The invention provides a rail transit vehicle communicating method and device. The method comprises the steps that a WorldFIP board card receives first communication data sent by a first source device and sends the first communication data to a CPU board card, the CPU board card receives the first communication data, the CPU board card decides the first communication data as WorldFIP data and converts the first communication data into second communication data, the CPU board card sends the second communication data to a PROFIBUS board card, and the PROFIBUS board card receives the second communication data and sends the second communication data to a first target device. In addition, the first source device is used for starting communication, the first communication data comprise identification information of the first target device, and the second communication data are process site bus (PROFIBUS) data. By means of the technical scheme, the normal communication between the PROFIBUS device and the WorldFIP device of rail transit vehicles is achieved, and the communication security of the rail transit vehicles is improved.


This study reported a 63-year-old male patient with oesophageal carcinoma complicated with rightside aortic arch who was admitted to the hospital due to difficulties eating. The enhanced chest CT examination of the patient showed thickening of the middle segment of the oesophagus and right deviation of the aortic arch. Ultrasonic gastroscopy revealed a nodular eminence in the wall of the oesophagus 25 cm-28 cm away from the incisor. The ultrasound showed uneven echo inside the nodules, marked thickening of the mucosa and submucosa, and an unclear boundary with the muscularis propria. The pathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Since the patient could also have a right-side aortic arch, the normal anatomical structure around the aortic arch may be altered, which may cause some interference during surgery for the thoracic oesophagus. In addition, the optimal surgical approach cannot be determined by imaging data alone, so we used three-dimensional reconstruction technology to reconstruct the location map of the oesophagus, trachea and aorta before surgery. The tumour location was accurately located, and the right thoracoscopic-assisted approach was adopted after simulating the surgical approach. Preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction played a key role in this case and can be of guiding significance for oesophageal cancer patients with large vessel abnormalities.


Using Frooman's typology of stakeholder influence strategies, this research examines the strategies that stakeholders select to exert influence on a firm. Using an experimental approach, the responses of actual environmental leaders to a series of hypothetical vignettes were examined. The results of the experiment suggest how both structural and demographic variables can act as determinants of strategy choice along with how these two types of variables may both complement and inhibit one another. Specifically, the results suggest that repertoires of strategies play a critical role in stakeholder behavior. Demographic variables appear to define the repertoires of strategies the stakeholder will typically choose among, whereas structural variables further refine choice from within that repertoire.


This paper discusses the perspectives of one training professional in a corporate industrial setting employing union workers. The struggle for power is the hidden agenda (Cunningham, 1998; Garrick & Rhodes, 2000; Newman, 1990) as management uses seemingly innocuous training programs for control. Examples are discussed and analyzed.


Abstract: This paper will describe the cognitive presence pre-service teachers demonstrate during online and face-to-face discussions. Through a case study approach it will explore student cognitive presence in one Early Childhood Leadership course taught in a blended mode. Pre-service teachers' contributions in online and face-to-face discussions were analyzed using Garrison, Anderson and Archer's (2000) cognitive presence indicators from the Community of Inquiry Framework. This study found that pre-service teachers' cognitive presence was more frequent at the exploration level in both face-to-face discussions and online posts.
The study also found that having a third party analyze the online and face-to-face elements of the course and report the results back to the instructor provided a powerful tool for instructor reflection and catalyst for change in pedagogical practice.


This paper presents the concept of using a MEMS piezoelectric actuated tunable inductor in the design of a wideband high performance VCO. Furthermore, a model of the tunable inductor is presented to facilitate the VCO design and simulation. In addition, by means of this model important characteristics of the tunable inductor can be derived enabling a design of the VCO to be superior in phase noise and power consumption to one which makes use of conventional capacitive tuning as indicated by the simulation results.


Abstract : The report describes a 40 kilowatt transmitter designed for investigating electromagnetic wave propagation in the earth at frequencies from DC to 3000 cps. The transmitter uses a dipole antenna consisting of two surface electrodes between which a current can be passed through the earth. A brief description of the receiving equipment and some experimental data are included, and a discussion of the related theory and field strength prediction is given in the last section.


Cavity receiver plays an important role in the dish solar thermal power system.Its performance can affect the efficiency of the whole system.In the present work,the 2-D-model of six typical cavity receivers are created and FLUENT6.3 is used to investigate the approximate estimation of the natural convection heat loss of the cavity receivers.The six typical cavity receivers are calculated at the same aperture diameter(10 cm),the same wall temperature(400 ℃),and the same inclination(α=0°).The result of the present numerical procedure shows that the natural convection heat loss from the spherical cavity receiver is approximately 10% fewer than that of the other five.The effect of AW/A1(inner surface area/aperture area) on the convection heat loss has also been studied for the spherical cavity receiver at different inclinations.The convection heat loss is maximum at 0°(cavity aperture facing sideways) and decreases monotonically with increase in angle up to 90°(cavity aperture facing down).The optimal AW/A1 for spherical cavity receiver ranges from 8 to 10.


Results of highly precise all-electron local density calculations are presented for the quasi-2D superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 and for the non-superconducting YBa2Cu3O6. The two dimensionality is important for understanding various properties. As in the case of the La2-xMxCuO4 (M = Ba, Sr,...) systems, these materials consist of metallic Cu–O planes separated by ionic (insulating) Y–O and Ba–O planes of atoms. Stoner magnetic instabilities and the role of chains vs planes for superconductivity are briefly discussed.


The invention is based on a tool case, in particular a handheld power tool case, having a basic case body that has at least one storage chamber which is provided at least for receiving at least one tool and/or at least one battery unit. It is proposed that the tool case has at least one air conditioner at least partially integrated with the basic case body.


The introduction of commercial television in West European countries during the 1980s was accompanied by a fierce discussion about the consequences of ending the monopoly of public broadcasting. While proponents of market liberation argued that the outcome would produce greater diversity of contents and audiences, opponents feared negative consequences from this development. Against this background, the study reported here analyzes data from the EU member states to assess the relationship between preference for either public or commercial television and political knowledge. Findings show that in most countries preference for public television goes hand-in-hand with greater knowledge of EU political matters. The conclusion considers the consequences of these findings.


Recently, a certified pharmacy technician expressed her frustration when she and her pharmacist were blamed for unprofessional conduct in their telephone transaction with a doctor. The prescriber claimed to be too important to waste her time digging up numbers that the pharmacist needed to fill her patient's prescription. The doctor immodestly identified herself as a well-known and celebrated practitioner. This, apparently, was a good enough reason to refuse the request for her DEA number.


Continuous data arise in most areas of medicine. Familiar clinical examples include blood pressure, ejection fraction, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), serum cholesterol, and anthropometric measurements. Methods for analysing continuous data fall into two classes, distinguished by whether or not they make assumptions about the distribution of the data.

Theoretical distributions are described by quantities called parameters, notably the mean and standard deviation.1 Methods that use distributional assumptions are called parametric methods, because we estimate the parameters of the distribution assumed for the data. Frequently used parametric methods include t tests and analysis of variance for comparing groups, and least squares regression and correlation for studying the relation between variables. All of the common parametric methods (" t methods") assume that …


The dialysate sodium prescription remain unclear as an important component of sodium balance in HD patients Pre-hemodialysis (pre-HD) serum sodium levels can vary among different patients, therefore, a single dialysate sodium prescription may not be appropriate for all patients. Dialysate sodium is one of the most easy changeable parameter which can influence hemodynamic stability. The aim of the study was to investigate whether dialysis patients will have some beneficial effects of prescription of different models of dialysate sodium

 77 nondiabetic subjects (41 men; 36 women) performed 12 months hemodialysis (HD) sessions with dialysate sodium concentration set up at 138 mmol/L, followed by additional 3 models of dialysate sodium (each model performed 2 months sessions with 2 months standard dialysate sodium between each model) wherein dialysate sodium was set up: model 1: according to pre-HD serum sodium concentration, model 2: according to sodium concentration in UF fluid, model 3: sodium profiling ( from 144 to 136 mmol/L). Blood pressure (BP), interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), thirst score, sodium gradient were analysed. After the standard dialysate sodium hemodialyses, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: normotensive (N=58), hypertensive (N= 14) and hypotensive (N=5) based on the average pre-HD systolic BP during the standard dialysate sodium hemodialyses.

 Model 1: resulted in significantly lower blood pressure (133,61±11.88 versus 153.60±14.26 mmHg; p=0.000) and IDWG (2.21±0.93 versus 1.87±0.92 kg; p=0.018) in hypertensive patients, whereas normotensive patients showed only significant decrease in IDWG (2.21±0.72 versus 2.06±0.65, p=0,004). Hypertensive patients had significant highest sodium gradient compared to other patients (p<0.05), followed by significant increase of 0,6% IDWG confirmed with univariate regression analysis. Thirst score was significantly lower in all patients with individualized-sodium HD and the use of antihypertensive drugs significantly reduced in hypertensive patients during the individualized phase. Model 2: resulted in significantly lower BP in normotensive and hypertensive patients (126.92±9.71 versus 124.08±8.71 mmHg; p=0.000; 153.60±14.26 versus 138.91±8.48 mmHg, accordingly), with no influence on IDWG, thirst score compared to standard dialysate sodium. Model 3: significantly higher BP and IDWG in all 3 groups (normotensive 126.92±9.71 versus 130.20±9.5 mmHg; p=0.001; IDWG 2.21±0.72 versus 2.34±0.82 kg, p=0,005; hypertensive 153.60±14.26 versus 157.58±5.0 mmHg; IDWG 2.21±0.93 versus 2.39±0.74 kg; p=0.005; hipotensive 79.81±11.78 versus 91.09±24.98 mmHg, IDWG 2.53±0.57 versus 2.73±0.15 kg, p=0.005) and significantly higher thirst score in normotensive and hypotensive patients, with no influence in hypertensive patients.

 A reduction of the dialysate sodium concentration based on the pre HD serum sodium level of the patient, reduced the BP, IDWG, thirst score and use of antihypertensive drug compare to dialysate sodium according to sodium concentration in UF or sodium profiling. We recommend prescription of dialysate sodium according to pre HD serum sodium concentration.


This paper presents a procedure for implementing EMTP-ATP models of single-layer air-core inductors adequate for analyzing high and very-high frequency transients. The paper proposes a general circuit representation of air-core windings whose parameters are derived from the application of a FEM-based (Finite Element Method) tool. Experimental verifications are carried out by comparing frequency and transient responses obtained from the implemented models and laboratory measurements.


A soft membrane of Mn@TiO2 NFs was fabricated by an electrospinning and thermal annealing process. It shows a mixture phase and a palpably increased specific surface area, which ensured a pronounced enhancement of the photocatalytic activity.


The relation between the chemical reactivity of a dissolving pulp and the molecular mobility of cellulose was investigated by an unconventional method for these problems: dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). Carrefully dried pulps show better reactivity in comparison to a mill dried sample. A specific deformation of the local polymeric backbone dynamics (β-relaxation) was observed in the former samples. The intensity of the dielectric β-relaxation correlates with the acetylation velocity in an excellent manner. A similar correlation was found between the relaxation strength and the water retention capacity of pulps. All experimental results support th explanation (here named δ-relaxation) outside of th real β-peak in the dielectic spectrum are preferably substituted. The relusts of the investigation indicate that dielectric spectroscopy can provid a new, additional alternative tool to charcterize the accessibility and chemical reactivity of cellulose. Comparison of the dielectric loss spectra of machine sulfite pulp (sample C) at the temperature 0° before and after annealing at 170°C.


Summary
Chemical composition of traditional Chinese-type soy sauce (TCSS) at different stages of manufacture (moromi fermentation and pasteurisation) were analysed. Results showed that total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen, total titratable acid, reducing sugar, NaCl, water soluble peptides, free amino acids (FAAs) and Maillard reaction products in TCSS changed significantly during manufacture. Most of FAAs were released during initial stage (0–15 days) of moromi fermentation, peptides (1–5 kDa) kept dominant (69.34–80.88%) among all peptides during manufacture and Maillard reaction products increased progressively during moromi fermentation and increased sharply during pasteurisation. According to hierarchical cluster analysis and sensory evaluation, there were obvious correlation between FAAs and sensory score of over-all in TCSS during manufacture, which indicated that balanced FAAs composition might be mainly responsible for the taste formation of TCSS. Besides, pasteurisation can further improve the over-all taste of TCSS.


Although research into and practice of grassland farming in Japan have a comparatively short history of only :30 years, the results obtained ha\·e been significant and the establishment of pastures in mountainous regions and cultivation of forage crops in arable land have been implemented actively in these years. The increase in the area devoted to pastures and to the cultivation of forage crops was associated with the increase in the number of dairy cattle, the decrease of the area of natural pastures and the number of horses. Research results which contributed to development include the no·tillage method of establishment of pastures, the extension the grazing period, etc. The present level of pasture productivity is still low and of daily gain through the promotion of intensive production and efficient of herbage is being considered. Cropping systems adopted by progressive farmers changed from an extensive, complicated laborious system to an intensive, simple, labor-saving system, and feeding practice shifted from soiling to year.round silage feeding. The increase of productivity obtained through these changes was remarkable. For future development the need for designing effective farming systems is emphasized and a new strategy of research is presented. Introduction This is a brief report on Japanese grassland farming research and practices in the past, present and future, with emphasis placed on practical aspects. Before the 1940s, horses and cattle primarily for draft purposes used to graze on natural and forest pastures, and hay was made for winter feed. After World War II (1945), the number of dairy cattle increased with the corresponding increment in milk and meat consumption. This resulted in a considerable increase of feed concentrate importat101,. With a view to producing as much domestic feed as possible in using Japan's land resources the necessity of promoting farming was recognized. In 1962, the land area for agricultural use accounted for 16% of the total land area with 64% being covered with forests. There was thus a great potential for development of grassland farming (Science and Technology Bureau, 1962). For this reason grassland research was started and grassland development has been implemented. Although the history of grassland farming involves only 30 years and it can hardly be said that the technology and management developed are adequate, great efforts have been made to further improve these aspects over these years and a number of significant results have been achieved (Anonymous, 1983). The situation is almost the same as that in Korea (Kee Jong Lee, 1983). Land area devoted to pasture and forage crops Before the 1950s. the area of pasture and forage crops was limited to about 100,000 hectares, and native plants growing along paddy fields and farm by-products were used as feed. In the 1950s the cultivation of forage crops including corn, Italian ryegrass, and grass· * Director for Research, Division of Pasture Crops, National Grassland Research Institute, N ishinasuno, Nasu. Tochigi, 329.27 Japan.


The time has come, after years of hard work, to submit your application to the regulatory agency for review and possible approval! What a relief to be able to finally hand off all of your hard work and, wait a minute, ensure that all data can be reproducible?!? While CDISC has been widely adopted and its SDTM and AdAM models widely implemented, there is still the need to understand the process of ensuring that all the data is a reflection of how it was originally collected, which in some cases can be very challenging. This paper will discuss some more trending ways of both creating and presenting data in ways that ensure it is consumable and can be understood not only for analysis/submission purposes but also that post-approval it is transparent and that everyone who has a vested stake can review the data in an appropriate way.


when adding 0.45 p 100 lysine, which would indicate a lysine requirement of 0.78 p. 100 of the diet. In a second experiment where 0-0-34 and o.68 p. ioo lysine were added to a diet containing 17 p. 100 sesame proteins, it was noted that the addition of this amino acid improved the nitrogen balance and nitrogen retention coefficient whereas the digestibility of the diet was not changed. It has been demonstrated in the rabbit that DL-Methionine supplementation of soybean oil-meal diets has a favourable effect on growth performances, feed efficiency, nitrogen balance and nitrogen retention coefficient. On the other hand, the digestibility of the diet does not seem to be affected. Using two protein levels (10 and 13 p. 100), the best results were obtained with a DL-methionine supplementation of 0.1 p. 100 of the diet. But an addition of 0.3 p. 100 DL- methionine has slight depressive effects on the weight gain. However, on account of the low protein level in the diets studied, it seems to be difficult, on the basis of the present experiment, to make an approach of the requirement for sulphur amino acids in the rabbit. An experiment carried out on 408 strains of E. coli isolated from the intestinal contents of 75 live rabbits, suffering from serious digestive troubles unrelated with coccidiosis showed, through systematic analyses of the hemolytic and pathogenic power on the mouse and enteropa-


The optimal conditions of separation of zirconium(IV) from hafnium(IV) on Purolite S-957 ion-exchange resin in their sulfate aqueous solutions using a static method has been determined to be 0,07 M Zr(SO4)2 (containing 2% Hf) in 0,5 M H2SO4. Higher Zr(IV) concentration causes a lowering of the Zr/Hf separation efficiency due to the oligocondensation of mononuclear Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) ions resulting in the formation of Zr(IV) or mixed Zr(IV)-Hf(IV) oligohydroxo-sulfato ions, which is not prevented by the parallel increase of acidity of the solution. The same effect can be observed when analyzing the shapes of adsorption isotherms, which are similar for both Zr(IV) and Hf(IV).


Provided are a substrate holder, a substrate supporting apparatus, a substrate processing apparatus, and a substrate processing method. Particularly, there are provided a substrate holder, a substrate supporting apparatus, a substrate processing apparatus, and a substrate processing method that are adapted to improve process efficiency and etch uniformity at the back surface of a substrate.


Free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes associated with the transfer of six membered ring molecules (containing O, NH or NCH3 groups in 1 and 4 positions) from the condensed or gas phase to dilute aqueous solution have been determined. Comparisons are made with data for similar cyclic molecules containing only one hetero-atom.The free energies of hydration of the bifunctional compounds are lower than those of the monofunctional molecules of the same size. This relative lowering of free energy is determined by the entropy term when the second hydrophilic centre introduced is an ether oxygen atom, but by the enthalpy term otherwise. Interactions between hydrophilic centres in 1,4 positions are evident and a tentative interpretation is given.


The research is aimed to investigate the influence of draw ratio of thermoplastic polyurethane based fibers filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the final properties of epoxy based products reinforced by the same. In more details, extruded compounds were melt spun using a spinning line to make nanocomposite fibers with two draw ratios properly named as low and high draw ratio fibers and with nanotube loadings equal to 0.2, 1, 3 and 5 wt%. These latter, opportunely analyzed especially in terms of tenacity and viscoelastic behavior, were subsequently employed to reinforce a bi-functional epoxy resin. At this regard, with the help of a mold designed ad hoc, preliminary investigations have been performed on samples derived from plaques of a typical epoxy resin: Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, in which a certain number of fibers were disposed parallel. The influences of fiber draw ratio and their filler content on performances of produced epoxy composites were assessed by tensile, flexural and three-point bending dynamic tests.


Efficient chiral proton sources have long been the organic chemist's dream. With a lactam based on Kemp's tricarboxylic acid, cyclic enolates have now been protonated with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of up to 91%. The reason for the high ee values is the asymmetric microenvironment of the acidic NH group


In the Bull of Promulgation of his 1234 Compilation of Decretals (commonly known as the Liber extra), Pope Gregory IX declared the goal of written law to be that "the human race is instructed that it should live honorably, should not injure another, and should accord to each person his own rights." Yet despite the proliferation of canon laws and ecclesiastical legal procedures, Archbishop Milo Sweteman, metropolitan of the Irish province of Armagh from 1361 to 1380, could still complain about the futility of the church's ultimate legal measure, excommunication, against the many crimes of local malefactors. In 1366, he wrote to one of his officials: Very many times I have proceeded legally against Malachy O'Hanlon king of Oirthir as a destroyer of the clergy and people of the church, by excommunicating him and his henchmen in the proper form as despoilers, plunderers, and usurpers of church goods; and by placing an ecclesiastical interdict on the land to which they had fled in diverse moments. Nevertheless, because Malachy and some of his accomplices endured repeated correction, promised to make restitution, and even offered sworn oaths, in this way they obtained absolution and relaxations of the sentences of excommunication and interdict. And then they committed worse acts against the people and clergy of the church at Armagh than ever before.


This research was intended to examine al-Sya'rani main thoughts on the diversity of legal schools as outlined in his al-Mizân al-Kubrâ work along with the context and challenges historically which in many cases gave rise to ikhtilaf (differences of opinion) in Fikih, as well as an overview in the legal context as a means of social transformation. The method used in this study was library research, both primary and secondary. Primary sources consisted of the works of al-Sya'rani (especially al-Mizan al-Kubra) with more emphasis on the content analysis. In detail, the problem is formulated in some questions; (1) what is the socio-historical situation (political, socioeconomic, intellectual, and religious traditions) behind the formation of al-Sya'rani ideas about Fikih pluralistic?, (2) what is the construction or pattern of al-Sya'rani thought regarding pluralistic Fikih?, (3) what is the position of al-Sya'rani thought in the perspective of law as one of the means of social transformation? As a result of this discussion, al-Sya'rani seeks to provide a new orientation in legal thinking in a direction that is closer to the demands of a real and pluralistic reality of life. The idea is then outlined in four main points of view which include: (1) Justification of three episteme systems (2) The use of pragmatism principles in the application of the law, Legitimacy of legal changes in line with the development of the situation (3) His views on the necessity of ijtihâd and prohibition of taqlid in practice Sharia law


In this work, for an electro-optic (EO) crys tal, various thermo-optic (TO) and relevant tempera turedependence parameters are defined, presented and st udied in the framework of a transverse and a longitudinal EO-modulation system. This study has b een based on the concept of the so-called opto-elec trical bias (φ) applied to the system. For both of the above EO-m odulation systems a set of four original equations has been extracted and is investigated as regards e ch of the more important TO or temperature coeffic i nts. Using these equations, for these parameters the rol e of the transverse configuration is examined in comparison with its corresponding longitudinal conf iguration. A calculation of uncertaintities in the determination of the principal temperature coeffici ents concludes the paper.


This report summarizes the work related to this project that has gone on since February of 2008 and provide proposals for future collaboration with Japan. It will also outline the group's broad vision for safeguards modeling and simulation; this vision should guide the selection and implementation of next steps for the project.


SIR — I read with interest the recent correspondence from Martay et al. (1) regarding prolonged 1 laryngeal mask airway ( 2 LMA) in a spontaneously breathing child. I agree with their conclusion that 'with appropriate patient selection, prolonged LMA anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing children is safe'. However, I would suggest that there is another suitable technique, namely prolonged LMA anaesthesia in children using controlled ventilation. With modern anaesthetic ventilators it is possible to use a pressure-controlled mode of ventilation whilst limiting peak airway pressure to 15 cmH2O. This helps to minimize the risk of gastric distension with the use of the LMA. In my practice, I use a propofol intravenous induction and insertion of an appropriately sized reinforced LMA (size 2, 2.5 or 3). Anaesthesia is maintained with isoflurane and a remifentanil infusion. Muscle relaxants are not given, allowing the surgeon to constantly monitor facial nerve function using a nerve stimulator. Ventilation is via the pressure-controlled mode on a 3 Drager Cato anaesthetic machine. I have used this technique for 19 patients (age range 7– 14 years) undergoing major ear surgery, duration lasting between 60 and 180 min, without any apparent problems. In my opinion, this is a useful technique for anaesthetizing children undergoing prolonged surgery and merits further investigation. D. W. L O W R Y Craigavon Area Hospital Portadown, UK


Nowadays, the process of monitoring forested areas is a national requirement. The importance of forests in mitigating climate change is well known. On the other hand, the economic aspects of forest management are important too. From this point of view, inventorying and assessing the growth and yield rate of wooded areas is extremely important. Estimating growth rate per hectare unit and production level of forested areas in order to obtain and accurate inventory is important in determining the supply of wood. The present paper is based on the evaluation after 6 growing seasons. The sectors monitored are located along areas of relatively low elevation (280–450 m). The climatic gradient can also be neglected because of the character of the studied areas. The research was carried out in the southeastern part of Romania. The entire complex comprises 375 forested tracts. Only for white poplar we have included a set of 36 carefully selected forest sectors. The study's timespan was between 2010 and 2015, and data from the field have been used. The case study presented is white poplar, and the methods used are shown in a comparative way. Technological factors like consistence, density, etc. were carefully evaluated on the basis of direct observations and measurements. The recorded data were subsequently validated. The computer analysis, used on different optimization methods, was selected from the most employed series in the dedicated literature. Our results indicated that: (1) the evaluations of the estimated growth rate of production can be vary significantly when employing different statistical analysis and numerical methods; (2) by using numerical optimization models, the computer simulations can provide accurate estimates of the growth rate and, hence, the efficiency for a given forest inventory; (3) common numerical interpolation methods or neural network uses that do not always give consistent results. The specific numerical methods are preferable for a better assessment of the growth rate and existing inventory; and (4) investments in computer simulation methods and software should be encouraged in order to successfully reach a permanent inventory, to improve the efficiency of the logging operations, and to support environmental protection.


The recently completed National Citizens' Technology Forum (NCTF) was the first nationwide consensus conference in the US. This paper argues that the exercise serves as a proof-of-concept for this mode of public participation in the governance of emerging technologies. The NCTF demonstrated the feasibility of conducting such exercises across three time zones, and illustrated the compatibility of the consensus conference process with American political norms in practice. It provides additional evidence that, given a structured, constructive environment for deliberation, and access to information and expertise, lay citizens can and do produce policy-relevant recommendations in highly technical arenas. Finally, the experience indicates opportunities for future improvements in integrating input from the public, stakeholders, and experts into the policy-making process. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


Vila B, Servera E, Marín J, Díaz J, Giménez M, Komaroff E, Bach J: Noninvasive ventilatory assistance during exercise for patients with kyphoscoliosis: a pilot study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007;86:672–677. The goal was to determine whether noninvasive ventilatory assistance (NIV) could facilitate exercise performance and benefit physiologic parameters for eight hypercapnic kyphoscoliosis patients using a cycloergometer for 6-min periods at a constant power (20 W). The exercise protocols were performed in random order while breathing unaided (spontaneous breathing test or SBT) and also while receiving NIV (NIV test or NIVT). The NIV was pressure support (15 cm H2O) plus positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) (4 cm H2O) via a nasal mask. Of the compared parameters, heart rate was not significantly different, but acidosis (pH = 7.32 ± 0.04 vs. 7.36 ± 0.04), hypoxia (PaO2 = 61.5 ± 15.9 vs. 69.5 ± 15.7 mm Hg), and hypercapnia (PaCO2 = 54.3 ± 7.6 vs. 47.1 ± 7.1 mm Hg) were significantly greater for the SBT than for the NIVT (P < 0.05). The hypercapnia and hypoxia for the NIVT were not significantly greater than preexercise resting levels. Dyspnea and perceived effort were significantly greater for the SBT (P < 0.05). In conclusion, NIV can improve clinical and physiologic response to exercise.


This paper initiates a research aimed at developing tools that may have practical significance in contactless position control applications such as, e.g., photolithography. We describe a simple three-magnets planar positioning device, its mathematical model, and design a nonlinear controller that stabilizes it about an equilibrium. Specifically, we derive a feedback transformation mapping for the nonlinear system with three positive inputs into a linear system in Brunovsky normal form with two inputs. Robust and robust adaptive controllers are then designed in the transformed input domain and their effectiveness in handling uncertainties is compared through simulations. An experimental testbed under construction is described. It was used as a benchmark to test the controllers developed here as well as other nonlinear control approaches.


We provide a simple sufficient condition for the convergence of the Born series in the forward problem of optical diffusion tomography. The Born series considered in this paper is an expansion of Green's function or the T-matrix for the diffusion equation in an inhomogeneous medium in a functional power series in δα(r) or δD(r) which are the deviations of the absorption and diffusion coefficients of the medium from their respective background values α0 and D0. The condition we obtain depends only on upper bounds for the inhomogeneity functions but not on their detailed form or spatial extent.


The work tests and analyzes the engine noise distribution in a car with and without active control, where the car's built-in loudspeakers are used as secondary sources to attenuate the engine noise inside the whole cabin. To analyze the sound field in detail, the noise level at 52 microphones on the passenger ears' plane is measured and presented. The distributions of the primary overall noise, first four order noise of the engine, and the sound field generated by the subwoofer at engine orders' frequencies are reported, and the noise reductions corresponding to overall engine noise and each order's noise are analyzed. Besides, jury test is presented and compared with the calculated loudness of residual noise to evaluate the acoustic comfort improvement of the system. The experiment results show that the overall noise reduction is achieved inside the whole cabin by controlling the first four orders' engine noise. The average noise reduction of the measurement area inside the cabin is 6.2 dB and 2.9 dBA. Besides, 93% of the participants feel the acoustic comfort is improved with the active noise control system on.


Objective To study the clinical value of transvaginal color doppler ultrasound(TVCDU) for the diagnosis of the caesarean scar pregnancy(CSP).Methods Thirty-one cases confirmed as CSP by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed according to postoperative pathological diagnosis and the characteristics of TVCDU.Results The results showed that 24 patients were correctly diagnosed by ultrasound that the accuracy rate was 77.42%(24/31),7 cases were misdiagnosed(3 cases as cervix pregnancy,2 cases as incomplete abortion,1 case as trophoblastic disease,1 case as blood clots).Typical sonographic followed as 4 types: Gestational sac,remains,classic of trophoblastic disease,blood clots.Conclusions TVCDU is a feasible way with important clinical value for diagnosis of CSP.


Financial risk management has generally focused on short-term risks rather than long-term risks, and arguably this was an important component of the recent financial crisis. Econometric approaches to measuring long-term risk are developed in order to estimate the term structure of value at risk and expected shortfall. Long-term negative skewness increases the downside risk and is a consequence of asymmetric volatility models. A test is developed for long-term skewness. In a Merton style structural default model, bankruptcies are accompanied by substantial drops in equity prices. Thus, skewness in a market factor implies high defaults and default correlations even far in the future corroborating the systemic importance of long-term skewness. Investors concerned about long-term risks may hedge exposure as in the Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM). As a consequence, the aggregate wealth portfolio should have asymmetric volatility and hedge portfolios should have reversed asymmetric volatility. Using estimates from VLAB, reversed asymmetric volatility is found for many possible hedge portfolios such as volatility products, long- and short-term treasuries, some exchange rates, and gold. JEL: G01 Copyright The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com., Oxford University Press.


In this work, design, fabrication, characterization and modeling of vertical, high-order one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D-PhCs) for optofluidic applications in the near infrared region are presented. Vertical, high aspect-ratio (up to 50) silicon/air 1D-PhCs with spatial period from 1 up to 8 μm and high-order (up to 25th) photonic bandgap at 1.55 μm were designed according to the so-called hybrid quarter-wavelength structure, and fabricated by electrochemical micromachining (ECM) of silicon. Reflectivity spectra of 1DPhCs were measured in air as well as in the presence of liquids (ethanol, isopropanol, water), in the near infrared region between 1.0 and 1.7 μm at normal incidence with an experimental setup, which exploited single-mode optical fibers with lensed terminations. Numerical calculations were performed using the characteristic matrix method (CMM), modified to take into account non-idealities of the device under test (i.e. surface roughness) and limitation of the optical setup (i.e. limited resolution bandwidth of the optical spectrum analyzer). Finally, fabrication of closed-loop optofluidic microsystems exploiting silicon-based 1D-PhCs and integrating both optical and fluidic functionalities on the same chip are discussed. Optofludics [1] attempts to unify optics and microfluidics, thus providing new ways for optical device integration and tuning. In optofluidic devices, part of the optical structure is in contact with a proper fluid, which is selected for conditioning the optical properties of the structure itself. Photonic crystal (PhC) structures obtained by air-void formation in high-refractive-index materials are, therefore, good candidates for optofluidic device fabrication, as air can be easily replaced by a suitable fluid. Moreover, thanks to the high sensitivity of the PhC optical properties to tiny changes of dielectric constant, PhCs can be efficiently used as core elements of optofluidic devices, although only a few examples of this kind of PhC-based devices have been reported so far [2]. Vertical silicon/air 1D-PhCs are periodic structures of two alternating materials (i.e. silicon and air) along one axis [3, 4]. Such structures are very appealing in optofluidics as they allow the in-plane light flow (i.e. the light traveling in the plane of the silicon substrate) to be controlled also as a function of the liquid filling the air-gap. High-order 1D-PhCs having a complex line-shape of the reflectivity spectrum are desirable for optofluidic applications in order to enhance optical changes induced by liquid insertion within the structure. Increasing the spatial period of the structure allows the fabrication of 1D-PhCs that feature better mechanical stability, especially in the presence of liquids (typical of optofluidic applications), while simultaneously exploiting high reflectivity order at the selected wavelengths. Fig. 1 shows the SEM cross-section of a 1D-PhC with period of 8 μm, in which high horizontal (parallel to the wafer surface) and vertical (perpendicular to the wafer surface) uniformity is clearly observable. Fig. 2 shows the optical measurement setup, based on a single-mode fiber (smf-28) coupler connected to a lensed fiber for device interrogation. The reflected power spectrum of the as-fabricated microstructure (i.e. in air) was collected just before the addition of the liquid and used as a reference spectrum. Then, the power spectra in the presence of liquids as well as after evaporation, which is associated with a rapid return of the band-gap pattern to the reference situation, were recorded. A typical sequence is reported in Fig. 3 for the tested alcohols. In both cases, the power spectrum collected after evaporation is well superposed to the reference, even after a number of insertion/evaporation cycles. Such result demonstrates that vertical 1DPhCs with period of 8 μm feature a good mechanical stability for optofluidic applications. Furthermore, a reliable red-shift is observed in the presence of water and alcohols that allows to discriminate refractive index variation with a sensitivity of 1 μm/RIU. Experimental data were found in very good agreement with numerical results, as shown in Fig. 4, once surface roughness of the silicon walls and finite resolution bandwidth (RB) of the optical spectrum analyzer were taken into account [5].


The article discusses the role and place of cooperation in food harvesting in Siberia in the initial period of "war communism". A strong stereotype is in the historiacal literature formed that harvesting in Siberia was carried out exclusively in the form of the razvjorstka, before the introduction of which grain wes collected at the procurement centers with "samotjok". On the basis of the analysis of scientific sources of various departmental origin and materials of the periodical press, the author shows that "samotjok" is one of the propaganda cliches of that era. In reality, harvesting was carried out in three ways – the purchase of grain from the peasants, with the help of the procurement apparatus of the Red Army and through cooperation. The scientific novelty of the article is to reveal the role and place of cooperation in the process of harvesting, as well as to identify the reasons why the activity of cooperation was curtailed and prodrazvjorstka was introduced.


The author of Xiyou Ji showed his idea about persons of a bility in the book. To governors, he anticipated they can attach importance to persons of ability, let them be in important positions in the government.Furthermore, they should be far off the treacherous court officials and make fai r decisions by the law. To persons of ability, the author hoped they can apply themselves to their work for the sa ke of people. To promote persons of ability, not persecute them. For some kind s of reasons, the author′s idea about persons of ability not only took on the conservative aspect, but also the progressive aspect.


Yunnan Zhuang Drama's old male role has formed unique nationality role system.Its nationality images are fully embodied in singing accents,language,costumes and props etc and display varieties.Its rich and vivid Zhuang Nationality characteristics make it a unique drama in national colorful drama stages.


With the publication of The Philosophy of the View of Life in Modern Chinese Thought, a work mainly focusing on the 1923–1924 controversy over Science and Metaphysics (kexue yu xuanxue lunzhan 科學與玄學論戰), Gad C. Isay returns to one of his first academic interests, offering a reviewed version of his PhD dissertation. Originally supervised by Irene Eber and defended at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2000, this work aims at clarifying "the philosophical issues inherent in the arguments heard in the past [concerning the problem of view of life (in German Lebensanschauung, in Chinese renshengguan 人生觀)1] and at establishing a framework for making these relevant to contemporary discussions" (p. 8). As far as the first ambition is concerned, Isay certainly succeeds; regarding contemporary discussions only the future will tell us. Isay's book is truly innovative in a field long dominated by studies focusing only on the scientist actors of the debate, i.e. Ding Wenjiang 丁文江 (1887–1936), Wu Zhihui 吳稚暉 (1865–1953), Chen Duxiu 陳獨秀 (1879–1942), and Hu Shi 胡適 (1891–1962)2. By Balancing this one-sided approach, Isay offers a very thorough presentation of the "metaphysics clique" (xuanxue pai 玄學派) including thinkers like Liang Qichao 梁啓超 (1873–1929), Zhang Junmai 張君勱 (1877–1969), Zhang Dongsun 張東蓀 (1886–1973) or Lin Zaiping 林宰平 (1879–1960). As such, the work examined here can be considered as a part of a historiographical trend to "decenter the May Fourth Movement"3. In contrast to the old understanding of the May Fourth era as dominated by iconoclastic and scientist intellectuals, Isay shows that within the intellectual milieu of the time Chinese modernity was not solely considered in opposition to tradition. One can also say that Isay's work is perhaps the first to enter into the philosophical articulations of the debate. His focus on the problem of autonomy underlines that Confucian philosophy was by


Gi lobalization is now a central theme in the affairs of the Pacific Islands, and Pacific Islands governments are caught up in the rhetoric, the ideol ogy, and the economic policies of globalization. Policymakers in govern ments and regional organizations pepper their conversations with phrases drawn from that branch of politics called economics. These include "achieving effective private-public sector partnerships," "improving the attractiveness of the foreign investment regime," "facilitating investment transparency," "adopting free and open trade amongst our Island coun tries," "reducing public sector subsidies," "promoting integration into the world economy," "enabling public enterprises to operate on commercial principles," "providing a policy environment to encourage commercial activity," and "encouraging the development of the private sector so that it assumes a leading role as the primary engine of growth." Where did this language and these ideas come from? To answer these questions, it is first necessary to define globalization, a term with many meanings in the fin-de-siecle conversation about the state of the world, signifying everything from the expansion of Europe since Columbus to the emergence of a global, Americanized consumer culture. These wider historical and cultural definitions are too broad to be useful for my argu ment, which focuses on the economic dimensions of globalization. So I follow two economists, Paul Bairoch and Richard Kozul-Wright, in call ing globalization a "process in which the production and financial struc tures of countries are becoming interlinked by an increasing number of cross-border transactions to create an international division of labor in which national wealth comes, increasingly, to depend on economic agents


We need a clear definition of CFS/ME in children and sample sizes for genetic studies need to be much larger


In the new framework of the Psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, this paper addresses the issue of building socially sustainable processes to develop a better quality of life in an urban context. The aim is to explore and highlight the connection between the acknowledgment of a pluralistic and multi-stakeholder scenario, the entwined implications for sustainability at different levels (personal, social, organizational), and the enhancement of the participatory process of planning for future accomplishments. A case study supported by the Municipality of Milano (Italy) is analyzed with the aim to understand the key issues to improve the well-being of the citizens. The paper describes the context of the experience, highlighting the Delphi approach adopted and the ways applied to involve citizens in urban development policies. Discussion and conclusions address the lesson learnt from the case study, pointing out how to prompt and nurture sharing and knowing opportunities and the specific conditions that can support plural stakeholders' engagement in a sustainable urban future.


Introduction High-resolution lymph node (LN) sonography in patients with malignant melanoma is a routine diagnostic procedure in medical centres. Its aim is the early detection of lymph node and subcutaneous metastases in relation to tumour stage. LN sonography exhibits a high acceptance when compared with other diagnostic techniques, with good accessibility of the lymph node stations under investigation (J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2013 Aug; 11 Suppl 6:1-116, 1-126. doi: 10.1111/ddg.12113_ suppl. Malignant melanoma S3-guideline "diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of melanoma"). These follow-up investigations not only result in the early detection of a relapse, they also help to prolong overall survival. In addition, during the same session suspect lymph nodes can be biopsied using FNAC (fine-needle aspiration cytology). Confirmed metastases must be surgically removed as soon as possible (Schäfer et al. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2007). While the neck, axilla and groin are regarded as regions for investigation that are particularly easily accessible, this strategy can be applied to numerous LN changes other than LN metastases. Sentinel biopsy for example is a further important procedure after sonographic assessment of the relevant LN.


This article introduced take our country at present the mold profession present situation as the background, introduced the mold business management informationization superiority and the importance. And introduced the mold agile supply chain management technology, then proposed one kind of support mold agilely supplies the decision support system which the chain manages, finally take the enterprise as the background, has given this decision support system application.


We report here a new method to improve the detection limit of a standard quadrupole mass spectrometer ~QMS!. In thermal desorption spectroscopy ~TDS!, we need to select only those molecules desorbing from the front face of the crystal. To ensure this, our QMS has a differentially pumped nozzle, with its inlet close to the crystal surface. The differential pumping ensures that the TDS experiment operates in the high-pumping speed limit. However, the nozzle configuration reduces the signal, particularly for species such as water and iodine which adsorb strongly on the nozzle walls. Therefore we modified our QMS to improve its detection limit while retaining the nozzle configuration. As shown below, we have successfully improved the detection limit, and can record quality thermal desorption spectra at a heating rate of only 0.1 K/s. Although our principal objective was to improve the quality of slow-sweep TD spectra, the method improves the detection limit for any experiment. The improved detection limit was achieved by modulating the entry of ions from the ion source into the quadrupole mass filter, and detecting the modulation on the output of the secondary-electron multiplier ~SEM! with a lock-in amplifier ~LIA!, as detailed below. Our QMS was a Hiden Analytical model HAL 321, but the method will work with minor modifications for other spectrometers. The QMS is operated in the mode in which a single mass is monitored as a function of time, rather than in the mode in which a range of masses is scanned and displayed as a spectrum. Normally the current from the SEM runs through a current-to-voltage converter and some amplification stages, is digitized and then is manipulated in software. However, the software periodically corrects for baseline offsets in the electronics by switching the ion source off and measuring the signal in the absence of ions. Therefore the capability to switch the ion source on and off is built into the electronics and we were able to take advantage of this capability. The ions are extracted from the ion source by running the source at about 13 V, and are switched off by decreasing the source voltage to about 24 V. We added a circuit ~Fig. 1! which switches the ion source between these two voltages at a frequency which is selectable from 7.5 Hz to 1 kHz. The circuit uses a standard 555 timing chip to generate a TTLcompatible square wave. The 100 kV variable resistor is used to vary the frequency. The square wave from the timing chip does not have a 50% duty cycle, and so is sent into a D-type flipflop. The flip-flop output is a 50% duty cycle square wave at half the frequency of the timing chip. The


This article is the result of a research study which addresses the reality of the elderly from a socioeducational approach. Senior citizens are an increasingly important part of the population in social policy and this study focuses on their socioeducational needs and social participation through partnership, taking Senior Citizens´ Residences as a main reference. We used a qualitative methodology, as this allows us to get close to and interpret the reality of the elderly from their own point of view and experiences. Thirty participants were chosen and interviewed in depth. The interviews were then categorised and analysed. Results show the high motivation and willingness of participants to take part in social, cultural and educational activities to the extent that these meet their needs, which in turn implies that the programmes and services designed for them originate from their own needs and requirements.


A 33-year-old Chinese man was admitted to our hospital with a two-month history of chest pain, many nodule-like rashes on his body mainly at extremities for one month, and a two-day history of high fever. He had 15-year history of heavy smoking and liquor consumption (500 g/d). On admission, his consciousness is clear, with heart rate of 137 beats/min in sinus rhythm, blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg, and the temperature of 39.1°C. His fingers and toes showed necrotic color with some pea-sized nodules. The heart sounds were very low, without pericardial friction sounds. The laboratory results revealed WBC 21.34×10/L, neutrophil % 85.9%; creatinine 245–318 μmol/L (40–97); CK-MB 35–40 IU/L (0–25); cTnI 4.56 ng/ ml (0–0.04) (the data above in the parentheses are normal ranges). Anti-HIV and antibodies for autoimmune disease were negative. ECG showed ST segment elevation and abnormal QS waves in leads I, aVL , and V2-6 (Figure 1A). A 2D echocardiography revealed left ventricular hypokinesia, and without hypoechoic lesion in the myocardium. Blood culture showed growth of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to ampicillin G. He died at 35 hours after the admission. Autopsy was done at the agreement of his family.


This paper presents an extension to a recent intensity-limiting sino-gram completion-based Metal Artefact Reduction (MAR) algorithm for Computed Tomography (CT) images containing multiple metal objects. A novel weighting scheme is introduced, whereby the intensities of the MAR-corrected pixels are modified based on their spatial locations relative to the metal objects. Pixels falling within the straight-line regions connecting multiple metal objects are subjected to less intensive intensity-limiting, thereby compensating for the characteristic dark bands occurring in these regions. Extensive experimentation is performed on a state-of-the-art numerical simulation, a clinical CT data set and a baggage security CT data set. Comprehensive performance analysis, using reference and reference-free error metrics, Bland-Altman plots and visual comparisons, demonstrate an improvement in the restoration of the underestimated intensities occurring in the regions connecting multiple metal objects.


The utility model relates to a wire extraction device for wire clamp maintenance, which comprises a clamp provided with a vertical groove in the middle, housings mounted on two sides of the clamp through supporting rods, and a wire extraction screw rod; shaft seats with internal threads are mounted in the housings; external threads matched with the internal threads on the shaft seats are set on the wire extraction screw rod; and a wire hook is arranged at the lower end part of the wire extraction screw rod. The wire extraction device can be fixed through the clamp, and the clamp can be conveniently fixed at the multiple parts of the wire clamp or a steel tower; moreover, when the wire extraction device is fixed, the ground wire can be built on stilts so long as the wire extraction screw rod is screwed on.


Wireless charging of smartphones using inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) has become very popular. However, the efficiency of IWPT systems can decrease substantially when the transmitting and receiving coils are not closely coupled. One popular approach to mitigate the efficiency degradation is to utilize higher frequency. However, the higher efficiency is only achieved at a specific range of load resistance, which may not be feasible in real applications. In this work, we analyze the effect of frequency and load variations on the power transfer efficiency of a typical two-coil IWPT setup, based on a numerical model. The results show that lower frequency systems are favored for low load resistances, and vice versa for high load resistances. For example, when the coils' inductance is 20µH and the load resistance is below 3.4 ohms, then operation at lower frequencies is recommended even when the coupling factor is as low as 0.1.


Approximately 320 miles of pipeline on the Canadian River Aqueduct were bedded with a plastic soil-cement backfill. In this method, which was developed by the American Concrete Pipe and Construction Co., the pipe was set in a semicircular trench slightly larger than the pipe and the annular space was filled with plastic soil-cement. The bedding provides a direct transfer of the pipe load to the undisturbed foundation material; therefore, this method is suitable where the foundation is firm. The soil-cement consisted of 2 to 2-1/2 sacks of cement per cu yd of sand mixed with sufficient water to make it pumpable. Construction control was exercised to assure proper proportioning. Record compressive strength tests and laboratory tests were conducted to determine the general properties. A fall-sized test section showed the performance of the bedding to be satisfactory during a period of drying.


Surface water is an important parameter for water resource management and terrestrial water circulation research that is closely related to human production and livelihood. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology and cloud computing platforms, the use of remote sensing technology for large-scale and long-term surface water monitoring and investigation has become a research trend. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform and Landsat series satellite data, in this study, the Emergency Geomatics Service (EGS) operational surface water mapping algorithm and water index masking were utilized to extract the spatial scope of the water body. The validated models of the Secchi disk depth (SDD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended solids (SS) concentration were applied to water quality parameter inversion and water quality evaluation. Surface water extent extraction and water quality maps were created to analyze the spatial distribution of the water body and the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of the water quality parameters. A verification experiment was carried out with the surface water in Zhejiang Province as the research object. The results show that the surface water in the study area from 1990 to 2022 could be accurately extracted. The kappa coefficients were all greater than 0.90, and the overall accuracies of the extractions were greater than 95.31%. From 1990 to 2022, the total surface water area in Zhejiang Province initially decreased and then increased. The minimum water area of 2027.49 km2 occurred in 2005, and the maximum water area of 2614.96 km2 occurred in 2020, with an annual average variation of 193.92 km2. Since 2015, the proportion of high SS and Chl-a concentrations, and low SDD water bodies in Zhejiang Province have decreased, and the proportion with better water quality has increased significantly. The spatial distribution map of the surface water and the inversion results of the water quality parameters obtained in this study provide a valuable reference and guidance for regional water resource management, disaster monitoring and early warning, environmental protection, and aquaculture.


Polish dances in the Russian state became known at the XVII century. In a secular Russian everyday life of the XIX century Mazurka and Krakowiak was popular to some time and regular. These two Polish dance was began to performed on the dramatic stage in vaudeville. The article provides a brief overview of precedents incarnations Polish themes in Russian theatrical choreography since the first appearances of the motives of the polonaise, mazurka, krakowiak on the stage of the Imperial theater - to the interpretation of modern dance choreographers.


The theory of the national united front of anti-Japanese war is the integration of Marxist united front theory and China concrete practice of anti-Japanese war.The theoretical innovation of the national united front of anti-Japanese war is in many respects,for example,the innovation in firm principles and flexible tactics,in the lead ship of united front,in democracy and political constructions,in dealing with the class relations,in culture work and so on.We should sum up the experiences and provide inexhaustible sourses for to build a homnious and well-off society in an all-round way,to realize the great rejuvenation and reunification of Chinese nation.


A general equation is derived for the point along a descending curved track that a particle (such as a marble or model car) loses contact with the surface, in the absence of dissipation of mechanical energy. The object is assumed to start from rest at a point on the curve of zero slope. The launch speed and angle are calculated for the examples of a circular and a log-secant curve. The equation shows that a particle can never launch off a parabolic track, because it cannot attain the speed of a freefalling object skimming along the surface of such a track.


Snyder, Cory Firmin. M.S.Egr. Department of Electrical Engineering, Wright State University, 2013. Provable Run Time Safety Assurance for a Non-linear System. Systems that are modeled by non-linear continuous-time differential equations with uncertain parameters have proven to be exceptionally difficult to formally verify. The past few decades have produced a number of useful verification tools which can be applied to such systems but each is applicable to only a subset of possible verification scenarios. The Level Sets Toolbox (LST) is one such tool which is directly applicable to non-linear systems, however, it is limited to systems of relatively small continuous state space dimension. Other tools such as PHAVer and the SpaceEx invariant of the Le Guernic-Girard (LGG) support function algorithm are specifically designed for hybrid systems with linear dynamics and linear constraints but can accommodate hundreds of continuous states. The application of these linear reachability tools to non-linear models has been achieved by approximating non-linear systems as linear hybrid automata (LHA). Unfortunately, the practical applicability and limitations of this approach are not yet well documented. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the performance and dimensionality limitations of PHAVer and the LGG support function algorithm when applied to a LHA approximation of a particular non-linear system. A collision avoidance scenario with autonomous differential drive robots is used as a case study to demonstrate that an over-approximated reachable set boundary can be generated and implemented as a run time safety assurance mechanism.


The author comments on the structure of St Govan's Chapel in Pembrokeshire and discusses the potential connection between the early Christian hermit St Govan and the legendary Arthurian knight Sir Gawaine.


The supervision system has gone through three stages of birth, retrogression and restoration. The current supervision system within the Party plays an important role in strengthening supervision within the Party, improving the Party's leadership and fighting against corruption. However, there are still some problems such as short of independence of supervising organs, and low social position. In order to reform and improve supervision system within the Party's leadership, we consider that we may adopt the method of linear style according to the actual situations of our country.


Many of the varied characteristics of the mycobacteria may be due to the influence of bacteriophage acting in some manner to alter the bacterial heredity. In phage studies attention is generally attracted to lytic reactions, as these are readily observable. The introduction of a phage genome into a bacterium that does not lead to lysis will very likely go unnoticed, but may influence all future generations of the bacterium. This type of phage infection is probably much more common than it is considered to be. Combinations of genetic factors involving phage and bacterial genomes have been shown to result in variations in bacteria. Determination of the nature of such variations and the factors involved in specific cases requires genetic analysis as well. as other means of study. The results of studies on lysis by certain phages may divulge information regarding the previous interactions of the bacteria with phage. The present study on phage LEO appears to offer such an example.


Abstract Consider the first-order linear differential equation with several non-monotone retarded arguments x ′  ( t ) + ∑ i = 1 m p i  ( t )  x  ( τ i  ( t ) ) = 0 {x^{\prime}(t)+\sum_{i=1}^{m}p_{i}(t)x(\tau_{i}(t))=0} , t ≥ t 0 {t\geq t_{0}} , where the functions p i , τ i ∈ C  ( [ t 0 , ∞ ) , ℝ + ) {p_{i},\tau_{i}\in C([t_{0},\infty),\mathbb{R}^{+})} , for every i = 1 , 2 , … , m {i=1,2,\ldots,m} , τ i  ( t ) ≤ t {\tau_{i}(t)\leq t} for t ≥ t 0 {t\geq t_{0}} and lim t → ∞  τ i  ( t ) = ∞ {\lim_{t\to\infty}\tau_{i}(t)=\infty} . New oscillation criteria which essentially improve the known results in the literature are established. An example illustrating the results is given.


The Philippines is exposed to a variety of natural hazards annually. With this, the government is continuously investing in research projects that will help supplement the current weather monitoring techniques of the country. For years, lightning occurrences have been known to have a significant correlation with weather disturbances. Thus, it can be explored for developing more enhanced weather forecasting systems, especially for disaster risk response efforts. The development and deployment of the Philippines' Dense and Nationwide Lightning Detection Network under the Understanding Lightning and Thunderstorms (ULAT) research-project is a current initiative of DOST-ASTI to traverse and study this proposition. These networks are composed of ULAT stations that will detect and gather weather and lightning data for further analysis in achieving short-term forecasting.


This article describes how new technologies and high-performance compaction equipment are making it easier for roadbuilders to attain optimum density for road bases and asphalt mats without damaging what's below. For both soil and asphalt rollers, today's "intelligent compaction" (IC) uses machines that sense the degree of compaction beneath the drum, and vary compactive force to get density. Now, this capability is combined with global positioning system (GPS) technology to create a real-time database of densities obtained anywhere on a pass, with the ability to log the number of passes and the temperature of the mat, anywhere on that mat, on any pass. Intelligent rollers have the ability to make and execute an appropriate decision based on the analysis of collected information. They measure material stiffness data during compaction, analyze that information, and make a decision how to adjust the vibratory drum to optimize compaction. Conversely, conventional compaction has limitations. It provides little or no feedback on the fly. Corings for density measurement are not analyzed until after compaction, and may not be representative of the entire section. Overcompaction can occur. In the short term, intelligent compaction can improve density for better performance, improve construction efficiency for cost savings, and increase construction information for better quality control and quality assurance.


The early pathologists recognized that the principal lesions of pulmonary tuberculosis in European adults were cavitations and fibrocaseous nodules in the cephalad third of the lungs, and it was realized that the first cavities usually appeared near the apex, more often on the right. Precise knowledge of the development of all types of pulmonary disease was made possible by the roentgen ray, which confirmed and refined earlier views and established the frequency of healed primary complexes in the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes. The studies of Sweany (1) on location of single cavities maybe taken as one of the best quantitative reports, fully confirming the right-sided and juxta-apical predilection of progressive lesions in adults. The work of Medlar proved that in cattle and in rabbits the progressive lesions were usually far more numerous at the opposite anatomical site, namely the juxta-diaphragmatic and dorsal regions (2, 3). Medlar also observed, however, that in rabbits which had been kept erect by a...


Purpose – This paper aims to present disaster information and a monitoring system in order to utilize earth observation data in the operative process of early warning, mitigation and management of natural disasters. The system is aimed at integrating earth observation data analysis with modern ICTs including GIS, grid, mobile communication and web technology to support disaster monitoring and to share disaster information during a crisis.Design/methodology/approach – The system development concerned outlining an operative disaster monitoring and management process. The process was derived from actual practices, suggestions and needs of different user groups involved in disaster management. After investigating state‐of‐the‐art ICTs and reviewing the existing tools and databases, a suitable system architecture was designed and a prototype system was implemented, adapting to a proven software development process.Findings – The prototype system implementation demonstrated how satellite‐based data can be used ...


To the Editor. —Your Obituary Listing of March 3, 1993, 1 puzzles me. How is it possible that during that reporting period, the youngest person to die was 86 years old, and the mean age of death was more than 91 years? Compare these numbers with those from your March 10, 1993, 2 necrology: the youngest age of death was 30 years, with the mean age of 66 years. You seem to have clustered all the elderly deaths in your March 3 issue. Is this mysterious distribution merely a quirk or an attempt to liven up the obituaries?


Effective separation and purification of proteins has been an important issue in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. A novel protein adsorption has been developed in biotechnology to achieve highly efficient and economical separation processes. Application in separation and purification processes often used the ability of zeolites and other molecular sieves to exclude molecules too large to enter the pores and admit smaller ones. In this study, two zeolites which are H-Y and H-Beta have been modified by adding a type of metal into each zeolite to enhance the performance of the zeolites. Three types of metals were used. They were nickel oxide, ferum oxide and zirconium oxide. The zeolite is used as an immobilized metal ion affinity stationary phase for protein purification. The adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein using modified zeolites was studied. The effect of pH on adsorption capacity was studied at three different pHs, namely 3, 5 and 8. It is found that the adsorption capacity is the highest at pH 5. Increase in pH higher than the pI leads to the decrease in the adsorption capacity. This is caused by electrostatics repulsion between protein and the surface of adsorbent. Bovine serum albumin concentration was analyzed by UV/VIS Spectrophotometer. It is obvious that as the concentration is higher, the adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein is also higher. This is because as the sample is more concentrated, it contained more protein so the adsorption will also be increased. It can be concluded that the most efficient zeolite is H-Beta combined with zirconium oxide. Ismail et al. (2005) has said that the molecular sieve H-Beta zeolite has been explored for its ability to adsorb proteins from aqueous solution in batch experiment. Zirconium oxide is the most efficient metal compared to nickel oxide and ferum oxide. The adsorption isotherms are confirmed to be ideal to the Langmuir model.


A 34-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 5-day course of progressive, painful, ulcerated lesions on her lower extremities. She reported subjective fevers, painful nodules on her thighs, and swelling of her hands and feet. Her past medical history included idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura at age 3. She was born and continued to reside in Paraguay where she was working as an accountant. She denied domestic or international travel; other social and family history was noncontributory. On examination, the patient was afebrile with normal vital signs. Multiple purpuric macules and necrotic ulcers with irregular margins were diffusely scattered throughout her lower extremities (Figure 1A and 1B). Additionally, she had diffuse infiltration of the skin on her face and earlobes, edema in her hands and feet, and 2 tender and erythematous subcutaneous nodules on her thighs (Figure 1C–E). The rest of her physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory studies revealed a white blood cell count of 10 000 cells/mL (30% lymphocytes, 65% neutrophils, 1% eosinophils), activated partial thromboplastin time of 49 seconds (normal range, 25–35 seconds), fibrinogen 424 mg/dL (normal range, 150–350 mg/dL), cardiolipin antibody immunoglobulin M of 143 (negative <12 IgM phospholipid units) and immunoglobulin G of 170 (negative <12 IgG phospholipid units), and lupus anticoagulants were positive. Protein S, protein C, antithrombin, human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody, and serum Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test were negative. A biopsy specimen was obtained from an ulcerative lesion on her lower extremity, and microbiological and histopathological evaluation showed the findings depicted in Figure 2. What is your diagnosis?


Irish Representations in the Films of Jim Sheridan and Neil Jordan Jeffrey K. Jack This thesis explores four films from "second wave" directors Jim Sheridan and Neil Jordan: The Crying Game, The Butcher Boy, The Field, and The Boxer. In these films, Sheridan and Jordan add complexity to previously static film representations of Irish society and culture. The study analyzes the modifications Sheridan and Jordan make to the cultural and political representations of the "first wave" of Irish films, relating theoretical developments more traditionally used in literary studies, including "postcolonialism" and "postmodernism." It also explores how these four films have influenced more recent developments in Irish cinema, including the recent shifting of the settings for "Irish" films to more international settings exemplified by Sheridan's recent film, the Oscar-nominated In America.


This paper deals with the scale insects Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood, 1870), Pulvinaria hydrangeae Steinweden, 1946 and Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus, 1758) which were monitored during a four year faunistic investigation (2005–2008) of the genus Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, 1866 in Croatia. P. hydrangeae is a newly recorded species in Croatia. Distribution (according to the UTM coordinate system) and host plants of these species in Croatia are reported. Some morphological characteristics useful to separate these three species are also given.


ABSTRACT
 Spanning parent-communication and administration to content delivery and student monitoring, platforms have become an integral part of contemporary schooling. Building on two ethnographic episodes occurring in a Danish primary school in January 2020, this article engages in an analysis and discussion of how the ongoing platformization of schools affects the day-to-day relations of teachers and students in a 2nd and 9th grade class. The article draws on a posthuman theoretical framework to give an account of how two common education platforms used in the Danish primary school system – the MathFessor platform for mathematics, and the Gyldendal portal for Danish language lessons – become problematically constitutive of what and who matters in classroom interactions. By emphasizing and theorizing the relational embeddedness of education platforms, the episodes serve as invitations for a greater attentiveness to what bodies in schools can and cannot do in classroom-based platform practices. An attentiveness which, it is argued, extends well beyond the instrumental discourses of personalization, innovation, and efficiency surrounding the implementation and use of platforms in schools.


Abstract Features used by children and adults to categorize items at the basic level were investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, preschool children categorized pictures at the basic level more than 90% of the time, replicating previous research. In the second experiment, a match-to-sample task was used in which visual and behavioral similarity of non-basic-level matching items constituted the independent variables. Subjects were preschoolers, school-age children, and adult college students. Basic-level matches exceeded chance expectation in the school age and adult groups only, preschool children made more non-basic-level matches than did school-age children and adults, and all age groups made more non-basic-level matches when there was high visual similarity between the sample and non-basic-level matching items. These results suggest possible developmental differences in processes that mediate basic-level categorization, and highlight the role of perceptual features in influencing such...


In the present paper, the sorption properties of caffeine (CAF) onto polyether type polyurethane foam (PUF) as solid phase sorbent were investigated with UV determination at 274.3 nm. Batch and column methods were used to optimize chemical, flow, kinetic and isothermal conditions for preconcentration of CAF. Results indicated quantitative sorption of CAF at pH 8 and 30 min shaking time. The maximum sorption capacity was found to be 4.1 mg g^−1. Column preconcentration was recommended at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min^−1 and desorption with 4 mL from 0.15 mol L^−1 hydrochloric acid. The procedure provided a linear analytical range of 0.05 – 30 mg L^−1. The detection and quantification limits are 0.016 and 0.047 mg L^−1, respectively. The procedure was applied to determination of CAF in spiked human plasma. The obtained recoveries were 98 – 101% and RSD values were from 0.05 to 9.5%.


The invention relates to a signaling frequency reducing method for a fiber optic communication network switch. A fiber optical communication system usually uses 8b/10b code for transmission, and the transmission rate is over 1,000Mbps. When the switch works, the switch needs to extract a little signaling for controlling channels from the fiber optical communication system, but a common circuit ishard to process the signaling which has such a high transmission rate, thus, a serial/parallel converter is required to reduce the frequency of the signaling, and then, the signaling can be extracted. The invention provides a 'frequency reducing code'. After the signaling is encoded by using the 'frequency reducing code', the signal frequency thereof can be reduced manifold, so that the switch can extract the signaling without the serial/parallel converter, and the structure is significantly simplified.


In a changing climate and society, large storage systems can play a key role for securing water, energy, and food, and rebalancing their cross-dependencies. In this letter, we study the role of large storage operations as flexible means of adaptation to climate change. In particular, we explore the impacts of different climate projections for different future time horizons on the multi-purpose operations of the existing system of large dams in the Red River basin (China–Laos–Vietnam). We identify the main vulnerabilities of current system operations, understand the risk of failure across sectors by exploring the evolution of the system tradeoffs, quantify how the uncertainty associated to climate scenarios is expanded by the storage operations, and assess the expected costs if no adaptation is implemented. Results show that, depending on the climate scenario and the time horizon considered, the existing operations are predicted to change on average from -7 to +5% in hydropower production, +35 to +520% in flood damages, and +15 to +160% in water supply deficit. These negative impacts can be partially mitigated by adapting the existing operations to future climate, reducing the loss of hydropower to 5%, potentially saving around 34.4 million US$ year-1 at the national scale. Since the Red River is paradigmatic of many river basins across south east Asia, where new large dams are under construction or are planned to support fast growing economies, our results can support policy makers in prioritizing responses and adaptation strategies to the changing climate.


The adoption of American Antitrust Exemptions such as Insurance Industry Antitrust Exemption, State Action Immunity, Petitioning Immunity and Sports Antitrust Exemption, is being limited more strictly, while the scope of Labor Collective Bargaining Exemption is slightly extended.


Background: A suitable cropping system seem to be the possible solution to meet the continuous increase in demand for food, stability of income and diverse requirement of food grains. Selection of suitable cropping system for conservation of resources has prime importance now a day. The cropping systems selected in study have higher potential of production along with incorporable residues during winter. The residues of cotton, castor and mustard crops (Crops in selected cropping systems) have more potential to feed nutrients to soil as compared to burning. So incorporation of such crop residues in to soil helps to recycle the nutrients to correct their deficiencies. Farmyard manure is being used as major source of organic manure in field crops. Thus to maintain the soil health, integrated nutrient management approaches involving FYM and mineral source need to be standardized. So there is need to find out agronomically efficient and economically viable cropping system which can perform better for increasing productivity and profitability with association of conservation of natural resources. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Sixteen treatment combinations comprising of four cropping system treatments viz, C1 : Cotton- Summer Pearlmillet, C2 : Greengram + Kharif Castor (Relay), C3 : Greengram - Mustard - Summer Pearlmillet and C4 : Greengram - Rabi Castor and two residue incorporation treatments viz, R0 : No residue incorporation and R1 : Residue incorporation as well as two fertilizer doses viz, F1 : 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer and F2 : 75% RDN through inorganic fertilizer + 25% RDN through FYM were evaluated in the study. Result: Cotton - summer pearlmillet cropping system found significantly superior by recording higher pearlmillet equivalent yield, system productivity and system profitability while, total weed count/m2 and total weed dry weight were found the lowest under greengram- kharif castor (relay) cropping system. Residue incorporation secured top position by recording significantly the highest pearlmillet equivalent yield, system productivity and system profitability as well as lowest total weed count/m2 and total weed dry weight. Application of 75% RDN through inorganic fertilizer + 25% RDN through FYM recorded significantly highest pearlmillet equivalent yield, system productivity and system profitability. In case of weed count and weed dry weight, 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer found significantly superior by recording lowest total weed count/m2 and total weed dry weight.


The attraction literature in tourism is dominated by the metaphor of magnetism. This image, reoccurring in tourism writing for at least one hundred and fifty years, sees key tourism sites as luring tourists to a specific point. Examples of the 'magnetic' power of key attractions to shape the travel experience are richly featured in travel writing from Mark Twain to John Steinbeck, and from Clive James to Umberto Eco. Visitors, according to this view, are much like iron filings drawn inexorably to a positive magnetic pole. Since such metaphors can overly structure (and limit) our creative thinking, perhaps it is time at the start of a new century to draw some new tourism attraction analogies. In itself this is not a novel suggestion. Leiper (1995) expressed dissatisfaction with the literal interpretation of the term attraction and has explicitly emphasized visitors' needs and the relative qualities of home and visited sites to explain travel flows. Additionally, a diversity of writers in problem-solving, scientific thinking and the creative reformulation of problems has suggested that periodically we need to refresh our metaphors and analogies to stimulate better analysis (Nadler et al., 1999; Gilovich, 1993; Langer, 1989).It is perhaps desirable to suggest that attractions in a region might be thought of as analogous to a dynamic matrix of force fields affecting bodies with varying degrees of susceptibility. Such an analogy directs attention to the competition between attractions in a finite area, addresses management and marketing influences which can shape the power of the fields and highlights audience receptivity and choice. Armed with this new analogy, the present chapter reviews tourist attraction development and classification and, through select examples, profiles empirical studies of attractions varying in their success. Further, the chapter will also consider some key concepts to understand attraction success better and note emerging trends from recent studies of attractions. The work reported here undertakes these reviews in order to establish the nature of the influences which have, are and are likely to work in the force fields of the attraction sector. In conclusion, the chapter will direct attention to emerging technologies and evolving management responses which are likely to produce new attraction products.


This paper examines the factors associated with the attainment of leadership positions of men and women academic scientists. Based on the literature, we develop hypotheses for three determinants of leadership: social relationships, reputation, and gender. Social relationships concern the importance of the network connections; reputation recognizes the importance of science ability; characteristics include individual traits such as gender. We test the resulting model on the likelihood of attaining three different types of academic science leadership - center leadership, university administrative leadership, and discipline leadership. Regression analysis uses data from a National Science Foundation funded survey of scientists in which social network, attitudinal and behavior data were collected to understand how social networks affect career trajectories of men and women. Findings show that while science reputation is strongly associated with center and discipline leadership, it is less strongly associated with administrative leadership. Also, large dense collaboration networks are important for center leadership, but the opposite is true for administrative leadership. Women are more likely to be in discipline leadership positions and less likely to be a leader of a research center or have an administrative university leadership position. Finally, having more women in the network reduces the likelihood of attaining discipline or center leadership positions. Conclusions interpret findings for policy and theory.


The composition of Isaiah 28-39 is studied from three points of view: (1) The historical background of the prophecies contained in these chapters; (2)The redactional 'bridges' between the two main parts of the Book of Isaiah: chapter 33 and 35; (3) The function of chapters 36-39 in the redaction of the book as a whole. The first woe (Isaiah 28) opens a new subdivision of the first part of the Book of Isaiah but its closure is located differently and might be a shifting end. The Second and Third Woe (Isaiah 29:1-14, 15-24) cries can be treated together since the theme of wisdom bridges the end of the former and the beginning of the latter. At first sight, the fourth woe (Isaiah 30) cry does not naturally ensue from the ApcIsa. The fifth woe (Isaiah 31) cry is not as strongly related to the ApcIsa as the preceding woe cries.Keywords: Isaiah 28; Isaiah 29:1-14, 15-24; Isaiah 30; Isaiah 31


© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Clinical Endocrinology , 63 , 116–120 receptor ligand rosiglitazone in Cushing's disease. European Journal of Endocrinology , 151 , 173–178. 4 Pecori Giraldi, F., Scaroni, C., Arvat, E., De Martin, M., Giordano, R., Albinger, N., Leao, A.A.S., Picu, A., Mantero, F. & Cavagnini, F. (2004) Effect of protracted treatment with rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, in patients with Cushing's disease. A pilot study. Proceedings of the 11th ENEA Meeting, Sorrento, Italy, April 24–27, O2.4, 25 (Abstract). 5 Suri, D. & Weiss, R.E. (2005) Effect of pioglitazone on ACTH and cortisol secretion in Cushing's disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 90 , 1340–1346.


Widespread veterinary use of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac is responsible for the population collapse of three species of Gyps vulture in south Asia; these species are now critically endangered. Vultures die when they consume carcasses of livestock that contain lethal residues of diclofenac. National and international conservation organizations have urgently recommended that diclofenac be banned and replaced with alternative drugs that are relatively safe to Gyps vultures and other scavenging birds. We tested the safety of the NSAID meloxicam on the oriental white‐backed vulture, long‐billed vulture and a range of other scavenging birds in India (Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, cattle egret Bubulcus ibis, house crow Corvus splendens, large‐billed crow Corvus machrorhynchos and common mynah Acridotheres tristis). Meloxicam was administered by oral intubation [at 0.5 and 2.0 mg kg−1 vulture body weight (bw)], or through feeding with muscle or liver tissue (at 0.3 to 2.1 mg kg−1 vulture bw) from meloxicam‐treated buffalo Bubalus bubalis. We estimate that 2.0 mg kg−1 bw is the maximum likely exposure in the wild. All 31 Gyps vultures and the 20 other scavenging birds given meloxicam survived. Feeding behaviour remained normal and there were no significant differences between the treated and control groups in body mass, or the blood haematology and biochemistry parameters monitored, including those known to be affected by diclofenac (uric acid levels and alanine transferase activity). Meloxicam is used to treat a wide range of livestock ailments and is licensed and manufactured in India. We recommend that meloxicam be introduced as rapidly as possible across the Indian sub‐continent as an alternative to diclofenac.


In the present perspective article a few selected, significant works reported in the field of supported chiral organic catalysts will be presented, with a special attention to the papers appeared that after 2002. A few considerations on the methodologies, the future and the problems related to the immobilization of chiral organic catalysts will also be briefly discussed.


Abstract Introduction and aims The management of symptoms and lifestyle in advanced disease are essential for the maintenance of patients' quality of life. Health care professionals can facilitate patients to optimise disease management by providing appropriate education. While the provision of education by health professionals for patients with advanced cancer is reasonably well documented, less attention has been paid to other advancing progressive diseases. The aim of this review was to synthesise qualitative research which examined health care professionals' knowledge, attitudes and ability towards delivering educational interventions to patients with the following advanced progressive diseases: heart failure, chronic respiratory disease, end stage renal disease and neuromuscular disorders. Methods The synthesis was conducted using meta-ethnography. Systematic searching of five electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science Social Science Citation Index and EMBASE) occurred. Included papers were data extracted and assessed for quality. Results The searches identified 911 records, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria for the review. Three key themes influencing the delivery of education to patients with advanced disease were identified: Capacity (to educate and aid decision-making) Context (of educational delivery) Timing (of education). Conclusion A range of enablers and barriers identified by health care professionals influence their ability to deliver education at the end of life. Therefore, any interventions to change practice need to have multiple components, rather than targeting sole aspects such as knowledge or motivation alone. Strategies for improving educational practice should explicitly target factors judged as important and potentially amenable to change.


Analyzing the current situation of network test and combined with the actual situation of the present "pathology" test,the article designs and implements the "pathology" online testing system.It describes the overall structure of the system design and database design and elaborates the key technologies applied in the system.The system is suitable for "pathology" course and has a more important reference val ue for other courses'online testing to implement.


Objective: To evaluate for cytotoxicity and thrombolytic activity. Methods: The cytotoxic activity was investigated by using brine shrimp nauplii. The ethanol extract was prepared by dissolving them in DMSO (not more than 50 µL in 5 mL solution) with sea water (3.8% NaCl in water) using concentrations 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 300 and 500 µg/mL. The extract was also evaluated for thrombolytic effect using clot lysis analysis at the concentration of 500µg, 800µg and 1000µg. Results:The ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca showed cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii and LC 50 value was 25 µg/ mL and thrombolytic activity was also investigated in our research that the % of clot lysis were 3.27, 7.59 and 13.04 at the concentration of 500µg, 800µg and 1000µg respectively. Conclusion:This is only a preliminary study.Further studies are necessary to evaluate the exact mechanism behind these activity.  Key Words: Musa paradisiaca; ethanol extract; brine shrimp nauplii:cytotoxic Activity; thrombolytic Activity


In this particle are brought results of the energy examination of the industrial of metylmerkaptan synthesis in a part of heat providing. It is shown heat balance in synthesis process, noted remarks on operation system of heat providing. The advisable actions are brought on reduction heats at usages of the system.


Anionic water-dispersible copolyester was prepared by the polycondensation of dimethyl isophathalate (DMI)/5-sodium sulfo dimethyl isophathalate (DMS) with ethylene glycol (EG)/diethylene glycol (DEG) to synthesize water-dispersible copolyester-g-AA/EAs by chemical method. In the case of graft polymerization of AA/EA onto DMI/DMS/EG/DEG copolyesters, graft yield increases with increase in the AA molar feed ratio. Copolyester-g-AA/EAs dissolve completely in 1N aqueous NaOH solution whereas DMI/DMS/EG/DEG copolyester does not. This is a result of the core/shell structure that was ascertained by the graft yield and the zeta potential of copolyester-g-AA/EAs. It appears that grafted AA/EA exists at the surface of copolyester-g-AA/EA particles, and the backbone polymer, i.e., DMI/DMS/EG/DEG copolyester, exists in the inner phase of the copolyester-g-AA/EA particles. The complete solubility of copolyester-g-AA/EAs in 1N NaOH aqueous solution seems to come mainly from the electrostatic repulsion between -COOs that are present at the surface of copolyester-g-AA/EA particles due to AA grafting and -OHs that are present at the dispersion medium due to NaOH decomposition and which cause the hydrolytic breakage and consequently the coagulation of copolyesters in alkaline medium.