermediate isotherm between those of dilute and concentrated films. The monolayers of BSA, cytochrome C, and lysozyme were gradually expanded with increasing temperatures. However, the temperature-dependences of the monolayers of hemoglobin, β-lactoglobulin, β-casein, and acyl derivatives were significantly different from those of the monolayers of hydrophilic proteins. In detail, the monolayers of hemoglobin and β-lactoglobulin formed the most compact structures around 20 °C and 30 °C, respectively, while the monolayers of β-casein ...


A novel photochromic compound, 3,3′- dimethyl-3,3′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethyl -2,2′-bi-1H-indanylidene-1,1′-dione (I), was synthesised and its structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compound exhibited reversible photochromism, and a stable organic radical was generated which was detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.


The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize color-tunable luminescent nanocomposite fibers composed of CdTe quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) and polylactic acid (PLA) via nanoprecipitation. This method provides a simple procedure to incorporate QDs with various emission wavelengths onto nanofibers' surfaces. A one-pot microwave irradiation method was employed to prepare green- to red-emitting 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-capped CdTe-QDs with high luminescence. Microfiber PLA membranes were produced via forcespinning. These nanofibers can integrate the luminescent properties of CdTe-QDs and extend their advantages to fiber-based structures. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the CdTe-QDs. TEM images revealed that the CdTe-QDs were 4 nm in size. The CdTe-QDs' effect on the microfibers were characterized morphologically via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that the average diameter of the CdTe-QDs/PLA nanofibers was 3.5 μm. They were optically analyzed by photoluminescence (PL), absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and confocal fluorescence microscopy. FTIR revealed strong interactions between the MAP stabilizing agents and PLA fibers. These preliminary results demonstrate that these microfibers have potential for biological labeling and diagnostics based on their properties.


Spontaneous abortion is a health issue that is prevalent among different countries. Presently, spontaneous abortion attests to a progressive increase in most developing countries of which our point of discuss borders on Zimbabwe, India and Nigeria. Developing countries are plagued with higher levels of stress in the homes and workplaces and avail little consideration on the health of a pregnant woman and her child. Bringing into focus the meaning, character, and etiology of spontaneous abortion, I will analyze the influencing factors on spontaneous abortion. The actions and strategies to implement to help curb the increased rate of spontaneous abortion should include; the implementation of policies to help reduce stress in working environments, especially for pregnant women, and educational measures to the general public concerning the health of pregnant women.


Lubchenco challenges scientists to: '' address the most urgent needs of society, in proportion to their importance; communicate their knowledge and understanding widely in order to inform decisions of individuals and institutions; and exercise good judgment, wisdom, and humility''. As participants in the International Polar Year (IPY) of 2007-08, we hope we contributed to the first challenge. Here we address the second challenge, effective science communications. (Published: 28 December 2011) Citation: Polar Research 2011, 30 , 15315, DOI: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.15315 Access the supplementary material to this article: Full set of animations (please see Supplementary files in the column to the right, under Article Tools).


We proposed that is suitable network environment and wire/wireless communication network, easy of implementation, security level preservation, scalable & reconfigurable to TCP/IP protocol architecture to implement suitable smart card MS-Serpent cryptographic algorithm for smart card by hardware base chip level that software base is not implement. Implemented MT-Serpent cryptosystem have 4,032 in gate counter and email@example.com in throughput. Implemented MS-Serpent cryptographic algorithm strengthens security vulnerability of TCP/IP protocol to do to rescue characteristic of smart card and though several kind of services are available and keep security about many user in wire/wireless environment, there is important purpose.


Breast cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. About 1.7 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2012 and 6.3 million women were alive with breast cancer in the previous five years (1,2). Despite modern therapeutic interventions, the 5-year survival rate of breast cancer has improved only marginally and its recurrence is observed in more than 50% of the patients (3,4). Treatment failure and recurrence of breast cancer can be attributed to multiple factors which are difficult to predict for a particular patient (5). Genomic tests such as Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, miRNAs and other molecular and clinico-pathological markers are often employed for guiding therapeutic decisions (6-13) but it is difficult to say which test is reliable. Subtyping of breast cancer is largely based on estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu status and the most aggressive form is considered to be triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (14), the drug resistance and recurrence rate of which is extremely high (15-17). Most alarmingly, TNBC has recently been found to be prevalent in as high as 74% of premenopausal women below 35 year of age (18). However, there exists no TNBC-specific therapeutic target yet.


Within the rational expectations framework, policy has effect if it alters relative prices and policy evaluations are exercises in modern public finance theory. The time inconsistency of an optimal taxation plan precludes the use of standard control theory for its determination. This article recursive methods are developed that overcome this difficulty. The technique is novel in that the constraint set as well as the value function are determined recursively. Even though there is little hope of the optimal plan being implemented - because of its time inconsistency - we think the exercise is of more than pedagogical interest. The optimal plan's return is a benchmark with which to compare the time consistent solution under alternative institutional constraints which society might choose to impose upon itself.


Abstract We present in this paper channel model simulation to analyze the performance of one of the most widely deployed Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) based on IEEE 802.11a standard. IEEE 802.11a uses the basic communication strategy of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) which is the base technology for next-generation communication systems. The results obtained with varying channel conditions represented by typical models are indicative of the performance of OFDM in different environments. The channel adaptation process essentially captures the propagation characteristics of a typical WLAN-enabled office ranging from a small room to a medium-sized shop floor. MATLAB and Simulink® has been chosen as the modeling tool because of its flexibility and mathematical simulation capabilities. The results show that certain channels are better than others and will help in evolving a signal power benchmark for effective communication.


Using middle-early variety"yuan-lu701"broccoli as the material,the effects of CCC on growing and vernalization-related enzyme activity by spraying different concentration(2 000,3 000,4 000mg·L-1)of CCC when the plants had three leaves and doing low temperature vernalization treatment when the plants had six leaves in broccoli are researched.The results showed that,vegetative growth of broccoli plants had been changed,which plant height was reduced and stem diameter was increased significantly,and the completion of vernalization had been accelerated under CCC treatment.The Inv activity and NR activity were reduced while GS activity was increased.In addition,low level Inv activity,NR activity and GS activity could promote completion of vernalization.


s 1. Michailidou Z, Southerland HGE, Carter R, Owen E, Kenyon CJ, Holmes MC, Morton NM, Seckl JR, Chapman KE. A novel glucocorticoid receptor allele: From HPA axis hyperactivity to metabolic abnormalities? Abstract, American Endocrine Society, June 2007, Toronto. 2. Michailidou Z, Southerland HGE, Carter R, Marshall E, Owen E, Kenyon CJ, Holmes MC, Morton NM, Seckl JR, Chapman KE. Gene trap-mediated Glucocorticoid Receptor Heterozygosity Exaggerates aspects of the Metabolic Syndrome. Abstract Oral presentation (awarded 1 prize presentation), 2 Integrative Physiology Meeting, May 2007, Aberdeen 3. Michailidou Z, Jensen MD, Chapman KC, Seckl JR, Walker BR, Morton, NM. Omental fat 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, but not Glucocorticoid Receptor, is correlated with fat cell size independently of obesity. Abstract, American Endocrine Society, June 2006, Boston. 4. Michailidou Z., Coll A.P, Morton NM, Kenyon C.J., O'Rahilly S., Seckl J.R., Chapman K.E. A selective increase in adipose 11β-HSD1 expression in corticosterone-treated POMC-null mice is associated with worsening of metabolic disease. Abstract Oral presentation. British Endocrinology Society, Glasgow, April 2006. 5. Michailidou Z., Coll A.P, Morton NM, Kenyon C.J., O'Rahilly S., Seckl J.R., Chapman K.E. Corticosterone treatment in Pomc mice selectively increases adipose 11β-HSD1 expression and promotes the metabolic syndrome. Abstract Oral presentation, North Am. Ass. Study of Obesity, Vancouver, October 2005.


Objective:To forecast the number of inpatients for hospital abministration.Methods:The model was constructed based on the number of inpatients in one hospital between from 2001 to 2004 thus to forecast the number of inpatients in 2005.Results:The number of inpatients was on rising;the Exponenting parameter α=0.45;Comparing the forecast number with the original number in 2001~2004,the relative error was 9.78%.Conclusions:The Exponential Smoothing method can be used to fit exactly the changes of inpatients number and to forecast the number in future,offering scientific information and academic evidence for hospital administration.


We have applied an innovative commercial test system (the GeneGen Major Food Pathogens [MFP] Detection Kit) to detect four of the more important pathogenic microorganisms in food, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with a shortened, simplified hybridization protocol on test strips. Testing 129 strains representing 23 different genera yielded no false-positive or false-negative results, and the limit of detection was 100 genome copies of each organism per multiplex PCR using purified genomic DNA. The kit was used for both analyses of chicken samples artificially contaminated with different numbers of the pathogens and of naturally contaminated samples. The results were compared with those obtained with standard microbiological techniques. Both methods yielded the same results in spiking experiments, detecting 1–10 cfu/25 g of the respective pathogen added. It was possible to verify the presence of all four pathogens simultaneously in one assay. The GeneGen MFP Detection Kit saves at least 2–4 days compared with standard methods. The protocol is easy to perform, and there is no need for any additional costly and sophisticated equipment, except for a thermocycler, because hybridization is carried out at ambient temperature and the results can be evaluated with the unaided eye. This enables the assay to be performed in relatively modestly equipped laboratories for both DNA-based screening of food samples and/or confirmation of suspect colonies.


The CONtrolling NUTritional status (CONUT) score represents the nutritional status of patients with heart failure (HF). Although high CONUT scores on admission are associated with increased risks of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with HF, the impact of CONUT changes during hospitalization on their long‐term prognosis is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CONUT score changes on the clinical outcomes of patients with HF after discharge.


This paper introduced the brightness temperature data sets of the Moon, which is observed by Chang'E-1 microwave radiometer. The global brightness temperature maps were presented.


The γ-MnO2 was synthesized by ultra-anclible sound method, then the PANI was electropolymerized on the surface of the γ-MnO2 granules by cyclic vohammetry method. The performance of PANL/MnO2 composited electrode was tested by constant current charge-discharge method. The results showed that the capacitance of γ-MnO2 electrode is 210 F/g in the current density of 500 mA/g. However, the composite electrode capacitance reaches 500 F/g, which capacitance increases 1.38 times.


In this paper, a class of stochastic reaction-diffusion static neural networks with mixed time delays is investigated. Lyapunov stability theory combining with stochastic analysis approaches are employed to derive sufficient criteria ensuring the system to be globally exponentially robustly stable in the mean square. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and conservativeness of our theoretical results.


In the situation Chinese economy continuously melting into the world knowledge economy system, the status of backwardness in the western area confronts with many kinds of adverse condition, which makes late - developing advantage weaken conspicuously. In order to maintain and display the advantage of late - developing, the western area should create basic conditions. On this foundation, the western economic development should choose the strategy of knowledgization development,construct emphatically the regional economy innovation system, impulse industrial structure knowledgization,and establish economic development knowledgization index system to weight quantitatively.


The recent rapid progress in integrated photonics has catalyzed the development of integrated optical computing in this post-Moore's law era. Electronic-photonic digital computing, as a new paradigm to achieve high-speed and power-efficient computation, has begun to attract attention. In this paper, we systematically investigate the optical sequential logic and pipelining in electronic-photonic computing, which together offer a solution to potential problems in latency and power budget as the size of electronic-photonic computing circuits scales up considerably to achieve much more complex functions. Pipelining and sequential logic open up the possibility of high-speed very-large-scale electronic-photonic digital computing.


Multiple options exist for decreasing the weight of injection molded automotive components. Each option offers unique advantages and limitations regarding weight reduction potential and mechanical performance of the final part. Advanced Composites has evaluated the effect of several strategies, including composite density reduction, wall thickness reduction, and foaming, on the performance of injection molded test specimens and parts made using a diagnostic tool. Densities and part weights were obtained as well as tensile, flexural, and impact properties. In the case of density reduction, the removal of mineral filler alone proved insufficient to maintain mechanical performance, indicating the need for optimization of the material formulation. The characteristics of foamed and thin-wall parts were also examined and demonstrate the need for careful consideration of part and material design.


Abstract Trajectory calculations using horizontal winds from the U.K. Meteorological Office data assimilation system and vertical velocities from a radiation calculation are used to simulate the three-dimensional motion of air through the stratospheric polar vortex for Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) winters since the launch of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. Throughout the winter, air from the upper stratosphere moves poleward and descends into the middle stratosphere. In the SH lower to middle stratosphere, strongest descent occurs near the edge of the polar vortex, with that edge defined by mixing characteristics. The NH shows a similar pattern in late winter, but in early winter strongest descent is near the center of the vortex, except when wave activity is particularly strong. Strong barriers to latitudinal mixing exist above about 420 K throughout the winter. Below this, the polar night jet is weak in early winter, so air descending below that level mixes between pola...


The high-performance Ni@PbPt electrocatalyst supported on graphene has been synthesized by a galvanic displacement reaction. The method is simple and can be carried out at room temperature without using any capping agents. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the Ni@PbPt is well distributed with no obvious aggregation. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry results indicate that the material has higher electrochemical active surface area, electrocatalytic activity, more negative onset oxidative potential and stability for the electro-oxidation of ethanol compared to PtRu and the Ni@PbPt electrocatalyst supported on XC-72 carbon black.


This book provides a useful insight into some of the ethical issues potentially faced by mental health professionals working with people with fertility issues. The authors acknowledge they cannot provide definitive answers to some of the ethical questions they pose. Instead, they aim to provide a useful resource for mental health professionals, reproductive medicine and health physicians, and IVF clinic managers


Power systems restructuring is one of the trending technologies which help in Energy Management Systems worldwide. Decentralized Interconnected Power Systems in use in recent times have issues like load perturbations affecting output frequencies, issues with nonlinearity, randomness in time delay, delayed settling time, large peak overshoot and large frequency deviation. Therefore to maintain effective Load Frequency Control (LFC) and to maintain optimum performance we propose a new paradigm of AGC system. A One-Area System has been applied with Pole placement and LQR methodologies. Also it has been studied with AGC and Fuzzy controllers, and the simulation results have been obtained. For a Two-Area Power system, AGC has been applied and the concept of deregulation introduced. Simulation works are presented for two area power systems incorporating the concept of two way interactions between DISCO and GENCO systems with DPM matrix.


Background and objectives: Leishmania major is a flagellated parasitic protozoan that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis. Pentavalent antimony compounds are considered the first-line drugs in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, the use of these drugs is associated with numerous limitations and side effects. Therefore, there is a need for herbal and natural alternatives for these compounds with fewer side effects. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of methanol extract of Quercus infectoria (oak galls) against promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major. Methods: In this experimental study, the effect of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 μg/ml of methanolic extract of oak galls and 100, 500, 1000 and 10000 μg/ml of Glucantime was evaluated against L. major promastigotes using direct cell counting and MTT assay. Moreover, the effect of different concentrations of the extract and Glucantime was investigated on the mean number of amastigotes in macrophages after 24 and 48 hours. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and oneway analysis of variance. Results: The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of the oak gall extract and Glucantime was 75 μg/ml and 221 μg/ml after 24 hours, respectively. After 24 hours, the mean number of amastigotes per macrophage was lowest at concentrations of 1000 μg/ml of the extract (0.9) and 10000 μg/ml of Glucantime (0.85). Conclusion: Considering the inhibition of intracellular and extracellular growth of L. major, the oak gall extract might be used as an efficient and safe agent for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.


Bakterisidal effect had been known in sirih plant ( Piper betle L.). This research was to know bakterisidal effectand the effectivity of leaf extract of sirih ( Piper Betle L.) based on in-vitro test to bacteria of Staphylococcusaureus and Escherichia coli. This Research had used diffusion methode that sensitivity knowledgeable Kirby-Bauer test with five treatment and seven times restating. Five treatment were consisted of negatif control 10 %DMSO, leaf extract of sirih was 2,5; 5, 10% and antibiotic as positif control. Paper disk sterile soaked in 10%DMSO and in leaf extract of sirih with concentration of 2,5; 5 and 10% respectively. Paper disk have beensoaked to be evaporated in incubator till the disk to dry, then put down at media Mueller Hinton Agar that hasbeen inoculated Staphylococcus aureus with oxacillin and also Escherichia coli with sulfonamide, then incubationat temperature of 37°C for 24 hours. The result of research shown at concentration 2,5; 5 and 10% ofleaf extract of sirih and also antibiotic can inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.With double distance test of Duncan indicate that highest result of antibacterial effect of leaf extract of sirih toStaphylococcus aureus is by concentration at 10% that not different significant with concentration of 2,5 and5%, while antibiotic of Oxacillin show lower result than third concentration of leaf extract of sirih. Highestresult Escherichia coli shown by sulphonamide antibiotic, comparated with third concentration of leaf extractof sirih. Control 10% DMSO don't have effect to both bacteria.


This paper examines the effect of regulatory requirements compliance on total assets performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The banking system is highly regulated with various laws, rules, and instruments prescribed by the Central Bank of Nigeria.However, incidents of non-adherencewith regulatory requirements has hinders total assets performance of banks.The study adopted an ex-post-facto research design. Validated data was obtained from published financial statements of (10) deposit money banksquoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were adopted for the study from 2007 to 2018; thus study sample population was ten (10) banks x 12 years=120 samples. The analysis was conducted in three stages; descriptive analysis was carried out; also diagnostic test were conducted to ensure appropriateness of the model and the choice of regression estimate to employ while multiple regression analysis was carried out to examine the effect of the regulatory requirements compliance on total assets (TA). Following the ρ-value of Fstatistics of 0.0483, which is significant because it is less than the chosen significance level of 5%, it evidenced that regulatory requirements significantly has effects on Total Assets. Therefore, banks are expected to improve on their total assets by ensuring strict adherence to regulatory instruments in their operations towardsachieving sustainablelong term performance.


In 2001, surveys of both Leach's Oceanodroma leucorhoa and European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus were made on North Rona and Sula Sgeir, Western Isles, Scotland, using tape playback for the first time. North Rona held 1,133 apparently occupied sites (AOS) of Leach's Storm-petrel (1,084 AOS after re-analysis of the 2001 data in 2009) and 371 AOS of European Storm-petrel; numbers on Sula Sgeir were five and eight AOS respectively. A repeat survey in 2009 using the same methods found 713 AOS of Leach's Storm-petrel on North Rona, a decline of about 34% since 2001, and none on Sula Sgeir. A partial survey of European Storm-petrel on North Rona found 313 AOS, suggesting no significant population change since 2001; limited time on Sula Sgeir prevented a survey there for this species. Great Skuas Stercorarius skua and Great Black-backed Gulls Larus marinus breed on North Rona and take an unknown number of storm-petrels each year, but it has yet to demonstrated whether either or both together have caused the decline in Leach's Storm-petrel. The timing of the decline in Leach's Storm- petrels can only be dated from 2001, because earlier population estimates are not comparable with the tape playback surveys of 2001 and 2009.


Cover: A convective thunderstorm arrives near the small town of Hombori (Mali) during the AMMA field campaign (August 2005). This region is located in the Sahel, a transition zone between the Sahara and the Sudanian Savannas and stretches across the African continent. In this region, the spatial distribution of soil moisture affects the regional climate system including the spatial distribution of precipitation. The author would like to thank Françoise Guichard and Laurent Kergoat for providing the cover photo (© CNRS)


This paper applies can-bus to the compass system of ship.Take LPC2292 and CTM1050 as its communication system key part,Adopts other designs both of hardware and software,completed a suit of digital compass conversation and transmission system based on ARM and can-bus.The system has the advantages of simple design and communication fast,the running effect is also satisfactory.


The article characterizes a special type of a country image - linguistic and cultural image reconstructed on the material of artistic texts of a certain time period. The author describes linguistic means creating the image of China in literary works of the representatives of the Far East.


In this paper we study Hausdorff centered measures, a useful tool in fractal geometry. The definition of Hausdorff centered measure is based on efficient coverings centered at the given set, playing a dual role to packing measures. We show that, at least in the self-similar setting, it has some advantages, from a computational point of view, over other measures based on coverings, such as the Hausdorff measure or the Hausdorff spherical measure. We also extend our results to general Hausdorff centered measures with gauge functions for which the measures scale.


Congratulations. ItalianCypress, yourwarm, affable, acutelywonderful,well-constructed fragrance composition, had me at first whiff with its coniferous, resinous notes, a bit bitter in their initial seconds but melding to that mosaic of pine needles and leaves and twigs andbranches and sap, the entire forest actually, its creamy, radiant woods and aromatic resins married to a vertiginous and vibrating citrus and basil and green moss, as lushly verdant as a pelt of lusty lawn. Then the rush of cool leather igniting the hefty, bittersweet heart of the fragrance, that ashy smokiness, like charred wood, almost eternal. A richly aromatic fusion of botanics integrating tradition with innovation. Designed, obviously, for the contemporary fragrance connoisseur. Vintage in the best possible way, neither sleek nor slick nor filled with artificiality, serious without being ponderous, sexy, alluring, inviting, especially in its later notes, so old-school spice with a hint of slightly stale air, candle snuff, cigarettes stubbed in metallic ashtrays, and cups of cold, dark, evaporated coffee. Modern, mysterious, sensual, laced with vestiges of dirty, of naughty, of underarms and bed hair and breathless, perspiration-rich, summer sex. It is, as one might say in Italian, un abbraccio forte y ristoratore, a robust and E S S A Y


Course Guide for TAX4011- Taxation of Corporations and Partnerships Course. This section will detail out the best online resources to assist you with your course research needs.


Aneasy and convenient route for the synthesis of 2,4-substituted thiazine ( 3–6 ) and 2,5-substituted thiazole ( 16 ) derivatives from phenacetamidines and glycine methyl ester is reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which phenacetamidines have been utilized as precursors for thiazine synthesis. The syntheses of novel cyclic fused 1,3-diazabutadienes 13 and 2-aza-1,3-butadiene 17 , and iodocyclization of 17 leading to the formation of thiazole 16a are also reported. In this paper a total of twenty novel compounds are reported. Keywords:  Phenacetamidines, 1,3-thiazines, thiazoles, cyclizations


Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) are remote effects of cancer. Immunological factors appear important in the pathogenesis of PNS since the detection of antineuronal autoantibodies. Detection of paraneoplastic antibodies is very helpful in diagnosing an unexplained neurological syndrome as paraneoplastic and in directing the search towards the underlying neoplasm. There are seven well-characterized paraneoplastic antibodies reactive with the onconeural Hu, Yo, Ri, Ma2, CV2, amphiphysin and recoverin antigens. Recently, anti-VGKC and anti-NMDA receptor antibodies were identified in patients with limbic encephalitis (LE). Thirty per cent of patients with anti-VGKC and LE have an underlying tumour, while most patients with anti-NMDAR and LE are young women with an ovarian teratoma. Both VGKC- and NMDAR-related LE respond well to immunotherapy. In contrast, the effect of immunotherapy in patients with PNS associated with antibodies against the intracellular onconeural antigens is disappointing. These patients benefit most from early detection and treatment of the underlying tumour.

Keywords:

paraneoplastic syndromes;
tumour autoimmunity;
onconeural antibodies


Power consumption has emerged as a primary design constraint for Integrated Circuits (IC's). In the Nanometer Technology regime, leakage power has become a major component of total power. Full Adder is the basic functional unit of an ALU. The power consumption of a processor is lowered by lowering the power consumption of an ALU, and the power consumption of an ALU can be lowered by lowering the power Consumption of Full adder. So the full adder designs with low power characteristics are becoming more popular these days. This proposed illustrates the design of the low power less transistor adder designs micro wind tool, the entire simulations have been done on 120nm Single nwell CMOS bulk technology in micro wind tool. This circuit consumes less Power with maximum (18T design) of 84% power saving compare to conventional 30T design.


Purpose – This paper seeks to develop a conceptual model that enables understanding of consumer purchase decisions in relation to the first customized products, including steps of the decision process, determinants, and consequences of each step.Design/methodology/approach – The classic grounded theory approach was used.Findings – The study found that the process consists of six steps called knowledge learning and preliminary information searching, problem recognition, budget setting, detailed information searching and solution creating, purchase involvement, and use and post‐purchase. The process is distinct from the process of traditional models of consumer decision mainly from three aspects: the process starting from "knowledge learning and information searching", not from "problem recognition", while "problem recognition" is the second step; information searched in the process mainly on components of products, with little on products; and the process includes a step "solution creating", but without st...


Objective:To investigate changes in T helper cell subsets (T H1 /T H2 ) ratio in blood and its potential role in the pathogenesis of asthma.Methods:Venous blood was collected and monouclear cells were isolated by gradient centrifugation.Intracellular immunostaining assay was used to determine the cell expression of interferonγ(IFNγ,T H1 ) and interleukin4(IL4,T H2 ), and then T H1 /T H2 ratio was calculated.Results:The T H1 /T H2 ratio of venous blood significantly decreased both in asthmatic rats (0 5±0 2 vs. 2 7±1 7) and asthmatic patients (0 4±0 3 vs. 2 5±0 8),compared with those in controls (both P 0 01).Conclusions:The imbalance of T H1 /T H2 might play an important role in the development of asthma.


Laminated composite with multi-layer interfaces has better electromagnetic interference shielding performance, which has attracted great attention. In this work, magnesium matrix laminated structure materials were prepared through Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB). Microstructure, electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of ME21/Mg laminated materials were investigated to understand the effect of layered structure and the change of microstructure on the electromagnetic shielding property. The results showed: the precipitated secondary phase and introduced interfaces could provide multiple reflections, attenuate the electromagnetic waves and improve the SE value. The electrical conductivity of 2-cycle increased to 21.04*106 S m−1, which was 17.74% higher than that of ME21 alloy, the intensity of texture of ME21 layer increased with the rolling passes, which contributed to the improvement of the electrical conductivity as well as the attenuation of reflection. The layered composite exhibited better shielding effectiveness compared with the ME21, in the 8.2–12.4 GHz test frequency, the SE was 98–107 dB. The shielding mechanism of layered materials was explained, which provided guiding for the efficient shielding of electromagnetic waves.


Across-sectional study was conducted from September 2010 to January 2011 in Dugda Dawadistrict of Oromia National Regional State. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, determine the species of trypanosomes and to see the hepatopathological changes, which affect bovine in and determine PCV values in parasitaemic and non-parasitaemic animals. The methods employed during the study were parasitological and hematological examination. 384 local Borena cattle breed were randomly selected from the study population and out of the total cattle, examined 53 (13.8%) cattle were positive for trypanosomes. The identified trypanosomes species were T. congolese and T. vivax. Out of 53 infected animals 29(54.7%) were infected by T. congolense and 24 (45.3%) were infected by T. vivax. Comparatively T. congolense was more prevalent than T. vivax. Prevalence of0%, 12.5% and 16.5% trypanosomiasis was recorded in age groups of 3 years respectively and those in sexes groupsit was 12.3% inmale and 14.9% in females. However, the association between the infection rate within different age and sex groups was statistically insignificant. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) values of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals were 23.79% and 25.66% and over all mean PCV value was 25.41%. Analysis of the mean PCV values of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals showed statistically significant difference (P= 0.004). The present study indicated that trypanosomiasis is important disease entity in the study area and therefore attention should be given since it usually produces grave consequences on cattle production.


In order to eliminate the formaldehyde on DP finished yarn-dyed cotton,four kinds of formaldehyde scavengers are used for post-treatment of finished fabrics.The influences of the type and dosage of formaldehyde scavengers on residual formaldehyde content,DP value and fabric strength are discussed.The results show that the process of soap boiling combined with 60 g/L of SD-306C features a good effect of formaldehyde scavenging.In addition,the formaldehyde content determined by water extraction method is stable.


The latest advances in science and technology demonstrate the need for transformation in social life, particularly in jurisprudence. Given this, the study of the impact of the transhumanist concept on modern law is an important topic for analysis. The aim of the article is to analyze the transhumanistic legal worldview through the prism of modern challenges, a worldview that most fully reflects the problems of the modern integration of technological solutions in social life. Among the methods used is comparative analysis, which traces the challenges and prospects of implementing a transhumanist understanding of the law. The dogmatic principle of treating the transformation of the new law was also applied. Of great importance was the use of content analysis of the literature. Search engines found more than 50 articles from 2013 to 2021. The screening process resulted in the selection of 20 related to transhumanist legal regulation. The results of the study examined the formation of philosophy and the main provisions of transhumanism as a scientific movement. It is established that the adherents of this doctrine consider the adoption of new laws as inevitable against the background of the improvement of mankind as a biological species (including the use of modern technologies). The manifestations of the modern vision of transhumanist society in the elements of the current legislation are also demonstrated. In conclusion, it is fixed that such new elements will need a certain legal regulation, which will be carried out within the framework of renewed systems of legal relations, where artificial intellect, cyborgs, etc. will become equal participants in social life. At the same time, through the prism of the transformation of modern technologies, the main prospects of legal regulation based on the transhumanistic concept are highlighted.


The development of a mathematical model of an electromechanical system, taking account of elastic elements, is considered, as well as the synthesis of optimal regulators and optimal observers and limitation of the alternating states of the system. Simulation results are presented for the transient processes in the primary electric drive of a blooming mill.


A mathematical model that can describe the non phase behavior transformation ASP flooding enhanced recovery process mechanism is constructed in order to improve the simulation capability of chemical flooding simulator UTCHEM,and this mathematical model has been incorporated in UTCHEM.A simulator which can simulate the enhanced recovery process mechanism of non phase behavior transformation ASP flooding has been successfully developed.In order to verify the mathematical model,water flooding,polymer flooding and ASP flooding numerical simulation tests have been conducted ,their simulation production performance curves are in accord with their actual production performance curves respectively;and in contrast with polymer flooding,the residual oil saturation after ASP flooding are decreased to a great extent.The simulation test results indicate that the mathematical model have the capability to simulate enhanced recovery process of non phase behavior transformation ASP flooding.


These notes, in case the title should be misleading, are not meant to 'intellectualize' jazz. Nor is their purpose to befuddle with the technique, mystique, whatever you like to call it, of jazz enthusiasts and collectors. They are merely an attempt to explain a fairly remarkable social or sociological development whereby an intelligent appreciation of jazz is now no longer regarded as a sign of eccentricity, madness or the possession of hillbilly cultural standards. For this there are quite reasonable explanations, which, however, do involve a little 'digging', shall we say, into the history of jazz, as well as a subjective and sympathetic capacity to understand what is uncovered.


Social media's influence on purchasing decisions is on the radar of a multitude of industries worldwide and the tourism industry is no exception. Social media today is become a tool for countries in the world to promote tourism in their countries. Nation branding is a method for countries to differentiate and distinguish themselves from other countries around the world through branding. This phenomenon allowing countries to compete with each other to attract tourist from all over the world. Thus, every country needs special identity and uniqueness that differ a country from another. Indonesia is one of many countries that have been started a nation branding campaign that called 'Wonderful Indonesia' in 2011. Head of Ministry of Tourism of Republic Indonesia Arief Yahya stated that, in 2020 Indonesia have targeted 20 million of foreign tourists to come to Indonesia with a projected foreign exchange earnings of 18.5 billion USD (kemenpar.go.id). This study found that Wonderful Indonesia Campaign has been communicated through digital media (Website, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube). This study describes the channels that were utilized to promote the campaign and gives inputs to optimize the technical and content used in the campaign media.


Animals match ventilation to metabolic and acid‐base regulatory demands during changes in body temperature. Across vertebrates, ventilation increases at warmer temperatures and decreases at cooler temperatures. At the organismal level this is attributed to metabolic feedback and/or alpha‐stat pH regulation; however, the cellular mechanisms that produce ventilatory output in response to brain temperature changes remain unclear. To identity mechanisms underlying temperature‐sensitivity of the respiratory control network, we used brainstem‐spinal cord preparations producing spontaneously active, rhythmic motor output similar to breathing in vivo of adult bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus. In vitro brainstem‐spinal cords were superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) equilibrated at 90% O2, 1.3% CO2, and balance N2. Whole nerve recordings from the trigeminal (V) and vagus (X) nerves were used for measuring respiratory‐related activity. We applied temperature ramps from 20°C to 15°C and then to 25°C; each step lasted 15 minutes. Bursting frequency was analyzed for the last 5 minutes of each step and then normalized to percent of baseline (20°C). Consistent with in vivo and in vitro data (Bícego‐Nahas and Branco, 1999; Morales and Hedrick, 2002), we demonstrate that the frequency of respiratory‐related nerve activity is stable across high temperatures, but not lower temperatures (One‐way ANOVA p=0.0013; percent of baseline significantly lower at 15°C compared to 20°C and compared to 25°C, but no difference between 20°C and 25°C; Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test). The locus coeruleus (LC) is a nucleus of the respiratory network and is the main supplier of norepinephrine in the brain. LC neurons from bullfrogs are paradoxically activated by decreases in temperature (Santin et al., 2013) suggesting that firing frequencies inversely proportional to temperature may play a role in setting the respiratory frequency across temperatures. To identify the role of norepinephrine in generating the respiratory frequency, we applied the temperature protocol while blocking the main adrenergic receptors (AR). For blocking α1AR, preparations were superfused with aCSF containing Prazosin and for blocking α2AR we used RX821002. We found that bursting stability at high temperatures is disrupted when α1AR are blocked (One‐way ANOVA p=0.0011; percent of baseline significantly lower at 15°C compared to 20°C and 25°C, and percent of baseline significantly lower at 20°C compared to 25°C; Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test). In contrast, the inhibition of bursting frequency at 15°C was lost when α2AR were blocked (One‐way ANOVA p=0.1649; percent of baseline not different at 15°C, 20°C and 25°C). These results imply that norepinephrine tuning through different receptors, rather than simple Q10 effects, plays a major role in generating the breathing frequency across temperatures to match metabolic demands and acid‐base regulation requirements at those temperatures.


NEPHROTOMY. The operation of cutting a stone out of the kidney " is, he Estates, "a proceeding which, perhaps, has never been actually put into practice." "There is no doubt," he adds, "that stones have often been extracted from abscesses about the region of the kidneys, after their presence has been detected with aprobe. But with regard to cutting into the kidney, the deep situation of this viscus, and the want of symptoms by which the lodgment of a stone in it can be certainly dis-covered, will always be strongobjections to the practice."


Objective Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN)and IgA nephropathy are very similar in immunopathological changes,and therefore some nephrologists considered that they are substantially one disease entity caused by IgA immune abnormalities,and IgA nephropathy is,in fact,a kind of HSPN without rashes.The present study aimed to characterize their relationship through clinicopathological comparison between IgA nephropathy and HSPN. Methods Two hundred and ten patients with IgA nephropathy and 67 patients with HSPN were enrolled in this study.Their clinical manifestations,blood biochemical test,serum immunology and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Results The clinical patterns of IgA nephropathy and HSPN were similar,but extra-renal manifestations were seen more often in HSPN,all of them had skin purpura,59% had gastrointestinal symptoms and 47% suffered from arthralgia.While the abdominal pain occurred only in 3.2% patients with IgA nephropathy.The renal pathological investigation showed global sclerosis in 46.2% of IgA nephropathy and 4.5% of HSPN,mesangial sclerosis in 40% of IgA nephropathy and 7.5% of HSPN,but endothelial proliferation in 56.7% of HSPN and 12.9% of IgA nephropathy.The differences were extremely significant(P0.01).The electronic dense deposits in HSPN were sparse,loose and widely spread in glomerular mesangium,subendothelial area and even intrabasement membrane.While the deposits were dense,lumpy and mostly limited in mesangium and paramesangium in IgA nephropathy.IgG was found in glomerular immune deposits in 62.7% of HSPN,but only 8.1% of IgA nephropathy.No IgG deposit was observed in 91.9% of IgA nephrothy,among them most showed IgA and IgM and/or C3 deposit.The follow up date of average 24 months showed complete remission in 62.7% of HSPN and 18.6% in IgA nephropathy after 20 months follows-up.Moreover 48.6% of IgA nephropathy had consistent hematuria and proteinuria,23.3% had active nephritides,the difference was significant(P0.05). Conclusions Significant clinicopathological differences were found between HSPN and IgA nephropathy,which does not support the one disease entity hypothesis.HSPN and IgA nephropathy are probably two diseases with similar immune abnormalities.


Objective To investigate the effects of Rubrus Suarissimus S.Lee dental care buccal tablets(RSL)on adhesion and acidogenicity of Streptococcus mutans and explore its anticariogenic activities.Methods The RSL was lapped into powder and diluted into five groups of different concentration by two-fold dilution,its inhibitory effects on adhesion and acidogenicity of Streptococcus mutans were detected.1% sucrose tryptone-tryptose-yeast(TTY)medium was used as control.After Streptococcus mutans incubated under aerobic fermentation circumstances for 48 hours,the optical density were detected by spectrophotometer and △pH with pH meter.Results Different concentrations of Rubrus Suarissimus S.Lee dental care buccal tablets had different effects on the optical density of adhesive capacity.The optical density increased significantly with the concentrations of Rubrus Suarissimus S.Lee dental care buccal tablets.The RSL could inhibit the adherence of Streptococcus mutans significantly and induce the acidogenicity of Streptococcus mutans.Conclusion The RSL could influence the metabolism of Streptococcus mutans and could be further researched as a dental care product.


The absorptivities of carefully purified water have been measured at 1 nm intervals in the wavelength range 196 to 320 nm. The measured absorptivities fell monotonically from a value of (1.26±0.03) m−1 at 196 nm, to a value of (0.0100±0.0006) m−1 at 320 nm. The water was purified by ion–exchange, followed by four subsequent distillations, the first being carried out under mild oxidizing conditions, and the last being performed in all‐silica apparatus, the water vapor being heated to a temperature of 870 K in the presence of oxygen to remove residual organic impurities. The absorptivities were measured using a differential pathlength method and a correction for the effect of double reflections in the absorption cells was derived and applied to the data. The measured absorptivities were much lower than all previously reported values in the 200–300 nm region, but gave considerably better agreement with theory and aligned well with the edge of a set of recent vacuum UV measurements on high purity water. It ap...


In the period of the Republic of China,civil organizations played an irreplaceable role in the early period of modernization.Yunnan Custom Reform Association representing the public opinion had the following functions: it encouraged people to abandon bad customs and create good ones in all fields;it gathered all social forces to build up a new society;it took advantage of its merits to exert some positive influence on the government policies.


This paper presents a comparison between two digital control methods for a boost power factor correction (PFC) converter based on the dynamic response at load changes and levels for the harmonic currents injected back on to the network. The power topology used is a bridgeless boost converter due to its high efficiency and low electromagnetic interferences (EMI) levels. The algorithms compared are average current mode control and one cycle control. A procedure to develop the digital control methods using software blocks is proposed starting from the standard analog controllers for PFC regulators.


Integrins are a large family of transmembrane heterodimeric receptors that, once bound to extracellular matrix proteins, regulate a variety of cellular processes. As a consequence of their role in important physiological phenomena, integrin defects have been implicated in many common diseases. Hence, it is not surprising that some integrins have become attractive targets for pharmacological intervention in a number of pathological conditions. The observation that aVb3, aVb5 and a5b1 integrin subtypes are essential for tumor angiogenesis and can be successfully inhibited by small-molecule ligands has turned them into the focus of cancer research. Across their extracellular a/b subunit interface containing the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS), integrins recognize and bind protein ligands through contiguous tripeptide sequences, the majority of which are present within flexible loop regions and contain an acidic residue. Several integrins, including a5b1 and aV integrins, recognize ArgGly-Asp (RGD) sequences in endogenous ligands. The context of the ligand RGD sequence (flanking residues, three dimensional presentation) and individual features of the integrin binding pockets determine the recognition specificity and efficacy. A major breakthrough for understanding this interaction at a molecular level came in 2002 when the Xray structure of the complex of integrin aVb3 with cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-N(Me)-Val] (Cilengitide) was revealed. This potent aVb3 ligand was developed by Kessler and co-workers (Figure 1), and is currently in phase III clinical trials as an angiogenesis inhibitor for patients with glioblastoma multiforme. The high activity and selectivity of this derivative has been attributed to an extended conforAbstract: The synthesis of eight bifunctional diketopiperazine (DKP) scaffolds is described; these were formally derived from 2,3-diaminopropionic acid and aspartic acid (DKP-1–DKP-7) or glutamic acid (DKP-8) and feature an amine and a carboxylic acid functional group. The scaffolds differ in the configuration at the two stereocenters and the substitution at the diketopiperazinic nitrogen atoms. The bifunctional diketopiperazines were introduced into eight cyclic peptidomimetics containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence. The resulting RGD peptidomimetics were screened for their ability to inhibit biotinylated vitronectin binding to the purified integrins avb3 and avb5, which are involved in tumor angiogenesis. Nanomolar IC50 values were obtained for the RGD peptidomimetics derived from trans DKP scaffolds (DKP-2–DKP-8). Conformational studies of the cyclic RGD peptidomimetics by H NMR spectroscopy experiments (VT-NMR and NOESY spectroscopy) in aqueous solution and Monte Carlo/Stochastic Dynamics (MC/SD) simulations revealed that the highest affinity ligands display well-defined preferred conformations featuring intramolecular hydrogen-bonded turn motifs and an extended arrangement of the RGD sequence [Cb ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(Arg) CbACHTUNGTRENNUNG(Asp) average distance 8.8 ]. Docking studies were performed, starting from the representative conformations obtained from the MC/SD simulations and taking as a reference model the crystal structure of the extracellular segment of integrin avb3 complexed with the cyclic pentapeptide, Cilengitide. The highest affinity ligands produced top-ranked poses conserving all the important interactions of the X-ray complex.


Image registration is a challenging task, with applications in surveillance, motion estimation, and fusion systems. Due to the diversity of sensors, local distortions and large image size, satellite images are often difficult to accurately register. In the literature, local descriptor-based processing techniques, such as scale-invariant feature transforms (SIAdaptive Block ProcessingFTs), have been applied to register satellite images, which provide robust features. However, these techniques suffer from a high-computational cost, lack of features, and low-distribution quality, which affect the registration accuracy. In this paper, we develop an algorithm to register satellite images based on adaptive block processing to increase the number of features and to improve the distribution quality. In addition, outlier removal using statistical masks are associated with classical random sample consensus (RANSAC); a subsequent comparative analysis demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed method. Typically, a classical SIFT prevents its wide application in recent remote sensing, although this is no longer the case with the proposed adaptive block processing method.


The scientific evidence shows the importance of promoting health for eating, sexuality, tobacco and alcohol use among teenagers. There is no evidence to assess its impact. Aim: identify instruments to measure the impact of interventions to promote healthy diet, sexuality, tobacco and alcohol use among teenagers. Method: Scoping review based on Participants, Concept, Context, from Joanna Briggs Institute method. Results: The studies were selected following the PRISMA, and the data was extracted. Six primary studies were included; five were quantitative in design; the other was of mixed design. Instruments were identified that would make it partially possible to assess the impact of interventions of healthy eating and tobacco and alcohol use. The topic of sexuality did not arise. Conclusion: Some variables emerged from the instruments identified, that were relevant in building an instrument to assess the impact of interventions to promote healthy diet, sexuality, tobacco and alcohol use among teenagers.


The invention discloses a 3,4-perylene dicarboxylate ester compound, and a synthetic method and applications thereof. The structure of the 3,4-perylene dicarboxylate ester compound is represented by formula I, wherein R is used for representing hydrocarbon alkyl with 6 or fewer carbon atoms. The 3,4-perylene dicarboxylate ester compound possesses excellent fluorescence groups, and the benzene rings possess more reaction sites capable of realizing reaction with other substances. The synthetic method comprises following steps: a perylene-3,4-anhydride-9,10-perylene dicarboxylate compound is dissolved in quinoline; Cu2O is added; and the 3,4-perylene dicarboxylate ester compound is obtained via reflux reaction under oxygen-free conditions. The synthetic method is simple, is high in yield, and is suitable for industrialized production.


BACKGROUND
The foreign body reaction caused by implanted biomaterials is not fully characterized. To evaluate the effect of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) surface on the binding of monoclonal antibodies against the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) by adherent endothelial cells, an in vitro bioassay was developed.

STUDY DESIGN
Human saphenous vein endothelial cells (HSVEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were grown to confluency on fibronectin-pretreated ePTFE and on fibronectin-pretreated polystyrene culture flasks used as controls. Cells were assayed for size, density, viability, and binding of anti-ICAM-1 antibodies. Human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were then cocultured with HUVEC adherent to ePTFE and control polystyrene and HUVEC were assayed for the binding of anti-ICAM-1 antibodies.

RESULTS
The adherence of HSVEC and HUVEC to ePTFE resulted in a twofold increase in the binding of monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1 compared with controls at 48 hours (p < 0.005). The addition of PBLs to the adherent HUVEC resulted in a four- to eightfold increase in anti-ICAM-1 antibody binding on ePTFE and polystyrene, respectively, at 24 hours.

CONCLUSIONS
Adherence of endothelial cells to ePTFE results in an increase in the binding of anti-ICAM-1 antibodies. Coculture of adherent HUVEC and PBLs results in a marked increase in the number of cells binding ICAM-1 antibodies. These data support the conclusion that ePTFE is associated with the activation of adherent cells, which is one aspect of a multicellular inflammatory response.


The invention provides a portable kitchen waste treatment system. According to the portable kitchen waste treatment system, one end of a container is provided with a charge opening; a screening table is connected with the charge opening; a residue removal unit comprises a crushing-extruding dehydrator, a three-phase separator, a biochemical treater and a pressing granulator, through a crushing-extruding dehydration treatment, large-grain residues are conveyed to a residue collection bucket through a spiral rod, the separated residues are conveyed to the residue collection bucket by the three-phase separator, the residues in the bucket are poured in the biochemical treater by the residue collection bucket, and the residues are stirred by a stirring shaft and fermented, and then conveyed out to the pressing granulator; a sewage treatment unit comprises a plurality of water collectors and a hot water collection tank, the water collectors collect rainwater and sewage output by the three-phase separator, the water outlet ends of the water collectors are communicated with the hot water collection tank internally provided with a heat source, the heat source heats water flowing in the hot water collection tank, and hot water in the hot water collection tank is conveyed to the crushing-extruding dehydrator by a circulation pump and smashed into slurry for use; a dust removal and deodorization unit is communicated with the biochemical treater, and capable of removing pollution gas and particulate matter output by the biochemical treater.


Electric lighting of buildings in the United States consumes over 20% of the nation's primary electricity and is second only in magnitude to heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. This installed lighting base is generally inefficient and is characterized by relatively low performance especially when compared to other building systems. While substantial opportunities for improving overall lighting system efficiency exist, the pathway to achievement of this goal is less clear. Lighting research and development conducted by the US Department of Energy's (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's (EERE), Building Technologies Program (BT) addresses this national issue and aggressively pursues a number of broad research areas that promise to yield significant increases in overall lighting system efficiency. Implementation of a successful program in lighting energy conservation depends upon a detailed assessment of energy consumption trends by lighting technology. The results of several years of research are presented that describe electricity consumption by market sector, application and lamp type. Following this lighting market assessment, an overview of the DOE's ongoing lighting research and development (LR&D) program portfolio linked to the market assessments is provided. Individual program contributions toward achieving ambitious lighting energy conservation goals are described. The BTS portfolio includes research in three broad areas: (1) light source and electronics, (2) fixtures, controls and distribution systems, and (3) human factors. An overview of each technical objective is provided, as well as a timeline for achieving specific energy conservation goals.


Let B(G) denotes the set of all blocks of a graph G. Two
blocks in G are adjacent if there is a common cutvertex incident on them. Two blocks b1, b2 2 B(G) are said to blockblock dominate (bb-dominate) each other if there is a common vertex incident with b1 and b2. A set L � B(G) is said to be a bb-dominating set (BBD-set) if every block in G is bb-dominated by some block in L. The bb-domination number bb = bb(G) is the order of a minimum bb-dominating
set of G. In this paper we introduce new kind of graph
energy, the minimum bb-dominating energy of the graph
denoting it as Ebb(G). It depends both on underlying graph
of G and its particular minimum bb-dominating set (
bb-set) of G. Upper and lower bounds for Ebb(G) are established


This paper approaches the environment impact mitigation measures adopted in the Cabiunas-Reduc-3 project (Gasduc-3), completed in January 2010. This high complexity project has great strategic importance to the Company and for the extension of natural gas offer in Brazil. Due to the large size of the project and its interference with environmentally sensitive areas, several programs and actions have been carried out in the influenced areas what allowed the team to conclude Gasduc-3 and, at the same time, follow through with the premise of sustainable development.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Aim: This study was aimed at using sharp sand as an adsorbent to optimize the removal of Pb ionsfrom simulated water and water obtained from Enyigba River.
Study Design: Adsorption experiment was designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was also used to predict % Pb(II)removal.
Place and Duration of Study: Department Of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, June 2012 to June 2023.
Methodology: Sharp sand was modified with salicylic acid, noted as SSM and then characterized. Experiments were carried out by varying four adsorption factors: concentration, time, pH and temperature. Adsorption experiments were also done for equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies.
Results: The modified sharp sand showed a high percentage of silicon. RSM and ANN predicted the sorption of Pb(II) well with R2 values > 0.9. The optimal values for concentration, time, pH and temperature are 0.0125mg/l, 100sec, 2, 20oC respectively. Langmuir isotherm gave the better fit and adsorption was endothermic with positive ∆H. Adsorption followed second-order kinetics. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups that were responsible for adsorption. Enyigba River water is slightly polluted with lead ions with concentrations higher than WHO standard.
Conclusion: The adsorbent was able to remove over 70% of the metal ions from both the simulated and Enyigba River water.


Technological development has brought about a series of changes, including influences on the traditional translation industry which is unable to meet the future needs due to its low efficiency and limited forms. Computer-aided translation software, shortened as CAT software, is therefore developed. Featuring powerful memory and fast computing speed of computers, CAT software allows translators to give full scope to creativity, which enhances traditional translation efficiency. In recent years, both CAT software and cloud translation software have been rapidly developed. The latter is built based on cloud computing technology, and is emerging one after another. This article, taking such CAT software as SDL Trados and such cloud translation platform as Tmxmall as examples, studies similarities and differences between the two different kinds of tools in terms of operation interface, translation project management and corpus management. By analyzing features of the two tools, this article seeks to provide references for translators and software engineers.


This article is a response to Gottheil's criticism of an earlier article by the author, in which it was suggested that most criminal justice programs have not been effectively evaluated. This problem was discussed in the context of a pretrial diversion program in Illinois. Gottheil offered several criticisms of the author's assessment of reasons for a nonexperimental attitude on the part of program personnel, and also criticized the author's suggestions for a research methodology for future evaluations. In this article, the author responds to these criticisms and, in particular, points to some of the problems that might arise when policy implications are drawn from methodologically unsound evaluations.


The problem is the misuse of information and communication technologies (ICT) by children at "Eugenio Espejo school", which it is not a recent social problem, and it does not only affect children`s physical health; but it can cause alteration of behavior, social isolation and development of disorders which can affect the family relationship, school performance and the development of their daily activities. The current work is based on an exploratory-descriptive research, doing it is necessary to carry out the documentary analysis about how students, use the ICT; the analysis provides information and general knowledge, the theme is strengthen relevant characteristics, are stood out to establish the conclusions. The main objective of the project is to develop a training program aimed to parents and students about the appropriate use of ICT. Through the applied surveys, it was observed that children misuse information technologies and neglect to do school tasks. The experts assessment was use find to ensure the necessary changes for its application in practice and confirm that this program is appropriate.


Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests early in childhood. While genetic variants increase risk for ASD, a growing body of literature has established that in utero chemical exposures also contribute to ASD risk. These chemicals include air-based pollutants like diesel particulate matter (DPM). A combination of single-cell and direct transcriptomics of DPM-exposed human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids revealed toxicogenomic effects of DPM exposure during fetal brain development. Direct transcriptomics, sequencing RNA bases via Nanopore, revealed that cerebral organoids contain extensive RNA modifications, with DPM-altering cytosine methylation in oxidative mitochondrial transcripts expressed in outer radial glia cells. Single-cell transcriptomics further confirmed an oxidative phosphorylation change in cell groups such as outer radial glia upon DPM exposure. This approach highlights how DPM exposure perturbs normal mitochondrial function and cellular respiration during early brain development, which may contribute to developmental disorders like ASD by altering neurodevelopment.


This paper gives an overview of ACM Multimedia 2010 Workshop on Surreal Media and Virtual Cloning, including research work towards the creation of surreal media and realistic 3D virtual environments where virtual humans and objects can interact remotely. The primary objective is to discuss key research issues related to the generation of surreal media and 3D cooperative virtual worlds. We expect that the one-day program will bring together research groups from related fields and explore research problems, potential applications and collaborative opportunities.


A high speed traversing/positioning mechanism using two electro-rheological clutches is described. The traversing mechanism can be used to wind filaments onto bobbins. The traverse speed is 5 m/s, the required turn round period is 10 milli-seconds, the traverse length is 250 mm and the turn round position must be controllable and repeatable within +/- 1 mm. These combined criteria of high speed and controllability makes the use of electro-rheological fluids an attractive proposition. Simulations produced using a dynamic model are compared with experimental results and these validate the simulation techniques. The effect on the performance of various fundamental electro-rheological fluid characteristics, namely electro-rheological shear stress, electron-hydraulic time delays and zero volts viscosity are considered together with the design of the mechanism. This illustrates the need for optimization of such mechanisms to meet the varied and difficult design requirements found in high speed controllable devices. Some practical difficulties in achieving a reliable mechanism are also discussed.


"Globalisation is the Yeti of … newspapers. Everybody knows it, but nobody has ever seen it. What does it look like? Tall, monkeyish, hairy? Or rather weasel-like? With glasses? Like a ferret or a marten?" Globalization means different things to different people, a laudable development uniting humankind or an epidemic crushing the vulnerable peoples of the earth. Whether it is something we can control remains to be seen, but it is certainly upon us. The move to "go global" is such a strong force that hardly any human activity is exempt. We have global treaties, global media, global celebrities, global bookstores, and even a global antiglobalization movement! We thank the Centre for the Study of Global Ethics, University of Birmingham, UK, for inviting one of us (DS) to present this paper at their research seminar. The subsequent discussions were most helpful. Also, thanks to Dr. Armin Schmidt for comments on an earlier draft and to Tomi Kushner for inviting us to write this paper.


A theory for the stability of a viscoelastic film flowing along an inclined wall which is considered the odd viscosity effect is investigated. Using the lubrication theory, a new liquid-gas interface evolution equation involving odd viscosity effect is derived. Linear stability analysis shows that the larger odd viscosity leads to the higher critical Reynolds number. While the higher viscoelastic parameter makes the critical Reynolds number lower. The weakly nonlinear study reveals that in the limited amplitude range, the supercritical stable region and the explosion region will decrease with the increase of the odd viscosity. Conversely, the unconditional stable region and the subcritical unstable region increase. Interestingly, the threshold of the supercritical stable region decreases with the increase of the odd viscosity. Therefore, by analysing the linear and non-linear stability of the evolution equation, we find that the odd viscosity stabilizes the flow, while the viscoelastic property destabilizes the flow.


Considering mean-variance portfolio problems with uncertain model parameters, we contrast the classical absolute robust optimization approach with the relative robust approach based on a maximum regret function. Although the latter problems are NP-hard in general, we show that tractable inner and outer approximations exist in several cases that are of central interest in asset management.


This paper describes the possibility of continuously measuring and storing signals from dynamic processes in an engine, such as cylinder pressure, injection needle lift and injection line pressure of one or more cylinders, as well as engine speed, torque or load. In addition, as the measurement is made, the values of IMEP of all the cylinder pressure signals, peak values, the maximum rate of pressure rise or also the knock-factor of the intake mixture are determined. These values can be displayed in graphic form immediately after the measurement has been made and this permits a quick judgement of the results before the enormous amount of data from all the single measurements (millions) is transferred to a higher order system for further analysis. In addition, however, the efficient data reduction accomplished by the built-in real-time IMEP board makes it possible that only the reduced data of a full test, or the complete data from selected cycles, are transferred for later reference.


We consider the micro-canonical ensemble of classical Hamiltonian mechanics from a geometric and dynamical point of view. We show how various thermodynamic quantities may be calculated within the micro-canonical ensemble itself, without making explicit, reference to the canonical ensemble. We rederive formulas by Lebowitz et al (5) and Pearson et al (6), relating e.g. specific heat to fluctuations in the kinetic energy.


Garlic (Allium sativum) is a bulbous plant is used medicinally with a history of human use over 5000 years. Garlic contains more than 200 chemical compounds like active compounds (allicin, alliin, ajoene) enzyme (allinase, peroxidase and myosinase) carbohydrate (sucrose and glucose) and many essential amino acids and vitamin A, B, C etc. with many trace elements. Metabolic syndrome consists of a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that confer increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Diabetes Mellitus. The major features of the Metabolic Syndrome includes: Central obesity, hyper triglyceridemia, Low HDL cholesterol, Hyperglycemia and Hypertension. The Aim of this study to investigating the effect of this garlic extract on the risk factors in metabolic syndrome patients along with conventional treatment. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group I patients were given conventional treatment only and serve as the control group. Group II patients besides conventional treatment were given Garlic Capsule (250 mg extract of garlic). In results the present study observed that lipid profile &blood sugar improved significantly in study group after garlic therapy for 3 months. The conclusion in this study is Garlic (Allium sativum) therapy had good glycemic control, both FBS and HbA1c improved significantly in study group. This therapy also improved lipid profile significantly. Such studies should be further encouraged as medicinal herbs constitute the cornerstone of traditional medicinal practice worldwide.


Using a general theory for evolution inclusions, existence and uniqueness theorems are obtained for weak solutions to a frictional dynamic contact problem for elastic visco-plastic material. An existence theorem in the case where the friction coecient is discontinuous is also presented.


GaN is the representative for the new development of the 3rd generation of the semiconductor material and devices, which are the core and base of the semiconductor industry. It promotes the progress of the information industry, meanwhile, there is a great possibility to improve the technology status of the illumination light source for the human. In this paper, the origins and the development of the GaN solid state light source are reviewed and prospected, and some sorts of chips for visible light power LED and their packing features are given. Finally it points out that the incandescent lamp can be replaced by the GaN solid state light source within 50 years in the future.


A randomized, controlled clinical study of gait retraining with and without electrical stimulation of flexor reflex afferents synchronized with the gait cycle was conducted in severely affected hemiparetic patients after acute stroke (n = 38). After 4 weeks of gait therapy there were significant and long lasting improvements of walking speed in the group receiving afferent functional electrical stimulation (FES group) compared to the control group. Also, gait symmetry had improved more in the FES group than in the control group. Also, more patients in the FES group achieved independent and functional walking than in the control group. It can be concluded that electrical stimulation of flexor reflex afferents during gait retraining improves the rehabilitation of gait in non ambulatory hemiparetic patients after acute stroke and that this new kind of therapy may be an alternative to treadmill training or mechanical gait trainers .


Pverty has plagued rural people, especially racial and ethnic minorities, and has troubled both politicians and social-action-oriented social scientists. To combat this poverty two basic strategies have been devised to better the lot of the poor. The first strategy consists of transferring payments to the poor. The second strategy is concerned with personal reform which emphasizes the necessity to alter the personal characteristics of the poor, usually through efforts to train them and draw them into the "mainstream" occupational or educational systems. A relatively modern variation of this rehabilitation strategy is represented by relocation programs. These programs relocate poverty families (or individuals) from areas associated with low levels of employment opportunities and "cultural deprivation" to


Land application is an important way for treatment of municipal sewage sludge both in China and in the world. Therefore, the contents of organic matter and nutrients in sewage sludges and their effect on promotion of plant growth have been highlighted when they are recycled in lands. There have been some systematic summaries for land application of sewage sludges in developed countries while those have not been reviewed in China though there are some specific research related to their contents of organic matter and major nutrients. Related documents about land application of sewage sludges are summarized in the paper, which focuses on the organic matter and nutrients in sewage sludges and their effects on land application. It shows from the statistical analysis of the contents of organic matter and nutrients in China's municipal sewage sludges from 29 wastewater plants that the average contents of organic matter, total N, total P and total K are 385, 27, 14 3 and 7g/kg, respectively, which are 1/3~2/3 higher than their responding contents in pig manure, respectively. It is found that the average contents of organic matter in the sewage sludges have being increased recently in China. Many supported that the sewage sludges can be applied to agriculture, forestry and horticulture because they benefit soil fertility and plant growth. It is also indicated that the contents of heavy metals have being decreased, since the last two decades. which is beneficial for land application of sewage sludges, However, the studies on harmfulness of organic pollutants and pathogens resulting from land application of sewage sludges are still limited and long term effects of their land application are needed to be understood through long term experiments in China.


The salt tolerance of two salt-tolerant (C90-1191 and P5/80) and two salt-sensitive (C90-1115 and 77-321) lines of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) (selected on the basis of their performance in germinating ability and seedling growth in a screening experiment) was assessed at the adult stage under glasshouse conditions to evaluate the consistency of salt tolerance at different growth stages of plant life cycle. No difference in response of all four lines differing in salt tolerance was found to varying concentrations of NaCI in the growth medium, although the latter two lines were slightly better than the former two in shoot dry mass, seed yield or yield components. The relatively good growth of the lines C90-1115 and 77-321 at the adult stage can be related to their lower accumulation of Na, Cl and Ca in their leaves. K/Na ratios, Ca/Na ratios, K versus Na selectivity, and Ca versus Na selectivity did not prove to be successful criteria in discriminating the lines differing in degree of salt tolerance. In conclusion, salt tolerance in B. carinata varies with the change in stage of its life cycle. Thus selection based at one particular stage may not produce individuals tolerant at all growth stages.


Reducing, recycling and reuse is becoming a world renowned proverb nowadays. The waste from construction industry is increasing day by day. Two major kinds of waste produced from construction industry are concrete waste and brick waste. The concrete waste produced from different buildings will have different strengths. The purpose of this study is to look into the reuse of concrete waste collected from various buildings in the production of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). RAC 30 is produced by replacing the natural aggregates with recycled aggregates (RA) derived from granite aggregate concretes GAC30 (RA30), GAC35 (RA35) and GAC40 (RA40) grades of parent concrete. In order to produce sustainable concrete, pozzolanic materials such as fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) are used in conjunction with cement at a rate of 20% and 10% respectively, in addition to cement. The influence of strength of different grades of parent concrete (GAC) on production of RAC of grade 30 (RAC 30) is studied. The experimental results show that RA derived from parent concrete grades GAC30 (RA 30) can be substituted fully in place of normal aggregate. The use of 20% FA and 10% SF in place of cement also contributed to the enhanced compressive strength, leading to sustainable concrete in field of architectural construction.


The existing electronic commerce protocols based on credit overdraft have two disadvantages:No satisfying atomicity and customers' vicious overdraft.An optimistic fair E-commerce protocol with electronic wallet is proposed.By applying the cross validation ofencryptionalgorithmofRSA,the atomicity ofelectronic commerce protocol can be reaUy achieved.Towards the E-commerce protocol based on improved DSA signature algorithm,the condition of customers' vicious overdraft is analyzed.The electronic wallet acts as se- curity control terminal,which can effectively avoid customers' vicious overdraft by limiting the amount of E-cash of customers.The whole process of the protocol is elaborated.The atomicity and security of the protocol is validated informally.


Abstract The applicability of combinatorial methods in developing advanced materials is illustrated presenting four examples for the deposition and characterization of one- and two-dimensionally laterally graded coatings, which were deposited by means of (reactive) magnetron sputtering and plasma- enhanced chemical vapor deposition. To emphasize the advantages of combinatorial approaches, metastable hard coatings like (Ti,Al)N and (Ti,Al,Hf)N respectively, as well as Ge–Sb–Te based films for rewritable optical data storage were investigated with respect to the relations between structure, composition, and the desired materials properties.


The paper reported the adsorption capacity of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions with three agricultural waste by five awns (PE), corn stalks (CM), peanut shells (HS) and prepared the adsorbent by carbonization at 550°C. A series of adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effect of Cr(VI) concentration, contact time. The results indicated that peanut shells (HS) have a higher removal rate than the other two materials. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models are used to describe the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherm of Langmuir well explained the balance mechanism and the research showed that adsorption conformed to the pse-second kinetic model.


NASA decides that the best course to take to develop the Apollo space suit is to choose Hamilton Standard as the prime suit contractor and make ILC the supplier of the suit to Hamilton Standard. This did not sit well with the ILC team who was instrumental in the suit development and considered themselves the prime contractor for the suit.


Drinking water that is manifestly bad does not make everyone that uses it sick. Even when the mains and reservoirs of a public water-system have been infected by such a poison as that of typhoid it is only exceptionally and for limited periods that as many as one per cent. of those using the water contract the disease. An outbreak of 2,00ooo cases in a population of 2oo00,000ooo is ordinarily regarded as a severe epidemic, and yet this is at the rate of only one person in a hundred. It is this immunity on the part of the great mass of the people that permits infected systems of water-supply to continue in operation. If there were no resisting power on the part of the individual, all would die on the slightest exposure and the source of danger would soon be thoroughly identified and avoided. As it is, however, for every one that contracts the disease there may be as many as a hundred who escape. Thus it becomes a question of probabilities, and there is a chance for much plausible theorising and controversy. Gradually, however, as the result of increasing observation and experience, crude ideas that have prevailed are being eliminated and the truth of the matter established. Only a few years ago the most essential point in the improvement of water-supply was thought to be the determination of the chemical ingredients held in suspension or solution. Elaborate systems of analysis were devised for this purpose, and the quality of the water was judged almost entirely by its chemical reactions. Thus it became customary to consider the questions involved from a chemical point of view exclusively. The simple dilution of contained matters of a chemical nature, if carried far enough, would make them


The influence of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on the spectra of all formats was investigated by the nonlinear coupling Schrdinger equation. Compensation of PMD was analysed by the sliding frequency filter and fixed frequency filter. The results show that the PMD has a different effect on the spectrum of different format, and the influence of PMD on the dispersion managed (DM) soliton is supreme, generating most frequency components. They are all intense and significantly broadened compared to the incident frequency spectrum. The sliding frequency filter and the fixed frequency filter compensate the PMD similarly and the maximum transmission distance is doubled. The compensation of PMD for soliton is the best.


Objective To analyze the intrauterine outcome of fetal isolated mild ventriculomegaly(IMV).Methods A total 12 324 pregnant women with single fetus on routine prenatal examination were prospectively choiced.The width of posterior horn of lateral ventricle(representing the width of lateral ventricle) was measured following 20 weeks in pregnancy,and 112 fetuses were diagnosed to suffer from IMV and served as research objects.In same time,224 healthy pregnant women without IMV fetus were served as control group(P0.05.The general data in two groups were compared,and the fetal outcome in womb was observed dynamically.Results The incidence of IMV was 0.91%(112/12 324).The average age of pregnant women with IMV fetus was higher than that in control group(P0.05).The intrauterine outcome of IMV fetuses was as follows:progress was 11.3%(12/106);stability was 32.1%(34/106);reduction was 10.4%(11/106);disappearance was 46.2%(49/106).The area under the receiver operating curve(ROC) of IMV fetus outcome was 0.756,and 12 mm was cut-off value.In the followed-up 82 cases of IMV fetuses,neurobehavioral abnormality was found in 4 cases,and the incidence of neurobehavioral abnormality in fetuses with the ≥12 mm width of lateral ventricle was higher than that in fetuses with the 12 mm width of lateral ventricle(15.0% vs 1.6%,P0.05).The incidence of neurobehavioral abnormality in IMV fetuses with intrauterine progress was higher than that in IMV fetuses without intrauterine progress(20.0% vs 2.8%,P0.05).Conclusions The prognosis of most IMV fetuses is good.Should pay attention to follow up to the IMV fetuses with intrauterine progression and ≥12 mm width of lateral ventricles.


At the Lawrence Berkeley Lab's Bevalac in February, the Plastic Ball nuclear particle detector was being carefully crated for its jumbo‐jet flight to CERN—and higher heavy‐ion energies. For the past four years, this hollow, faceted ball of 814 plastic/CaF2 scintillation modules has been monitoring the fragments coming off high‐energy heavy‐ion collisions at the Bevalac, which can accelerate heavy‐ion beams to 2 GeV/nucleon. From the outside, we see mostly the cabled ends of photomultiplier tubes. The Plastic Ball, built at LBL in collaboration with the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, was the first nuclear‐physics detector capable of simultaneously identifying and measuring essentially all of the charged particles produced in a high‐energy heavy‐ion collision. Among the Plastic Ball's successes has been the first observation of "collective flow" in compressed nuclear matter.


An electrodynamic method based on azimuthally asymmetric cavities is proposed to provide selective excitation of symmetric TE waves in fundamental-harmonic gyrotrons. The presence of small azimuthal inhomogeneities in a cavity with a "close-to-circular" cross-section does not affect on excitation of the operating TE0,p mode, but increases the starting current of excitation of the parasitic TE2,p mode. This approach can ensure also mechanical adjustment of the frequency of the operating TE0,p mode.


Article Notes: Received: Jun 07, 2020 Received in revised form: Jun 23, 2020 Accepted: Jun 23, 2020 Available Online: Jul 27, 2020 Background & Aims of the Study: Currently, the advanced oxidation processes have received increasing attention for the treatment of industrial wastewater. In the present study, the photo-Fenton process was used for the remediation of the spent caustic in the wastewater of Kermanshah Oil Refining Company in Iran. The effluent comprising spent caustic is toxic dark brawn with a high level of alkalinity. Materials and Methods: Diluted wastewater covering the spent caustic from Kermanshah Oil refinery was used in this study in September 2018. In addition, the effects of operative factors, such as the initial concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ferrous ion, and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD), have been investigated. The response surface method and Box-Behnken design of experiments were employed to examine the effects of three independent variables on the response function to obtain the optimum conditions. Results: Analysis of variance was performed to determine the significance of the effects of independent variables on the response function. Various amounts of variables were optimized for the removal of COD. At optimum conditions (i.e., an H2O2 concentration of 600 mg/l, ferrous concentration of 145 mg/l, and initial COD of 300 mg/l), the removal efficiency for COD was 91.5% after 60 min of reaction. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the suggested quadratic model demonstrated good correctness. The statistical analysis showed that the model was satisfactory to predict the performance of the process. The wastewater containing spent caustic cannot proficiently be degraded by ultraviolet radiation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation separately; however, the photo-Fenton method is verified to be operative and can considerably degrade this pollutant. One of the main disadvantages of this process in the treatment of spent caustic is that the optimum pH is near 3, and a considerable amount of acid is needed to neutralize and acidify the alkalinity of spent caustic.