The present work reported that the adsorption of Chromium(VI) from aqueous solution using locally available wood charcoal. It was found to be giving poor removal efficiency of Cr(VI) in water. Therefore, an attempt has been made to modify wood charcoal by oxidizing agent such as hydrochloric acid and also nanoparticles consisting of Iron oxide nanoparticles which were loaded on the treated wood charcoal for the preparation of a new nanosorbent, Fe3O4-TWC. The treated WC and Fe3O4-TWC was characterized by SEM and XRD techniqes. Experimental data were exploited for equilibrium, kinetic and isothermal evaluations related to the adsorption processes. The Cr(VI) adsorption process was found to be favourable at pH 4.0 and it reached equilibrium time of 240 min for WC (15%), 100 min for TWC (82%) and 60 min (96%) for Fe3O4 –TWC. Kinetic studies show that the overall adsorption rate of Cr (VI) is illustrated well by Pseudo second order kinetics than the Pseudo first order kinetics. Isothermal studies were conducted at an initial chromium concentration in the range of 5.0 to 20.0 mg/L to assess its adsorption efficiency with respect to water. The equilibrium data were well fitted by Freundlich isotherm as R=0.997.


Solar technology is becoming increasingly popular. For example, the production of solar cells quadrupled in the 1999-2004 period, with a capacity of four gigawatts worldwide. Renewable energy including solar power produces few or no harmful emissions and it is becoming increasingly important to exploit it in the future. This paper presents a literature review of the application of numerous types of solar technology in buildings in Malaysia and identifies the challenges faced. Although several newly constructed green buildings use solar technology, Malaysia has yet to accept it wholesale. If solar technology is to be adopted widely, then both public and private sectors must cooperate to provide large-scale financial incentives and produce specialists in solar technology. As the first step, the government has established the Low Energy Office and the Green Energy Office, which use passive solar design and photovoltaic systems in their own buildings. However, the private sector has yet to follow suit. It is anticipated that the application of solar technology in buildings will encourage sustainable development when all non-renewable energy sources decrease significantly. If people do not recognise the potential of such technology in daily life, it will soon be too late.


"Just as education holds the key to the future in the new South Africa, so educational technology holds the key to the future in the SA Defence Force." In the last few months it has become increasingly obvious that momentous changes are occurring in South Africa. From all sides of the political spectrum, political figures are making announcements and pronouncements about a "new South Africa" and the conditions which will need to be met in order to realise that ideal. While many of the changes are occurring outside the sphere of influence of the SA Defence Force (SADF), nonetheless it is being and will be affected by those changes. One has only to think of the effects of the implementation of United Nations Resolution 435 on the role and structure of the SADF; the change in the National Service system; the release of Mr Nelson Mandela; the ongoing re-organisation to provide for these and the changes necessary to provide for the year 2000 and beyond to realise the magnitude of the effects of those changes on the SADF.


This study aimed to complete K-ras mutation analysis, effective at indicating the development of head-neck cancers, of tumor tissue samples from patients with cancer of the larynx to determine the frequency in our region.Tissue samples obtained from tumors of 41 patients with diagnosis of larynx cancer were genetically analyzed for K-ras mutation. The results are discussed in light of information in the literature.Of patients 40 were male (97.5%) and 1 was female (2.5%). The average age of males was 63.5 years (50-81) while the female was 44. K-ras mutation was observed in 2 cases (4.87%), one at codon 12 (G12A) and one at codon 13 (G13D), during genetic investigation.During development of cancer the effects of 3 classes of gene are important (protooncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes). Molecular events beginning squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck include other genetic events apart from ras mutations. Studies have shown that the rate of K-ras mutations is not very high.


This paper examines the required energy for the magnetization and demagnetization of magnets in a spoke type AlNiCo-based variable-flux machine and studies the torque characteristics of this machine at different magnetization levels. The low coercivity magnet in this machine can be magnetized or demagnetized using a short-time current pulse with negligible Ohmic loss. An advanced method is proposed to estimate the required energy for magnet demagnetization or magnetization to a specific level. A test procedure is developed to measure the energy that is injected to the variable-flux machine during the demagnetization and magnetization procedures. Since this machine has the ability to operate at various magnetization levels, it is of great importance to obtain the torque characteristics such as torque mean value, the peak to peak value of the torque, as well as the torque ripple, at different operating conditions. A static torque measurement test procedure using a variable speed drive system is developed to measure the torque waveform of the variable-flux machine at different magnetization levels. The verified finite element model of the variable-flux machine is used to analyze the harmonic content of the back-emf and the no-load air gap flux density at different levels of magnetization.


The so-called "private writings" - autobiographies, letters, travel journals, diaries - allow us to analyze the possible interstices between the private and the public sphere in a historical moment in which legal rights were clearly pre-defined according to gender. In this sense, "private writings" permit us to reflect upon women's strategies to speak their own minds in the public arena, in a context in which they were confined to the domestic sphere. My starting point is the insoluble conflict put forward by one of the first male voices to stand for women's rights in Argentina - the Socialist Enrique Del Valle Iberlucea - in order to analyze the ways in which women's citizenship is narrated - lived? Represented? - by women themselves. For that, I examine both the reports of female-writer's travel journals and those of a schoolteacher: Ada Maria Elflein (1880-1919).


The densitometrical study of bone tissue in the period of impairment of menstruation functions in teenagers is performed. It is shown, that the hormonal changes underlying of this pathology, may have negative influence to bone density. It is scientifically prove that study of bone system by means of X-ray absorptiometrition is modern, exact and prospective method of diagnostics of osteopeniс syndrome.


The utility model discloses a multi-station punching machine, which comprises a punching mold, wherein the punching mold comprises an upper mold and a lower mold, the upper mold can be relatively combined with or separated from the lower mold, at least two mold cavities for containing plate materials are formed by the lower surface of the upper mold and the upper surface of the lower mold when the upper mold and the lower mold are combined, the mold cavities are mutually parallel, clamping mechanisms in the same number as the mold cavities are arranged outside the punching mold, each clamping mechanism corresponds to one mold cavity, the plate materials are fixedly arranged on the clamping mechanisms and are positioned on the same horizontal plane as the mold cavities, racks are arranged on the clamping mechanisms, the rack line directions of the racks arranged between the adjacent clamping mechanisms are opposite, in addition, gears are arranged between the two racks, the gears are respectively engaged with the two racks, a connecting plate is fixedly arranged on the upper mold or the lower mold, a horizontal chute is formed in the connecting plate, and the clamping mechanisms are fixedly arranged in the chute and can slide along the chute.


The antisymmetric square of the adjoint representation of any simple Lie algebra is equal to the sum of adjoint and X2 representations. We present universal formulae for quantum dimensions of an arbitrary Cartan power of X2, and analyze them for singular cases and permuted universal Vogel's parameters. X2 has been the only representation in the decomposition of the square of the adjoint with unknown universal series. Application to universal knot polynomials is discussed.


Haricot bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important cash crops and export commodities besides its use in human food and soil fertility improvement. Phosphorus (P) is one of the major bio-elements that limits agricultural production. However, phosphate-solubilizing fungi play a noteworthy role in increasing the bioavailability of soil phosphates for plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects phosphate solubilizing fungi on the growth of haricot bean plants. Cultural and morphological features were used to tentatively identify the fungal isolates to genus level. Based In vitro phosphate solubilization efficieny conducted in both solid and liquid PVK medium following standard procedures, two best isolates were selected and evaluated under greenhouse for their performance on haricot bean. Under greenhouse experiment, shoot height (47.31 cm plant -1 ), root length (41.01 cm plant -1 ), nodule number (65.67 plant -1 ), nodule dry weight (0.59 g plant -1 ), shoot fresh weight (62.73 g plant -1 ), shoot dry weight (14.33 g plant -1 ), number of pod (12.89 plant -1 ), 50-seed weight (35.89 g plant -1 ), P content (0.59%) and N content (1.96%) were significantly increased by co-inoculation of two isolates (PSFAP) in the soil amended with rock phosphate (RP) compared to control. Moreover, the highest number of leaves (59.55 leaves plant -1 ) and root fresh weight (14.19 g plant -1 ) were recorded as a result of inoculation with isolate PSFP compared to control. The present study indicated the presence of potential plant associated fungi that possess phytobeneficial traits for extending their use as microbial biofertilizers after testing their suitability for the desired purpose.


Shaft one kind of roundness error and jitter measuring instrument and clinical testing, is a mechanical dimensional error of the geometric precision measurement technology, particularly to large shaft runout and circularity error clinical test methods and test equipment. The present invention proposes the use of error separation precision measurement method using two or more sensing elements can simultaneously and roundness error Shaft runout, the runout end surface, suitable for a large diameter shaft is greater than the clinically measured 250MM, easy operation, accuracy of better than ± 1μm, the system error is less than 0.25μm.


The presence and use of petroleum in the Los Angeles area date back to prehistoric times. The automobile-driven Black Gold Rush of the 1890s fueled the emergence of Los Angeles and its port at San Pedro. But oil also had its downsides. The following speakers will address oil-based growth, problems, remedies, and culture.


New performance indicators giving star ratings to NHS hospital trusts in England mark the end of "the culture of excuse and inevitability," health secretary Alan Milburn said this week.

The system rates 173 non- specialist hospitals in England according to performance on a wide range of indicators, including waiting times from GP referral to first outpatient appointments; vacancies in medical staffing; and the percentage of patients waiting on trolleys for more than four hours.

Thirty five hospital trusts have been awarded three stars, 103 received two stars, 23 were given one star, and …


ABSTRACT The Experience Music Project (EMP) in Seattle is an interactive museum dedicated to rock 'n' roll and other forms of popular music. This article briefly traces the history of EMP, lists some highlights of the collection, and discusses the development of rules and tools used in cataloging the artifacts and their digital reproductions. Also included is a description of the EMP Digital Collection, a database available to the public through an onsite Digital Lab and on the Web. A user survey intended to gauge the effectiveness of the Digital Collection concludes the article.


It is presented how to use the fuzzy-PID methodology to control Buck converter with the average state space method. The fuzzy regulators are used to tune the gams of the PID controllers. With this method, the output voltage can be controlled accurately. The simulations and experiments show the great accuracy improvement.


Head detection is a key problem for automated passenger counting systems. In recent decades, considerable effort has been expended to develop an accurate and reliable head detector. However, head detection is still a challenging task because of problems caused by variations in pose and occlusions. Recently, general object detection algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), such as Faster R-CNN, SSD and YOLO, have been successful. However, these algorithms require the use of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for real-time performance. In this study, we focused on developing real-time head detection in an embedded system. Starting with the Tiny-YOLOv3 network, we applied the following strategies to achieve real-time performance in a non-GPU environment. First, we reduced the input image size to 224x224. Second, we added an extra yolo layer to detect smaller heads. Third, we removed batch normalization. Finally, we conducted depthwise separable convolution rather than traditional convolution. Three public datasets, HollywoodHeads, SCUT_HEAD, and CrowdHuman, were exploited to train and test the proposed network, and Average Precision (AP) at Intersection over Unit (IoU) = 0.5 were used to evaluate the tests. Experimental results showed that the proposed network perform better and faster than Tiny-YOLOv3.


The offshore operation sinker wheel machine comprises the main floating box, stable floating box, leg well, lift hydraulic jack, push hydraulic jack, crane, with each part detachable. The main floating box is in enclosed boat structure, with the middle installed with crane, fore and back installed with linking beam, with the end installed with stabilizing floating box that installs with leg well and lift hydraulic jack and push hydraulic jack at the rear of the main floating box. Due to the tow jacks, it can solve the displacement of the sinker wheel machine. The crane can meet the needs for construction and goods unloading. It mainly applies to offshore hoisting operation or loading alike jobs.


Watershed Sciences, Inc. (WSI) collected Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data of the Oregon Keno Study Area for the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI). The Oregon LiDAR Consortium's (OLC) Keno project area encompasses approximately 200,000 acres in Klamath County near the Oregon-California state border and surrounds a portion of the Klamath River. The data were collected between May 19 - August 17, 2012 with a resolution of eight pulses per square meter. The bare earth Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are at a 3 ft grid cell size. In addition to the bare earth Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), the lidar point data, are also available. These data are available for custom download here: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=6354


The present study examines the challenges and the rewards of assessing learning in a seminar on corruption which is taught in a country (Iraq) where political corruption is seen as the main source of structural instability and sectarian tensions. It specifically focuses on the role of culturally relevant pedagogy in defining the most suitable summative assessment. To this end, essay test questions were developed concerning the relevance of political corruption, the impact of investigative journalism, the role of humor in investigative journalism, and the appropriate remedies (besides journalism) to political corruption. In students' responses, investigative journalism (with or without humor) was consistently reported to be a dangerous undertaking, but disagreement emerged on its effectiveness as one of the possible remedies for corruption. Dishonesty was seen as the universal cancer of political systems and thus difficult to extirpate, albeit some systems (e.g., Al-Muhasasa) were seen as tolerating it more than others. In our study, the qualitative examination of students' responses served three objectives: (a) it offered evidence about the extent to which culturally relevant pedagogy was realized in the course; (b) it served to put forth a proposal on how students' test responses can inform teaching and assessment in future offerings of the course; and more broadly, (c) it synopsized the views of a sample of college students who represent the population upon whom the country heavily relies for its economic and political recovery.


Young people are distinguished as a social group with the capacity to drive new behaviours and understandings in today's society. However, most young people consider that people in charge of decision-making processes are not addressing their concerns. The WYRED project proposes a framework for citizen science based on a technological ecosystem to promote the transfer of perspectives, ideas, and knowledge among young people and decision-makers on issues related to the digital society. The work goal is to analyse the model proposed through a citizen science case study centred in identifying the ideas and opinions of children and young people between 7 and 30 years old, concerning gender stereotypes on the Internet. A total of 69 children and young people from Belgium, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom have interacted for two weeks in a private space guaranteed by the defined ecosystem. The results of the analysis of the interaction between young people and facilitators (with different profiles: educators, researchers and decision-makers) demonstrate that the use of technological ecosystems to sustain the development of citizen science projects allows for the improvement of knowledge transfer processes between children and young people with stakeholders, as well as the analysis of these processes.


Road safety system has been a concern topic for many scholars worldwide. Although there are many analysis papers on road traffic accident prevention, security, emergency rescue, safety evaluation and other aspects, there is no a thorough and complete opinion on road safety system. The study of these issues can cause a traffic accident prevention, to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents, summing up the spread of some of the impact of traffic on the control of the effective ways to combat the public security organs to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents guidance.


The stable few-walled carbon nanotube (FWCNT)/methyltrimethoxysilane sol mixture solution was successfully prepared by direct mixing of H2O2-treated FWCNT solution and silane sol. The stabilization of the solution was achieved by the intermolecular interaction between the hydroxyl groups on the FWCNTs and silanol groups in silane sol. FWCNT/silane sol hybrid thin films were then deposited on the model surfaces treated with piranha solution and silane molecules containing different end functionalities of NH2, CH3, and CF3 by spraying. The water contact angles of the model surfaces could be tuned from 112° to below 5°. It was found that a hydrophilic surface is more effective than a hydrophobic one in improving the conductivity of thin films by forming the uniform film structure, while the dewetting of the FWCNT/silane sol mixture solution on the most hydrophobic surface (CF3) slightly improved the transparency of the films.


High fidelity qubit readout is critical in order to obtain the thresholds needed to implement quantum error correction protocols and achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. Large-scale silicon qubit devices will have densely-packed arrays of quantum dots with multiple charge sensors that are, on average, farther away from the quantum dots, entailing a reduction in readout fidelities. Here, we present a readout technique that enhances the readout fidelity in a linear SiMOS 4-dot array by amplifying correlations between a pair of single-electron transistors, known as a twin SET. By recording and subsequently correlating the twin SET traces as we modulate the dot detuning across a charge transition, we demonstrate a reduction in the charge readout infidelity by over one order of magnitude compared to traditional readout methods. We also study the spin-to-charge conversion errors introduced by the modulation technique, and conclude that faster modulation frequencies avoid relaxation-induced errors without introducing significant spin flip errors, favouring the use of the technique at short integration times. This method not only allows for faster and higher fidelity qubit measurements, but it also enhances the signal corresponding to charge transitions that take place farther away from the sensors, enabling a way to circumvent the reduction in readout fidelities in large arrays of qubits.


The flicker noise (1 / f γ ) of short-channel MOSFETs measured under different drain bias conditions at 77K and 300K will be presented in this paper, i.e., the drain bias and temperature dependences of the exponent γ on 1 / f r noise in DDD n-MOSFETs were studied in the ohmic region. The results showed that γ in the drain-to-source voltage noise spectrum S Vd, were increased significantly with V ds for L= 1.2 μm at 77K and 300K. In other channel lengths, such as L= 1.6, 2.0, and 5.0 μm, constant values of γ in the noise spectrum S v were observed. The threshold voltage V th decreased notably with V ds for L= 1.2 μm samples at 77K and 300K. These phenomena imply that the threshold voltage shift has predominant effect on the exponent γ of the S vd flicker noise as the drain voltage and temperature varies.


In order to address the possible change of the Hadley circulation in response to global warming in the future,the ability of coupled climate models in simulating the temporal and spatial features of Hadley circulation is assessed by a comparison with the observation during 1970-1999.On this basis,three models which can well reproduce the spatial structure and the temporal change of the intensity and expansion of Hadley circulation are selected as the ensemble to project its possible change under the A1B scenario.The projection results show that the Northern Hemispheric Hadley circulation tends to weaken in four seasons but with weaker change in spring during the late 21st century(2070-2099) as compared to the period 1970-1979.The Southern Hemispheric Hadley circulation will also weaken in winter and summer,while its change in spring and autumn is not significant.In addition,except a southward shift in summer,the Hadley circulation in the Northern Hemisphere will exhibit a northward expansion in the other three seasons during the late 21st century.The Hadley circulation in the Southern Hemisphere will move poleward in all seasons.Moreover,the upward shift of the Hadley circulation in the vertical may appear in both hemispheres in a warmer climate.


fluids: easy and safe handling, thermal stability, environmental sustainability, water pollution, global warming potential (GWP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), flammability, explosion hazard,


Submitted for the HAW05 Meeting of The American Physical Society Testing the predictive power of nuclear-structure models against new experimental data PETER MOLLER, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 — Nuclear masses are of paramount importance in studies and modeling of nuclear reactions since the reaction Q values can be obtained from the masses involved. Reliable mass models are of paramount importance to provide masses to nuclear data bases for nuclei for which no experimental masses are available. A key question is: Are the masses calculated for nuclei in unknown regions reliable?. We argue that when evaluating mass models one needs in addition to address 1) if the basis of the model is sound, 2) if it is general enough to provide additional nuclear structure quantities, not just nuclear masses, and 3) if the model is global so that it is possible to calculate these properties for any or almost any nucleus with proton number Z and neutron number N . Using the above starting points we comment on several different mass models that are currently in use, in particular we compare the model deviations from measured masses in the Audi 2003 evaluations and to α-decay energies from the heaviest elements and discuss the different physics of the models. Peter Moller Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 Date submitted: 25 May 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: single mechanism for transferring torque to engine assemblies includes gas-dynamically coupled coaxial shafts of high-pressure rotors (HPHs) and low-pressure rotors (LPD) of the gas generator module and the rotor shaft of the power turbine module. The mechanism includes a central conical transmission, a conical drive, reducers of RPM and RND speed sensors and a module of drives of aggregates GG (MPA GG) installed on the intermediate housing of the gas generator module (GGM). MPA GG has a body on the bottom and lid which mounted units: gas or electric starter, centrifugal prompter, no more than two blocks of oil pumps, booster, oil aggregate, gear pump, generator, and manually scrolling shaft RPM. Gearboxes drives of the mentioned units are installed inside the MPA GG with the formation of unified ramified system gear reported via the EEC and KP shaft RPM in the normal mode of operation of the engine and to the starter to start the engine. EFFECT: increasing the efficiency and more than double the increase in engine life. 9 cl, 3 dwg


Objective To investigate the expressions of aromatase (Arom) and survivin (Surv) in primary hepatocarcinoma(PHC), and explore their relationships with the clinicopathology of PHC. Methods The specimens from 47 patients with PHC were fixed in 10% formalin and routinely embedded in paraffin. The specimens were continuously sliced into 4 μm-thick sections. ABC immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expressions of Arom and Surv with polyclonal antibodies and scored them under high-power microscopy. Results The positive rates and the scores of Arom and Surv in cancer tissues were significantly higher than those of the para-tumor tissues 〔Arom: 40.43% vs 21.28% (P0.05), 1.53±1.69 vs 0.79±1.41 (P0.05); Surv: 63.83% vs 31.91% (P0.01), 2.40±1.96 vs 1.45±1.80 (P0.05)〕. The score of Surv in tumors with the maximal diameter 5 cm (4.00±2.10) was significantly higher than that in tumors with the maximal diameter ≥5 cm (2.17±1.86), P0.05. However, there was no relationship between the expressions of Arom and Surv in PHCs and other clinicopathologic features of the PHCs. The positive correlation was found between the score of Arom and that of Surv in PHCs (r=0.316,P0.05). Conclusion The expressions of Arom and Surv might be closely related to the carcinogenesis and development of PHC.


Culture shapes the expression of mental illness as well as the pathways to mental health care. The prevalence of seeking the help of Indigenous healers for mental health problems is more common in the Southern part of Karnataka, where, having the belief of supernatural causation of mental illness, people of this region worship Spirits (Bhootas) and conduct spirit dance rituals to seek the solution for mental health problems. Though few healers have some success stories in treating a person with mental health problems, due to lack of knowledge, some of the practice of the healers associated with potential harms.
The study was undertaken in the Udupi district of Karnataka State for which, One group pre-test post-test experimental design was used to assess the pre and post-test mental health knowledge of the Indigenous healers. Snowball sampling was used to collect data from 100 spirit dancers and self- prepared mental health intervention module was used to impart information about mental health to the Indigenous healers.
Organized and well-trained indigenous healers could play a crucial role in providing better community mental health care, therefore it is very much essential for every mental health professional to understand the need for enhancing mental health knowledge of the traditional healers.


Foreign immigrant workers, as same as native workers, have rights at work and social security. But, in Korea, foreign immigrant workers have not. Somebody of them work as trainee, or others work in spites of illegal visa. So, to tell the truth, the employers have used to impose forced labor, delay to pay wage, disregard safety of workplace and accident compensation, and disturb freedom of association. Besides, national health insurance and accident compensation insurance has not been applied in their case. The law and policy for foreign immigrant workers shall change form illegal work to legal work. The Act of Foreign Workers (2003) is well, for beginning work permit system, but not well, in that the system progresses partially. We should persevere in one's efforts to acknowledge and accept foreign immigrant workers in our country, as someone of us.


The TDMA-based dynamic guard channel scheme supports prioritized call admission control and adapts new call and handoff request admission priorities in response to nonstationary request arrivals or loading. We present an adjusted multimode dynamic guard bandwidth (AM-DGB) scheme that extends the blocked-calls-dropped dynamic guard bandwidth concept to CDMA-based systems, supporting multiple admission priority classes, based on request types and traffic classes. AM-DGB employs operation modes that temporarily block one or more lower-priority classes completely when pure dynamic guard operation is unable to keep long-term blocking rates under predefined targeted thresholds. Analytical and simulation results show that AM-DGB is able to maintain consistent performance guarantees in terms of dropping probabilities.


Nitrenoid-mediated C–H insertion and cycloaddition reactions are gaining increasing importance in modern organic synthesis. However, the nitrene-mediated benzene ring expansion, which constitutes a potent tool for breaking the benzene ring, has sparely been explored for synthetic purposes. Herein we report that nitrene cycloaddition to the benzene ring can be enabled intramolecularly by iron catalysis. By using FeCl2 and N-heterocyclic carbene SIPr HCl as the catalyst, α-azido-N-phenylamides can be converted to 1,3-dihydro-2H-azepin-2-ones in good yield through a novel skeleton rearrangement. The rearrangement features a cascade of nitrene cycloaddition, C–N cleavage, water addition and electrocyclic ring-opening. In case that the N-phenyl ring is substituted with a methoxy group at the meta or para position, azepin-2-one-fused imidazolinones can also be obtained. The present reactions provide an effective method for benzene ring expansion as well as for the preparation of azepin-2-one compounds.


The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in England were a time of rapid change, of bitter tensions, and of great hopes. This was what the economic historians describe as the "classical period" of the Industrial Revolution. These were also years in which new vitality of faith and a spate of educational and reform movements issued from the Evangelical movement within British Protestantism. Indeed, the energetic hopefulness of Evangelicalism was the child of industrial and commercial expansion as well as of renewed Christian vision. Though England suffered no such violent overthrow of authority as France, yet both industrial progress and Evangelical sense of responsibility produced a critical attitude toward the status quo in state and Church.


The first electronic transition of substitutional H− and D− ions in CsI has been measured between 8 and 300°K. The absorption peak of the U band is located at 4.60 eV at 8°K. A small blue shift of 0.015 eV is observed upon replacing H− by D−. The method of moments has been employed to analyze the U‐band shape. The temperature‐induced broadening of the half‐width and the shift of the peak is explained in terms of an effective phonon frequency representing the phonon spectrum of the host lattice.


A man presented in late fall with a progressive rash on his hands, arms, back, chest, and feet after a hiking trip.


A numerically very efficient simulation method for the analysis of arbitrarily shaped power-bus structures on printed-circuit boards is presented. It is based on a 2D contour integral-equation method in combination with a subsequent macromodeling step, for simulation in time- and frequency domain. For this purpose a vector-fitting approach is applied, yielding a SPICE-compatible equivalent circuit representation of the power bus. The presented approaches allow us to embed the power planes as a linear N port into a circuit simulator, in order to perform a complete analysis of a power-bus system with active and passive components and the complete decoupling circuitry. The accuracy of the suggested method is validated by independent 3D-full wave simulations and experimental results.


A series of new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn(1,2-pda)(bipy)(H2O)2]n (1), [Zn(1,3-pda) (bipy)(H2O)]n·nH2O (2), [Zn(1,4-pda)(bipy)]n·nCH3OH (3), [Zn(1,2-pda)(dpe)]n·3nH2O (4), and [Zn(1,3-pda)(bpa)]n·2nH2O (5) [H2pda = phenylenediacetic acid, bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine, dpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, bpa = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane] have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The structure determination reveals that complex 1 is a 2D layered network and exhibits a typical (4,4) topological net, which further assembles into a 3D two-fold interpenetrated pcu topology when hydrogen bonding interactions are considered. Complex 2 shows a 2D (5,2)-connected topological network via hydrogen bonding interactions based on the 1D double-chains. For complex 3, when the 1,4-pda ligands act as a three-connected node, the 2D double-layered structure displays a unique (5,3)-connected topology with a Schlafli symbol (42,67,8)(42,6). Complex 4 features a rare 3D three-fold interpenetrated diamondoid framework (dia, 66 topology) with (2.2.1) Hopf links and (6.3.3) Torus links, and the helical water chains are encased in the 1D neighboring channels. Complex 5 is a 2D corrugated net with a Schlafli symbol (44,62), and the puckered nature of the layers assembles them to interpenetrate in an unusual 2D → 3D parallel fashion. Particularly, a discrete tetramer water cluster, (H2O)4, is located in the crystal lattice of 5. The structural differences demonstrate that the backbones of the phenylenediacetic acids are a key point to form the final metal–ligand coordination polymers. Moreover, the fluorescent properties of complexes 1–5 were studied in the solid state at room temperature.


In this paper, a method for optimizing the parameters of Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) system installed on the generators of a multi-machine power system using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques is presented. Each AVR system is equipped with a PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) controller and a Power System Stabilizer (PSS). Two methods are presented, which are the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The robustness of the AI algorithms is examined by studying the time-domain behavior of the system following different disturbances. The AI techniques provide a much simpler way to solve this non-linear system compared to classical techniques. Keywords: multi-machine power system stability, AVR system, power system stabilizer, PID controller, particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm.


In this study, a new CE method, employing a binary system of trimethyl‐β‐CD (TM‐β‐CD) and a chiral amino acid ester‐based ionic liquid (AAIL), was developed for the chiral separation of seven 2‐arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In particular, the enantioseparation of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, carprofen, indoprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen, and fenoprofen was improved significantly by supporting the BGE with the chiral AAIL l‐alanine tert butyl ester lactate (l‐AlaC4Lac). Parameters, such as concentrations of TM‐β‐CD and l‐AlaC4Lac, and buffer pH, were systematically examined in order to optimize the chiral separation of each NSAID. It was observed that the addition of the AAIL into the BGE improved both resolution and efficiency significantly. After optimization of separation conditions, baseline separation (Rs>1.5) of five of the analytes was achieved in less than 11 min, while the resolution of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen was approximately 1.2. The optimized enantioseparation conditions for all analytes involve a BGE of 5 mM sodium acetate/acetic acid (pH 5.0), an applied voltage of 30 kV, and a temperature of 20°C. In addition, the results obtained by computing the %‐RSD values of the EOF and the two enantiomer peaks, demonstrated excellent run‐to‐run, batch‐to‐batch, and day‐to‐day reproducibilities.


The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium chloride (0.2M) as salinizing agent on growth, pigment contents and some metabolic activities of the cultures of cyanobacteria Anabaena constricta and Nostoc linckia. The cell number, dry weight, glucose, protein and nitrogen content of A. constricta and N. linckia were significantly decrease, while the pigment contents not affected under the stress 0.2M NaCl through 15 days incubation. The addition of any of the two amino acids 5 mM L-proline or 5 mM Dl-B-Phenylalanine to salinized culture of both organisms can alleviate or at least modify ( mitigatory) the pattern of changes induced by the salinity stress. This means that any of the two amino acids was generally effective in meliorating the adverse effect of salinity on growth, pigment contents and some metabolic activities. Protein electrophoretic pattern of salinized culture of Anabaena constricta treated with 5mM of L-proline showed new set of proteins at around 17, 62 and 159 kDa, while treatment with DL-B- phenylalanine showed new proteins at around 21, 62 and 146 KDa. Protein electrophoresis pattern of salinized culture of Nostoc linckia when treated with any of the two amino acids showed no difference of protein bands, the difference only in the percentage of intensity.


A primary matrix pattern such as 5 x 7 matrix structure and an auxiliary matrix pattern such as 4 x 6 matrix structure are combined with each other in an ink jet system printer in such a manner that auxiliary dots contributing to the auxiliary matrix pattern are shifted in both column and row directions by a half dot position with respect to the primary matrix pattern. These auxiliary dots function to increase dot density along oblique lines in the dot matrix pattern.


This paper is focused on how to extract linear feature from remote sensing image by watershed transform with the help of the information about the linear object. The method extracting the information and incorporating it into the watershed transform is detailed. The method consists of the following steps. ① The marker point of the linear object is detected from the input image; ② These points are utilized to modify the gradient of the input image, which aims to suppress the regional minimum that does not correspond to the linear object; ③ The modified gradient image is segmented by the watershed transform. The segmented regions that correspond to the linear object were merged to represent the object.


Objective:To observe hemodynamic change caused from milrinone combined trimetazidine treatment for congestive heart failure(CHF).Methods:A total of 125 CHF patients were randomly divided into routine treatment group(n=40),milrinone group(n=42,received milrinone based on routine treatment)and milrinone+trimetazidine group(n=43,received milrinone combined trimetazidine based on routine treatment),and 10d was regard as a course of treatment.Curative effect and changes of indexes were observed in all groups before and after treatment.Results:Clinical total effective rate of milrinone+trimetazidine group(88.3%)was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group(65.0%),P0.05all.Compared with routine treatment group and milrinone group after treatment,there were significant increase in stroke volume[SV,(49±8.1)ml,(54.4±8.2)ml vs.(61.5±8.2)ml],cardiac output[CO,(4.3±0.6)L/min,(4.7±0.5)L/min vs.(5.7±0.7)L/min],cardiac index[CI,(3.2±0.8)L·min-1·m-2,(3.6±0.5)L·min-1·m-2vs.(4.2±0.6)L·min-1·m-2],left ventricular ejection fraction[LVEF,(42.2±8.2)%,(47.6±8.2)% vs.(52.8±8.1)%]and transmitral early diastolic peak flow velocity/late diastolic peak flow velocity[E/A,(1.0±0.3),(1.2±0.2)vs.(1.4±0.3)]in milrinone+trimetazidine group,P0.05all.Conclusion:Milrinone combined trimetazidine therapy can significantly improve heart function in patients with congestive heart failure.


This article extends diffusion studies by introducing the concept of heterogeneity in organizational practice—defined as the differences among adopters in a group with respect to how they adapt a n...


Deformidades cervicais pos queimadura apresentam problemas funcionais e esteticos que desafiam Cirurgioes Plasticos. Quando essas deformidades envolvem pequenas areas nos podemos realizar z-plastias, retalhos locais e enxertos cutâneos, mas em areas ex- tensas nos temos que considerar os retalhos microcirurgicos. O retalho ânterolateral da coxa tem sido utilizado em casos severos de contratura cervical, com bons resultados esteticos e funcionais. Introduction: post burn neck contractures present with function alanda esthetic problems thatare achallenge for Plastic Surgeons. When theses deformities involve small areas we can perform Z-plasties, local flaps and skin graft, but in extensive areas we have to consider free flaps transfer. Free anterolateral thigh flap has been used in severe cases of neck contractures, with good aesthetic and functional results. Materials and Methods: 8 patients with extensive anterior neck contractures underwent free flap reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap. There were 3 women and 5 men with mean age of 24,4 years (range 10 to 51). All cases resulted from flame burns. We have included in these series, patients that underwent to another procedure before, functional deficit (limited extension and rotation) and aesthetic consideration. After 60 days of surgery, 7 patients have been submitted to deffating procedure (liposuction) of the flap. Results: in all patients, release of contractures was excellent. All flaps survived well. One case presented with marginal necrosis of 3 x 1 cm of the flap, and another case with a marginal necrosis of burned area (receptor site).


The increasing demand for fatty acid-free lecithin required modifications in existing purification methods. In this technical note we describe a purification procedure with the following steps: a) homogenization and extraction of yolks obtained from fresh eggs with acetone, b) solubilization with ethanol and solvent elimination and c) repeated solubilization/precipitation with petroleum ether/acetone. This crude extract was chromatographed on neutral alumina, which was exhaustively washed with chloroform before elution with chloroform:methanol, allowing the sequential separation of fatty acids and lecithin. Chromatographic behavior and mass spectra of the product are presented. This fast procedure yields fatty acid-free lecithin at a competitive cost.


The tracking of construction resources (e.g. workforce and equipment) in videos, i.e., two-dimensional (2D) visual tracking, has gained significant interests in the construction industries. There exist lots of research studies that relied on 2D visual tracking methods to support the surveillance of construction productivity, safety, and project progress. However, few efforts have been put on evaluating the accuracy and robustness of these tracking methods in the construction scenarios. Meanwhile, it is noticed that state-of-art tracking methods have not shown reliable performance in tracking articulated equipment, such as excavators, backhoes, and dozers etc.
The main objective of this research is to fill these knowledge gaps. First, a total of fifth (15) 2D visual tracking methods were selected here due to their excellent performances identified in the computer vision field. Then, the methods were tested with twenty (20) videos captured from multiple construction job sites at day and night. The videos contain construction resources, including but not limited to excavators, backhoes, and compactors. Also, they were characterized by the attributes, such as occlusions, scale variation, and background clutter, in order to provide a comprehensive evaluation. The tracking results were evaluated with the sequence overlap score, center error ratio, and tracking length ratio respectively. According to the quantitative comparison of tracking methods, two improvements were further conducted. One is to fuse the tracking results of individual tracking methods based on the non-maximum suppression. The other is to track the articulated equipment by proposing the idea of tracking the equipment parts respectively.
The test results from this research study indicated that 1) the methods built on the local sparse representation were more effective; 2) the generative tracking strategy typically outperformed the discriminative one, when being adopted to track the equipment and workforce in the construction scenarios; 3) the fusion of the results from different tracking methods increased the tracking performance by 10% in accuracy; and 4) the part-based tracking methods improved the tracking performance in both accuracy and robustness, when being used to track the articulated equipment.


Frankl's (union-closed sets) conjecture states that for any nonempty finite union-closed (UC) family of distinct sets there exists an element in at least half of the sets. Poonen's Theorem characterizes the existence of weights which determine

whether a given UC family ensures Frankl's conjecture holds for all UC families which contain it. The weight systems are nontrivial to identify for a given UC family, and methods to determine such weight systems have led to several other open questions and conjectures regarding structures in UC families.

We design a cutting-plane method that computes the explicit weights which imply the existence conditions of Poonen's Theorem using computational integer programming coupled with redundant verification routines that ensure correctness. We find over one hundred previously unknown families of sets which ensure Frankl's conjecture holds for all families that contain any of them. This improves significantly on all previous results of the kind.

Our framework allows us to answer several open questions and conjectures regarding structural properties of UC families, including proving the 3-sets conjecture of Morris from 2006 which characterizes the minimum number of 3-sets that ensure Frankl's conjecture holds for all families that contain them. Furthermore, our method provides a general algorithmic road-map for improving other known results and uncovering structures in UC families.


Noncompaction myocardium of the left ventricle (LV) is a genetically heterogeneous congenital cardiomyopathy, that has only been described during the last two decades. Echocardiography plays a pivotal role as a first line diagnostic tool of this rare abnormality. The present case describes the imaging of the noncompacted myocardium using varying echocardiographic modalities.


Thermoregulatory mechanisms are influenced by the temperature of the postnatal environment. Animals reared in cool environments are more tolerant of cold as adults, whereas those reared in warm conditions are more tolerant of heat. Because diet-induced and thermoregulatory thermogenesis share common features, studies examined the impact of rearing temperature on weight gain and fat accumulation. Rats reared at 18°C gained more weight and accumulated more fat in abdominal depots than animals reared at 30°C when both were housed at a common temperature, responses that were exacerbated by ad libitum access to sucrose. Male rats reared at 30°C were less affected by sucrose than 18°C-reared males, whereas female rats reared at 18 or 30°C were similarly susceptible. During exposure to 18°C, fat accumulation in abdominal depots increased in males but decreased in females. These data suggest that early temperature exposure influences weight gain and fat accumulation in later life, a difference that is most apparent when animals are housed at a common temperature.


Alndr&-Measurements of ion currents (I,), electron temperatures (TJ, values of satellite potential (+S), ion concentrations @I+), and composition (Ivf,), from the cylindrical electrostatic probe and the Bennett ion mass spectrometer on board the AE-C satellite were used in order to assess the degree and range of applicability of some simple theoretical wake models. The experimental results cover the plasma properties and parameter ranges:


Video on demand (VOD)/spl minus/likely to become one of the most successful services in the emerging broadband network/spl minus/must minimize bandwidth requirements to serve large numbers of users. This article describes two VOD service variants, whereby bandwidth requirements in the network are reduced, while keeping the quality of service (QoS) at an equally high level.<<ETX>>


Abstract : Simultaneous electrochemical and quartz crystal microbalance measurements were used to study the intercalation of Li+ into V6013. It was found that at low to modest concentrations of the intercalant, the stoichiometry of the reaction is simple metal ion insertion, and the measured mass (QCM) is equal to the mass (charge) calculated from the charge passed. At higher concentrations, the ratio of mass (QCM)/mass(charge) is larger than one, and suggests complexities such as changes of morphology and the formation of second phases. (Author) (TTL)


Gender and sexuality have been at the forefront of societal debate in recent years with various legal battles concerning LGBT rights and religious liberties taking center stage. Shifts in attitudes and gains in legal protections have served to entrench conservative religious beliefs and to perpetuate generational "bitter" knowledge. This study seeks to understand the types of beliefs brought into the classroom by students and to examine the role of religious socialization in shaping and maintaining problematic beliefs in the context of learning new discordant knowledge. The data demonstrate that students bring "bitter" or problematic knowledge into the classroom, which serves as an obstacle to engaging in critical inquiry. We explore how the educational technique of engaging in pedagogies of discomfort invites students to see things differently and to examine how the religious institution has shaped their beliefs and values. We conclude with the call for educators to create authenticity and safety through sharing in self-examination and presenting their own vulnerability within the course.


The design of a frigate-type vessel with an all-electric propulsion system is outlined and background information is presented on the ship design and electrical technology. The system design and machinery arrangement are examined, the advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and the results of a simulation study are reported. Finally, conclusions and possible future developments are presented.


Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation is often used to model micromag-netic phenomenon under high temperature. This article proves the existence of smooth solutions of the equation in R 2 and R 3 , and a small initial value condition should be added in the latter case. These results can also be generalized to periodical boundary value case.


The polymerization of styrene with catalysts derived from aluminium-activated TiCl 3 , from hydrogen-activated TiCl 3 and from the soluble complex TiCl 3 .3THF was investigated. It was found that crystalline TiCl 3 gives on reaction with methylaluminoxane (MAO) in toluene two types of catalyst systems: a soluble one, which polymerizes styrene to syndiotactic polymer, and an insoluble one, which polymerizes styrene to isotactic one. A soluble catalyst for the syndiotactic polymerization of styrene can be obtained from TiCl 3 .THF and MAO.


Speech feature extraction is the mathematical representation of the speech file, which converts the speech waveform to some type of parametric representation for further analysis and processing in speech recognition. A good feature may produce a good result for any recognition system. This paper presents a simple and novel feature extraction approach for extracting binary features of Bangla speech words. This technique is based on frequency-domain signal features and dynamic thresholding method. First the frequency-domain signal feature, i.e., spectrogram feature is computed from the original speech words and then the binary features of these speech words are computed by using the dynamic thresholding technique. The developed system has been justified with several Bangla speech words. To test and analyse theses binary features, a speech recognition module has been developed. The speech recognition is done by using the neural network with back-propagation training algorithm. All the algorithms used in this research are implemented in MATLAB and the implemented speech recognition system achieved recognition accuracy of 96%.


This paper reviews the composition,mechanisms,safety and clinical application of major absorbable hemostatic materials,including oxidized cellulose,oxidized regenerated cellulose,thrombin sealants,fibrin glue,collagen,gelatin,α-cyanoacrylate sealants,bovine albumin and gluteraldehyde,chitosan-based hemostatic agents and microporous polysaccharide.Special attention was paid to the relationship between different absorbable hemostatic agents and the blood coagulation mechanism.We also discussed the future development of absorbable hemostatic agents.


Abstract : The report is concerned with electron generation and recombination processes in semiconductors. Some work is described with germanium and purified monocrystal tellurium, but emphasis is on roles of deep flaw levels in silicon and gallium arsenide. Photoionization properties, and hole capture as determined from photoconductance, are measured for indium in silicon, and for manganese, cobalt, and nickel in gallium arsenide. Experimental results are correlated with theoretical models for deep flaw states. (Author)


Last year, the Committee outlined three suitable methods for correcting results of core loss measurement to a sine-wave basis when made with a distorted wave of applied voltage, and for such correction recommended preference for methods utilizing average voltage. (See Annual Report, Committee on Instruments and Measurements, A. I. E. E. TRANS., Vol. 48, Oct. 1929, p. 1386).


Cephalosporins, a large group of β-lactam antibiotics, contain a 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) nucleus which is derived from cephalosporin C, and substitutions of chemical groups or modifications of 7-ACA side-chains resulting in varying pharmacologic properties and antimicrobial activities, development of useful antibiotic agents, also. Cephalosporin C obtained by fungus fermentation can be transformed to 7-ACA by two-step or one step enzymatically conversion process. The most important step in 7-ACA downstream process is represented by its separation from enzymatically produced reaction mixture. Among the used methods new separation techniques have been developed and applied to bioseparations, like reactive extraction and pertraction which have considerable potential.


Clinicopathological studies have demonstrated that Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is often accompanied by clinically undetectable comorbid neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease that alter the presence and rate of cognitive decline in aging and ADD. Aside from causing increased variability in clinical response, it is possible that the major ADD comorbidities may not respond to ADD-specific molecular therapeutics. As most reports have focused on comorbidity in the oldest-old, its extent in younger age groups that are more likely to be involved in clinical trials is largely unknown. We conducted a survey of neuropathological comorbidities in sporadic ADD using data from the US National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Subject data was restricted to those with dementia and meeting National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) intermediate or high AD Neuropathological Change (ADNC) levels, excluding those with known autosomal dominant AD-related mutations. Subjects were divided into age-at-death categories for analysis: under 60, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90-99 and 100 or over. Confirmatory of earlier reports, ADD histopathology is less severe with advancing age, effectively increasing the relative contribution of comorbidities, most of which rise in prevalence with age. Highly prevalent ADD comorbidities are not restricted to the oldest-old but are common even in early-onset ADD. The percentage of cases with ADD as the sole major neuropathological diagnosis is highest in the under-60 group, where "pure" ADD cases are still in the minority at 44%. After this AD as a sole major pathology in ADD declines to roughly 20% in the 70s and beyond. Comorbidity rates for some pathologies, especially LBD, are high even in subjects in their 60s and 70s, at nearly 60%, but for most others, their prevalence increases with age. TDP-43 pathology affects more than 35% of ADD subjects 80 and over while microscopic infarcts reach this rate a decade later. Gross infarcts rise more slowly and affect fewer subjects but still involve 15-20% of ADD after age 80. White matter rarefaction may be underestimated in the NACC database but is present in almost 70% of centenarians with ADD. Effective clinical trials depend on accurate estimates of required subject numbers, which are dependent on observed effect size and clinical response variability. Comorbidities are likely to affect both, leading to lower probability of clinical trial success. Stratifying ADD clinical trial analyses by presence and types of accompanying comorbidities might identify subgroups with higher effect sizes and greater clinical response rates, but accurate in-vivo diagnostic methods for most comorbidities are still lacking.


The education system plays crucial roles in the development of nations and societies. Curriculum development is a key component of the education process which involves alignment with the goals and objectives of teaching English as a foreign or second language in a particular context. The present article provides a personal narrative about the experience of developing an English language curriculum in the school-based Saudi Arabian context. The narrative represents a teacher's voice during a curriculum development process, and also examines the discussion of different voices represented by teachers and decision makers during several workshops held to discuss the integration of cultural aspects into English textbooks. The narrative points out that the majority of teachers and decision makers were reluctant to incorporate foreign culture for several reasons, such as geopolitically sensitive contexts of the foreign culture. Other teachers were afraid of the impact of foreign culture on their own. The narrative calls for better inclusion of appropriate cultural aspects in order to enhance the students' cultural competence so that they can interact effectively with people of different cultures.


V350 Peg is a δ Scuti star discovered by Hipparcos (ESA [CITE]). During 35 nights between July 1997 and December 2001 some 7500 CCD V observations were acquired at the Monegrillo and Esteve Duran observatories in Spain. The new data show that this star pulsates in a close doublet of frequencies separated by 0.17 c/d ($\Delta f/f=3$%) with similar amplitudes. More frequencies are excited but cannot be identified with certainty. The period as listed in the Hipparcos Catalogue is not confirmed.


A prototype of the multiwire drift chambers to be used in the high-momentum spectrometer (HMS) at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) has been designed and constructed. The prototype chamber has been tested recently in a 150-MeV pi /sup +/ beam with good results. The prototype chamber has 6 planes with a resolution per plane of about 94+or-11 mu m (sigma). This resolution is relatively constant up to 2 kHz wire/sup -1/ mm/sup -1/. The design of the full-sized HMS drift chambers has been finalized, based upon the work reported here.<<ETX>>


When considered as non-neutral plasmas, space-charge dominated charged particle beams have significantly smaller Debye lengths than their beam sizes. Therefore, collective effects due to space-charge forces are very important to the beam dynamics. As an example, density perturbations generated in a space-charge dominated charge particle beam will stimulate longitudinally space-charge waves. To study the modification of transverse beam distributions by longitudinal beam dynamics, experimental studies of low-energy electron beams, with and without longitudinal density perturbations, have been undertaken at the University of Maryland's electron ring and the Long Solenoid Experiment (LSE). We have taken time-resolved beam images on these machines using two different diagnostics: Optical transition radiation, produced from an intercepting aluminized silicon screen, and a fast (<3ns decay time) phosphor screen. Results from both techniques show that both the transverse size and transverse particle distribution ...


We consider additive functionals of continuous time Markov processes and prove that their functional central limit theorems (FCLT) admit almost sure versions based on empirical measures with logarithmic averaging. For the corresponding empirical processes, we prove a large deviation principle (LDP) based on a martingale decomposition, established here for additive functionals of Markov processes.


Meliore is a Florentine painter active in Tuscany in the second half of the 13th century. At different times about 10 works were attributed to his authorship, each of them containing the image of Our Lady. Nowadays the only confirmed artwork with his signature is a dossale with the Savior, the Virgin with the Child and three Apostles. Other works were attributed to Meliore by the art historians. These images represent a very remarkable group of monuments. His early works are quite simple, but in 20–30 years his style transformed approaching that of the early works of Duccio and Cimabue. The author suggests that the panel of Madonna with Child Enthroned from the Moscow Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (inv. 240) can be attributed to Meliore or to his milieu. Meliore's artworks resemble the traditions of Pisa and Lucca (formed mainly under Byzantine influence), as well as that of Florence and Siena (the spirit of Coppo di Marcovaldo), especially in the later period. In the scholarly literature on the 13th century Italian painting the schools of Pisa, Florence or Siena are usually distinguished. Yet the group of images of Our Lady united under thename of Meliore, very different in their artistic qualities and emotional expression, allows us to think about these boundaries as conditional and to pose the question whether it is legitimate to talk about their separate formation in the second half of the 13th century.


The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine and provides a traditional Chinese medicine preparation with functions of benefiting qi and nourishing blood, resisting aging and prolonging life. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation is characterized by being prepared from 10-12 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 6-10 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 6-8 parts of tuckahoe, 10-12 parts of radix rehmanniae preparata, 6-8 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 8-10 parts of angelica sinensis, 3-6 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 10-12 parts of astragalus, 1-3 parts of cinnamon, 6-8 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 6-8 parts of shisandra chinensis, 8-10 parts of placenta hominis, 6-9 parts of rodiola rosea and 10-12 parts of medlar. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation has the functions of benefiting qi and nourishing blood, promoting metabolism, dredging the channel, regulating qi and blood and prolonging life.


Firouzeh Ashraf Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Qom, Qom Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Qom, Iran email@example.com (Received November 25, 2018) Abstract The energy of a graph is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We prove that the energy of a tree on n vertices with a perfect matching and maximum degree at most 3 is greater than 1.21n−3.23. This improves some known bounds on the energy of trees.


Belete Tilahun Enyew Department of Physics, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, 21, Ethiopia, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Quantum correlation is one of the most fascinating and conspicuous feature of quantum information theory. Particularly, entangled states are recently treasured as a physical resource for the performance of quantum information protocols. In this paper, we investigate theoretically the generating field-field quantum correlations dynamics using two-mode under closed cavity system. The system contains two two-level atoms and two-mode entangled coherent fields. Thus, the interaction between the system and the environment is considered, and the system is in closed cavity which there is no interaction between environment and cavity system. Under this conditions, the quantum correlation between two mode of entangled coherent fields were quantified through quantum correlation function of non-Hermitian operators. Furthermore, we use numerical simulations to verify the evolution quantum correlation between field-field, and discuss the influences of initial different kinds of atoms. We show that the entangled atoms can significantly enhance the field-field quantum correlations dynamics. Specifically, we examine, we study the transfer of quantum correlations between field-field of two-mode cavities system through the medium photon hopping process. Such quantum system serves as a promising platform for the determination of the quantum correlations between the mechanical and optical modes in quantum systems, and a fundamental resource for several quantum information protocols.


Phase drift extremely limits the secure key rate and secure transmission distance, which is non-negligible in local oscillation continuous variable quantum key distribution (LLO CV-QKD). In order to eliminate the impact caused by phase drift, we analyze the phase noise of the system and propose a phase compensation method based on convolutional neural network (CNN). Moreover, the compensation is performed on the signal according to the estimated value of phase drift before coherent detection. In numerical simulation, we compare the performance of phase compensation methods based on CNN and Kalman filter (KF), and the results show that CNN-based phase compensation has higher accuracy and stability.


Abstract Despite American schools administrators' refusal to accept the language of African-American students and their overzealousness to frame language and literacy skills in terms of an "achievement gap," African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) is the language of African-American imagination and reality. This article discusses the characteristics of AAVE that make it a real language, as well as The Dozens—an original use of AAVE and one of many creative vehicles of expression used in the African-American community. The article also describes how African-American adult learners used AAVE in their composition class discussions and writings.


Using magnetic field gradients and optimally shaped microwave pulses, we demonstrate selective control of color center spin qubits in a diamond micro-chiplet coupled to a photonic integrated circuit, yielding a platform for scalable qubit control.


We have investigated the electronic band structure of Pt-induced nanowires on Ge(001) [Pt/Ge(001) NWs] by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy at 6 K. Single-domain samples of Pt/Ge(001) NWs were prepared on vicinal Ge(001) substrates. One of the bands disperses only in the nanowire direction, and its Fermi surface consists of strictly straight lines, indicating that it is an ideal one-dimensional metallic state. An energy distribution curve of the one-dimensional band is explained by a Fermi-Dirac-type spectral shape, which is against both a Luttinger liquid and Peierls instability schemes.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aromatherapy on blood pressure, pulse, fatigue and sleep for patients with allergic rhinitis admitted at a hospital specialized in an oriental medicine. Methods: This research was a single-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected at admission and discharge from May to December, 2009. The patients selected were received an aroma inhalation therapy via nebulizer with a 2% diluted oil mixture of eucalyptus and peppermint with 10 cc of saline solution in the ratio of 1:1 ones a day for 15 min in the period of 2 weeks. The data were analyzed for the descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement on physical and psychological symptoms of fatigue and sleep with a increase in systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Eucalyptus and peppermint blended oil aromatherapy as a sleep induction modality is an effective nursing and therapeutic intervention in conjunction with acupuncture and herbal medicine for symptoms of nasal congestion. However, further well designed research is required in evaluating the effectiveness of the types of clinically available essential oil.


The paper examines the relative performance of Stochastic Volatility (SV) and GARCH(1,1) models fitted to twenty plus years of daily data for three indices. As a benchmark, I use the realized volatility (RV) for the S&P 500, DOW JONES and STOXX50 indices, sampled at 5-minute intervals, taken from the Oxford Man Realised Library. Both models demonstrate comparable performance and are correlated to a similar extent with the RV estimates, when measured by OLS. However, a crude variant of Corsi's (2009) Heterogenous Auto-Regressive (HAR) model, applied to squared demeaned daily returns on the indices, appears to predict the daily RV of the series, better than either of the two base models. The base SV model was then enhanced by adding a regression matrix including the first and second moments of the demeaned return series. Similarly, the GARCH(1,1) model was augmented by adding a vector of demeaned squared returns to the mean equation. The augmented SV model showed a marginal improvement in explanatory power. This leads to the question of whether we need either of the two standard volatility models, if the simple expedient of using lagged squared demeaned daily returns provides a better RV predictor, at least in the context of the indices in the sample. The paper thus explores whether simple rules of thumb match the volatility forecasting capabilities of more sophisticated models.


Algorithmic parallelism arises naturally for population-based evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, a subpopulation-based parallel Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm on OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) for Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is proposed. The obligate brood parasitism behavior and mapping of the CS to TSP are explored to design the parallelization approach on OpenMP's fork-join model. The proposed parallel algorithm has been tested with symmetric instances from TSPLIB. Results show the subpopulation-based CS via random walk achieved superlinear speedup up to 42× and 1054% efficiency on OpenMP running 4 cores processor with superior percentage deviation against TSPLIB optimal solutions on small cities ranging from 51 to 101 cities, and only started to deviate significantly with 4461 cities. OpenMP subpopulation-based CS speedup also recorded at least 17× and up to 36× higher than related works in parallel CS. Overall results demonstrate that multi-threaded parallelism is very effective to achieve speedup for population-based evolutionary algorithms by dividing the main population into subpopulations to increase diversity on solution exploration.


Due to the characteristics of intermittency and uncertainty of wind power, the drastic wind power fluctuations have negative impacts on the safety and stability of power systems. In this paper, we focus on a wind farm with a battery energy storage system (BESS). The objective is to reduce the fluctuation of total output power by dynamically scheduling the charging and discharging power of BESS. The randomness of wind power is characterized by a periodic Markov chain from a long-term viewpoint. The variance of the power output is chosen as the indicator of long-term fluctuations. However, since the variance function is quadratic and non-additive, this scheduling problem does not fit the model of Markov decision processes (MDPs). We use the sensitivity-based optimization method to derive a difference formula to overcome this difficulty, which is the basis of the proposed iterative optimization algorithm. The optimal policy derived by the algorithm can determine the (dis)charging power of the BESS at each situation of the wind power, the battery energy level, and the hour of days. The performance of the proposed approach is verified through numerical experiments using real data from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach,


The Shiyang River basin is located in arid area of northwest China.The groundwater level of this region has been dropping drastically due to excessively exploiting of groundwater resources.The spatial and temporal variations of groundwater level play a significant role in water resource management and ecological protection.In this paper,the groundwater mineralization from 1981 to 2003 in the Shiyang river basin was interpolated using inverse distance weighting(IDW) method.Moreover,the reasons causing variations of groundwater level and the influences on environment and social impacts were discussed,some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.


1 In the first half of 2011, bilateral trade volume between China and North Korea doubled compared to the same period of the previous year. On August 2, North Korean First Vice Foreign Minister Kim Kye Guan concluded his week-long visit to Washington at the invitation of U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton. Furthermore, North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, during his first visit to Russia since 2002, met with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev at a military base on the outskirts of the eastern Siberian city of UlanUde to talk about bilateral economic cooperation on August 24. Seemingly, North Korea's hectic diplomatic efforts shed light on the long-stalled Six-Party talks, and it tries to counterweigh its heavy dependency on China. Is North Korea changing its attitude toward the outside world? In order to answer the question, this paper delves into the strategic motivation of the North and China for expanding Korea-China economic relations in terms of China's strategic shift and North Korea's open-door to China policy. Since the global financial crisis, China's hierarchical status in the world economic order in terms of economic volume and influence improved so fast that even China itself has been facing some difficulties in accommodating the changes in its domestic sociopolitical sphere as well as its external strategies. Premier Wen's repeated emphasis on the imperativeness of political reform in China is, to some extent, related to the discrepancies in the speed of changes between China's political institutions and economic power, that is, imbalances in the basis and the superstructure in terms of the political philosophy of Karl Marx. For Marx, the stubborn capitalistic superstructure was a big problem. But in today's China, the bureaucratic and closed superstructure is in contradiction with its globalized market economy as the world's workshop. China's gains from its peaceful rise have not been free from the pains of growth. Such a dilemma might be understood from the example of the contradiction in China's external political gestures: it categorically argues that it is a member of developing countries when meeting with representatives from those developing countries; nevertheless, at the same time, it deliberately releases news about its achievements in military technologies, for example, those of the J-20 stealth fighter and the super-aircraft carrier. In addition, at the news conference after the closing ceremony of the third China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue in Washington in May 2011, the Chinese delegation used the phrase "two leaders" frequently, designating the two giants, China and the United States.1


The utility model discloses a back door inner plate storing turnover device of automobile for settling the problems of collision, scratching, deformation, etc. in storing the punched back door inner plate components. The back door inner plate storing turnover device of automobile comprises a bottom plate which is provided with upright columns at four corners. The bottom plate and the upright columns form a main frame of component storing. The bottom plate (1) is rectangular. One connection longitudinal beam (4) is horizontally equipped respectively between two side upright columns (2) on the bottom plate (1). One connection transverse beam (5) is vertically equipped between the two connection longitudinal beams (4). One to three component storing strips are equipped parallelly with the connection longitudinal beams (4) on the connection transverse beam (5). One component supporting longitudinal beam (7) is respectively provided horizontally between the two side upright columns (2) below the connection longitudinal beams (4).


Abstract Objective: investigation of the microshear bond strength between lithium disilicate with preheated viscous composite, flowable composite and resin cement by comparison of their microshear bond strength. Material and method: forty five samples were prepared and divided into three groups; preheated viscous composite group, flowable composite group and resin cement group. Materials were injected into custom made plastic transparent molds (2 mm height, 2 mm diameter) on surface of lithium disilicate discs that were previously surface treated with ceramic etchant (hydrofluoric acid 4.5%) and ceramic primer (silane coupling agent). Then, Microshear bond strength test was performed to samples by universal testing machine. Results were tabulated and statistically analyzed for each group. Results: highest microshear bond strength was recorded for preheated viscous composite followed by flowable composite and resin cement. Conclusions: preheated viscous composite is an excellent material in cementation of lithium disilicate ceramic restorations. Keywords: Lithium disilicate; Preheated composite; microshear bond strength.


The toxicities of spinosad to Plutella xylostella and its natural enemies are evaluated in this paper. The results show that spinosad has a high toxicity to P. xylostella and a high efficacy against the pest in fields. Spinosad has a lethal effect on Paederus fuscipes and C. plutellae, but no significant effect on Lycosa psedoannulata. For C. plutellae, the treatment with 1000 times dilution of 2.5% CAIXI causes its mortality of 62.2% after 24h and 88.7% after 36h. The side-effects of spinosad on parasitoid of P. xylostella are very high and should be considered when the pesticide is used.


Plots of extension versus maximum synrift sediment thickness for rifts display a wide range of values. Some rifts display almost equal amounts of vertical displacement and horizontal extension, while others display considerably more extension than vertical displacement. The former appear to be associated with deep depths to detachment and/or steeply dipping boundary faults, while the latter tend to correspond with shallower depths to detachment and/or more gently dipping boundary faults. Boundary fault shape is inferred to exert an important control on relative amounts of extension and maximum sediment thickness and in sedimentation style. The deep anoxic lakes of the Western Branch, East African Rift system are associated with relatively steeply (40°–70°) dipping faults and depths to detachment ranging between 15 and 30 km. The more coarse clastic-dominated Miocene half grabens in Northern Kenya are associated with relatively gently dipping boundary faults (50°–20°) and shallower depths to detachment (less than 15 km).


Angling practice significantly effected the time required for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides to begin feeding. Mean ± S.E. time until feeding resumed was longest for fish that experienced a simulated tournament (15·6 ± 2·2 h) followed by fish that were caught and released (8·4 ± 2·2 h) and controls (0·3 ± 1·6 h). Effects on feeding related to angling practices were maintained throughout the 48 h observation period. Using multiple logistic regression and bioenergetics simulations, decreased growth in fish subjected to competitive or catch-and-release angling events was predicted. Fish subjected to multiple captures in a pond experiment had greater mass loss than those not captured, supporting model predictions.


The paper considers the problem of clusterisation in the economic space of regions of Russia and the world. The algorithm of the methodology of identification of the cluster ontogenesis stage is developed in the paper. The research by the example of titanium, chemical and pharmaceutical clusters of Sverdlovsk region showed a decrease in the value of geographical concentration with a simultaneous internationalization of economic activities of the cluster.


PURPOSE: To reduce the capacitance of an auxiliary power unit by restricting the peak current consumption of dynamic RAM refreshment. CONSTITUTION: When a refreshment requesting signal is inputted in a refreshment signal generating means 1a at the time of backing-up, the refreshment signal generating means 1a generates plural refreshment signals within a refreshing cycle. The plural refreshment signals are distributed to the respective memory blocks of dynamic RAM in a refreshment signal distributing means 1b and the respective memory blocks of dynamic RAM are divided and refreshed. At the normal time, the refreshment signal generating means 1a generates one refreshment signal within the refreshing cycle and the respective memory blocks of dynamic RAM are refreshed in a batch. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The state today is challenged by changing traditional understanding and perception of its nature and properties, including sovereignty and competitiveness. In the XXI century, both these features are vital. There are some reasons for it. State loses political entity status, while sovereignty is used as a resource to protect national interests. Moreover, political success is determined by the level of state competitiveness that is, legal capacity of public institutions and high quality of decisions. Low quality of the state undermines its competitiveness and therefore sovereignty.


We report the first measurements of Stark broadening widths of W I lines (426.9 nm, 429.4 nm, and 430.2 nm) as a function of electron density, ne ?>. The electron density is obtained from Stark broadening of a C II line at 426.7 nm in nanosecond laser-induced tungsten carbide plasmas. A linear relation between the W I Stark widths and ne ?> is confirmed. The electron temperature, Te ?>, is evaluated from Boltzmann plots of W I transitions with an oscillator strength fik<1.0×10−2 ?>, since systematically lower population densities are observed for W I transitions with fik⩾1.0×10−2 ?>, indicating that absorption occurs. This is consistent with an overestimated ne ?> derived from Stark broadening of the 429.4 nm line (fik=2.45×10−2 ?>) at a high ambient gas pressure.


The present invention relates to a magnetic resonance imaging device (101), characterized in that the patient hole (103) of the magnetic resonance tomography apparatus (101) of the cap (UM) having a conductive layer (LS).


In order to create the interior multi-climate zones suitable for plant cultivation in a solar chimney proposed for the World Horticultural Exposition 2016 in China, the numerical study is performed to investigate the interior thermal characteristics of a solar chimney with 2km radius and 1km height. The simulation methodology is validated by experimental data. Available heat from radiation, steel plant and underground water are taken as the sources for multi-climate zone generation. The interior thermal characteristics in summer season (SS) and winter season (WS) scenarios are predicted to evaluate the impacts of inlet height and radius. It is found the temperature increment is around 6t and 17t for SS and WS with 3.8m inlet height. The air velocity in SS is much larger than WS. The decrease of the inlet height from 3.8m to 0.5m has minimal impact for interior thermal field. However, further decrease to 0.2m brings less air flow rate and higher temperature. The temperature field remains almost the same when the radius of solar chimney decreases from 2.0km to 1.725km. Further decrease to 1.13km results in much lower temperature. The current numerical analysis can provide preliminary suggestions for the plant cultivation in the solar chimney.


A hybrid pseudo-screen propagator is applied to prestack depth migration for recursive wave eld backpropagation. The propagator is decomposed into a phase-screen term and a large-angle compensation term, the latter is computed by a FD scheme. Downw ardextrapolated waveelds are calculated rst by a phase shift of the primary w ave eld propagating in the bac kground medium. The scattering contributions generated by the velocity heterogeneities are then superposed. Numerical examples show the ability of the method to handle the steep dip events in the case of strong lateral velocity variation and to pro vide a good image when applied to the Marmousi dataset.


Purpose

To support the success of their students and faculty, libraries have to understand changing user needs. Robust user assessment programs and analysis of service patterns can reveal many of those needs. Many libraries have responded to changing user expectations by consolidating service desks and providing better organization of user services. Recent advances in assessment have added to libraries' capacity to refine the scope and goals of service desk mergers. Assessment and analysis support better conceptual frameworks for realigning organizational structures and overarching service models. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a renovation and organizational restructuring in Ekstrom Library at the University of Louisville as a case study, this paper examines the assessment process, organizational restructuring, and physical renovation that resulted in service desks merging.

Findings

This study found that comprehensive and ongoing user assessment is crucial to planning for renovations and service changes. User needs awareness must then be linked with organizational models and service delivery systems. Service desk mergers will be successful when they result from thoughtful assessment and analysis.

Research limitations/implications

Other case studies with assessment driven renovation projects, service desk mergers, and organizational changes would be useful to add to these findings.

Practical implications

This paper provides a process and framework for library leadership who are evaluating and revising service delivery models.

Originality/value

The perspectives and process described in this case study will be of value to improve library service delivery models.


This paper is a report on the experience of using a commercial business simulation video game as a teaching tool in the Management of Information Systems (MIS) courses in two of the British Columbia Institute of Technology's second year business diploma programs, the International Trade and Transportation program and the Information Technology Management program. The pilot project involved training the students through built-in tutorials to use the program and then creating a multiplayer competition at the end of the course in which the students compete with each other in a simulated business environment that requires the student to build a successful business and compete for market share with their classmates. Their final mark for the exercise was directly related to their business success in the game. Student feedback was overwhelmingly positive and the software will be used again in 2010.


T he introduction of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in 20041 has no less than revolutionized the field of diagnostic bronchoscopy. Building on the initial successful application of standard "blind" TBNA and preliminary work using radial probe ultrasound devices to better localize targets, the ability to access central lesions with real-time ultrasonographic imaging with the linear EBUS scope has resulted in bronchoscopic diagnostic rates never before possible. Excellent results from this technique have been reported for a variety of clinical indications, with randomized trials suggesting equivalence to mediastinoscopy for lung cancer staging2 and superiority over standard TBNA for sarcoidosis.3 Despite these achievements, limitations remain in certain settings. In cases of suspected sarcoidosis, overall diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA remains ~80%4 and on a per-node basis can be as low as 55%.3 For lymphoma, pooled results from the literature suggest sensitivity to this test at 64% (192/299 cases, unpublished data) with better performance in the setting of relapsed disease versus de novo diagnoses. In addition, as the requirements evolve for molecular profiling of malignant lesions, the ability to collect larger tumor samples may be of benefit. The vast majority of EBUSTBNA studies has been performed with the use of 22-G needles, with more limited publications using 21-G devices. Although there is no robust evidence for differences in results between the 2, some data suggest improved results with the 21-G devices in terms of non–small-cell lung cancer subtyping and in the diagnosis of benign diseases. It is with these limitations in mind that we consider the role of a newly introduced 19-G EBUS-TBNA needle in clinical practice, but, as is often the case, the commercial availability of medical devices precedes the availability of clinical data to guide us as to their optimal application. In this issue of the JOBIP, Balwan5 describes his single-operator experience with the use of this new device in the setting of suspected sarcoidosis wherein a 93% diagnostic rate was achieved in the 15 patients studied. Of note as well is a high pernode diagnostic rate of 85%. Given the absence of a comparison group using smaller needles, the retrospective nature of the study and the relatively small sample size, one cannot make any definitive statements with regard to the 19-G needle and the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. However, such success rates are certainly in the high range of previously published EBUS data. These


There are a number of bridges which are designed according to codes without seismic provisions being considered. Such bridges are mostly found deficient and may need seismic retrofitting. Bridges that were built before the 1970s, either in the USA or Japan or Europe, were designed with little or no consideration for seismic demands. The majority of these bridges are supported on reinforced concrete bents at the abutments and pier walls that lack the ductility and strength to resist earthquakes. Besides most of these bridges have short spans (6–18 m) to medium spans (18–90 m). A bridge with a short span may be built with timber girders or with a concrete slab superstructure, whereas a bridge with a medium span is often built with steel girders, precast concrete girders, or cast-in-place box girders. Bridges in general consist of two structural components: a superstructure including the elements above the support and a substructure including the elements that sustain the superstructure.In this paper, the retrofitting of an existing short bridge is discussed; it is situated in Treviso (a town in the Venice area) near the vital new airport "Antonio Canova". Retrofit consists of building a new semi-integral bridge type with micro-piers on the bridge heads.


The present invention comprises a region consisting of primary horn type emitter (1) which are connected to each other by waveguide supply network (2), relates to an antenna for broadband satellite communications.


The number of children now surviving surgical interventions because of congenital cardiac disease continues to increase. Indeed, it is estimated that, by the end of 2005, there will be more adults than children with congenital cardiac malformations. The complex challenges facing this growing population are only now becoming apparent, including the continued hazard for mortality, the risk of reoperation, and newly-emerging late sequels of surgery. In particular, children with severe lesions requiring intervention in the neonatal period are surviving at levels thought to be highly improbable no more than two decades ago. Heralded by the availability of prostaglandin E1 in the late 1970s, improvements in technology, such as echocardiography, and color Doppler in particular, intensive care and intraoperative support, have recently allowed surgeons to reconstruct the hearts of many children with otherwise lethal defects. Much of the published literature has focused on the cardiac sequels in this population. Increasing attention has recently been given, nonetheless, to the neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population of patients.


There is a enormous gulf between the design principles governing a software system and its implementation. Designs are expressed in many forms, from blackboard drawings, informal analogoies, box-and-pointer diagrams, state transition systems, and, perhaps most importantly, an unstated understanding among a team of developers. The role of the design description is normative: it determines not only what should be done, but also what should not be done. Even if an initial implementation coheres well with its design, over time it inevitably diverges from it. The code becomes its own design specification, and the design loses its normative role and becomes a mere description of the code. The result is a morass for both the developer and the end user. For the developers it becomes increasingly difficult to understand what is going on with the program, and increasingly risky to modify and extend it. For the users the program becomes increasingly idiosyncratic, because there is no clear model of how it is "supposed" to behave. To avoid this it is necessary that the design live with the code in a form that must evolve with the code and which permits enforcing compliance of the code base with the design. In principle a design description should include everything from the end-user conceptual model to the specification of the behavior of individual program components and their interaction with one another. But this is not just a matter of documentation strings! The design description must have computational content in the sense that it determines verifiable properties of the execution behavior of the executable code. Most importantly, the verification must be performed whenever the code is modified. Only then can we be certain that designs make computational sense and that computations conform to a sensible design. Research on type systems addresses the problem of how to integrate system descriptions with system implementations in such a way that coher-


Percentage lesion of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybrids of 19 strains of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium sporogenes was determined by the thermal stability method. The maximum noncomplementary lesion was 6–9%, but in most instances the lesions were much less than 6 or 9%. The results indicated that the DNA hybrids of C. botulinum and C. sporogenes tested were homologous, and that some of these toxic and nontoxic strains are closely related.


Light extraction of organic light‐emitting device has been successfully enhanced by preparing on a plastics substrate. We describe optical design method of mode conversion for reducing optical losses in waveguide and evanescent modes by introducing a new cathode and a plastic substrate. The phosphorescent green light emitting device exhibits higher light extraction by a factor of 2–3.


The utility model relates to a pressure limiting valve of an oil pump of an engine, which comprises an oil exhaust hole (8), a valve sleeve (4), a lockup ring (5), a control valve (9) and a pressure limiting spring (1). The pressure limiting valve is characterized in that a spring sleeve (3) with a T-shaped radial section and the guide effect is arranged inside the pressure limiting spring (1); the other end of the spring sleeve (3) extends to the outside of the pressure limiting spring (1) and is positioned on the housing of the oil pump through a clamp ring (2) arranged at an end far away from the pressure limiting spring (1); a groove (6) is formed at the end of the spring sleeve (3) close to the clamp ring (2); and an O-shaped ring (7) performing the sealing function is sheathed on the groove (6). The pressure limiting valve of the oil pump of the engine can ensure the deformation of the pressure limiting spring (1) to be in direct proportion to the pressure applied to the spring, thus accurately controlling the pressure of a main oil path.