The present invention discloses a parking management method based on Bluetooth technology, applied to a parking management system, the management system is provided with a parking BLE module. Parking predetermined method based on the Bluetooth terminal parking management method, the terminal includes a Bluetooth 4.0 Bluetooth module can communicate with the BLE modules, navigation modules, a display, and input and output devices. The present invention is based on parking management method by using Bluetooth technology with BLE Bluetooth broadcast field, as much information as possible to be broadcast, the user selects a convenient parking, and can quickly and purposefully to lead the customer arrival parking.


The normal trans,trans conformation of the ion pairs of the 1,3-diphenylallyl and 1,3-diphenylbutenyl carbanions is converted into cis,trans by photolysis with white light. The kinetics of the reverse dark reaction have been studied; the rate of this process is much greater for the tight than for the loose ion pair.


This article offers a timely and empirical case study of the effects of political influence from governing stakeholders on the management of a major inter-regional public transportation system in the greater Washington, DC area.  It demonstrates the critical importance of intensive cooperation between federal, state, and local authorities for the sustainment and effective delivery of a vital public service, and documents the significant challenges for public managers charged with administering public organizations in an organizational environment characterized by resource dependence, principal-agent conflicts, and dysfunctional governance structures.  Solutions recommended include institutional entrepreneurship, lobbying for stronger federal oversight, and greater use of strategic planning and strategic communications to shape public and legislator perspectives.


AB-1, the statewide Gay civil rights bill, passed out of the Assembly Committee on Labor and Employment by a 6-5 vote on Feb. 22. The bill, au thored by Assemblyman Art Agnos (DS.F.), will now go to the Ways and M eans C om m ittee, chaired by San Jose Assem blyman John Vasconcellos. If passed there, it will reach the Assembly floor to be voted on ' by the entire body of Assemblymembers. Agnos, whose name heads the roster of Assemblymembers, has promised that the Gay rights bill will be AB-1 (first bill introduced in each session) until it is passed. So far, it has made it to the Assembly floor only once, but was not brought to a vote. In January 1980, an estimated 5,000 activists and constituents marched in dren ching rain in Sacramento in support of the bill, but this year lobbying has gone on quietly. The demise of the Gay lo b b y in g o r g a n iz a t io n . California Human Rights Ad vocates, has left Agnos' office to provide leadership on the bill through statewide mailings and networking. In a recent mailing, Agnos notified supporters o f the' bill's hearing date and urged lobbying with d istrict representatives. Assemblyman Alister McAlister's office in Milpitas reported receiving a deluge of phone calls about the legislation. McAlister, a member of the L abor and Em ploym ent Committee, voted against the Gay rights bill, as he has done in previous years. His district straddles Santa Clara and Alameda counties. Opposition to the bill has come primarily from religious fundam entalists and M or mons. Rev. Herbert Steele of the Church of the Nazarene in Sacramento was among those objecting to the legislation this • year. " I am not against a homosexual having a job or making a living," he was quoted in the San Jose Mer cury. " But there are many employers who have religious convictions about these things." Agnos points to Wisconsin' recent passage o f sim ilar legislation as a precedent and cites public ' opinion polls showing an increasing majority of Americans oppose discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Anti-Violence Bill Introduced


Desertification in Spain is a largely society-driven process, which can be managed effectively only through an understanding of environmental, sociocultural, and economic driving forces. This calls for a more active role of decision makers and other stakeholders. We present two promising approaches—participatory stakeholder workshops and a spatial policy support system (PoSS)—to develop future scenarios of land-use change for a watershed in Spain. We furthermore discuss the efforts involved and the added values of combining both methods. Based on two local workshops, three scenarios were constructed, which were subsequently formalised, parameterised, and quantified. We conclude that there are large advantages of linking narrative storylines and a spatial PoSS. Storylines ensure an active participation of a large range of stakeholders, additionally offering the possibility to develop highly integrated scenarios. The PoSS provides a spatially detailed and quantitative output, that can also be used to check the internal consistency of the qualitative scenarios. Linking stories and models can thus open the way for more successful management strategies to combat land degradation.


A method capable of recovering gold highly efficiently and simply although an electrolysis method is adopted when recovering gold from a water-based waste solution comprising a water-soluble sulfur-containing gold compound, and an equipment used for recovering gold in the method are provided. An equipment for recovering gold(21) comprises: an adjusting means for adjusting a water-based waste solution to a strong basic water-based waste solution; an electrolytic cell(1); at least one pair of anode and cathode installed within the electrolytic cell; and a collection part(2) installed below the cathode to recover gold dropped after being separated from a surface of the cathode, wherein the collection part has an extraction port(4) for discharging deposited gold to the outside of the electrolytic cell, and an inclined plane with a slope that is descended toward the extraction port is formed on the bottom(2a) of the collection part.


12 z Prescriber 19 March 2015 prescriber.co.uk A56-year-old man presented to the dermatology department with a twomonth history of an itchy rash with widespread vesicular erythematous plaques and some bullae. The patient had a past medical history of squamous cell lung cancer, which was in remission, and had been diagnosed with epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS, a genetically acquired blistering condition) as a child. His EBS had manifested itself with minor blistering at sites of trauma, such as the heels and elbows. His medications were ramipril 5mg once daily and simvastatin 40mg once nightly. There were no known drug allergies. The diagnosis was initially unclear, with a working differential of either discoid eczema or an immunobullous disorder such as linear IgA disease. A biopsy was performed, with tissue samples sent for histology and immunofluorescence. While awaiting the results, the patient was given a tapering course of oral prednisolone, beginning at 40mg once daily. The biopsy suggested an eczematous picture, with a blistering pattern consistent with EBS. Immunofluorescence was negative. Correlating the histological findings with the clinical presentation, the diagnosis of discoid eczema complicated by EBS blistering was made. After a month of oral prednisolone on a tapering regimen, he remained on 5mg prednisolone once daily for two to three weeks, with a super potent topical steroid ointment (clobetasol propionate 0.05 per cent) on the itchy red areas once daily for 10–14 day bursts as needed. He was advised to use soap substitutes and emollients to maintain the integrity of the skin barrier and was given open follow up. Discoid (nummular) eczema presents usually in middle age and is characterised by itchy coin-shaped lesions with a welldemarcated border.1 Unlike dermatophyte infections, with which it may be confused, the rash does not tend to be annular, lacking a central clearing. Psoriasis is among the differential diagnoses, but tends to be less itchy and has loose silver scale, rather than adherent crust. Psoriasis may also be associated with nail, scalp or joint changes. Discoid eczema can be very florid, with livid erythema, vesicles, crusting and oozing.1 For this reason it can be mistaken for cellulitis or severe impetigo, leading to treatment with oral antibiotics. However, although the eczema may become superinfected, it will not resolve with antibiotics alone, and requires potent topical steroids in addition.2 Over time the lesions tend to become dry and scaly.1 There may be multiple lesions visible at different stages of evolution. Identifying and treating a florid vesicular rash


Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an autosomal recessive ectopic mineralization disorder caused by mutations in the ABCC6 and ENPP1 gene is characterized by skin, ocular and cardiovascular (CV) symptoms. However, an important variability in clinical severity is seen in patients, which does not correlate with their genotype. This suggests that other factors such as modifier genes and epigenetic mechanisms may influence phenotypic heterogeneity. The limited data on modifier genes in PXE results mainly from the use of a candidate gene approach based on current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying PXE; to date only VEGFA (encoding vascular endothelial growth factor) has been confirmed as a modifier gene for the PXE retinopathy. The pathophysiology of PXE is not well understood, hampering the selection of putative modifier candidates. Further it is probable that in an individual patient multiple modifier genes play a (synergistic) role, favoring a technology capable of analyzing multiple genes in a single reaction for their identification. Given that PXE is a rare disease, it is also difficult to generate cohorts large enough for proper statistical analysis. To tackle all of these hurdles, we introduced Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) as a new technique to identify potential modifier genes, by comparing patients with extreme phenotypes. A similar approach was already proven successful in identifying modifiers in cystic fibrosis. In this pilot study, WES was performed in 13 molecularly and histologically confirmed PXE patients with an extreme (mild or severe) CV phenotype (based on clinical presentation and vascular calcium (Agatston) scoring using whole body CT). We performed targeted analysis of variants unique for the severely affected cohort. Out of 1372 variants in the original dataset, we withheld 108 variants after initial selection of genes involved in mineralization, occlusive and atherosclerotic coronary and peripheral vessel disease, vitamin K and magnesium metabolism. The number of variants was narrowed down using in silico prediction tools (SIFT, Polyphen, PhyloP, Mutation taster and LRT) and a comprehensive literature study. As a result, 9 variants were withheld, which were all validated using Sanger Sequencing and screened in a second, independent cohort of 50 PXE patients with mild or severe CV disease based on the criteria mentioned above. Genotype- and allele frequency analysis and multiple logistic regression confirmed significant association of 3 SNPs with severe CV disease: rs2228570 (VDR gene), rs13006529 (CASP10 gene) and rs1042714 (ADRB2 gene). All SNPs were previously linked to CV disease; functional data mining also yielded links to the PXE pathophysiology. Particularly for the VDR variant, reported to cause increased transcriptional activity of VDR, upregulation of several transcriptional VDR targets in PXE was found.
In conclusion, WES enables us to characterize candidate modifier genes by applying a targeted analysis approach in patients with extreme phenotypes, making it feasible to obtain significant results despite a relatively small sample size. After an essential confirmation in an independent cohort, the first results of this study point towards a role of VDR, CASP10 and ADRB2 in the cardiovascular presentation and pathophysiology of PXE, providing valuable assets for the management of PXE families.


For determination the anatomical point of reference in transvaginal accesses vith using anatomical methods of research are analyzed and grouped projection relationship peritoneal cover parts of the pelvis (the basis of wide ligaments of the uterus, vesico-uterinum and recto-uterinum cavity) with vaginal fornix of the various positions of the uterus. It is established, that at her physiological positions the relationship of peritoneal cover characterized as symmetric. Atypical position of organ often involved the asymmetric nature of the relationship, expressed in a wide variance of the projection of relations with vaginal fornix peritoneum areas – various displacements of sheets of the wide ligament of the uterus, the result of which was displacement vesico-uterinum and recto-uterinum cavity from the Central line to the left and to the right. On the basis of the allocated projection marks – vaginal segments, which are preferable for transvaginal accesses to the peritoneal and subperitoneal levels of the female pelvis.


Interest in population health and the promotion of greater collaboration between medical, public health, and social service institutions has surged in recent months. (1) This approach adopts a comprehensive notion of health determinants that are spread across domains of behavioral risk, social and economic circumstances, environmental exposures, and medical care. The balance and effects of many of these determinants, eg, availability of healthy foods, parks and other safe places to play and exercise, exposure to environmental irritants, and safe housing, are specific to geographic locale. (2)

Although there is general enthusiasm for efforts to advance population health, strategies for tailoring approaches to specific locales are not well established. Of particular strategic interest is the need for developing population health approaches for the 80% of US residents who live in urban environments. While the diversity and fragmentation of services within cities pose formidable organizational challenges, there are several key attributes of urban settings, if harnessed strategically, that offer opportunities for potentially effective population health strategies.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of using particles only in the embolization of the hemorrhoidal arteries for the management of hemorrhoids. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective study for patients treated between March 2015 and December 2018. We treated 33 patients, 13 men and 20 women with a mean age of 37 years (range: 18–70 years), in which 11 patients had Grade II hemorrhoids and 22 had Grade III hemorrhoids. Technical and clinical successes together with procedural complications were assessed. Results: The technical success rate was 100%. No minor or major complications have been reported. No cases of anorectal ischemia, anal incontinence, hemorrhoidal thrombosis, or complications related to femoral arterial puncture have occurred. Follow-up was at 3 months and 12 months postembolization. Clinical success was observed in 32 patients (96.9%) with improvement by at least 2 points of the French bleeding score at 3 months postembolization. Conclusion: The use of particles alone in the embolization of hemorrhoidal arteries whether from the superior rectal artery and/or from the middle and inferior rectal arteries can offer a safe and effective treatment option.


In [6], we proved a theorem dealing with an application of quasi-f-power increasing sequences. In this paper, we prove that theorem  under less and weaker conditions. This theorem also includes several new results.


The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing the carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst and, more particularly, platinum and a transition metal on bimetallic the carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst, and a method of producing that make the on γ- alumina carrier. CO oxidation catalyst of the present invention, there is an effect that it can be excellent in catalytic activity at low temperatures as well as the reaction selectivity is better and more efficient removal of the carbon monoxide from the fuel does not occur due to upset reoxidation and methane. A bimetallic platinum, transition metals, carbon monoxide, the fuel processor, the fuel cell


Amino acids, sugars, and nucleobases are considered as the so-called molecular bricks of life, the major subunits of proteins and genetic materials. All three chemical families have been previously detected in meteorites. In dense molecular cloud ice analogs, the formation of a large set of amino acids and sugars (+derivatives) has been observed. In this contribution, we demonstrate that similar ices (H2O:13CH3OH:NH3 ices, 2:1:1) can also lead to the formation of nucleobases. Using combined UPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometric and UPLC-SRM-triple quadrupole mass spectrometric analyses, we have unambiguously detected cytosine in these primitive, realistic astrophysical ice analogs. Additionally, a huge variety of nucleobase isomers was observed. These results indicate that all central subunits of biochemical materials may have already been present at early stages of chemical evolution of the protosolar nebula, before accretion toward planetesimals. Consequently, the formation of amino acids, sugars, and nucleobases does not necessarily require secondary alteration processes inside meteoritic parent bodies. They might have been supplied from dense molecular cloud ices toward post-accretional objects, such as nonaqueously modified comets, and subsequently delivered onto the early Earth's surface, potentially triggering the emergence of prebiotic chemistry leading to the first living systems.


The FIFA 2010 World Cup has provided a real opportunity to give life to the ninth recommendation of the UNWTO's 2009 roadmap to recovery, namely "to improve tourism promotion and capitalize on major events." Unfortunately, the developmental impacts of mega-events in the global periphery are frequently inflated and there is little guarantee that the realized effects will meet the expectations of one in every three South Africans to personally benefit from employment creation opportunities through the 2010 FIFA World Cup. This article reflects on the following. First, the existing body of knowledge on mega-sport events and the tangible and intangible benefits for host societies. Second, the inflated expectations of South Africans since winning the FIFA 2010 bid in May 2004. Third, 2009 as build-up phase toward hosting the FIFA 2010 World Cup, by using three other local mega-sport events and disclosing their contribution to the local economy. Fourth, the political will of the South African government to invest in long-term tourism developmental goals by exposing the size of investments made in large-scale superstructural and infrastructural projects. And last, unveiling the golden-egg contribution of this mega-sport event during tough economic times.


porphobilinogen and porphyrin and the vitaminA absorption test. The rapid tablet and strip qualitative tests for urine are also described. It is remarkable, however, that the recently developed estimations of enzyme activity in plasma are omitted. The more convenient methods now available for salicylate, phosphatase and faecal fat are not described and the authors recommend the estimation of total and split fat in dried stool. The account of the determination of protein-bound iodine does not sufficiently emphasize that exceptional facilities are necessary to avoid contamination. The micro-Kjeldahl procedure is described in full, instead of the numerous less satisfactory shorter methods. Although no attempt has been made to consider interpretation, this well-produced manual can be recommended for use in every chemical pathology laboratory.


Wave field synthesis loudspeaker array (10) comprises a separately arranged one or more supply loudspeakers and wave field synthesis loudspeaker array (12), at least one audio input for receiving an audio signal from at least one sound source ( 19), speaker position input for inputting the positional information of the sound source (24), the wave field synthesis unit for calculating loudspeaker signals for the wave field synthesis loudspeaker array (22), one or more supply loudspeakers (12) drive the acoustic system by loudspeaker signals, characterized by comprising means (20,24a, 24b, 30) for supplying a signal. The driving device, listener along with to be able to identify the exact location of the sound source, particularly a sound suitable volume even in the front row of the audience. .FIELD 1


The paper is dedicated to solving the generalized periodic discrete‐time Sylvester matrix equation, which is frequently encountered in control theory and applied mathematics. An iterative algorithm for this equation is presented. The proposed method is developed from a point of least squares method. The rationality of the method is testified by theoretical analysis. The presented approach is numerically reliable and requires less computation. Two numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the raised results.


IntroductIon: Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) and lymphovenous bypass (LVB) procedures represent physiologic treatment options for symptomatic lymph-edema. Secondary causes related to oncologic surgery and/ or radiation have been successfully treated using these surgical procedures. Primary lymphedema represents a poorly understood lymphedematous condition with equally poor understanding of the benefits of microsurgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with this patient population to better understand the effectiveness of microsurgical procedures. MethodS: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients who received microsurgi-cal treatment for primary lymphedema was reviewed. Both LVB and VLNT procedures were used in this patient cohort. Outcomes related to demographics, circumference differences , and symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) changes were evaluated. A validated questionnaire, the LYMQOL, was used to assess QoL outcomes. reSultS: Thirteen patients were identified and met inclusion criteria. All patients had primary lower extremity lymphedema. Average age and symptom duration was 37.8 years and 162 months, respectively. The average lymph-edema stage was classified as Stage II in 66.7% of patients. Average followup was 12.2 months. VLNT was used in most cases (69.2%) while LVB was used in the remainder of patients. The average overall circumference reduction was 3.6 cm with more improvement seen in patients who received VLNT as compared to LVB (4.2cm v. 1.9cm). Improvements in body weight and cellulitis occurrence was significantly improved in the VLNT cohort (p<0.05). In addition, patient reported QoL domains related to function , appearance, symptoms, and mood were significantly improved following VLNT (p<0.05 in all domains) as compared to LVB (p>0.05 in all domains). concluSIon: Lymphatic microsurgical procedures are valuable treatment options for patients with primary lymphedema. Vascularized lymph node transfer appears to result in improved overall outcomes as compared to lympho-venous bypass procedures in this specific patient population. Improvements in objective clinical measures (limb circumference , body weight, and cellulitis occurrence) correlate well with improved patient reported quality of life parameters. BAcKGround: The nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is a defining feature of a woman's breast anatomy that is often lost following mastectomy and breast reconstruction. Numerous methods of nipple-areolar reconstruction have been described, yet 1 in 3 patients report dissatisfaction with the final results.


It is well known that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzes the thiol-disulfide exchange reactions and is believed to be responsible in the formation of disulfides during the synthesis of disulfide containing proteins. It has been reported in this laboratory that the native disulfide bonds of insulin can be regenerated from the scrambled or S-sulfonated chains with reasonably good yields and from the Al-B29 crosslinked insulin


In multimedia quality assessment, observer ratings are typically averaged into mean opinion scores (MOS) to obtain a subjective ground truth for a set of stimuli. Valuable information about individual observer rating behaviour and interobserver differences is lost during this process. Such information, however, can be useful to improve subjective experiment procedures and quality of experience prediction models. In this paper, we therefore present an inter-observer analysis framework that tackles the quality assessment problem from an inverse angle, setting the focus on individual observer differences rather than stimuli differences. The framework consists of a set of procedures for inter-observer analysis as well as the necessary considerations during pre-processing and post-processing. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness that sole consideration of MOS simplifies quality assessment too much, especially given the ever increasing complexity of multimedia quality assessment.


METHOD FOR PLACING AN DECONTAMINATION SOLUTION IN A NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATOR FOR RADIOACTIVE DECONTAMINATION THEREOF. THE LEVEL OF DECONTAMINATION SOLUTION IN TUBES 38 HEAT EXCHANGE OF STEAM GENERATOR IS NUCLEAR CONTROL SO AS TO BE HIGH SEQUENTIALLY LOWER THEN, SO AS TO RESTORE DECONTAMINATION SOLUTION IN TUBES 38 AND REMOVING RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS.


Due to the nonlinear, strong coupling and uncertain parameters of the new energy four-wheel hub motor, it is more difficult to control the torque of the motor. In order to solve this problem, a torque control method of the new energy four-wheel hub motor based on the distribution algorithm is proposed. The dynamic model of the new energy four-wheel hub motor is established, and the unmeasurable flux, electric power and other state variables in the motor model are derived according to the degree of freedom of the body. The whole four-wheel hub motor is taken as the research object, and the optimal efficiency of the drive system is taken as the goal, and the distribution algorithm is used to control the electromagnetic torque of the motor. The simulation results show that after the torque control of new energy four wheel hub motor, the driving range of the vehicle is longer, the amplitude of stator flux changes little, the stator current changes and the stability of motor speed are good, and the torque control effect is better.


Comparison of chalk on the Ontong Java Plateau and chalk in the Central North Sea indicates that, whereas pressure dissolution is controlled by effective burial stress, pore‐filling cementation is controlled by temperature. Effective burial stress is caused by the weight of all overlying water and sediments as counteracted by the pressure in the pore fluid, so the regional overpressure in the Central North Sea is one reason why the two localities have different relationships between temperature and effective burial stress. In the chalk of the Ontong Java Plateau the onset of calcite‐silicate pressure dissolution around 490 m below sea floor (bsf) corresponds to an interval of waning porosity‐decline, and even the occurrence of proper stylolites from 830 m bsf is accompanied by only minor porosity reduction. Because opal is present, the pore‐water is relatively rich in Si which through the formation of Ca–silica complexes causes an apparent super‐saturation of Ca and retards cementation. The onset of massive pore‐filling cementation at 1100 m bsf may be controlled by the temperature‐dependent transition from opal‐CT to quartz. In the stylolite‐bearing chalk of two wells in the Gorm and Tyra fields, the nannofossil matrix shows recrystallization but only minor pore‐filling cement, whereas microfossils are cemented. Cementation in Gorm and Tyra is thus partial and has apparently not been retarded by opal‐controlled pore‐water. A possible explanation is that, due to the relatively high temperature, silica has equilibrated to quartz before the onset of pressure dissolution and thus, in this case, dissolution and precipitation of calcite have no lag. This temperature versus effective burial stress induced difference in diagenetic history is of particular relevance when exploring for hydrocarbons in normally pressured chalk, while most experience has been accumulated in the over‐pressured chalk of the central North Sea.


Vinylcyclopropanes (VCP) are important synthons in organic synthesis because of the presence of a highly strained ring system in conjugation with a carbon–carbon double bond, thus enabling these compounds to participate in a wide range of reactions. This structural motif is found in numerous naturally occurring optically active compounds that are important intermediates in the biosynthesis of terpenes. Furthermore, these compounds are prone to pyrolysis, electrophilic ring opening, and acid-catalyzed rearrangement, thus leading to structurally interesting compounds. Herein, a one-pot synthesis of enantiomerically pure bicyclic amidines from bicyclic vinylcyclopropanes is reported (Scheme 1). Amidines have attracted considerable interest owing to their diverse applications in the fields of chemistry


Abstract : The principal process parameters studied were the delivery of reinforcement an resin impregnation. v ariations of the standard ECG 150 -1/0 yarn were investigated. A study of the rate of loading was conducted to determine its ef ect n laminate ultimate strength. Evaluation o the parameters was primarily accomplished by comparison of the p ysical laminate properties obtained, along with the ultimate strengths developed by biaxially loaded test specimens. The effectiveness of the application of optimun process parameters to a practical structure was investigated by the fabrication an test of everal typical rocket motor cases. In delivery, the tension magnitude an uniformity greatly in luenced both the physical and mechanical properties of the laminate. Viscosity f the resin system was the most critical parameter affecting impregnation. T e glass fiber strength o production yarn, ECG 15 -1/0, was equivalent to the same type environmentally pr tected yarn and environmentally pr tected roving. Load rate control as essential in magnitude of the failure stress and the mo e f ailure. (Author)


The act of whistle-blowing came into prominence when two
women blew the whistle on corporate financial fraud in two of the largest corporate frauds in the US history. Sherron Watkins of Enron and Cynthia Cooper of WorldCom were responsible for exposing the senior management of their companies for manipulating the financial records. Another woman, Coleen Rowley of the FBI, blew the whistle on the management at the FBI Office.


Freedom becomes impossible without individuals' socioeconomic independence. The great inequalities generate enormous disparities of power. The great asymmetries of power characteristic of current societies give rise to a lack of real freedom that affects most of the population. This portion of the population, which is far from being insignificant from a numerical point of view, has no guarantee of its citizen existence since it lacks freedom as non-domination. Basic Income constitutes a valuable mechanism for making the right to existence of the whole population a reality, since it would increase the power of negotiation of poor and dominated people.


Post-myocardial infarction (MI), chemokine homing of inflammatory cells into injured myocardium regulates ventricular remodeling, in part by stimulating the extracellular matrix (ECM) response. The...


The Bekesy audiometer has been adapted to our needs in animal research by substituting for their organic counterparts an extracorporeal decision‐maker and button‐pusher. In this system, the electrical response to a continuing tonal stimulus from the Bekesy audiometer is picked up from any suitable cochlear electrode(s), amplified as usual, and submitted to the decision‐maker. This device, functioning as an autocorrelating coherence detector, operates a relay substitute for the button‐pusher. As the expected signal rises above or falls below the predetermined threshold level, the relay feeds back this information to the Bekesy attenuator motor, thus controlling the stimulus level as usual in Bekesy audiometry. This system permits continuous tracking of "thresholds" at levels well below the background noise and is expected to facilitate study of recovery from temporary threshold shift following various types of cochlear insult.


That amytal may have an effect on carbohydrate metabolism is indicated by the finding that dogs under amytal anesthesia exhibit a decreased capacity to assimilate injected glucose. 1 , 2 This problem can perhaps be more readily investigated by employing the "glucose tolerance test." In our experiments this consisted in administering 2 gm. Pfanstiehl glucose per kilo body weight dissolved in 50 cc. water, followed by 100 cc. water. The changes in arterial (femoral) blood sugar were then followed at half hour intervals for 3 hours. In unanesthetized dogs the blood sugar rose to a maximum of some 300 mgm. within about one hour, and at the end of 3 hours had fallen to about 180 mgm. Out of 5 dogs under amytal which were given sugar by means of a stomach tube, 3 showed no rise in blood sugar, and the other 2 showed a rise of only 10 mgm. In our experiments amytal per se produced no change in blood sugar (cf. Page, 3 Weiss 4 and others). One of these dogs was killed at the close of the test and the pyloric sphincter was found tightly closed, all the sugar still remaining in the stomach. The abdomen of another amytalizecl dog was opened and sugar injected by syringe directly into the stomach. Again there was no rise in blood sugar during the following 3 hours, and again the sphincter was seen to be tightly closed. The stomach was emptied, washed out, and sugar now injected directly into the duodenum. This time there was a distinct rise in blood sugar, but the maximum reached was less than 2/3 the maximum when the test was tried on this same dog unanesthetized, and the blood sugar fell to normal before the end of the 3 hours.


In this paper,a simulation model of the internal flow fields of orifice,mixing chamber and the mixing tube,as well as the influence of convergence angle on the flow field based on the software of FLUENT are developed and verified.It shows that the waterjet velocity can be predicted well by the orifice internal flow field.It also can be seen that the air and water interface has a series of whirlpools in the mixing chamber.as well as the end of the cone is filled with low-speed water.The water speed is increased significantly when the cone angle is 45°.


In order to simulate and visualize the internal processes and performance of two-stage pulse tube coolers operating in the 4 K-temperatures, a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical model is proposed to follow the exact tracks of gas particles as they move with pressure oscillation in the pulse tube and to simulate the detailed variations of dynamic parameters in the regenerators. A variety of physical factors, including real thermal properties of helium gas, multi-layered magnetic regenerative materials, pressure drop and heat transfer in the regenerator, are taken into account in this model. Predicted results of the time-variations of gas temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, enthalpy flow, in the 1st- and 2nd-stage regenerators are presented. Particular attention is given to the effects of different regenerative materials on the performance of 4 K two-stage pulse tube coolers.


In Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging taken on 2014 November 10, four images of supernova (SN) "Refsdal" (redshift z = 1.49) appeared in an Einstein-cross-like configuration (images S1–S4) around an early-type galaxy in the cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 (z = 0.54). Almost all lens models of the cluster have predicted that the SN should reappear within a year in a second host-galaxy image created by the cluster's potential. In HST observations taken on 2015 December 11, we find a new source at the predicted position of the new image of SN Refsdal approximately 8 ″ ?> from the previous images S1–S4. This marks the first time the appearance of a SN at a particular time and location in the sky was successfully predicted in advance! We use these data and the light curve from the first four observed images of SN Refsdal to place constraints on the relative time delay and magnification of the new image (SX) compared to images S1–S4. This enables us, for the first time, to test "blind" lens model predictions of both magnifications and time delays for a lensed SN. We find that the timing and brightness of the new image are consistent with the blind predictions of a fraction of the models. The reappearance illustrates the discriminatory power of this blind test and its utility to uncover sources of systematic uncertainty. From planned HST photometry, we expect to reach a precision of 1%–2% on the time delay between S1–S4 and SX.


A method of providing content (130) associated with a weight-value, the content (130) previously provided to a current computer associated with a current user (116) that is represented by a first node (106) in a social network (101). The method comprises the steps of: i) enabling the current computer (216) to display the content (130), in dependence of the weight-value, ii) obtaining an input of the current user (116), iii) updating the weight-value of the content (130), in dependence of the input of the current user (116), iv) determining a receiving computer associated with a second node (107) in the social network (101), and v) providing the content (130) to the receiving computer. Corresponding computers, computer program and computer readable medium are also described.


An important feature of the existing methods for ranked top-k processing is to avoid searching all the objects in the underlying dataset, and limiting the number of random accesses to the data. However, the performance of these methods degrades rapidly as the number of random accesses increases. In this paper, we propose a novel and general sequential access scheme for top-k query evaluation, which outperforms existing methods. We extend this scheme to efficiently answer top-k queries in subspace and on dynamic data. We also study the "dual" form of top-k queries called "ranking" queries, which returns the rank of a specified record/object, and propose an exact as well as two approximate solutions. An extensive empirical evaluation validates the robustness and efficiency of our techniques.


To the Editor: I read with interest the recent article by Dougados et al (1) regarding the "symptomatic efficacy" of etanercept and its effect on objective signs of inflammation in patients with early nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). The study population comprised patients who fulfilled the current Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axial SpA (2). Patients were excluded from the study if they had radiographic sacroiliitis (grades 3–4 unilaterally or grade 2 bilaterally) or definite ankylosing spondylitis (AS) according to the 1984 modified New York criteria (3). Based on these criteria, one would suspect that patients who were included would have axial skeletal manifestations, including inflammatory back pain, but no or only infrequent peripheral arthritis. Surprisingly, past or present arthritis was recorded in 47.2% of patients in the etanercept group and 52.3% of those in the placebo group at baseline. The mean SD swollen joint count was 0.9 2.0 in the etanercept group and 0.9 2.2 in the placebo group, which represents the typical monarticular/oligoarticular joint pattern observed in patients with SpA. Moreover, the clinical impact of peripheral arthritis is illustrated by the observation that at baseline, 19.8% of patients in the etanercept group and 19.3% of those in the placebo group reported concomitant disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use. Of note, inflammatory back pain, the key symptom of axial skeleton involvement, was not present in all patients (83% of those in the etanercept group and 84.4% of those in the placebo group), and the findings of magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints were not always positive (82.1% and 79.8%, respectively). These characteristics of a mixed clinical profile in the study population (i.e., both axial and peripheral involvement) prompted me to make the following comments. First, the high frequency of arthritis in patients classified as having nonradiographic axial SpA seems to negate the concept of predominantly axial manifestations. However, other trials of anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA also included patients with past or present peripheral involvement (range 26.9– 54.4%) (Table 1) (4–8). In a large observational cohort study


This study presents a review of the comprehension problems encountered by six pairs of adult speakers of French L2 during the completion of three communicative and interactive tasks with speakers from the same or different L1 language background. Excerpts of their interactions revealed that the problems encountered and the communication strategies used to solve these problems were not dependent on language background, but rather on the speakers' proficiency level in the L2 and their knowledge of necessary vocabulary for task completion. Pedagogical and acquisitional implications that emerged from the analysis are presented, including the importance of explicitly teaching a repertoire of communication strategies related to specific difficulties.


The study covers most of the industrial (manufacturing) groups under the International Standard Industrial Classification at the three-digit level. Given the disparity in the size of groups and the way in which the sample was drawn, the results are presented for thirty-seven industrial groups. The estimates have been done for the corporate sector only. Of course, it would have been desirable to work with the noncorporate sector as well, but the necessary data were not available. Estimates of rate of return are useful for several purposes: 1. They provide a basic tool for project evaluation, both social and private. The discussion about the appropriate discount rate for social projects has been thoroughly reviewed in the literature. Professor Harberger has concluded that the appropriate rate is a weighted average of the private sector marginal productivity of capital and the net of tax yield on private savings. The estimates obtained in Section II provide useful information to approximate that rate. 2. Knowledge of rates of return in different sectors would also allow us to evaluate whether the allocation of capital among different areas is efficient or not. If we can show that there are significant differences among rates of return of different sectors, that these do not tend to narrow down over time, and that investment in the sectors with higher rates of return does lot increase in relation to other sectors, generally this would constitute evidence of a malfunctioning of the capital market. A partial evaluation along this line is made in Section II. 1 This article is based on material included in the Ph.D. dissertation presented in the


There are a variety of methods to grasp an object. An internal force control is used to grasp an object and be compliant when an external disturbance is applied. simultaneously. An internal force control for a ball type object is not proper for a box type object grasping due to the error between an origin of the object reference frame and information about the center of mass (CoM) of the object. This paper considers dynamic situation during internal force control and suggests a proper control strategy for box type objects compared to the ball type object. To validate the proposed algorithm, internal force control using Allegro hand is conducted and showed competent results.


RGK proteins (Kir/Gem, Rad, Rem, and Rem2) form a small subfamily of the Ras superfamily. Despite a conserved GTP binding core domain, several differences suggest that structure, mechanism of action, and functional regulation differ from Ras. RGK proteins down-regulate voltage-gated calcium channel activity by binding in a GTP-dependent fashion to the Cavβ subunits. Mutational analysis combined with homology modeling reveal a novel effector binding mechanism distinct from that of other Ras GTPases. In this model the Switch 1 region acts as an allosteric activator that facilitates electrostatic interactions between Arg-196 in Kir/Gem and Asp-194, -270, and -272 in the nucleotide-kinase (NK) domain of Cavβ3 and wedging Val-223 and His-225 of Kir/Gem into a hydrophobic pocket in the NK domain. Kir/Gem interacts with a surface on the NK domain that is distinct from the groove where the voltage-gated calcium channel Cavα1 subunit binds. A complex composed of the RGK protein and the Cavβ3 and Cav1.2 subunits could be revealed in vivo using coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Intriguingly, docking of the RGK protein to the NK domain of the Cavβ subunit is reminiscent of the binding of GMP to guanylate kinase.


The only way for the economic zone on the west side of Taiwan Straits to take off is to carry out the developing program strictly based on the ideology of circular economy,though there exist some negative factors. This article aims to offer some countermeasures on how to exploit the advantages for the development of circular economy while eliminating the negative factors.


Objective The purpose is to analyze the value of detection of serum tumor markers and nuclein bone imaging in the diagnosis of early bone metastasis in lung cancer.Methods 70 benign lung disease patients as a comparative group and their serum CEA,CYFR21-1,NSE were detected with a chemical luminiferous were selected immunity analysis method.For 65 regular lung cancer patients,their nuclide bone imaging of the whole body with SPECT was made,and at the same time,their serum CEA,CYFR21-1,and NSE were surveyed.Results The positive rate and density of serum CEA,CYFR21-1,NSE of lung cancer patients with bone metastasis are obviously higher than those of patients without bone metastasis or with benign lung disease.Meanwhile,when the positive group of bone imaging and the negative group of bone imaging are compared with the group of benign lung disease respectively,CEA,CYFR211 and NSE showed significant difference(P0.01).Conclusion The detection of serum tumor marker is helpful to make clear the nature of pathological changes in the lung cancer patients whose nuclein bone imagings are unusual.


Abstract : When the Indo-Pakistani War broke out on 3 December 1971, both the U.S. and the USSR had normal naval contingents in the Indian Ocean. The war led to record force levels for both powers--14 combatants and auxiliaries for the U.S., 26 for the Soviets. There was another 'outsider' on the scene--the British Far East Fleet, with at least 17 warships and auxiliaries. No satisfactory account has been published of superpower naval diplomacy during the crisis. U.S. aims are still uncertain. There is even less clarity about USSR behavior--the forces deployed, their targets and objectives. To unravel the naval events surrounding the Indo-Pakistan crisis might link policy and reflect on the whole in the light of previous cases of coercive diplomacy. Perhaps some lessons of general application can be derived.


Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is classically used in U-Pb dating to measure U and Pb isotopic concentrations. Recently, it has become frequently used in fission-track (FT) chronometry too. As an advantage, the U-Pb and FT double dating will enable efficiently determining the crystallization ages and the thermo-tectonic history concurrently as samples volume, analytical time, efforts, and cost will be greatly reduced. To demonstrate the validity of this approach, a Younger granite (Ediacaran age) sample from North Eastern Desert (NED), Egypt was analyzed for U-Pb and FT double dating. The integration of multiple geochronologic data yielded a zircon U-Pb crystallization age of 599 ± 30 Ma, after emplacement, the rock cooled /uplifted rapidly to depths of 9–14 km as response to the post-Pan African Orogeny erosional event as indicated by apatite U-Pb age of 474 ± 9 Ma. Afterwards, the area experienced a slow cooling/exhumation for a short period, most-likely as response to denudation effect. During the Devonian, the area was rapidly exhumed to reach depths of 1.5–3 km as response to the Hercynian tectonic event, as indicated by a zircon FT age of 347 ± 16 Ma. Then the studied sample has experienced a relatively long period of thermal stability between the Carboniferous and the Eocene. During the Oligocene-Miocene, the Gulf of Suez opening event affected the area by crustal uplift to its current elevation. This integration of Orogenic and thermo-tectonic information reveals the validity, efficiency, and importance of double dating of U-Pb and FT techniques using LA-ICP-MS methodology.


Scientific novelty of work is in revealing the key aspects of understanding the nature and characteristics of contemporary processes of communication at various levels of socially organized matter, in identifying their most significant features in conditions of the actual information society. The article expresses the view that in modern society, reality is manifested in the form of "normal accidens", and in this context some of the most illustrative trends of modern social development, that are manifested in various aspects of human activity are highlighted that are the "normal accidents". It is substantiated that modern network communications are characterized by non-linearity, absence of a core and hierarchy, which affects the dynamics of society. Conclusions. New forms of communication are multidirectional and ambiguous: on the one hand, they are a continuation and a new measurement of the traditionally established forms of public communication and, on the other hand, they are socio-cultural innovations capable of a new influence on the quality of life of an individual, functionality and dynamics of society and its institutions development.


States. Few images reach them through the printed word, and, although half of the movies shown each week in the Mexican theaters are about the United States, almost all are "Westerns" which depict an outmoded if not fantastic version of American society and culture. On the other hand, they have a good deal of experience with Americans directly. The majority of adult males in many small towns in such centrally located states as Michoacan or Jalisco have been in the United States, and in nearly every Mexican town and urban neighborhood will be found some residents who have visited the country. Millions of contrabandos, or "wetbacks," cross the border each year for varying lengths of time, and virtually every Mexican has some close friend or relative who is a permanent resident in the United States. The number of upperand middle-class Mexicans who have been students in American universities and who thereby "know" Americans and United States civilization is small compared with that of lower-class migrants.


Abstract In order to adequately understand civil society in China, it is necessary to examine the different types of organizations that comprise civil society and the transformation of the legal system in which civil society organizations (CSOs) exist in China today. This article first presents a summary of the roles and relative positions of each type of CSO in the "institutional space" the Chinese government has allowed as it refers to the organizational "map" of Chinese civil society. Second, it shows how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with the aim of controlling and managing CSOs, established and maintained a strict control system from the formation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 until the end of the last century. Next, it further traces how the party-state, since becoming a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, has implemented systemic reforms regarding civil society in response to rapid changes in Chinese domestic society-yet one may interpret the series of legal reforms in recent years as a scheme for further incorporating civil society into the CCP's ruling system. It concludes by stressing the importance of keeping an eye on the "institutional space" for the future development of civil society in China.


A prerequisite for relevant functions is, however, a processor-orien-tated medical information system in which digital patients' records are also integrated. The main emphasis is, however, on the supporting function of such systems – digital auto-matism cannot replace the physician's autonomy of action, nor may it restrict it in any way. Under this pro-viso, medically-oriented clinical information systems can make a major contribution to modern health care, and become just as effective an instrument as medical technological informatics already are.


This paper aims at investigating the factors associated with the practice of exclusive
breastfeeding (EBF) in babies younger than six months old in the city of Niteroi, Rio de
Janeiro, on 2006, as well as comparing the EBF prevalences obtained on 2003 and 2006, according to age categories in months. In both inquiries, interviews were held with the children´s caregivers, selected through probability sampling, which attended the Nacional Vaccination Campaign in the district (2003, n=893; 2006, n=616). The prevalence ratios (crude and adjusted), obtained by log-binomial regression, were used to estimate the association between independent variables and the outcome. There was
an increase in the practice of EBF in 13,4% from 2003 to 2006. For babies younger than six months old, the variables that were associated with EBF in the final model were: child´s age (PR 0|-2 = 3,52; CI95%=2,51-4,94 and PR 2|-4 = 2,76; CI95% = 1,93-3,93),multiparity ( PR =1,27; CI 95% =1,07-1,51), the non-use of pacifier (PR =1,32; CI 95%
= 1,11-1,58), and the fact that the child was never hospitalized (PR = 1,60; CI 95% = 1,02 -2,49). For those children younger than four months, the variables associated with EBF, were child´s age (PR 0|-2 meses = 1,31; CI95% = 1,1-1,57), the non-offering of other milks on the first day after hospital discharge (PR= 2,20; CI 95% = 1,50-3,22), the non-use of pacifier (PR = 1,23; CI 95% = 1,03-1,46) and multiparity (PR = 1,25; CI 95% = 1,05-1,47). Despite the improvements observed in the practice of EBF in the city, we are still far from the recommended, which establishes that all children should
receive only breast milk up to six months old. Thus, we must invest in the qualification
of health workers so that they can protect, support and encourage the practice of EBF
during the prenatal, delivery and postpartum, providing appropriate support for all mothers, specially those who never had children, discouraging the use of pacifiers and other types of milk at home, after hospital discharge.


Continuous environmental monitoring using distributed sensor networks produces an enormous amount of data. Getting an understanding of such a big data set can be hard. Having a visualization tool can help a lot in such a case by displaying the relevant data extracted using various filters. Recently, a new seismic sensor platform was deployed in the Swiss Alps, which in contrast to previously deployed seismic sensors records single events instead of continuous signals. Therefore, a new visualization tool is needed, which allows to analyse and compare this new type of seismic data. This thesis presents such a visualization tool. By using user specifiable processing algorithms utilising parameters, which are dynamically changeable in the user interface, we enable the filtering of signals in a flexible manner. We show, that our tool enables clean, flexible visualizations which run normal consumer devices without having to rely in a powerful server.


Objective To investigate the effects of natakalim on mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel(mitoK_(ATP)) in rat brain.Methods The Clark-type electrode was used to detect the oxygen consumption rate of brain mitochondria isolated from Wistar rats.Absorbance of the mitochondrial suspension at 540nm was monitored by spectrophotometric method to assess the mitochondrial matrix volume change.Results Natakalim accelerated the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate by(7.58±2.76)%(P0.05),which was abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD),a specific mitoK_(ATP) channel blocker.In addition,absorbance of mitochondrial suspension at 540 nm was decreased by natakalim,suggesting enlargement of mitochondrial matrix volume(P0.01).This effect was also abolished by 5-HD(P0.01).Conclusion Natakalim can activate the brain mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in rat.


Eight fragment peptides of 25 residues each and one 26-residue fragment,covering the entire 226 amino acid sequence of human hepatitis surface antigen(HBsAg,subtype ayw),were synthesized by the solid-phase method and partially purified by gel-filtration.In addition,two fragment peptides(26-and 29-residue peptides)which cover the 55 amino acid sequence encoded in the pre-S2 gene were also synthesized and partially purified.These partially purified peptides were submitted to immunological screening.In the in vitro enzyme linked immunoassay(ELISA),a 26residue pre-S2 gene peptide(positions 1-26)exhibited relatively high reactivity against antiHBsAg antisera.In the in vivo assay,three fragment peptides(positions 51-75,101-125,and preS2 1-26),with relatively high hydrophilicity were shown to be immunogenic in rabbit without coupling to a carrier protein.


Following a brief review of the research course and a further definitio n and discussion of some concepts of time prediction of landslide,the paper poin ts out problems in the present time prediction of landslides and advances fundam ental ideas and technical courses of GMD model for landslide prediction based on the author's years of research.


This study examines and describe the ambulance nurse's experience of nursing documentation in single responder and the transfer of the documentation to other care levels.  A qualitative design was used with focus group interviews as data collection method to enhance knowledge of the everyday experience of nursing documentation. The ambulance service in Sweden is a profession in transition that evolved from being a transport organization to provide advanced medical care and nursing. However, all patients do not need advanced medical treatment and the Single responder is an alternative resource to the ambulance that is used when no life-threatening conditions exists. However, the nurse faces a number of challenges when documenting nursing care interventions related to technological development and the mismatch between the care offered and people's demands and needs. Even though nursing care documentation is key to enhance and develop patient safety within a young field as ambulance service. There is a lack of a coherent documentation system and two themes emerged through content analyzes which conveyed how nursing care becomes invisible and how nursing care interventions are communicated through a hidden language. There are serious shortcomings in the transfer of nursing documentation to other care levels as well as deficiencies in the nursing documentation. Which jeopardizes the quality of care and patient safety as well as a systematic development of nursing care in this field.


The multiple uses of fossil fuels make them depleted in the coming years. Also, the large amount of pollution produced by the use of this fuel has made the world seriously think of environmentally familiar alternative sources of energy. Universal energy is vast and diverse energy, with the ability to cover the individual's energy needs in various fields in the coming years. The focus of this study was a parabolic dish system. There are different uses solar of parabolic dish applications that can be limited by two main groups: thermal generation and electric power generation. A thermal generation used to generate steam, solar cooking, water heating, and water distillation. The briefly objective is to review and analysis the thermal generation published by taken into considering used parabolic collector system. Also, evaluate solar dish operators in differences covering like, the composition of concentrators, the material of reflector, receiver design, parabolic dish diameter, rim angle, and focal length. These characteristics drive to entire structure possible for a parabolic dish. Finally, this article may be useful for the new research worker to consider the requirement for Thermal solar generation integrated with a parabolic dish.


............................................................................................................................ IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................ V TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. IX LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... X CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3 OUTLINE OF THESIS ............................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................................... 6 REMOTE SENSING OF KEY GRASSLAND NUTRIENTS USING HYPERSPECTRAL TECHNIQUES IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA ......... 6 2.1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................ 10 2.3.1 The study site .......................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Field sampling ......................................................................................................... 12 2.3.3 Chemical analysis ................................................................................................... 12 2.3.4 In-situ field spectral measurements ........................................................................ 12 2.4 DATA ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 14 2.4.1 Spectra evaluation and absorption features ............................................................. 14 2.4.2 Random forest regression analysis.......................................................................... 16


We describe the fabrication and evaluation of a thick pixelated scintillator for megavoltage (MV) imaging composed of a ceramic containing over 99.9% gadolium oxysulfide. This sintered material offers a 59% increase in density over the Lanex Fast B (LFB) phosphor screens most commonly employed in MV imaging. The sintered pixelated array (SPA) is fabricated from a single slab of ceramic. This obviates the need to assemble over a million separate crystals in order to cover a 40.96cm × 40.96cm detector area. As a consequence, the design is amenable to fabrication using methods of mass production. Method and Materials: A 1.8mm‐thick 274 × 250 pixel SPA with 0.4mm pixel pitch is attached to the light‐sensitive surface of an amorphous silicon flat panel detector (Perkin Elmer XRD1640AN). Image quality is characterized using 1MU exposures of the 6MV beam of a Siemens Primus Linac. A QC‐3V phantom is employed to calculate the modulation transfer function(MTF) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). The detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is computed. A LFB screen is then evaluated under identical conditions for comparative purposes. Cone beam CT(CBCT)imaging is performed with four arrays tiled side‐by‐side on the detector surface. Results: The half‐maximum value of MTF occurs at 0.32 and 0.34lp/mm for the SPA and LFB, respectively. The DQE(0.1lp/mm) of SPA is 5.8%, versus 1.0% for LFB. The SPA offers a 235% improvement in CNR over LFB. Previously undetectable low‐contrast phantom inserts are clearly visible in SPA MV‐CBCT images.Conclusions: The SPA appears to offer a practical and cost‐effective means of attaining major improvements in MV image quality. The measured MTF and DQE values underestimate the achievable performance, since the SPA and detector photodiode arrays were imperfectly aligned during these evaluations. A DQE(0) value closer to the maximum attainable 7.8% is expected. Conflict of Interest: Sponsored by Siemens.


The effects of a viscous solvent on the damping and softening of the vibrational modes of a long molecule in solution are studied by considering the solution of the equations of motion for the vibrations of the molecule coupled to the equations of motion of the fluid. These can be transformed to an equation for the vibrations of the molecule with an effective self‐energy term, which takes account of the effect of the solvent. The inclusion of this term in the equations used in lattice dynamical calculations is proposed as a simple way of including the effects of the solvent in such calculations. When this method is applied to van Zandt's cylinder model for acoustic vibrations of DNA, the gigahertz frequency acoustic modes are found to be over damped when the zero frequency value of the viscosity of water is used, although under‐damped modes occur if the viscosity is half this value. The method, when applied to the low frequency interchain optic mode, predicts that its frequency should drop to zero at high...


The micro-structure of stems in 4 populations of Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim is studied comprehensively.The results show that the structure of stem of Fritillaria przewalskii is consisted of epidermis,cortex and primary vascular tissue.The stem structure adapts to shade and humid habitat of alpine and subalpine mountains.The differences of thickness of cuticle,cortex,sclerenchyma cell layer,and differences of diameter of vascular(inner cycle) bundle within or among populations are closely related to living conditions.It means that the populations of Fritillaria przewalskii have strong adaptability to habitat.


This issue of Pediatric Research contains an article with the provocative title "Are Moderate Degrees of Hyperbilirubinemia in Healthy Term Infants Really Safe for the Brain," This is an extremely important matter, one that has been considered and studied for many years. Recommendations and guidelines for the management of hyperbilirubinemia have been developed to avoid damage to the infant. One assumption has been that there is a "safe" level of plasma bilirubin, below which there is no risk of brain damage; alternatively it has been suggested that even "safe" levels may produce subtle neuronal damage. This issue also includes several Commentaries and one Editorial, discussing this problem. The titles of the Commentaries - "Just when you thought it was safe," "Do we need to change what we are doing," "Does hyperbilirubinemia cause brain damage in apparently healthy newborns?" - suggest that there is considerable concern about this matter: We have brought this matter to the attention of our readers because of the importance of the topic, the number of children who might be affected and the need for more caution in the management of the jaundiced newborn. The uncertainty and concern expressed in all these articles suggest the need for additional, carefully designed prospective studies to determine whether newborn babies are being harmed by what have been considered to be "safe" levels of plasma bilirubin. We welcome comments from our readers about this most important and unresolved problem.


Objective To investigate the effect of metformin combined with insulin on renal function and islet beta cell function in treatment of type 2 diabetes. Methods 278 cases of diabetic nephropathy patients were randomized, double-blind divided into metformin combined with insulin treatment group(experimental group), insulin treatment group(control group), compared UAER, 24h-urinary proteins and islet beta cell function of two groups. Results After treatment, UAER and 24-urine proteins of two groups were decreased significantly, the difference had statistical significance to those before treatment(P 0.05), the decreased degree of experimental group was more obvious to the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05); HOMA-B, HOMA-IR, 1h INs/FINS of two groups had statistically significant difference to those before treatment(P 0.05), and the difference between the two groups was significant(P 0.05), statistically significant differences in FINS was found between that before and that after treatment(P 0.05), but the difference between the two groups was not significant(P 0.05); ISI before treatment had no difference to that after treatment, so did the difference between the two groups(P 0.05). ConclusionMetformin combined with insulin can improve the insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic patients, improve renal function, it is a feasible plan for treatment of diabetes.


: The consumption of chicken meat is increasing day by day because of its popularity in non-vegetarian population. India's total chicken meat consumption for 2017 is forecast at 4.49 million metric tons. The development of poultry production not only increases the valuable products like chicken meats but also the poultry waste. In recent years, around 12.1 million tons of poultry waste produced in India from poultry industries. These wastes produce volatile organic carbon, harmful carbon dioxide and leachates, which is harmful for the humankind as well as environment. The utilization of these waste as valuable products will not only surplus the economy but also protect from human and environmental hazard. In the present work fibre, reinforced composite was developed and their mechanical properties were determined. The poultry wastes like feathers of the chicken was converted into fibers and used as the reinforcing material in the developed polymer based composites. Mechanical properties of waste chicken feather fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites were studied. The microstructure observations indicate the uniform distribution of fibers in vinyl ester matrix. Mechanical properties of pure resins and chicken keratin fiber composites were compared and observed that fiber reinforced composites have better mechanical properties under 10 wt. % of fiber loading than neat resin. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the mutual relationship among different parameters obtained in this study. The investigation is to convert the poultry wastes into useful products, which can be used in different industrial applications such as automobile, aircraft and building materials. Keratin fibers were dissolved in alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of swelling agent and mixed with poly vinyl alcohol before the electro-spun process. It was examined that regeneration of keratin is suitable for producing high resistant keratin fiber due to the absence of cysteine residues in disulphide bonds [13]. In another study, chicken feathers were washed with 5% of non-ionic liquid soap solution followed by rinsing and drying in natural light. Then the feathers were sterilized for 30 min at 21 ºC in 95% of ethanol. After the sterilization process, feathers were rinsed with water and dried in atmospheric condition. It was found that internal barb of feathers have several void which is appeared in SEM [14]. The chicken feather was also extracted by sterilization process with water three times, detergent and 5% of sodium chlorite. It was observed that fibers have potential of spinning and textile applications based on the comfort, touch, liquid permeability, lightness, brightness and its structural properties [15]. Chicken feathers was soaked in alcohol for 24 hours, washed with water soluble organic solvent and then dried in furnace under 60 ºC for 24 hours. The length of fibers were 10 – 30 mm separated from quill using scissors. After the extraction, the fiber was used as reinforcement material in PLA composite which showed the improvement in mechanical and thermal properties [16]. The chicken feather fiber reinforced with vinyl ester and polyester showed that there is decrease in flexural and tensile property due to increase in fiber content [17]. The potential of chicken feather composites for electronic application realizes that there is lower value of dielectric properties compared with other commercial printed circuit boards [18]. From the literature survey, it has shown that washing and sterilization process improves the potential of chicken feather fiber, which can be applied as reinforcement material in polymer materials. The main objective of this paper to study the chemical treatment and effect of fiber reinforcement on mechanical and morphological properties of polymer composites,


This essay addresses the issue of cuts in the cultural sector in Greece during the last five years and its consequences on the sustainability of artistic production, institutional survival and emerging forms of collaboration, self-management and art in public space. It describes new practices and strategies of cultural institutions and the relationship between the private and public spheres. Long-term artistic projects, such as the Athens and Thessaloniki Biennale, public museums like the State Museum of Contemporary Art, private organizations and artist initiatives are discussed in the context of crisis.


Purpose – To combine the forecasting by single method using influence information fully, other than regular combined methods only focusing on historical forecasting errors.Design/methodology/approach – To combine the single methods based on the analysis of improved gray correlation, with more related information being considered to enhance the price forecasting precision, such as the trend of the prices, the historical forecasting errors, and the temporal influence factors on prices.Findings – A case of PJM market of USA shows that the proposed method has better performance than any other combined methods, and all single models as well.Research limitations/implications – The combined performance depends on the forecasting precision of single methods, and the correlation between the single methods, as well as the number of single method that to be combined.Practical implications – It is a novel idea for combined method to forecasting the time series data, such as electricity prices, electric power loads.Or...


INTRODUCTION
The Azoth Systems O'Dive bubble monitor is marketed at recreational and professional divers as a tool to improve personal diving decompression safety. We report the use of this tool during a 12-day dive trip aboard a liveaboard vessel.

METHODS
Six divers were consistently monitored according to the user manual of the O'Dive system. Data were synchronised with the Azoth server whenever possible (depending on cell phone data signal). Information regarding ease of use, diver acceptance and influence on dive behaviour were recorded.

RESULTS
In total, 157 dives were completely monitored over 11 diving days. Formal evaluations were only available after six days because of internet connection problems. Sixty-one dives resulted in the detection of bubbles, mostly in one diver, none of which produced any symptoms of decompression illness.

CONCLUSIONS
The O'Dive system may contribute to increasing dive safety by making divers immediately aware of the potential consequences of certain types of diving behaviour. It was noted that bubble monitoring either reinforced divers in their safe diving habits or incited them to modify their dive planning. Whether this is a lasting effect is not known.


We have realized B(C6F5)3-catalyzed three-components tandem reaction of naphthoquinone, indole and maleimide, which has broad adaptability of substrate and good compatibility of functional group, and synthesized 33 examples. After photophysical...


In recent years, agriculture in the Andes has shown greater sensitivity to climate change, favoring processes of soil erosion, retreat of glaciers, loss of vegetation cover, increased intensity of rainfall and alteration in the dynamics of crops in the region such as: potato, quinoa, corn, among others. This motivated many authors to develop regional model simulations to estimate the vulnerability index of these agricultural systems to these climatic events, allowing them to provide a more reliable climatological data in the presence of hot and dry winds. In this review article, the main contributions provided by various researchers regarding the impact of climate change on Andean agriculture are detailed. According to the collected information, it is concluded that climate change in the Andes will cause countries such as Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guyana and Colombia, to increase their local temperature, potential for evapotranspiration and water scarcity, causing the loss of important crops such as rice. In contrast, countries such as Peru, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia and Uruguay will register lower temperatures that will affect their production and yield in crops such as quinoa, potatoes, tarwi, among others.


Four groups of 15 Ss each selected 1 of 2 nouns and gave its plural when it was presented on a 3- × 5-in. index card. Each S was then given a post-conditioning interview. 15 Ss were reinforced by the word "good" for choosing nouns whose plurals were formed by adding the voiced alveolar fricative /z/. 15 were reinforced for choosing plurals formed by adding the unvoiced alveolar fricative /s/. The other two groups were used as /s/ and /z/ controls. Both reinforced groups showed significant conditioning effects when compared with their controls with no significant interaction between reinforcement and phoneme response class. Ss showed a preference for /z/ as compared to /s/ plurals at a statistically significant level. A comparison of conditioning scores for those who were aware of the reinforcement "good" and also those who were not aware of any reinforcement was made with those who were aware of a correlated or correct reinforcement response contingency. Greater awareness produced significantly greater conditioning, indicating that conditioning effects are related to a post-conditioning interview even in a reinforcement response contingency which is not easily discriminable.


There has been an unprecedented generation of healthcare data at clinical practices. With the availability of advanced computing frameworks and the ability to electronically mine data from disparate sources (e.g. demographics, genetics, imaging, treatment, clinical decisions, and outcomes) big data research in medicine has become a very active field of interest. In this paper, we discuss the challenges associated with designing clinical decision support systems that try to leverage such disparate data sources and create smart healthcare tools to aid medical practitioners for better patient care and treatment plans. We next propose an integrated data curation, storage and analytics portal, called HINGE (the Health Information Gateway and Exchange application), that can effectively address many of the outstanding challenges in this domain. HINGE specifically caters to healthcare data from radiation oncology patients however, the underlying formalisms and principles, as discussed here, are readily extendible to other disease types making it an attractive tool for the design of next generation clinical decision support systems.


The study aims to determine the economic value of Komodo National Park (KNP) is an important information for the community and the government, so that area development policy should still consider the possibility of preservation and sustainability. The breakdown was done by descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach with the method of linear regression analysis. While it is to know the economic value of the attractions the KNP approximated by calculating the value of consumer surplus. The results showed that the factor of the cost of the trip, age of travelers, professional backgrounds and income levels have a significant influence on the level of tourist visits to the KNP. The cost of the trip and the age of the negative effect, while the background of the profession and the level of income give effect to a positive against the rate of tourist visits to the KNP. The Total value of the economic attractions of the KNP is estimated at IDR 60,358,019,952,567,-. Economic value this is the value potential that can be achieved if the management can still be maintained.


OBJECTIVE
To understand the importance of services provided by consultant pharmacists and to assess perception of their performance of services.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional; nursing facility team.

SETTING
Random e-mail survey of consultant pharmacists; phone survey of team members.

PARTICIPANTS
233 consultant pharmacists (practicing in a nursing facility); 540 team members (practicing in a nursing facility, interacting with > or = 1 consultant pharmacist): 120 medical directors, 210 directors of nursing, 210 administrators.

INTERVENTION
Consultant pharmacists, directors of nursing, medical directors, and administrators rating importance/performance of 21 services. Gap between teams' ratings of importance and consultant pharmacists' performance is assessed to categorize services.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Importance/performance ranked on five-point scale. Mean scores used for gap analysis to cluster services into four categories.

RESULTS
Per combined group, six services categorized as "Keep It Up" (important, good performance), consensus with individual groups, except discrepancy with medical directors, for one service. Six services each categorized as "Improve" (important, large gap) and "Improve Second" (lower importance, large gap), with varied responses by individual groups. Three different services were categorized into "Don't Worry," with consensus within individual groups.

CONCLUSION
Consensus from all groups found 5 of 21 services are important and performed well by consultant pharmacists, indicating to maintain performance of services. For three services, consultant pharmacists do not need to worry about their performance. Thirteen services require improvement in consultant pharmacists' performance; various groups differ on extent of improvement needed. Results can serve as benchmark comparisons with results obtained by consultant pharmacists in their own facilities.


Carbon pricing is an integral element of the broader climate policy architecture that can be used to reduce emissions and achieve nationally determined contribution (NDC) targets cost-effectively while generating revenue and incentivizing the deployment of low-carbon technologies. Despite the challenging macroeconomic context, there is a growing momentum to utilizing carbon pricing instruments, including carbon tax, emissions trading system (ETS), and international carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. There has also been a rising interest in cross-border mechanisms such as border carbon adjustments to address carbon leakage. The development of carbon pricing is in the rise in Asia as well, but the region faces unique circumstances. Key challenges and policy solutions include: (i) prevalence of regulated power markets, which requires looking at coverage of indirect emissions, climate oriented or green dispatch, establishing pricing committees and introducing consumption charges; (ii) potential distributional impacts, which requires safeguarding business and consumers by introducing tax discounts, exemptions or rebates; and (iii) lack of institutional capacity and policy coordination, which requires significant capacity building support. Recognizing these unique and regional circumstances, developing Asia can continue in its growing momentum to utilizing carbon pricing instruments as a key tool to enhance climate action and ambition.


of contamination was (249.199) were recorded in (B3S5). According to contamination factor their indications of low contamination (B2S9) moderate contamination factor for (B2S9) considerable contamination factor for (B2S2, B2S9, B3S5, B3S1), with high degree of contamination in (B3S5). The ecological risk factor and RI with the highest values were (53.682, 6986.193, 6.046, 21.027, 1.697, 20.507,13.936) and RI was (7081.261), which were recorded in (B1S2, B3S5, B2S9, B3S5, B3S1, B2S7) and (B3S5), respectively. The ecological risk factor and potential ecological risk indices showed that (B2S9, B3S5, B3S1, B2S7) low potential ecological risk, (B1S2) moderate potential ecological risk, (B3S5) very high ecological risk. The biological accumulation coefficient factor of two different plants ( Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill, (Plant1), and Dodonaea viscosa Jacq (Plant2 ) are (8.433, 15.358, 23.311, 42.236, 52.626, 48.094, 0.190) which were recorded in (B3S8P1, B2S7P1,S3S5P2, B2S9P2, B2S7P2, B3S8P1,B3S4P1.The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the brand electrical generator on concentration heavy metal in soil and dust soil and plant heavy metal levels in Erbil city


In Pharmaceuticals/CRO industries, it is quite common to have typographical error during the data entry, data set programming, and table programming. This typographical error if not catch on time can add more programming/reviewer time and can affect the quality of deliverables. In order to find the misspelled words in SAS data set and tables, programmer normally review the data visually which can be tedious and prone to error. This paper will introduce a method to report all the misspelled word from table, listings, and SAS data set to a Word document in SAS using word basic commands via DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange) and SAS functions. If needed, this macro will be extended to find misspelled word from other file format for e.g. Microsoft Excel.


The monitorisation of the pest agents, that are specific to the apple crop in Sibiu during 2006-2008, was meant to establish the annual strategies to the integrated defeat- the integrated menagement- of the fungus pest agents of the apple crop, keeping them under the limit of the economic level of the pest and the protection of the natural predator wildlife. The research was made every year through surface surveys, by samples of the organic plants having symptoms of an attack , in order to inventory the fungus pest agents, the imminent attack, and taking the decision to apply the phytosanitary treatments of the optimum moment. The analysis of the samples picked up from the ground was macroscopically and microcospically made Constantinescu (1974). The integrated combat is meant to have a permanent adaptation of the combat working systems to the ecological conditions of every microarea. That' s why, the combat systems must be corrected in accordance to the prognosis, warning, economical


1Department of Electrical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Application Research Center, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung City 41170, Taiwan 2Artificial Intelligence Application Research Center, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung City 41170, Taiwan 3Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan


In the first part of this study (Nemeth 2013a) a critical edition of two Karaim letters is presented. They were sent in 1868 from Odessa to addressees living Lutsk by a citizen born in Trakai. This paper (the second part of the study) contains a detailed linguistic analysis of the letters. Special attention is paid to the dialectal affiliation of the manuscripts' linguistic material, to interdialectal contacts and to the irregularities recorded.


To prepare the novel plate-like nanocomposite CoIIITMPyP/Nb3O8, the cationic cobalt (III) tetrakis–5, 10, 15, 20–(N–methyl–4–pyridyl) porphyrin (CoIIITMPyP) was intercalated into the interlayer of the perovskite structural material KNb3O8 via the electrostatic self-assembly of the positively charged CoIIITMPyP molecules and the electronegative Nb3O8− nanosheets. The Nb3O8− nanosheets was obtained by exfoliating the protonated product of niobate KNb3O8 in the tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide (TBA+OH−) aqueous solution. The zeta potential was measured to indicate the stability and uniformity of the Nb3O8− nanosheet colloidal dispersion, and the structure and component of the parent material KNb3O8, the acidified product HNb3O8, and the interlayered nanocomposite CoIIITMPyP/Nb3O8 were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM and AFM. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of CoIIITMPyP/Nb3O8 hybrids modified GCE was investigated by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measuremen...


Objective: To evaluate the value of TCT in screening cervical lesions in primary health care system. Methods: 1250 cases of suspected patient suffering from cervical inflammation in the gynecological clinic of our hospital were screened by TCT. 125 cases of abnormal results of TCT screening were performed biopsy under colposcopy and sent to pathological examination. Results: TCT results of 125 patients were not normal; including 74 cases of ASC-US (59.2%), 27 cases of LSIL (21.6%), 20 cases of HSIL (16%) and SCC4 (3.2%). Conclusion: TCT examination has great value in the screening of cervical lesions in primary health care system.


In this research, a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system have been utilized based on Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) using natural gas. To develop the complete hybrid system model, the internal fuel converter equations, electrochemical relations, heating, and cooling are solved simultaneously. The suggested technique presents a new optimized configuration for a CCHP system based on PEMFC. The key concept is to utilize an improved version of the Aquila Optimizer (IAO) algorithm to provide the optimal configuration by considering different terms such as exergy and energy performance, yearly cost, and GHG decrease. The suggested approach was then carried out on a case study and a comparison simulation with two other methods including the NSGA‐II from the literature and the original Aquila Optimizer indicated the method's higher efficiency.


We report on recent progress in studying two aspects of B physics, in which penguin amplitudes play an important role: 1. Bounds on penguin pollution in B0(t)→π+π− constraining the CKM parameters ρ and η, and a lower bound on B0→π0π0 improving precision in sin 2α. 2. A suggestion for measuring the photon polarization in electroweak penguin decay, B→K1(1400)γ, providing a test of the Standard Model and a probe for new physics.


abstract:Philosophy consists primarily in or of texts. The implications of this very basic fact for the subject—both as a writer and as a reader—and philosophy's conception of itself as a privileged form of argumentation and for establishing the truth have, however, been largely neglected. In order to address these issues, the article reconsiders Foucault's "double reading" of Descartes's Meditations as "demonstration" and "exercise" that both affects and transforms the meditating subject. I argue that such a double reading is not only proper to the Meditations but constitutive of all philosophical texts. This leads to a revised notion of truth that derives its argumentative consistency precisely from the entanglement of demonstration and exercise.


This paper proposes an accurate electronically tunable current-mirror circuit based on translinear type-A (polarities alternative) topology. This circuit is realized by only 6 transistors with BJT technology. A shunt-feedback buffer principle is used in order to regulate its emitter voltage of translinear part. For current mirror behavior, output and input currents are identical with a small error. Current-gain can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of the 2 particular current sources. This proposed circuit is using only 6 transistors for the simple structure. The analysis of input, output resistance and current-gain are depicted. An extra transistor is added for maintained the transfer minimum error which is also proposed. The constant bandwidth more than 40 MHz of various current-gains can be obtained. From current output mathematic function, several applications such as current multiplier, current divider and tunable current mirror are certainly performed. Other applications are raised to confirm realistic applicable including squaring and square-rooting circuits. All characteristics and performances are carried out by PSpice for confirm their well operations.


Some new design concept for structure parameters of key regions of the reverse conducting gate commutated thyristor (GCT), such as n base region, n buffer layer, separation region and transparent anode region is presented in this paper. A reverse conducting GCT's structure model is set up based on the design concept and its I-V characteristic, conducting characteristic and the reverse characteristic of gate-cathode junction are analyzed by using MEDICI simulator. The simulation results show the design concept is reasonable. Lastly, the cathode layout of the 2800 V/2000 A reverse conducting GCT is given based on this structure model.


The present invention relates to product testing, there is provided a method and apparatus for testing a smart TV. The method comprising: in response to a circuit board used to control adb interface and a USB port shorting two jacks, the open interfaces adb; in response to the USB port of a USB cable to plug the the computer, with the computer to establish the connection; debug commands transmitted via the USB port of the receiving computer; acquiring operating data of the intelligent television in accordance with the debug command; the operating data transmitted via the USB port to the said computer so that the computer terminal adb debugging tool to test the smart television according to the operational data. This method ensures that the normal test work.


Consistency is one of the keys to maintainable source code and hence a successful software project. We propose a novel method of extracting the intent of programmers from source code of a large project (~ 300 kLOC) and checking the semantic consistency of its variable names. Our system learns a project-specific naming convention for variables based on its role solely from source code, and suggest alternatives when it violates its internal consistency. The system can also show the reasoning why a certain variable should be named in a specific way. The system does not rely on any external knowledge. We applied our method to 12 open-source projects and evaluated its results with human reviewers. Our system proposed alternative variable names for 416 out of 1080 (39%) instances that are considered better than ones originally used by the developers. Based on the results, we created patches to correct the inconsistent names and sent them to its developers. Three open-source projects adopted it.


The invention discloses an intelligent roll calling machine and a system thereof. The system comprises an intelligent roll calling machine, a remote controller used for remotely controlling the intelligent roll calling machine as well as a far end PC (personal computer) provided with upper computer software. By adopting the machine and system disclosed by invention, an answerer can be selected randomly to answer a question in a one-to-many question and answer session, the phenomenon that a questioner is unable to attend to everything at once in the process of selecting an answerer can be avoided, thus having the characteristics of automation and intellectualization. The invention is mainly applied to classrooms of schools, especially the early education in the middle and primary school, and the machine can assist a teacher to fairly treat the students. Every student can be cared from childhood, and school record can be improved. The students have fair sense from childhood, and meanwhile parents of the students can be inhibited from hoping the teacher to take sides with the child, so as to avoid anti-social behaviour, thus having positive social meaning. The invention also can be applied to occasions requiring roll calling, such as roll calling processes of jail, school, army and company training.


Any work by Professor Charcot, bearing on a subject within the domain of Pathological Anatomy, is sure to be worthy of consideration, especially as his views may be regarded as representative of the most advanced French school. At the outset, it may be stated that the views concerning Bright's Disease enunciated here are avowedly those which are prevalent in England, and familiar to English readers, in the works especially of Dickinson, George Johnson, Grainger Stewart, and others.


This work proposes a fully integrated random numbers generator. A chaotic system has been chosen as a source of randomness, in order to grant statistical independence and uniform distribution to the 8-bit generated words. An effective and compact architecture, based on a pipeline ADC only, has been singled out and realized in a standard 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process. Particularly main circuit non-idealities have been properly managed, in order to enhance the statistical properties of the generated numbers. The randomness has been proved and quantified by post-layout simulations. Finally the circuit occupies 2.2 mm/sup 2/ of silicon area and dissipates 50 mW when clocked at 20 MHz.