Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents an effective treatment for many hematological malignancies, but post-transplantation relapses remain frequent, and their biological bases poorly understood.
 Here we combined Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and RNA-Seq to compare the features of 15 cases of Acute Myeloid Leukemia before allo-HSCT and at post-transplantation relapse. Leukemic blasts were collected and purified at the two timepoints, and compared between each other and with patient and donor germline controls. Three donors were HLA-identical siblings, 7 were matched unrelated volunteers (all of which were matched to the patient for 10/10 HLA loci) and 5 were HLA-haploidentical relatives. Median time from allo-HSCT to relapse was 144 days (range 33-574).
 The average coverage for WES, consistent between all cases, was 120x for leukemia samples and 60X for germline controls.
 Analysis of copy number alterations did not reveal major genomic alteration acquired at relapse, except for one patient who gained trisomy for chr. 6 and 21.
 Also the transitions/transversions ratio remained constant between the pre-Tx and post-Tx samples.
 We detected an average of 15 somatic variants (SNV and small InDel) per leukemia sample, and the overall mutational burden increased significantly between pre- and post-Tx samples (Wilcoxon test, pvalue = 0.0088). We evidenced 4 major patterns of clonal evolution. In pattern 1 (n=3), the pre-Tx clones persisted unchanged at relapse, in pattern 2 (n=6) and 3 (n=2), subclones were gained or lost, respectively, whereas in pattern 4 (n=4) we found a mixed scenario.
 Sixty somatic variants were present only in relapsed samples, encompassing known AML driver genes, including KRAS and WT1 (de novo mutated at relapse in 2 patients). Unexpectedly, WES analysis did not detect relapse-specific mutations in genes related to immune function, and even an ad hoc developed pipeline for the analysis of somatic mutations in HLA class I and class II genes did not detect any denovo acquired sequence abnormality.
 Conversely, a linear model analysis of RNA-seq showed ~800 genes significantly deregulated in AML blasts at post-transplantation relapse. The down-regulated genes were mainly immune-related, encompassing in particular those involved in HLA class II antigen presentation. Upregulated genes comprised genes relevant to DNA replication and cell cycle control (including several component of Minichromosome Maintanance Complex). Of interest, these two processes appeared also to cluster independently in our patient series, suggesting the presence of different transcriptional mechanisms of relapse.
 Of interest, we observed HLA class II downregulation also in several cases in which donor and patient were matched for those loci. Thus, to understand whether the decreased expression of antigen presentation molecules could in these cases be driven by an increase in the levels of presented antigens, we extracted from the RNA-seq dataset information regarding known leukemia associated antigens, finding several of them upregulated at post-transplantation relapse (MPO, TERT, PRTN3)
 Moreover, we combined WES and RNA-seq data to predict the number of patient-specific neoantigens and minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAgs) presented on leukemia blast before and after allo-HSCT. In line with the low overall burden of mutations, we predicted a very low number of neoantigens per case (on average 3 per sample, ranging from 0 to 20), increasing at relapse in 5/15 patients. The number of predicted MiHAgs was sizably higher, and varied considerably in relation to donor-recipient matching (on average 481 in haploidentical HSCTs, 874 in HSCTs from HLA-identical siblings, and 1435 in unrelated donor HSCTs). However, the overall level of expression of MiHAgs did not vary between pre- and post-Tx samples
 Our results provide for the first time a detailed landscape of the many features that shape the interplay between immune system and leukemia in allo-HSCT. The resulting picture is composite, suggesting that mechanisms of relapse are highly patient-specific and combine genomic and non-genomic, immunological and non-immunological changes. For this reason we modeled our data in a comprehensive framework that we termed "relapsogram", that might help in elucidating the peculiarity of each case of relapse and in customizing the therapy.

 Stoelzel: Neovii: Speakers Bureau. Bonini:Intellia Therapeutics: Research Funding. Vago:Moderna TX: Research Funding; GENDX: Research Funding.


Facts and figures cited here show a marked upswing in the employment of youth as a result of the defense effort. The author also points out the real threat to child labor standards and other social gains which are the result of years of effort.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of leaves of Occimum sanctumin the formulation of hydrogels using different types of animal models. Materials and Methods: O. sanctum leaf ethanol extract was fractionated with methanol to give a methanol fraction. The methanol fraction (1% vw / w) was used in hydrogel formulations in various combinations of Carbopol 940 and sodium CMC. The hydrogels produced were characterized for optimal physical properties, pH, ductility, uniformity, viscosity, release profile, and irritation. Optimized hydrogels were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in animals using xylene-induced, croton oil-induced ear edema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. The effect was monitored by , which measures the suppression rate of ears , nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in mice after acute inflammation induced by croton oil. Results and discussion: Physical evaluation confirmed that the resulting hydrogel was brownish in color and had a uniform and smooth appearance when applied. The combination of F3-hydrogel formulations was found to be appropriate for all other evaluation parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability and consistency. Therefore, it was observed that the optimal composition of F3 preparation is 1.5 g of Carbopol 940 and 1% sodium CMC. The suppression rate of edema in xylene-induced ear edema in mice was found to be comparable to that of the standard treatment group (65.59%). In this study, the results show that the prepared hydrogel-OSMFH has an inhibitory effect on acute inflammation. The results show the ability of croton oil to induce the influx of neutrophils into the ear tissue of mice.


Author(s): George, Christopher Alexandre | Advisor(s): Campagnari, Claudio F | Abstract: An inclusive search for new physics is performed with a 13 TeV dataset from the CMS detector (May-November 2015, corresponding to 2.32/fb) using events with at least two leptons with the same electrical charge, missing transverse energy, and significant hadronic activity. No significant excesses are reported above the Standard Model background predictions. Constraints are set on a number of new physics models. As motivation, a thorough pedagogical review of the Standard Model and its shortcomings is presented in the first two chapters.


We report on the structural characterization of CdTe/MnTe short‐period superlattices. The critical thickness of MnTe on CdTe layers was determined by reflection high‐energy electron diffraction experiments. Detailed high‐resolution x‐ray diffraction measurements and the computer simulation of the measured spectra enabled the determination of the zinc blende MnTe elastic properties in the superlattices. The knowledge of these properties allowed the growth of strain balanced CdTe/MnTe superlattices pseudomorphic to a Cd0.96Zn0.04Te buffer. The superlattices exhibited x‐ray linewidths of about 100 arcsec.


In recent years a number of algorithms have been designed for the "inverse" computational problems of polynomial algebra—factoring polynomials, solving systems of polynomial equations, or systems of polynomial inequalities, and related problems—with running time considerably less than that of the algorithms which were previously known. (For the computational complexity of the "direct" problems such as polynomial multiplication or determination of g.c.d.'s see [1, 16] and also [9].) It should be remarked that as a result a hierarchical relationship between the computational problems of polynomial algebra, from the point of view of computational complexity, has been elucidated. The successful design of these algorithms depended to a large degree on developing them in the correct order: first the algorithms for the problems which are easier in the sense of this hierarchy were designed, which were then applied as subroutines in the solutions of more difficult problems. So far problems of the type discussed here have been considered easier only when they are special cases of the more difficult ones; e.g., the solution of a system of polynomial equations is considered as a particular case of quantifier elimination. A powerful impetus for this development came initially from the development of polynomial-time algorithms for factoring polynomials. On the other hand, a major role has been played by a new insight from the computational point of view: treating the solution of systems of polynomial equations in the framework of the determination of the irreducible components of an algebraic variety. This has made it possible to apply the polynomial factorization algorithm to this problem. In addition a successful reduction of the problem of solving systems of polynomial inequalities to the "nonspecial" case of this problem was achieved by means of an explicit use of infinitesimals in the calculations, and the "nonspecial" case was in turn reduced to the solution of a suitable system of polynomial equations. Finally, for the design of decision procedures for the first order theories of algebraically closed or real closed fields, appropriate solvability criteria for the corresponding systems with variable coefficients were produced which are "uniform" in the set of auxiliary parameters.


Objective
To explore the clinical value of gastric bare area (GBA) for the prognosis of gastric fundus and cardia carcinoma.

Methods
The data of 82 patients with gastric fundus and cardia carcinoma from January 2010 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into group A (49 cases) with cancer cell invasion in GBA and group B (33 cases) without invasion in GBA. All the patients underwent D2 gastrectomy plus surgical resection of GBA and were treated by 6 cycles of postoperative FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy scheme. Postoperative follow-up and survival analysis were carried out for patients in both groups.

Results
According to survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method), the postoperative 1-, 2- and 3-year cumulative survival rates of the patients in group A were 91.8 %, 57.3 % and 29.0 %, respectively, while those of the patients in group B were 93.9 %, 75.0 % and 48.2 %, respectively. The median survival times of the patients in group A and group B were 27.0 months and 36.0 months, respectively, which was demonstrated existing statistical significance(χ2 = 4.972, P= 0.026).

Conclusions
The prognosis of gastric fundus and cardia carcinoma patients with invasion in GBA by cancer cells is poor. Surgical resection of GBA may help to improve the prognosis of the patients with gastric fundus and cardia carcinoma.

Key words:
Stomach neoplasms; Gastric bare area; Survival analysis


The technology of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was growth rapidly and expanding widely. The ability of detecting passive label within certain range of distance, basically upgrading the system in term of cost efficient and also low power consumption, thus give a benefits to various type of sectors, such as healthy sector, robotic as well as security sector. The good on antenna design is needed for RFID purposes in order to provide maximum abilities and capabilities of the system. Normally, antenna on this kind of application has to radiate at all direction. This is because to ensure that the label can be read at any location and direction. Therefore, the dipole antenna is proposed because its suit the criteria above and also easy to design[1,2]. Nowadays, there is an increasing demand on the small size of label. The geometrical Koch fractal technique was one the method that can be used to reduce the size of the antenna, on the same time does not affect much on the other type of performance. Fractal were first defined by Benoit Mendelbort in 1975 as a way of mathematically define structures whose dimension cannot be limited to whole numbers. Fractal antennas have shown the possibility to miniaturize antennas and to improve input matching [3]. Certain classes of fractal antennas can be configured to operate effectively at various frequency bands (multiband). Usually, the antenna can only operate one particular frequency. By designing multiple numbers of dipole arms at one surface, it can produce multiple number of operating frequency. This kind of technology of radio communication have grown rapidly and expanding widely in terms of RF circuit fabrication improvement and other miniaturization technologies which make portable radio equipment become smaller, cheaper and reliable. These trends will continue, indeed at greater pace over the next decade. In Ultra-High Frequency (UHF), it provides guarantee of longer distance communication, but have the disadvantage of much influenced and affected by material properties (effects of metal and lossy materials) as well as the presence of objects in the near field zone of the tag itself [2]. Hence, the challenging of the antenna design is a platform for UHF-Tag, which at the same time cost-effective and small sized. Small tag suffers higher demand nowadays. Short reading distances and the fact cost per tag is too high are the major reasons that passive RFID systems have not made their breakthrough yet [4]. One key to greater reading distances is the improvement of the antenna on the tags. Since a passive tag does not have its own power supply, it is important that the tag can absorb as much energy as it can from the radiated reader antenna. As a solution to minimize the antenna size while keeping high radiation efficiency is by implementing the fractal to the antenna. In designing a small antenna, effective length has to be large because the resonant frequency would be lower [5,6].


We introduce a new approach to photodetection, based on absorbers (atoms, molecules, or dopant donors in semiconductors) that are kept in a steady superposition of two bound states having different spatial symmetries (e.g., s and p0). We consider the illumination of such absorbers by a superposition of two fields that are mutually orthogonal by virtue of polarization or frequency, and measurements of the resulting photocurrent along the direction of polarization of one of the fields. In contrast to conventional photon counters, the directional photocurrent generated in the considered scheme measures only the phase-sensitive cross products of the mutually orthogonal field amplitudes, without responding to the photon flux of each mode separately. If the light is a superposition of a one- or two-mode squeezed vacuum field and a nearly coherent (local-oscillator) field orthogonal to the former, then cross correlations between two such photocurrents yield the autocorrelation function of the squeezed-field quadrature without terms related to the noise of the local oscillator (although shot noise still affects the degree of accuracy to which the autocorrelation is measured).


Background: Infertility is a major medico-social issue now a days. The absence of conception after a year of sexual activity without the use of contraception is known as infertility. Every sixth couple has infertility at some point in their relationship.80 million people worldwide experience pregnancy failure, according to reports from the World Health Organization. About After a year, 15% of couples are still unable to conceive. The prevalence of male infertility is 7%. Idiopathic male infertility occurs when aberrant semen parameters are found because of unknown causes. Oligozoospermia is a condition when a man's sperm count in his semen is below 15 million/ml. In classics, the situations described under Kheena Shukra -vitiation of Shukra Dhatu by Vata and Pitta Dosha. Aims: To review Ayurvedic aspect of Ksheena Shukra and male infertility with details management. Materials and methods: Relevant Ayurveda and modern literature available information on web sources searched to fulfill the Aim. Discussion: The majority of patients use assisted reproductive technologies or intrauterine insemination to become fertile. Unfortunately, success rates are minimal in situations where the sperm count is extremely low. It's time to investigate reproductive aids derived from herbal, herbo-mineral formulations with regard to healthy lifestyle and diet management. Conclusion: Current article reviles the details management and scope of Ayurveda in the field of andrology.


Functional protein microarray is a crucial tool in the study of proteins in native, unbiased, and high-throughput manner. There is a wide variety of applications, including the study of proteome-wide molecular interactions, analysis of post-translational modifications, identification of novel drug targets, and examination of pathogen-host interactions. Functional protein microarray is also useful in profiling antibody specificity, as well as in the discovery of novel biomarkers, especially for autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. Recently, the virion display method has been applied to produce functional GPCR array for various research and pharmaceutical applications. Graphical Abstract Highlights Summarize the development of functional protein microarray. Application of functional proteome microarray in basic research. Application of functional proteome microarray in translational research. Fabrication of functional membrane protein array using virion display method. Protein microarrays are crucial tools in the study of proteins in an unbiased, high-throughput manner, as they allow for characterization of up to thousands of individually purified proteins in parallel. The adaptability of this technology has enabled its use in a wide variety of applications, including the study of proteome-wide molecular interactions, analysis of post-translational modifications, identification of novel drug targets, and examination of pathogen-host interactions. In addition, the technology has also been shown to be useful in profiling antibody specificity, as well as in the discovery of novel biomarkers, especially for autoimmune diseases and cancers. In this review, we will summarize the developments that have been made in protein microarray technology in both in basic and translational research over the past decade. We will also introduce a novel membrane protein array, the GPCR-VirD array, and discuss the future directions of functional protein microarrays.


Using EViews software,econometrics model and analysis of Jilin Province farmers' income and agricultural technology progress are established,getting some relative conclusions,and some relevant policy suggestions are put forward.


We examine the nature of seismic heterogeneity in the continental lithosphere, with particular reference to Australia. With the inclusion of deterministic large‐scale structure and realistic medium‐scale features, there is not a need for strong fine‐scale variations. The resulting multiscale heterogeneity model gives a good representation of the character of observed seismograms and their geographic variation, and is also in good agreement with recent direct results on P wave reflectivity in the lithosphere. Fine‐scale heterogeneity is pervasive, but strongest in the crust. There is a weak quasi‐laminar component above the lithosphere‐asthenosphere transition with horizontal correlation length of 10 km and vertical correlation length of 0.5 km. Within the transition, the aspect ratio of heterogeneity changes and can be well represented with a horizontal correlation length of 5 km and vertical correlation length of 1 km. For the Australian cratons, this transition zone needs low intrinsic attenuation (high Q) to sustain the long high‐frequency coda of both P and S waves. The interaction of the different aspects of the heterogeneity is complex and produces a diversity of behavior depending on the relative thickness of the different lithospheric zones. The multiscale model reconciles many of the divergent concepts of the character of heterogeneity based on interpretations of particular aspects of the seismic wavefield. The varying nature of the heterogeneity also ties well with the variations in tectonic character across the Australian continent.


SUMMARY 1. In this study, the effects of nutrient (N and P) deficiency and the importance of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] to tropical cladocerans, growth and reproduction were determined in a growth bioassay.

2. The animals were fed N/P-sufficient, N-deficient and P-deficient algae, and also N and P-deficient algae supplemented with fish oil emulsions rich in EPA and DHA.

3. Cladocerans showed different responses to nutrient-deficient algae and also to supplements of fish oil emulsions. Moina micrura was most sensitive to P-deficient alga and, surprisingly, grew better and produced more eggs in N-deficient alga than in N/P sufficient alga. Ceriodaphnia cornuta was less sensitive, growing well in both N and P-deficient algae. This species, however, had a lower clutch size in N-deficient alga. On the other hand, Daphnia gessneri was the most sensitive to mineral limitation, showing decreased growth and clutch size in both nutrient-deficient algae.

4. The PUFA supplements to nutrient-deficient algae increased growth rates only for M. micrura and C. cornuta, suggesting that these fatty acids are important food requirements for these species.


When the CHCl3 extract obtained by partitioning the methanolic extract of Periploca sepium between H2O and CHCl3 was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel, the antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice was concentrated in the fraction eluted with CHCl3-MeOH (10 : 1). From the antitumor fraction, eight products, S-1-S-8, were isolated. S-1 was identified as 12β-hydroxypregna-4, 6, 16-triene-3, 20-dione (neridienone-A), obtained for the first time from Asclepiadaceous plants, by direct comparison with an authentic sample and the others were found to be steroidal glycosides. A new compound S-2A (named periplocogenin), and two known aglycones S-3A and S-5A, obtained by hydrolyzing the above glycosides with diluted acid, were respectively identified as 3β-O- (4', 6'-dideoxy-3'-O-methyl-Δ3'-D-2'-hexosulosyl) -Δ5-pregnene-17α, 20 (S) -diol, periplogenin, and Δ5-pregnene-3β, 20 (S) -diol from the proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The structure of S-6A was identical with that of S-5A, and S-7A and S-8A were identical with S-2A.


We introduce a family of linear maps which are positive but not completely positive. We exhibit examples of nondecomposable maps and 2{sup N}x2{sup N}, N{>=}2, bound entangled states - e.g., nondistillable bipartite states of N+N qubits. Such states, as the standard Bell diagonal states, are diagonal in a maximally entangled basis and, apart remaining positive under partial transposition, are not detected by the realignment criterion.


The basic requirements for infrared transmitting fiber materials are described.
A survey is made of researches in infrared optical fiber materials, i.e. oxides,
chalcogenides and halides. Advantages of halide materials are discussed, among which
the ZrF_4 and AlF_3 glass systems are thought to be the most promising ones, because of
their better physical and chemical properties and the extremely low intrinsic loss
value. These glasses have been drawn into trial fibers of a few meters length.


Faced with an annual increase in the number of individuals infected by heterosexual transmission of HIV in Scotland health authorities in Lothian have sought innovative ways to reduce the threat of HIV transmission. One such measure is the "Take Care Campaign" which presents individuals with a range of safe and safer sex behavior choices to choose from at different stages of their life (abstinence choosing to avoid penetrative intercourse using a condom and remaining in a longterm monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner). In 1992 a pilot study was initiated which involved providing doctors with a special pack containing oral contraceptives (OCs) and condoms. The purpose of this study was to make it easier for physicians to discuss HIV prevention while prescribing OCs to link the prescription of OCs with the condom in the minds of the physicians and clients and to provide women with a way to carry condoms in their handbags. The 92 women involved in the study all found the pack acceptable and at 3-month follow-up nearly half kept it in their handbags. All 16 physicians found the pack helpful in raising the topic of HIV prevention and 14 women stated that it helped them raise the subject with their partners. The success of this pilot program led to development of a pill/OC pack that would accommodate 3 condoms a leaflet and 80% of the brands of OCs available locally. The pack is intended to be given to first-time OC users. More than half of the general practitioners in the Lothian area have ordered packs.


Abstract : With the advent of the All-Volunteer Force, utilization of women in the Navy has significantly increased. Women may well become even more valuable manpower assets given projected shortages in recruitable males, more equitable management policies, and changing social attitudes. A review of past Navy employment practices for females, discussion of current utilization, and considerations are made. Female petty officers retention problems and the reluctance of females to enter the more traditional male Navy ratings are causes for concern. The 'combat' assignment issue is analyzed. This writer concludes that more selective female recruiting practices, a long term evaluation of the Women in Ships program, and a study of low female enlisted retention rates are needed. Studies of womens' capability to satisfactorily integrate into combat environments are also essential. Only after these steps are accomplished can Navy planners accurately assess the effectiveness of females and possible limits on their utilization in the Navy.


Oil production forecasting is one of the essential processes for organizations and governments to make necessary economic plans. This paper proposes a novel hybrid intelligence time series model to forecast oil production from two different oil fields in China and Yemen. This model is a modified ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System), which is developed by applying a new optimization algorithm called the Aquila Optimizer (AO). The AO is a recently proposed optimization algorithm that was inspired by the behavior of Aquila in nature. The developed model, called AO-ANFIS, was evaluated using real-world datasets provided by local partners. In addition, extensive comparisons to the traditional ANFIS model and several modified ANFIS models using different optimization algorithms. Numeric results and statistics have confirmed the superiority of the AO-ANFIS over traditional ANFIS and several modified models. Additionally, the results reveal that AO is significantly improved ANFIS prediction accuracy. Thus, AO-ANFIS can be considered as an efficient time series tool.


The polyimide/SiO\-2 film is a kind of film material which has extremely properties of mechanics, heat, light and electricity and therefore has very wide application in the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) material technology. It has special important point to measure the mechanical properties of the polyimide /SiO\-2 film. The digital speckle correlation technique and the micro-draw experiment were combined in this paper. The methods of the sub-pixels search and bilinear interpolation were used in the digital image processing. As the digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) cannot be directly used in measuring a large deformation, an improved multilevel DSCM was proposed. The mechanical properties of the polyimide /SiO\-2 film with 37μm thickness was measured in the experiments. The results of the experiments are satisfied. The Young's modulus and the Possion's ratio are presented.


With the wide application of convolutional neural networks(CNNs) in the field of artificial intelligence, more attention has been paid to the architecture design of CNNs accelerator. But even so, there is little research on hardware acceleration of light-weight CNNs, and there is a lack of systematic and in-depth exploration of lightweight CNNs accelerator design space. In this paper, we propose a design scheme for the lightweight CNNs accelerator based on the systolic array structure. Taking the MobileNet series, the typical representative of lightweight CNNs, as the test benchmark, we carry out detailed experiments and research analysis on the accelerator performance under different data-flow modes and different core computing array scales. Based on the systematic and comprehensive experiments, we provide powerful experimental data supporting and scientific guidance for the design space of the systolic array based lightweight CNNs accelerator and the trade-off of various indicators including operational efficiency, acceleration ratio, cycle time and so on, which makes up for the blank of current research in this field, and makes great convenience for subsequent designers to develop lightweight CNNs accelerators. Through our research, MobileNet V1 is speeded up nearly 1.2 times under certain conditions.


Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), is nowadays presented as a foundational text for modern feminism. Its rapid rendering into European languages such as French and German contrasts with the late translation into Spanish, which was not published until 1977. Nevertheless, the twenty-first century has witnessed a renewed interest in the figure of Wollstonecraft and her role as a precursor of the first feminist wave in Europe. Within this framework, this study examines Wollstonecraft's public reception in Spain through contemporary (re)translations of her work. For this purpose, attention is paid to translations into Spanish and other co-official languages published during the first two decades of the twenty-first century, as well as the author's public reception in Spanish newspapers. This research, thus, attests to the recent process of recovery of Wollstonecraft's work in Spain and underscores her iconic role in contemporary local and international feminist discourses.


Restless legs syndrome is a frequent neurological disorder with substantial burden on individual well‐being and public health. Genetic risk loci have been identified, but the causatives genes at these loci are largely unknown, so that functional investigation and clinical translation of molecular research data are still inhibited. To identify putatively causative genes, we searched for highly significant mutational burden in candidate genes.


Surface finish tends to be decisive in a large number of applications and, in general, it must be corrected by means of finishing operations. It is also highly important that the characteristics required from the products obtained should be determined beforehand, and on this basis the operating conditions that most closely suit the materials to be employed and their characteristics should be chosen. Factorial design will be employed to study the effects of these operating conditions. Although factorial design is a known technique for analysing the effect of variables over an objective function, the uncertainty of these variables is often ignored. This means that the true behaviour of the objective function cannot be explained. Most of the previous investigators have studied the effect of cutting variables on surface roughness and many different models have been proposed, but they do not take uncertainty in the measurements into accountand this uncertainty is often ignored - in order to perform the regression analysis. In this paper, a development of models that would allow us to determine the surface quality of parts, obtained by turning processes, is carried out, using the response surface methodology and considering the uncertainty due to the process and the measuring instruments. In addition, a methodology for determining the capability of manufacturing processes is presented.


Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) have been considered an attractive option for medium/high-power applications due to their reliability and power quality. The MMC operation relies on voltage balancing. Consequently, many researchers have addressed the issue of voltage balancing and developed several schemes and controlling methods for this issue. This paper presents two approaches to control the MMC by using a state observer. In one proposed approach, a voltage balancing based method is developed which takes advantage of a state observer to estimate the total voltage at each arm. In the second approach, the voltage balancing method is used with state estimation for each sub-module. First, each approach is used without the state observer in an open-loop configuration with different pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes. Then the state observer is added to show the performance improvement The simulation results for the proposed control are presented and a comparison between the proposed approaches and the open-loop control are shown to prove the effectiveness of using the proposed methods.


Typical productivity parameters based on compensated gross tonnage (CGT) per man-hour or man-year are shown to be insufficient in understanding and controlling competitiveness. Competitiveness is based on time, cost and quality. For cost competitiveness, an in-depth model for controlling competitiveness is presented. The model considers various factors that can be monitored and are either largely dependent on or largely independent of management decisions. The importance of exchange rate and subsidies is singled out in the paper. Various examples comparing European Union shipyards with Far East competitors are used to exemplify how to use the model in understanding the strategic position of shipyards or countries. Pitfalls in interpreting data are also shown.


Hydraulic structures generally are relatively large volume,According to the demands of 《Code for Design of Hydraulic Structures against Ice and Freezing Action》( SL211- 2006),Da bakou reservoir double- vaulted arch dam site is at severe cold region where the coldest January average month temperature is- 14. 1℃,and it is under- 10℃ in Inner Mongolia,the hottest July average month temperature is 22. 2℃. Annual temperature amplitude is very large and the internal temperature of concrete pouring construction period rise in value is very high,how to take measures to control the temperature of the construction right,avoiding large tensile stress,and have a significance to the engineering schedule and quality. By construction temperature control simulation of scientific analysis and calculation on the correct temperature control measures,ensure the quality of construction projects.


In light of the release of the Russian translation of Max Weber's "Economy and society", the article examines the relationship between the socio-economic views of Weber and Marx, and analyzes Weber's position on the possibilities of the creation, functioning, and prospects of a socialist economy. An important question is also investigated about the connection of various aspects of Weber's biography with the peculiarities of his theoretical position. In particular, the concept of the "iron cage", which served as an explanation for Weber's theoretical positions in American sociology of the 20th century, is criticized.


staple diet of the people, very much resemble those in the rock surfaces of the MB I sites of the Negeb. Furthermore, the circular stone houses with thatched, conical roofs of a Basutoland village look as if they might be a modern restoration of the houses of site 345, for instance. Whether or not the MB I houses had thatched roofs is a very moot question, but otherwise there is quite a close relationship in appearance between the dwellings of the two periods, which are some four thousand years apart. The use of cup-holes extended through many periods in ancient times. Insofar as our experience goes, those in the Negeb seem to occur only at MB I sites. One cup-hole that we found was covered with a fitted stone lid. There must have been others like it. We also found some MB I sites in and near the Whdi Ruth, the largest of which was site 369, co6rdinate 026.4-101.9. Others of the same period were encountered alongside or near the Whdi Abyatd, in addition to others previously discovered. They were sites 372 and 373, at cobirdinates, respectively, 035.7-106 and 037.9-107.4 on the Nitsanah map.


We examine the announcement stock returns and long-run performance of 352 targeted repurchases from 1979 to 1998. For those repurchases of blocks that are non-control related we find a positive announcement stock price response and positive long-run stock performance indicating that these repurchases are timed to occur when the company's shares are undervalued and that the market underreacts to this signal. In contrast, for those repurchases of blocks that are control related we find a negative announcement stock price response and insignificant long-run stock performance indicating that these repurchases occur for a different reason. We conclude that control related repurchases are utilized solely to dismiss potential takeover bids and are not timed when the stock is undervalued.


Combined data on pulsation amplitudes and phases from multicolour photometry and spectroscopy yield constraints on mode identification as well as on mean stellar parameters. The data allow for determination of a certain complex parameter which may be compared with the model value and thus constitute a new seismic probe of stellar interior, specifically of its outer layers. We present here some results obtained for the two β Cephei stars δ Ceti and ν Eridani. We found significant differences between models calculated with opacities from the OPAL and OP projects.


This paper presents a methodology and a tool for projects involving analogue and digital signals. A sub-systems group was developed to translation a Matlab/Simulink model in the correspondent structural model described in VHDL-AMS. The developed translation tool, named of MS2SV, can reads a file containing a Simulink model translating it in the correspondent VHDL-AMS structural code. The tool also creates the directories structure and necessary files to simulate the model translated in SystemVision environment. Three models of D/A converters available commercially that use R-2R ladder network were studied. This work considers some of challenges set by the electronic industry for the further development of simulation methodologies and tools in the field of mixed-signal technology. Although the objective of the studies has been the D/A converter, the developed methodology has potentiality to be extended to consider control systems and mechatronic systems.


In this paper, a hybrid model for estimating the activity of a commercial Pt-Re/Al 2 O 3 catalyst in an industrial scale heavy naphtha catalytic-reforming unit (CRU) is presented. This model is also capable of predicting research octane number (RON) and yield of gasoline. In the proposed model, called DANN, the decay function of heterogeneous catalysts is combined with a recurrent-layer artificial neural network. During a life cycle (919 days), fifty-eight points are selected for building and training the DANN (60%), nineteen data points for testing (20%), and the remained ones for validating steps. Results show that DANN can acceptably estimate the activity of catalyst during its life in consideration of all process variables. Moreover, it is confirmed that the proposed model is capable of predicting RON and yield of gasoline for unseen (validating) data with AAD% (average absolute deviation) of 0.272% and 0.755%, respectively. After validating the model, the octane barrel level (OCB) of the plant is maximized by manipulating the inlet temperature of reactors, and hydrogen to hydrocarbon molar ratio whilst all process limitations are taken into account. During a complete life cycle results show that the decision variables, generated by the optimization program, can increase the RON, process yield and OCB of CRU to about 1.15%, 3.21%, and 4.56%, respectively. © 2015 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved. Received: 27th July 2014; Revised: 31st May 2015; Accepted: 31th May 2015 How to Cite : Sadighi, S., Mohaddecy, R.S., Norouzian, A. (2015). Optimizing an Industrial Scale Naphtha Catalytic Reforming Plant Using a Hybrid Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm Technique. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis , 10(2): 210-220. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.10.2.7171.210-220) Permalink/DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.10.2.7171.210-220


A torque sensor is set on the joint of a direct drive robot to measure the torque exerting on the joint, which greatly helps to build the time-independent, simple, and linear dynamic model proposed in this paper. A decoupling control approach is used to control the robot based on the model. To make sure that the stiffness of the drive system of the joint will not be decreased with the assembling of such a sensor, the property of the torque sensor and the design of the joint are studied deeply. The result shows that as long as the inertia of the rotor, the link and the axe are configured properly, the stiffness will not change much.


Mg2NCl is prepared by solid-solid reaction of a 1:1 molar mixture of Mg3N2 and MgCl2 (evacuated quartz tubes, 500 °C, 5 d).


Chapter 1 Dedication Chapter 2 Acknowledgments Chapter 3 Editor's Foreword Chapter 4 Preface Chapter 5 Introduction Chapter 6 Abbreviations Chapter 7 1. Young Florence Chapter 8 2. Out in the World Chapter 9 3. The Rocky Road to Fame Chapter 10 4. Shufflin' to the Top Chapter 11 5. Transatlatic Star Chapter 12 6. Dixie Dreams Chapter 13 7. The Great White Way Chapter 14 8. A Blackbird Takes Wing Chapter 15 9. Looking for a Bluebird in Europe Chapter 16 10. Black Birds of 1927 Chapter 17 11. Swing Low, Sweet Chariot Chapter 18 12. Bye Bye Blackbird Chapter 19 13. Florence Mills: A Reappraisal Chapter 20 Appendix 1: Black Beauty Chapter 21 Appendix 2: Other Commemorative Items Chapter 22 Bibliography Chapter 23 Index Chapter 24 About the Author


The U.S. Supreme Court has indicated that exposing nonsmoking prisoners to secondhand smoke can be construed as "cruel and unusual punishment" ( Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25 [1993]). In response, many states have enacted prison tobacco control policies, including bans on smoking. To determine whether such bans are associated with reductions in smoking-related mortality, …


Recent developments in child welfare in the United States can be seen as enactments of state paternalism toward families. New programs and procedures in the areas of foster care and "in-home" family services aim to reinforce parents' and childrens' rights, but these rights are typically framed as protections against bureaucratic abuse rather than as rights to basic material resources. The prevailing cultural assumption toward child welfare in the United States is that the government should not intervene in family life unless there is legal evidence of functional failure. Families are still seen as autonomous units that essentially determine their own fates. This ideology serves to limit the public and political perception of more preventive and developmental options.


Our administrative litigation system has been encircled ring upon ring due to questions such as narrow scope of administrative cases to be accepted by the courts,a large number of withdraw of action,little independent judicatory power,etc.The basic reason led to this,the author consider,is that the independence of judicial power has been effected by the evolution of the principle of combination of legislative and executive powers and the principle of ultimate popular sovereignty,and the set up of administrative court can not help breaking out of an encirclement of administrative procedure.


When the dynamics of a time varying system is very fast the achieving of its adequate control tasks requires equally unexpectable theoretical and technical efforts. The difficulties are significantly increased when the system parameters are unknown or partially unknown. The aim of this paper is that of overpassing these difficulties by using a neural network based approach. Such method is relevant from the view point of abandoning the direct solving of the differential models.


"There are no proofs for the existence of the God of Abraham," said Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907-1972). "There are only witnesses." For countless Jews and Christians, Heschel was, in both his words and his deeds, one of the preeminent witnesses to God in the twentieth century. To commemorate the centennial year of his birth, this article presents of a brief overview of Heschel's inspiring life and works in the service of God.


The article set forth the concept of study incentive at the very beginning. The author carried out a questionnaire on higher vocational college students' English-learning incentive in Chinese-foreign project. Then the author tried to find out the problem and its root after analyzing the collected data. Finally,in order to improve students' English-learning incentive and nurture their talents,some measures are provided to improve the quality of students as well as teachers,adjust the curriculum arrangement and foster students' self-study ability.


Has been classified and investigated the composition and properties of particulate iron-containing waste and the possibility of their processing and return to the industry. Describes the capabilities and prospects of recycling of particulate wastes in tilting rotary furnaces (TRF) without preprocessing.


We evaluated the genetic diversity in the VP1/VP2 gene of CPV type 2b isolates from symptomatic dogs in Brazil. A total of 21 isolates collected from 1990 through 1995 previously typed as CPV2b by PCR assay were studied. Overall we found a high degree of similarity among sequences from different CPV clinical isolates collected. Genetic analysis of this selected region gave no indication of a specific Brazilian parvovirus lineage.


WSCC is the ICGA's World Speed Computer Chess Championship, held at 'blitz' 5'+5" tempo in parallel with the similar WCCC (Computer Chess) and common-platform WCSC (Chess Software) competitive computational experiments. Even at this tempo, the games are super-GM quality. The title was taken this time by Komodo with Jonny and Shredder also on the podium.


The best formulation of sanitizer was obtained by screening out environmental and free of contamination surfactants, compounding anionic surfactant AES and nonionic surfactants 6501、APG、AEO9、EL on orthogonal experiment,and adding also AOS and CAB in order to improve the degreasing efficiency. Triethanolamine was added to improve moisture effect and citric acid was added to regulete pH.APG and EL are used which have moisture retention and detergency dual effect to adjust liquid soap formula to get the sanitizer that is in good condition and also has powerful degreasing ability and moisturizing efficacy.


Field emission from metals was well understood nearly a century ago. Description of its core process given by Fowler and Nordheim was an early success of emerging quantum mechanics. Contrastively, in 1960's and later on it was discovered that nonmetallic (III- V and II -VI semiconductors, diamond, carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon) field emitters do not obey the very basic Fowler-Nordheim law.


We live in an interdisciplinary world, and we participate in an interplay between society and technology. In online settings, trust is required to back up successful interactions and to filter the overflow of information. However, trust is dynamic and very sensitive; it can be strengthened by positive experiences and destroyed by negative ones. Thus, we chose forgiveness as a way to repair broken trust relationships in computer-mediated communications. We believe that forgiveness benefits can improve online users' experiences by repairing broken relationships and encourage cooperation. In this paper, we present an overview about forgiveness research and we hope to put the first basic stones to drive more attention to this complicated concept in the digital environment.


A function $f:\{ 0,1\} ^n \to \{ 0,1\} $ is called t-sparse if the n-variable polynomial representation of f over $GF(2)$ contains at most t monomials. Such functions are uniquely determined by their values at the so-called critical set of all binary n-tuples of Hamming weight $ \geqq n - \lfloor \log _2 t \rfloor - 1$. An algorithm is presented for interpolating any t-sparse function f, given the values of f at the critical set. The time complexity of the proposed algorithm is proportional to n, t, and the size of the critical set. Then, the more general problem of approximating 1-sparse functions is considered, in which case the approximating function may differ from f at a fraction $\varepsilon $ of the space $\{ 0,1\} ^n $. It is shown that $O(({t / \varepsilon }) \cdot n)$ evaluation points are sufficient for the (deterministic) $\varepsilon $-approximation of any t-sparse function, and that an order $(t / \varepsilon )^{\alpha (t,\varepsilon )} \cdot \log n$ points are necessary for this purpose, wh...


We study conformal properties of string theory which is exclusively based on extrinsic curvature action. We develop technical tools allowing to solve and to quantize this high-derivative nonlinear two-dimensional conformal field theory. The absence of conformal anomaly in quantum theory requires that the space-time should be 13-dimensional, twice less than in the standard bosonic string theory.


A near-infrared light triggered fast interfacial friction switch was achieved with polyelectrolyte brush grafted PDMS embedded with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, where the in situ heating up of the photothermal Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix changes the interface humidity and thereafter alters the hydration level of the interfacial polymer brushes.


This paper describes a microactuation scheme based on thermally driven liquid-vapor phase-change in a partially filled sealed cavity. A test structure for studying this system has been designed and fabricated. The cavity is 900 /spl mu/m by 900 /spl mu/m by 300 /spl mu/m in size with a thin, 600 /spl mu/m by 800 /spl mu/m grid-shaped heater located on the floor of the cavity and elevated approximately 8 /spl mu/m above it. The heater is composed of open diamond-shaped unit cells defined by 12-/spl mu/m-wide, 3-/spl mu/m-thick bulk-silicon beams, giving an overall electrical heater resistance of 3-10 /spl Omega/. Using methanol as the cavity fluid with partial filling, drive levels of 10 mW sustain a 1.2-Atm pressure rise within the cavity. Real-time measurements demonstrate a pressure response time on the order of 100 ms for an input power of 100 mW. Simulated pressure response calculations indicate the potential for an optimized response time on the order of 40 ms at this power level. >


This paper,from the perspective of constructivism,attempts to probe the acceptability of language that is used by the interpreter.In the theoretical system of translation based on constructivism,Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action plays a very important role of instruction in that it puts forward Truth of Communication Paradigm.Interpretation is also a form of social communication,so his theory can be used to guide the practice of interpretation as well.Thus the paper tries to analyze the process of interpretation under the constructivist perspective for the purpose of finding some appropriate principles and methods.


The point and non-point sources of pollution have disturbed the sustained natural quality of surface water of the Brahmani river basin beyond the self-cleaning capabilities. Deteriorating of surface water quality has become a serious issue. To improve the quality of water, enhanced techniques for water quality monitoring, analysis and modeling are required. The multivariate statistical methods, fuzzy entropy methods, Bayesian approximation and MCMC algorithms are used for the study. A total of 20 water quality indicators (Cl, Na, SO42-,PO43-, K, B, F, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cr, NO3, NO2, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Permanganate Index (CODMn), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Alkali as CaCO3 (TA as CaCO3)) are collected for 15 years from 2002 to 2016 for two seasons (dry and wet season) from 9 sampling stations along the river course. Multivariate Statistical methods are used for the spatiotemporal variations of the water quality. The Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis (HACA) grouped the nine gauging stations into four groups such as Considerable (Co), Low Pollution (LP), Moderate Pollution (MP), and Extreme Pollution (EP), whereas the water quality indicators are discriminated spatially and temporally based on the similarities in water quality characteristics. The Functional Water Quality Index (FWQI) are calculated by fuzzy entropy weight method, which identifies the principal contributing factors affecting the quality of water. The Bayesian inference along with MCMC algorithms are used for the water quality modeling. The Bayesian models are developed on the basis of prior information on trends of water quality and sources of pollution and the models are used as the basic model required for the evaluation of water quality using both informative and non-informative priors. The convention Water Quality Index (WQI) method along with Bayes' rule and Shannon's entropy weight method are applied for the estimation of likelihood and indicator weights. The likelihood estimates are used for the estimation of the posterior distribution. Finally, the influence of heterogeneous stochastic uncertain parameters is investigated using Advection Dispersion Equation (ADE) and the models developed by Bayes' rule and MCMC simulations. The impact of uncertain factors is analyzed considering the ADE parameters and water quality indicators. The collaboration of ADE and Bayesian methods encourage the water quality management and environmental modeling techniques.


Geophysics
At the very base of Earth's rocky mantle lie two distinct regions called large low shear wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs). Zhang et al. suggest a very old origin for the LLSVPs by tying their formation to Earth's 4.5 billion years ago. Tiny amounts of metallic melt trapped at the base of


The environmental quality evaluation of seawater relates to multi-components and multi-factors,and the water environment quality classification standards and the levels of water pollution and so on are some vague concepts. Currently,available evaluation models of water quality have more or less some shortages.Based on the variable fuzzy theory,this paper establishes the variable fuzzy evaluation model of seawater quality and applies the approach to the comprehensive evaluation of seawater quality in the Jiaozhou Bay.The practice indicates that the model is simple,and can reasonably determine the sample's relative membership degrees and the relative membership functions to the different index standard ranges,It is able to properly rate the sample by taking the stable result as the result of the comprehensive evaluation of seawater quality through changing the model and its parameters(a and p parameters change,resulting in four models including a linear one and three nonlinear ones),thereby providing a new approach and method for multiobjective comprehensive evaluation and decision-making in marine environment.


This article reviews two approaches to encouraging program managers to conduct evaluations and to improve the quality of their evaluations. The two approaches are Sunset reviews and evaluation plans. Examples of the application of each approach to energy conservation programs are discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of both approaches are considered and recommendations about how to improve the guidance process are presented. A guidance process that combines the best features of both approaches is needed. The essential problem is to strike the proper balance between universal requirements and specific designs, methods, and procedures that are feasible to implement. Sunset review requirements ensure that some evaluation is conducted by all program managers, but do little to improve the quality of specific evaluation efforts. The evaluation plan approach, in contrast, leads to good resultsfor specific programs, but does little to ensure that comparisons across programs can be made. If generic evaluation plans matched to appropriate program types were combined with Sunset mandates for evaluation, significant improvements in the quality, comparability, and agencywide coverage of evaluation efforts should result.


Microclimate for cultural heritage plays a fundamental role in the degradation process of artefacts exhibited in museums. Generally, the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) monitoring inside museums is based on conventional measurements of thermo-hygrometry parameters and longtime averaged measurements of atmospheric pollutants' concentration. Unfortunately, all these approaches require electric supply and are usually characterized by a noticeable visual impact on the exhibition space, which clearly negatively affects the visitors' experience. This paper intends to revisit and discuss a methodology (and its test application on field, to estimate the risk of damage of three artefacts displayed in an old museum of Palermo – Italy) perhaps prematurely underestimated that could usefully be re-proposed in particular contexts in which it is necessary to be careful to be as less invasive as possible, as in the case of museums housed in buildings of particular historical-cultural prestige. The discussed approach uses a non-destructive (or minimally invasive, at least) technique consisting in using two types of coupons, bi-metallic and marble ones, that allows an off-line monitoring of the indoor air aggressiveness inside museums, while avoiding consuming electricity and undesirable visual impacts on the site. Specifically, the estimated coupon damage is regarded as gauge to air aggressiveness, in order to provide an early warning of the risk of damage for the artefacts made of materials similar to those which the coupons are made of. Based on the considerations reported in the paper, the indirect evaluation of the air chemical aggressiveness through the assessment of the bi-metallic and marble coupons' erosion seems to still candidates itself as a feasible method to be applied in complex exhibition scenes.


In this paper, we summarize the present state-of-the-art on the proof-of-principle experiment of frequency-dependent squeezing implemented through EPR entanglement for Virgo gravitational-wave detector and we introduce Virgo subsystem proposal for frequency-dependent squeezing, obtained with a compact apparatus and without the costs required by the infrastructure for the filter cavity.


We report an electrically-pumped 1050 nm micro-electro-mechanically-tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting-laser (MEMS-VCSEL) with a record single-mode, continuous, mechanical tuning range of 73.2 nm with high output power and low threshold current performance, which is suitable for next generation swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and sensing applications.


The paper studies the essence and doctrinaire interpretation of 'transcendence' from the religious perspective covering the creeds of Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism and Baha'i. The paper also reviews the philosophical roots of 'transcendence' discussing its original definition, the medieval usage, colloquial usage, transcendent theosophy and the Kantian and modern philosophy of transcendence within which the views of Socrates, Plato, David Hume, Mulla Sadra, Jean-Paul Sartre and Stephen Palmquist, were brought to bear on the discourse. Essentially, the paper contends that there is an eternal scuffle that is taking place between higher and lower forces and the main arena of this struggle is in the human mind as encased in the human body. The paper furthers that in every individual, there is the tri-unity of the senses, the soul and the spirit. The senses are as imbedded in the human body with the sense of touch, taste, sight, sound and smell; the soul is the essence of man's existence here on earth while the spirit is a spark of God in human. In its journey on earth, the soul continually utilizes the mind in choosing between the essence of the soft whispers of the spirit and the compelling demands of the senses. The soul is, therefore, constantly caught between these two forces; and this is what is dubbed the Battle of Evermore. The author holds that this second-by-second non-violent eternal conflict takes place in all human beings irrespective of color or creed and station or location on earth. Ascendancy in the single super consciousness of the ethereal is a direct product of the cumulative of the degree to which the soul defeats the compulsions of the senses. That, the paper concludes, is the essence of transcendence. Key Words: *Transcendence, *Human mind, *Senses, *Soul, *Spirit, *Philosophical perspective, *Religious perspective, *Transcendent theosophy, *The end of transcendence, *Personal enterprise, *Universal phenomenon.


On behalf of a BHT Coalition made up of the Grocery Manufacturers Association, the Personal Care Products Council, the Consumer Specialty Products Association and the North American Metal Packaging Alliance in Washington, DC, I am writing to recommend that Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) be given a "No Priority" or "Low Priority" for further carcinogenicity review by the CIC. As described below, the coalition's member companies use BHT in a large number of various food and consumer products.


Acute limb ischemia occurs as a result of sudden decrease in its perfusion, which usually occurs during the obturation of the lumen of large arteries due to acute thrombosis or embolism either impaired of vascular patency caused by trauma or compression (including the application of hemostatic tourniquets). In the case of restoration of blood supply to previously ischemic tissues, there is an ischemic-reperfusion syndrome, in which one of the main pathogenetic links of tissue alteration is the activation of lipid peroxidation. The content of diene conjugates, triene conjugates, TBA-active products, superoxide dismutase and catalase in homogenate of the muscle tissue and blood serum of 30 white rats under condition of experimental acute ischemia was determined. Acute ischemia was caused by the application of SWAT (Stretch-Wrap-And-Tuck) rubber bundles on the hind limbs of the animals for 2 hours. It was experimentally found that the maximum increase in the content of diene and triene conjugates in the injured muscle tissue of the animals occurred in the early postischemic period on the 2nd hour of reperfusion with a decreaseing on the 1st and 7th day and


There are a lot of photography website builders out there. They promise that you'll be able to build your own site from scratch, with customized features and beautiful templates. But which service should you choose? Finding the perfect service for your photography site can be a headache. Sorting through all of the different plans and making sense of the technical specs takes a lot of time, and it can be hard to tell all of the websites apart.


Recombinant AAV vectors are promising gene therapy tools. However, pre-existing antibodies (Abs) to many useful AAV serotypes pose a critical challenge for the translation of gene therapies. As part of AAV gene therapy program for treating MPS III patients, we investigated the seroprevalence profiles of AAV1-9 and rh74 in MPS IIIA/IIIB patients and in healthy children. Using ELISA for αAAV-IgG, we observed significantly higher sero-prevalence for AAV1 and AAVrh74 in 2-7y-old MPS III patients than in healthy controls. Seroprevalence for the majority of tested AAV serotypes appear to peak before age 8y in MPS III subjects, with the exception of increases in αAAV8 and αAAV9 Abs in 8-19y-old MPS IIIA patients. In contrast, we observed significant increases in seroprevalence for virtually all tested AAV serotypes in 8-15y-old healthy children compared to 2-7y-olds. Co-prevalence and Ab level correlation results followed the previously established divergence-based clade positions of AAV1-9. Interestingly, the individuals positive for αAAVrh74-Abs showed the lowest co-prevalence with Abs for AAV1-9 (22-40%), however, all or nearly all (77-100%) of subjects that were seropositive for any of serotypes 1-9, were also positive for αAAVrh74-IgG. Notably, the majority (78%) of αAAV seropositive individuals were also Ab-positive for 1-5 of the tested AAV serotypes, mostly with low levels of αAAV-Abs (1:50-100), while a minority (22%) were seropositive for ≥6 AAV serotypes, mostly with high levels of αAAV-IgG for multiple serotypes. In general, the highest IgG levels were reactive to AAV2, AAV3, and AAVrh74. The data illustrate the complex seroprevalence profiles of AAV1-9 and rh74 in MPS patients and healthy children, indicating the potential association of AAV seroprevalence with age and disease conditions. The broad co-prevalence of Abs for different AAV serotypes reinforces the challenge of pre-existing αAAV-Abs for translating AAV gene therapy to clinical applications, regardless of the vector serotype.


withprocess equipment manufacturers andnewfactory Inthis paper, weprovide dataontheenvironmental per- designers toreduce environmental emissions andthelesformance improvements achieved during theconversionsonslearned forfuture manufacturing generations andthat frommanufacturing semiconductors on200mmsilicon wa- maybeapplied toother industries. Thefirst section pro.ou u o 0 C ln y vides context andbackground ontheindustry, followed by fertomanufacturing on300mm.Concluslons identsfy ap- specific description ofthedesign forenvironment approaches tocontinue theenvironmental improvements in proaches undertaken, analytical methods andtheresults measured. Conclusions aredrawnthat maybeuseful dur


Kinetic equations for controlling the consecutive reactions in the reduction of a Schiff base, formed by the equilibrium reaction of an amino acid with a 2-keto acid, have been developed and applied to a computer-assisted automatic synthesis of substituted N-(carboxyalkyl)amino acids. The equations were especially useful for the prediction of optimum reaction conditions and on-line reaction control.


The aim of this paper is to study a boundary time-optimal control problem for the heat equation in a two-dimensional ball. The main ingredient is the extension of a result concerning Müntz polynomials due to Borwein and Erdélyi that allows us to prove an observability inequality for the dynamical system's truncation to a finite number of modes. This result, combined with a well-known Lebeau–Robbiano argument used to show the null-controllability of parabolic type equations, enables us to deduce the existence, uniqueness and bang-bang properties for the boundary time-optimal control.


Poor conditions during early development can initiate trade‐offs that favour current survival at the expense of somatic maintenance and subsequently, future reproduction. However, the mechanisms that link early and late life‐history are largely unknown. Recently it has been suggested that telomeres, the nucleoprotein structures at the terminal end of chromosomes, could link early‐life conditions to lifespan and fitness. In wild purple‐crowned fairy‐wrens, we combined measurements of nestling telomere length (TL) with detailed life‐history data to investigate whether early‐life TL predicts fitness prospects. Our study differs from previous studies in the completeness of our fitness estimates in a highly philopatric population. The association between TL and survival was age‐dependent with early‐life TL having a positive effect on lifespan only among individuals that survived their first year. Early‐life TL was not associated with the probability or age of gaining a breeding position. Interestingly, early‐life TL was positively related to breeding duration, contribution to population growth and lifetime reproductive success because of their association with lifespan. Thus, early‐life TL, which reflects growth, accumulated early‐life stress and inherited TL, predicted fitness in birds that reached adulthood but not noticeably among fledglings. These findings suggest that a lack of investment in somatic maintenance during development particularly affects late life performance. This study demonstrates that factors in early‐life are related to fitness prospects through lifespan, and suggests that the study of telomeres may provide insight into the underlying physiological mechanisms linking early‐ and late‐life performance and trade‐offs across a lifetime.


Selection applied to seedlings grown under controlled environmental conditions may contribute to plant improvement provided agronomic traits are well correlated to the seedling selection trait. The objective of this research was to utilize techniques for screening maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings for induced NO 3 uptake in order to evaluate direct and indirect effects of such selection on populations created


A simple technique for fabricating single nanowires with well-defined position is presented. The process implies the use of a silicon nitride mask for selective electrochemical growth of the nanowires in a porous alumina template. We show that this method allows the realization of complex nanowire patterns as well as arrays of single nanowires with a precise position and spacing.


Surgical procedures involving the spine require prone positioning and are not devoid of complications. Perioperative peripheral nerve injury (PPNI) is an important complication with an incidence of 0.03 to 0.1% and with 0.02% incidence of brachial plexopathy in noncardiac surgery. 1 Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM)


With the presentation structures of classical academic works,the forms of the Scientific Information Configuration Template(SICT) for Academic Works on Natural Science Research are studied,and the structural framework of scientific theory writing styles(STWS) and the argument structural framework(ASF) of SICT based on the Prototype Structure of Scientific Existence(PSSE) are derived.This paper deems that the SICT provides a criterion for reports on scientific research achievements;STWS is the externalized form on the basis of the simultaneousness of the presentation structures(PS) and presentation forms(PF) in the SICT;the PSSE is the criterion for the externalization of the SICT;on the basis of the SICT,scientific research of scientific works(SRSW) is the materialized form of STWS;the SICT provides argument criteria and formal structure for SRSW,and ASF provides a reference framework for interpretation and discussion of SRSW.


This paper examines the mapping from the Cohen class of bilinear time‐evolutionary spectral estimators (TES) to a conjoint frequency‐cycle frequency signal description for modulated acoustic signals. The transform mapping provides a cycle spectrum estimation that is used to identify cyclostationarity in modulated acoustic signals that often remains undetected in the one‐dimensional time history and power spectral density (PSD). The Wigner distribution (WD) TES is derived as the case for which the PSD used in stationary analysis of acoustic signals is preserved in the Fourier transform mapping to a conjoint frequency–frequency correlation signal representation for modulated signals. Fourier transformation over temporal window centers of a pseudo‐WD TES of modulated acoustic signals is shown to equate to the time‐variant cyclic spectrum, defined for cyclostationary signals, evaluated along the center of a moving average estimate. A pseudo‐WD TES based function mapping procedure for cycle frequency estimatio...


In distributed computing systems with stragglers, various forms of redundancy can improve the average delay performance. We study the optimal replication of data in systems where the job execution time is a stochastically decreasing and convex random variable. We show that in such systems, the optimum assignment policy is the balanced replication of disjoint batches of data. Furthermore, for Exponential and Shifted-Exponential service times, we derive the optimum redundancy levels for minimizing both expected value and the variance of the job completion time. Our analysis shows that, the optimum redundancy level may not be the same for the two metrics, thus there is a trade-off between reducing the expected value of the completion time and reducing its variance.


The aphid population appeared in first week of January at the flowering stage, which peaked during 7th standard week (Feb., 12-18) 115.5-155.0, 98.01-121.0 and 75.5-108.6 aphids/plant on mustard variety Urvashi, Vardan, Varuna and Rohini, respectively, when meteorological conditions viz., maximum temperature was 23.8 0C and minimum temperature 8.8 0C with maximum relative humidity 85.0% and minimum 46.0% were prevailing during 2010-11 and 2011-12.


In this article, a novel fuzzy-based dynamic multiobjective evolutionary algorithm is presented. In this article, giving a valid and true response to the change is an essential task to improve the diversity of solutions when an environmental change occurs. The basic idea is to randomly remove some solutions and replace by newly created solutions. However, the random selection detours the algorithm's trajectory and deteriorates the performance of the optimization algorithm. Recently, the Borda method has been deployed to find the best candidates to be removed from the solutions list. Although the Borda method outperforms the random strategy, it suffers from some drawbacks. In this article, we propose an improved Borda count method incorporated with fuzzy tuned parameters so that its parameters are adjusted by Mamdani fuzzy rules. Our new Borda method can distinguish the information before and after change with different fuzzy weights. In addition to the fuzzy-based Borda, we employ an improved evolutionary algorithm based on fuzzy logic. We propose a novel nondominated sorting genetic algorithm with its parameters tuned with fuzzy rules so that it is adapted to the new environment. Experiments are conducted on standard benchmarks and the results are compared with recent algorithms. Then, multimedia data analysis, such as segmentation of moving objects, is experimented as a dynamic multiobjective problem and solved by the proposed algorithm.


Virtual Power Plant (VPP) technology can take advantage of interactive communication and energy management system to optimize and coordinate the control of distributed generation, controllable load, energy storage device, so as to integrate them and participate in the energy exchange of the grid and the quote trading of power market. This paper is devoted to study the energy management system in virtual power plant. Under the day-ahead market ,this project puts forward the maximum profit model, analyzes the operation condition of various elements in virtual power plant, and set restrictions for its operation and energy storage; According to the randomness of the energy resources such as wind and light in actual operation as well as the price in power market, the change of power grid load and electricity demand, and the fluctuations in the retail price of electricity, this paper adopts the proposed model of optimal allocation to coordinate and optimize the configuration of the elements in virtual power plant.


This paper studies the impact on national economy of TD. Firstly, using the method of qualitative analysis, the paper analyses TD's contribution to GDP, China's information technology and development of independent innovation briefly. Secondly, based on the input-output table of 2007, using the method of quantitative analysis, this paper makes quantities measurement of TD's pulling and pushing effect on national economy, verifying some conclusions obtained from the qualitative analysis. In 2007, TD's pushing effect on GDP is 70.19 billion Yuan and the pulling effect is 35.05 billion Yuan. It is obviously that TD-SCDMA has great impact on GDP, which is more a "provider" than a "consumer". At last, due to the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the paper gives out some policy recommendations to promote sound and rapid development of TD.


A central point of validity of computer X-ray diffraction micro tomography is to improve the digital contrast and spatial resolution of the 3D-recovered nano-scaled objects in crystals. In this respect, the denoising issue of the 2D image patterns data involved in the 3D high-resolution recovery processing has been treated. The Poisson-noise simulation of 2D image patterns data was performed; afterwards, it was employed for recovering nano-scaled crystal structures. By using the statistical average and geometric means methods of the acquired 2D image frames, we showed that the statistical average hypothesis works well, at least in the case of 2D Poisson-noise image data related to the Coulomb-type point defect in a crystal Si(111). The validation of results related to the de-noised 2D IPs data obtained was carried out by both the 3D recovery processing of the Coulomb-type point defect in a crystal Si(111) and using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) criterion.


Recent breakthroughs in algorithms related to deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) have stimulated the development of various of signal processing approaches, where the specific application of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data has spurred widely attention. Inspired by the more efficient distributed training such as inception architecture and residual network, a new feature fusion structure which jointly exploits all the merits of each version is proposed to reduce the data dimensions and the complexity of computation. The detailed procedure presented in this paper consists of the fused features, which make the representation of SAR images more distinguishable after the extraction of a set of features from DCNN, followed by a trainable classifier. In particular, the obtained results on the 10-class benchmark data set demonstrate that the presented architecture can achieve remarkable classification performance to the current state-of-the-art methods.


Cosmological fluids with a Generalized Equation of State (GEoS) are here considered, whose corresponding EoS parameter $\omega$ describes a fluid with phantom behavior, namely $\omega<-1$, but leading to universes free of singularities at any past or future, finite time. Thus avoiding, in particular, the Big Bang and the Big Rip singularities, the last one considered to be typical in phantom fluid models. More specifically, such GEoS fluid cosmologies lead to regular Little Rip universes. A remarkable new property of these solutions is proven here, namely that they avoid the initial singularity at early times; therefore, they are able to describe emergent universes. Solutions of this kind had been studied previously, but only either as late time or as early time solutions; never as solutions covering both epochs simultaneously. Appropriate conditions are proposed here that relate the Little Rip cosmologies with the initial regular universe, for the future and past regimes, respectively. This is done by taking as starting point the conditions under which a given scale factor corresponds to a Little Rip universe.


adolescent idiopathic thoracic rolimis Am Rev R a p lX 1993; 148: 288-94. 20 Irwin MG. Hendenon M. Cardiac arrest during major spinal scoliosis surgery m a patient with Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy undergoing intravenous anaesthesia. Anaesthesia and InrmcivC Gm 1995; 20: 626629 21 Wood KB. Schendel MJ, Dekutoski MF3. Boachie-Adjei 0. Heithoff KH. Thoracic volume changes in scoliosis surgery. Spitu 1996; 6: 718-23. 22 Grundy BL, Nash CL Jr. Brown RH. Deliberate hypotension for spinal fusion: prospective r a n d o d study wth evoked potential monitoring. Canadian Anaetfhcsia sodefy Joumal1982; 29: 452. 23 Patel NJ. Patel BS. Pvlune S . Laufer S. Induced moderate hypotensive anesthesia for spinal hnon and Harrington-rod merumentation. Joumal uf Bac and Joint Surgery (Am) 1985; 67: 1384-87. 24 Dorsey AT, SchwaRE. Stayer SA. Pasquanello CA. Scoliosis surgery: Determinants of blood 1055. Anesthesia and A n a l p ' a 1993; 75: 125-29. FactondetaminingpuLnonaryhmmin 25 Stehling L. Zauder H. Acute normovolemic hemodilution. Transfunon 1991; 31: 857-68. 26 Feldman Jm, RothJV. Bjoraker DG. Maximum blood savings by acute normovolemic hemodilution. Anesfhm'a and Analgecia 1995; 80: 108-11. 27 Dawron EG. Sherman JE. Kanim LE. Nuwer MR. Spinal cord monitoring. Results of the Scoliosis Research Society and the European Spinal Deformity Society Survey. Spine 1991; 16 (8 Suppl): 361-64. 28 Kalkman CJ. Traast H. Zuurmond W, B o d JG. DXerendal effects of propofol and nitrous oxlde on posterior t ibd nerve somatosensory evoked potendas during alfentarul anesthesia. BnrishJoumal of Anaesfhesia I 9 9 1 ; 6 6 483-89. 29 Nuwer MR. Dawron EG, Carlson LG. Kanim LE. Sherman JE. Somatosensory evoked potential spinal cord monitoring reduces neurologic deficits afrer scoliosis surgery: results ofa large multicenter survey. Elecbomrcphabgapy and Clinical Neumphysiology 1995; 96: 6. 30 B-d JM, P k k n Y. Fayet G. G u h h e n c P. Effects of isoilurine and desflurane on neurogetuc motorand romatosensoryevoked potendal monitonng for rohosis surgery. Anesfhmobgy 1996; 85: 1013. 31 Otto S . Diem C. Kdeszynski P. Hopf C, Stanton-Hicks M, Dick W. Postoperative Analgesic bei Spondylodesen mitt&


The mucilage of the root of Abelmoschus manihot, MEDIC is important for production of Korean traditional hand-made paper. This study was proceeded to detect the variation of the amount of free reducing sugars and of the viscosity in the mucilage. The results as follow. 1. The mucilage of the root of Abelmoschus manihot, MEDIC has contained some of free reducing sugars, 2. The viscosity of the mucilage isolated from the root decreases with time at the constant temperature, but the amount of reducing sugars show a little change. 3. The amount of the reducing sugars is not changed on the agitation. 4. When ammonium sulfate solution is added, the viscosity of the mucilage decreases very gradually, and the amount of the free reducing sugars in the mucilage shows a little change.


Background Local recurrence after breast conservation surgery (BCS) varies with clinical risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate how local recurrence rates vary by patient age at time of BCS. Methods With IRB approval, all patients undergoing BCS for primary breast cancer between 1988 and 2001 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester were identified. Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Local recurrence-free survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations with local recurrence-free survival were evaluated using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results 3,075 patients underwent 3,143 BCS between 1988 and 2001. Mean age at BCS was 61 years (range 21-98). There were 177 (5.6%) patients aged On univariate analysis, patients DCIS was associated with an increased risk of local recurrence compared with T1, T2, T3, or T4 disease (HR 2.25; P Multivariate analysis of patients with complete data (n=2126) demonstrated that age Multivariable analysis of local recurrence after BCS Conclusion Risk factors for local recurrence after BCS include young age, node positivity, ER and PR negativity and absence of adjuvant radiation and endocrine therapy. Patients under age 40 are at increased risk of local recurrence following BCS for breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-02.


The Chinese TV English news program has gone through nearly 30 years of development. At the beginning of development, there is a large room for reform in both the type of program and the quality of the program. In the later stage of development, based on stable political factors, high-speed economic development and a more open cultural environment, China's TV English news programs have also undergone qualitative overflights. At present, China's TV English news program needs to pay more attention to communication and cooperation with international media in order to truly obtain its proper status.


Signaling through inhibitory NK cell receptors determines the distribution, and hence responsiveness, of activating receptors. Corralling Receptors Coordination of the signaling of activating and inhibitory surface receptors determines the responsiveness of natural killer (NK) cells. The engagement of inhibitory receptors specific for self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I is critical to the "education" of NK cells so that they can recognize "self" and become competent effector cells. However, NK cells lacking such inhibitory receptors do not become autoreactive; instead, they become unresponsive to stimulation of their activating receptors. Guia et al. used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to determine the membrane distribution of activating and inhibitory receptors in mouse NK cells that were either hyporesponsive or competent. This analysis revealed that in the absence of self MHC class I–specific inhibitory receptors, activating and other inhibitory receptors were confined to areas of membrane associated with an actin-rich meshwork. However, engagement of self MHC class I–specific inhibitory receptors triggered the movement of activating receptors out of the actin-rich region and into distinct membrane nanodomains that were more favorable for signaling. Thus, NK cells that fail to become educated remain unresponsive because of the confinement of their activating receptors. Natural killer (NK) cell tolerance to self is partly ensured by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–specific inhibitory receptors on NK cells, which dampen their reactivity when engaged. However, NK cells that do not detect self MHC class I are not autoreactive. We used dynamic fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to show that MHC class I–independent NK cell tolerance in mice was associated with the presence of hyporesponsive NK cells in which both activating and inhibitory receptors were confined in an actin meshwork at the plasma membrane. In contrast, the recognition of self MHC class I by inhibitory receptors "educated" NK cells to become fully reactive, and activating NK cell receptors became dynamically compartmentalized in membrane nanodomains. We propose that the confinement of activating receptors at the plasma membrane is pivotal to ensuring the self-tolerance of NK cells.


We construct one multi-sender authentication code by algebraic combination method from eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix over nite elds. Some parameters and the probabilities of three kinds of successful attack of this code are also computed. For multi-sender authentication code, it allows a group of senders to construct an authenticated message for a receiver such that the receiver can verify authenticity of the received message.


The double-wall oil tank is more and more widely used in filling station due to the characteristics of corrosion protection, safety and economy. However, the outer tank of SF double oil tank has thinner wall thickness and lower strength, improper installation method may cause damage to the tank. In this paper, a simplified finite element model of double tank is established according to the structural characteristics of SF double-wall oil tank. Focusing on the 20 m 3 , 30 m 3 and 50 m 3 oil tanks which are widely used in the current gas stations, the deformation and stress distribution of the oil tanks under different bearing width and support position are calculated by ANSYS software respectively. Taking the 30 m3 oil tank as an example, the deformation, stress distribution characteristics and the influence of the bearing support position on the stress distribution are analyzed in detail, which would provide guidance for selecting the reasonable size and position of supporting bearing under double supports installation mode.


The invention aims at providing a puncture outfit positioning ring with positioning holes, and the puncture outfit positioning ring is used for fixing a puncture sheath. The puncture outfit positioning ring comprises a sleeve tube with a longitudinal through hole in the middle, and two or more ear handles, wherein an inner thread correspondingly engaged with an outer thread arranged on the outer wall of the puncture sheath of the puncture outfit is arranged on the inner side wall of the through hole; the puncture sheath of the puncture outfit is sleeved with the sleeve tube, and the sleeve tube can move up and down outside the puncture sheath and can be fixed outside the puncture sheath; the ear handles are uniformly distributed on the outer wall surface of the sleeve tube; the positioning holes for running through the ear handles are formed in the ear handles. The puncture outfit positioning ring is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and can be used for effectively fixing the puncture sheath, controlling the depth of the puncture sheath on the abdominal wall and enabling the puncture sheath to be difficultly pulled out or further extend into the abdominal cavity of a human body when in use.


One of our members recently contacted us because he is concerned that more and more blog correspondence from online audiences amounts to a public expression of hate, bigotry and prejudice, despite editorial policies that state that inappropriate material will not be published. Writer and online publisher Mark Bahnisch considers free speech and online opinion.


PART I Introduction: Scale and Scope 1. The Modem Industrial Enterprise 2. Scale, Scope, and Organizational Capabilities The New Institution Historical Attributes Economies of Scale and Scope in Production Economies of Scale and Scope in Distribution Building the Integrative Hierarchy First-Mover Advantages and Oligopolistic Competition Continuing Growth of the Modern Enterprise Horizontal and Vertical Combination Geographical Expansion and Product Diversification The Modern Enterprise in Labor-Intensive Industries PART II The United States: Competitive Managerial Capitalism


Quantum well (QW) lasers are now being made routinely due to the remarkably well-developed OMVPE, MBE, and related epitaxial growth techniques. Because of the quantization, with consequent modification of the density of states of the injected electrons and holes in an extremely thin active layer, this type of lasers has been demonstrated to be superior to conventional double heterostructure (DH) lasers e.g. in threshold current, differential gain, characteristic temperature, maximum operating temperature, and power conversion efficiency. Recently, strained-layer structures with the QW layer composed of a semiconductor having a significantly different lattice parameter to the substrate material, have been introduced. The built-in strain resulting from the tetragonal distortion of the QW layer, splits the degeneracy of the heavy hole (HH) and light hole (LH) bands at the zone centre facilitating a new range of band structures for further enhanced device performance [1,2]. To date, strained-layer QW lasers showing enhanced performance over lattice matched QW and DH lasers emitting at visible (Al/sub x/Ga/sub y/ln/sub 1-x-y/P/GaAs), near infrared (AI/sub xGa/sub y/ln/sub 1-x-y/As/GaAs, employing AlGaAs or InGaP cladding layers) and long wavelengths (ln/sub x/Ga1.,As,P,_,/lnP and AI,Ga/sub y/ln/sub 1-x-y/As/InP) have been reported. This paper reviews the present state of the art in lattice matched and strained-layer MQW lasers in the above mentioned materials systems.


With help of EQrot1and zero order Raviart-Thomas elements,a new nonconforming mixed elements approximation scheme for nonlinear sine-Gordon equations is proposed,which can satisfy Brezzi-Babuka condition antomatically.By use of two special properties of EQrot1element:(i)the consistency error is of order O(h2)one order higher than its interpolation error O(h),when the exact solution belongs to H3(Ω);(ii)the interpolation operator is equivalent to its Riesz-prejection operator,the superclose properties and superconvergence results of original variable uand flux variable p in H1-norm and L2-norm are deduced for semi-discrete scheme with accurary analysis result and interpolation post-processing technique,respectively.At the same time,the corresponding optimal order error estimates of are obtained for a second order fully-discrete scheme.


Light curves of 3C 279 are presented in optical (R band), X-rays (RXTE/PCA), and γ rays (CGRO/EGRET) for 1999 January-February and 2000 January-March. During both of those epochs the γ-ray levels were high and all three observed bands demonstrated substantial variation, on timescales as short as 1 day. Correlation analyses provided no consistent pattern, although a rather significant optical/γ-ray correlation was seen in 1999, with a γ-ray lag of ~2.5 days, and there are other suggestions of correlations in the light curves. For comparison, correlation analysis is also presented for the γ-ray and X-ray light curves during the large γ ray flare in 1996 February and the two γ-bright weeks leading up to it; the correlation at that time was strong, with a γ-ray/X-ray offset of no more than 1 day.


This article reports on a Career Planning Agreement (CPA) designed by The University of Brighton. The CPA aims to embed careers planning in degree programmes, in response to national guidance. This article looks at the approach adopted jointly by the Department of Geography and the Careers Centre and highlights the way in which departmental and careers staff have successfully introduced the CPA through the design and development of a Careers module. The success of the Geography initiative is borne out by the fact that other degree programmes are adopting similar modules throughout the rest of the University.


In her introduction the author states that the purpose of her book is "to introduce variety or flexibility into the prescribed diet." To this end she has translated diet prescription to menu to recipe. The latter are arranged to fit the widely used ADA diet exchange lists, and each has appended its equivalent exchange value. The stated purpose has been admirably achieved. The physician may, with confidence recommend this book to the diabetic patient and the person who cooks for him.


Direct space-charge force shifts incoherent tunes downwards from the coherent ones breaking the Landau mechanism of coherent oscillations damping at high beam intensity. To restore it nonlinear elements can be employed which move back tunes of large amplitude particles. In the present report we consider the possibility of creating a "nonlinear integrable optics" insertion in the Fermilab Recycler to host either octupoles or hollow electron lens for this purpose. For comparison we also consider the classic scheme with distributed octupole families. It is shown that for the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP II) parameters the required nonlinear tune shift can be created without destroying the dynamic aperture.


Two new mite species belonging to the genus Stereotydeus Berlese, 1901 were discovered from locations along the coast of Victoria Land, continental Antarctica. Previous records of this genus in the area under study only reported the presence of S. belli and S. mollis. Although those studies included no morphological analyses, it has since been assumed that only these species were present within the area. Specimens of S. ineffabilis sp. nov. and S. nunatakis sp. nov. were obtained, sometimes in sympatry, from four different localities in Central and South Victoria Land and are here described and illustrated using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Features useful for identification of the two new Stereotydeus species include the size of the specimens, the length of the apical segment of pedipalps, the presence/absence of division of the femora, the position of solenidia, the shape and disposition of the rhagidiform organs on the tarsi, the shape of the apical setae of the tarsi, the numbers of aggenital setae and the position of the anal opening. A key to 14 of the 15 currently described Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Stereotydeus species is provided.


This paper analyzed the effect of wind loadings on high-rise building for different terrain categories. The wind speed and design wind pressure for the different terrain categories adopted for this study were calculated as per logarithmic wind profile equation and BS6399-2:1997 respectively. Also, the nodal displacement of a 3D high-rise building model with reference to the calculated design wind loads were performed using finite element analysis software(STADDPROV8I). From the result obtained, it was shown that Terrain category IV when compared to other terrain categories recorded lower wind speed and pressure from the ground to a height of about 10m. The writers also observed that at greater terrain category(TC4), the wind speed and pressure tends to be much higher at the top floors(10m-48m) of the high-rise building whereas, terrain categories (TC3, TC2, TC1) recorded lower wind speed and pressure at that same height(10m-48m). this disparity however was discovered to be due to a phenomenon known as gust effect. Also, the nodal displacement for the different terrain category (TC4, TC3, TC2 and TC1) on each floor of the high-rise building increased uniformly in respective pattern as the height of the 3D model increases.  In conclusion, the authors therefore remark "the greater the terrain category, the lowest is the wind speed in the roughness sub layer and the longer height it takes to reach gradient wind speed".